Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preserving the Social Contract of Health Care--A Call to Action
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Senthil, K.
Author-Name: Russell, E.
Author-Name: Lantos, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2404
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302898
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302898
Keywords: health care delivery;  human;  Maryland;  prejudice;  social behavior, Baltimore;  Delivery of Health Care;  Humans;  Prejudice;  Social Responsibility
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302898_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: E-cigarettes are losing ground among smokers and non-smokers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Al-Delaimy, W.K.
Author-Name: Myers, M.G.
Author-Name: Strong, D.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302896
Keywords: electronic cigarette;  female;  human;  male;  smoking cessation;  utilization, Electronic Cigarettes;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Smoking Cessation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302896_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Beverage Marketing as a Public Health Policy Target
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kumanyika, S.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2182
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302893
Keywords: alcoholic beverage;  beverage;  human;  marketing;  organization and management;  public policy, Alcoholic Beverages;  Beverages;  Humans;  Marketing;  Public Policy
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302893_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Suggestions for Improvements
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Atkinson, J.G.
Author-Name: Giovanis, T.N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S630
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302932
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cost control;  economics;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  human;  organization and management;  reimbursement;  United States, Accountable Care Organizations;  Cost Control;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Insurance, Health, Reimbursement;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302932_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Plax Responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Plax, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e5-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302865
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302865
Keywords: child health care;  female;  human;  male;  procedures;  serodiagnosis;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent Health Services;  AIDS Serodiagnosis;  Female;  Humans;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302865_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fildes et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fildes, A.
Author-Name: Charlton, J.
Author-Name: Rudisill, C.
Author-Name: Littlejohns, P.
Author-Name: Prevost, T.
Author-Name: Gulliford, M.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302853
Keywords: body weight;  female;  human;  male;  obesity;  pathophysiology;  weight reduction, Female;  Humans;  Ideal Body Weight;  Male;  Obesity;  Weight Loss
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302853_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Worldwide Prevalence and Trends in Unintentional Drug Overdose: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martins, S.S.
Author-Name: Sampson, L.
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2373
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843a
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843a
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug overdose is an important, yet an inadequately understood, public health problem. Global attention to unintentional drug overdose has been limited by comparison with the scope of the problem. There has been a substantial increase in drug overdose incidence and prevalence in several countries worldwide over the past decade, contributing to both increased costs and mortality.
Keywords: narcotic analgesic agent, accident;  demography;  drug overdose;  drug use;  health;  human;  mortality;  prevalence;  psychology;  risk factor;  sex ratio;  statistics and numerical data;  time factor, Accidents;  Analgesics, Opioid;  Drug Overdose;  Drug Users;  Global Health;  Humans;  Prevalence;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors;  Sex Distribution;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843a_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The combined effects of the expansion of primary health care and conditional cash transfers on infant mortality in Brazil, 1998-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guanais, F.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S593-9, S585-92
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452r
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452r
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: I examined the combined effects of access to primary care through the Family Health Program (FHP) and conditional cash transfers from the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) on postneonatal infant mortality (PNIM) in Brazil.
Keywords: Brazil;  economics;  health care delivery;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  organization and management;  prenatal care;  primary health care;  social care;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  trends, Brazil;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  Prenatal Care;  Primary Health Care;  Public Assistance;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452r_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "In Spanish": advancing public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: González, M.C.
Author-Name: Santaella, J.
Author-Name: Puac-Polanco, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S558, S557
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858
Keywords: human;  language;  public health;  publication, Humans;  Language;  Periodicals as Topic;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nguyen et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, B.T.
Author-Name: Shuval, K.
Author-Name: Yaroch, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302827
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302827
Keywords: diet;  female;  food assistance;  human;  male;  obesity;  standards;  statistics and numerical data, Diet;  Female;  Food Assistance;  Humans;  Male;  Obesity
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302827_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health and Cuba: trading on a two-way street
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S561-2, S559-60
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847
Keywords: Cuba;  education;  health care manpower;  health care personnel;  health care planning;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  maternal mortality;  politics;  preventive medicine;  public health service, Cuba;  Health Manpower;  Health Personnel;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  Maternal Mortality;  Medically Underserved Area;  Politics;  Preventive Medicine;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Thriving Among Giants: Self-Publishing in the Digital Age
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Selzer, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1956
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302859
Keywords: access to information;  human;  Internet;  public health;  publication;  publishing;  trends, Access to Information;  Humans;  Internet;  Periodicals as Topic;  Public Health;  Publishing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302859_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Explaining racial disparities in infant health in Brazil
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nyarko, K.A.
Author-Name: Lopez-Camelo, J.
Author-Name: Castilla, E.E.
Author-Name: Wehby, G.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S575-84, S563-74
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021r
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021r
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil.
Keywords: ancestry group;  Black person;  Brazil;  Caucasian;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health care delivery;  health disparity;  human;  low birth weight;  male;  newborn;  prematurity;  prenatal care;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, African Continental Ancestry Group;  Brazil;  Continental Population Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Infant, Low Birth Weight;  Infant, Newborn;  Male;  Premature Birth;  Prenatal Care;  Prevalence;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021r_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preparedness for natural disasters among older US adults: a nationwide survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Al-Rousan, T.M.
Author-Name: Rubenstein, L.M.
Author-Name: Wallace, R.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S621-6, S614-20
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559r
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559r
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents.
Keywords: age;  aged;  disabled person;  disaster;  disaster planning;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  very elderly, Age Factors;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Disabled Persons;  Disaster Planning;  Disasters;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559r_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of border screening for detecting influenza in arriving airline travelers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Priest, P.C.
Author-Name: Jennings, L.C.
Author-Name: Duncan, A.R.
Author-Name: Brunton, C.R.
Author-Name: Baker, M.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S607-13, S600-6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761r
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761r
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  airport;  child;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  infant;  Influenza, Human;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  New Zealand;  pandemic;  preschool child;  procedures;  questionnaire;  season;  self report;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Airports;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Infant;  Influenza, Human;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  New Zealand;  Pandemics;  Seasons;  Self Report;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761r_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Bringing Care to People Rather Than People to Care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Niederman, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1733
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302746
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302746
Keywords: community care;  dental procedure;  health;  health auxiliary;  human;  organization and management, Community Health Services;  Community Health Workers;  Dental Care;  Humans;  Oral Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302746_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Budget Cuts: Friend or Foe to Population Health Collaboration?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nowinski Konchak, J.
Author-Name: Hitsman, B.
Author-Name: Bhatt, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cooperation;  government;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations, Accountable Care Organizations;  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.);  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Social Evil in Relation to the Health Problem. 1913
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Landis, J.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e45-e47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.1058e45
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.1058e45
Keywords: female;  history;  human;  male;  morality;  prostitution;  psychology;  public health;  sexually transmitted disease;  United States, Female;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Male;  Morals;  Prostitution;  Public Health;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.1058e45_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mary Evelyn Northridge, PhD, MPH: Public Health Leadership in a Style All Her Own
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stafford, S.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1518-1521
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302758
Keywords: art;  history;  human;  public health;  publication;  United States, History, 20th Century;  History, 21st Century;  Humans;  Periodicals as Topic;  Public Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302758_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health and Justice in a Time of Austerity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pfeiffer, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1508
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302786
Keywords: economics;  health care delivery;  health care financing;  human;  Mozambique;  organization;  organization and management;  social justice, Delivery of Health Care;  Healthcare Financing;  Humans;  Mozambique;  Organizations;  Social Justice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302786_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Role of Young Adults' Pleasure Attitudes in Shaping Condom Use
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Higgins, J.A.
Author-Name: Wang, Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1329-1332
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302567
Abstract: Condoms can help young adults protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. We examined young people's attitudes about whether condoms reduced pleasure and how these attitudes shape condom practices. We used a nationally representative sample of 2328 heterosexually active, unmarried 15- to 24-year-old young adults to document multivariate associations with condom nonuse at the last sexual episode. For both young men and women, pleasure-related attitudes were more strongly associated with lack of condom use than all sociodemographic or sexual history factors. Research and interventions should consistently assess and address young people's attitudes about how condoms affect pleasure.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  attitude to health;  condom;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  pleasure;  psychology;  sex difference;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  utilization;  young adult, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Attitude to Health;  Condoms;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Pleasure;  Sex Factors;  Sexual Behavior;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302567_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Realizing Reproductive Health Equity for Adolescents and Young Adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Northridge, J.L.
Author-Name: Coupey, S.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1284
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302701
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent pregnancy;  contraception;  epidemiology;  female;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  human;  pregnancy;  prevention and control;  reproductive health;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Contraception;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy in Adolescence;  Reproductive Health;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302701_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Precision medicine and health disparities: advancing the science of individualizing patient care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dankwa-Mullan, I.
Author-Name: Bull, J.
Author-Name: Sy, F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S368
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302755
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302755
Keywords: food and drug administration;  health care disparity;  health care planning;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  management;  national health organization;  personalized medicine;  public health service;  United States, Health Planning Guidelines;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Individualized Medicine;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Policy Making;  Public Health Practice;  United States;  United States Food and Drug Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302755_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mervyn Susser (1921-2014): Fighter for Social Justice and Pioneer in Epidemiology
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Author-Name: Brown, T.M.
Author-Name: Manuelpillai, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1316
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302633
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302633
Keywords: epidemiology;  history;  human;  social justice;  South Africa;  United States, Epidemiology;  History, 20th Century;  History, 21st Century;  Humans;  Social Justice;  South Africa;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302633_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Retraction: Child Farm Laborers (American journal of public health (2015) 105 8 (1726))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Win, A.Z.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1312
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623
Keywords: adolescent;  agriculture;  child;  employment;  history;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  photography;  retracted article;  United States, Adolescent;  Agriculture;  Child;  Employment;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Photography;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Choosing a Future for Epidemiology. 1996
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Susser, M.
Author-Name: Susser, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1313-1315
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.10571313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.10571313
Keywords: art;  chronic disease;  germ theory of disease;  history;  human;  infection, Chronic Disease;  Epidemiology;  Germ Theory of Disease;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Infection
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.10571313_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Intergenerational transmission of the effects of acculturation on health in Hispanic Americans: a fetal programming perspective
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, M.
Author-Name: Entringer, S.
Author-Name: Buss, C.
Author-Name: DeHaene, J.
Author-Name: Wadhwa, P.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S409-S423
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571
Abstract: We propose a transdisciplinary, life span framework for examining the underlying cause of the observed intergenerational decline in health among Hispanic Americans. We focus on acculturation, and we posit that acculturation-related processes in first-generation Hispanic immigrant mothers may affect the intrauterine development of an unborn child, via the process of fetal programming, to produce phenotypic effects that may alter the susceptibility for noncommunicable chronic diseases. In this manner, an intergenerational cascade of perpetuation may become established. Our framework may shed light on the biological, behavioral, and social causes of intergenerational cycles of vulnerability among immigrant minority groups, with public health and policy implications for primary prevention and intervention.
Keywords: cultural factor;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  fetus development;  health behavior;  health disparity;  Hispanic;  human;  human relation;  male;  mental stress;  mortality;  risk factor;  social support;  trends;  United States, Acculturation;  Female;  Fetal Development;  Health Behavior;  Health Status Disparities;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Intergenerational Relations;  Male;  Mortality;  Risk Factors;  Social Support;  Stress, Psychological;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: On leadership
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1060
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302657
Keywords: human;  leadership;  public health service;  publication;  United States, Humans;  Leadership;  Periodicals as Topic;  Public Health Administration;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302657_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Colla et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Colla, C.H.
Author-Name: Dow, W.H.
Author-Name: Dube, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302651
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302651
Keywords: female;  human;  male;  medical leave;  policy;  statistics and numerical data, Female;  Humans;  Male;  Organizational Policy;  Sick Leave
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302651_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Forces of change
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 836
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302575
Keywords: accreditation;  health care policy;  human;  population dynamics;  public health service;  social media;  trends;  United States, Accreditation;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Population Dynamics;  Public Health Administration;  Social Media;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302575_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Rothstein responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302650
Keywords: Disease Outbreaks;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  infection control;  migration;  procedures;  statistics and numerical data, Disease Outbreaks;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Quarantine;  Transients and Migrants
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302650_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Laying the groundwork for evidence-based public health: Why some local health departments use more evidence-based decision-making practices than others
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lovelace, K.A.
Author-Name: Aronson, R.E.
Author-Name: Rulison, K.L.
Author-Name: Labban, J.D.
Author-Name: Shah, G.H.
Author-Name: Smith, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S189-S197
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302306
Abstract: We examined variation in the use of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) practices across local health departments (LHDs) in the United States and the extent to which this variation was predicted by resources, personnel, and governance. We analyzed data from the National Association of County and City Health Officials Profile of Local Health Departments, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials State Health Departments Profile, and the US Census using 2-level multilevel regression models. We found more workforce predictors than resource predictors. Thus, although resources are related to LHDs' use of EBDM practices, the way resources are used (e.g., the types and qualifications of personnel hired) may be more important.
Keywords: cooperation;  decision making;  demography;  economics;  evidence based practice;  government;  human;  public health service;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  system analysis;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Decision Making;  Evidence-Based Practice;  Humans;  Local Government;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Systems Analysis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302306_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A new era for population health: government, academia, and community moving upstream together
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Choucair, B.
Author-Name: Bhatt, J.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S144
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564
Keywords: consumer;  cooperation;  government;  health care policy;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  university, Consumer Participation;  Cooperative Behavior;  Government Agencies;  Health Care Reform;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  Universities
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Envisioning a healthier future
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bergeron, C.D.
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 612
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302609
Keywords: health disparity;  human;  preventive health service;  public health, Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Preventive Health Services;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302609_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Digital health and AJPH: the time has come!
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buhi, E.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 420
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302585
Keywords: electronic health record;  human;  medical informatics;  procedures;  public health service;  standards;  telemedicine;  trends, Electronic Health Records;  Humans;  Medical Informatics;  Public Health Practice;  Telemedicine
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302585_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Innovations in public health education: promoting professional development and a culture of health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Levy, M.
Author-Name: Gentry, D.
Author-Name: Klesges, L.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S44-S45
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302351
Abstract: As the field of public health advances toward addressing complex, systemic problems, future public health professionals must be equipped with leadership and interprofessional skills that support collaboration and a culture of health. The University of Memphis School of Public Health has infused innovative strategies into graduate education via experiential learning opportunities to enhance leadership, collaboration, and professional development. Novel training programs such as Day One, Public Health Interdisciplinary Case Competition, and Memphis Healthy U support Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health cross-cutting competencies and prepare Master of Public Health and Master of Health Administration graduates to function effectively at the outset of their careers and become catalysts for creating a culture of health.
Keywords: cooperation;  health promotion;  human;  leadership;  medical education;  organization and management;  problem based learning;  professional competence;  program development;  public relations;  school;  Tennessee, Cooperative Behavior;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Interprofessional Relations;  Leadership;  Problem-Based Learning;  Professional Competence;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health;  Tennessee
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302351_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The relevance of public health history
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 228
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530
Keywords: history;  human;  public health;  United States, History, 20th Century;  History, 21st Century;  Humans;  Public Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Psychological well-being during the great recession: changes in mental health care utilization in an occupational cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Modrek, S.
Author-Name: Hamad, R.
Author-Name: Cullen, M.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 304-310
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined the mental health effects of the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 on workers who remained continuously employed and insured.
Keywords: psychotropic agent, economic recession;  employment;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental health service;  middle aged;  psychology;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  utilization, Economic Recession;  Employment;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health Services;  Middle Aged;  Psychotropic Drugs;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adolescents in West Africa
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mamudu, H.M.
Author-Name: Veeranki, S.P.
Author-Name: John, R.M.
Author-Name: Kioko, D.M.
Author-Name: Ogwell Ouma, A.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1823-1830
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302661
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302661
Abstract: Objectives. Weestimated the prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adolescents in 9 West African countries. Methods. We conducted a pooled analysis with nationally representative 2006 to 2009 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. We used descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure and inferential statistics using a multivariable logistic regression model to determine factors associated with SHS exposure. We investigated average marginal effect results that show the probability of SHS exposure, adjusting for all other attributes. Results. SHS exposure inside the home ranged from 13.0% to 45.0%; SHS exposure outside the home ranged from24.7%to 80.1%. Parental or peer smoking behaviorswere significantly associatedwith higher probability of SHS exposure in all 9 countries. Knowledge of smoking harm, support for smoking bans, exposure to antismoking media messages, and receptivity of school tobacco education were significantly associated with higher SHS exposure in most countries. Conclusions. West African policymakers should adopt policies consistent with Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and its guidelines and public health education to promote smoke-free households.
Keywords: passive smoking, adolescent;  Africa;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  passive smoking;  prevalence;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  Africa, Western;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302661_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Beyond health equity: Achieving wellness within American Indian and Alaska native communities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jernigan, V.B.B.
Author-Name: Peercy, M.
Author-Name: Branam, D.
Author-Name: Saunkeah, B.
Author-Name: Wharton, D.
Author-Name: Winkleby, M.
Author-Name: Lowe, J.
Author-Name: Salvatore, A.L.
Author-Name: Dickerson, D.
Author-Name: Belcourt, A.
Author-Name: D'Amico, E.
Author-Name: Patten, C.A.
Author-Name: Parker, M.
Author-Name: Duran, B.
Author-Name: Harris, R.
Author-Name: Buchwald, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S376-S379
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302447
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302447
Keywords: American Indian;  cultural anthropology;  ethnic group;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  Inuit;  national health organization;  participatory research;  public health service;  social determinants of health;  United States, Community-Based Participatory Research;  Culture;  Ethnic Groups;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Inuits;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Social Determinants of Health;  United States;  United States Indian Health Service
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302447_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association of depressive symptoms and substance use with risky sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections among African American female adolescents seeking sexual health care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jackson, J.M.
Author-Name: Seth, P.
Author-Name: DiClemente, R.J.
Author-Name: Lin, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2137-2142
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302493
Abstract: Objectives. We examined how depression and substance use interacted to predict risky sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among African American female adolescents. Methods. We measured depressive symptoms, substance use, sexual behavior, and STIs in 701 African American female adolescents, aged 14 to 20 years, at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 36 months in Atlanta, Georgia (2005?2007). We used generalized estimating equation models to examine effects over the 36-month follow-up period. Results. At baseline, more than 40% of adolescents reported significant depressive symptoms; 64% also reported substance use in the 90 days before assessment. Depression was associated with recently incarcerated partner involvement, sexual sensation seeking, unprotected sex, and prevalent STIs (all P < .001). In addition, adolescents with depressive symptoms who reported any substance use (i.e., marijuana, alcohol, Ecstasy) were more likely to report incarcerated partner involvement, sexual sensation seeking, unprotected sex, and have an incident STI over the 36-month follow-up (all P < .05). Conclusions. African American female adolescents who reported depressive symptoms and substance use weremore likely to engage in risky behavior and acquire incident STIs. This populationmight benefit from future prevention efforts targeting the intersection of depression and substance use.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  African American;  depression;  female;  Georgia;  high risk behavior;  human;  prevalence;  sexual behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  African Americans;  Depression;  Female;  Georgia;  Humans;  Prevalence;  Risk-Taking;  Sexual Behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302493_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Friends matter: Protective and harmful aspects of male friendships associated with past-year sexual aggression in a community sample of young men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jacques-Tiura, A.J.
Author-Name: Abbey, A.
Author-Name: Wegner, R.
Author-Name: Pierce, J.
Author-Name: Pegram, S.E.
Author-Name: Woerner, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1001-1007
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302472
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302472
Abstract: Objectives: We extended past research on sexual violence etiology by examining the impact of perceived pressure to have sex by any means and the types of objectifying and egalitarian language that friends used when discussing women. Methods: We examined a community sample of young single men interested in dating women (n = 423) who completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews at baseline (spring/summer 2008) and 1 year later (spring/summer 2009). We used hierarchical logistic regression analyses that controlled for baseline sexual aggression. Results: Approximately one quarter of participants (n=108) reported that they made a woman engage in some type of sexual activity during the past year when they knew she was unwilling or unable to consent. Past-year perpetrators perceived more pressure from their friends to have sex by any means, felt less comfortable with their friends making egalitarian statements about women, and used more objectifying statements when describing how their friends talked about women compared with nonperpetrators. Seventy-eight percent of men were correctly classified by these predictors. Conclusions: Men's discussions with each other about women could foster an environment that encourages or discourages sexual violence. We discussed future research and prevention implications.
Keywords: adult;  age;  friend;  human;  male;  psychology;  self report;  sexual crime;  socioeconomics;  young adult, Adult;  Age Factors;  Friends;  Humans;  Male;  Self Report;  Sex Offenses;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302472_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Posttraumatic stress disorder and incident heart failure among a community-based sample of US veterans
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roy, S.S.
Author-Name: Foraker, R.E.
Author-Name: Girton, R.A.
Author-Name: Mansfield, A.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 757-763
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302342
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302342
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and incident heart failure in a community-based sample of veterans. Methods. We examined Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System outpatient medical records for 8248 veterans between 2005 and 2012. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the development of heart failure by PTSD status. Results. Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, veterans with PTSD were at increased risk for developing heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.92) compared with veterans without PTSD after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, body mass index, combat service, and military service period. Additional predictors for heart failure included age (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.07), diabetes (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.20), hypertension (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.46), overweight (HR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.36), obesity (HR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.50, 4.70), and combat service (HR = 4.99; 95% CI = 1.29, 19.38). Conclusions. Ours is the first large-scale longitudinal study to report an association between PTSD and incident heart failure in an outpatient sample of US veterans. Prevention and treatment efforts for heart failure and its associated risk factors should be expanded among US veterans with PTSD. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: age;  aged;  ancestry group;  comorbidity;  female;  heart failure;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  Pacific islands;  risk factor;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  time;  United States;  very elderly;  veteran, Age Factors;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Comorbidity;  Continental Population Groups;  Female;  Heart Failure;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Pacific Islands;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  Time Factors;  United States;  Veterans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302342_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The refugee crisis in the middle east and public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Author-Name: Benjamin, G.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2405-2406
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302929
Keywords: human;  Middle East;  public health;  refugee;  Syrian Arab Republic;  warfare, Humans;  Middle East;  Public Health;  Refugees;  Syria;  Warfare
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302929_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dutch cycling: Quantifying the health and related economic benefits
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fishman, E.
Author-Name: Schepers, P.
Author-Name: Kamphuis, C.B.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e13-e15
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302724
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302724
Abstract: The Netherlands is well known for their high bicycle use. We used the Health Economic Assessment Tool and life table calculations to quantify the population-level health benefits from Dutch cycling levels. Cycling prevents about 6500 deaths each year, and Dutch people have half-a-year-longer life expectancy because of cycling. These health benefits correspond to more than 3% of the Dutch gross domestic product. Our study confirmed that investments in bicycle-promoting policies (e.g., improved bicycle infrastructure and facilities) will likely yield a high cost-benefit ratio in the long term. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  cost control;  cycling;  economics;  epidemiology;  health care policy;  health economics;  health status;  human;  life expectancy;  middle aged;  mortality;  Netherlands;  physiology;  statistics and numerical data;  very elderly;  young adult, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Bicycling;  Cost Savings;  Economics, Medical;  Health Policy;  Health Status;  Humans;  Life Expectancy;  Middle Aged;  Mortality;  Netherlands;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302724_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Health at Every Size paradigm and obesity: Missing empirical evidence may help push the reframing obesity debate forward
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Penney, T.L.
Author-Name: Kirk, S.F.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e38-e42
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302552
Abstract: A Health at Every Size (HAES) approach has been proposed to address weight bias and stigma in individuals living with obesity, and more recently articulated as a promising public health approach beyond the prevailing focus on weight status as a health outcome. The purpose of this article is to examine our understanding of HAES within the context of public health approaches to obesity, and to present strengths and limitations of the available evidence. Advancing our understanding of HAES from a public health perspective requires us to move beyond an ideological debate and give greater attention to the need for empirical studies across a range of populations. Only then can the value of HAES, as a weight-neutral, public health approach for the prevention of obesity and other chronic diseases, be fully understood.
Keywords: body image;  body weight;  health behavior;  health promotion;  health status;  human;  lifestyle;  obesity;  organization and management;  psychology;  social stigma, Body Image;  Body Weight;  Health Behavior;  Health Promotion;  Health Status;  Humans;  Life Style;  Obesity;  Social Stigma
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302552_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in racial/ethnic groups at high risk for lung cancer
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fagan, P.
Author-Name: Moolchan, E.T.
Author-Name: Pokhrel, P.
Author-Name: Herzog, T.
Author-Name: Cassel, K.D.
Author-Name: Pagano, I.
Author-Name: Franke, A.A.
Author-Name: Kaholokula, J.K.
Author-Name: Sy, A.
Author-Name: Alexander, L.A.
Author-Name: Trinidad, D.R.
Author-Name: Sakuma, K.-L.
Author-Name: Johnson, C.A.
Author-Name: Antonio, A.
Author-Name: Jorgensen, D.
Author-Name: Lynch, T.
Author-Name: Kawamoto, C.
Author-Name: Clanton, M.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1237-1245
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302492
Abstract: Objectives. We examined biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, and Whites, groups that have different lung cancer risk. Methods. We collected survey data and height, weight, saliva, and carbon monoxide (CO) levels from a sample of daily smokers aged 18-35 (n = 179). Mean measures of nicotine, cotinine, cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, trans 3′ hydroxycotinine, the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), and expired CO were compared among racial/ethnic groups. Results. The geometric means for cotinine, the cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, and CO did not significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in the adjusted models. After adjusting for gender, body mass index, menthol smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and number of cigarettes smoked per day, the NMR was significantly higher among Whites than among Native Hawaiians and Filipinos (NMR = 0.33, 0.20, 0.19, P ≤ .001). The NMR increased with increasing White parental ancestry. The NMR was not significantly correlated with social-environmental stressors. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic groups with higher rates of lung cancer had slower nicotine metabolism than Whites. The complex relationship between lung cancer risk and nicotine metabolism among racial/ethnic groups needs further clarification. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: biological marker;  cotinine;  hydroxycotinine;  nicotine, adolescent;  adult;  adverse effects;  analogs and derivatives;  Caucasian;  chemistry;  ethnology;  female;  human;  Lung Neoplasms;  male;  mass spectrometry;  Oceanic ancestry group;  Philippines;  risk;  saliva;  smoking;  translational research;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Biomarkers;  Cotinine;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Hawaii;  Humans;  Lung Neoplasms;  Male;  Mass Spectrometry;  Nicotine;  Oceanic Ancestry Group;  Philippines;  Risk;  Saliva;  Smoking;  Translational Medical Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302492_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of particulate matter and antioxidant dietary intake on blood pressure
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schulz, A.J.
Author-Name: Mentz, G.B.
Author-Name: Sampson, N.R.
Author-Name: Dvonch, J.T.
Author-Name: Reyes, A.G.
Author-Name: Izumi, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1254-1561
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302176
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302176
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed 2 pathways through which dietary antioxidants may counter adverse effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM<inf>2.5</inf>) on blood pressure (BP): main (compensatory) and modifying (protective) models. Methods. We used 2002 to 2003 data from the Detroit Healthy Environments Partnership community survey conducted with a multiethnic sample of adults (n = 347) in low- to moderate-income, predominantly Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan. We used generalized estimating equations to test the effects of ambient exposure to PM<inf>2.5</inf> and dietary antioxidant intake on BP, with adjustment for multiple confounders. Results. Dietary antioxidant intake was inversely associated with systolic BP (b = -0.5; P < .05) and pulse pressure (b = -0.6; P < .05) in neighborhoods closest to major sources of air pollutants. Adverse effects of PM<inf>2.5</inf> remained significant after accounting for antioxidant intakes. Exploratory analyses suggested potential modifying effects of antioxidant intake on associations between ambient PM<inf>2.5</inf> exposure and BP. Conclusions. Interventions to improve access to antioxidant-rich foods in polluted urban areas may be protective of cardiovascular health. However, efforts to reduce PM<inf>2.5</inf> exposure remain critical for cardiovascular health promotion. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: air pollutant;  antioxidant;  particulate matter, adverse effects;  air pollutant;  analysis;  blood pressure;  diet;  female;  human;  male;  participatory research;  particulate matter;  questionnaire;  United States;  urban population;  young adult, Air Pollutants;  Antioxidants;  Blood Pressure;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Diet;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Michigan;  Particulate Matter;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Urban Population;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302176_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Neighborhood contributions to racial and ethnic disparities in obesity among New York City adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lim, S.
Author-Name: Harris, T.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 159-165
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301782
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed neighborhood confounding on racial/ethnic obesity disparities among adults in New York City after accounting for complex sampling, and how much neighborhood factors (walkability, percentage Black or Hispanic, poverty) contributed to this effect. Methods: We combined New York City Community Health Survey 2002-2004 data with Census 2000 zip code-level data. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for obesity with 2 sets of regression analyses. First, we used the method incorporating the conditional pseudolikelihood into complex sample adjustment. Second, we compared ORs for race/ethnicity from a conventional multilevel model for each neighborhood factor with those from a hybrid fixed-effect model. Results: The weighted estimate for obesity for Blacks versus Whites (OR = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.6, 2.0) was attenuated when we controlled neighborhood confounding (OR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 1.6; first analysis). Percentage of Blacks in the neighborhood made a large contribution whereas the walkability contribution was minimal (second analysis). Conclusions: Percentage of Blacks in New York City neighborhoods explained a large portion of the disparity in obesity between Blacks and Whites. The study highlights the importance of estimating valid neighborhood effects for public health surveillance and intervention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301782_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lack of healthier food alternatives can compromise inmate health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Firth, C.L.
Author-Name: Drach, L.
Author-Name: Maher, J.E.
Author-Name: Peters, C.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e4-e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302666
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302666
Keywords: catering service;  human;  statistics and numerical data, Food Supply;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302666_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Inadequate hydration or normal body fluid homeostasis?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hew-Butler, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e5-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302825
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302825
Keywords: body fluid;  homeostasis;  human, Body Fluids;  Homeostasis;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302825_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cognitive dissonance in the early thirties: The league of nations health organization confronts the worldwide economic depression
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, T.M.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 65
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302063
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302063
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302063_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community water fluoridation and intelligence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grandjean, P.
Author-Name: Choi, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302532
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302532
Keywords: adverse effects;  drug effects;  fluoridation;  human;  intelligence, Fluoridation;  Humans;  Intelligence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302532_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hidden farmworker labor camps in North Carolina: An indicator of structural vulnerability
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Summers, P.
Author-Name: Quandt, S.A.
Author-Name: Talton, J.W.
Author-Name: Galván, L.
Author-Name: Arcury, T.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2570-2575
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302797
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302797
Abstract: Objectives. We used geographic information systems (GIS) to delineate whether farmworker labor camps were hidden and to determine whether hidden camps differed from visible camps in terms of physical and resident characteristics. Methods. We collected data using observation, interview, and public domain GIS data for 180 farmworker labor camps in east central North Carolina. A hidden camp was defined as one that was at least 0.15 miles from an all-weather road or located behind natural or manufactured objects. Hidden camps were compared with visible camps in terms of physical and resident characteristics. Results. More than one third (37.8%) of the farmworker labor camps were hidden. Hidden camps were significantly larger (42.7% vs 17.0% with 21 or more residents; P ≤ .001; and 29.4% vs 13.5% with 3 or more dwellings; P = .002) and were more likely to include barracks (50% vs 19.6%; P ≤ .001) than were visible camps. Conclusions. Poor housing conditions in farmworker labor camps often go unnoticed because they are hidden in the rural landscape, increasing farmworker vulnerability. Policies that promote greater community engagement with farmworker labor camp residents to reduce structural vulnerability should be considered.
Keywords: agriculture;  epidemiology;  geographic information system;  housing;  human;  manpower;  migration;  North Carolina;  statistics and numerical data, Agriculture;  Geographic Information Systems;  Housing;  Humans;  North Carolina;  Transients and Migrants
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302797_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social network diagramming as an applied tool for public health: Lessons learned from an HCV cluster
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grande, K.M.
Author-Name: Stanley, M.
Author-Name: Redo, C.
Author-Name: Wergin, A.
Author-Name: Guilfoyle, S.
Author-Name: Gasiorowicz, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1611-1616
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302193
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302193
Abstract: Objectives. We present an applied example of social network diagramming from 2010 to 2012 that was used to guide follow-up in a large HCV cluster in rural Wisconsin. Methods. In addition to collecting standard individual-level attributes, we also obtained partner-level information. Both sets of data were input into a network diagramming program to create a series of diagrams that emphasized variables, such as risk factors, key location in the network, and number of partners. Results. The visualization and cluster analysis guided testing and intervention priorities, were useful in sharing de-identified information about the cluster between health departments and community organizations and illustrated the key role young females played in holding the cluster together. Conclusions. Social network diagramming should be considered a practical and important public health tool for use in cluster management. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  cluster analysis;  epidemic;  female;  hepatitis C;  human;  male;  procedures;  public health;  rural population;  social support;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  transmission;  unsafe sex;  Wisconsin;  young adult, Adult;  Cluster Analysis;  Disease Outbreaks;  Female;  Hepatitis C;  Humans;  Male;  Public Health;  Rural Population;  Social Support;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Unsafe Sex;  Wisconsin;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302193_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Oregon Public Health Policy Institute: Building competencies for public health practice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Luck, J.
Author-Name: Yoon, J.
Author-Name: Bernell, S.
Author-Name: Tynan, M.
Author-Name: Alvarado, C.S.
Author-Name: Eversole, T.
Author-Name: Mosbaek, C.
Author-Name: Beathard, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1537-1543
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302677
Abstract: The Oregon Public Health Policy Institute (PHPI) was designed to enhance public health policy competencies among state and local health department staff. The Oregon Health Authority funded the College of Public Health and Human Sciences at Oregon State University to develop the PHPI curriculum in 2012 and offer it to participants from 4 state public health programs and 5 local health departments in 2013. The curriculum interspersed short instructional sessions on policy development, implementation, and evaluation with longer hands-on team exercises in which participants applied these skills to policy topics their teams had selected. Panel discussions provided insights from legislators and senior Oregon health experts. Participants reported statistically significant increases in public health policy competencies and high satisfaction with PHPI overall. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: curriculum;  education;  human;  Oregon;  organization;  public health;  public health service;  standards, Academies and Institutes;  Curriculum;  Humans;  Oregon;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302677_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The university of illinois at chicago school of public health doctor of public health program: An innovative approach to doctoral-level practice leadership development
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lenihan, P.
Author-Name: Welter, C.
Author-Name: Brandt-Rauf, P.
Author-Name: Neuberger, B.
Author-Name: Pinsker, E.
Author-Name: Petros, M.
Author-Name: Risley, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S55-S59
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302331
Abstract: The University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Doctor of Public Health degree is designed to build leadership skills and an ability to contribute to the evidence base of practice. The competency-based, distance-format, doctorallevel program for midcareer professionals features an action learning approach in which students apply leadership principles from the virtual classroom to realworld problems at their work sites. Students demonstrate mastery of the competencies and readiness to advance to the dissertation stage through completing a portfolio by using a process of systematic reflection. The ractice-oriented dissertation demonstrates the ability to contribute to the evidence base of public health practice in an area of emphasis. Preliminary evaluation data indicate that the program is meeting its intended purposes.
Keywords: academic achievement;  curriculum;  education;  human;  leadership;  organization and management;  program development;  program evaluation;  school;  United States, Chicago;  Competency-Based Education;  Education, Distance;  Education, Graduate;  Humans;  Leadership;  Program Development;  Program Evaluation;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302331_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Population health, public health, and accountable care: Emerging roles and relationships
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Costich, J.F.
Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D.
Author-Name: Ingram, R.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 846-850
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302484
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302484
Abstract: To identify roles for public health agencies (PHAs) in accountable care organizations (ACOs), along with their obstacles and facilitators, we interviewed individuals from 9 ACOs, including Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial payers. We learned that PHAs participate in ACO-like partnerships with state Medicaid agencies, but interviewees identified barriers to collaboration with Medicare and commercial ACOs, including Medicare participation requirements, membership cost, risk-bearing restrictions, data-sharing constraints, differences between medicine and public health, and ACOs' investment yield needs. Collaboration was more likely when organizations had common objectives, ACO sponsors had substantial market share, PHA representatives served on ACO advisory boards, and there were preexisting contractual relationships. ACO-PHA relationships are not as straightforward as their shared use of the term "population health" would suggest, but some ACO partnerships could give PHAs access to new revenue streams.
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cooperation;  economics;  government;  health care quality;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations;  United States, Accountable Care Organizations;  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.);  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Assurance, Health Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302484_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: If we build it, we will come: A model for community-led change to transform neighborhood conditions to support healthy eating and active living
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gavin, V.R.
Author-Name: Seeholzer, E.L.
Author-Name: Leon, J.B.
Author-Name: Chappelle, S.B.
Author-Name: Sehgal, A.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1072-1077
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302599
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302599
Abstract: Neighborhoods affect health. In 3 adjoining inner-city Cleveland, Ohio, neighborhoods, residents have an average life expectancy 15 years less than that of a nearby suburb. To address this disparity, a local health funder created the 2010 to 2013 Francis H. Beam Community Health Fellowship to develop a strategic community engagement process to establish a Healthy Eating & Active Living (HEAL) culture and lifestyle in the neighborhoods. The fellow developed and advanced a model, engaging the community in establishing HEAL options and culture. Residents used the model to identify a shared vision for HEAL and collaborated with community partners to create and sustain innovative HEAL opportunities. This community-led, collaborative model produced high engagement levels (15% of targeted 12 000 residents) and tangible improvements in the neighborhood's physical, resource, and social environments. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: city;  community care;  consumer;  cultural anthropology;  demography;  diet;  environmental planning;  female;  financial management;  health behavior;  health disparity;  health promotion;  human;  male;  motor activity;  nonbiological model;  organization and management;  poverty;  program development;  program evaluation;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Cities;  Community Networks;  Consumer Participation;  Culture;  Diet;  Environment Design;  Female;  Financing, Organized;  Health Behavior;  Health Promotion;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Models, Organizational;  Motor Activity;  Ohio;  Poverty Areas;  Program Development;  Program Evaluation;  Residence Characteristics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302599_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mortality risks among persons reporting same-sex sexual partners: Evidence from the 2008 general social survey-national death index data set
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cochran, S.D.
Author-Name: Mays, V.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 358-364
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301974
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the possibility that men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW) may be at higher risk for early mortality associated with suicide and other sexual orientation-associated health risks. Methods. We used data from the 1988-2002 General Social Surveys, with respondents followed up for mortality status as of December 31, 2008. The surveys included 17 886 persons aged 18 years or older, who reported at least 1 lifetime sexual partner. Of these, 853 reported any same-sex partners; 17 033 reported only different-sex partners. Using gender-stratified analyses, we compared these 2 groups for all-cause mortality and HIV-, suicide-, and breast cancer-related mortality. Results. The WSW evidenced greater risk for suicide mortality than presumptively heterosexual women, but there was no evidence of similar sexual orientation-associated risk among men. All-cause mortality did not appear to differ by sexual orientation among either women or men. HIV-related deaths were not elevated among MSM or breast cancer deaths among WSW. Conclusions. The elevated suicide mortality risk observed among WSW partially confirms public health concerns that sexual minorities experience greater burden from suicide-related mortality.
Keywords: adult;  epidemiology;  female;  health status;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  middle aged;  mortality;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States, Adult;  Female;  Health Status;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Mortality;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Suicide;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301974_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Defining and assessing quality improvement outcomes: A framework for public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McLees, A.W.
Author-Name: Nawaz, S.
Author-Name: Thomas, C.
Author-Name: Young, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S167-S173
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302533
Abstract: We describe an evidencebased framework to define and assess the impact of quality improvement (QI) in public health. Developed to address programmatic and researchidentified eeds for articulating the value of public health QI in aggregate, this framework proposes a standardized set of measures to monitor and improve he efficiency and effectiveness of public health programs and operations. We reviewed the scientific literature and analyzed QI initiatives implemented through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National PublicHealth Improvement Initiative to inform the selection of 5 efficiency and 8 effectiveness measures. This framework provides a model for identifying the types of improvement outcomes targeted by public health QI efforts and a means to understand QI's impact on the practice of public health.
Keywords: economics;  human;  organization and management;  program evaluation;  public health service;  system analysis;  total quality management;  United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Efficiency, Organizational;  Humans;  Program Evaluation;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Improvement;  Systems Analysis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302533_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mortality hazard and survival after tuberculosis treatment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Miller, T.L.
Author-Name: Wilson, F.A.
Author-Name: Pang, J.W.
Author-Name: Beavers, S.
Author-Name: Hoger, S.
Author-Name: Sharnprapai, S.
Author-Name: Pagaoa, M.
Author-Name: Katz, D.J.
Author-Name: Weis, S.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 930-937
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302431
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302431
Abstract: Objectives: We compared mortality among tuberculosis (TB) survivors and a similar population. Methods: We used local health authority records from 3 USsites toidentify 3853 persons who completed adequate treatment of TB and 7282 individuals diagnosed with latent TB infection 1993 to 2002. We then retrospectively observed mortality after 6 to 16 years of observation. We ascertained vital status as of December 31, 2008, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Death Index. We analyzed mortality rates, hazards, and associations using Cox regression. Results: We traced 11135 individuals over 119 772 person-years of observation. We found more all-cause deaths (20.7% vs 3.1%) among posttreatment TB patients than among the comparison group, an adjusted average excess of 7.6 deaths per 1000 person-years (8.8 vs 1.2; P<.001). Mortality among posttreatment TB patients varied with observable factors such as race, site of disease, HIV status, and birth country. Conclusions: Fully treated TB is still associated with substantial mortality risk. Cure as currently understood may be insufficient protection against TB-associated mortality in the years after treatment, and TB prevention may be a valuable opportunity to modify this risk.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  ancestry group;  cause of death;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  latent tuberculosis;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  public health service;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  survivor;  time;  tuberculosis;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Cause of Death;  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Continental Population Groups;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Latent Tuberculosis;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Survivors;  Time Factors;  Tuberculosis;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302431_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of a brief case management intervention linking people with HIV to oral health care: Project smile
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Metsch, L.R.
Author-Name: Pereyra, M.
Author-Name: Messinger, S.
Author-Name: Jeanty, Y.
Author-Name: Parish, C.
Author-Name: Valverde, E.
Author-Name: Cardenas, G.
Author-Name: Boza, H.
Author-Name: Tomar, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 77-84
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301871
Abstract: Objectives: Although people with HIV experience significant oral health problems, many consistently identify oral health as an unmet health care need. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a dental case management intervention on dental care use. Methods: We evaluated the intervention according to self-reported dental care use at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Multivariable logistic models with generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effects of the intervention over time. Results: The odds of having a dental care visit were about twice as high in the intervention group as in the standard care group at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 4.08) and 12 months (adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.35), but the odds were comparable in the 2 groups by 18 months (adjusted OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.62, 1.86). Factors significantly associated with having a dental care visit included frequent physician visits and dental care referrals. Conclusions: We demonstrated that a dental case management intervention targeting people with HIV was efficacious but not sustainable over time. Barriers not addressed in the intervention must be considered to sustain its use over time.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301871_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Postarrival tuberculosis screening of high-risk immigrants at a local health department
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nuzzo, J.B.
Author-Name: Golub, J.E.
Author-Name: Chaulk, P.
Author-Name: Shah, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1432-1438
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302287
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302287
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to characterize postimmigration tuberculosis (TB) care for Class B immigrants and refugees at the Baltimore City Health Department TB program (BCHD), and to determine the proportion of immigrants with active TB or latent TB infection (LTBI) in this high-risk population. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review of Class B immigrants and refugees who reported to the BCHD for postimmigration TB evaluation from 2010 to 2012. Results. We reviewed the clinical records of 153 Class B immigrants; 4% were diagnosed with active TB and 53% were diagnosed with LTBI. Fifty percent of active TB cases were culture positive, and 67% were asymptomatic; 100% received and completed active TB therapy at the BCHD. Among those diagnosed with LTBI, 87% initiated LTBI therapy and 91% completed treatment. Conclusions. The high prevalence of active TB and LTBI found among Class B immigrants underscore the importance for postarrival TB screening. The absence of reported symptoms among the majority of active cases identified during this study suggest that reliance on symptom-based screening protocols to prompt sputa testing may be inadequate for identifying active TB among this high-risk group.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  female;  human;  latent tuberculosis;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  migrant;  refugee;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Baltimore;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Humans;  Latent Tuberculosis;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Refugees;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302287_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Early childhood caries, mouth pain, and nutritional threats in Vietnam
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Khanh, L.N.
Author-Name: Ivey, S.L.
Author-Name: Sokal-Gutierrez, K.
Author-Name: Barkan, H.
Author-Name: Ngo, K.M.
Author-Name: Hoang, H.T.
Author-Name: Vuong, I.
Author-Name: Thai, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2510-2517
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302798
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302798
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the relationships among early childhood caries (ECC), mouth pain, and nutritional status in children aged 1 to 6 years in Southern and Central Vietnam. Methods. A total of 593 parent-child pairs were recruited from 5 kindergartens or preschools in Ho-Chi Minh City and Da Nang. Parents completed surveys about dietary habits, oral health practices, and children's mouth pain experience; children received anthropometric assessment and dental examinations. Results. There was a high prevalence of dental caries (74.4%), mostly untreated, and mouth pain (47.1%). Moderate correlations were found between parents' and children's consumption of soda (q = 0.361; P < .001) and salty snacks (q = 0.292; P < .001). Severity of ECC was associated with decreased weight- and body mass index-for-age z-scores. Presence of pulp-involved caries was associated with strikingly lower height-for-age (mean difference = 0.66; P = .001), weight-for-age (mean difference = 1.17; P < .001), and body mass index-for-age (mean difference = 1.18; P < .001) z-scores. Mouth pain was associated with lower body mass index-for-age z-scores (mean difference = 0.29; P = .013). Conclusions. ECC might negatively affect children's nutritional status, which might be mediated by the depth of decay, chronic inflammation, and mouth pain. Family-based and prevention-oriented nutrition and oral health programs are needed and should start during pregnancy and infancy.
Keywords: body mass;  body weight;  child;  Child Nutrition Disorders;  cross-sectional study;  dental caries;  DMF index;  feeding behavior;  female;  human;  infant;  male;  nutritional status;  preschool child;  risk factor;  Toothache;  Viet Nam, Body Mass Index;  Child;  Child Nutrition Disorders;  Child, Preschool;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Dental Caries;  DMF Index;  Female;  Food Habits;  Humans;  Infant;  Male;  Nutritional Status;  Risk Factors;  Thinness;  Toothache;  Vietnam
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302798_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reproductive justice and the pace of change: Socioeconomic trends in US Infant death rates by legal status of abortion, 1960-1980
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Author-Name: Gruskin, S.
Author-Name: Singh, N.
Author-Name: Kiang, M.V.
Author-Name: Chen, J.T.
Author-Name: Waterman, P.D.
Author-Name: Gottlieb, J.
Author-Name: Beckfield, J.
Author-Name: Coull, B.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 680-682
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302401
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302401
Abstract: US infant death rates for 1960 to 1980 declined most quickly in (1) 1970 to 1973 in states that legalized abortion in 1970, especially for infants in the lowest 3 income quintiles (annual percentage change =-11.6; 95% confidence interval =-18.7, -3.8), and (2) the mid-to-late 1960s, also in lowincome quintiles, for both Black and White infants, albeit unrelated to abortion laws. These results imply that research is warranted on whether currently rising restrictions on abortions may be affecting infant mortality. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: African American;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  legal abortion;  poverty;  social justice;  statistics and numerical data, Abortion, Legal;  African Americans;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  Poverty;  Social Justice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302401_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: A population-based study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Al-Delaimy, W.K.
Author-Name: Myers, M.G.
Author-Name: Leas, E.C.
Author-Name: Strong, D.R.
Author-Name: Hofstetter, C.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1213-1219
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether smokers who used e-cigarettes are more likely to quit after 1 year than smokers who had never used e-cigarettes. Methods. We surveyed California smokers (n = 1000) at 2 time points 1 year apart. We conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether history of e-cigarette use at baseline predicted quitting behavior at follow-up, adjusting for demographics and smoking behavior at baseline. We limited analyses to smokers who reported consistent e-cigarette behavior at baseline and follow-up. Results. Compared with smokers who never used e-cigarettes, smokers who ever used e-cigarettes were significantly less likely to decrease cigarette consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.87), and significantly less likely to quit for 30 days or more at follow-up (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.93). Ever-users of e-cigarettes were more likely to report a quit attempt, although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.97). Conclusions. Smokers who have used e-cigarettes may be at increased risk for not being able to quit smoking. These findings, which need to be confirmed by longer-term cohort studies, have important policy and regulation implications regarding the use of e-cigarettes among smokers. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: electronic cigarette, adolescent;  adult;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  interview;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  risk;  smoking cessation;  United States;  utilization, Adolescent;  Adult;  California;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Electronic Cigarettes;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk;  Smoking Cessation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of local immigration enforcement policies on the health of immigrant Hispanics/Latinos in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rhodes, S.D.
Author-Name: Mann, L.
Author-Name: Simán, F.M.
Author-Name: Song, E.
Author-Name: Alonzo, J.
Author-Name: Downs, M.
Author-Name: Lawlor, E.
Author-Name: Martinez, O.
Author-Name: Sun, C.J.
Author-Name: O'Brien, M.C.
Author-Name: Reboussin, B.A.
Author-Name: Hall, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 329-337
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302218
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to understand how local immigration enforcement policies affect the utilization of health services among immigrant Hispanics/ Latinos in North Carolina. Methods. In 2012, we analyzed vital records data to determine whether local implementation of section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act and the Secure Communities program, which authorizes local law enforcement agencies to enforce federal immigration laws, affected the prenatal care utilization of Hispanics/Latinas. We also conducted 6 focus groups and 17 interviews with Hispanic/Latino persons across North Carolina to explore the impact of immigration policies on their utilization of health services. Results. We found no significant differences in utilization of prenatal care before and after implementation of section 287(g), but we did find that, in individual-level analysis, Hispanic/Latina mothers sought prenatal care later and had inadequate care when compared with non-Hispanic/Latina mothers. Participants reported profound mistrust of health services, avoiding health services, and sacrificing their health and the health of their family members. Conclusions. Fear of immigration enforcement policies is generalized across counties. Interventions are needed to increase immigrant Hispanics/Latinos' understanding of their rights and eligibility to utilize health services. Policy-level initiatives are also needed (e.g., driver's licenses) to help undocumented persons access and utilize these services.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  epidemiology;  health service;  health status;  Hispanic;  human;  information processing;  interview;  law enforcement;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  migrant;  migration;  policy;  prenatal care;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  utilization;  very elderly;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Emigration and Immigration;  Focus Groups;  Health Services;  Health Status;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Law Enforcement;  Male;  Middle Aged;  North Carolina;  Prenatal Care;  Public Policy;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302218_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Engaging law enforcement in overdose reversal initiatives: Authorization and liability for naloxone administration
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Davis, C.S.
Author-Name: Carr, D.
Author-Name: Southwell, J.K.
Author-Name: Beletsky, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1530-1537
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302638
Abstract: Opioid overdose is reversible through the timely administration of naloxone, which has been used by emergency medical services for decades. Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are often the first emergency responders to arrive at an overdose, but they are not typically equipped with naloxone. This is rapidly changing; more than 220 law enforcement agencies in 24 states now carry naloxone. However, rollout in some departments has been hampered by concerns regarding officer and agency liability. We systematically examined the legal risk associated with LEO naloxone administration. LEOs can be authorized to administer naloxone through a variety of mechanisms, and liability risks related to naloxone administration are similar to or lower than those of other activities in which LEOs commonly engage. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: naloxone;  narcotic antagonist, drug overdose;  human;  legal liability;  legislation and jurisprudence;  police;  United States, Drug Overdose;  Humans;  Liability, Legal;  Naloxone;  Narcotic Antagonists;  Police;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302638_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Diverging trends in the incidence of occupational and nonoccupational injury in Ontario, 2004-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chambers, A.
Author-Name: Ibrahim, S.
Author-Name: Etches, J.
Author-Name: Mustard, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 338-343
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302223
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302223
Abstract: Objectives. We describe trends in occupational and nonoccupational injury among working-age adults in Ontario. Methods. We conducted an observational study of adults aged 15 to 64 over the period 2004 through 2011, estimating the incidence of occupational and nonoccupational injury from emergency department (ED) records and, separately, from survey responses to 5 waves of a national health interview survey. Results. Over the observation period, the annual percentage change (APC) in the incidence of work-related injury was -5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -7.3, -4.6) in ED records and -7.4% (95% CI = -11.1, -3.5) among survey participants. In contrast, the APC in the incidence of nonoccupational injury was -0.3% (95% CI = -0.4, 0.0) in ED records and 1.0% (95% CI = 0.4, 1.6) among survey participants. Among working-age adults, the percentage of all injuries attributed to work exposures declined from 20.0% in 2004 to 15.2% in 2011 in ED records and from 27.7% in 2001 to 16.9% in 2010 among survey participants. Conclusions. Among working-age adults in Ontario, nearly all of the observed decline in injury incidence over the period 2004 through 2011 is attributed to reductions in occupational injury.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  emergency health service;  health survey;  human;  incidence;  middle aged;  Occupational Injuries;  Ontario;  statistics and numerical data;  Wounds and Injuries;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Incidence;  Middle Aged;  Occupational Injuries;  Ontario;  Wounds and Injuries;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302223_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health equity and unmet dental care needs in a population-based sample: Findings from the survey of the health of Wisconsin
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Malecki, K.
Author-Name: Wisk, L.E.
Author-Name: Walsh, M.
Author-Name: McWilliams, C.
Author-Name: Eggers, S.
Author-Name: Olson, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S466-S474
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302338
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302338
Abstract: Objectives. We used objective oral health screening and survey data to explore individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors of oral health status in a statewide population of adults. Methods. We examined oral health status in a sample of 1453 adult Wisconsin residents who participated in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin Oral Health Screening project, conducted with the Wisconsin Department of Health Services during 2010. Results. We found significant disparities in oral health status across all individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors. More than 15% of participants had untreated cavities, and 20% did not receive needed oral health care. Individuals who self-reported unmet need for dental care were 4 times as likely to have untreated cavities as were those who did not report such a need, after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Conclusions. Our results suggested that costs were a primary predictor of access to care and poor oral health status. The results underscored the role that primary care, in conjunction with dental health care providers, could play in promoting oral health care, particularly in reducing barriers (e.g., the costs associated with unmet dental care) and promoting preventive health behaviors (e.g., teeth brushing).
Keywords: adult;  dental procedure;  female;  health;  health care delivery;  health disparity;  health service;  health survey;  human;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  United States, Adult;  Dental Care;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Oral Health;  Wisconsin
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302338_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Self-help for weight loss in overweight and obese adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hartmann-Boyce, J.
Author-Name: Jebb, S.A.
Author-Name: Fletcher, B.R.
Author-Name: Aveyard, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e43-e57
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302389
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302389
Abstract: We conducted a systematicreviewandmeta-analysis investigating the components and effectiveness of self-help weight-lossinterventionsand their applicability to lessadvantaged populations.
Keywords: adult;  bibliographic database;  consumer health information;  economics;  female;  human;  male;  meta analysis;  middle aged;  obesity;  organization and management;  physiology;  procedures;  program evaluation;  randomized controlled trial (topic);  self care;  self help;  socioeconomics;  weight reduction, Adult;  Consumer Health Information;  Databases, Bibliographic;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Obesity;  Program Evaluation;  Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;  Self Care;  Self-Help Groups;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Weight Loss;  Weight Reduction Programs
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302389_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health education reform in the context of health professions education reform
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Thibault, G.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S8-S10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302407
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302407
Keywords: curriculum;  educational model;  educational technology;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  leadership;  medical education, Competency-Based Education;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Educational Technology;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Leadership;  Models, Educational
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302407_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Determining chronic disease prevalence in local populations using emergency department surveillance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, D.C.
Author-Name: Long, J.A.
Author-Name: Wall, S.P.
Author-Name: Carr, B.G.
Author-Name: Satchell, S.N.
Author-Name: Braithwaite, R.S.
Author-Name: Elbel, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e67-e74
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302679
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302679
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to improve public health surveillance by using a geographic analysis of emergency department (ED) visits to determine local chronic disease prevalence. Methods. Using an all-payer administrative database, we determined the proportion of unique ED patients with diabetes, hypertension, or asthma. We compared these rates to those determined by the New York City Community Health Survey. For diabetes prevalence, we also analyzed the fidelity of longitudinal estimates using logistic regression and determined disease burden within census tracts using geocoded addresses. Results. We identified 4.4 million unique New York City adults visiting an ED between 2009 and 2012.Whenwe compared our emergency sample to survey data, rates of neighborhood diabetes, hypertension, and asthma prevalence were similar (correlation coefficient = 0.86, 0.88, and 0.77, respectively). In addition, our method demonstrated less year-to-year scatter and identified significant variation of disease burden within neighborhoods among census tracts. Conclusions. Our method for determining chronic disease prevalence correlates with a validated health survey and may have higher reliability over time and greater granularity at a local level. Our findings can improve public health surveillance by identifying local variation of disease prevalence.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  asthma;  chronic disease;  cluster analysis;  demography;  diabetes mellitus;  emergency health service;  female;  health survey;  human;  hypertension;  insurance;  male;  middle aged;  prevalence;  procedures;  reproducibility;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Asthma;  Chronic Disease;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Female;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Insurance Claim Review;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Population Surveillance;  Prevalence;  Reproducibility of Results;  Residence Characteristics;  Small-Area Analysis;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302679_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How stigma surrounding the use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis undermines prevention and pleasure: A call to destigmatize "truvada whores"
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Calabrese, S.K.
Author-Name: Underhill, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1960-1964
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302816
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302816
Abstract: Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP; emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [Truvada]) prevents HIV without penalizing sexual pleasure, and may even enhance pleasure (e.g., by reducing HIV-relatedanxiety). However, concern about sexual risk behavior increasing with PrEP use (risk compensation) and corresponding stereotypes of promiscuity may undermine PrEP's preventive potential. In this commentary, we review literature on sexual behavior change accompanying PrEP use, discuss risk compensation concerns and the "Truvadawhore" stereotype as PrEP barriers, question the appropriateness of restricting PrEP access because of risk compensation, and consider sexual pleasure as a benefit of PrEP,an acceptable motive for seeking PrEP, and a core element of health. It is essential for science to trump stereotypes and sexnegative messaging in guiding decision-making affecting PrEP access and uptake.
Keywords: anti human immunodeficiency virus agent;  emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil, female;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  pleasure;  pre-exposure prophylaxis;  sexual behavior;  social stigma;  stereotyping, Anti-HIV Agents;  Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Pleasure;  Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis;  Sexual Behavior;  Social Stigma;  Stereotyping
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302816_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Higher price, fewer packs: Evaluating a tobacco tax increase with cigarette sales data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Amato, M.S.
Author-Name: Boyle, R.G.
Author-Name: Brock, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e5-e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302438
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302438
Abstract: In 2013, Minnesota increased cigarette taxes by $1.75, the largest US state increase since 2000.
Keywords: commercial phenomena;  economics;  human;  prevention and control;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  tax;  tobacco;  United States, Commerce;  Humans;  Minnesota;  Smoking;  Taxes;  Tobacco Products;  Wisconsin
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302438_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Opportunities for public health to increase physical activity among youths
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Piercy, K.L.
Author-Name: Dorn, J.M.
Author-Name: Fulton, J.E.
Author-Name: Janz, K.F.
Author-Name: Lee, S.M.
Author-Name: McKinnon, R.A.
Author-Name: Pate, R.R.
Author-Name: Pfeiffer, K.A.
Author-Name: Young, D.R.
Author-Name: Troiano, R.P.
Author-Name: Lavizzo-Mourey, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 421-426
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302325
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302325
Abstract: Despite the well-known benefits of youths engaging in 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, physical inactivity remains a significant public health concern. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) provides recommendations on the amount of physical activity needed for overall health; the PAG Midcourse Report (2013) describes effective strategies to help youths meet these recommendations.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  child;  cycling;  day care;  environmental planning;  health promotion;  human;  motor activity;  organization and management;  physical education;  physiology;  practice guideline;  preschool child;  procedures;  public health service;  school health service;  standards;  time;  traffic and transport;  walking, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Bicycling;  Child;  Child Day Care Centers;  Child, Preschool;  Environment Design;  Guidelines as Topic;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Motor Activity;  Physical Education and Training;  Public Health Practice;  School Health Services;  Time Factors;  Transportation;  Walking
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302325_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Patient characteristics associated with smoking cessation interventions and quit attempt rates across 10 community health centers with electronic health records
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Silfen, S.L.
Author-Name: Cha, J.
Author-Name: Wang, J.J.
Author-Name: Land, T.G.
Author-Name: Shih, S.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2143-2149
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302444
Abstract: Objectives. We used electronic health record (EHR) data to determine rates and patient characteristics in offering cessation interventions (counseling, medications, or referral) and initiating quit attempts. Methods. Ten community health centers in New York City contributed 30 months of de-identified patient data from their EHRs. Results. Of 302 940 patients, 40% had smoking status recorded and only 34% of documented current smokers received an intervention. Women and younger patients were less likely to have their smoking status documented or to receive an intervention. Patients with comorbidities that are exacerbated by smoking were more likely to have status documented (82.2%) and to receive an intervention (52.1%), especially medication (10.8%). Medication, either alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.3) or combined with counseling (OR= 1.8; 95%CI = 1.5, 2.3), was associated with higher quit attempts compared with no intervention. Conclusions. Data fromEHRs demonstrated underdocumentation of smoking status and missed opportunities for cessation interventions. Use of data from EHRs can facilitate quality improvement efforts to increase screening and intervention delivery, with the potential to improve smoking cessation rates.
Keywords: amfebutamone;  dopamine uptake inhibitor;  nicotine gum, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  clinical trial;  comorbidity;  counseling;  electronic medical record;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  patient referral;  pilot study;  procedures;  smoking cessation;  treatment outcome;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Bupropion;  Comorbidity;  Counseling;  Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors;  Electronic Health Records;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Pilot Projects;  Referral and Consultation;  Smoking Cessation;  Tobacco Use Cessation Products;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302444_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Discrimination and cumulative disease damage among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chae, D.H.
Author-Name: Drenkard, C.M.
Author-Name: Lewis, T.T.
Author-Name: Lim, S.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2099-2107
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302727
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between unfair treatment, attributions of unfair treatment to racial discrimination, and cumulative disease damage among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. We used multivariable regression models to examine SLE damage among 578 African American women in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, recruited to the Georgians Organized Against Lupus cohort. Results. When we controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and healthrelated covariates, reporting any unfair treatment was associated with greater SLE damage compared with reporting no unfair treatment (b = 0.55; 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.97). In general, unfair treatment attributed to nonracial factors was more strongly associated with SLE damage than was unfair treatment attributed to racial discrimination, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Unfair treatment may contribute to worse disease outcomes among African American women with SLE. Unfair treatment attributed to nonracial causes may have a more pronounced negative effect on SLE damage. Future research may further examine possible differences in the effect of unfair treatment by attribution.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  aged;  ethnology;  female;  Georgia;  human;  middle aged;  prejudice;  psychology;  questionnaire;  register;  risk factor;  systemic lupus erythematosus, Adult;  African Americans;  Aged;  Female;  Georgia;  Humans;  Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic;  Middle Aged;  Prejudice;  Registries;  Risk Factors;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302727_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The myth regarding the high cost of end-of-life care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aldridge, M.D.
Author-Name: Kelley, A.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2411-2415
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302889
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302889
Abstract: Health care reform debate in the United States is largely focused on the highly concentrated health care costs among a small proportion of the population and policy proposals to identify and target this "high-cost" group. To better understand this population, we conducted an analysis for the Institute of Medicine Committee on Approaching Death using existing national data sets, peer-reviewed literature, and published reports. We estimated that in 2011, among those with the highest costs, only 11% were in their last year of life, and approximately13% of the $ 1.6 trillion spenton personal healthcare costs in the United States was devoted to care of individuals in their last year of life. Public health interventions to reduce health care costs should target those with long-term chronic conditions and functional limitations.
Keywords: chronic disease;  cost control;  economics;  health care cost;  health care policy;  human;  procedures;  statistics and numerical data;  terminal care;  total quality management;  United States, Chronic Disease;  Cost Savings;  Health Care Costs;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Quality Improvement;  Terminal Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302889_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reinventing public health education for the 21st century
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fried, L.P.
Author-Name: Thibault, G.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302544
Keywords: human;  medical education;  trends, Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302544_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impacts of local health department consolidation on public health expenditures: Evidence from Ohio
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoornbeek, J.
Author-Name: Morris, M.E.
Author-Name: Stefanak, M.
Author-Name: Filla, J.
Author-Name: Prodhan, R.
Author-Name: Smith, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S174-S180
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302450
Abstract: We examined the effects of local health department (LHD) consolidations on the total and administrative expenditures of LHDs in Ohio from 2001 to 2011. We obtained data from annual records maintained by the state of Ohio and through interviews conducted with senior local health officials and identified 20 consolidations of LHDs occurring in Ohio in this time period. We found that consolidating LHDs experienced a reduction in total expenditures of approximately 16%(P=.017), although we found no statistically ignificant change in administrative expenses. County health officials who were interviewed concurred that their consolidations yielded financial benefits, and they also asserted that their consolidations yielded public health service improvements.
Keywords: cost;  economics;  government;  health care cost;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Costs and Cost Analysis;  Efficiency, Organizational;  Health Expenditures;  Humans;  Local Government;  Ohio;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302450_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Equipping the physician assistant workforce to end oral health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lord, C.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302632
Keywords: dental procedure;  education;  health;  health care delivery;  health care personnel;  human;  public relations;  standards, Dental Health Services;  Health Personnel;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Interprofessional Relations;  Oral Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302632_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: A population-based study (American Journal of Public Health (2015) 105:6 (1213-1219) DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Al-Delaimy, W.K.
Author-Name: Myers, M.G.
Author-Name: Leas, E.C.
Author-Name: Strong, D.R.
Author-Name: Hofstetter, C.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482e_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Development and implementation of client-centered nutrition education programs in a 4-stage framework
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Isbell, M.G.
Author-Name: Seth, J.G.
Author-Name: Atwood, R.D.
Author-Name: Ray, T.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e65-e70
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302512
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302512
Abstract: The Texas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) sought to engage the WIC staff and community in the implementation of relevant and effective client-centered nutrition education. The program was implemented in a 4-stage framework. The collaborative process of developing client-centered nutrition education allowed members to learn from one another, thus ensuring commitment to client-centered nutrition education from all levels of staff. The co-created materials and trainings developed during the implementation played a key role. Evaluation feedback started at the infancy of implementation and gave all community members a stake in developing client-centered nutrition education and an opportunity to be invested in its success, which led to increased execution at the local agency level over the implementation stages. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: diet;  food assistance;  health education;  human;  in service training;  interpersonal communication;  organization and management;  procedures;  program evaluation;  public relations;  quality control;  United States, Communication;  Diet;  Food Assistance;  Health Education;  Humans;  Inservice Training;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Program Evaluation;  Quality Control;  Texas
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302512_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Keeping the public in schools of public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Freudenberg, N.
Author-Name: Klitzman, S.
Author-Name: Diamond, C.
Author-Name: El-Mohandes, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S119-S124
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302534
Abstract: In this article, we compared the characteristics of public and private accredited public health training programs. We analyzed the distinct opportunities and challenges that publicly funded schools of public health face in preparing the nation's public health workforce. Using our experience in creating a new, collaborative public school of public health in the nation's largest urban public university system, we described efforts to use our public status and mission to develop new approaches to educating a workforce that meets the health needs of our region and contributes to the goal of reducing health inequalities. Finally, we considered policies that could protect and strengthen the distinct contributions that public schools of public health make to improving population health and reducing health inequalities.
Keywords: economics;  female;  financial management;  human;  male;  medical education;  organization;  organization and management;  policy;  school;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  United States;  university, Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Female;  Financing, Government;  Humans;  Male;  New York;  Organizational Objectives;  Public Policy;  Schools, Public Health;  Students;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302534_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Budget cuts: Friend or foe to population health collaboration?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Konchak, J.N.
Author-Name: Hitsman, B.
Author-Name: Bhatt, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302814_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public support for family smoking prevention and tobacco control act point-of-sale provisions: Results of a national study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rose, S.W.
Author-Name: Emery, S.L.
Author-Name: Ennett, S.
Author-Name: Reyes, H.L.M.
Author-Name: Scott, J.C.
Author-Name: Ribisl, K.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e60-e67
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302751
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed public and smoker support for enacted and potential point-of-sale (POS) tobacco-control policies under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Methods. We surveyed a US nationally representative sample of 17 507 respondents (6595 smokers) in January through February 2013, and used linear regression to calculate weighted point estimates and identify factors associated with support for POS policies among adults and smokers. Results. Overall, nonsmokers were more supportive than were smokers. Regardless of smoking status, African Americans, Hispanics, women, and those of older ages were more supportive than White, male, and younger respondents, respectively. Policy support varied by provision. More than 80% of respondents supported minors' access restrictions andmore than 45% supported graphic warnings. Support was lowest for plain packaging (23%), black-and-white advertising (26%), and a ban on menthol cigarettes (36%). Conclusions. Public support for marketing and POS provisions is low relative to other areas of tobacco control. Tobacco-control advocates and the Food and Drug Administration should build on existing levels of public support to promote and maintain evidence-based, but controversial, policy changes in the retail environment.
Keywords: adult;  family health;  female;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  marketing;  middle aged;  prevention and control;  psychology;  public opinion;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  United States, Adult;  Family Health;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Marketing;  Middle Aged;  Public Opinion;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302751_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Relation between annual trends in food pantry use and long-term unemployment in New York State, 2002-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shackman, G.
Author-Name: Yu, C.
Author-Name: Edmunds, L.S.
Author-Name: Clarke, L.
Author-Name: Sekhobo, J.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e63-e65
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302382
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302382
Abstract: We examined the correlation between trends in meals provided through food pantries and long-term unemployment from 2002 through 2012. The New York State Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program provided about 192 million meals through food pantries in 2012-double the number before the Great Recession. Annual food pantry use was strongly correlated with long-term unemployment and remained on an upward trend from 2006 through 2012, even after the Great Recession had ended. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce hunger and food insecurity should continue to be priorities.
Keywords: catering service;  economic recession;  economics;  food assistance;  human;  hunger;  regression analysis;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  unemployment;  United States;  utilization, Economic Recession;  Food Assistance;  Food Services;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Hunger;  New York;  Regression Analysis;  Unemployment
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302382_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of acculturation on variations in having a usual source of care among Asian Americans and non-Hispanic whites in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chang, E.
Author-Name: Chan, K.S.
Author-Name: Han, H.-R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 398-407
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301950
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301950
Abstract: Objectives. We examined variations in having a usual source of care (USC) among non-Hispanic White and Asian American adults in California. Methods. Data were from the 2005 and 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Using a modified Anderson model, we used multiple logistic regression to compare odds of having a USC between non-Hispanic White (n = 38 554) and Asian American adults (n = 7566) and to examine associations with acculturation factors (English proficiency, length of residence, residence in a racially concordant neighborhood) and key enabling (employment, income, insurance) and predisposing (education) factors. Results. Race-related disparities between Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Whites in having a USC were no longer significant after accounting for acculturation factors. Limited English proficiency and short time in the United States (< 5 years) were significantly associated with not having a USC for both races. Increasing levels of education and insurance were not associated with better access among Asian Americans. Conclusions. Key differences exist in how Asian American and non- Hispanic White adults access care. Acculturation factors are key drivers of disparities and should be included in access-to-care models with Asians. Insurance and education are differentially significant for Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Whites.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Asian American;  California;  Caucasian;  cultural factor;  educational status;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care survey;  health insurance;  human;  male;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Acculturation;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Asian Americans;  California;  Educational Status;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Care Surveys;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301950_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Anderson et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anderson, D.M.
Author-Name: Rees, D.I.
Author-Name: Sabia, J.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e8-e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302608
Keywords: medical cannabis, drug control;  female;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide, Drug and Narcotic Control;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Medical Marijuana;  Suicide
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302608_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Building a culture of health: A critical role for public health services and systems research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Plough, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S150-S152
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410
Keywords: cooperation;  health care delivery;  health disparity;  health services research;  health status;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations;  system analysis;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Research;  Health Status;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Interprofessional Relations;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adequate evidence to challenge the paradigm of dental caries prevention in early age?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Van Palenstein Helderman, W.H.
Author-Name: Groeneveld, A.
Author-Name: Van Der Heijden, G.J.
Author-Name: Van Loveren, C.
Author-Name: Holmgren, C.J.
Author-Name: Benzian, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e5-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302601
Keywords: dental caries;  developed country;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data, Dental Caries;  Developed Countries;  DMF Index;  Female;  Humans;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302601_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enhancing syndromic surveillance with online respondent-driven detection
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stein, M.L.
Author-Name: Van Steenbergen, J.E.
Author-Name: Buskens, V.
Author-Name: Van Der Heijden, P.G.M.
Author-Name: Koppeschaar, C.E.
Author-Name: Bengtsson, L.
Author-Name: Thorson, A.
Author-Name: Kretzschmar, M.E.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e90-e97
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302717
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302717
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the feasibility of combining an online chain recruitment method (respondent-driven detection) and participatory surveillance panels to collect previously undetected information on infectious diseases via social networks of participants. Methods. In 2014, volunteers from 2 large panels in the Netherlands were invited to complete a survey focusing on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and to invite 4 individuals they had met in the preceding 2 weeks to take part in the study. We compared sociodemographic characteristics among panel participants, individuals who volunteered for our survey, and individuals recruited via respondent-driven detection. Results. Starting from 1015 panel members, the survey spread through all provinces of the Netherlands and all age groups in 83 days. A total of 433 individuals completed the survey via peer recruitment. Participants who reported symptoms were 6.1% (95% confidence interval = 5.4, 6.9) more likely to invite contact persons than were participants who did not report symptoms. Participants with symptoms invited more symptomatic recruits to take part than did participants without symptoms. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that online respondent-driven detection can enhance identification of symptomatic patients by making use of individuals' local social networks. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  child;  Communicable Diseases;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  middle aged;  Netherlands;  online system;  patient selection;  preschool child;  procedures;  questionnaire;  Respiratory Tract Infections;  self report;  very elderly;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Communicable Diseases;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Netherlands;  Online Systems;  Patient Selection;  Population Surveillance;  Respiratory Tract Infections;  Self Report;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302717_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in boys before and since routine use: Southern California, 2009-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hechter, R.C.
Author-Name: Chao, C.R.
Author-Name: Sidell, M.A.
Author-Name: Sy, L.S.
Author-Name: Ackerson, B.K.
Author-Name: Slezak, J.M.
Author-Name: Patel, N.J.
Author-Name: Tseng, H.F.
Author-Name: Jacobsen, S.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2549-2556
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302840
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302840
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the trends and correlates of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) initiation in insured boys during the periods before and after routine use recommendation. Methods. We grouped data from electronic medical records of boys aged 9 to 17 years from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California prepaid health plan into 3 open cohorts: permissive use: 2009 to 2010; anal cancer indication added: 2010 to 2011; and routine use: 2011 to 2013. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) between demographics and vaccination initiation using Poisson regression. Results. HPV4 initiation increased across cohorts - 1.6%, 3.4%, and 18.5% - with the greatest increase among boys aged 11 to 12 years in cohort 3. Initiation was associated with receiving influenza vaccination in the previous year in all cohorts (cohort 3: ARR = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46, 1.51) and with non-White race/ethnicity following routine recommendation (cohort 3, non-Hispanic Black: ARR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.30; Hispanic: ARR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.17, 1.29; Asian/Pacific Islanders: ARR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.20). Conclusions. Routine use recommendation increased the uptake of HPV4 in boys. System-level interventions to encourage providers to routinely recommend HPV4 vaccination may help increase HPV4 uptake in boys.
Keywords: Wart virus vaccine, adolescent;  California;  child;  epidemiology;  human;  male;  patient attitude;  Poisson distribution;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  California;  Child;  Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18;  Humans;  Male;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Poisson Distribution
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302840_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Old myths, new myths: Challenging myths in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Viehbeck, S.M.
Author-Name: Petticrew, M.
Author-Name: Cummins, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 665-669
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302433
Abstract: Myths are widely held beliefs and are frequently perpetuated through telling and retelling. We examined 10 myths in public health research and practice. Where possible, we traced their origins, interrogated their current framing in relation to the evidence, and offered possible alternative ways of thinking about them. These myths focus on the nature of public health and public health interventions, and the nature of evidence in public health. Although myths may have some value, they should not be privileged in an evidence-informed public health context. © 2014 American Public Health Association Inc.
Keywords: economics;  evidence based medicine;  human;  information dissemination;  organization and management;  politics;  preventive medicine;  procedures;  public health service;  research;  stereotyping, Evidence-Based Medicine;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Politics;  Preventive Medicine;  Public Health Practice;  Research;  Stereotyping
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302433_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A window of opportunity: Maximizing the effectiveness of new HCV regimens in the United States with the expansion of the affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Haley, S.J.
Author-Name: Kreek, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 457-463
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302327
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302327
Abstract: Patients with chronic HCV have predictable overlapping comorbidities that reduce access to care. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) presents an opportunity to focus on the benefits of the medical home model for integrated chronic disease management.
Keywords: antivirus agent;  fused heterocyclic rings;  simeprevir;  sofosbuvir;  sulfonamide;  uridine phosphate, adult;  analogs and derivatives;  comorbidity;  drug approval;  drug combination;  economics;  genetics;  genotype;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health survey;  hepatitis B;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  HIV Infections;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  Mental Disorders;  poverty;  prevalence;  risk factor;  standards;  substance abuse;  trends;  United States, Adult;  Antiviral Agents;  Comorbidity;  Drug Approval;  Drug Therapy, Combination;  Genotype;  Health Services Accessibility;  Hepatitis B;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Mental Disorders;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Population Surveillance;  Poverty;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Sulfonamides;  United States;  Uridine Monophosphate
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302327_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Building the evidence for decision-making: The relationship between local public health capacity and community mortality
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schenck, A.P.
Author-Name: Meyer, A.M.
Author-Name: Kuo, T.-M.
Author-Name: Cilenti, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S211-S216
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302500
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302500
Abstract: Objectives: We examined associations between local health department (LHD) spending, staffing, and services and community health outcomes in North Carolina. Methods: We analyzed LHD investments and community mortality in North Carolina from 2005 through 2010. We obtained LHD spending, staffing, and services data from the National Association of City and County Health Officials 2005 and 2008 profile surveys. Five mortality rates were constructed using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality files, North Carolina vital statistics data, and census data for LHD service jurisdictions: heart disease, cancer, diabetes, pneumonia and influenza, and infant mortality. Results. Spending, staffing, and services varied widely by location and over time in the 85 North Carolina LHDs. A 1%increase in full-time-equivalent staffing (per 1000 population) was associated with decrease of 0.01 infant deaths per 1000 live births (P < .05). Provision of women and children's services was associated with a reduction of 1 to 2 infant deaths per 1000 live births (P < .05). Conclusions: Our findings, in the context of other studies, provide support for investment in local public health services to improve community health. .
Keywords: decision making;  economics;  government;  human;  mortality;  North Carolina;  personnel management;  public health service;  retrospective study;  standards;  statistics and numerical data, Decision Making;  Humans;  Local Government;  Mortality;  North Carolina;  Personnel Staffing and Scheduling;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Retrospective Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302500_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implications of the supplemental nutrition assistance program tax exemption on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pomeranz, J.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2191-2193
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302850
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302850
Abstract: US state and local governments are debating sugar-sweetened beverage excise taxes to support public health. A related issue is whether such taxes would apply to beverage purchases made by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants. Federal law proscribes states from collecting excise taxes on SNAP purchases, but the law is confined to taxes at the point of sale. I provide legal analysis and recommendations for policymakers to enact taxes that are not subject to the SNAP tax exemption to potentially deter consumption by all consumers.
Keywords: sugar intake, beverage;  food assistance;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  public health;  sugar intake;  tax;  United States, Beverages;  Dietary Sucrose;  Food Assistance;  Humans;  Public Health;  Tax Exemption;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302850_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health care disparities in the post-affordable care act era
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Adepoju, O.E.
Author-Name: Preston, M.A.
Author-Name: Gonzales, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S665-S667
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302611
Abstract: Disparities in health care have been targeted for elimination by federal agencies and professional organizations, including the American Public Health Association. Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides a valuable first step in reducing the disparities gap, progress is contingent upon whether opportunities in the ACA help or hinder populations at risk for impaired health and limited access to medical care.
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cultural competence;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  medicaid;  organization and management;  preventive health service;  socioeconomics;  United States, Accountable Care Organizations;  Cultural Competency;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Preventive Health Services;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302611_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Associations of neighborhood and school socioeconomic and social contexts with body mass index among urban preadolescent students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carroll-Scott, A.
Author-Name: Gilstad-Hayden, K.
Author-Name: Rosenthal, L.
Author-Name: Eldahan, A.
Author-Name: McCaslin, C.
Author-Name: Peters, S.M.
Author-Name: Ickovics, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2496-2502
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302882
Abstract: Objectives. We examined independent and synergistic effects of school and neighborhood environments on preadolescent body mass index (BMI) to determine why obesity rates nearly double during preadolescence. Methods. Physical measures and health surveys from fifth and sixth graders in 12 randomly selected schools in New Haven, Connecticut, in 2009 were matched to student sociodemographics and school- and residential census tract-level data, for a total of 811 urban preadolescents. Key independent variables included school connectedness, neighborhood social ties, and school and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We estimated cross-classified random-effects hierarchical linear models to examine associations between key school and neighborhood characteristics with student BMI. Results. Greater average connectedness felt by students to their school was significantly associated with lower BMI. This association was stronger among students living in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of affluent neighbors. Conclusions. How schools engage and support students may affect obesity rates preferentially in higher-income neighborhoods. Further research should explore the associations between multiple environments to which children are exposed and obesity-related behaviors and outcomes. This understanding of the multiple social-spatial contexts that children occupy has potential to inform comprehensive and sustainable child obesity prevention efforts.
Keywords: body mass;  child;  Connecticut;  demography;  diet;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  Pediatric Obesity;  school;  social support;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  urban population, Body Mass Index;  Child;  Connecticut;  Diet;  Female;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Male;  Pediatric Obesity;  Residence Characteristics;  Schools;  Social Support;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Students;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302882_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Black lives matter: A commentary on racism and public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: García, J.J.-L.
Author-Name: Sharif, M.Z.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e27-e30
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302706
Abstract: The recent nonindictments of police officers who killed unarmed Black men have incited popular and scholarly discussions on racial injustices in our legal system, racialized police violence, and police (mis)conduct. What is glaringly absent is a public health perspective in response to these events. We aim to fill this gap and expand the current dialogue beyond these isolated incidents to a broader discussion of racism in America and how it affects the health and well-being of people of color. Our goal is not only to reiterate how salient structural racismis in our society, but how critical antiracist work is to the core goals and values of public health. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: African American;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  police;  public health;  racism;  United States, African Americans;  Humans;  Police;  Public Health;  Racism;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302706_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Haber et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Haber, J.
Author-Name: Hartnett, E.
Author-Name: Allen, K.
Author-Name: Hallas, D.
Author-Name: Dorsen, C.
Author-Name: Lange-Kessler, J.
Author-Name: Lloyd, M.
Author-Name: Thomas, E.
Author-Name: Wholihan, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302648
Keywords: dental procedure;  education;  health;  health care delivery;  health care personnel;  human;  public relations;  standards, Dental Health Services;  Health Personnel;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Interprofessional Relations;  Oral Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302648_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community-based review of research across diverse community contexts: Key characteristics, critical issues, and future directions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shore, N.
Author-Name: Ford, A.
Author-Name: Wat, E.
Author-Name: Brayboy, M.
Author-Name: Isaacs, M.-L.
Author-Name: Park, A.
Author-Name: Strelnick, H.
Author-Name: Seifer, S.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1294-1301
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302588
Abstract: A growing number of community-based organizations and community-academic partnerships are implementing processes to determine whether and how health research is conducted in their communities. These community-based research review processes (CRPs) can provide individual and community-level ethics protections, enhance the cultural relevance of study designs and competence of researchers, build community and academic research capacity, and shape research agendas that benefit diverse communities. To better understand how they are organized and function, representatives of 9 CRPs from across the United States convened in 2012 for a working meeting. In this article, we articulated and analyzed the models presented, offered guidance to communities that seek to establish a CRP, andmade recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.
Keywords: advisory committee;  demography;  economics;  ethics;  financial management;  forecasting;  health care planning;  health care policy;  human;  medical research;  organization and management;  public relations;  research;  trends;  United States, Advisory Committees;  Biomedical Research;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Forecasting;  Health Policy;  Health Priorities;  Humans;  Research;  Research Support as Topic;  Residence Characteristics;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302588_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of the patient protection and affordable care act: Overview
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Atkinson, G.
Author-Name: Giovanis, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S631-S632
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302933
Keywords: health care disparity;  health care policy;  health education;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  medicaid;  organization and management;  United States;  vulnerable population, Health Education;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Medicaid;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302933_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Acceptable interventions to reduce syphilis transmission among high-risk men who have sex with men in Los Angeles
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stahlman, S.
Author-Name: Plant, A.
Author-Name: Javanbakht, M.
Author-Name: Cross, J.
Author-Name: Montoya, J.A.
Author-Name: Bolan, R.
Author-Name: Kerndt, P.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e88-e94
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302412
Abstract: Methods. Between October 2010 and June 2011, we conducted in-depth interviews with 19 MSM in Los Angeles, California, with repeat early syphilis infections (primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis) within the previous 5 years. We analyzed the interviews inductively to determine the most acceptable potential interventions.
Keywords: diagnostic kit, adult;  case management;  chemoprophylaxis;  diagnostic kit;  human;  interview;  male;  male homosexuality;  middle aged;  patient attitude;  patient preference;  procedures;  professional practice;  psychology;  public health;  qualitative research;  reminder system;  secondary prevention;  syphilis;  transmission;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  Case Management;  Chemoprevention;  Homosexuality, Male;  House Calls;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Los Angeles;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Patient Preference;  Public Health;  Qualitative Research;  Reagent Kits, Diagnostic;  Reminder Systems;  Secondary Prevention;  Syphilis;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302412_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic differences in combat- and non-combat-associated traumatic brain injury severity in the Veterans Health Administration: 2004-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dismuke, C.E.
Author-Name: Gebregziabher, M.
Author-Name: Yeager, D.
Author-Name: Egede, L.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1696-1702
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302545
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and combat exposure by race/ethnicity. Methods. We estimated logit models of the fully adjusted association of combat exposure with TBI severity in separate race/ethnicity models for a national cohort of 132 995 veterans with TBI between 2004 and 2010. Results. Of veterans with TBI, 25.8% had served in a combat zone. Mild TBI increased from 11.5% to 40.3%, whereas moderate or severe TBI decreased from 88.5% to 59.7%. Moderate or severe TBI was higher in non-Hispanic Blacks (80.0%) and Hispanics (89.4%) than in non-Hispanic Whites (71.9%). In the fully adjusted all-race/ethnicity model, non-Hispanic Blacks (1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37, 1.52) and Hispanics (1.47; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.72) had higher odds of moderate or severe TBI than did non-Hispanic Whites. However, combat exposure was associated with higher odds of mild TBI in non-Hispanic Blacks (2.48; 95% CI = 2.22, 2.76) and Hispanics (3.42; 95% CI = 1.84, 6.35) than in non-Hispanic Whites (2.17; 95% CI = 2.09, 2.26). Conclusions. Research is needed to understand racial differences in the effect of combat exposure on mild TBI and on interventions to prevent TBI across severity levels. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  ancestry group;  Brain Injuries;  ethnic group;  female;  human;  injury scale;  male;  middle aged;  public hospital;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  veteran;  warfare;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Brain Injuries;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Hospitals, Veterans;  Humans;  Injury Severity Score;  Male;  Middle Aged;  United States;  Veterans;  Warfare;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302545_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A systematic review of community engagement in the US environmental protection agency's extramural research solicitations: Implications for research funders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yuen, T.
Author-Name: Park, A.N.
Author-Name: Seifer, S.D.
Author-Name: Payne-Sturges, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e44-e52
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302811
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302811
Abstract: Objectives. We systematically reviewed the Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Research's (NCER's) requests for applications (RFAs) and identified strategies that NCER and other funders can take to bolster community engagement. Methods. We queried NCER's publically available online archive of funding opportunities from fiscal years 1997 to 2013. Froman initial list of 211 RFAs that met our inclusion criteria, 33 discussed or incorporated elements of community engagement. We examined these RFAs along 6 dimensions and the degree of alignments between them. Results. We found changes over time in the number of RFAs that included community engagement, variations in how community engagement is defined and expected, inconsistencies between application requirements and peer review criteria, and the inclusion of mechanisms supporting community engagement in research. Conclusions. The results inform a systematic approach to developing RFAs that support community engagement in research.
Keywords: consumer;  financial management;  government;  human;  methodology;  organization and management;  participatory research;  peer review;  procedures;  research;  standards;  United States, Community-Based Participatory Research;  Consumer Participation;  Humans;  Peer Review;  Research;  Research Design;  Research Support as Topic;  United States;  United States Environmental Protection Agency
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302811_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Multiple service system involvement and later offending behavior: Implications for prevention and early intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bright, C.L.
Author-Name: Jonson-Reid, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1358-1364
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302508
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302508
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated patterns of childhood and adolescent experiences that correspond to later justice system entry, including persistence into adulthood, and explored whether timing of potential supports to the child or onset of family poverty, according to developmental periods and gender, would distinguish among latent classes. Methods. We constructed a database containing records for 8587 youths from a Midwestern metropolitan region, born between 1982 and 1991, with outcomes. We used data from multiple publicly funded systems (child welfare, income maintenance, juvenile and criminal justice, mental health, Medicaid, vital statistics). We applied a latent class analysis and interpreted a 7-class model. Results. Classes with higher rates of offending persisting into adulthood were characterized by involvement with multiple publicly funded systems in childhood and adolescence, with the exception of 1 less-urban, predominantly female class that had similarly high system involvement coupled with lower rates of offending. Conclusions. Poverty and maltreatment appear to play a critical role in offending trajectories. Identifying risk factors that cluster together may help program and intervention staff best target those most in need of more intensive intervention.
Keywords: adolescent;  ancestry group;  child;  child abuse;  child welfare;  criminal law;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  juvenile delinquency;  male;  mental health service;  poverty;  prevention and control;  risk factor;  sex difference;  social welfare;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Child;  Child Abuse;  Child Welfare;  Continental Population Groups;  Criminal Law;  Female;  Humans;  Juvenile Delinquency;  Male;  Mental Health Services;  Midwestern United States;  Poverty;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Social Welfare
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302508_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Considering whether Medicaid is worth the cost: Revisiting the Oregon Health Study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Muennig, P.A.
Author-Name: Quan, R.
Author-Name: Chiuzan, C.
Author-Name: Glied, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 866-871
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302485
Abstract: The Oregon Health Study was a groundbreaking experiment in which uninsured participants were randomized to either apply for Medicaid or stay with their current care. The study showed that Medicaid produced numerous important socioeconomic and health benefits but had no statistically significant impact on hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes. Medicaid opponents interpreted the findings to mean that Medicaid is not a worthwhile investment. Medicaid proponents viewed the experiment as statistically underpowered and, irrespective of the laboratory values, suggestive that Medicaid is a good investment. We tested these competing claims and, using a sensitive joint test and statistical power analysis, confirmed that the Oregon Health Study did not improve laboratory values. However, we also found that Medicaid is a good value, with a cost of just $62 000 per quality-adjusted life-years gained.
Keywords: economics;  health care delivery;  health care planning;  health services research;  health status;  human;  medicaid;  organization and management;  United States, Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Research;  Health Status;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Oregon;  State Health Plans;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302485_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Intergenerational social networks and health behaviors among children living in public housing
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kennedy-Hendricks, A.
Author-Name: Schwartz, H.
Author-Name: Thornton, R.J.
Author-Name: Griffin, B.A.
Author-Name: Green, H.D., Jr.
Author-Name: Kennedy, D.P.
Author-Name: Burkhauser, S.
Author-Name: Pollack, C.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2291-2297
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302663
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302663
Abstract: Objectives. In a survey of families living in public housing, we investigated whether caretakers' social networks are linked with children's health status. Methods. In 2011, 209 children and their caretakers living in public housing in suburban Montgomery County, Maryland, were surveyed regarding their health and social networks. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations between the perceived health composition of caretaker social networks and corresponding child health characteristics (e.g., exercise, diet). Results. With each 10% increase in the proportion of the caretaker's social network that exercised regularly, the child's odds of exercising increased by 34% (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 1.69) after the caretaker's own exercise behavior and the composition of the child's peer network had been taken into account. Although children's overweight or obese status was associated with caretakers' social networks, the results were no longer significant after adjustment for caretakers' own weight status. Conclusions. We found that caretaker social networks are independently associated with certain aspects of child health, suggesting the importance of the broader social environment for low-income children's health.
Keywords: adolescent;  ancestry group;  body weight;  caregiver;  child;  diet;  exercise;  female;  health behavior;  health status;  housing;  human;  human relation;  male;  Overweight;  social environment;  social support;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Body Weight;  Caregivers;  Child;  Continental Population Groups;  Diet;  Exercise;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Health Status;  Humans;  Intergenerational Relations;  Male;  Maryland;  Overweight;  Public Housing;  Social Environment;  Social Support;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302663_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social competence and obesity in elementary school
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jackson, S.L.
Author-Name: Cunningham, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 153-158
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302208)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302208)
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the relationship between children's weight and social competence. Methods: We used data from the third- and fifth-grade waves of the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (n = 8346) to examine changes in children's weight and social competence. Results: Obesity in third grade was not associated with subsequent changes in social competence between third and fifth grade, but social competence in third grade was associated with subsequent development of obesity. Among normalweight children, having higher social competence in third grade was associated with lower odds of becoming overweight (odds ratio [OR]=0.80 60.09; P <.05) or obese (OR=0.20 60.08; P <.001). In addition, obese children with higher social competence were more likely to lose weight between third and fifth grade (OR = 1.43 60.25; P <.05). Conclusions: Obesity and impaired social competence often occur together and have serious implications for children's well-being. More knowledge about how weight and social competence affect one another could inform interventions to promote children's social development and reduce obesity.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302208)_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Relationship between quality improvement implementation and accreditation seeking in local health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chen, L.-W.
Author-Name: Nguyen, A.
Author-Name: Jacobson, J.J.
Author-Name: Gupta, N.
Author-Name: Bekmuratova, S.
Author-Name: Palm, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S295-S302
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302278
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302278
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the relationship between quality improvement (QI) maturity and accreditation attributes of US local health departments (LHDs), specifically those in Nebraska. Methods: Using 2011 Nebraska LHD QI survey data, we conducted Spearman correlation analyses between QI maturity domains and accreditation attributes. Using the 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials' National Profile of LHDs, we conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the relationships between specific QI strategies and attitude toward seeking accreditation. Results: Leaders' commitment to and length of time engaged in QI were positively associated with LHDs' general attitude toward seeking accreditation. Use of QI strategies and integration of QI policies and practices were positively associated with LHDs' confidence in their capacity to obtain accreditation. LHDs that had used at least 1 QI framework and at least 1 QI technique in the past year were more likely to agree that they would seek accreditation within 2 years of the national accreditation program. Conclusions: Experience with and expertise in QI implementation play an important role in LHDs' decision to seek accreditation, and their accreditationseeking efforts may benefit from prior implementation of systematic QI strategies.
Keywords: accreditation;  attitude;  cooperation;  demography;  government;  human;  leadership;  organization;  organization and management;  professional competence;  public health service;  standards;  time;  total quality management;  United States, Accreditation;  Attitude;  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Leadership;  Local Government;  Nebraska;  Organizational Culture;  Professional Competence;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Improvement;  Residence Characteristics;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302278_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Identifying a sample of HIV-positive beneficiaries from medicaid claims data and estimating their treatment costs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leibowitz, A.A.
Author-Name: Desmond, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 567-574
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to identify people living with HIV/AIDS from Medicare and Medicaid claims data to estimate Medicaid costs for treating HIV/AIDS in California. We also examined how alternate methods of identifying the relevant sample affect estimates of per capita costs.
Keywords: California;  economics;  female;  health care cost;  health care policy;  HIV Seropositivity;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  medicaid;  medicare;  standards;  statistical analysis;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States, California;  Data Interpretation, Statistical;  Female;  Health Care Costs;  HIV Seropositivity;  Humans;  Insurance Claim Review;  Insurance Coverage;  Male;  Medicaid;  Medicare;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association between Connecticut's permit-to-purchase handgun law and homicides
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rudolph, K.E.
Author-Name: Stuart, E.A.
Author-Name: Vernick, J.S.
Author-Name: Webster, D.W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e49-e54
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302703
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to estimate the effect of Connecticut's implementation of a handgun permit-to-purchase law in October 1995 on subsequent homicides. Methods. Using the synthetic control method, we compared Connecticut's homicide rates after the law's implementation to rates we would have expected had the law not been implemented. To estimate the counterfactual, we used longitudinal data from a weighted combination of comparison states identified based on the ability of their prelaw homicide trends and covariates to predict prelaw homicide trends in Connecticut. Results. We estimated that the law was associated with a 40% reduction in Connecticut's firearm homicide rates during the first 10 years that the law was in place. By contrast, there was no evidence for a reduction in nonfirearm homicides. Conclusions. Consistent with prior research, this study demonstrated that Connecticut's handgun permit-to-purchase law was associated with a subsequent reduction in homicide rates. As would be expected if the law drove the reduction, the policy's effects were only evident for homicides committed with firearms. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Connecticut;  epidemiology;  firearm;  gunshot injury;  homicide;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  mortality;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Connecticut;  Firearms;  Homicide;  Humans;  United States;  Wounds, Gunshot
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302703_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The rationalization of unethical research: Revisionist accounts of the Tuskegee syphilis study and the New Zealand "unfortunate experiment"
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Paul, C.
Author-Name: Brookes, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e12-e19
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302720
Abstract: Two studies, widely condemned in the 1970s and 1980s?the Tuskegee study ofmenwith untreated syphilis and the New Zealand study of women with untreated carcinoma in situ of the cervix?received newdefenses in the 21st century. Wenotedremarkablesimilarities in both the studies and their defenses. Here we evaluate the scientific, political, and moral claims of the defenders. The scientific claims are largely based on incomplete or misinterpreted evidence and exaggeration of the uncertainties of science. The defenders' political arguments mistakenly claim that identity politics clouded the original critiques; in fact such politics opened the eyes of thepublic to exploitation.The moral defenses demonstrate an overreliance on codes of conductandhaveimplications for research ethics today.
Keywords: African American;  carcinoma in situ;  defense mechanism;  ethics;  ethnology;  female;  government;  human;  human experiment;  human rights;  male;  morality;  New Zealand;  prejudice;  research ethics;  syphilis;  treatment withdrawal;  United States;  uterine cervix tumor, African Americans;  Alabama;  Carcinoma in Situ;  Ethics, Research;  Federal Government;  Female;  Human Rights;  Humans;  Male;  Morals;  New Zealand;  Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation;  Prejudice;  Rationalization;  Syphilis;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  Withholding Treatment
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302720_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cautionary notes on a global tiered pricing framework for medicines
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Williams, O.D.
Author-Name: Ooms, G.
Author-Name: Hill, P.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1290-1293
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302554
Abstract: Recently, there has been a policy momentum toward creating a global tiered pricing framework, which would provide differentiated prices for medicines globally, based on each country's capacity to pay. We studied the most influential proposals for a tiered pricing framework since the 1995 World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. We synthesized 6 critical questions to be addressed for a global framework to function and explored the many challenges of implementation. Although we acknowledge that there is the potential for an exceptional global commitment that would benefit both producers and those in developing countries in need of wider access to medicines, our greatest concern is to ensure that a global framework does not price out the poor from pharmaceutical markets nor threaten current flexibilities within the international patent regime.
Keywords: drug, developing country;  drug cost;  drug industry;  economics;  ethics;  health;  human;  international cooperation;  patent;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  supply and distribution, Developing Countries;  Drug Costs;  Drug Industry;  Global Health;  Humans;  International Cooperation;  Patents as Topic;  Pharmaceutical Preparations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302554_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health accreditation: Rubber stamp or roadmap for improvement
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carman, A.L.
Author-Name: Timsina, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S353-S359
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302568
Abstract: Objectives: We identified the characteristics of local health departments (LHDs) that intended to seek accreditation, and also examined the association between that intent and a complete community health assessment (CHA), community health improvement plan, agency strategic plan, or other specific accreditation requirements. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2010 profile survey of LHDs conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (n = 267). Results: Those LHDs that conducted a CHA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.62; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.38, 1.00; P = .05) and developed a strategic plan (AOR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.12, 0.74; P = .01) were less likely to have an intent to pursue accreditation in the first 2 years of the program. By contrast, those LHDs that were engaged in quality improvement (QI) activities were approximately 2.6 times more likely to pursue accreditation compared with those LHDs that did not have any QI activities (P < .001). Conclusions: Based on our findings, national public health accreditation might be the vehicle LHDs could use to improve their operating environments, better manage their resources, and reap the rewards associated with meeting national industry standards.
Keywords: accreditation;  adult;  female;  government;  human;  male;  middle aged;  public health service;  standards;  total quality management, Accreditation;  Adult;  Female;  Humans;  Local Government;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Improvement
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302568_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and resilience among transgender individuals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bariola, E.
Author-Name: Lyons, A.
Author-Name: Leonard, W.
Author-Name: Pitts, M.
Author-Name: Badcock, P.
Author-Name: Couch, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2108-2116
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302763
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the independent demographic and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and resilience among transgender men and women. Methods. Our data came from an online survey involving a national Australian sample of 169 transgender men and women in 2011. Survey questions assessed demographics; sources of support; contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers; and experiences of victimization. We assessed the outcomes with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale. Results. In all, 46.0% of the sample reported high or very high levels of psychological distress. Multivariable regression analyses identified considerably different independent factors for psychological distress and resilience. Younger age, feeling unable to turn to family for support, and victimization experiences were associated with greater psychological distress, whereas higher income, identifying as heterosexual, and having frequent contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers were associated with greater resilience. Conclusions. With different factors identified for psychological distress and resilience, these findings may help informthe development of tailoredmental health interventions and resilience-building programs for this vulnerable population.
Keywords: adaptive behavior;  adult;  aged;  Australia;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  mental stress;  middle aged;  psychological rating scale;  psychology;  questionnaire;  transgender, Adaptation, Psychological;  Adult;  Aged;  Australia;  Demography;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales;  Stress, Psychological;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302763_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "We're part of the solution": Evolution of the food and beverage industry's framing of obesity concerns between 2000 and 2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nixon, L.
Author-Name: Mejia, P.
Author-Name: Cheyne, A.
Author-Name: Wilking, C.
Author-Name: Dorfman, L.
Author-Name: Daynard, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2228-2236
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302819
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302819
Abstract: We investigated how industry claim-makers countered concerns about obesity and other nutrition-related diseases in newspaper coverage from 2000, the year before the US Surgeon General's Call to Action on obesity, through 2012. We found that the food and beverage industry evolved in its response. The defense arguments were made by trade associations, industry-funded nonprofit groups, and individual companies representing the packaged food industry, restaurants, and the nonalcoholic beverage industry. Individual companies used the news primarily to promote voluntary self-regulation, whereas trade associations and industry-supported nonprofit groups directly attacked potential government regulations. There was, however, a shift away from framing obesity as a personal issue toward an overall message that the food and beverage industry wants to be "part of the solution" to the public health crisis.
Keywords: catering service;  food industry;  government regulation;  human;  obesity;  organization;  organization and management;  public health;  publication;  statistics and numerical data, Food Industry;  Government Regulation;  Humans;  Newspapers as Topic;  Obesity;  Organizations;  Public Health;  Restaurants
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302819_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Antibiotics overuse in animal agriculture: A call to action for health care providers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martin, M.J.
Author-Name: Thottathil, S.E.
Author-Name: Newman, T.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2409-2410
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302870
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302870
Keywords: antiinfective agent, adverse effects;  animal;  animal husbandry;  antibiotic resistance;  health care personnel;  hospital food service;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  meat;  procedures;  standards, Animal Husbandry;  Animals;  Anti-Bacterial Agents;  Drug Resistance, Bacterial;  Food Service, Hospital;  Health Personnel;  Humans;  Meat
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302870_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV testing and HIV service delivery to populations at high risk attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States, 2011-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Seth, P.
Author-Name: Wang, G.
Author-Name: Sizemore, E.
Author-Name: Hogben, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2374-2381
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302778
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated HIV testing and service delivery in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Methods. We assessed HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of HIV test results, linkage tomedical care, and referral services from 61 health department jurisdictions from 2011 to 2013. Results. In 2013, 18.6% (621 010) of all CDC-funded HIV-testing events were conducted in STD clinics, and 0.8% were newly identified as HIV-positive. In addition, 27.3% of all newly identified HIV-positive persons and 30.1% of all newly identified HIV-positive men who have sex with men were identified in STD clinics. Linkage to care within any time frame was 63.8%, and linkage within 90 days was 55.3%. Although there was a decrease in first-time HIV testers in STD clinics from 2011 to 2013, identification of new positives increased. Conclusions. Although linkage to care and referral to partner services could be improved, STD clinics appear successful at serving populations disproportionately affected by HIV. These clinics may reach persons who may not otherwise seek HIV testing or medical services and provide an avenue for service provision to these populations.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  ancestry group;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  mass screening;  middle aged;  outpatient department;  patient referral;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Continental Population Groups;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Referral and Consultation;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302778_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The longitudinal joint effect of obesity and major depression on work performance impairment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nigatu, Y.T.
Author-Name: Reijneveld, S.A.
Author-Name: Penninx, B.W.J.H.
Author-Name: Schoevers, R.A.
Author-Name: Bültmann, U.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e80-e86
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302557
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the longitudinal effect of obesity, major depression, and their combination on work performance impairment (WPI). Methods: We collected longitudinal data (2004-2013) on 1726 paid employees from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety at baseline and 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up. We defined obesity with body mass index and waist circumference. We diagnosed major depression with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. We assessed work performance impairment with a questionnaire for illness-associated costs. We used generalized estimating equations for modeling, and estimated interaction on the additive scale. Results: Obesity, abdominal obesity, and major depression were longitudinally associated with increased risk of high WPI. The combinations of obesity and major depression, and of abdominal obesity and major depression were associated with increased risk of high WPI (odds ratios of 2.36 [95% confidence interval=1.61, 3.44] and 1.88 [95% confidence interval =1.40, 2.53], respectively), but the relative excess risks attributable to interaction were nonsignificant. Conclusions: The longitudinal joint effect of obesity and major depression on high WPI implies that obesity intervention may be more beneficial for individuals with major depression than those without regarding risk of high WPI, if confirmed in a large, representative sample.
Keywords: adult;  body mass;  Depressive Disorder, Major;  disability;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  morphometrics;  Netherlands;  obesity;  Obesity, Abdominal;  statistics and numerical data;  work, Adult;  Body Mass Index;  Body Weights and Measures;  Depressive Disorder, Major;  Disability Evaluation;  Female;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Netherlands;  Obesity;  Obesity, Abdominal;  Work
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302557_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Declining trends and widening disparities in overweight and obesity prevalence among Massachusetts public school districts, 2009-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Li, W.
Author-Name: Buszkiewicz, J.H.
Author-Name: Leibowitz, R.B.
Author-Name: Gapinski, M.A.
Author-Name: Nasuti, L.J.
Author-Name: Land, T.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e76-e82
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302807
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the overall and sociodemographic disparities in trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Massachusetts public school districts between 2009 and 2014. Methods. In 2009, Massachusetts mandated annual screening of body mass index for students in grades 1, 4, 7, and 10. This was part of the statewide Mass in Motion prevention programs. We assessed trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between 2009 and 2014 by district, gender, grade, and district income. Results. From 2009 to 2014, prevalence decreased 3.0 percentage points (from 34.3% to 31.3%) statewide. The 2014 district-level rates ranged from 13.9% to 54.5% (median = 31.2%). When stratified by grade, the decreasing trends were significant only for grades 1 and 4. Although rates of districts with a median household income greater than $37 000 improved notably, rates of the poorest remain unchanged and were approximately 40%. Conclusions. Although overall prevalence began to decrease, the geographic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity are widening and remain a public health challenge in Massachusetts. Special efforts should be made to address the needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged districts and to narrow the disparities in childhood obesity.
Keywords: adolescent;  body mass;  child;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  obesity;  Overweight;  prevalence;  United States, Adolescent;  Body Mass Index;  Child;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Massachusetts;  Obesity;  Overweight;  Prevalence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302807_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Curriculum revitalization initiative at Tulane
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: White, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S22-S26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302491
Abstract: Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine launched its curriculum revitalization initiative to examine the Master of Public Health degrees (MPH).The initiative will enhance excellence in MPH education and incorporate innovative teaching approaches. Taskforces determined the MPH core should provide the foundation for public health, integrate knowledge across public health areas, and develop skills and methods needed in practice. The MPH is being updated to provide specialized study that builds skills and practical applications based on theory and evidencebased approaches. Eleven graduate certificates were developed to provide a second area of specialization. Practica are viewed as increasingly important for students without practical experience. Teachingmethods will incorporate more technology including onlinemodules for a blended classroom approach.
Keywords: academic achievement;  advisory committee;  certification;  curriculum;  human;  medical education;  organization and management;  procedures;  program development;  school;  teaching;  United States, Advisory Committees;  Certification;  Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Curriculum;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Louisiana;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302491_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of weather on mobility and participation in older US adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Clarke, P.J.
Author-Name: Yan, T.
Author-Name: Keusch, F.
Author-Name: Gallagher, N.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1489-1494
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302582
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of weather on the daily lives of US adults to understand which populations are most vulnerable to various weather conditions. Methods. Data came from a 2013 supplement to the University of Michigan- Thomson Reuters Surveys of Consumers, a nationally representative telephone survey of 502 adults in the contiguous United States. We used logistic regressions to assess the odds of mobility difficulty and participation restriction during different weather conditions, as well as age group differences. Results. Ice was most likely to change the way respondents got around (reported by 47%). In icy conditions, participants had difficulty leaving home (40%) and driving (35%). Facing ice, older adults (≥ 65 years) had twice the odds of having great difficulty leaving home (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 4.42) and curtailing work or volunteer activities (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.01, 4.06), and 3 times the odds of difficulty driving (OR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.62, 6.86) as younger respondents. We also found significant differences in mobility and participation by gender and region of residence. Conclusions. Weather can affect social isolation, health, well-being, and mortality among older US adults.
Keywords: rain;  snow, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  car driving;  daily life activity;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  locomotion;  male;  middle aged;  season;  social participation;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  very elderly;  weather;  young adult, Activities of Daily Living;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Automobile Driving;  Female;  Humans;  Locomotion;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Rain;  Seasons;  Snow;  Social Participation;  United States;  Weather;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302582_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluating a bilingual patient navigation program for uninsured women with abnormal screening tests for breast and cervical cancer: Implications for future navigator research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simon, M.A.
Author-Name: Tom, L.S.
Author-Name: Nonzee, N.J.
Author-Name: Murphy, K.R.
Author-Name: Endress, R.
Author-Name: Dong, X.
Author-Name: Feinglass, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e87-e94
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302341
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302341
Abstract: Objectives: The DuPage Patient Navigation Collaborative evaluated the Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP) model for uninsured women receiving free breast or cervical cancer screening through the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program in DuPage County, Illinois. Methods: We used medical records review and patient surveys of 477 women to compare median follow-up times with external Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program and Chicago PNRP benchmarks of performance. We examined the extent to which we mitigated community-defined timeliness risk factors for delayed follow-up, with a focus on Spanish-speaking participants. Results: Median follow-up time (29.0 days for breast and 56.5 days for cervical screening abnormalities) compared favorably to external benchmarks. Spanishspeaking patients had lower health literacy, lower patient activation, and more health care system distrust than did English-speaking patients, but despite the prevalence of timeliness risk factors, we observed no differences in likelihood of delayed (>60 days) follow-up by language. Conclusions: Our successful replication and scaling of the PNRP navigation model to DuPage County illustrates a promising approach for future navigator research.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Breast Neoplasms;  ethnology;  female;  health literacy;  health services research;  Hispanic;  human;  Illinois;  middle aged;  multilingualism;  organization and management;  patient attitude;  patient care;  program evaluation;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  time factor;  trust;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Breast Neoplasms;  Female;  Health Literacy;  Health Services Research;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Illinois;  Middle Aged;  Multilingualism;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Patient Navigation;  Program Evaluation;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Time Factors;  Trust;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302341_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mary Steichen Calderone (1904-1998): Advocate for sex education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: More, E.S.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2255
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302822
Keywords: consumer advocacy;  history;  human;  public health service;  sexual education, Consumer Advocacy;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  Sex Education
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302822_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The air we breathe
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Author-Name: Blum, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1751
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302700
Keywords: air pollutant, adverse effects;  air pollutant;  air pollution;  chemically induced;  human;  lung disease;  socioeconomics;  United States, Air Pollutants;  Air Pollution;  Humans;  Lung Diseases;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302700_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State constitutional commitment to health and health care and population health outcomes: Evidence from historical US data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Matsuura, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e48-e54
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302405
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302405
Abstract: Objectives. I investigated whether the introduction of health and health care provisions in US state constitutions can make health systems more equitable and improve health outcomes by urging state policymakers and administrative agencies to uphold their human rights obligations at state level. Methods. I constructed a panel of infant mortality rates from 50 US states over the period 1929 through 2000 to examine their association with the timing and details of introducing a constitutional right to health and health care provisions. Results. The introduction of a stronger constitutional commitment that obligates state legislature to provide health care was associated with a subsequent reduction in the infant mortality rate of approximately 7.8%. The introduction of provisions explicitly targeting the poor was also associated with a reduction in the infant mortality rate of 6.5%. These health benefits are primarily evident in non-White populations. Conclusions. This empirical result supports Elizabeth Leonard's view that although state constitutional rights have been poorly enforced through the judiciary, a constitutional expression of health care duties has fueled the political and social process, ultimately allowing states to identify the best way to address citizens' health inequality concerns.
Keywords: government;  health care delivery;  history;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  public health;  United States, Health Services Accessibility;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  Public Health;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302405_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "Aging out" of dependent coverage and the effects on us labor market and health insurance choices
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dahlen, H.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S640-S650
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302791
Abstract: Objectives: I examined how labor market and health insurance outcomes were affected by the loss of dependent coverage eligibility under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: I used National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data and regression discontinuity models to measure the percentage-point change in labor market and health insurance outcomes at age 26 years. My sample was restricted to unmarried individuals aged 24 to 28 years and to a period of time before the ACA's individual mandate (2011-2013). I ran models separately for men and women to determine if there were differences based on gender. Results: Aging out of this provision increased employment among men, employersponsored health insurance offers for women, and reports that health insurance coverage was worse than it was 1 year previously (overall and for young women). Uninsured rates did not increase at age 26 years, but there was an increase in the purchase of non-group health coverage, indicating interest in remaining insured after age 26 years. Conclusions: Many young adults will turn to state and federal health insurance marketplaces for information about health coverage. Because young adults (aged 18-29 years) regularly use social media sites, these sites could be used to advertise insurance to individuals reaching their 26th birthdays.
Keywords: adult;  age;  decision making;  employment;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  medically uninsured;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  Age Factors;  Choice Behavior;  Employment;  Female;  Health Benefit Plans, Employee;  Health Insurance Exchanges;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Medically Uninsured;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302791_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ebola crisis of 2014: Are current strategies enough to meet the long-run challenges ahead?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gimm, G.
Author-Name: Nichols, L.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e8-e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302576
Abstract: The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 2014 mobilized international efforts to contain a global healthcrisis.Theemergence of the deadly virus in the United States and Europe among health care workers intensified fears of a worldwide epidemic. Market incentives for pharmaceutical firms to allocate their research and development resources toward Ebola treatments were weak because the limited number of EVD cases were previously confined to rural areas of West Africa. We discuss 3 policy recommendations to address the long-term challenges of EVD in an interconnected world.
Keywords: vaccine, Disease Outbreaks;  economics;  financial management;  health care policy;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  infection control;  mass screening;  procedures;  transmission, Communicable Disease Control;  Disease Outbreaks;  Financing, Government;  Health Policy;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Mass Screening;  Vaccines
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302576_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disentangling the relative influence of schools and neighborhoods on adolescents' risk for depressive symptoms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dunn, E.C.
Author-Name: Milliren, C.E.
Author-Name: Evans, C.R.
Author-Name: Subramanian, S.V.
Author-Name: Richmond, T.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 732-740
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302374
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302374
Abstract: Objectives. Although schools and neighborhoods influence health, little is known about their relative importance, or the influence of one context after the influence of the other has been taken into account. We simultaneously examined the influence of each setting on depression among adolescents. Methods. Analyzing data from wave 1 (1994-1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we used cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine between-level variation and individual-, school-, and neighborhood-level predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. Also, we compared the results of our cross-classified multilevel models (CCMMs) with those of a multilevel model wherein either school or neighborhood was excluded. Results. In CCMMs, the school-level random effect was significant and more than 3 times the neighborhood-level random effect, even after individual-level characteristics had been taken into account. Individual-level indicators (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) were associated with depressive symptoms, but there was no association with either school- or neighborhood-level fixed effects. The between-level variance in depressive symptoms was driven largely by schools as opposed to neighborhoods. Conclusions. Schools appear to be more salient than neighborhoods in explaining variation in depressive symptoms. Future work incorporating crossclassified multilevel modeling is needed to understand the relative effects of schools and neighborhoods. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  demography;  depression;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  school;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Depression;  Female;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Residence Characteristics;  Schools;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302374_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Psychotropic drug use among preschool children in the medicaid program from 36 states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Garfield, L.D.
Author-Name: Brown, D.S.
Author-Name: Allaire, B.T.
Author-Name: Ross, R.E.
Author-Name: Nicol, G.E.
Author-Name: Raghavan, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 524-529
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the prevalence of and indications for psychotropic medication among preschool children in Medicaid.
Keywords: psychotropic agent, age;  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity;  bipolar disorder;  brain;  Depressive Disorder;  drug effects;  drug utilization;  female;  growth, development and aging;  human;  infant;  insurance;  male;  medicaid;  off label drug use;  preschool child;  prescription drug diversion;  Psychotic Disorders;  standards;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States, Age Factors;  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity;  Bipolar Disorder;  Brain;  Child, Preschool;  Depressive Disorder;  Drug Utilization;  Female;  Humans;  Infant;  Insurance Claim Review;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Medicaid;  Off-Label Use;  Prescription Drug Diversion;  Psychotic Disorders;  Psychotropic Drugs;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health as a catalyst for interprofessional education on a health sciences campus
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Uden-Holman, T.M.
Author-Name: Curry, S.J.
Author-Name: Benz, L.
Author-Name: Aquilino, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S104-S105
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302501
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302501
Abstract: Although interprofessional education (IPE) has existed in various formats for several decades, the need for IPE recently has taken on renewed interest and momentum. Public health has a critical role to play in furthering IPE, yet schools of public health are often underrepresented in IPE initiatives. The University of Iowa College of Public Health is serving as a catalyst for IPE activities on our health sciences campus, which includes colleges of dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health. IPE-related activities have included campus visit by IPE leaders, administration of the Survey of Critical Elements for Implementing IPE, administration of the Interprofessional Learning Opportunities Inventory survey, the development of a comprehensive strategic plan, and the pilot of an IPE course for all first-year prelicensure students and Master of Health Administration students. Although more work is needed to more fully integrate IPE into the curriculum, success to date of the University of Iowa IPE initiative demonstrates that public health can play a critical role as a convener and catalyst for IPE curricular innovations on a health sciences campus.
Keywords: curriculum;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  leadership;  medical education;  organization and management;  personnel management;  procedures;  school;  United States;  university, Competency-Based Education;  Curriculum;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Iowa;  Leadership;  Schools, Public Health;  Staff Development
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302501_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ethical challenges in school-based immunization programs for adolescents: A qualitative study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Braunack-Mayer, A.
Author-Name: Skinner, S.R.
Author-Name: Collins, J.
Author-Name: Tooher, R.
Author-Name: Proeve, C.
Author-Name: O'Keefe, M.
Author-Name: Burgess, T.
Author-Name: Watson, M.
Author-Name: Marshall, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1399-1403
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302280
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302280
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated ethical issues in school-based immunization programs for adolescents and how they are addressed. Methods. We used qualitative methods and an ethnographic approach to observe 9 secondary schools on immunization days in South Australia in 2011; concurrently, we conducted 9 focus groups with female secondary school students, 6 semistructured interviews with parents, and 10 interviews with nurses and teachers. We explored ethical challenges from the perspective of these groups. Results. We identified ethical challenges for the delivery of adolescent immunization in a school-based setting in 3 main areas: informed consent, restrictions on privacy, and harm to students in the form of fear and anxiety. Conclusions. We found areas in which the design and delivery of school-based immunization programs can be improved. Information about immunization should be provided in ways that are appropriate to young people and their parents, and privacy protections should be enhanced when possible. Involving young people in the design and delivery of programs would assist with making these improvements.
Keywords: adolescent;  Australia;  child;  confidentiality;  ethics;  female;  human;  information processing;  informed consent;  interview;  parent;  preventive health service;  psychology;  qualitative research;  school health service;  student;  university, Adolescent;  Child;  Confidentiality;  Faculty;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Humans;  Immunization Programs;  Informed Consent;  Interviews as Topic;  Parents;  Qualitative Research;  School Health Services;  South Australia;  Students
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302280_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A minimal intervention to promote smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: A randomized controlled trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kegler, M.C.
Author-Name: Bundy, L.
Author-Name: Haardörfer, R.
Author-Name: Escoffery, C.
Author-Name: Berg, C.
Author-Name: Yembra, D.
Author-Name: Kreuter, M.
Author-Name: Hovell, M.
Author-Name: Williams, R.
Author-Name: Mullen, P.D.
Author-Name: Ribisl, K.
Author-Name: Burnham, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 530-537
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302260
Abstract: Objectives. We tested the efficacy of a minimal intervention to create smoke-free homes in low-incomehouseholds recruited through theUnitedWay of Greater Atlanta 2-1-1, an information and referral system that connects callers to local social services.
Keywords: passive smoking, adult;  adverse effects;  controlled study;  epidemiology;  family size;  female;  Georgia;  hotline;  housing;  human;  indoor air pollution;  male;  passive smoking;  patient referral;  poverty;  prevention and control;  randomized controlled trial;  smoking;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  Air Pollution, Indoor;  Family Characteristics;  Female;  Georgia;  Hotlines;  Housing;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Poverty;  Referral and Consultation;  Smoking;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302260_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State and municipal innovations in obesity policy: Why localities remain a necessary laboratory for innovation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reeve, B.
Author-Name: Ashe, M.
Author-Name: Farias, R.
Author-Name: Gostin, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 442-450
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302337
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302337
Abstract: Municipal and state governments are surging ahead in obesity prevention, providing a testing ground for innovative policies and shifting social norms in the process.
Keywords: environmental planning;  government;  health care policy;  health promotion;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  marketing;  motor activity;  nonbiological model;  obesity;  organization;  organization and management;  politics;  procedures;  standards;  traffic and transport;  trends, Environment Design;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Local Government;  Marketing;  Models, Organizational;  Motor Activity;  Nutrition Policy;  Obesity;  Organizational Innovation;  Politics;  State Government;  Transportation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302337_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A systematic review of neighborhood disparities in point-of-sale tobacco marketing
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, J.G.L.
Author-Name: Henriksen, L.
Author-Name: Rose, S.W.
Author-Name: Moreland-Russell, S.
Author-Name: Ribisl, K.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e8-e18
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302777
Abstract: A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing Wesystematically reviewed evidence of disparities in tobaccomarketing at tobacco retailers by sociodemographic neighborhood characteristics. We identified 43 relevant articles from 893 results of a systematic search in 10 databases updated May 28, 2014. We found 148 associations of marketing (price, placement, promotion, or product availability) with a neighborhood demographic of interest (socioeconomic disadvantage,race,ethnicity, and urbanicity). Neighborhoods with lower income have more tobacco marketing. There is more menthol marketing targeting urban neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more Black residents. Smokeless tobacco products are targetedmore toward rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more White residents. Differences in store type partially explain these disparities. There are more inducements to start and continue smoking in lower-income neighborhoods and in neighborhoods with more Black residents.Retailermarketing may contribute to disparities in tobacco use. Clinicians should be aware of the pervasiveness of these environmental cues.
Keywords: menthol, African American;  cluster analysis;  commercial phenomena;  demography;  economics;  epidemiology;  human;  income;  marketing;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  urban population, African Americans;  Commerce;  Humans;  Income;  Marketing;  Menthol;  Residence Characteristics;  Small-Area Analysis;  Smoking;  United States;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302777_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing health disparities in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents through community-based participatory research: A study in 2 communities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Betancourt, T.S.
Author-Name: Frounfelker, R.
Author-Name: Mishra, T.
Author-Name: Hussein, A.
Author-Name: Falzarano, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S475-S482
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to understand the problems, strengths, and helpseeking behaviors of Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees and determine local expressions of mental health problems among youths in both communities. Methods. We used qualitative research methods to develop community needs assessments and identify local terms for child mental health problems among Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees in Greater Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts, between 2011 and 2014. A total of 56 Somali Bantu and 93 Bhutanese refugees participated in free list and key informant interviews. Results. Financial and language barriers impeded the abilities of families to assist youths who were struggling academically and socially. Participants identified resources both within and outside the refugee community to help with these problems. Both communities identified areas of distress corresponding to Western concepts of conduct disorders, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions. There are numerous challenges faced by Somali Bantu and Bhutanese youths, as well as strengths and resources that promote resilience. Future steps include using culturally informed methods for identifying those in need of services and developing community-based prevention programs.
Keywords: adolescent;  Bhutan;  child;  clinical trial;  ethnology;  female;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  multicenter study;  participatory research;  psychology;  refugee;  Somalia;  United States, Adolescent;  Bhutan;  Child;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Female;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Massachusetts;  Mental Disorders;  Refugees;  Somalia
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic disparities in the self-reported number of drinks in 2 hours before driving becomes impaired
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kerr, W.C.
Author-Name: Greenfield, T.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1409-1414
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302276
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302276
Abstract: Objectives. We used data on self-reported impaired driving and the number of drinks the person states he or she can have in 2 hours before impairment to evaluate predictors of individuals' impairment thresholds by race/ethnicity. Methods. Data come from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 US National Alcohol Surveys, with oversamples of Black and Hispanic populations. We estimated negative binomial models overall, by gender, and for those who reported impaired driving. Analyses focused primarily on 8553 respondents who drank alcohol and drove a car in the past year. Results. In models that controlled for relevant available measures including body weight, sociodemographics, and drinking patterns, we found perceived impairment thresholds to be 30.3% (95% confidence interval = 23%, 38%) higher for Black drinkers and 26.3% (95% confidence interval = 18%, 35%) higher for Hispanic drinkers compared with White drinkers. Conclusions. The greater number of standard drinks before perceived impairment reported by Black and Hispanic drivers implies a likely relative underreport of impaired driving and potentially higher severity of impairment when driving relative to White drivers.
Keywords: adult;  adverse effects;  African American;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  ancestry group;  car driving;  Caucasian;  drinking behavior;  ethnology;  female;  health disparity;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  middle aged;  prevalence;  psychology;  statistics and numerical data;  time;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  Automobile Driving;  Continental Population Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302276_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changes in young adult primary care under the affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wong, C.A.
Author-Name: Ford, C.A.
Author-Name: French, B.
Author-Name: Rubin, D.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S680-S685
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302770
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302770
Abstract: Objectives: We sought to describe changes in young adults' routine care and usual sources of care (USCs), according to provider specialty, after implementation of extended dependent coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. Methods: We used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2006 to 2012 to examine young adults' receipt of routine care in the preceding year, identification of a USC, and USC provider specialties (pediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology). Results: The percentage of young adults who sought routine care increased from 42.4% in 2006 to 49.5% in 2012 (P <.001). The percentage identifying a USC remained stable at approximately 60%. Among young adults with a USC, there was a trend between 2006 and 2012 toward increasing percentages with pediatric (7.6% vs 9.1%) and family medicine (75.9% vs 80.9%) providers and declining percentages with internal medicine (11.5% vs 7.6%) and obstetrics and gynecology (5.0% vs 2.5%) providers. Conclusions: Efforts under the ACA to increase health insurance coverage had favorable effects on young adults' use of routine care. Monitoring routine care use and USC choices in this group can inform primary care workforce needs and graduate medical education priorities across specialties.
Keywords: adult;  age;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  patient attitude;  patient care;  primary health care;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  Age Factors;  Female;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Patient-Centered Care;  Primary Health Care;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302770_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Characterization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in an older population: Updated incidence and life expectancy with and without dementia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tom, S.E.
Author-Name: Hubbard, R.A.
Author-Name: Crane, P.K.
Author-Name: Haneuse, S.J.
Author-Name: Bowen, J.
Author-Name: McCormick, W.C.
Author-Name: McCurry, S.
Author-Name: Larson, E.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 408-413
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301935
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301935
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated dementia incidence rates, life expectancies with and without dementia, and percentage of total life expectancy without dementia. Methods. We studied 3605 members of Group Health (Seattle, WA) aged 65 years or older who did not have dementia at enrollment to the Adult Changes in Thought study between 1994 and 2008. We estimated incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease and dementia, as well as life expectancies with and without dementia, defined as the average number of years one is expected to live with and without dementia, and percentage of total life expectancy without dementia. Results. Dementia incidence increased through ages 85 to 89 years (74.2 cases per 1000 person-years) and 90 years or older (105 cases per 1000 person-years). Life expectancy without dementia and percentage of total life expectancy without dementia decreased with age. Life expectancy with dementia was longer in women and people with at least a college degree. Percentage of total life expectancy without dementia was greater in younger age groups, men, and those with more education. Conclusions. Efforts to delay onset of dementia, if successful, would likely benefit older adults of all ages.
Keywords: age;  aged;  Alzheimer disease;  dementia;  educational status;  female;  human;  incidence;  life expectancy;  male;  mortality;  risk factor;  sex difference;  very elderly;  Washington, Age Factors;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Alzheimer Disease;  Dementia;  Educational Status;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Life Expectancy;  Male;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301935_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Media use, sports participation, and well-being in adolescence: Cross-sectional findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Booker, C.L.
Author-Name: Skew, A.J.
Author-Name: Kelly, Y.J.
Author-Name: Sacker, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 173-179
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301783
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated the relationship between selected types of screenbased media (SBM) use, total SBM use, sports participation, and markers of wellbeing. Methods: Data came from the youth panel (n = 4899) of Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, conducted in 2009. Well-being was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and markers of happiness in different life domains. Results: The majority of young people used multiple types of SBM for at least 1 hour per day; only 30% participated in sports every day. Overall, young people with heavy SBM use were less happy than moderate users and more likely to have socioemotional difficulties. Chatting on social networking Web sites and game console use were associated with higher odds of socioemotional problems. Higher total SBM use was associated with lower odds of happiness and higher odds of socioemotional difficulties. Greater participation in sports was associated with higher odds of happiness and lower odds of socioemotional difficulties. Conclusions: Further longitudinal research could inform future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and encourage healthy lifestyles among young people.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301783_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "hidden" social networks in behavior change interventions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hunter, R.F.
Author-Name: McAneney, H.
Author-Name: Davis, M.
Author-Name: Tully, M.A.
Author-Name: Valente, T.W.
Author-Name: Kee, F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 513-516
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302399
Abstract: We investigated whether "hidden" (or unobserved) social networks were evident in a 2011 physical activity behavior change intervention in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Results showed evidence of unobserved social networks in the intervention and illustrated how the network evolved over short periods and affected behavior. Behavior change interventions should account for the interaction among participants (i.e., social networks) and how such interactions affect intervention outcome.
Keywords: health behavior;  human;  Northern Ireland;  social behavior;  social support;  sociometric status, Health Behavior;  Humans;  Northern Ireland;  Social Behavior;  Social Support;  Sociometric Techniques
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302399_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: From patchwork to package: Implementing foundational capabilities for state and local health departments (American Journal of Public Health (2015) 105:2 (e7-e10))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Author-Name: Castrucci, B.C.
Author-Name: Dilley, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369e_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regarding the regulation of dietary supplements
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: MacKay, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302708
Keywords: advertizing;  diet supplementation;  human;  marketing;  product safety;  standards, Advertising as Topic;  Consumer Product Safety;  Dietary Supplements;  Humans;  Marketing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302708_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ingram et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ingram, R.C.
Author-Name: Costich, J.F.
Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e4-e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302818
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302818
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cooperation;  government;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations, Accountable Care Organizations;  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.);  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302818_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enhancing interprofessional education: Integrating public health and social work perspectives
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Addy, C.L.
Author-Name: Browne, T.
Author-Name: Blake, E.W.
Author-Name: Bailey, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S106-S108
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302502
Abstract: National stakeholders in health system improvement and patient safety including accreditation bodies have requested health professional educational programs to include multiple interprofessional experiences through didactic and experiential opportunities. Clinical and population health faculty at the University of South Carolina redesigned and expanded an introductory interprofessional course to include more than 500 students from public health, social work, medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. Students participated in 3 live class meetings and completed required online coursework to explore concepts related to social determinants of health and health disparities, health system improvement, patient safety, cultural competency, and ethics to address interprofessional education core competencies. Course modifications and expanded student enrollment improved understanding of key health concepts and appreciation of interprofessional collaboration.
Keywords: cooperation;  curriculum;  education;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  medical education;  medical profession;  social work;  teaching;  United States, Competency-Based Education;  Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Cooperative Behavior;  Curriculum;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Health Occupations;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Social Work;  South Carolina
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302502_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Brief intervention and follow-up for suicidal patients with repeat emergency department visits enhances treatment engagement
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stanley, B.
Author-Name: Brown, G.K.
Author-Name: Currier, G.W.
Author-Name: Lyons, C.
Author-Name: Chesin, M.
Author-Name: Knox, K.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1570-1572
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302656
Abstract: We implemented an innovative, brief, easy-to-administer 2-part intervention to enhance coping and treatment engagement. The intervention consisted of safety planning and structured telephone follow-up postdischarge with 95 veterans who had 2 or more emergency department (ED) visits within 6 months for suicide-related concerns (i.e., suicide ideation or behavior). The intervention significantly increased behavioral health treatment attendance 3 months after intervention, compared with treatment attendance in the 3 months after a previous ED visit without intervention. The trend was for a decreasing hospitalization rate. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  emergency health service;  female;  human;  male;  procedures;  psychology;  psychotherapy;  public hospital;  suicidal ideation;  suicide;  Suicide, Attempted;  United States;  utilization;  veteran, Adult;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Female;  Hospitals, Veterans;  Humans;  Male;  Psychotherapy, Brief;  Suicidal Ideation;  Suicide;  Suicide, Attempted;  United States;  Veterans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302656_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enhancing stewardship of community-engaged research through governance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oetzel, J.G.
Author-Name: Villegas, M.
Author-Name: Zenone, H.
Author-Name: White Hat, E.R.
Author-Name: Wallerstein, N.
Author-Name: Duran, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1161-1167
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302457
Abstract: Objectives. We explored the relationship of community-engaged research final approval type (tribal government, health board, or public health office (TG/HB); agency staff or advisory board; or individual or no community approval) with governance processes, productivity, and perceived outcomes. Methods. We identified 294 federally funded community-engaged research projects in 2009 from the National Institutes of Health's Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention Research Centers, and Native American Research Centers for Health databases. Two hundred (68.0%) investigators completed a survey about governance processes and productivity measures; 312 partners (77.2% of 404 invited) and 138 investigators (69.0% of 200 invited) completed a survey about perceived outcomes. Results. Projects with TG/HB approval had increased likelihood of community control of resources (odds ratios [ORs] ≥ 4.80). Projects with other approvals had decreased likelihood of development or revision of institutional review board policies (ORs ≤ 0.37), having written agreements (ORs ≤ 0.17), and agreements about publishing (ORs ≤ 0.28), data use (ORs ≤ 0.17), and publishing approval (ORs ≤ 0.14). Conclusions. Community-engaged research projects with TG/HB approval had strong stewardship of project resources and agreements. Governance as stewardship protects community interests; thus, is an ethical imperative for communities, especially native communities, to adopt. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: American Indian;  ancestry group;  economics;  factual database;  financial management;  government;  human;  methodology;  national health organization;  organization and management;  participatory research;  public health;  public health service;  questionnaire;  United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Continental Population Groups;  Databases, Factual;  Financing, Government;  Government Agencies;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Public Health;  Research Design;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302457_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of US health policies on health care access for Marshallese migrants
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McElfishms, P.A.
Author-Name: Hallgren, E.
Author-Name: Yamada, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 637-643
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302452
Abstract: The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation previously under the administrative control of the United States. Since 1986, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) between the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States allows Marshall Islands citizens to freely enter, lawfully reside, and work in the United States, and provides the United States exclusive military control of the region. When the COFA was signed, COFA migrants were eligible for Medicaid and other safety net programs. However, these migrants were excluded from benefits as a consequence of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Currently, COFA migrants have limited access to health care benefits in the United States, which perpetuates health inequalities. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: ethnology;  Federated States of Micronesia;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health disparity;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  medicaid;  migration;  organization and management;  Radiation Injuries;  United States, Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Micronesia;  Radiation Injuries;  Transients and Migrants;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302452_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Beyond the cross-sectional: Neighborhood poverty histories and preterm birth
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Margerison-Zilko, C.
Author-Name: Cubbin, C.
Author-Name: Jun, J.
Author-Name: Marchi, K.
Author-Name: Fingar, K.
Author-Name: Braveman, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1174-1180
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302441
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302441
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between longitudinal neighborhood poverty trajectories and preterm birth (PTB). Methods. Using data from the Neighborhood Change Database (1970-2000) and the American Community Survey (2005-2009), we categorized longitudinal trajectories of poverty for California neighborhoods (i.e., census tracts). Birth data included 23 291 singleton California births from the Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003-2009). We estimated associations (adjusted for individual-level covariates) between PTB and longitudinal poverty trajectories and compared these to associations using traditional, cross-sectional measures of poverty. Results. Compared to neighborhoods with long-term low poverty, those with long-term high poverty and those that experienced increasing poverty early in the study period had 41% and 37% increased odds of PTB (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 1.69 and 1.09, 1.72, respectively). High (compared with low) cross-sectional neighborhood poverty was not associated with PTB (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.91, 1.28). Conclusions. Neighborhood poverty histories may contribute to an understanding of perinatal health and should be considered in future research. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: cross-sectional study;  demography;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  newborn;  poverty;  pregnancy;  pregnancy outcome;  prematurity;  prevalence;  risk factor;  United States, California;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Infant, Newborn;  Longitudinal Studies;  Poverty Areas;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Outcome;  Premature Birth;  Prevalence;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302441_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Starr responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Starr, R.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302754
Keywords: advertizing;  diet supplementation;  human;  marketing;  product safety;  standards, Advertising as Topic;  Consumer Product Safety;  Dietary Supplements;  Humans;  Marketing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302754_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editor's choice: The relevance of public health history
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 228
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302530_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Columbia public health core curriculum: Short-term impact
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Begg, M.D.
Author-Name: Fried, L.P.
Author-Name: Glover, J.W.
Author-Name: Delva, M.
Author-Name: Wiggin, M.
Author-Name: Hooper, L.
Author-Name: Saxena, R.
Author-Name: De Pinho, H.
Author-Name: Slomin, E.
Author-Name: Walker, J.R.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e7-e13
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302879
Abstract: We evaluated a transformed core curriculum for the Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health (New York, New York) master of public health (MPH) degree. The curriculum, launched in 2012, aims to teach public health as it is practiced: in interdisciplinary teams, drawing on expertise from multiple domains to address complex health challenges. We collected evaluation data starting when the first class of students entered the program and ending with their graduation in May 2014. Students reported being very satisfied with and challenged by the rigorous curriculum and felt prepared to integrate concepts across varied domains and disciplines to solve public health problems. This novel interdisciplinary program could serve as a prototype for other schools that wish to reinvigorate MPH training.
Keywords: curriculum;  education;  human;  New York;  public health;  public health student;  questionnaire;  school, Curriculum;  Educational Measurement;  Humans;  New York City;  Public Health;  Schools, Public Health;  Students, Public Health;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302879_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: No exceptions: Documenting the abortion experiences of US Peace Corps volunteers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Foster, A.M.
Author-Name: Arnott, G.
Author-Name: Parniak, S.
Author-Name: La Roche, K.J.
Author-Name: Trussell, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 41-48
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302358
Abstract: Since 1979, US federal appropriations bills have prohibited the use of federal funds from covering abortion care for Peace Corps volunteers. There are no exceptions; unlike other groups that receive health care through US federal funding streams, including Medicaid recipients, federal employees, and women in federal prisons, abortion care is not covered for volunteers even in cases of life endangerment, rape, or incest. We interviewed 433 returned Peace Corps volunteers to document opinions of, perceptions about, and experiences with obtaining abortion care. Our results regarding the abortion experiences of Peace Corps volunteers, especially those who were raped, bear witness to a profound inequity and show that the time has come to lift the "no exceptions" funding ban on abortion coverage.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302358_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preparedness for natural disasters among older US adults: A nationwide survey [Preparación de los adultos mayores en los Estados Unidos para hacer frente a los desastres naturales: Encuesta a escala nacional]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Al-Rousan, T.M.
Author-Name: Rubenstein, L.M.
Author-Name: Wallace, R.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S614-S626
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents. Methods. We sampled adults aged 50 years or older (n = 1304) from the 2010 interview survey of the Health and Retirement Study. The survey gathered data on general demographic characteristics, disability status or functional limitations, and preparedness-related factors and behaviors. We calculated a general disaster preparedness score by using individual indicators to assess overall preparedness. Results. Participant (n = 1304) mean age was 70 years (SD = 9.3). Only 34.3% reported participating in an educational program or reading materials about disaster preparation. Nearly 15% reported using electrically powered medical devices that might be at risk in a power outage. The preparedness score indicated that increasing age, physical disability, and lower educational attainment and income were independently and significantly associated with worse overall preparedness. Conclusions. Despite both greater vulnerability to disasters and continuous growth in the number of older US adults, many of the substantial problems discovered are remediable and require attention in the clinical, public health, and emergency management sectors of society. Copyright © 2015 American Public Health Association.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The contribution of missed clinic visits to disparities in HIV viral load outcomes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zinski, A.
Author-Name: Westfall, A.O.
Author-Name: Gardner, L.I.
Author-Name: Giordano, T.P.
Author-Name: Wilson, T.E.
Author-Name: Drainoni, M.-L.
Author-Name: Keruly, J.C.
Author-Name: Rodriguez, A.E.
Author-Name: Malitz, F.
Author-Name: Batey, D.S.
Author-Name: Mugavero, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2068-2075
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302695
Abstract: Objectives. We explored the contribution of missed primary HIV care visits ("no-show") to observed disparities in virological failure (VF) among Black persons and persons with injection drug use (IDU) history. Methods. We used patient-level data from 6 academic clinics, before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Resources and Services Administration Retention in Care intervention. We employed staged multivariable logistic regression and multivariable models stratified by no-show visit frequency to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with VF. We used multiple imputations to assign missing viral load values. Results. Among 10 053 patients (mean age = 46 years; 35% female; 64% Black; 15% with IDU history), 31% experienced VF. Although Black patients and patients with IDU history were significantly more likely to experience VF in initial analyses, race and IDU parameter estimates were attenuated after sequential addition of no-show frequency. In stratified models, race and IDU were not statistically significantly associated with VF at any no-show level. Conclusions. Because missed clinic visits contributed to observed differences in viral load outcomes among Black and IDU patients, achieving an improved understanding of differential visit attendance is imperative to reducing disparities in HIV.
Keywords: African American;  clinical trial;  ethnology;  female;  HIV Infections;  hospital management;  human;  male;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  patient compliance;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  virus load, African Americans;  Appointments and Schedules;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Patient Compliance;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Viral Load
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302695_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing entrepreneurship in governmental public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jacobson, P.D.
Author-Name: Wasserman, J.
Author-Name: Wu, H.W.
Author-Name: Lauer, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S318-S322
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302388
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302388
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the feasibility and desirability of public health entrepreneurship (PHE) in governmental public health. Methods: Using a qualitative case study approach with semistructured interview protocols, we conducted interviews between April 2010 and January 2011 at 32 local health departments (LHDs) in 18 states. Respondents included chief health officers and senior LHD staff, representatives from national public health organizations, health authorities, and public health institutes. Results: Respondents identified PHE through 3 overlapping practices: strategic planning, operational efficiency, and revenue generation. Clinical services offer the strongest revenue-generating potential, and traditional public health services offer only limited entrepreneurial opportunities. Barriers include civil service rules, a risk-averse culture, and concerns that PHE would compromise core public health values. Conclusions: Ongoing PHE activity has the potential to reduce LHDs' reliance on unstable general public revenues. Yet under the best of circumstances, it is difficult to generate revenue from public health services. Although governmental public health contains pockets of entrepreneurial activity, its culture does not sustain significant entrepreneurial activity. The question remains as to whether LHDs' current public revenue sources are sustainable and, if not, whether PHE is a feasible or desirable alternative.
Keywords: commercial phenomena;  financial management;  government;  human;  interview;  organization and management;  public health service;  United States, Efficiency, Organizational;  Entrepreneurship;  Financing, Organized;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Local Government;  Public Health Administration;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302388_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Vulnerable bullies: Perpetration of peer harassment among youths across sexual orientation, weight, and disability status
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eisenberg, M.E.
Author-Name: Gower, A.L.
Author-Name: McMorris, B.J.
Author-Name: Bucchianeri, M.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1784-1791
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302704
Abstract: Objectives. We examined perpetration of bullying among youths in vulnerable groups relative to youths in peer groups not categorized as vulnerable. Methods. Data were collected in 2013 from a large school-based survey of adolescents conducted in Minnesota (n = 122 180). We used the v2 test and logistic regression to compare measures of perpetration of physical and relational bullying, as well as experiences of victimization and perpetration (or both), across categories of sexual orientation, weight status, and disability status. Results. Rates of physical and relational bullying perpetration were significantly higher among youths in vulnerable groups than among those not in vulnerable groups. With respect to context of victimization experiences, young men and women from vulnerable groups were overrepresented in the group comprising both perpetrators and victims. For example, odds of being both a perpetrator and a victim were 1.41 to 3.22 times higher among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths than among heterosexual youths. Conclusions. Vulnerable youths, who are prone to peer harassment, may also act as perpetrators of bullying. Prevention strategies should address the particular needs of these populations; targeted programming may be appropriate.
Keywords: adolescent;  body weight;  bullying;  crime victim;  female;  handicapped child;  human;  male;  peer group;  psychology;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  vulnerable population, Adolescent;  Body Weight;  Bullying;  Crime Victims;  Disabled Children;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Minnesota;  Peer Group;  Sexual Behavior;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302704_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing Suicide Prevention research with rural American Indian and Alaska Native populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wexler, L.
Author-Name: Chandler, M.
Author-Name: Gone, J.P.
Author-Name: Cwik, M.
Author-Name: Kirmayer, L.J.
Author-Name: La Fromboise, T.
Author-Name: Brockie, T.
Author-Name: O'Keefe, V.
Author-Name: Walkup, J.
Author-Name: Allen, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 891-899
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302517
Abstract: As part of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention's American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Task Force, a multidisciplinary group of AI/AN suicide research experts convened to outline pressing issues related to this subfield of suicidology. Suicide disproportionately affects Indigenous peoples, and remote Indigenous communities can offer vital and unique insights with relevance to other rural and marginalized groups. Outcomes from this meeting include identifying the central challenges impeding progress in this subfield and a description of promising research directions to yield practical results. These proposed directions expand the alliance's prioritized research agenda and offer pathways to advance the field of suicide research in Indigenous communities and beyond.
Keywords: Alaska;  American Indian;  cultural competence;  ethnology;  health promotion;  health services research;  human;  indigenous health care;  Inuit;  organization and management;  rural population;  suicide, Alaska;  Cultural Competency;  Health Promotion;  Health Services Research;  Health Services, Indigenous;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Inuits;  Rural Population;  Suicide
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302517_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comparison of smoking cessation between education groups: Findings from 2 US national surveys over 2 decades
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zhuang, Y.-L.
Author-Name: Gamst, A.C.
Author-Name: Cummins, S.E.
Author-Name: Wolfson, T.
Author-Name: Zhu, S.-H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 373-379
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302222
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302222
Abstract: Objectives. We examined smoking cessation rate by education and determined how much of the difference can be attributed to the rate of quit attempts and how much to the success of these attempts. Methods. We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, 1991-2010) and the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS, 1992-2011). Smokers (≥ 25 years) were divided into lower- and higher-education groups (≤ 12 years and > 12 years). Results. A significant difference in cessation rate between the lower- and the higher-education groups persisted over the last 2 decades. On average, the annual cessation rate for the former was about two thirds that of the latter (3.5% vs 5.2%; P < .001, for both NHIS and TUS-CPS). About half the difference in cessation rate can be attributed to the difference in quit attempt rate and half to the difference in success rate. Conclusions. Smokers in the lower-education group have consistently lagged behind their higher-education counterparts in quitting. In addition to the usual concern about improving their success in quitting, tobacco control programs need to find ways to increase quit attempts in this group.
Keywords: adult;  comparative study;  educational status;  epidemiology;  health survey;  human;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Educational Status;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302222_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Meeting the tobacco cessation coverage requirement of the patient protection and affordable care act: State smoking cessation quitlines and cost sharing
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lemaire, R.H.
Author-Name: Bailey, L.
Author-Name: Leischow, S.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S699-S705
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302869
Abstract: Objectives: We explored whether various key stakeholders considered cost sharing with state telephone-based tobacco cessation quitlines, because including tobacco cessation services as part of the required essential health benefits is a new requirement of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: We analyzed qualitative data collected from interviews conducted in April and May of 2014 with representatives of state health departments, quitline service providers, health plans, and insurance brokers in 4 US states. Results: State health departments varied in the strategies they considered the role their state quitline would play in meeting the ACA requirements. Health plans and insurance brokers referred to state quitlines because they were perceived as effective and free, but in 3 of the 4 states, the private stakeholder groups did not consider cost sharing. Conclusions: If state health departments are going to initiate cost-sharing agreements with private insurance providers, then they will need to engage a broad array of stakeholders and will need to overcome the perception that state quitline services are free.
Keywords: cost;  economics;  health care policy;  hotline;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  organization and management;  procedures;  qualitative research;  smoking cessation;  United States, Cost Sharing;  Hotlines;  Humans;  Insurance Carriers;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Qualitative Research;  Smoking Cessation;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302869_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Developing the new Columbia core curriculum: A case study in managing radical curriculum change
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Fried, L.P.
Author-Name: Walker, J.R.
Author-Name: Rudenstine, S.
Author-Name: Glover, J.W.
Author-Name: Begg, M.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S17-S21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302470
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302470
Abstract: Curricular change is essential for maintaining vibrant, timely, and relevant educational programming. However, major renewal of a long-standing curriculum at an established university presents many challenges for leaders, faculty, staff, and students. We present a case study of a dramatic curriculum renewal of one of the nation's largest Master of Public Health degree programs: Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. Wediscuss context,motivation for change, the administrative structure established to support the process, data sources to inform our steps, the project timeline, methods for engaging the school community, and the extensive planning that was devoted to evaluation and communication efforts. We highlight key features that we believe are essential for successful curricular change.
Keywords: curriculum;  human;  organization;  organization and management;  program development;  school;  United States, Curriculum;  Humans;  New York;  Organizational Objectives;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302470_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Flu and finances: Influenza outbreaks and loan defaults in US cities, 2004-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Houle, J.N.
Author-Name: Collins, J.M.
Author-Name: Schmeiser, M.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e75-e80
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302671
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302671
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the association between influenza outbreaks in 83 metropolitan areas and credit card and mortgage defaults, as measured in quarterly zip code-level credit data over the period of 2004 to 2012. Methods. We used ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and 2-stage least squares instrumental variables regression strategies to examine the relationship between influenza-related Google searches and 30-, 60-, and 90-day credit card and mortgage delinquency rates. Results. We found that a proxy for influenza outbreaks is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in credit card and mortgage default rates, net of other factors. These effects are largest for 90-day defaults, suggesting that influenza outbreaks have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable borrowers who are already behind on their payments. Conclusions. Overall, it appears there is a relationship between exogenous health shocks (such as influenza) and credit default. The results suggest that consumer finances could benefit from policies that aim to reduce the financial shocks of illness, particularly for vulnerable borrowers.
Keywords: city;  cluster analysis;  cost of illness;  economics;  epidemic;  human;  Influenza, Human;  severity of illness index;  socioeconomics, Cities;  Cost of Illness;  Disease Outbreaks;  Humans;  Influenza, Human;  Severity of Illness Index;  Small-Area Analysis;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302671_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Work disability before and after diabetes diagnosis: A nationwide population-based register study in Sweden
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ervasti, J.
Author-Name: Virtanen, M.
Author-Name: Pentti, J.
Author-Name: Lallukka, T.
Author-Name: Tinghög, P.
Author-Name: Kjeldgard, L.
Author-Name: Mittendorfer-Rutz, E.
Author-Name: Alexanderson, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e22-e29
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302646
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the risk of work disability (sick leave and disability pension) before and after diabetes diagnosis relative to individuals without diabetes during the same time period, as well as the trajectory of work disability around the diagnosis. Methods. This Swedish population-based cohort study with register data included 14 428 individuals with incident diabetes in 2006 and 39 702 individuals without diabetes during 2003 to 2009. Results. Work disability was substantially higher among people with diabetes (overall mean = 95 days per year over the 7 years, SD = 143) than among those without diabetes (mean = 35 days, SD = 95). The risk of work disability was slightly higher after diabetes diagnosis than before and compared with the risk of those without diabetes. The trajectory of work disability was already increasing before diagnosis, increased even more at the time of diagnosis, and leveled off after diagnosis. Individual sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid conditions contributed both to the risk and to the trajectory of work disability. Conclusions. Although diabetes has an independent effect on work disability, sex, age, education, and comorbid conditions play a significant role. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  age;  comorbidity;  diabetes mellitus;  disabled person;  educational status;  female;  human;  incidence;  male;  medical leave;  middle aged;  pension;  register;  risk;  risk factor;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  Sweden, Adult;  Age Factors;  Comorbidity;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Disabled Persons;  Educational Status;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Pensions;  Registries;  Risk;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Sick Leave;  Sweden
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302646_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Self-implemented HIV testing: Perspectives on improving dissemination among urban African American youths
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Catania, J.A.
Author-Name: Dolcini, M.M.
Author-Name: Harper, G.W.
Author-Name: Orellana, E.R.
Author-Name: Tyler, D.H.
Author-Name: Timmons, A.
Author-Name: Motley, D.
Author-Name: Dolcini-Catania, L.G.
Author-Name: Towner, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S449-S452
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302531
Abstract: We examined the potential for increasing the reach of HIV testing to African American youths through the dissemination of oral-HIV testing. From 2012 through 2013 we examined the perceptions of alternatives to pharmacy dissemination of SITs in African American youths (5 focus groups) and service providers (4 focus groups), and conducted an ethnographic study of pharmacies (n = 10). Participants perceived significant advantages to delivering SITs through community health and services for adolescents (e.g., increased confidentiality, reduced stigma) over pharmacy dissemination. Given proper attention to fit, SIT dissemination could be facilitated through distribution by health and social service sites, and by improving elements of pharmacy dissemination.
Keywords: adolescent;  African American;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  information processing;  male;  psychology;  self care;  United States;  urban population, Adolescent;  African Americans;  Chicago;  Female;  Focus Groups;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  San Francisco;  Self Care;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302531_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Knowledge and screening of head and neck cancer among American Indians in South Dakota
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dwojak, S.
Author-Name: Deschler, D.
Author-Name: Sargent, M.
Author-Name: Emerick, K.
Author-Name: Guadagnolo, B.A.
Author-Name: Petereit, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1155-1160
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302177
Abstract: Objectives. We established the level of awareness of risk factors and early symptoms of head and neck cancer among American Indians in South Dakota and determined whether head and neck cancer screening detected clinical findings in this population. Methods. We used the European About Face survey. We added questions about human papillomavirus, a risk factor for head and neck cancer, and demographics. Surveys were administered at 2 public events in 2011. Participants could partake in a head and neck cancer screening at the time of survey administration. Results. Of the 205 American Indians who completed the survey, 114 participated in the screening. Mean head and neck cancer knowledge scores were 26 out of 44. Level of education was the only factor that predicted higher head and neck cancer knowledge (b = 0.90; P = .01). Nine (8%) people had positive head and neck cancer screening examination results. All abnormal clinical findings were in current or past smokers (P = .06). Conclusions. There are gaps in American Indian knowledge of head and neck cancer risk factors and symptoms. Community-based head and neck cancer screening in this population is feasible and may be a way to identify early abnormal clinical findings in smokers. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  American Indian;  attitude to health;  female;  Head and Neck Neoplasms;  human;  information processing;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  United States;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Head and Neck Neoplasms;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  South Dakota;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302177_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Rural populations and early periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment services: Challenges and opportunities for local public health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hale, N.L.
Author-Name: Smith, M.
Author-Name: Hardin, J.
Author-Name: Brock-Martin, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S330-S336
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302449
Abstract: Objectives: We examined geographic differences in Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) visits as the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) transitioned from direct service provision (DSP) to assuring delivery within the larger health care system. Methods: We examined infant cohorts with continuous Medicaid coverage and normal birth weights from 1995 to 2010. Outcome variables included any EPSDT visit and the ratio of observed to expected visits. Change in SCDHEC market share over time by residence was the primary variable of interest. We used growth curve models to examine changes in EPSDT visits by rural areas and levels of DSP over time. Results: A small proportion of the study population (10%) resided in rural counties that were more dependent on SCDHEC for DSP. The trajectory of not having visits among counties with high DSPs was steeper in rural areas (0.208; P = .001) compared with urban areas (0.145; P = .002). In counties with high DSPs, the slope of the predicted ratio in rural areas (-0.033; P < .001) was steeper than that of urban areas (-0.013; P < .001).. Conclusions: Health departments operations continue to transition from DSP, which might decrease access to well-child care in rural communities. Health care reform provides opportunities for health departments to work with community partners to facilitate DSP from public to private sectors.
Keywords: child health care;  demography;  health care delivery;  human;  infant;  mass screening;  medicaid;  newborn;  organization and management;  public health service;  rural population;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Child Health Services;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant, Newborn;  Mass Screening;  Medicaid;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Residence Characteristics;  Rural Population;  South Carolina;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302449_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leung, C.W.
Author-Name: Ryan-Ibarra, S.
Author-Name: Linares, A.
Author-Name: Induni, M.
Author-Name: Sugerman, S.
Author-Name: Long, M.W.
Author-Name: Rimm, E.B.
Author-Name: Willett, W.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1576-1580
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302672
Abstract: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides a vital buffer against hunger and poverty for 47.6 million Americans. Using 2013 California Dietary Practices Survey data, we assessed support for policies to strengthen the nutritional influence of SNAP. Among SNAP participants, support ranged from 74% to 93% for providing monetary incentives for fruits and vegetables, restricting purchases of sugary beverages, and providing more total benefits. Nonparticipants expressed similar levels of support. These approaches may alleviate the burden of diet-related disease in low-income populations. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  California;  female;  food assistance;  fruit;  health care policy;  human;  male;  middle aged;  motivation;  questionnaire;  vegetable;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  California;  Female;  Food Assistance;  Fruit;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motivation;  Nutrition Policy;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Vegetables;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302672_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cultural reflexivity in health research and practice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aronowitz, R.
Author-Name: Deener, A.
Author-Name: Keene, D.
Author-Name: Schnittker, J.
Author-Name: Tach, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S403-S408
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302551
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302551
Abstract: Recent public health movements have invoked cultural change to improve health and reduce health disparities. We argue that these cultural discourses have sometimes justified and maintained health inequalities when those with power and authority designated their own social practices as legitimate and healthy while labeling the practices of marginalized groups as illegitimate or unhealthy. This "misrecognition," which creates seemingly objective knowledge without understanding historical and social conditions, sustains unequal power dynamics and obscures the fact that what is deemed legitimate and healthy can be temporally, geographically, and socially relative. We use examples from research across multiple disciplines to illustrate the potential consequences of cultural misrecognition, highlight instances in which culture was invoked in ways that overcame misrecognition, and discuss how cultural reflexivity can be used to improve health research and practice.
Keywords: ancestry group;  cultural anthropology;  ethnic group;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  health services research;  human;  public health service;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Culture;  Ethnic Groups;  Health Services Research;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Public Health Practice;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302551_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Legal action against health claims on foods and beverages marketed to youth
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rutkow, L.
Author-Name: Vernick, J.S.
Author-Name: Edwards, D.M.
Author-Name: Rodman, S.O.
Author-Name: Barry, C.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 450-456
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302376
Abstract: The prevalence of obesity among US children raises numerous health concerns. One pathway to reduce childhood obesity is by decreasing energy intake through the ingestion of fewer calories. Yet, food and beverage manufacturers often promote energydense items for children via varied health claims.
Keywords: advertising;  beverage;  caloric intake;  child;  child welfare;  deception;  food;  human;  law;  legislation and jurisprudence;  marketing;  nutritional value;  Pediatric Obesity;  physiology;  prevalence;  product safety;  standards;  United States, Advertising as Topic;  Beverages;  Child;  Child Welfare;  Consumer Product Safety;  Deception;  Energy Intake;  Food;  Humans;  Legislation, Food;  Marketing;  Nutritive Value;  Pediatric Obesity;  Prevalence;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302376_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Storytelling to enhance the value of research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302548
Keywords: human;  mass communication;  organization and management;  policy;  research;  verbal communication, Diffusion of Innovation;  Humans;  Narration;  Policy;  Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302548_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Time trends in racial and ethnic disparities in asthma prevalence in the United States from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) study (1999-2011)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bhan, N.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Author-Name: Glymour, M.M.
Author-Name: Subramanian, S.V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1269-1275
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302172
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302172
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether racial/ethnic disparities in the United States increased over time. Methods. We analyzed data from 3 868 956 adults across the United States from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1999 to 2011. We used random intercepts models (individuals nested in states) to examine racial/ethnic disparities and time trends in asthma lifetime and its current prevalence, adjusted for covariates. We also investigated the heterogeneity in asthma prevalence by ethnicity of the major zone of residence. Results. Lifetime and current asthma prevalence were higher among non- Hispanic Black populations, with time trends highlighting increasing differences over time (b = 0.0078; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0043, 0.0106). Lower odds ratios (ORs) of asthma were noted for Hispanic populations (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.76). Hispanics in states with more Puerto Rican residents reported greater risks of asthma (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.93) compared with Hispanics in states with larger numbers of Mexican or other ethnicities. Conclusions. Disparities in asthma prevalence by racial/ethnic groups increased in the last decade, with non-Hispanic Blacks and Puerto Rican Hispanics at greater risk. Interventions targeting asthma treatments need to recognize racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  Asian American;  asthma;  Caucasian;  demography;  ethnology;  female;  health disparity;  health survey;  Hispanic;  human;  interview;  male;  prevalence;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Asian Americans;  Asthma;  Demography;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Population Surveillance;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302172_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization - National intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Breiding, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e11-e12
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2015:105:4:e11-e12_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Efficacy of a savings-led microfinance intervention to reduce sexual risk for HIV among women engaged in sex work: A randomized clinical trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Witte, S.S.
Author-Name: Aira, T.
Author-Name: Tsai, L.C.
Author-Name: Riedel, M.
Author-Name: Offringa, R.
Author-Name: Chang, M.
Author-Name: El-Bassel, N.
Author-Name: Ssewamala, F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e95-e102
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302291
Abstract: Objectives. We tested whether a structural intervention combining savings-led microfinance and HIV prevention components would achieve enhanced reductions in sexual risk among women engaging in street-based sex work in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, compared with an HIV prevention intervention alone.
Keywords: adult;  commercial phenomena;  controlled study;  economics;  employment;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  income;  organization and management;  Poisson distribution;  poverty;  procedures;  program evaluation;  psychology;  randomized controlled trial;  risk reduction;  sex worker;  social determinants of health;  social support;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  transmission;  trends;  women's rights, Adult;  Employment;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Income;  Poisson Distribution;  Poverty;  Program Evaluation;  Risk Reduction Behavior;  Sex Workers;  Small Business;  Social Determinants of Health;  Social Support;  Women's Rights
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302291_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Suicide risk in nursing homes and assisted living facilities: 2003-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mezuk, B.
Author-Name: Lohman, M.
Author-Name: Leslie, M.
Author-Name: Powell, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1495-1502
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302573
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302573
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the epidemiology of suicide among adults aged 50 years and older in nursing homes and assisted living facilities and whether anticipating transitioning into long-term care (LTC) is a risk factor for suicide. Methods. Data come from the Virginia Violent Death Reporting System (2003- 2011). We matched locations of suicides (n = 3453) against publicly available resource registries of nursing homes (n = 285) and assisted living facilities (n = 548). We examined individual and organizational correlates of suicide by logistic regression. We identified decedents anticipating entry into LTC through qualitative text analysis. Results. Incidence of suicide was 14.16 per 100 000 in nursing homes and 15.66 in the community. Better performance on Nursing Home Compare quality metrics was associated with higher odds of suicide in nursing homes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 3.14). Larger facility size was associated with higher suicide risk in assisted living facilities (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01). Text narratives identified 38 decedents anticipating transitioning into LTC and 16 whose loved one recently transitioned or resided in LTC. Conclusions. LTC may be an important point of engagement in suicide prevention.
Keywords: aged;  assisted living facility;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  long term care;  male;  middle aged;  nursing home;  psychology;  risk factor;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States, Aged;  Assisted Living Facilities;  Female;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Long-Term Care;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nursing Homes;  Risk Factors;  Suicide;  Virginia
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302573_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Inside Maine's medicine cabinet: Findings from the Drug Enforcement Administration's medication take-back events
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stewart, H.
Author-Name: Malinowski, A.
Author-Name: Ochs, L.
Author-Name: Jaramillo, J.
Author-Name: McCall, K., III
Author-Name: Sullivan, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e65-e71
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302207
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302207
Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated the quantity and type of medications obtained in unused-medications return programs and the proportion of medication waste. Methods: We analyzed data collected in 11 Maine cities in 2011 to 2013 during 6 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) national medication take-back events. Pharmacy doctoral student volunteers collected data under the supervision of law enforcement, independent of the DEA. Data entry into the Pharmaceutical Collection Monitoring System, through its interface with Micromedex, allowed for analysis ofmedication classification, controlled substance category, therapeutic class, and percentage of medication waste (units returned/units dispensed). Results: Medication take-back events resulted in return of 13 599 individual medications from1049 participants. We cataloged 553 019 units (capsules, tablets, milliliters, patches, or grams), representing 69.7% medication waste. Noncontrolled prescriptionmedications accounted for 56.4%of returns, followed by overthecounter medications (31.4%) and controlled prescription medications (9.1%). Conclusions: The significant quantities of medications, including controlled substances, returned and high degree of medication waste emphasize the need for medication collection programs to further public health research and improve health in our communities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302207_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health and Cuba: Trading on a two-way street [La salud pública y Cuba: Un intercambio recíproco]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S559-S562
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302847_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving population health by learning from systems and services
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mays, G.P.
Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S145-S147
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302624
Keywords: health care policy;  health services research;  health status;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  system analysis, Health Policy;  Health Services Research;  Health Status;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302624_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Incarcerated youths' perspectives on protective factors and risk factors for Juvenile offending: A qualitative analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Barnert, E.S.
Author-Name: Perry, R.
Author-Name: Azzi, V.F.
Author-Name: Shetgiri, R.
Author-Name: Ryan, G.
Author-Name: Dudovitz, R.
Author-Name: Zima, B.
Author-Name: Chung, P.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1365-1371
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302228
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to understand incarcerated youths' perspectives on the role of protective factors and risk factors for juvenile offending. Methods. We performed an in-depth qualitative analysis of interviews (conducted October-December 2013) with 20 incarcerated youths detained in the largest juvenile hall in Los Angeles. Results. The adolescent participants described their homes, schools, and neighborhoods as chaotic and unsafe. They expressed a need for love and attention, discipline and control, and role models and perspective. Youths perceived that when home or school failed to meet these needs, they spent more time on the streets, leading to incarceration. They contrasted the path through school with the path to jail, reporting that the path to jail felt easier. All of them expressed the insight that they had made bad decisions and that the more difficult path was not only better but also still potentially achievable. Conclusions. Breaking cycles of juvenile incarceration will require that the public health community partner with legislators, educators, community leaders, and youths to determine how to make success, rather than incarceration, the easier path for disadvantaged adolescents.
Keywords: adolescent;  attitude;  child;  demography;  female;  human;  interview;  juvenile delinquency;  male;  prevention and control;  prisoner;  psychology;  qualitative research;  risk factor;  school;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Attitude;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Juvenile Delinquency;  Los Angeles;  Male;  Prisoners;  Qualitative Research;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors;  Schools
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302228_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How to identify success among networks that promote active living
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Litt, J.
Author-Name: Varda, D.
Author-Name: Reed, H.
Author-Name: Retrum, J.
Author-Name: Tabak, R.
Author-Name: Gustat, J.
Author-Name: Tompkins, N.O.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2298-2305
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302828
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302828
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated organization- and network-level factors that influence organizations' perceived success. This is important for managing interorg anizational networks, which can mobilize communities to address complex health issues such as physical activity, and for achieving change. Methods. In 2011, we used structured interview and network survey data from 22 states in the United States to estimate multilevel random-intercept models to understand organization- and network-level factors that explain perceived network success. Results. A total of 53 of 59 "whole networks" met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis (89.8%). Coordinators identified 559 organizations, with 3 to 12 organizations from each network taking the online survey (response rate = 69.7%; range =33%-100%). Occupying a leadership position (P < .01), the amount of time with the network (P < .05), and support from community leaders (P < .05) emerged as correlates of perceived success. Conclusions. Organizations' perceptions of success can influence decisions about continuing involvement and investment in networks designed to promote environment and policy change for active living. Understanding these factors can help leaders manage complex networks that involve diverse memberships, varied interests, and competing community-level priorities.
Keywords: community care;  demography;  environment;  health promotion;  human;  interpersonal communication;  leadership;  organization;  organization and management;  policy;  public relations;  time;  United States, Communication;  Community Networks;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Environment;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Leadership;  Organizational Objectives;  Policy;  Residence Characteristics;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302828_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco surcharges on 2015 health insurance plans sold in federally facilitated marketplaces: Variations by age and geography and implications for health equity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Liber, A.C.
Author-Name: Drope, J.M.
Author-Name: Graetz, I.
Author-Name: Waters, T.M.
Author-Name: Kaplan, C.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S696-S698
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302694
Abstract: In 2014, few health insurance plans sold in the AffordableCareAct'sFederally Facilitated Marketplaces had age-dependent tobacco surcharges, possibly because of a system glitch. The 2015 tobacco surcharges show wide variation, with more plansimplementingtobacco surcharges that increase with age. This underscores concerns that older tobacco users will find postsubsidy health insurance premiums difficult to afford. Future monitoring of enrollment will determine whether tobacco surcharges cause adverse selection by dissuading tobacco users, particularly older users, from buying health insurance.
Keywords: adult;  economics;  fee;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  middle aged;  organization and management;  statistics and numerical data;  tobacco;  United States;  utilization, Adult;  Fees and Charges;  Health Insurance Exchanges;  Humans;  Insurance, Health;  Middle Aged;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Tobacco Products;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302694_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Borrelli responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Borrelli, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302528
Keywords: disabled person;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  walking difficulty, Disabled Persons;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mobility Limitation;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302528_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Purtle and roman respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Purtle, J.
Author-Name: Roman, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e9-e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302841
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302841
Keywords: awareness;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  public health, Awareness;  Health Education;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302841_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Zenk et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zenk, S.N.
Author-Name: Colbert, A.M.
Author-Name: Powell, L.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302718
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302718
Keywords: catering service;  human;  statistics and numerical data, Food Supply;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302718_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regular presex drinking: The importance of considering sexual orientation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gilbert, P.A.
Author-Name: Trocki, K.F.
Author-Name: Drabble, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302880
Keywords: drinking behavior;  female;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol Drinking;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Sexual Behavior;  Substance-Related Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302880_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Work safety culture of youth farmworkers in North Carolina: A pilot study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Arcury, T.A.
Author-Name: Kearney, G.D.
Author-Name: Rodriguez, G.
Author-Name: Arcury, J.T.
Author-Name: Quandt, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 344-350
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302254
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302254
Abstract: Objectives. We analyzed aspects of the behavioral, situational, and psychological elements of work safety culture of hired youth farmworkers in North Carolina. Methods. Data were from interviewer-administered questionnaires completed with 87 male and female hired farmworkers aged 10 to 17 years in North Carolina in 2013. We computed means, SDs, and Cronbach α values for the perceived work safety climate and safety perception summary scores. Results. Hired youth farmworkers in North Carolina described a negative work safety culture. Most engaged in unsafe general and unsafe work behaviors, few received training, and many were sexually harassed at work. They had mixed safety attitudes and knew that their employment was precarious. They reported a poor perceived work safety climate characterized by the perception that their supervisors "are only interested in doing the job fast and cheaply." However, we could not detect statistically significant associations between work safety culture and injuries among these farmworkers. Conclusions. Increased scrutiny of agriculture as a suitable industry for workers as young as 10 years and additional regulations to protect hired youth farmworkers, if not to remove them from this environment, are warranted. Additional research is needed.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  agriculture;  child;  female;  human;  male;  occupational health;  Occupational Injuries;  organization;  organization and management;  pilot study;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Agriculture;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  North Carolina;  Occupational Health;  Occupational Injuries;  Organizational Culture;  Pilot Projects
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302254_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A multistate asian-language tobacco quitline: Addressing a disparity in access to care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cummins, S.E.
Author-Name: Wong, S.
Author-Name: Bonnevie, E.
Author-Name: Lee, H.-R.
Author-Name: Goto, C.J.
Author-Name: Carrington, J.M.
Author-Name: Kirby, C.
Author-Name: Zhu, S.-H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2150-2155
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302418
Abstract: Objectives. We conducted a dissemination and implementation study to translate an intervention protocol for Asian-language smokers froman efficacy trial into an effective and sustainable multistate service. Methods. Three state tobacco programs (in California, Colorado, and Hawaii) promoted a multistate cessation quitline to 3 Asian-language-speaking communities: Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. The California quitline provided counseling centrally to facilitate implementation. Threemore states joined the program during the study period (January 2010?July 2012). We assessed the provision of counseling, quitting outcomes, and dissemination of the program. Results. A total of 2004 smokers called for the service, with 88.3% opting for counseling. Among those opting for counseling, the 6-month abstinence rate (18.8%) was similar to results of the earlier efficacy trial (16.4%). Conclusions. The intervention protocol, based on an efficacy trial, was successfully translated into amultistate service and further disseminated. This project paved theway for the establishment of a national quitline for Asian-language speakers, which serves as an important strategy to address disparities in access to care.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Asian American;  China;  counseling;  ethnology;  female;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  human;  male;  middle aged;  program evaluation;  smoking cessation;  South Korea;  telephone;  United States;  Viet Nam, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Asian Americans;  California;  China;  Colorado;  Counseling;  Female;  Hawaii;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Hotlines;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Program Evaluation;  Republic of Korea;  Smoking Cessation;  Vietnam
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302418_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Influence of school architecture and design on healthy eating: A review of the evidence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Frerichs, L.
Author-Name: Brittin, J.
Author-Name: Sorensen, D.
Author-Name: Trowbridge, M.J.
Author-Name: Yaroch, A.L.
Author-Name: Siahpush, M.
Author-Name: Tibbits, M.
Author-Name: Huang, T.T.-K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e46-e57
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302453
Abstract: We examined evidence regarding the influence of school physical environment on healthy-eating outcomes. We applied a systems perspective to examine multiple disciplines' theoretical frameworks and used a mixed-methods systematic narrative review method, considering both qualitative and quantitative sources (published through March 2014) for inclusion. We developed a causal loop diagram from 102 sources identified. We found evidence of the influence of many aspects of a school's physical environment on healthy-eating outcomes. The causal loop diagram highlights multilevel and interrelated factors and elucidates the specific roles of design and architecture in encouraging healthy eating within schools. Our review highlighted the gaps in current evidence and identified areas of research needed to refine and expand school architecture and design strategies for addressing healthy eating. © 2014, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: drinking water, construction work and architectural phenomena;  diet;  feeding behavior;  food handling;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  procedures;  school, Diet;  Drinking Water;  Facility Design and Construction;  Feeding Behavior;  Food Dispensers, Automatic;  Food Handling;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Schools
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302453_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Migrants in transit: The importance of monitoring HIV risk among migrant flows at the Mexico-US border
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martinez-Donate, A.P.
Author-Name: Hovell, M.F.
Author-Name: Rangel, M.G.
Author-Name: Zhang, X.
Author-Name: Sipan, C.L.
Author-Name: Magis-Rodriguez, C.
Author-Name: Gonzalez-Fagoaga, J.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 497-509
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302336
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302336
Abstract: We conducted a probability-based survey of migrant flows traveling across the Mexico-US border, and we estimated HIV infection rates, risk behaviors, and contextual factors for migrants representing 5 distinct migration phases. Our results suggest that the influence of migration is not uniform across genders or risk factors. By considering the predeparture, transit, and interception phases of the migration process, our findings complement previous studies on HIV among Mexicanmigrants conducted at the destination and return phases. Monitoring HIV risk among this vulnerable transnational population is critical for better understanding patterns of risk at different points of the migration process and for informing the development of protection policies and programs.
Keywords: adult;  attitude to health;  complication;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  high risk behavior;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  Mexico;  migration;  prevalence;  psychology;  questionnaire;  sex ratio;  sex worker;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  transmission;  United States, Adult;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Mexico;  Prevalence;  Risk-Taking;  Sex Distribution;  Sex Workers;  Sexual Behavior;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Transients and Migrants;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302336_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Characteristics of transgender residents of Massachusetts cities with high HIV prevalence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hughto, J.M.W.
Author-Name: Reisner, S.L.
Author-Name: Mimiaga, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e14-e18
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302877
Abstract: Geographic context can influence individual risk in populations disproportionately susceptible to HIV infection, such as transgender people. We examined factors associated with residing in Massachusetts cities with the highest HIV prevalence (geographic "hotspots") in a 2013 sample of 433 transgender adults who were not infected with HIV. Residing in hotspots was associated with older age, non-White race/ethnicity, low income, incarceration history, polydrug use, smoking, binge drinking, and condomless receptive anal sex during one's most recent sexual encounter with a partner who was assigned male sex at birth. Future research to understand the interpersonal and socio-structural factors that drive localized epidemics among transgender people is warranted.
Keywords: adult;  age;  binge drinking;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  income;  male;  Massachusetts;  prevalence;  risk factor;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  transgender, Adult;  Age Factors;  Binge Drinking;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Income;  Male;  Massachusetts;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302877_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "Fighting a hurricane": Tobacco industry efforts to counter the perceived threat of Islam
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Petticrew, M.
Author-Name: Lee, K.
Author-Name: Ali, H.
Author-Name: Nakkash, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1086-1093
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302494
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302494
Abstract: Islamic countries are of key importance to transnational tobacco companies as growing markets with increasing smoking rates. We analyzed internal tobacco industry documents to assess the industry's response to rising concerns about tobacco use within Islamic countries. The tobacco industry perceived Islam as a significant threat to its expansion into these emerging markets. To counter these concerns, the industry framed antismoking views in Islamic countries as fundamentalist and fanatical and attempted to recruit Islamic consultants to portray smoking as acceptable. Tobacco industry lawyers also helped develop theological arguments in favor of smoking. These findings are valuable to researchers and policy-makers seeking to implement culturally appropriate measures in Islamic countries under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: attitude to health;  cultural factor;  human;  Islam;  marketing;  organization;  politics;  tobacco industry, Attitude to Health;  Cultural Characteristics;  Humans;  Islam;  Lobbying;  Marketing;  Organizational Objectives;  Tobacco Industry
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302494_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A framework for describing health care delivery organizations and systems
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Piña, I.L.
Author-Name: Cohen, P.D.
Author-Name: Larson, D.B.
Author-Name: Marion, L.N.
Author-Name: Sills, M.R.
Author-Name: Solberg, L.I.
Author-Name: Zerzan, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 670-679
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301926
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301926
Abstract: Describing, evaluating, and conducting research on the questions raised by comparative effectiveness research and characterizing care delivery organizations of all kinds, from independent individual provider units to large integrated health systems, has become imperative. Recognizing this challenge, the Delivery Systems Committee, a subgroup of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Effective Health Care Stakeholders Group, which represents a wide diversity of perspectives on health care, created a draft framework with domains and elements that may be useful in characterizing various sizes and types of care delivery organizations and may contribute to key outcomes of interest. The framework may serve as the door to further studies in areas in which clear definitions and descriptions are lacking. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: comparative effectiveness;  financial management;  government;  health care delivery;  health care quality;  health services research;  organization;  organization and management;  patient care;  system analysis;  United States, Comparative Effectiveness Research;  Delivery of Health Care;  Financial Management;  Health Services Research;  Organizational Culture;  Patient Care;  Quality Assurance, Health Care;  Systems Analysis;  United States;  United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301926_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Life-course partnership status and biomarkers in midlife: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ploubidis, G.B.
Author-Name: Silverwood, R.J.
Author-Name: DeStavola, B.
Author-Name: Grundy, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1596-1603
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302644
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302644
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the association between trajectories of partnership status over the life course and objectively measured health indicators in midlife. Methods. We used data from 4 waves (1981, 1991, 2000, and 2002-2004) of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS), a prospective cohort study that includes all people born in Britain during 1 week in March 1958 (n = 18 558). Results. After controlling for selection attributable to early-life and early-adulthood characteristics, we found that life-course trajectories of partnership status were associated with hemostatic and inflammatory markers, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and respiratory function in midlife. Never marrying or cohabiting was negatively associated with health in midlife for both genders, but the effect was more pronounced in men. Women who had married in their late 20s or early 30s and remained married had the best health in midlife. Men and women in cohabiting unions had midlife health outcomes similar to those in formal marriages. Conclusions. Partnership status over the life course has a cumulative effect on a wide range of objectively measured health indicators in midlife. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: biological marker;  C reactive protein;  fibrin degradation product;  fibrin fragment D;  fibrinogen;  tissue plasminogen activator;  von Willebrand factor, adult;  age;  blood;  cohort analysis;  female;  health status;  human;  male;  marriage;  metabolic syndrome X;  middle aged;  sex difference;  single (marital status);  statistics and numerical data;  United Kingdom;  vital capacity;  young adult, Adult;  Age Factors;  Biomarkers;  C-Reactive Protein;  Cohort Studies;  Female;  Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products;  Fibrinogen;  Health Status;  Humans;  Male;  Marital Status;  Metabolic Syndrome X;  Middle Aged;  Sex Factors;  Single Person;  Tissue Plasminogen Activator;  United Kingdom;  Vital Capacity;  von Willebrand Factor;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302644_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Bereavement after informal caregiving: Assessing mental health burden using linked population data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Moriarty, J.
Author-Name: Maguire, A.
Author-Name: O'Reilly, D.
Author-Name: McCann, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1630-1637
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302597
Abstract: Objectives. We compared the mental health risk to unpaid caregivers bereaved of a care recipient with the risk to persons otherwise bereaved and to nonbereaved caregivers. Methods. We linked prescription records for antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs to characteristics and life-event data of members of the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (n = 317 264). Using a case-control design, we fitted logistic regression models, stratified by age, to model relative likelihood of mental health problems, using the proxy measures of mental health-related prescription. Results. Both caregivers and bereaved individuals were estimated to be at between 20% and 50% greater risk for mental health problems than noncaregivers in similar circumstances (for bereaved working-age caregivers, odds ratio = 1.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.27, 1.56). For older people, there was no evidence of additional risk to bereaved caregivers, though there was for working-age people. Older people appeared to recovermore quickly from caregiver bereavement. Conclusions. Caregivers were at risk for mental ill health while providing care and after the death of the care recipient. Targeted caregiver support needs to extend beyond the life of the care recipient. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: antidepressant agent;  anxiolytic agent, adolescent;  adult;  age;  aged;  bereavement;  caregiver;  case control study;  cost of illness;  female;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  middle aged;  Northern Ireland;  psychology;  risk factor;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  Aged;  Anti-Anxiety Agents;  Antidepressive Agents;  Bereavement;  Caregivers;  Case-Control Studies;  Cost of Illness;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Northern Ireland;  Risk Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302597_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Partners in health: A conceptual framework for the role of community health workers in facilitating patients' adoption of healthy behaviors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Katigbak, C.
Author-Name: Van Devanter, N.
Author-Name: Islam, N.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 872-880
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302411
Abstract: We formulated a conceptual framework that begins to answer the national call to improve health care access, delivery, and quality by explaining the processes through which community health workers (CHWs) facilitate patients' adoption of healthy behaviors. In September 2011 to January 2012, we conducted a qualitative study that triangulated multiple data sources: 26 in-depth interviews, training documents, and patient charts. CHWs served as partners in health to immigrant Filipinos with hypertension, leveraging their cultural congruence with intervention participants, employing interpersonal communication techniques to build trust and rapport, providing social support, and assisting with health behavior change. To drive the field forward, this work can be expanded with framework testing that may influence future CHW training and interventions.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  Asian American;  attitude to health;  cultural competence;  female;  health auxiliary;  health behavior;  human;  hypertension;  interpersonal communication;  male;  middle aged;  organization and management;  Philippines;  qualitative research;  socioeconomics, Adult;  Aged;  Asian Americans;  Communication;  Community Health Workers;  Cultural Competency;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Philippines;  Qualitative Research;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302411_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to mortality disparities in a cohort of homeless adults in Boston
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Baggett, T.P.
Author-Name: Chang, Y.
Author-Name: Singer, D.E.
Author-Name: Porneala, B.C.
Author-Name: Gaeta, J.M.
Author-Name: O'Connell, J.J.
Author-Name: Rigotti, N.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1189-1197
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302248
Abstract: Objectives. We quantified tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to mortality disparities among homeless adults. Methods. We ascertained causes of death among 28 033 adults seen at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program in 2003 to 2008. We calculated population-attributable fractions to estimate the proportion of deaths attributable to tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. We compared attributable mortality rates with those for Massachusetts adults using rate ratios and differences. Results. Of 1302 deaths, 236 were tobacco-attributable, 215 were alcoholattributable, and 286 were drug-attributable. Fifty-two percent of deaths were attributable to any of these substances. In comparison with Massachusetts adults, tobacco-attributable mortality rates were 3 to 5 times higher, alcoholattributable mortality rates were 6 to 10 times higher, and drug-attributable mortality rates were 8 to 17 times higher. Disparities in substance-attributable deaths accounted for 57% of the all-cause mortality gap between the homeless cohort and Massachusetts adults. Conclusions. In this clinic-based cohort of homeless adults, over half of all deaths were substance-attributable, but this did not fully explain the mortality disparity with the general population. Interventions should address both addiction and non-addiction sources of excess mortality. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: addiction;  adult;  alcoholism;  cause of death;  drug overdose;  epidemiology;  female;  homelessness;  human;  male;  Monte Carlo method;  mortality;  statistics and numerical data;  tobacco dependence;  United States, Adult;  Alcohol-Related Disorders;  Boston;  Cause of Death;  Drug Overdose;  Female;  Homeless Persons;  Humans;  Male;  Monte Carlo Method;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Tobacco Use Disorder
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302248_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Unequal burdens of loss: Examining the frequency and timing of homicide deaths experienced by young black men across the life course
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Smith, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S483-S490
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302535
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302535
Abstract: Objectives. I examined the frequency and developmental timing of traumatic loss resulting from the health disparity of homicide among young Black men in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods. Using a modified grounded theory approach, I conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 40 Black men (aged 18-24 years) from January 2012 to June 2013. I also constructed adapted life history calendar tools using chronologies of loss, and (1) provided a comprehensive history of loss, (2) determined a specific frequency of homicide deaths, (3) indicated participants' relationship to the decedents, and (4) identified the developmental timing of deaths. Results. On average, participants knew 3 homicide victims who were overwhelmingly peers. Participant experiences of homicide death started in early childhood, peaked in adolescence, and persisted into emerging adulthood. The traumatic loss of peer homicide was a significant developmental turning point and disrupted participants' social networks. Conclusions. The traumatic loss of peer homicide was a prevalent life course experience for young Black men and identified the need for trauma- and grief-informed interventions. Future research is needed to examine the physical and psychosocial consequences, coping resources and strategies, and developmental implications of traumatic loss for young Black men in urban contexts.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  bereavement;  homicide;  human;  interview;  life event;  male;  psychology;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  Baltimore;  Bereavement;  Homicide;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Life Change Events;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302535_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Joint effects of structural racism and income inequality on small-for-gestational-age birth
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wallace, M.E.
Author-Name: Mendola, P.
Author-Name: Liu, D.
Author-Name: Grantz, K.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1681-1688
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302613
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302613
Abstract: Objectives. We examined potential synergistic effects of racial and socioeconomic inequality associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. Methods. Electronic medical records from singleton births to White and Black women in 10 US states and the District of Columbia (n = 121 758) were linked to state-level indicators of structural racism, including the ratios of Blacks to Whites who were employed, were incarcerated, and had a bachelor's or higher degree. We used state-level Gini coefficients to assess income inequality. Generalized estimating equations models were used to quantify the adjusted odds of SGA birth associated with each indicator and the joint effects of structural racism and income inequality. Results. Structural racism indicators were associated with higher odds of SGA birth, and similar effects were observed for both races. The joint effects of racial and income inequality were significantly associated with SGA birth only when levels of both were high; in areas with high inequality levels, adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.81 to 2.11 for the 3 structural racism indicators. Conclusions. High levels of racial inequality and socioeconomic inequality appear to increase the risk of SGA birth, particularly when they co-occur. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  Caucasian;  epidemiology;  female;  health disparity;  human;  income;  racism;  small for date infant;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  African Americans;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Income;  Infant, Small for Gestational Age;  Racism;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302613_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A case-based, problem-based learning approach to prepare master of public health candidates for the complexities of global health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leon, J.S.
Author-Name: Winskell, K.
Author-Name: McFarland, D.A.
Author-Name: Del Rio, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S92-S96
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302416
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302416
Abstract: Global health is a dynamic, emerging, and interdisciplinary field. To address current and emerging global health challenges, we need a public health workforce with adaptable and collaborative problemsolving skills. In the 2013-2014 academic year, theHubertDepartment of Global Health at the Rollins School of Public Health-Emory University launched an innovative required core course for its first-year Master of Public Health students in the global health track. The course uses a case-based, problem-based learning approach to develop global health competencies. Small teams of students propose solutions to these problems by identifying learning issues and critically analyzing and synthesizing newinformation. We describe the course structure and logistics used to apply this approach in the context of a large class and share lessons learned.
Keywords: academic achievement;  curriculum;  evaluation study;  Georgia;  health;  human;  medical education;  organization and management;  peer review;  problem based learning;  procedures;  school, Competency-Based Education;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Georgia;  Global Health;  Humans;  Peer Review;  Problem-Based Learning;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302416_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Frequent emergency department visits and hospitalizations among homeless people with medicaid: Implications for medicaid expansion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lin, W.-C.
Author-Name: Bharel, M.
Author-Name: Zhang, J.
Author-Name: O'Connell, E.
Author-Name: Clark, R.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S716-S722
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302693
Abstract: Objectives: We examined factors associated with frequent hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among Medicaid members who were homeless. Methods: We included 6494 Massachusetts Medicaid members who received services from a health care for the homeless program in 2010. We used negative binomial regression to examine variables associated with frequent utilization. Results: Approximately one third of the study population had at least 1 hospitalization and two thirds had 1 or more ED visits. More than 70% of hospitalizations and ED visits were incurred by only 12% and 21% of these members, respectively. Homeless individuals with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders were at greatest risk for frequent hospitalizations and ED visits (e.g., incidence rate ratios [IRRs] = 2.9-13.8 for hospitalizations). Individuals living on the streets also had significantly higher utilization (IRR = 1.5). Conclusions: Despite having insurance coverage, homeless Medicaid members experienced frequent hospitalizations and ED visits. States could consider provisions under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (e.g., Medicaid expansion and Health Homes) jointly with housing programs to meet the needs of homeless individuals, which may improve the quality and cost effectiveness of care.
Keywords: adult;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  homeless person;  hospital emergency service;  hospitalization;  human;  insurance;  male;  Massachusetts;  medicaid;  Mental Disorders;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Female;  Homeless Persons;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Massachusetts;  Medicaid;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302693_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among nonelderly adults in a nationally representative sample
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Herman, D.
Author-Name: Afulani, P.
Author-Name: Coleman-Jensen, A.
Author-Name: Harrison, G.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e48-e59
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302712
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated whether nonelderly US adults (aged 18?64 years) in food-insecure households are more likely to report cost-related medication underuse than the food-secure, and whether the relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse differs by gender, chronic disease, and health insurance status. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n = 67 539). We examined the relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse with the χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression with interaction terms. Results. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a dose?response relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse, with an increasing likelihood of cost-related medication underuse with increasing severity of food insecurity (P < .001). This association was conditional on health insurance status, but not substantially different by gender or chronic disease status. Being female, low-income, having no or partial health insurance, chronic conditions, functional limitations, or severe mental illness were positively associated with cost-related medication underuse. Conclusions. Using food insecurity as a risk factor to assess cost-related medication underuse could help increase identification of individuals who may need assistance purchasing medications and improve health for those in food-insecure households.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  catering service;  cross-sectional study;  drug cost;  female;  human;  insurance;  male;  medication compliance;  middle aged;  risk factor;  socioeconomics, Adolescent;  Adult;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Drug Costs;  Female;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302712_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hospital contributions to the delivery of public health activities in US metropolitan areas: National and longitudinal trends
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hogg, R.A.
Author-Name: Mays, G.P.
Author-Name: Mamaril, C.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1646-1652
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302563
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated changes in hospital participation in local public health systems and the delivery of public health activities over time and assessed the relationship between hospital participation and the scope of activities available in local public health systems. Methods. We used longitudinal observations from the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems to examine how hospital contributions to the delivery of core public health activities varied in 1998, 2006, and 2012. We then used multivariate regression to assess the relationship between the level of hospital contributions and the overall availability of public health activities in the system. Results. Hospital participation in public health activities increased from 37% in 1998 to 41% in 2006 and down to 39% in 2012. Regression results indicated a positive association between hospital participation in public health activities and the total availability of public health services in the systems. Conclusions. Hospital collaboration does play an important role in the overall availability of public health services in local public health systems. Efforts to increase hospital participation in public health may have a positive impact on the scope of services provided and population health in US communities. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: cooperation;  hospital;  human;  longitudinal study;  organization and management;  procedures;  public health;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Hospitals, Urban;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302563_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association between HIV programs and quality of maternal health inputs and processes in Kenya
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kruk, M.E.
Author-Name: Jakubowski, A.
Author-Name: Rabkin, M.
Author-Name: Kimanga, D.O.
Author-Name: Kundu, F.
Author-Name: Lim, T.
Author-Name: Lumumba, V.
Author-Name: Oluoch, T.
Author-Name: Robinson, K.A.
Author-Name: El-Sadr, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S207-S210
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302511
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302511
Abstract: We assessed whether quality of maternal and newborn health services is influenced by presence of HIV programs at Kenyan health facilities using data from a national facility survey. Facilities that provided services to prevent motherto-child HIV transmission had better prenatal and postnatal care inputs, such as infrastructure and supplies, and those providing antiretroviral therapy had better quality of prenatal and postnatal care processes. HIV-related programs may have benefits for quality of care for related services in the health system.
Keywords: health care quality;  health service;  health status;  HIV Infections;  human;  Kenya;  organization and management;  prevention and control;  standards;  transmission;  vertical transmission, Health Status;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical;  Kenya;  Maternal Health Services;  Quality of Health Care
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302511_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Secular trends, race, and geographic disparity of early-stage breast cancer incidence: 25 years of surveillance in Connecticut
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Crabbe, J.C.F.
Author-Name: Gregorio, D.I.
Author-Name: Samociuk, H.
Author-Name: Swede, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e64-e70
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302640
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302640
Abstract: Objectives. We considered changes in the geographic distribution of early stage breast cancer among White and non-White women while secular trends in lifestyle and health care were under way. Methods. We aggregated tumor registry and census data by age, race, place of residence, and year of diagnosis to evaluate rate variation across Connecticut census tracts between 1985 and 2009. Global and local cluster detection tests were completed. Results. Age-adjusted incidence rates increased by 2.71% and 0.44% per year for White and non-White women, respectively. Significant global clustering was identified during surveillance of these populations, but the elements of clustering differed between groups. Among White women, fewer local clusters were detected after 1985 to 1989, whereas clustering increased over time among non-Whitewomen. Conclusions. Small-area variation of breast cancer incidence rates across time periods proved to be dynamic and race-specific. Incidence rates might have been affected by secular trends in lifestyle or health care. Single cross-sectional analyses might have confused our understanding of disease occurrence by not accounting for the social context in which patient preferences or provider capacity influence the numbers and locations of diagnosed cases. Serial analyses are recommended to identify "hot spots" where persistent geographic disparities in incidence occur.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  ancestry group;  Breast Neoplasms;  cluster analysis;  ethnology;  female;  geography;  health survey;  human;  incidence;  mammography;  middle aged;  prognosis;  radiography;  register;  survival;  United States;  utilization;  very elderly, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Breast Neoplasms;  Connecticut;  Continental Population Groups;  Female;  Geography;  Humans;  Incidence;  Mammography;  Middle Aged;  Population Surveillance;  Prognosis;  Registries;  Small-Area Analysis;  Survival Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302640_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Neighborhood-based socioeconomic position and risk of oral clefts among offspring
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lupo, P.J.
Author-Name: Danysh, H.E.
Author-Name: Symanski, E.
Author-Name: Langlois, P.H.
Author-Name: Cai, Y.
Author-Name: Swartz, M.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2518-2525
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302804
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302804
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the association between maternal neighborhood socio economic position (SEP) and the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or cleft palate alone (CP) in offspring. Methods. We obtained information on CL±P (n = 2555) and CP (n = 1112) cases and unaffected controls (n = 14 735) among infants delivered during 1999 to 2008 from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. Neighborhood SEP variables, drawn from the 2000 US Census, included census tract-level poverty, education, unemployment, occupation, housing, and crowding, from which we created a composite neighborhood deprivation index (NDI). We used mixed-effects logistic regression to evaluate neighborhood SEP and oral clefts. Results. Mothers with CL±P-affected offspring were more likely to live in high-NDI (adverse) areas than mothers with unaffected offspring (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.37). This association was strongest among Hispanic mothers (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.62). No associations were observed with CP. Conclusions. Using data from one of the world's largest active surveillance birth defects registries, we found that adverse neighborhood SEP is modestly associated with CL±P, especially among Hispanics. These findings may have important implications for health disparities prevention.
Keywords: adult;  case control study;  cleft lip;  cleft palate;  demography;  female;  human;  male;  newborn;  poverty;  pregnancy;  prenatal exposure;  register;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  Texas;  young adult, Adult;  Case-Control Studies;  Cleft Lip;  Cleft Palate;  Female;  Humans;  Infant, Newborn;  Male;  Poverty;  Pregnancy;  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects;  Registries;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Texas;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302804_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Coverage gains after the affordable care act among the uninsured in Minnesota
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Call, K.T.
Author-Name: Lukanen, E.
Author-Name: Spencer, D.
Author-Name: Alarcón, G.
Author-Name: Pintor, J.K.
Author-Name: Simon, A.B.
Author-Name: Gildemeister, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S658-S664
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302837
Abstract: Objectives: We determined whether and how Minnesotans who were uninsured in 2013 gained health insurance coverage in 2014, 1 year after the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid coverage and enrollment. Methods: Insurance status and enrollment experiences came from the Minnesota Health Insurance Transitions Study (MH-HITS), a follow-up telephone survey of children and adults in Minnesota who had no health insurance in the fall of 2013. Results: ACA had a tempered success in Minnesota. Outreach and enrollment efforts were effective; one half of those previously uninsured gained coverage, although many reported difficulty signing up (nearly 62%). Of the previously uninsured who gained coverage, 44% obtained their coverage through MNsure, Minnesota's insurance marketplace. Most of those who remained uninsured heard of MNsure and went to the Web site. Many still struggled with the enrollment process or reported being deterred by the cost of coverage. Conclusions: Targeting outreach, simplifying the enrollment process, focusing on affordability, and continuing funding for in-person assistance will be important in the future.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  child;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  infant;  insurance;  male;  medicaid;  medically uninsured;  middle aged;  Minnesota;  newborn;  preschool child;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Female;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant, Newborn;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Medicaid;  Medically Uninsured;  Middle Aged;  Minnesota;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302837_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Eaton et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eaton, N.R.
Author-Name: Thompson, R.G., Jr.
Author-Name: Hasin, D.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302906
Keywords: drinking behavior;  female;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol Drinking;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Sexual Behavior;  Substance-Related Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302906_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Peter Bourne's drug policy and the perils of a public health ethic, 1976-1978
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Clark, C.D.
Author-Name: Dufton, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 283-292
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302233
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302233
Abstract: As President Jimmy Carter's advisor for health issues, Peter Bourne promoted a rational and comprehensive drug strategy that combined new supply-side efforts to prevent drug use with previously established demand-side addiction treatment programs. Using a public health ethic that allowed the impact of substances on overall population health to guide drug control, Bourne advocated for marijuana decriminalization as well as increased regulations for barbiturates. A hostile political climate, a series of rumors, and pressure from both drug legalizers and prohibitionists caused Bourne to resign in disgrace in 1978. We argue that Bourne's critics used his own public health framework to challenge him, describe the health critiques that contributed to Bourne's resignation, and present the story of his departure as a cautionary tale for today's drug policy reformers.
Keywords: cannabis;  prescription drug, drug legislation;  ethics;  health care policy;  history;  human;  public health;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States, Cannabis;  Health Policy;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Legislation, Drug;  Prescription Drugs;  Public Health;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302233_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association between neighborhood disadvantage and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in older adults: Results from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buys, D.R.
Author-Name: Howard, V.J.
Author-Name: McClure, L.A.
Author-Name: Buys, K.C.
Author-Name: Sawyer, P.
Author-Name: Allman, R.M.
Author-Name: Levitan, E.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1181-1188
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302048
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the effect of neighborhood disadvantage (ND) on older adults' prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Methods. Data were from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging, an observational study of 1000 community-dwelling Black and White Alabamians aged 65 years and older, in 1999 to 2001. We assessed hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control with blood pressure measurements and self-report data. We assessed ND with US Census data corresponding with participants' census tracts, created tertiles of ND, and fit models with generalized estimating equations via a logit link function with a binomial distribution. Adjusted models included variables assessing personal advantage and disadvantage, place-based factors, sociodemographics, comorbidities, and health behaviors. Results. Living in mid-ND (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 2.1) and high-ND tertiles (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.3) was associated with higher hypertension prevalence, and living in high-ND tertiles was associated with lower odds of controlled hypertension (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.6). In adjusted models, ND was not associated with hypertension awareness or treatment. Conclusions. These findings show that neighborhood environmental factors matter for hypertension outcomes and suggest the importance of ND for hypertension management in older adults. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: aged;  attitude to health;  comorbidity;  female;  health behavior;  human;  hypertension;  longitudinal study;  male;  poverty;  prevalence;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  United States, Aged;  Alabama;  Comorbidity;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Poverty Areas;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302048_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increasing access to dental and medical care by allowing greater flexibility in scope of practice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Manski, R.J.
Author-Name: Hoffmann, D.
Author-Name: Rowthorn, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1755-1762
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302654
Abstract: In recent years, advocates for increasing access to medical and oral health care have argued for expanding the scope of practice of dentists and physicians. Although this idea may have merit, significant legal and other barriers stand in the way of allowing dentists to do more primary health care, physicians to do more oral health care, and both professions to collaborate. State practice acts, standards of care, and professional school curricula all support the historical separation between the 2 professions. Current laws do not contemplate working across professional boundaries, leaving providers who try vulnerable to legal penalties. Here we examine the legal, regulatory, and training barriers to dental andmedical professionals performing services outside their traditional scope of practice.
Keywords: clinical practice;  curriculum;  dental education;  health care delivery;  health care manpower;  health care policy;  health care quality;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  licensing;  manpower;  medical education;  physician attitude;  primary health care;  professional practice;  trends;  United States, Curriculum;  Dentist's Practice Patterns;  Education, Dental;  Education, Medical;  Health Manpower;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Licensure;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Physician's Practice Patterns;  Physician's Role;  Primary Health Care;  Professional Practice;  Quality of Health Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302654_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Small is essential: Importance of subpopulation research in cancer control
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Srinivasan, S.
Author-Name: Moser, R.P.
Author-Name: Willis, G.
Author-Name: Riley, W.
Author-Name: Alexander, M.
Author-Name: Berrigan, D.
Author-Name: Kobrin, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S371-S373
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302267
Keywords: ancestry group;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  human;  medical research;  national health organization;  Neoplasms;  United States, Biomedical Research;  Continental Population Groups;  Epidemiologic Methods;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Neoplasms;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302267_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Measuring public health practice and outcomes in chronic disease: A call for coordination
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Porterfield, D.S.
Author-Name: Rogers, T.
Author-Name: Glasgow, L.M.
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S180-S188
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302238
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302238
Abstract: A strategic opportunity exists to coordinate public health systems and services researchers' efforts to develop local health department service delivery measures and the efforts of divisions within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) to establish outcome indicators for public health practice in chronic disease. Several sets of outcome indicators developed by divisions within NCCDPHP and intended for use by state programs can be tailored to assess outcomes of interventions within smaller geographic areas or intervention settings. Coordination of measurement efforts could potentiallyallow information to flow from the local to the state to the federal level, enhancing program planning, accountability, and even subsequent funding for public health practice.
Keywords: chronic disease;  health services research;  human;  organization and management;  program evaluation;  public health service;  United States, Chronic Disease;  Efficiency, Organizational;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Program Evaluation;  Public Health Practice;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302238_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Putting the mouth back in the head: HEENT to HEENOT
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Haber, J.
Author-Name: Hartnett, E.
Author-Name: Allen, K.
Author-Name: Hallas, D.
Author-Name: Dorsen, C.
Author-Name: Lange-Kessler, J.
Author-Name: Lloyd, M.
Author-Name: Thomas, E.
Author-Name: Wholihan, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 437-441
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302495
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302495
Abstract: Improving oral health is a leading population health goal; however, curricula preparing health professionals have a dearth of oral health content and clinical experiences.
Keywords: clinical competence;  comorbidity;  curriculum;  dental education;  dental procedure;  education;  educational model;  health;  health care delivery;  health care personnel;  human;  interdisciplinary education;  manpower;  New York;  nursing education;  organization;  organization and management;  public relations;  standards;  trends, Clinical Competence;  Comorbidity;  Curriculum;  Dental Health Services;  Education, Dental;  Education, Nursing;  Health Personnel;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Studies;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Interprofessional Relations;  Models, Educational;  New York;  Oral Health;  Organizational Innovation;  Schools, Dental;  Schools, Nursing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302495_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual minority health disparities in adult men and women in the United States: National health and nutrition examination survey, 2001?2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Operario, D.
Author-Name: Gamarel, K.E.
Author-Name: Grin, B.M.
Author-Name: Lee, J.H.
Author-Name: Kahler, C.W.
Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L.
Author-Name: Van Den Berg, J.J.
Author-Name: Zaller, N.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e27-e34
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302762
Abstract: Objectives. We used nationally representative data to investigate health disparities associated with sexual minority status among adults in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from 11 114 adults who participated in the 2001 to 2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multiple logistic regressions, we examined the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, cigarette smoking, and alcohol and illicit drug use in sexual minorities and heterosexual adults. Results. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, sexual minority men had greater odds of mental health problems, testing positive for HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 and self-reported gonorrhea and chlamydia. Sexual minority women had greater odds of mental health problems, testing positive for hepatitis C, smoking, heavy drinking, and illicit drug use. Conclusions. Numerous health disparities continue to face sexual minority men and women in the United States. Notably, health disparities persisted beyond the role of sociodemographic factors, including access to insurance and primary care, suggesting that further research is warranted to identify the determinants of health inequity for sexual minorities.
Keywords: adult;  epidemiology;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  minority health;  nutrition;  sexuality;  United States, Adult;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Minority Health;  Nutrition Surveys;  Sexuality;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302762_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health benefits of green public housing: Associations with asthma morbidity and building-related symptoms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Colton, M.D.
Author-Name: Laurent, J.G.C.
Author-Name: MacNaughton, P.
Author-Name: Kane, J.
Author-Name: Bennett-Fripp, M.
Author-Name: Spengler, J.
Author-Name: Adamkiewicz, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2482-2489
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302793
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations of several health outcomes with green and conventional low-income housing, where the prevalence of morbidities and environmental pollutants is elevated. Methods. We used questionnaires and a visual inspection to compare sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and asthma-related morbidity among residents in multifamily units in Boston, Massachusetts, between March 2012 and May 2013. Follow-up was approximately 1 year later. Results. Adults living in green units reported 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 2.05) fewer SBS symptoms than those living in conventional (control) homes (P < .001). Furthermore, asthmatic children living in green homes experienced substantially lower risk of asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.00), asthma attacks (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88), hospital visits (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.88), and asthma-related school absences (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.74) than children living in conventional public housing. Conclusions. Participants living in green homes had improved health outcomes, which remained consistent over the study period. Green housing may provide a significant value in resource-poor settings where green construction or renovation could simultaneously reduce harmful indoor exposures, promote resident health, and reduce operational costs.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  asthma;  female;  housing;  human;  male;  Massachusetts;  middle aged;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  sick building syndrome;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  very elderly;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Asthma;  Boston;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Public Housing;  Risk Factors;  Sick Building Syndrome;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302793_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The HIV care cascade before, during, and after incarceration: A systematic review and data synthesis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Iroh, P.A.
Author-Name: Mayo, H.
Author-Name: Nijhawan, A.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: e5-e16
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302635
Abstract: We conducted a systematic literature review of the data on HIV testing, engagement in care, and treatment in incarcerated persons, and estimated the care cascade in this group. We identified 2706 titles in MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases for studies indexed to January 13, 2015, and included 92 for analysis. We summarized HIV testing results by type (blinded, opt-out, voluntary); reviewed studies on HIV care engagement, treatment, and virological suppression; and synthesized these results into an HIV care cascade before, during, and after incarceration. The HIV care cascade following diagnosis increased during incarceration and declined substantially after release, often to levels lower thanbeforeincarceration. Incarceration provides an opportunitytoaddressHIVcare in hard-to-reach individuals, though new interventions are needed to improve postrelease care continuity.
Keywords: Canada;  HIV Infections;  human;  organization and management;  patient care;  prison;  prisoner;  serodiagnosis;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, AIDS Serodiagnosis;  Canada;  Continuity of Patient Care;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Prisoners;  Prisons;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302635_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Kenney et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kenney, E.L.
Author-Name: Long, M.W.
Author-Name: Cradock, A.L.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e6-e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302846
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302846
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302846_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Innovating in health care management education: Development of an accelerated MBA and MPH degree program at Yale
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pettigrew, M.M.
Author-Name: Forman, H.P.
Author-Name: Pistell, A.F.
Author-Name: Nembhard, I.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S68-S72
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302252
Abstract: Increasingly, there is recognition of the need for individuals with expertise in bothmanagement and public health to help health care organizations deliver highqualityandcost-effectivecare. The Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Management began offering an accelerated Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Public Health (MPH) joint degree program in the summer of 2014. This new program enables students to earn MBA and MPH degrees simultaneously from 2 fully accredited schools in 22 months. Students will graduate with the knowledge and skills needed to become innovative leaders of health care organizations. We discuss the rationale for the program, the developmental process, the curriculum, benefits of the program, and potential challenges.
Keywords: academic achievement;  commercial phenomena;  curriculum;  education;  human;  leadership;  medical education;  organization and management;  program development;  school;  United States, Commerce;  Competency-Based Education;  Connecticut;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Leadership;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302252_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Civilizing residents, tuberculosis control, and public health: 2011 Poster
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fan, K.-W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1522
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302750
Keywords: China;  health promotion;  human;  procedures;  public health;  publication;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, China;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Posters as Topic;  Public Health;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302750_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence of inadequate hydration among US children and disparities by gender and race/ethnicity: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kenney, E.L.
Author-Name: Long, M.W.
Author-Name: Cradock, A.L.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e113-e118
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302572
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302572
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the hydration status of US children and adolescents. Methods. The sample included 4134 participants aged 6 to 19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2012. We calculated mean urine osmolality and the proportion with inadequate hydration (urine osmolality > 800 mOsm/kg). We calculated multivariable regression models to estimate the associations between demographic factors, beverage intake, and hydration status. Results. The prevalence of inadequate hydration was 54.5%. Significantly higher urine osmolality was observed among boys (+92.0 mOsm/kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.5, 114.6), non-Hispanic Blacks (+67.6 mOsm/kg; 95% CI = 31.5, 103.6), and younger children (+28.5 mOsm/kg; 95% CI = 8.1, 48.9) compared with girls, Whites, and older children, respectively. Boys (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.49, 2.07) and non-Hispanic Blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.74) were also at significantly higher risk for inadequate hydration. An 8-fluid-ounce daily increase in water intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of inadequate hydration (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93, 0.98). Conclusions. Future research should explore drivers of gender and racial/ethnic disparities and solutions for improving hydration status. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  ancestry group;  child;  dehydration;  ethnic group;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  nutrition;  osmolarity;  prevalence;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  urine;  young adult, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Child;  Continental Population Groups;  Dehydration;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Nutrition Surveys;  Osmolar Concentration;  Prevalence;  Sex Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302572_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Our practice is our passion: Development and delivery of a 21st-century doctor of public health program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: DeBate, R.D.
Author-Name: Petersen, D.J.
Author-Name: Wathington, D.
Author-Name: Wolfe-Quintero, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S27-S33
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302304
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302304
Abstract: Twenty-first century advances have significantly altered the functions of public health professionals, resulting in a need for advanced level training in community health leadershipandpracticeoriented research without interruption of professional careers. We present an example of an innovative Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) program developed at the University of South Florida College of Public Health. This program incorporates 21st century public health competencies within a competency-based curricular model, delivered in a hybrid format (fall or spring online delivery and a 1-week face-to-face summer institute) in collaboration between academic and practice-based public health professionals at local and national levels. This revised competencybased program is an example of howtomeet the needs of the 21st century public health practitioners while maintaining their connections to the practice world.
Keywords: curriculum;  human;  medical education;  organization and management;  program development;  school;  teacher;  teaching;  United States, Competency-Based Education;  Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Florida;  Humans;  Mentors;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302304_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Network interventions on physical activity in an afterschool program: An agent-based social network study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zhang, J.
Author-Name: Shoham, D.A.
Author-Name: Tesdahl, E.
Author-Name: Gesell, S.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S236-S243
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302277
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302277
Abstract: Objectives: We studied simulated interventions that leveraged social networks to increase physical activity in children. Methods: We studied a real-world social network of 81 children (average age = 7.96 years) who lived in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods, and attended public schools and 1 of 2 structured afterschool programs. The sample was ethnically diverse, and 44%were overweight or obese. We used social network analysis and agent-based modeling simulations to test whether implementing a network intervention would increase children's physical activity. We tested 3 intervention strategies. Results: The intervention that targeted opinion leaders was effective in increasing the average level of physical activity across the entire network. However, the intervention that targeted the most sedentary children was the best at increasing their physical activity levels. Conclusions: Which network intervention to implement depends on whether the goal is to shift the entire distribution of physical activity or to influence those most adversely affected by low physical activity. Agentbased modeling could be an important complement to traditional project planning tools, analogous to sample size and power analyses, to help researchers design more effective interventions for increasing children's physical activity.
Keywords: child;  exercise;  female;  health promotion;  human;  male;  morphometrics;  organization;  organization and management;  Overweight;  poverty;  program evaluation;  public health;  school;  sedentary lifestyle;  social support;  socioeconomics, Body Weights and Measures;  Child;  Exercise;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Organizational Objectives;  Overweight;  Poverty Areas;  Program Evaluation;  Public Health;  Schools;  Sedentary Lifestyle;  Social Support;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302277_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mental health diagnoses 3 years after receiving or being denied an abortion in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Biggs, M.A.
Author-Name: Neuhaus, J.M.
Author-Name: Foster, D.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2557-2563
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302803
Abstract: Objectives. We set out to assess the occurrence of new depression and anxiety diagnoses in women 3 years after they sought an abortion. Methods. We conducted semiannual telephone interviews of 956 women who sought abortions from 30 US facilities. Adjusted multivariable discrete-time logistic survival models examined whether the study group (women who obtained abortions just under a facility's gestational age limit, who were denied abortions and carried to term, who were denied abortions and did not carry to term, and who received first-trimester abortions) predicted depression or anxiety onset during seven 6-month time intervals. Results. The 3-year cumulative probability of professionally diagnosed depression was 9% to 14%; for anxiety it was 10% to 15%, with no study group differences. Women in the first-trimester group and women denied abortions who did not give birth had greater odds of new self-diagnosed anxiety than did women who obtained abortions just under facility gestational limits. Conclusions. Among women seeking abortions near facility gestational limits, those who obtained abortions were at no greater mental health risk than were women who carried an unwanted pregnancy to term.
Keywords: adult;  adverse effects;  anxiety;  depression;  female;  gestational age;  human;  induced abortion;  interview;  legal abortion;  longitudinal study;  patient attitude;  pregnancy;  prospective study;  psychology;  risk factor;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Abortion, Induced;  Abortion, Legal;  Adult;  Anxiety;  Depression;  Female;  Gestational Age;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Logistic Models;  Longitudinal Studies;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Pregnancy;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302803_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Squeezing blood from a stone: How income inequality affects the health of the American workforce
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Williams, J.A.R.
Author-Name: Rosenstock, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 616-621
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302424
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302424
Abstract: Income inequality is very topical - in both political and economic circles - but although income and socioeconomic status are known determinants of health status, income inequality has garnered scant attention with respect to the health of US workers. By several measures, income inequality in the United States has risen since 1960. In addition to pressures from an increasingly competitive labor market, with cash wages losing out to benefits, workers face pressures from changes in work organization. We explored these factors and the mounting evidence of income inequality as a contributing factor to poorer health for the workforce. Although political differences may divide the policy approaches undertaken, addressing income inequality is likely to improve the overall social and health conditions for those affected. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All right reserved.
Keywords: age;  economics;  employment;  health care personnel;  health disparity;  human;  income;  organization and management;  salary and fringe benefit;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Age Factors;  Employment;  Health Personnel;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Income;  Salaries and Fringe Benefits;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302424_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A call to shift the public health focus away from weight
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hunger, J.M.
Author-Name: Tomiyama, A.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302845
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302845
Keywords: body weight;  female;  human;  male;  obesity;  pathophysiology;  weight reduction, Female;  Humans;  Ideal Body Weight;  Male;  Obesity;  Weight Loss
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302845_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Homonegative attitudes and risk behaviors for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among sexually active men in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jeffries, W.L., IV
Author-Name: Johnson, O.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2466-2472
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302780
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between homonegative attitudes and HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) risk behaviors among sexually active US men. Methods. We used the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (n = 10 403) and multivariable logistic regression models to examine homonegative attitudes in relation to condom use, number of past-year sex partners, HIV/STI testing, and STI diagnoses. Results. Among men who had sex with men, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during anal sex with women (before the past year) and past-year STI testing. Among men who had sex with men and women, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during vaginal sex and sex with men, having 4 or more partners, and HIV testing ever. Among men who had sex with women, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during vaginal sex and sex with men (before the past year), HIV testing ever, and contracting herpes, human papillomavirus, or syphilis. Conclusions. Homonegative attitudes may promote HIV/STI acquisition and transmission among sexually active men of all sexual orientations. Interventions should address homonegative attitudes in the United States.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  bisexuality;  heterosexuality;  HIV Infections;  homophobia;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  middle aged;  psychology;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  unsafe sex;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Bisexuality;  Heterosexuality;  HIV Infections;  Homophobia;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  United States;  Unsafe Sex;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302780_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transnational, social, and neighborhood ties and smoking among Latino immigrants: Does gender matter?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Alcántara, C.
Author-Name: Molina, K.M.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 741-749
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301964
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301964
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether transnational ties, social ties, and neighborhood ties were independently associated with current smoking status among Latino immigrants. We also tested interactions to determine whether these associations were moderated by gender. Methods. We conducted a series of weighted logistic regression analyses (i.e., economic remittances, number of return visits, friend support, family support, and neighborhood cohesion) using the Latino immigrant subsample (n = 1629) of the National Latino and Asian American Study in 2002 and 2003. Results. The number of past-year return visits to the country-of-origin was positively associated with current smoker status. Gender moderated the association between economic remittances, friend support, and smoking. Remittance behavior had a protective association with smoking, and this association was particularly pronounced for Latino immigrant women. Friendship support lowered the odds of smoking among men, but not women. Conclusions. Our results underscore the growing importance of transnational networks for understanding Latino immigrant health and the gendered patterns of the associations between social ties, transnational ties, and health risk behaviors. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  demography;  ethnology;  female;  friend;  health behavior;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  migrant;  sex difference;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Friends;  Health Behavior;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Residence Characteristics;  Sex Factors;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301964_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving access and provision of preventive oral health care for very young, poor, and low-income children through a new interdisciplinary partnership
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Biordi, D.L.
Author-Name: Heitzer, M.
Author-Name: Mundy, E.
Author-Name: DiMarco, M.
Author-Name: Thacker, S.
Author-Name: Taylor, E.
Author-Name: Huff, M.
Author-Name: Marino, D.
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e26-e29
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302486
Abstract: Objectives: We provided oral health care services at 2 sites using a nurse practitioner-dietitian team to increase dental workforce capacity and improve access to care for low-income preschool children. Methods: Our team provided oral health assessments and education, fluoride varnish application, and dentist referrals. The primary endpoint was participants' access to oral health care. Secondary endpoints included increasing the practice scope of registered dietitians through training programs for oral health assessment and the application of fluoride varnishes for children. The oral health and hygiene and dietary habits of the participants were also determined. Results. From 2010 to 2013, 4360 children received fluoride varnishes in 7195 total visits. Although the proportion of children with dental caries at the first visit was greater at the urban site, both sites were similar by visits 2 and 3. The number of caries declined with increased program visits, which coincided with an increase in the proportion of participants visiting a dentist. Conclusions. Progress toward eliminating dental health disparities requires addressing barriers to dental care access. We showed that expanding access to oral health services through nurse practitioner-dietitian cooperation improved access to preventive fluoride varnishing use in low-income children.
Keywords: fluoride varnish, clinical trial;  dental caries;  dental procedure;  dietitian;  female;  health care delivery;  health education;  human;  infant;  male;  medicaid;  multicenter study;  nurse practitioner;  organization and management;  preschool child;  public relations;  rural population;  socioeconomics;  United States;  urban population, Child, Preschool;  Dental Care for Children;  Dental Caries;  Female;  Fluorides, Topical;  Health Education;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Infant;  Interprofessional Relations;  Male;  Medicaid;  Nurse Practitioners;  Nutritionists;  Rural Population;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302486_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing structural and environmental factors for adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sommer, M.
Author-Name: Mmari, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1973-1981
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302740
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302740
Abstract: A deeper understanding of how structure and environment shape the sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities of youths across a range of outcomes has implications for the development of successful policies and programs. We have discussed some of the key structural and environmental factors that influence the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and the importance of engaging adolescents in identifying solutions. We have highlighted 2 case studies that describe structural or environmental approaches to improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health and made recommendations to more systematically incorporate attention to structure and environment to improve global adolescent health.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  child health care;  cultural anthropology;  developing country;  female;  health care delivery;  health service;  health services research;  human;  male;  mass medium;  organization and management;  poverty;  reproductive health;  sexual behavior;  social environment;  urban population, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Adolescent Health Services;  Culture;  Developing Countries;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Male;  Mass Media;  Poverty;  Reproductive Health;  Reproductive Health Services;  Sexual Behavior;  Social Environment;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302740_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of reproductive health legislation on family planning clinic services in Texas
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: White, K.
Author-Name: Hopkins, K.
Author-Name: Aiken, A.R.A.
Author-Name: Stevenson, A.
Author-Name: Hubert, C.
Author-Name: Grossman, D.
Author-Name: Potter, J.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 851-858
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302515
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302515
Abstract: We examined the impact of legislation in Texas that dramatically cut and restricted participation in the state's family planning program in 2011 using surveys and interviews with leaders at organizations that received family planning funding. Overall, 25% of family planning clinics in Texas closed. In 2011, 71% of organizations widely offered long-acting reversible contraception; in 2012-2013, only 46% did so. Organizations served 54% fewer clients than they had in the previous period. Specialized family planning providers, which were the targets of the legislation, experienced the largest reductions in services, but other agencies were also adversely affected. The Texas experience provides valuable insight into the potential effects that legislation proposed in other states may have on low-income women's access to family planning services.
Keywords: contraception;  economics;  family planning;  health services research;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  organization and management;  procedures;  reproductive health;  supply and distribution;  Texas, Contraception;  Family Planning Services;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Reproductive Health;  Texas
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302515_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of racial prejudice on the health of communities: A multilevel survival analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, Y.
Author-Name: Muennig, P.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Author-Name: Hatzenbuehler, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2349-2355
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302776
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether and how racial prejudice at both the individual and community levels contributes tomortality risk among majority as well as minority group members. Methods. We used data on racial attitudes from the General Social Survey (1993-2002) prospectively linked to mortality data from the National Death Index through 2008. Results. Whites and Blacks living in communities with higher levels of racial prejudice were at an elevated risk of mortality, independent of individual and community sociodemographic characteristics and individually held racist beliefs (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 1.49). Living in a highly prejudiced community had similar harmful effects among both Blacks and Whites. Furthermore, the interaction observed between individual- and community-level racial prejudice indicated that respondents with higher levels of racial prejudice had lower survival rates if they lived in communities with low degrees of racial prejudice. Community-level social capital explained the relationship between community racial prejudice and mortality. Conclusions. Community-level racial prejudice may disrupt social capital, and reduced social capital is associated with increased mortality risk among both Whites and Blacks. Our results contribute to an emerging body of literature documenting the negative consequences of prejudice for population health.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  California;  Caucasian;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  human relation;  male;  middle aged;  minority group;  mortality;  multilevel analysis;  prospective study;  racism;  social capital;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  African Americans;  California;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Humans;  Interpersonal Relations;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Minority Groups;  Mortality;  Multilevel Analysis;  Prospective Studies;  Racism;  Residence Characteristics;  Social Capital;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302776_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regularly drinking alcohol before sexual activity in a nationally representative sample: Prevalence, sociodemographics, and associations with psychiatric and substance use disorders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eaton, N.R.
Author-Name: Thompson, R.G., Jr.
Author-Name: Hu, M.-C.
Author-Name: Goldstein, R.B.
Author-Name: Saha, T.D.
Author-Name: Hasin, D.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1387-1393
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302556
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302556
Abstract: Objectives. We addressed regular drinking before sex and its associated risk factors. Methods. From the wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative adult US sample (fielded 2004- 2005), we determined the 12-month prevalence of regularly drinking alcohol before sexual activity. Among 17 491 sexually active drinkers, we determined the sociodemographic, psychiatric, and substance use correlates of regularly drinking before sex. Results. Regular presex drinking's 12-month prevalence was 1.8%. Significant bivariate sociodemographic correlates were age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, family income, marital status, and employment status. Generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence were associated with significantly increased odds of being a regular presex drinker after controlling for covariates. Conclusions. We estimate that 4.3 million American adults are regular presex drinkers. Future research should examine this public health issue at the population level, with particular focus on pathways that link it to psychopathology.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  drinking behavior;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  middle aged;  prevalence;  psychology;  risk factor;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  very elderly;  young adult, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Alcohol Drinking;  Female;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Sexual Behavior;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302556_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Broadbent et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Broadbent, J.M.
Author-Name: Thomson, W.M.
Author-Name: Moffitt, T.E.
Author-Name: Poulton, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302647
Keywords: adverse effects;  drug effects;  fluoridation;  human;  intelligence, Fluoridation;  Humans;  Intelligence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302647_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of residential wood-burning regulation on decreasing particulate matter levels and hospitalizations in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yap, P.-S.
Author-Name: Garcia, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 772-778
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302360
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of Rule 4901, aimed at reducing residential wood burning, on particulate matter levels and hospitalizations in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB). Methods. Using general linear mixed models and generalized estimating equation models, we compared levels of particulate matter and of hospital admissions (age groups = 45-64 and ≥ 65 years) in the SJVAB for cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the burn seasons before (2000-2003) and after (2003-2006) implementation. Results. After implementation, we observed reductions of 12%, 11%, and 15% in particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller (PM2.5), and 8%, 7%, and 11% in coarse particles, in the entire SJVAB and in rural and urban regions of the air basin, respectively. Among those aged 65 years and older, Rule 4901 was estimated to prevent 7%, 8%, and 5% of CVD cases, and 16%, 17%, and 13% of IHD cases, in the entire SJVAB and in rural and urban regions, respectively. Conclusions. The study suggests that Rule 4901 is effective at reducing wintertime ambient PM2.5 levels and decreasing hospital admissions for heart disease among people aged 65 years and older. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: air pollutant;  particulate matter, aged;  air pollutant;  air pollution;  analysis;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  demography;  exposure;  female;  hospitalization;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  particulate matter;  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive;  season;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  wood, Aged;  Air Pollutants;  Air Pollution;  California;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Female;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Inhalation Exposure;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Particulate Matter;  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive;  Residence Characteristics;  Seasons;  Wood
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302360_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What women want: A qualitative study of contraception in jail
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schonberg, D.
Author-Name: Bennett, A.H.
Author-Name: Sufrin, C.
Author-Name: Karasz, A.
Author-Name: Gold, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2269-2274
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302765
Abstract: Objectives. We undertook this study to understand women's perceptions of receiving contraception at Rikers Island Jail. Methods. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews in 2011 to 2012 with 32 women incarcerated at Rikers Island Jail. We analyzed the data using standard qualitative techniques. Results. Almost all participants believed that contraception should be provided at the jail. However, many said they would hesitate to use these services themselves. Reservations were caused in part by women's negative views of health care services at the jail. Fears about the safety of birth control, difficulties associated with follow-up in the community, and desire for pregnancy were other factors that influenced interest in accepting contraception. Conclusions. Contraception at the jail must be provided by trusted medical providers delivering high quality care with the goal of allowing women to control their own fertility; this would ensure that women could access birth control and cease using birth control when desired.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  attitude to health;  contraception;  female;  health care delivery;  human;  interview;  organization and management;  perception;  prisoner;  psychology;  qualitative research;  socioeconomics;  trust;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Contraception;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  New York City;  Perception;  Prisoners;  Qualitative Research;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Trust;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302765_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Early social-emotional functioning and public health: The relationship between kindergarten social competence and future wellness
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, D.E.
Author-Name: Greenberg, M.
Author-Name: Crowley, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2283-2290
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether kindergarten teachers' ratings of children's prosocial skills, an indicator of noncognitive ability at school entry, predict key adolescent and adult outcomes. Our goal was to determine unique associations over and above other important child, family, and contextual characteristics. Methods. Data came from the Fast Track study of low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods in 3 cities and 1 rural setting. We assessed associations between measured outcomes in kindergarten and outcomes 13 to 19 years later (1991- 2000). Models included numerous control variables representing characteristics of the child, family, and context, enabling us to explore the unique contributions among predictors. Results. We found statistically significant associations between measured social-emotional skills in kindergarten and key young adult outcomes across multiple domains of education, employment, criminal activity, substance use, and mental health. Conclusions. A kindergarten measure of social-emotional skills may be useful for assessing whether children are at risk for deficits in noncognitive skills later in life and, thus, help identify those in need of early intervention. These results demonstrate the relevance of noncognitive skills in development for personal and public health outcomes.
Keywords: adolescent;  child development;  crime;  demography;  early childhood intervention;  female;  health status;  human;  male;  mental health;  poverty;  preschool child;  public health;  school;  sex difference;  social adaptation;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  young adult, Adolescent;  Child Development;  Child, Preschool;  Crime;  Early Intervention (Education);  Female;  Health Status;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Health;  Poverty;  Public Health;  Residence Characteristics;  Schools;  Sex Factors;  Social Adjustment;  Social Skills;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV and alcohol research priorities of city, state, and federal policymakers: Results of a delphi study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Uyei, J.
Author-Name: Li, L.
Author-Name: Braithwaite, R.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e23-e26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302799
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302799
Abstract: We identified the research areas related to HIV and alcohol consumption that were of highest priority to city, state, and federal policymakers. From June to July 2014, we conducted a 3-round Delphi study to elicit from experts a list of alcohol- and HIV-related clinical trial research questions that were important to fund and rank order the list to identify questions of highest priority. Translating evidence into practice must be improved because some questions that have been extensively studied with results published in peerreviewed journals were identified by the panel as areas needing additional research.
Keywords: antiretrovirus agent, age;  alcoholism;  ancestry group;  Delphi study;  government;  health care planning;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  medication compliance;  organization and management;  research;  safe sex, Age Factors;  Alcoholism;  Anti-Retroviral Agents;  Continental Population Groups;  Delphi Technique;  Government;  Health Priorities;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Research;  Safe Sex
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302799_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health and solitary confinement in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cloud, D.H.
Author-Name: Drucker, E.
Author-Name: Browne, A.
Author-Name: Parsons, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 18-26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302205
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302205
Abstract: The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today's supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solitary confinement in jails and prisons in accordance with established public health functions (e.g., violence prevention, health equity, surveillance, and minimizing of occupational and psychological hazards for correctional staff). Public health professionals should lead efforts to replace reliance on this overly punitive correctional policywithmodels based on rehabilitation and restorative justice.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302205_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adapting the crisis intervention team (CIT) Model of police-mental health collaboration in a low-income, post-conflict country: Curriculum development in Liberia, West Africa
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kohrt, B.A.
Author-Name: Blasingame, E.
Author-Name: Compton, M.T.
Author-Name: Dakana, S.F.
Author-Name: Dossen, B.
Author-Name: Lang, F.
Author-Name: Strode, P.
Author-Name: Cooper, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e73-e80
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302394
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302394
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to develop a curriculum and collaboration model for law enforcement and mental health services in Liberia, West Africa.
Keywords: capacity building;  cooperation;  crisis intervention;  curriculum;  education;  health care personnel;  health care planning;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  Liberia;  manpower;  Mental Disorders;  mental health service;  nonbiological model;  organization and management;  participatory research;  police;  poverty;  procedures;  program evaluation;  psychology;  public relations;  qualitative research;  standards;  warfare, Capacity Building;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Cooperative Behavior;  Crisis Intervention;  Curriculum;  Health Personnel;  Health Plan Implementation;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Liberia;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health Services;  Models, Organizational;  Police;  Poverty;  Program Evaluation;  Qualitative Research;  Warfare
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302394_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Routine HIV testing in Indiana community health centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meyerson, B.E.
Author-Name: Navale, S.M.
Author-Name: Gillespie, A.
Author-Name: Ohmit, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 91-95
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302203
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302203
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed routine HIV testing in Indiana community health centers (CHCs). Methods: CHC medical directors reported HIV services, testing behaviors, barriers, and health center characteristics via survey from April to May 2013. Standard of care testing was measured by the extent to which CHCs complied with national guidelines for routine HIV testing in clinical settings. Results: Most (85.7%) CHCs reported HIV testing, primarily at patient request or if the patient was symptomatic. Routine HIV testing was provided for pregnant women by 60.7% of CHCs. Only 10.7% provided routine testing for adolescents to adults up to age 65 years. Routine testing was reported by 14.3% for gay and bisexual men, although 46.4% of CHCs reported asking patients about sexual orientation. Linkage to care services for HIV-positive patients, counseling for HIV treatment adherence, and partner testing generally was not provided. Conclusions: Most CHCs reported HIV testing, but such testing did not reflect the standard of care, because it depended on patient request or symptoms. One approach in future studies may be to allow respondents to compare current testing with standard of care and then reflect on barriers to and facilitators of adoption and implementation of routine HIV testing.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302203_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changing gender norms and reducing intimate partner violence: Results from a quasi-experimental intervention study with young men in Ethiopia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pulerwitz, J.
Author-Name: Hughes, L.
Author-Name: Mehta, M.
Author-Name: Kidanu, A.
Author-Name: Verani, F.
Author-Name: Tewolde, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 132-137
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302214)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302214)
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the effects of a community-based project in Ethiopia that worked with young men to promote gender-equitable norms and reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to assign young Ethiopian men 15 to 24 years of age (809 participants were surveyed at baseline in 2008) to an intervention involving community engagement (CE) activities in combination with interactive group education (GE) sessions promoting gender-equitable norms and violence prevention, an intervention involving CE activities alone, or a comparison group. Results: Participants in the GE + CE intervention were twice as likely (P <.01) as those in the comparison group to show increased support for gender-equitable norms between the baseline and end-line points. Also, the percentage of GE + CE participants who reported IPV toward their partner in the preceding 6 months decreased from 53% to 38% between baseline and end line, and the percentage in the CE-only group decreased from 60% to 37%; changes were negligible in the comparison group. Conclusions: Promoting gender equity is an important strategy to reduce IPV.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302214)_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Smoking norms and the regulation of E-cigarettes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Voigt, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1967-1972
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302764
Abstract: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-commonly called e-cigarettes-are at the center of a polarized debate. How should they be regulated? Central to this debate is the concern that e-cigarettes could lead to the renormalization of smoking and that the regulation of ENDS should therefore be modeled on the regulation of conventional cigarettes. I argue that arguments based on the renormalization of smoking can lend support to restrictions on marketing of ENDS, but that such arguments are problematic when used to justify restrictions on where ENDS can be used. The debate has been insufficiently sensitive to the ethical complexities of attempts to manipulate social norms to change health behaviors; these complexities must also inform the debate about ENDS and their regulation.
Keywords: nicotine, drug delivery system;  electronic cigarette;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  marketing;  smoking;  world health organization, Drug Delivery Systems;  Electronic Cigarettes;  Humans;  Marketing;  Nicotine;  Smoking;  World Health Organization
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302764_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The interaction between an individual's acculturation and community factors on physical inactivity and obesity: A multilevel analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shi, L.
Author-Name: Zhang, D.
Author-Name: Van Meijgaard, J.
Author-Name: MacLeod, K.E.
Author-Name: Fielding, J.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1460-1467
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302541
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302541
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether the interactions between primarily speaking English at home and community-level measures (median household income and immigrant composition) are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Methods. We pooled the 2005 and 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey data to construct a multilevel data set, with community-level median household income and immigrant density as predictors at the community level. After controlling for individual-level demographic variables, we included the respondent's perceived community safety as a covariate to test the hypothesis that perceived public safety mediates the association between acculturation and health outcomes. Results. The interaction between community median household income and primarily speaking English at home was associated with lower likelihoods of physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.502, 0.825) and obesity (OR = 0.674; 95% CI = 0.514, 0.882). These odds remained significant after we controlled for perceived community safety. Conclusions. Resources in higher-income areas may be beneficial only to residents fully integrated into the community. Future research could focus on understanding how linguistic isolation affects community-level social learning and access to resources and whether this differs by family-level acculturation.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  cultural factor;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  migrant;  motor activity;  obesity;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Acculturation;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Humans;  Los Angeles;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motor Activity;  Obesity;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302541_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Women's awareness of their contraceptive benefits under the patient protection and affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chuang, C.H.
Author-Name: Mitchell, J.L.
Author-Name: Velott, D.L.
Author-Name: Legro, R.S.
Author-Name: Lehman, E.B.
Author-Name: Confer, L.
Author-Name: Weisman, C.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S713-S715
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302829
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302829
Abstract: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act mandates that there be no out-of-pocket cost for Food and Drug Administration-approved contraceptive methods. Among 987 privately insured reproductive aged Pennsylvania women, fewer than 5% were aware that their insurance covered tubal sterilization, and only 11% were aware that they had full coverage for an intrauterine device. For the Affordable Care Act contraceptive coverage mandate to affect effective contraception use and reduce unintended pregnancies, public awareness of the expanded benefits is essential.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  awareness;  contraception;  economics;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  socioeconomics;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Awareness;  Contraception;  Female;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302829_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Initiation of human papillomavirus vaccination among predominantly minority female and male adolescents at inner-city community health centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Btoush, R.M.
Author-Name: Brown, D.R.
Author-Name: Fogarty, S.
Author-Name: Carmody, D.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2388-2396
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302584
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the prevalence and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation among adolescents in low-income, urban areas. Methods. The study consisted of electronic health record data on HPV vaccination for 3180 adolescents (aged 10-20 years) at a multisite community health center in 2011. Results. Only 27% initiated the HPV vaccine. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of HPV vaccination was lower among older adolescents (AOR = 0.552; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.424, 0.718) and those seen by nonpediatric health care providers (HCPs; AOR= 0.311; 95% CI = 0.222, 0.435), and higher among non- English speakers (AOR = 1.409; 95% CI = 1.134, 1.751) and those seen at 2 site locations (AOR = 1.890; 95% CI = 1.547, 2.311). Insurance status was significant only among female and Hispanic adolescents. Language was not a predictor among Hispanic adolescents. Across all analyses, the interaction of age and HCP specialty was associated with HPV vaccination. Dramatically lower HPV vaccination rates were found among older adolescents seen by nonpediatric HCPs (3%-5%) than among other adolescents (23%-45%). Conclusions. Improving HPV vaccination initiation in low-income urban areas is critical to reducing disparities in cervical and other HPV-related cancer, especially among Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations.
Keywords: Wart virus vaccine, adolescent;  age;  attitude to health;  child;  female;  health center;  human;  language;  male;  minority group;  Papillomavirus Infections;  patient attitude;  poverty;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  urban population;  young adult, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Child;  Community Health Centers;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Language;  Male;  Minority Groups;  Papillomavirus Infections;  Papillomavirus Vaccines;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Poverty;  Prevalence;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Urban Population;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302584_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Universal health coverage: A political struggle and governance challenge
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greer, S.L.
Author-Name: Méndez, C.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S637-S639
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302733
Abstract: Universal health coverage has become a rallying cry in health policy, but it is often presented as a consensual, technical project. It is not. A review of the broader international literature on the origins of universal coverage shows that it is intrinsically political and cannot be achieved without recognition of its dependence on, and consequences for, both governance and politics. On one hand, a variety of comparative research has shownthathealthcoverage is associated with democratic political accountability. Democratization, and in particular left-wing parties, givesgovernmentsparticular cause to expand health coverage.Ontheotherhand, governance, the ways states make and implement decisions,shapesanydecisionto strive for universal health coverage and the shape of its implementation.
Keywords: decision making;  economics;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  human;  insurance;  organization and management;  politics, Decision Making;  Health Care Reform;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Politics;  Universal Coverage
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302733_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco industry use of personal responsibility rhetoric in public relations and litigation: Disguising freedom to blame as freedom of choice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Friedman, L.C.
Author-Name: Cheyne, A.
Author-Name: Givelber, D.
Author-Name: Gottlieb, M.A.
Author-Name: Daynard, R.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 250-260
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302226
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302226
Abstract: We examined the tobacco industry's rhetoric to frame personal responsibility arguments. The industry rarely uses the phrase "personal responsibility" explicitly, but rather "freedom of choice." When freedom of choice is used in the context of litigation, the industry means that those who choose to smoke are solely to blame for their injuries. When used in the industry's public relations messages, it grounds its meaning in the concept of liberty and the right to smoke. The courtroom "blame rhetoric" has influenced the industry's larger public relations message to shift responsibility away from the tobacco companies and onto their customers. Understanding the rhetoric and framing that the industry employs is essential to combating this tactic, and we apply this comprehension to other industries that act as disease vectors.
Keywords: freedom;  human;  personal autonomy;  procedures;  psychology;  public relations;  smoking;  tobacco industry, Freedom;  Humans;  Personal Autonomy;  Public Relations;  Smoking;  Tobacco Industry
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302226_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental problems: A mixed-methods study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sun, B.C.
Author-Name: Chi, D.L.
Author-Name: Schwarz, E.
Author-Name: Milgrom, P.
Author-Name: Yagapen, A.
Author-Name: Malveau, S.
Author-Name: Chen, Z.
Author-Name: Chan, B.
Author-Name: Danner, S.
Author-Name: Owen, E.
Author-Name: Morton, V.
Author-Name: Lowe, R.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 947-955
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302398
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302398
Abstract: Objectives: We documented emergency department (ED) visits for nontraumatic dental problems and identified strategies to reduce ED dental visits. Methods. We used mixed methods to analyze claims in 2010 from a purposive sample of 25 Oregon hospitals and Oregon's All Payer All Claims data set and interviewed 51 ED dental visitors and stakeholders from 6 communities. Results: Dental visits accounted for 2.5% of ED visits and represented the second-most-common discharge diagnosis in adults aged 20 to 39 years, were associated with being uninsured (odds ratio [OR] = 5.2 [reference: commercial insurance]; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.8, 5.5) or having Medicaid insurance (OR=4.0; 95% CI=3.7, 4.2), resulted in opioid (56%) and antibiotic (56%) prescriptions, and generated $402 (95% CI= $396, $408) in hospital costs per visit. Interviews revealed health system, community, provider, and patient contributors to ED dental visits. Potential solutions provided by interviewees included Medicaid benefit expansion, care coordination, water fluoridation, and patient education. Conclusions: Emergency department dental visits are a significant and costly public health problem for vulnerable individuals. Future efforts should focus on implementing multilevel interventions to reduce ED dental visits.
Keywords: antiinfective agent;  narcotic analgesic agent, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  child;  dental procedure;  economics;  emergency health service;  female;  health care survey;  human;  infant;  insurance;  male;  medicaid;  medically uninsured;  middle aged;  Oregon;  preschool child;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  utilization;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Analgesics, Opioid;  Anti-Bacterial Agents;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Dental Care;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Female;  Health Care Surveys;  Humans;  Infant;  Insurance Claim Review;  Male;  Medicaid;  Medically Uninsured;  Middle Aged;  Oregon;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302398_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Organizing with communities to benefit public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bromage, B.
Author-Name: Santilli, A.
Author-Name: Ickovics, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1965-1966
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302766
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302766
Keywords: community care;  gardening;  human;  organization and management;  poverty;  public health;  United States;  urban population, Community Health Services;  Connecticut;  Gardening;  Humans;  Poverty Areas;  Public Health;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302766_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: School start time and adolescent sleep patterns: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey-adolescent supplement
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Paksarian, D.
Author-Name: Rudolph, K.E.
Author-Name: He, J.-P.
Author-Name: Merikangas, K.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1351-1357
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302619
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302619
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated associations between school start time and adolescent weeknight bedtime, weeknight sleep duration, and weekend compensatory sleep and assessed whether associations differ by age, sex, or urbanicity. Methods. We used a subsample of a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of 7308 students aged 13 to 18 years attending 245 schools to estimate associations of school start time, reported by school principals, with weeknight bedtime and sleep duration and weekend compensatory sleep, reported during adolescent face-to-face interviews. Results. Start time was positively associated with weeknight bedtime. Associations between start time and weeknight sleep duration were nonlinear and were strongest for start times of 8:00 AM and earlier. Associations differed by sex and urbanicity, with the strongest association among boys in major metropolitan counties. Start time was negatively associated with sleep duration among boys in nonurban counties. Start time was not associated with weekend compensatory sleep. Conclusions. Positive overall associations between school start time and adolescent sleep duration at the national level support recent policy recommendations for delaying school start times. However, the impact of start time delays may differ by sex and urbanicity.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  comorbidity;  cross-sectional study;  Dyssomnias;  female;  hospital management;  human;  male;  organization and management;  school;  sex difference;  sleep;  statistics and numerical data;  time;  United States;  urban population, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Appointments and Schedules;  Comorbidity;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Dyssomnias;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Schools;  Sex Factors;  Sleep;  Time Factors;  United States;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302619_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Survey of US correctional institutions for routine HCV testing
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beckwith, C.G.
Author-Name: Kurth, A.E.
Author-Name: Bazerman, L.
Author-Name: Solomon, L.
Author-Name: Patry, E.
Author-Name: Rich, J.D.
Author-Name: Kuo, I.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 68-71
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302071
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302071
Abstract: To ascertain HCV testing practices among US prisons and jails, we conducted a survey study in 2012, consisting of medical directors of all US state prisons and 40 of the largest US jails, that demonstrated a minority of US prisons and jails conduct routine HCV testing. Routine voluntary HCV testing in correctional facilities is urgently needed to increase diagnosis, enable risk-reduction counseling and preventive health care, and facilitate evaluation for antiviral treatment.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302071_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changes in experiences with discrimination across pregnancy and postpartum: Age differences and consequences for mental health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rosenthal, L.
Author-Name: Earnshaw, V.A.
Author-Name: Lewis, T.T.
Author-Name: Reid, A.E.
Author-Name: Lewis, J.B.
Author-Name: Stasko, E.C.
Author-Name: Tobin, J.N.
Author-Name: Ickovics, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 686-693
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301906
Abstract: Objectives. We aimed to contribute to growing research and theory suggesting the importance of examining patterns of change over time and critical life periods to fully understand the effects of discrimination on health, with a focus on the period of pregnancy and postpartum and mental health outcomes. Methods. We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine changes across pregnancy and postpartum in everyday discrimination and the resulting consequences for mental health among predominantly Black and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged young women who were receiving prenatal care in New York City. Results. Patterns of change in experiences with discrimination varied according to age. Among the youngest participants, discrimination increased from the second to third trimesters and then decreased to lower than the baseline level by 1 year postpartum; among the oldest participants, discrimination decreased from the second trimester to 6 months postpartum and then returned to the baseline level by 1 year postpartum. Within-subjects changes in discrimination over time predicted changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms at subsequent points. Discrimination more strongly predicted anxiety symptoms among participants reporting food insecurity. Conclusions. Our results support a life course approach to understanding the impact of experiences with discrimination on health and when to intervene. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  African American;  age;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  mental health;  New York;  poverty;  pregnancy;  prenatal care;  psychology;  puerperium;  racism;  young adult, Adolescent;  African Americans;  Age Factors;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Mental Health;  New York City;  Postpartum Period;  Poverty;  Pregnancy;  Prenatal Care;  Racism;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301906_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Using pharmacies in a structural intervention to distribute low dead space syringes to reduce HIV and HCV transmission in people who inject drugs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oramasionwu, C.U.
Author-Name: Johnson, T.L.
Author-Name: Zule, W.A.
Author-Name: Carda-Auten, J.
Author-Name: Golin, C.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1066-1071
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302581
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302581
Abstract: Ongoing injection drug use contributes to the HIV and HCV epidemics in people who inject drugs. In many places, pharmacies are the primary source of sterile syringes for people who inject drugs; thus, pharmacies provide a viable public health service that reduces bloodborne disease transmission. Replacing the supply of high dead space syringes with low dead space syringes could have far-reaching benefits that include further prevention of disease transmission in people who inject drugs and reductions in dosing inaccuracies, medication errors, and medication waste in patients who use syringes. We explored using pharmacies in a structural intervention to increase the uptake of low dead space syringes as part of a comprehensive strategy to reverse these epidemics. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: complication;  disease transmission;  drug abuse;  equipment design;  hepatitis C;  HIV Infections;  human;  incidence;  organization and management;  pharmacy;  prevalence;  prevention and control;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  syringe;  transmission;  United States;  utilization, Disease Transmission, Infectious;  Equipment Design;  Hepatitis C;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Incidence;  Needle Sharing;  Pharmacies;  Prevalence;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Syringes;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302581_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in weight and weight behaviors by sexual orientation in college students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Laska, M.N.
Author-Name: Van Kim, N.A.
Author-Name: Erickson, D.J.
Author-Name: Lust, K.
Author-Name: Eisenberg, M.E.
Author-Name: Rosser, B.R.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 111-121
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302094
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed disparities in weight and weight-related behaviors among college students by sexual orientation and gender. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses of pooled annual data (2007-2011; n = 33 907) from students participating in a Minnesota state-based survey of 40 two- and four-year colleges and universities. Sexual orientation included heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual, unsure, and discordant heterosexual (heterosexuals engaging in same-sex sexual experiences). Dependent variables included weight status (derived from self-reported weight and height), diet (fruits, vegetables, soda, fast food, restaurant meals, breakfast), physical activity, screen time, unhealthy weight control, and body satisfaction. Results: Bisexual and lesbian women were more likely to be obese than heterosexual and discordant heterosexual women. Bisexual women were at high risk for unhealthy weight, diet, physical activity, and weight control behaviors. Gay and bisexual men exhibited poor activity patterns, though gay men consumed significantly less regular soda (and significantly more diet soda) than heterosexual men. Conclusions: We observed disparities in weight-, diet-, and physical activity-related factors across sexual orientation among college youths. Additional research is needed to better understand these disparities and the most appropriate intervention strategies to address them.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302094_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing the expected impact of global health treaties: Evidence from 90 quantitative evaluations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoffman, S.J.
Author-Name: Røttingen, J.-A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 26-40
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302085
Abstract: We assessed what impact can be expected from global health treaties on the basis of 90 quantitative evaluations of existing treaties on trade, finance, human rights, conflict, and the environment. It appears treaties consistently succeed in shaping economic matters and consistently fail in achieving social progress. There are at least 3 differences between these domains that point to design characteristics that new global health treaties can incorporate to achieve positive impact: (1) incentives for those with power to act on them; (2) institutions designed to bring edicts into effect; and (3) interests advocating their negotiation, adoption, ratification, and domestic implementation. Experimental and quasiexperimental evaluations of treaties would provide more information about what can be expected from this type of global intervention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302085_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Agent-based modeling of noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nianogo, R.A.
Author-Name: Arah, O.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e20-e31
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302426
Abstract: We reviewed the use of agent-basedmodeling (ABM), a systems science method, in understanding noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their public health risk factors.
Keywords: bibliographic database;  chronic disease;  epidemiology;  evidence based medicine;  human;  motor activity;  risk factor;  theoretical model, Chronic Disease;  Databases, Bibliographic;  Epidemiologic Methods;  Evidence-Based Medicine;  Humans;  Models, Theoretical;  Motor Activity;  Risk Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302426_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health assessment and improved public health decision-making: A propensity score matching approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rabarison, K.M.
Author-Name: Timsina, L.
Author-Name: Mays, G.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2526-2533
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302795
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302795
Abstract: Objectives. We analyzed the likelihood of chronic disease prevention activities delivery, as a proxy measure of public health decision-making and actions, given that local health agencies (LHAs) implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan in their communities. Methods. Using a propensity score matching approach, we linked data from the 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials profile of LHAs and the 2010 County Health Rankings to create a statistically matched sample of implementation and comparison LHAs. Implementation LHAs were those that implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan. We estimated the odds of chronic disease prevention activities delivery and the average treatment effect on the treated. Results. Implementation group LHAs were 2 times as likely (95% confidence interval = 1.60, 2.64) to deliver population-based chronic disease prevention programs than comparison group LHAs. Furthermore, chronic disease prevention activities were more likely to be delivered among implementation group LHAs (6.50-19.02 percentage points higher) than in comparison group LHAs. Conclusions. Our results signal that routine implementation of a community health assessment and improvement plan in LHAs leads to improved public health decision-making and actions.
Keywords: chronic disease;  community care;  health status;  health survey;  human;  organization;  organization and management;  procedures;  propensity score;  public health service;  questionnaire;  United States, Chronic Disease;  Community Health Services;  Decision Making, Organizational;  Health Status;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Propensity Score;  Public Health Administration;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302795_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Predictors of tobacco use among New York State addiction treatment patients
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guydish, J.
Author-Name: Yu, J.
Author-Name: Le, T.
Author-Name: Pagano, A.
Author-Name: Delucchi, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e57-e64
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302096
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302096
Abstract: Objectives: We used admissions data from the New York State addiction treatment system to assess patient self-reported tobacco use and factors associated with tobacco use. Methods: We compared prevalence of tobacco use in the state addiction treatment system with that of a national sample of people receiving addiction treatment and with that of the New York general population in 2005 to 2008. A random effects logistic model assessed relationships between patient- and program-level variables and tobacco use. Results: Prevalence of tobacco use in the New York treatment system was similar to that in national addiction treatment data and was 3 to 4 times higher than that in the general population. Co-occurring mental illness, opiate use, methadone treatment, and being a child of a substance-abusing parent were associated with higher rates of tobacco use. Conclusions: We call on federal leadership to build capacity to address tobacco use in addiction treatment, and we call on state leadership to implement tobacco-free grounds policies in addiction treatment systems.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302096_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How connecticut health directors deal with public health budget cuts at the local level
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Prust, M.L.
Author-Name: Clark, K.
Author-Name: Davis, B.
Author-Name: Pallas, S.W.
Author-Name: Kertanis, J.
Author-Name: O'Keefe, E.
Author-Name: Araas, M.
Author-Name: Iyer, N.S.
Author-Name: Dandorf, S.
Author-Name: Platis, S.
Author-Name: Humphries, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S268-S273
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302499
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302499
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated the perspectives of local health jurisdiction (LHJ) directors on coping mechanisms used to respond to budget reductions and constraints on their decision-making. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 LHJ directors. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: LHJ directors use a range of coping mechanisms, including identifying alternative revenue sources, adjusting services, amending staffing arrangements, appealing to local political leaders, and forming strategic partnerships. LHJs also face constraints on their decision-making because of state and local statutory requirements, political priorities, pressures from other LHJs, and LHJ structure. Conclusions: LHJs respond creatively to budget cuts to maintain important public health services. Some LHJ adjustments to administrative resourcesmay obscure the long-term costs of public health budget cuts in such areas as staff morale and turnover. Not all coping strategies are available to each LHJ because of the contextual constraints of its locality, pointing to important policy questions on identifying optimum jurisdiction size and improving efficiency.
Keywords: budget;  cost;  economics;  financial management;  health care policy;  human;  organization and management;  personnel management;  politics;  public health service;  public relations;  United States, Budgets;  Connecticut;  Costs and Cost Analysis;  Financial Management;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Personnel Staffing and Scheduling;  Politics;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302499_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: More money, fewer lives: The cost effectiveness of welfare reform in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Muennig, P.
Author-Name: Caleyachetty, R.
Author-Name: Rosen, Z.
Author-Name: Korotzer, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 324-328
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302235
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302235
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the economic benefits of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) relative to the previous program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Methods. We used pooled mortality hazard ratios from 2 randomized controlled trials-Connecticut Jobs First and the Florida Transition Program, which had follow-up from the early and mid-1990s through December 2011-and previous estimates of health and economic benefits of TANF and AFDC. We entered them into a Markov model to evaluate TANF's economic benefits relative to AFDC and weigh them against the potential health threats of TANF. Results. Over the working life of the average cash assistance recipient, AFDC would cost approximately $28 000 more than TANF from the societal perspective. However, it would also bring 0.44 additional years of life. The incremental cost effectiveness of AFDC would be approximately $64 000 per life-year saved relative to TANF. Conclusions. AFDC may provide more value as a health investment than TANF. Additional attention given to the neediest US families denied cash assistance could improve the value of TANF.
Keywords: cost benefit analysis;  economics;  epidemiology;  health status;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  mortality;  probability;  social security;  social welfare;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Aid to Families with Dependent Children;  Connecticut;  Cost-Benefit Analysis;  Florida;  Health Status;  Humans;  Markov Chains;  Mortality;  Social Welfare;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302235_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Violence against women in selected areas of the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Montgomery, B.E.E.
Author-Name: Rompalo, A.
Author-Name: Hughes, J.
Author-Name: Wang, J.
Author-Name: Haley, D.
Author-Name: Soto-Torres, L.
Author-Name: Chege, W.
Author-Name: Justman, J.
Author-Name: Kuo, I.
Author-Name: Golin, C.
Author-Name: Frew, P.
Author-Name: Mannheimer, S.
Author-Name: Hodder, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2156-2166
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302430
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the prevalence of recent emotional, physical, and sexual violence against women and their associations with HIV-related risk factors in women living in the United States. Methods. We performed an assessment of women ages 18 to 44 years with a history of unprotected sex and 1 or more personal or partner HIV risk factors in the past 6 months from 2009 to 2010. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of experiencing violence. Results. Among 2099 women, the prevalence of emotional abuse, physical violence, and sexual violence in the previous 6 months was 31%, 19%, and 7%, respectively. Nonmarried status, food insecurity, childhood abuse, depression symptomology, and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with multiple types of violence. All types of violence were associated with at least 3 different partner or personal HIV risk behaviors, including unprotected anal sex, previous sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, sex work, or partner substance abuse. Conclusions. Our data suggested that personal and partner HIV risk behaviors, mental illness, and specific forms of violence frequently co-occurred in the lives of impoverished women. We shed light on factors purported to contribute to a syndemic in this population. HIV prevention programs in similar populations should address these co-occurring issues in a comprehensive manner.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  crime victim;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  partner violence;  risk factor;  sexual crime;  statistics and numerical data;  transmission;  United States;  unsafe sex;  violence, Adolescent;  Adult;  Crime Victims;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Risk Factors;  Sex Offenses;  Spouse Abuse;  United States;  Unsafe Sex;  Violence;  Women
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302430_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Drug use, sexual risk, and syndemic production among men who have sex with men who engage in group sexual encounters
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hirshfield, S.
Author-Name: Schrimshaw, E.W.
Author-Name: Stall, R.D.
Author-Name: Margolis, A.D.
Author-Name: Downing, M.J.
Author-Name: Chiasson, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1849-1858
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302346
Abstract: Objectives. We surveyed men who have sex with men (MSM) to determine whether sexual risk behaviors, recent drug use, and other psychosocial problems differed between men who engaged in one-on-one and group sexual encounters. Methods. We conducted an Internet-based cross-sectional survey of 7158 MSM aged 18 years or older in the United States recruited from a gay-oriented sexual networking Web site in 2008. Among MSM who engaged in group sexual encounters, we compared their past-60-day sexual behaviors in one-on-one encounters and group sexual encounters. We also compared risk profiles and syndemic production between men who did and did not participate in group sex. Results. Men reporting a group-sex encounter had significantly higher polydrug use and sexual risk than did the men not reporting group sex in the past 60 days. The odds of engaging in group sex with 4 or more sexual partners significantly increased with the number of psychosocial problems, supporting evidence of syndemic production. Conclusions. We identified a particularly high-risk subgroup in the MSM population with considerable psychosocial problems that may be reached online. Research is needed on how to engage these high-risk men in combination prevention interventions.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  cross-sectional study;  high risk behavior;  human;  Internet;  male;  male homosexuality;  middle aged;  risk factor;  sexual behavior;  sexuality;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  unsafe sex;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Internet;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Risk-Taking;  Sexual Behavior;  Sexual Partners;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Unsafe Sex
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302346_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A water availability intervention in New York City public schools: Influence on youths' water and milk behaviors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Elbel, B.
Author-Name: Mijanovich, T.
Author-Name: Abrams, C.
Author-Name: Cantor, J.
Author-Name: Dunn, L.
Author-Name: Nonas, C.
Author-Name: Cappola, K.
Author-Name: Onufrak, S.
Author-Name: Park, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 365-372
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302221
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302221
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the influence of "water jets" on observed water and milk taking and self-reported fluid consumption in New York City public schools. Methods. From 2010 to 2011, before and 3 months after water jet installation in 9 schools, we observed water and milk taking in cafeterias (mean 1000 students per school) and surveyed students in grades 5, 8, and 11 (n = 2899) in the 9 schools that received water jets and 10 schools that did not. We performed an observation 1 year after implementation (2011-2012) with a subset of schools. We also interviewed cafeteria workers regarding the intervention. Results. Three months after implementation we observed a 3-fold increase in water taking (increase of 21.63 events per 100 students; P < .001) and a much smaller decline in milk taking (-6.73 events per 100 students; P = .012), relative to comparison schools. At 1 year, relative to baseline, there was a similar increase in water taking and no decrease in milk taking. Cafeteria workers reported that the water jets were simple to clean and operate. Conclusions. An environmental intervention in New York City public schools increased water taking and was simple to implement.
Keywords: adolescent;  animal;  child;  construction work and architectural phenomena;  diet;  drinking;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  milk;  psychology;  school;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  United States;  water supply, Adolescent;  Animals;  Child;  Diet;  Drinking;  Facility Design and Construction;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Milk;  New York City;  Schools;  Students;  Water Supply
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302221_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Presuppositions underlying health awareness days
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Strand, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302802
Keywords: awareness;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  public health, Awareness;  Health Education;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302802_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increase in suicides associated with home eviction and foreclosure during the US housing crisis: Findings from 16 national violent death reporting system states, 2005-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fowler, K.A.
Author-Name: Gladden, R.M.
Author-Name: Vagi, K.J.
Author-Name: Barnes, J.
Author-Name: Frazier, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 311-316
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301945
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301945
Abstract: Objectives. We aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics, and precipitating circumstances of eviction- and foreclosure-related suicides during the US housing crisis, which resulted in historically high foreclosures and increased evictions beginning in 2006. Methods. We examined all eviction- and foreclosure-related suicides in the years 2005 to 2010 in 16 states in the National Violent Death Reporting System, a surveillance system for all violent deaths within participating states that abstracts information across multiple investigative sources (e.g., law enforcement, coroners, medical examiners). Results. We identified 929 eviction- or foreclosure-related suicides. Evictionand foreclosure-related suicides doubled from 2005 to 2010 (n = 88 in 2005; n = 176 in 2010), mostly because of foreclosure-related suicides, which increased 253% from 2005 (n = 30) to 2010 (n = 106). Most suicides occurred before the actual housing loss (79%), and 37% of decedents experienced acute eviction or foreclosure crises within 2 weeks of the suicide. Conclusions. Housing loss is a significant crisis that can precipitate suicide. Prevention strategies include support for those projected to lose homes, intervention before move-out date, training financial professionals to recognize warning signs, and strengthening population-wide suicide prevention measures during economic crises.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  economic recession;  economics;  epidemiology;  female;  health survey;  housing;  human;  male;  middle aged;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  Aged;  Economic Recession;  Female;  Housing;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Population Surveillance;  Risk Factors;  Suicide;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301945_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prospective association between negative life events and initiation of sexual intercourse: The influence of family structure and family income
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cheney, M.K.
Author-Name: Oman, R.F.
Author-Name: Vesely, S.K.
Author-Name: Aspy, C.B.
Author-Name: Tolma, E.L.
Author-Name: John, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 598-604
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302311
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the prospective association between negative life events and time to initiation of sexual intercourse and the influence of family structure and family income on this association.
Keywords: adolescent;  age distribution;  child;  coitus;  family size;  female;  human;  interview;  life event;  longitudinal study;  male;  proportional hazards model;  prospective study;  regression analysis;  socioeconomics;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Age Distribution;  Child;  Coitus;  Family Characteristics;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Life Change Events;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Oklahoma;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Prospective Studies;  Regression Analysis;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302311_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of a 2009 Illinois alcohol tax increase on fatal motor vehicle crashes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C.
Author-Name: Livingston, M.D.
Author-Name: Staras, S.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1880-1885
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302428
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302428
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the effects of a 2009 increase in alcohol taxes in Illinois on alcohol-related fatal motor vehicle crashes. Methods. We used an interrupted time-series design, with intrastate and cross-state comparisons and measurement derived from driver alcohol test results, for 104 months before and 28 months after enactment. Our analyses used autoregressive moving average and generalized linear mixed Poisson models. We examined both population-wide effects and stratifications by alcohol level, age, gender, and race. Results. Fatal alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes declined 9.9 per month after the tax increase, a 26% reduction. The effect was similar for alcoholimpaired drivers with positive alcohol levels lower than 0.15 grams per deciliter (-22%) and drivers with very high alcohol levels of 0.15 or more (-25%). Drivers younger than 30 years showed larger declines (-37%) than those aged 30 years and older (-23%), but gender and race stratifications did not significantly differ. Conclusions. Increases in alcohol excise taxes, such as the 2009 Illinois act, could save thousands of lives yearly across the United States as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce alcohol-impaired driving.
Keywords: alcoholic beverage;  car driving;  drinking behavior;  economics;  epidemiology;  human;  mortality;  risk factor;  tax;  traffic accident;  United States, Accidents, Traffic;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Automobile Driving;  Humans;  Illinois;  Risk Factors;  Taxes;  Wisconsin
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302428_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual risk behavior, sexual violence, and HIV in persons with severe mental illness in uganda: Hospital-based cross-sectional study and national comparison data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lundberg, P.
Author-Name: Nakasujja, N.
Author-Name: Musisi, S.
Author-Name: Thorson, A.E.
Author-Name: Cantor-Graae, E.
Author-Name: Allebeck, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1142-1148
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302479
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302479
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated prevalence of past-year sexual risk behavior and sexual violence exposure in persons with severe mental illness (SMI) in Uganda, and compared results to general population estimates. We also investigated whether persons with SMI reporting sexual risk behavior and sexual violence exposure were more likely to be HIV-infected. Methods. We included 602 persons consecutively discharged from Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, February to April 2010. We asked about past-year number of sexual partners and condom use. We assessed sexual violence with the World Health Organization Violence Against Women Instrument. We performed HIV testing. We used data from 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey for comparison. Results. Women with SMI had more sexual risk behavior and more sexual violence exposure than women in the general population. We found no difference in sexual risk behavior in men. Sexual risk behavior was associated with HIV infection in men, but not women. Sexual violence exposure was not associated with HIV infection in women. Conclusions. Findings suggest that SMI exacerbates Ugandan women's sexual vulnerability. Public health practitioners, policymakers, and legislators should act to protect health and rights of women with SMI in resourcepoor settings. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  comparative study;  cross-sectional study;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental hospital;  middle aged;  prevalence;  risk factor;  sexual behavior;  sexual crime;  statistics and numerical data;  Uganda;  vulnerable population, Adolescent;  Adult;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Hospitals, Psychiatric;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Sex Offenses;  Sexual Behavior;  Uganda;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302479_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Rikers Island hot spotters: Defining the needs of the most frequently incarcerated
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: MacDonald, R.
Author-Name: Kaba, F.
Author-Name: Rosner, Z.
Author-Name: Vise, A.
Author-Name: Weiss, D.
Author-Name: Brittner, M.
Author-Name: Skerker, M.
Author-Name: Dickey, N.
Author-Name: Venters, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2262-2268
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302785
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302785
Abstract: Objectives. We used "hot spotting" to characterize the persons most frequently admitted to the New York City jail system in 2013. Methods. We used our Correctional Health Services electronic health record to identify 800 patients admitted in 2013 who returned most since November 2008. We compared them to a randomly selected control group of 800 others admitted in 2013, by using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations, including data through December 2014. Results. The frequently incarcerated individuals had a median of 21 incarcerations (median duration 11 days), representing 18 713 admissions and $129 million in custody and health costs versus $38 million for the controls. The frequently incarcerated were significantly older (42 vs 35 years), and more likely to have serious mental illness (19% vs 8.5%) and homelessness (51.5% vs 14.7%) in their record. Significant substance use was highly prevalent (96.9% vs 55.6%). Most top criminal charges (88.7%) for the frequently incarcerated were misdemeanors; assault charges were less common (2.8% vs 10.4%). Conclusions. Frequently incarcerated persons have chronic mental health and substance use problems, their charges are generally minor, and incarceration is costly. Tailored supportive housing is likely to be less costly and improve outcomes.
Keywords: age;  ancestry group;  chronic disease;  crime;  female;  health care cost;  homeless person;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  New York;  offender;  prison;  prisoner;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders, Age Factors;  Chronic Disease;  Continental Population Groups;  Crime;  Criminals;  Female;  Health Expenditures;  Homeless Persons;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  New York City;  Prisoners;  Prisons;  Substance-Related Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302785_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Building a culture of health: A critical role for public health service and systems research (American Journal of Public Health (2015 ) 105: Supplement 2) (S150-S152) doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Plough, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e11
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302410e_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV and sexually transmitted infections among youths: A Brazilian perception
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schuelter-Trevisol, F.
Author-Name: Da Silva, M.A.
Author-Name: Claudino, D.
Author-Name: Gonçalves E Silva, H.C.
Author-Name: Marcon, C.E.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302854
Keywords: child health care;  female;  human;  male;  procedures;  serodiagnosis;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent Health Services;  AIDS Serodiagnosis;  Female;  Humans;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302854_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The combined effects of the expansion of primary health care and conditional cash transfers on infant mortality in Brazil, 1998-2010 [Efectos combinados de la ampliación de la atención primaria de salud y de las transferencias condicionadas de dinero en efectivo sobre la mortalidad infantil en Brasil, 1998-2010]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guanais, F.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S585-S599
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452
Abstract: Objectives. I examined the combined effects of access to primary care through the Family Health Program (FHP) and conditional cash transfers from the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) on postneonatal infant mortality (PNIM) in Brazil. Methods. I employed longitudinal ecological analysis using panel data from 4583 Brazilian municipalities from 1998 to 2010, totaling 54 253 observations. I estimated fixed-effects ordinary least squares regressions models with PNIM rate as the dependent variable and FHP, BFP, and their interactions as the main independent variables of interest. Results. The association of higher FHP coverage with lower PNIM became stronger as BFP coverage increased. At the means of all other variables, when BFP coverage was 25%, predicted PNIM was 5.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.95, 5.53) for FHP coverage = 0% and 3.54 (95% CI = 2.77, 4.31) for FHP coverage = 100%. When BFP coverage was 60%, predicted PNIM was 4.65 (95% CI = 4.36, 4.94) when FHP coverage = 0% and 1.38 (95% CI = 0.88, 1.89) when FHP coverage = 100%. Conclusions. The effect of the FHP depends on the expansion of the BFP. For impoverished, underserved populations, combining supply- and demand-side interventions may be necessary to improve health outcomes. Copyright © 2015 American Public Health Association.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301452_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: An evaluation of voluntary 2-dose varicella vaccination coverage in New York City public schools
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Doll, M.K.
Author-Name: Rosen, J.B.
Author-Name: Bialek, S.R.
Author-Name: Szeto, H.
Author-Name: Zimmerman, C.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 972-979
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302229
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302229
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed coverage for 2-dose varicella vaccination, which is not required for school entry, among New York City public school students and examined characteristics associated with receipt of 2 doses. Methods: We measured receipt of either at least 1 or 2 doses of varicella vaccine among students aged 4 years and older in a sample of 336 public schools (n = 223 864 students) during the 2010 to 2011 school year. Data came from merged student vaccination records from 2 administrative data systems. We conducted multivariable regression to assess associations of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and school location with 2-dose prevalence. Results: Coverage with at least 1 varicella dose was 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96.2%, 96.3%); coverage with at least 2 doses was 64.8% (95% CI = 64.6%, 64.9%). Increasing student age, non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, and attendance at school in Staten Island were associated with lower 2-dose coverage. Conclusions: A 2-dose varicella vaccine requirement for school entry would likely improve 2-dose coverage, eliminate coverage disparities, and prevent disease.
Keywords: chickenpox vaccine, age distribution;  ancestry group;  chickenpox;  child;  drug administration;  female;  human;  male;  preschool child;  school;  sex ratio;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Age Distribution;  Chickenpox;  Chickenpox Vaccine;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Continental Population Groups;  Drug Administration Schedule;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  New York City;  Schools;  Sex Distribution
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302229_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comparative respiratory morbidity of former and current US coal miners
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Halldin, C.N.
Author-Name: Wolfe, A.L.
Author-Name: Laney, A.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2576-2577
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302897
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302897
Abstract: We compared the prevalence of respiratory disease in former and current US coal miners using chest radiographs and lung functions collected from 2009 to 2013 among miners of the Appalachian and Interior US coalfields.We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) of pneumoconiosis and impaired lung function. Significantly higher prevalences of pneumoconiosis (PR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 2.0) and impaired lung function were observed among former miners compared with active miners. Former miners continue to suffer negative health effects fromoccupational coal mine dust exposure. The respiratory health of active and formerminers is a global concern because international coal production is projected to increase for decades to come.
Keywords: adult;  adverse effects;  anthracosis;  coal mining;  comparative study;  human;  Occupational Diseases;  occupational exposure;  prevalence;  Respiratory Tract Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Anthracosis;  Appalachian Region;  Coal Mining;  Humans;  Occupational Diseases;  Occupational Exposure;  Prevalence;  Respiratory Tract Diseases;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302897_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - United States, 2010-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mehta, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e7-e9
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;  demography;  female;  health survey;  human;  incidence;  male;  middle aged;  prevalence;  register;  United States;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis;  Demography;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Population Surveillance;  Prevalence;  Registries;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2015:105:6:e7-e9_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Marketing practices of vapor store owners
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cheney, M.
Author-Name: Gowin, M.
Author-Name: Wann, T.F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e16-e21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302610
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the marketing strategies for local vapor stores in a large metropolitan area in Oklahoma. Methods. Vapor store owners or managers (n = 33) participated in individual interviews regarding marketing practices in 2014. We asked owners about their marketing strategies and the groups they targeted. We transcribed the interviews and analyzed them for themes. Results. Store owners used a variety of marketing strategies to bring new customers to their stores and keep current customers coming back. These marketing strategies showed many parallels to tobacco industry strategies. Most owners engaged in some form of traditional marketing practices (e.g., print media), but only a few used radio or television advertising because of budget constraints. Owners used social media and other forms of electronic communication, pricing discounts and specials, and loyalty programs. Owners also had booths at local events, sponsored community events, and hosted them in their stores. Owners attempted to target different groups of users, such as college students and long-term smokers. Conclusions. Local vapor store marketing practices closely resemble current and former tobacco industry marketing strategies. Surveillance of marketing practices should include local and Web-based strategies. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: electronic cigarette, female;  human;  interview;  male;  marketing;  procedures;  United States, Electronic Cigarettes;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Marketing;  Oklahoma
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302610_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial for preventing type 2 diabetes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ackermann, R.T.
Author-Name: Liss, D.T.
Author-Name: Finch, E.A.
Author-Name: Schmidt, K.K.
Author-Name: Hays, L.M.
Author-Name: Marrero, D.G.
Author-Name: Saha, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2328-2334
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302641
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the weight loss effectiveness of a YMCA model for the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention. Methods. Between July 2008 and November 2010, we individually randomized 509 overweight or obese, low-income, nondiabetic adults with elevated blood glucose in Indianapolis, Indiana, to receive standard care plus brief lifestyle counseling or be offered a group-based YMCA adaptation of the DPP (YDPP). Primary outcome was mean weight loss difference at 12 months. In our intention-to-treat analyses, we used longitudinal linear or logistic regression, multiply imputing missing observations. We used instrumental variables regression to estimate weight loss effectiveness among participants completing 9 or more intervention lessons. Results. In the YDPP arm, 161 (62.6%) participants attended ≥ 1 lesson and 103 (40.0%) completed 9 or more lessons. In intention-to-treat analysis, mean 12-month weight loss was 2.3 kilograms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 3.4 kg) more for the YDPP arm than for standard care participants. In instrumental variable analyses, persons attending 9 or more lessons had a 5.3-kilogram (95% CI = 2.8, 7.9 kg) greater weight loss than did those with standard care alone. Conclusions. The YMCA model for DPP delivery achieves meaningful weight loss at 12 months among low-income adults.
Keywords: glucose blood level, adult;  body mass;  comparative study;  controlled study;  counseling;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  female;  glucose blood level;  health behavior;  human;  Indiana;  lifestyle;  male;  middle aged;  obesity;  organization and management;  Overweight;  poverty;  randomized controlled trial;  single blind procedure;  weight loss program;  weight reduction, Adult;  Blood Glucose;  Body Mass Index;  Counseling;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Humans;  Indiana;  Life Style;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Obesity;  Overweight;  Poverty;  Single-Blind Method;  Weight Loss;  Weight Reduction Programs
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302641_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in water and sewer services in North Carolina: An analysis of the decision-making process
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Naman, J.M.
Author-Name: Gibson, J.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e20-e26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302731
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the factors that affect access to municipal water and sewer service for unincorporated communities relying on wells and septic tanks. Methods. Using a multisite case study design, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 25 key informants from 3 unincorporated communities in Hoke, New Hanover, and Transylvania counties, North Carolina, July through September 2013. Interviewees included elected officials, health officials, utility providers, and community members. We coded the interviews in ATLAS.ti to identify common themes. Results. Financing for water and sewer service emerged as the predominant factor that influenced decisions to extend these services. Improved health emerged as a minor factor, suggesting that local officials may not place a high emphasis on the health benefits of extending public water and sewer services. Awareness of failed septic systems in communities can prompt city officials to extend sewer service to these areas; however, failed systems are often underreported. Conclusions. Understanding the health costs and benefits of water and sewer extension and integrating these findings into the local decision-making process may help address disparities in access to municipal services.
Keywords: sewage, decision making;  demography;  economics;  human;  interview;  sanitation;  sewage;  United States;  water supply, Decision Making;  Demography;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  North Carolina;  Sanitary Engineering;  Sewage;  Waste Disposal, Fluid;  Water Supply
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302731_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among Arab and Chaldean Americans in Southeastern Michigan: The Michigan lupus epidemiology and surveillance program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Housey, M.
Author-Name: De Guire, P.
Author-Name: Lyon-Callo, S.
Author-Name: Wang, L.
Author-Name: Marder, W.
Author-Name: McCune, W.J.
Author-Name: Helmick, C.G.
Author-Name: Gordon, C.
Author-Name: Dhar, J.P.
Author-Name: Leisen, J.
Author-Name: Somers, E.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e74-e79
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302423
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among Arab and Chaldean Americans residing in southeast Michigan. Methods: For those meeting SLE criteria from the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry, we determined Arab or Chaldean ethnicity by links with demographic data from birth certificates and with a database of Arab and Chaldean names. We compared prevalence and incidence of SLE for Arab and Chaldean Americans with estimates for non-Arab and non-Chaldean American Whites and Blacks. Results: We classified 54 individuals with SLE as Arab and Chaldean Americans. The age-adjusted incidence and prevalence estimates for Arab and Chaldean Americans were 7.6 and 62.6 per 100 000, respectively. Arab and Chaldean Americans had a 2.1-fold excess SLE incidence compared with non-Arab and non-Chaldean American Whites. Arab and Chaldean American women had both significantly higher incidence rates (5.0-fold increase) and prevalence estimates (7.4-fold increase) than did Arab and Chaldean American men. Conclusions: Recognizing that Arab and Chaldean Americans experience different disease burdens from Whites is a first step toward earlier diagnosis and designing targeted interventions. Better methods of assigning ethnicity would improve research in this population.
Keywords: adult;  Arab;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health survey;  human;  incidence;  male;  Michigan;  middle aged;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  systemic lupus erythematosus, Adult;  Arabs;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic;  Male;  Michigan;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Public Health Surveillance;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302423_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The eldersmile timemap: Benefits of connecting statistics with time and place
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kum, S.S.
Author-Name: Wang, H.
Author-Name: Wang, P.
Author-Name: Jin, Z.
Author-Name: De La Cruz, L.
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Author-Name: Kunzel, C.
Author-Name: Marshall, S.E.
Author-Name: Metcalf, S.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1748-1750
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302730
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302730
Abstract: Community-based programs are critical for locally targeted public health education and accessible service delivery. Deriving useful information from such programs is important for their own evaluation and improvement and may facilitate research collaboration with partners and experts. Here we present an interactive Web-based application designed for a community-based oral health outreach program called ElderSmile to demonstrate how data can be summarized, fi ltered, compared, and visualized by time and place to inform program planning, evaluation, and research. The ElderSmile TimeMap (http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~smetcalf/resources/timemap.html) is an emergent product of a US National Institutes of Health -funded collaboration of knowledge sharing among multidisciplinary team members at the University at Buffalo, Columbia University, and New York University.
Keywords: aged;  cooperation;  female;  health;  health education;  human;  male;  national health organization;  organization and management;  patient care;  program development;  public relations;  spatiotemporal analysis;  United States;  university, Aged;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Cooperative Behavior;  Female;  Health Education;  Humans;  Male;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Oral Health;  Patient Care Team;  Program Development;  Spatio-Temporal Analysis;  United States;  Universities
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302730_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cause-of-death disparities in the African Diaspora: Exploring differences among shared-heritage populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hambleton, I.R.
Author-Name: Jeyaseelan, S.
Author-Name: Howitt, C.
Author-Name: Sobers-Grannum, N.
Author-Name: Hennis, A.J.
Author-Name: Wilks, R.J.
Author-Name: Harris, E.N.
Author-Name: MacLeish, M.
Author-Name: Sullivan, L.W.
Author-Name: Hambleton, I.R.
Author-Name: Hassell, C.
Author-Name: Hennis, A.J.
Author-Name: Howitt, C.
Author-Name: Unwin, N.
Author-Name: Williams, L.
Author-Name: Sobers-Grannum, N.
Author-Name: Murphy, M.
Author-Name: Bennett, N.
Author-Name: Ferguson, T.
Author-Name: Francis, D.
Author-Name: Wilks, R.J.
Author-Name: Younger-Coleman, N.
Author-Name: Harris, E.N.
Author-Name: MacLeish, M.
Author-Name: Sullivan, L.W.
Author-Name: Bidulescu, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S491-S498
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302676
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated changes in life expectancy (LE) and cause-specific mortality over time, directly comparing African-descent populations in the United States and the Caribbean. Methods. We compared LE at birth and cause-specific mortality in 6 disease groups between Caribbean countries with a majority (> 90%) African-descent population and US African Americans. Results. The LE improvement among African Americans exceeded that of Afro-Caribbeans so that the LE gap, which favored the Caribbean population by 1.5 years in 1990, had been reversed by 2009. This relative improvement among African Americans was mainly the result of the improving mortality experience of African American men. Between 2000 and 2009, Caribbean mortality rates in 5 of the 6 disease groups increased relative to those of African Americans. By 2009, mortality from cerebrovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes was higher in Afro-Caribbeans relative to African Americans, with a diabetes mortality rate twice that of African Americans and 4 times that of White Americans. Conclusions. The Caribbean community made important mortality reductions between 2000 and 2009, but this progress fell short of African American health improvements in the same period, especially among men.
Keywords: Africa;  aged;  Caribbean;  cause of death;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health disparity;  human;  life expectancy;  male;  risk factor;  United States;  very elderly, Africa;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Caribbean Region;  Cause of Death;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Life Expectancy;  Male;  Risk Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302676_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The contribution of national disparities to international differences in mortality between the United States and 7 European countries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Van Hedel, K.
Author-Name: Avendano, M.
Author-Name: Berkman, L.F.
Author-Name: Bopp, M.
Author-Name: Deboosere, P.
Author-Name: Lundberg, O.
Author-Name: Martikainen, P.
Author-Name: Menvielle, G.
Author-Name: Van Lenthe, F.J.
Author-Name: Mackenbach, J.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e112-e119
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302344
Abstract: Objectives. This study examined to what extent the higher mortality in the United States compared to many European countries is explained by larger social disparities within the United States. We estimated the expected US mortality if educational disparities in the United States were similar to those in 7 European countries. Methods. Poisson models were used to quantify the association between education and mortality for men and women aged 30 to 74 years in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for the period 1989 to 2003. US data came from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index and the European data came from censuses linked to national mortality registries. Results. If people in the United States had the same distribution of education as their European counterparts, the US mortality disadvantage would be larger. However, if educational disparities in mortality within the United States equaled those within Europe, mortality differences between the United States and Europe would be reduced by 20% to 100%. Conclusions. Larger educational disparities in mortality in the United States than in Europe partly explain why US adults have higher mortality than their European counterparts. Policies to reduce mortality among the lower educated will be necessary to bridge the mortality gap between the United States and European countries. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  educational status;  epidemiology;  Europe;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  sex ratio;  socioeconomics;  United States, Adult;  Aged;  Educational Status;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Mortality;  Sex Distribution;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302344_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Economic shocks and public health protections in US metropolitan areas
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mays, G.P.
Author-Name: Hogg, R.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S280-S287
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302456
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302456
Abstract: Objectives: We examined public health system responses to economic shocks using longitudinal observations of public health activities implemented in US metropolitan areas from 1998 to 2012. Methods: The National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems collected data on the implementation of 20 core public health activities in a nationally representative cohort of 280 metropolitan areas in 1998, 2006, and 2012. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate how local economic shocks relate to the scope of activities implemented in communities, the mix of organizations performing them, and perceptions of the effectiveness of activities. Results: Public health activities fell by nearly 5%in the average community between 2006 and 2012, with the bottom quintile of communities losing nearly 25%of their activities. Local public health delivery fell most sharply among communities experiencing the largest increases in unemployment and the largest reductions in governmental public health spending. Conclusions: Federal resources and private sector contributions failed to avert reductions in local public health protections during the recession. New financing mechanisms may be necessary to ensure equitable public health protections during economic downturns.
Keywords: economic recession;  economics;  human;  longitudinal study;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data;  urban population, Economic Recession;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302456_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Medicaid coverage expansion and implications for cancer disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Choi, S.K.
Author-Name: Adams, S.A.
Author-Name: Eberth, J.M.
Author-Name: Brandt, H.M.
Author-Name: Friedman, D.B.
Author-Name: Tucker-Seeley, R.D.
Author-Name: Yip, M.P.
Author-Name: Hébert, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S706-S712
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302876
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302876
Abstract: Objectives: We estimated the impact on cancer disparities in US states that have chosen or not chosen to expand Medicaid since passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods: Data came from the 2013 Uniform Data System for colorectal and cervical cancer screening rates among patients of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs); the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening rates; and the US Cancer Statistics (2007-2011) for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer mortality-toincidence ratios (MIRs). Dyads of Medicaid expansion decisions with cancer screening rates and MIRs were mapped using ArcMap. Results: States that had not expanded Medicaid as of September 2014 had lower cancer screening rates, especially among FQHC patients. Overall, cancer MIRs were not significantly different by Medicaid expansion status. However, Southeastern states without Medicaid expansion tended to have higher cancer MIRs and lower screening rates. Conclusions: Disparities in cancer screening that already disfavor states with high cancer rates may widen in states that have not chosen to expand Medicaid unless significant efforts are mounted to ensure their residents obtain preventive health care.
Keywords: adult;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  Breast Neoplasms;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  early cancer diagnosis;  female;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  health care quality;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  medicaid;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Adult;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Breast Neoplasms;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Medicaid;  Middle Aged;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Quality of Health Care;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302876_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Worldwide prevalence and trends in unintentional drug overdose: A systematic review of the literature
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martins, S.S.
Author-Name: Sampson, L.
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e29-e49
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843
Abstract: Background. Drug overdose is an important, yet an inadequately understood, public health problem. Global attention to unintentional drug overdose has been limited by comparison with the scope of the problem. There has been a substantial increase in drug overdose incidence and prevalence in several countries worldwide over the past decade, contributing to both increased costs and mortality. Objectives. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the peer-reviewed literature to document the global epidemiological profile of unintentional drug over doses and the prevalence, time trends, mortality rates, and correlates of drug overdoses. We searched different combinations of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in PubMed for articles published from 1980 until July 2013, and we organized these results in tabular spreadsheets and compared them. We restricted the search to English-language articles that deal with unintentional overdose, focusingon1 or more of the following key constructs: prevalence, time trends, mortality rates, and correlates. The term "overdose" as a MeSH major topic yielded 1076 publications. In addition, we searched the following combinations of non major MeSH terms: "street drugs" and "overdose" yielded 180, "death" and "overdose" yielded 114, and "poisoning" and "drug users" yielded 17. There was some overlap among the searches. Based on the search and inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected a total of 169 relevant articles for this article based on a close review of abstracts. Results. We found wide variability in lifetime prevalence of experiencing a nonfatal overdose or witnessing an overdose, and in mortality rates attributable to overdose. Lifetime prevalence of witnessed overdose among drug users (n = 17 samples) ranged from 50% to 96%, with a mean of 73.3%, a median of 70%, and a standard deviation of 14.1%. Lifetime prevalence of drug users personally experiencing a nonfatal overdose (n = 27 samples), ranged from 16.6% to 68.0% with a mean of 45.4%, a median of 47%, and a standard deviation of 14.4%. Population-based crude overdose mortality rates (n = 28 samples) ranged from 0.04 to 46.6 per 100 000 person-years. This range is likely attributable to the diversity in regions, time periods, and samples. Most studies on longitudinal trends of overdose death rates or overdose-related hospitalization rates showed increases in overdose death rates and in overdose-related hospitalization rates across time, which have led to peaks in these rates at the present time. An overall trend of increasing deaths from prescription opioid use and decreasing deaths from illicit drug use in the past several years has been noted across most of the literature. With the increase in prescription opioid overdose deaths, drug overdose is not just an urban problem: rural areas have seen an important increase in overdose deaths. Lastly, cocaine, prescription opioids, and heroin are the drugs most commonly associated with unintentional drug overdoses worldwide and the demographic and psychiatric correlates associated with unintentional drug overdoses are similar globally. Conclusions. There is a need to invest in research to understand the distinct determinants of prescription drug overdose worldwide. Several other countries need to collect in a systematic and continuous fashion such data on sales of prescription opioids and other prescription drugs, nonmedical use of prescription drugs, and hospitalization secondary to overdoses on prescription drugs. The sparse evidence on the environmental determinants of over dose suggests a need for research that will inform the types of environmental interventions we can use to prevent drug overdose. Methodological issues for future studies include enhancing data collection methods on unintentional fatal and nonfatal overdoses, and collecting more detailed information on drug use history, source of drug use (for prescription drugs), and demographic and psychiatric history characteristics of the individual who overdosed.
Keywords: narcotic analgesic agent;  prescription drug;  street drug, accident;  drug overdose;  epidemic;  health;  human;  mortality;  prevalence;  public health;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders, Accidents;  Analgesics, Opioid;  Drug Overdose;  Epidemics;  Global Health;  Humans;  Prescription Drugs;  Prevalence;  Public Health;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Street Drugs;  Substance-Related Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302843_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adherence to mammography screening guidelines among transgender persons and sexual minority women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bazzi, A.R.
Author-Name: Whorms, D.S.
Author-Name: King, D.S.
Author-Name: Potter, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2356-2358
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302851
Abstract: We used retrospective (2012- 2013) chart review to examine breast cancer screening among transgender persons and sexual minority women (n = 1263) attending an urban community health center in Massachusetts. Transgender were less likely than cisgender patients and bisexuals were less likely than heterosexuals and lesbians to adhere to mammography screening guidelines (respectively, adjusted odds ratios = 0.53 and 0.56; 95% confidence intervals = 0.31, 0.91 and 0.34, 0.92) after adjustment for socio demo graphics. Enhanced cancer prevention outreach is needed among gender and sexual minorities.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  Breast Neoplasms;  early diagnosis;  female;  human;  male;  mammography;  middle aged;  minority group;  patient compliance;  retrospective study;  sexuality;  statistics and numerical data;  transgender;  United States, Adult;  Aged;  Breast Neoplasms;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mammography;  Massachusetts;  Middle Aged;  Minority Groups;  Patient Compliance;  Retrospective Studies;  Sexuality;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302851_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Integrating fundamental concepts of obesity and eating disorders: Implications for the obesity epidemic
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Macpherson-Sánchez, A.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e71-e85
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302507
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302507
Abstract: Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder-obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: body image;  body mass;  caloric intake;  child abuse survivor;  eating disorder;  feeding behavior;  human;  impulsiveness;  morphometrics;  obesity;  parent;  pathophysiology;  physiology;  psychology;  sex difference;  social stigma, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse;  Body Image;  Body Mass Index;  Body Weights and Measures;  Energy Intake;  Feeding and Eating Disorders;  Feeding Behavior;  Humans;  Impulsive Behavior;  Obesity;  Parents;  Sex Factors;  Social Stigma
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302507_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Unintended consequences of screening for Ebola
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Faherty, L.J.
Author-Name: Doubeni, C.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1738-1739
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302768
Abstract: Ebola virus disease (EVD) reached the United States in September 2014, leadingthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to publish screening guidelines to identify patients with high-risk exposures at their first point ofcontactwiththehealth care system. InWest Africa, the burden of EVD is superimposed on thetraumaofdecadesof civil war, violence, and poverty. Therefore, an important consideration in implementing screening procedures in the United States is the potential to unintentionally exacerbate posttraumatic stress disorder, or add additional stress from stigma and discrimination, among theWestAfrican diaspora. We recommend rigorous research to develop and implement evidence-based, trauma-informed approaches to screening for communicablediseasesduringoutbreaks, usingprinciplesof communityengaged or community-based participatory research.
Keywords: Africa;  Disease Outbreaks;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  mass screening;  posttraumatic stress disorder;  procedures;  psychology;  public health service;  social stigma;  United States, Africa, Western;  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Disease Outbreaks;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Mass Screening;  Social Stigma;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302768_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Accelerometer-monitored sedentary behavior and observed physical function loss
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Semanik, P.A.
Author-Name: Lee, J.
Author-Name: Song, J.
Author-Name: Chang, R.W.
Author-Name: Sohn, M.-W.
Author-Name: Ehrlich-Jones, L.S.
Author-Name: Ainsworth, B.E.
Author-Name: Nevitt, M.M.
Author-Name: Kwoh, C.K.
Author-Name: Dunlop, D.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 560-566
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302270
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether objectively measured sedentary behavior is related to subsequent functional loss among community-dwelling adults with or at high risk for knee osteoarthritis.
Keywords: accelerometry;  aged;  body mass;  devices;  female;  gait;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  motor activity;  Osteoarthritis, Knee;  physiologic monitoring;  physiology;  procedures;  protection;  risk factor;  sedentary lifestyle;  time factor;  United States;  very elderly, Accelerometry;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Body Mass Index;  Female;  Gait;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Monitoring, Physiologic;  Motor Activity;  Osteoarthritis, Knee;  Protective Factors;  Risk Factors;  Sedentary Lifestyle;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302270_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Women-centered drug treatment services and need in the United States, 2002-2009
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Terplan, M.
Author-Name: Longinaker, N.
Author-Name: Appel, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e50-e54
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302821
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302821
Abstract: Objectives. We examined options and need for women-centered substance use disorder treatment in the United States between 2002 and 2009. Methods. We obtained characteristics of facilities from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services and treatment need data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We also examined differences in provision of women-centered programs by urbanization level in data from the National Center for Health Statistics 2006 Rural-Urban County Continuum. Results. Of the 13 000 facilities surveyed annually, the proportion offering women-centered services declined from 43% in 2002 to 40% in 2009 (P < .001). Urban location, state population size, and Medicaid payment predicted provision of such services as trauma-related and domestic violence counseling, child care, and housing assistance (all, P < .001). Prevalence of women with unmet need ranged from 81% to 95% across states. Conclusions. Change in availability of women-centered drug treatment services was minimal from 2002 to 2009, even though need for treatment was high in all states.
Keywords: child;  child care;  demography;  drug dependence treatment;  economics;  family therapy;  female;  health care delivery;  health service;  human;  medicaid;  mental health service;  organization and management;  partner violence;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  traffic and transport;  United States;  women's health, Child;  Child Care;  Family Therapy;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Mental Health Services;  Residence Characteristics;  Spouse Abuse;  Substance Abuse Treatment Centers;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Transportation;  United States;  Women's Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302821_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in mental health referral and diagnosis in the New York city jail mental health service
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kaba, F.
Author-Name: Solimo, A.
Author-Name: Graves, J.
Author-Name: Glowa-Kollisch, S.
Author-Name: Vise, A.
Author-Name: MacDonald, R.
Author-Name: Waters, A.
Author-Name: Rosner, Z.
Author-Name: Dickey, N.
Author-Name: Angell, S.
Author-Name: Venters, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1911-1916
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302699
Abstract: Objectives. To better understand jail mental health services entry, we analyzed diagnosis timing relative to solitary confinement, nature of diagnosis, age, and race/ethnicity. Methods. We analyzed 2011 to 2013 medical records on 45 189 New York City jail first-time admissions. Results. Of this cohort, 21.2% were aged 21 years or younger, 46.0% were Hispanic, 40.6% were non-Hispanic Black, 8.8% were non-Hispanic White, and 3.9% experienced solitary confinement. Overall, 14.8% received a mental health diagnosis, which was associated with longer average jail stays (120 vs 48 days), higher rates of solitary confinement (13.1% vs 3.9%), and injury (25.4% vs 7.1%). Individuals aged 21 years or younger were less likely than older individuals to receive a mental health diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80, 0.93; P < .05) and more likely to experience solitary confinement (OR = 4.99; 95% CI = 4.43, 5.61; P < .05). Blacks and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to enter the mental health service (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.52, 0.63; and OR= 0.49; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.53; respectively; P < .05), but more likely to experience solitary confinement (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.88, 3.83; and OR= 1.65; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.22; respectively; P < .05). Conclusions. More consideration is needed of race/ethnicity and age in understanding and addressing the punishment and treatment balance in jails.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  age;  demography;  ethnology;  female;  health care disparity;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  patient referral;  prison;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  Demography;  Female;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  New York City;  Prisons;  Referral and Consultation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302699_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program in the age of health care reform
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cahill, S.R.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.H.
Author-Name: Boswell, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1078-1085
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302442
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302442
Abstract: Thanks to the Affordable Care Act, thousands of people living with HIV who have received Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded care are now eligible for Medicaid or subsidized insurance. The protection against insurance discrimination on the basis of preexisting conditions is increasing health care access for many, but this does not mean that the Ryan White Program is no longer needed. Services essential to improving outcomes on the continuum of HIV care are not supported by any other source. Because of the growing number of people living with HIV, we must increase funding for the Ryan White Program and increase the number of HIV care providers. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: economics;  financial management;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health insurance;  health service;  HIV Infections;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  medicaid;  United States, Delivery of Health Care;  Financing, Government;  Health Care Reform;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Insurance, Health;  Medicaid;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302442_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How "hidden" are unobserved networks among people who inject drugs?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Higgs, P.
Author-Name: Sacks-Davis, R.
Author-Name: Aitken, C.
Author-Name: Hellard, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302667
Keywords: health behavior;  human;  social behavior;  social support;  sociometric status, Health Behavior;  Humans;  Social Behavior;  Social Support;  Sociometric Techniques
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302667_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Purtle and Roman respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Purtle, J.
Author-Name: Roman, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e2-e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302812
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302812
Keywords: awareness;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  public health, Awareness;  Health Education;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302812_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Coulter et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Coulter, R.W.S.
Author-Name: Kenst, K.S.
Author-Name: Bowen, D.J.
Author-Name: Scout
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e2-e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302316
Keywords: female;  financial management;  human;  male;  national health organization;  research;  sexuality;  statistics and numerical data;  transgender, Female;  Humans;  Male;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Research;  Research Support as Topic;  Sexuality;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302316_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mentoring for publication in the american journal of public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Author-Name: Holtzman, D.
Author-Name: Bergeron, C.D.
Author-Name: Zambrana, R.E.
Author-Name: Greenberg, M.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S14-S16
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302543
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302543
Keywords: peer review;  public health;  publication;  publishing;  teacher, Mentors;  Peer Review;  Periodicals as Topic;  Public Health;  Publishing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302543_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Profile of the public health workforce: Registered TRAIN learners in the united states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, J.A.
Author-Name: Banks, L.
Author-Name: Plotkin, I.
Author-Name: Chanthavongsa, S.
Author-Name: Walker, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e30-e36
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302513
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302513
Abstract: Objectives: We analyzed data from the TrainingFinder Real-time Affiliate Integrated Network (TRAIN), the most widely used public health workforce training system in the United States, to describe the public health workforce and characteristics of individual public health workers. Methods: We extracted self-reported demographic data of 405 095 learners registered in the TRAIN online system in 2012. Results: Mirroring the results of other public health workforce studies, TRAIN learners are disproportionately women, college educated, and White compared with the populations they serve. TRAIN learners live in every state and half of all zip codes, with a concentration in states whose public health departments are TRAIN affiliates. TRAIN learners' median age is 46 years, and one third of TRAIN learners will reach retirement age in the next 10 years. Conclusions: TRAIN data provide a limited but useful profile of public health workers and highlight the utility and limitations of using TRAIN for future research.
Keywords: disaster planning;  education;  health care personnel;  human;  in service training;  Internet;  manpower;  organization and management;  public health;  public health service;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Disaster Planning;  Education, Distance;  Health Personnel;  Humans;  Inservice Training;  Internet;  Public Health;  Public Health Practice;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302513_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Collaboration among missouri nonprofit hospitals and local health departments: Content analysis of community health needs assessments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beatty, K.E.
Author-Name: Wilson, K.D.
Author-Name: Ciecior, A.
Author-Name: Stringer, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S337-S344
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302488
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302488
Abstract: Objectives: We identified the levels of joint action that led to collaboration between hospitals and local health departments (LHDs) using the hospital's community health needs assessments (CHNAs). Methods: In 2014, we conducted a content analysis of Missouri nonprofit hospitals (n = 34) CHNAs, and identified hospitals based on previously reported collaboration with LHDs. We coded the content according to the level of joint action. A comparison sample (n = 50) of Missouri nonprofit hospitals provided the basic comparative information on hospital characteristics. Results: Among the hospitals identified by LHDs, 20.6%were "networking," 20.6%were "coordinating," 38.2%were "cooperating," and 2.9%were "collaborating." Almost 18%of study hospitals had no identifiable level of joint action with LHDs based on their CHNAs. In addition, comparison hospitals were more often part of a larger system (74%) compared with study hospitals (52.9%). Conclusions: The results of our study helped develop a better understanding of levels of joint action from a hospital perspective.Our results might assist hospitals and LHDs inmaking more informed decisions about efficient deployment of resources for assessment processes and implementation plans.
Keywords: cooperation;  government;  hospital management;  human;  needs assessment;  non profit organization;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations;  system analysis;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Hospital Administration;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Local Government;  Missouri;  Needs Assessment;  Organizations, Nonprofit;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302488_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Legal authority for infectious disease reporting in the United States: Case study of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Danila, R.N.
Author-Name: Laine, E.S.
Author-Name: Livingston, F.
Author-Name: Como-Sabetti, K.
Author-Name: Lamers, L.
Author-Name: Johnson, K.
Author-Name: Barry, A.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-18
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302192
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302192
Abstract: Tracking of infectious diseases is a public health core function essential to disease prevention and control. Each state mandates reporting of certain infectious diseases to public health authorities. These laws vary by state, and the variation could affect the ability to collect critical information. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic served as a case study to examine the legal authority in the 50 states; Washington, DC; and New York City for mandatory infectious disease reporting, particularly for influenza and new or emerging infectious diseases. Our study showed reporting laws to be generally present and functioning well; nevertheless, jurisdictions should be mindful of their mandated parameters and review the robustness of their laws before they face a new or emerging disease outbreak.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302192_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A qualitative inquiry about pruno, an illicit alcoholic beverage linked to botulism outbreaks in United States prisons
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Walters, M.S.
Author-Name: Sreenivasan, N.
Author-Name: Person, B.
Author-Name: Shew, M.
Author-Name: Wheeler, D.
Author-Name: Hall, J.
Author-Name: Bogdanow, L.
Author-Name: Leniek, K.
Author-Name: Rao, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2256-2261
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302774
Abstract: Objectives. Since 2011, 3 outbreaks of botulism in US prisons have been attributed to pruno, which is an alcoholic beverage made by inmates. Following 1 outbreak, we conducted a qualitative inquiry to understand pruno brewing and its social context to inform outbreak prevention measures. Methods. We interviewed staff, inmates, and parolees from 1 prison about pruno production methods, the social aspects of pruno, and strategies for communicating the association between botulism and pruno. Results. Twenty-seven inmates and parolees and 13 staff completed interviews. Pruno is fermented from water, fruit, sugar, and miscellaneous ingredients. Knowledge of pruno making was widespread among inmates; staff were familiar with only the most common ingredients and supplies inmates described. Staff and inmates described inconsistent consequences for pruno possession and suggested using graphic health messages from organizations external to the prison to communicate the risk of botulism from pruno. Conclusions. Pruno making was frequent in this prison. Improved staff recognition of pruno ingredients and supplies might improve detection of brewing activities in this and other prisons. Consistent consequences and clear messages about the association between pruno and botulism might prevent outbreaks.
Keywords: adult;  alcoholic beverage;  attitude to health;  botulism;  epidemic;  female;  human;  male;  microbiology;  middle aged;  prison;  prisoner;  qualitative research;  United States, Adult;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Botulism;  Disease Outbreaks;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prisoners;  Prisons;  Qualitative Research;  United States;  Utah
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302774_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Awareness of HCV infection among persons who inject drugs in San Diego, California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Collier, M.G.
Author-Name: Bhaurla, S.K.
Author-Name: Cuevas-Mota, J.
Author-Name: Armenta, R.F.
Author-Name: Teshale, E.H.
Author-Name: Garfein, R.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 302-303
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302245
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302245
Abstract: We asked persons who inject drugs questions about HCV, including past testing and diagnosis followed by HCV testing. Of 540 participants, 145 (27%) were anti-HCV positive, but of those who were positive, only 46 (32%) knew about their infection. Asking about previous HCV testing results yielded better results than did asking about prior HCV diagnosis. Factors associated with knowing about HCV infection included older age, HIV testing, and drug treatment. Comprehensive approaches to educating and screening this population for HCV need implementation.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  age;  attitude to health;  complication;  female;  hepatitis C;  human;  male;  psychology;  risk factor;  serodiagnosis;  serology;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  therapy;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  AIDS Serodiagnosis;  California;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Hepatitis C;  Humans;  Male;  Risk Factors;  Serologic Tests;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302245_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Too little, too late: Ineffective regulation of dietary supplements in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Starr, R.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 478-485
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302348
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302348
Abstract: Millions of people in the United States consume dietary supplements hoping to maintain or improve their health; however, extensive research has failed to demonstrate the efficacy of numerous supplements in disease prevention. In addition, concerns about the safety of routine and high-dose supplementation have been raised.
Keywords: adverse effects;  advertizing;  diet supplementation;  food and drug administration;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  marketing;  practice guideline;  product safety;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Advertising as Topic;  Consumer Product Safety;  Dietary Supplements;  Guidelines as Topic;  Humans;  Marketing;  United States;  United States Food and Drug Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302348_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: From patchwork to package: Implementing foundational capabilities for state and local health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Author-Name: Castrucci, B.C.
Author-Name: Dilley, A.
Author-Name: Leider, J.P.
Author-Name: Juliano, C.
Author-Name: Nelson, R.
Author-Name: Kaiman, S.
Author-Name: Sprague, J.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e7-e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369
Abstract: Daily public health responses are threatened by the inadequate capacity of public health agencies. A 2012 Institute of Medicine report defined a package of foundational capabilities that support all programs and services within a health department. Standardizing foundational capabilities may help address the increasing disparity in health department performance nationally. During the Fall of 2013, we collected information on how much state and local health departments knew about foundational capabilities. To our knowledge, this was the first study to assess current health department infrastructure as it relates to foundational capabilities.
Keywords: government;  health care policy;  human;  nonbiological model;  procedures;  public health;  public health service;  standards;  United States, Health Policy;  Humans;  Local Government;  Models, Organizational;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302369_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roberts, M.C.
Author-Name: Wheeler, S.B.
Author-Name: Reeder-Hayes, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e4-e15
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302490
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302490
Abstract: We examined the current literature to understand factors that influence endocrine therapy (ET) adherence among racial/ ethnic and socioeconomic sub populations of breast cancer patients. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO databases for studies from January 1, 1978, to June 20, 2014, and January 1, 1991, to June 20, 2014, respectively, and hand-searched articles from relevant literature reviews. We abstracted and synthesized results within a social ecological framework. Fourteen articles met all in clusioncriteria. The majority of included articles reported significant underuse of ET among minority and low income women. Modifiable intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community-level factors are associated with ET use, and these factors vary across subgroups. Both race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are associated with ET use in most settings. Variation in factors associatedwith ET use across subgroups indicates the need for more nuanced research and targeted interventions among breast cancer patients.
Keywords: antineoplastic hormone agonists and antagonists, Breast Neoplasms;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  female;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  medication compliance;  risk factor;  socioeconomics, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal;  Breast Neoplasms;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Medication Adherence;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302490_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Neighborhood availability of convenience stores and diet quality: Findings from 20 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rummo, P.E.
Author-Name: Meyer, K.A.
Author-Name: Boone-Heinonen, J.
Author-Name: Jacobs, D.R., Jr.
Author-Name: Kiefe, C.I.
Author-Name: Lewis, C.E.
Author-Name: Steffen, L.M.
Author-Name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e65-e73
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302435
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302435
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the association between neighborhood convenience stores and diet outcomes for 20 years of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Methods: We used dietary data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study years 1985-1986, 1992-1993, and 2005-2006 (n=3299; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA) and geographically and temporally matched neighborhood-level food resource and US Census data. We used random effects repeated measures regression to estimate associations between availability of neighborhood convenience stores with diet outcomes and whether these associations differed by individual-level income. Results: In multivariable-adjusted analyses, greater availability of neighborhood convenience stores was associated with lower diet quality (mean score = 66.3; SD = 13.0) for participants with lower individual-level income (b = -2.40; 95% CI = -3.30, -1.51); associations at higher individual-level income were weaker. We observed similar associations with whole grain consumption across time but no statistically significant associations with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, snacks, processed meats, fruits, or vegetables. Conclusions: The presence of neighborhood convenience stores may be associated with lower quality diets. Low-income individuals may be most sensitive to convenience store availability.
Keywords: adult;  catering service;  coronary artery disease;  demography;  diet;  female;  follow up;  food preference;  human;  Illinois;  male;  prospective study;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  Chicago;  Coronary Artery Disease;  Diet;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Food Preferences;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Male;  Prospective Studies;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Assessment;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302435_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Anticipating change, sparking innovation: Framing the future
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Petersen, D.J.
Author-Name: Finnegan, J.R.
Author-Name: Spencer, H.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S46-S49
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302379
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302379
Abstract: Asthe100thanniversaryof the 1915 Welch-Rose report approaches, the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) has been pursuing twoinitiatives to spark innovation in academic partnerships for enhancing population health: (1) Framing the Future: The Second 100 Years of Education for Public Health and (2) Reconnecting Public Health andCareDelivery to Improve the Health of Populations. We describe how ASPPHmemberschools and programs accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health, along with their extraordinarily diverse array of partners, areworking to improve education that better prepares health professionals to meet 21st-century population health needs.
Keywords: advisory committee;  forecasting;  health care delivery;  human;  medical education;  school;  trends, Advisory Committees;  Delivery of Health Care;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Forecasting;  Humans;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302379_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Defining the functions of public health governance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carlson, V.
Author-Name: Chilton, M.J.
Author-Name: Corso, L.C.
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S159-S166
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302198
Abstract: We conducted a literature review in 2011 to determine if accepted governance functions continue to reflect the role of public health governing entities. Reviewing literature and other source documents, as well as consulting with practitioners, resulted in an iterative process that identified 6 functions of public health governance and established definitions for each of these: policy development; resource stewardship; continuous improvement; partner engagement; legal authority; and oversight of a health department. These functions provided context for the role of governing entities in public health practice and aligned well with existing public health accreditation standards. Public health systems research can build from this work in future explorations of the contributions of governance to health department performance.
Keywords: cooperation;  economics;  government regulation;  human;  organization;  organization and management;  policy;  public health service;  public relations;  research;  total quality management;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Government Regulation;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Organizational Objectives;  Policy;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Quality Improvement;  Research;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302198_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Rumors and realities: Making sense of HIV/AIDS conspiracy narratives and contemporary legends
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Heller, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e43-e50
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302284
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302284
Abstract: The social context of the early HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States provided fertile ground for rumors about transmission. Today, however, rumors about HIV/AIDS persist only within the African American public. Focus group and public discourse data reveal the content and distribution of HIV/AIDS origin and conspiracy rumors. Rumor and contemporary legend theory allows reinterpretation of rumors as a measure of trust between the African American public and health professionals, not as evidence of ignorance or of historical racial oppression. To improve public health results in the African American community, HIV/AIDS efforts must acknowledge the sources and meanings of rumors, include rumors as a measure of trust, and address the underlying distrust that the rumors signify.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302284_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Let's get physical: Sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and obesity among a population-based sample of adolescents
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mereish, E.H.
Author-Name: Poteat, V.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1842-1848
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302682
Abstract: Objectives. We examined sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and obesity among a population-based adolescent sample. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2012 Dane County Youth Assessment for 13 933 students in grades 9 through 12 in 22 Wisconsin high schools. We conducted logistic regressions to examine sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and body mass index among male and female adolescents. Results. When we accounted for several covariates, compared with heterosexual females, sexual minority females were less likely to participate in team sports (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37, 0.53) and more likely to be overweight (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.62) or obese (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.48). Sexual minority males were less likely than heterosexual males to be physically active (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.83) or to participate in team sports (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.32), but the 2 groups did not differ in their risk of obesity. Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in physical activity and obesity are evident during adolescence. Culturally affirming research, interventions, and policies are needed for sexual minority youths.
Keywords: adolescent;  female;  gender identity;  heterosexuality;  homosexuality;  human;  male;  motor activity;  obesity;  psychology;  sexual behavior;  sport;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Female;  Gender Identity;  Heterosexuality;  Homosexuality;  Humans;  Male;  Motor Activity;  Obesity;  Sexual Behavior;  Sports;  Wisconsin
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302682_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The laugh model: Reframing and rebranding public health through social media
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lister, C.
Author-Name: Royne, M.
Author-Name: Payne, H.E.
Author-Name: Cannon, B.
Author-Name: Hanson, C.
Author-Name: Barnes, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2245-2251
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302669
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302669
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the use of low-cost social media platforms in communicating public health messages and outline the laugh model, a framework through which public health organizations can reach and engage communities. Methods. In August 2014, we developed an online campaign (Web site and social media) to help promote healthy family meals in Utah in conjunction with the state and local health departments. Results. By the end of September 2014, a total of 3641 individuals had visited the Utahfamilymeals.org Web site. Facebook ads reached a total of 29 078 people, and 56 900 people were reached through Twitter ads. The per-person price of the campaign was 0.2 cents, and the total estimated target population reach was between 10% and 12%. Conclusions. There are 3 key takeaways from our campaign: use of empowering and engaging techniques may be more effective than use of educational techniques; use of social media Web sites and online marketing tactics can enhance collaboration, interdisciplinary strategies, and campaign effectiveness; and use of social media as a communication platform is often preferable to use of mass media in terms of cost-effectiveness, more precise evaluations of campaign success, and increased sustainability.
Keywords: awareness;  cost benefit analysis;  economics;  health behavior;  health promotion;  human;  information dissemination;  organization and management;  procedures;  public health;  social media;  social network;  theoretical model;  United States, Awareness;  Cost-Benefit Analysis;  Health Behavior;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Models, Theoretical;  Public Health;  Social Media;  Social Networking;  Utah
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302669_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV testing by transgender status at centers for disease control and prevention-funded sites in the United States, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands, 2009-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Habarta, N.
Author-Name: Wang, G.
Author-Name: Mulatu, M.S.
Author-Name: Larish, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1917-1925
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302659
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302659
Abstract: Objectives. We examined HIV testing services, seropositivity, and the characteristics associated with newly identified, confirmed HIV-positive tests among transgender individuals. Methods. We analyzed data (2009-2011) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationships between HIV positivity and sociodemographic and risk characteristics among male-to-female transgender individuals. Results. Most of the testing was conducted in females (51.1%), followed by males (48.7%) and transgender individuals (0.17%). Tests in male-to-female transgender individuals had the highest, newly identified confirmed HIV positivity (2.7%), followed by males (0.9%), female-to-male transgender individuals (0.5%), and females (0.2%). The associated characteristics with an HIV-positive test among male-to-female transgender individuals included ages 20 to 29 and 40 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 5.6 and AOR= 2.8; 95% CI = 1.3, 5.9, respectively), African American (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI = 2.7, 7.9) or Hispanic/Latino (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5, 4.5) race/ethnicity, and reporting sex without condom within the past year (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.6), sex with an HIV-positive person (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.0), or injection drug use (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.3, 3.0). Conclusions. High levels of HIV positivity among transgender individuals, particularly male-to-female transgender individuals, underscore the necessity for targeted HIV prevention services that are responsive to the needs of this population.
Keywords: adult;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  public health service;  Puerto Rico;  transgender;  United States;  Virgin Islands (U.S.), Adult;  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Puerto Rico;  Transgendered Persons;  United States;  United States Virgin Islands
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302659_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health disparities in and transdisciplinary approach to cardiovascular disease in Mexico
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Arredondo, A.
Author-Name: Avilés, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302824
Keywords: education;  epidemiology;  health disparity;  human;  participatory research;  translational research, Community-Based Participatory Research;  Epidemiology;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Translational Medical Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302824_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of texting bans on motor vehicle crash-related hospitalizations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ferdinand, A.O.
Author-Name: Menachemi, N.
Author-Name: Blackburn, J.L.
Author-Name: Sen, B.
Author-Name: Nelson, L.
Author-Name: Morrisey, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 859-865
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302537
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302537
Abstract: We used a panel design and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 19 states between 2003 and 2010 to examine the impact of texting bans on crash-related hospitalizations. We conducted conditional negative binomial regressions with state, year, and month fixed effects to examine changes in crash-related hospitalizations in states after the enactment of a texting ban relative to those in states without such bans. Results indicate that texting bans were associated with a 7% reduction in crash-related hospitalizations among all age groups. Texting bans were significantly associated with reductions in hospitalizations among those aged 22 to 64 years and those aged 65 years or older. Marginal reductions were seen among adolescents. States that have not passed strict texting bans should consider doing so.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  car driving;  cross-sectional study;  epidemiology;  female;  hospitalization;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  text messaging;  traffic accident;  United States;  young adult, Accidents, Traffic;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Automobile Driving;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Text Messaging;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302537_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for physical frailty independent of moderate activity: Results from the osteoarthritis initiative
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Song, J.
Author-Name: Lindquist, L.A.
Author-Name: Chang, R.W.
Author-Name: Semanik, P.A.
Author-Name: Ehrlich-Jones, L.S.
Author-Name: Lee, J.
Author-Name: Sohn, M.-W.
Author-Name: Dunlop, D.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1439-1445
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302540
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302540
Abstract: Objectives. This prospective longitudinal study investigated the association between baseline objectively measured sedentary time and 2-year onset of physical frailty. Methods. We studied 1333 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants 55 to 83 years of agewho were at risk for physical frailty, as assessed via lowgait speed (< 0.6mper second) or inability to perform a single chair stand. Baseline sedentary time was assessed through accelerometer monitoring. Hazard ratios (HRs) for physical frailty onset were estimated with discrete survival methods that controlled for moderate physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, baseline gait and chair stand functioning, and health factors. Results. The incidence of physical frailty in this high-risk group was 20.7 per 1000 person-years. Greater baseline sedentary time (adjusted HR= 1.36 per sedentary hour; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.79) was significantly related to incident physical frailty after control for time spent in moderate-intensity activities and other covariates. Conclusions. Our prospective data demonstrated a strong relationship between daily sedentary time and development of physical frailty distinct from insufficientmoderate activity. Interventions that promote reductions in sedentary behaviors in addition to increases in physical activity may help decrease physical frailty onset.
Keywords: accelerometry;  aged;  female;  frail elderly;  human;  incidence;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  motor activity;  osteoarthritis;  prospective study;  risk factor;  sedentary lifestyle;  statistics and numerical data;  very elderly, Accelerometry;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Female;  Frail Elderly;  Humans;  Incidence;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motor Activity;  Osteoarthritis;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Sedentary Lifestyle
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302540_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Crowding as a possible factor for health outcomes in children
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Inglis, D.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302458
Keywords: demography;  educational status;  female;  health status;  housing;  human;  male, Educational Status;  Female;  Health Status;  Humans;  Male;  Public Housing;  Residence Characteristics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302458_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health 101 nanocourse: A condensed educational tool for non-public health professionals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ramirez, C.L.
Author-Name: Gajdos, Z.K.Z.
Author-Name: Kreatsoulas, C.
Author-Name: Afeiche, M.C.
Author-Name: Asgarzadeh, M.
Author-Name: Nelson, C.C.
Author-Name: Kanjee, U.
Author-Name: Caban-Martinez, A.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S50-S54
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302305
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302305
Abstract: Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows-including those at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)-have somewhat limited opportunities outside of traditional coursework to learn holistically about public health. Because this lack of familiarity could be a barrier to fruitful collaboration across disciplines, HSPH postdocs sought to address this challenge. In response, the Public Health 101 Nanocourse was developed to provide an overview of five core areas of public health (biostatistics, environmental health sciences, epidemiology, health policy and management, and social and behavioral sciences) in a two half-day course format. We present our experiences with developing and launching this novel approach to acquainting wider multidisciplinary audiences with the field of public health.
Keywords: curriculum;  education;  human;  Massachusetts;  organization and management;  pilot study;  public health;  school, Curriculum;  Humans;  Massachusetts;  Pilot Projects;  Public Health;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302305_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Explaining racial disparities in infant health in Brazil [Explicación de las disparidades raciales en la salud neonatal en Brasil]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nyarko, K.A.
Author-Name: Lopez-Camelo, J.
Author-Name: Castilla, E.E.
Author-Name: Wehby, G.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S563-S584
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil. Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We focused on disparities in LBW (<2500 g) and PTB (<37 gestational weeks) prevalence between infants of African ancestry alone or African mixed with other ancestries, and European ancestry alone. We used a decomposition model to quantify the contributions of conceptually relevant factors to these disparities. Results. The model explained 45% to 94% of LBW and 64% to 94% of PTB disparities between the African ancestry groups and European ancestry. Differences in prenatal care use and geographic location were the most important contributors, followed by socioeconomic differences. The model explained the majority of the disparities for mixed African ancestry and part of the disparity for African ancestry alone. Conclusions. Public policies to improve children's health should target prenatal care and geographic location differences to reduce health disparities between infants of African and European ancestries in Brazil. Copyright © 2015 American Public Health Association.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Development of the policy indicator checklist: A tool to identify and measure policies for calorie-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages across multiple settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, R.E.
Author-Name: Hallett, A.M.
Author-Name: Parker, N.
Author-Name: Kudia, O.
Author-Name: Kao, D.
Author-Name: Modelska, M.
Author-Name: Rifai, H.
Author-Name: O'Connor, D.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1036-1043
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302559
Abstract: Objectives: We developed the policy indicator checklist (PIC) to identify and measure policies for calorie-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages to determine how policies are clustered across multiple settings. Methods: In 2012 and 2013 we used existing literature, policy documents, government recommendations, and instruments to identify key policies. We then developed the PIC to examine the policy environments across 3 settings (communities, schools, and early care and education centers) in 8 communities participating in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project. Results: Principal components analysis revealed 5 components related to calorie-dense food policies and 4 components related to sugar-sweetened beverage policies. Communities with higher youth and racial/ethnic minority populations tended to have fewer and weaker policy environments concerning calorie-dense foods and healthy foods and beverages. Conclusions: The PIC was a helpful tool to identify policies that promote healthy food environments across multiple settings and to measure and compare the overall policy environments across communities. There is need for improved coordination across settings, particularly in areas with greater concentration of youths and racial/ethnic minority populations. Policies to support healthy eating are not equally distributed across communities, and disparities continue to exist in nutrition policies.
Keywords: sweetening agent, beverage;  caloric intake;  demography;  food preference;  health care policy;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  Pediatric Obesity;  school;  socioeconomics;  standards, Beverages;  Energy Intake;  Food Preferences;  Health Policy;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Pediatric Obesity;  Residence Characteristics;  Schools;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Sweetening Agents
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302559_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A return to the social justice spirit of Alma-Ata
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Author-Name: Brown, T.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1096-1097
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302602
Keywords: developed country;  developing country;  health;  health care planning;  health care policy;  health promotion;  history;  human;  human rights;  primary health care;  public health;  social behavior;  social justice, Developed Countries;  Developing Countries;  Global Health;  Health Care Reform;  Health Policy;  Health Priorities;  Healthy People Programs;  History, 20th Century;  History, 21st Century;  Human Rights;  Humans;  Primary Health Care;  Public Health;  Social Justice;  Social Responsibility
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302602_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prescription disposal practices: A 2-year ecological study of drug drop box donations in appalachia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gray, J.
Author-Name: Hagemeier, N.
Author-Name: Brooks, B.
Author-Name: Alamian, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e89-e94
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302689
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302689
Abstract: Objectives. We quantified controlled substance donations via permanent drug donation boxes over 2 years in a region with high prescription abuse, assessing medication characteristics, time between dispensing and donation, and weight of medications donated per capita. Methods. In partnership with Drug Enforcement Administration and local law enforcement, we analyzed permanent drug donation box collections in 8 Northeast Tennessee locations from June 2012 to April 2014. We recorded controlled substance dosage units along with the product dispensing date. Results. We collected 4841 pounds of pharmaceutical waste, 4.9% (238.5 pounds) of which were controlled substances, totaling 106 464 controlled substance doses. Analysis of dispensing dates for controlled substances indicated a median of 34 months lapsed from dispensing to donation (range = 1-484 months). The mean controlled substance donation rate was 1.39 pounds per 1000 residents. Communities with fewer than 10 000 residents had a statistically higher controlled substance donation rate (P = .002) compared with communities with 10 000 or more residents. Conclusions. Permanent drug donation boxes can be an effective mechanism to remove controlled substances from community settings. Rural and urban community residents should be provided convenient and timely access to drug disposal options.
Keywords: controlled substance;  prescription drug, demography;  epidemiology;  human;  procedures;  statistics and numerical data;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  waste disposal, Appalachian Region;  Controlled Substances;  Humans;  Prescription Drugs;  Refuse Disposal;  Residence Characteristics;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Tennessee
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302689_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: System for rapid assessment of pneumonia and influenza-related mortality-Ohio, 2009-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rodgers, L.E.
Author-Name: Paulson, J.
Author-Name: Fowler, B.
Author-Name: Duffy, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 236-239
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302231
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302231
Abstract: Rapid mortality surveillance is critical for state emergency preparedness. To enhance timeliness during the 2009-2010 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, the Ohio Department of Health activated a drop-down menu within Ohio's Electronic Death Registration System for reporting of pneumonia- or influenza-related deaths approximately 5 days postmortem. We used International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, available 2-3 months postmortem as the standard, and assessed their agreement with drop-down-menu codes for pneumonia- or influenzarelated deaths. Among 56 660 Ohio deaths during September 2009-March 2010, agreement was 97.9% for pneumonia (κ = 0.85) and 99.9% for influenza (κ = 0.79). Sensitivity was 80.2% for pneumonia and 73.9% for influenza. Drop-down menu coding enhanced timeliness while maintaining high agreement with ICD-10 codes.
Keywords: epidemiology;  health survey;  human;  influenza;  International Classification of Diseases;  mortality;  Ohio;  pneumonia;  procedures;  register;  time factor, Humans;  Influenza, Human;  International Classification of Diseases;  Ohio;  Pneumonia;  Population Surveillance;  Registries;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302231_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Systematic review of racial disparities in human papillomavirus-Associated anal dysplasia and anal cancer among men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Walsh, T.
Author-Name: Bertozzi-Villa, C.
Author-Name: Schneider, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e34-e45
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302469
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302469
Abstract: We systematically reviewed the literature on anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, dysplasia, and cancer among Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) to determine if a racial disparity exists. We searched 4 databases for articles up to March 2014. Studies involving Black MSM are nearly absent from the literature. Of 25 eligible studies, 2 stratified by race and sexual behavior. Both reported an elevated rate of abnormal anal outcomes among Black MSM. White MSM had a 1.3 times lower prevalence of group-2HPV (P < .01) and nearly 13% lower prevalence of anal dysplasia than did Black MSM. We were unable to determine factors driving the absence of Black MSM in this research and whether disparities in clinical care exist. Elevated rates of abnormal anal cytology among Black MSM in 2 studies indicate a need for future research in this population. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: African American;  anus tumor;  Caucasian;  ethnology;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  papillomavirus infection;  prevalence;  risk factor;  sexual behavior, African Americans;  Anus Neoplasms;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Papillomavirus Infections;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Sexual Behavior
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302469_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Meaningful use of an electronic health record in the New York city jail system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martelle, M.
Author-Name: Farber, B.
Author-Name: Stazesky, R.
Author-Name: Dickey, N.
Author-Name: Parsons, A.
Author-Name: Venters, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1752-1754
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302796
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302796
Abstract: Use of electronic health records (EHRs) is an important innovation for patients in jails and prisons. Efforts to incentivize health information technology, including the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program, are generally aimed at community providers; however, recent regulation changes allow participation of jail health providers. In the New York City jail system, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene oversees care delivery and was able to participate in and earn incentives through the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. Despite the challenges of this program and other health information innovations, participation by correctional health services can generate financial assistance and useful frameworks to guide these efforts. Policymakers will need to consider the specific challenges of implementing these programs in correctional settings.
Keywords: electronic medical record;  health care delivery;  health care quality;  human;  mass communication;  meaningful use criteria;  prison;  standards;  United States, Delivery of Health Care;  Diffusion of Innovation;  Electronic Health Records;  Humans;  Meaningful Use;  New York City;  Prisons;  Quality of Health Care
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302796_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A matter of perspective: Seeing Cuban and United States health systems through a cultural lens
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Author-Name: Bialek, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1509-1511
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302692
Keywords: Cuba;  cultural factor;  health care delivery;  human;  organization and management;  standards;  United States, Cross-Cultural Comparison;  Cuba;  Delivery of Health Care;  Humans;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302692_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Inequities in workplace secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking women of reproductive age
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Johnson, C.Y.
Author-Name: Luckhaupt, S.E.
Author-Name: Lawson, C.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e33-e40
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302380
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302380
Abstract: Objectives. We characterized workplace secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking women of reproductive age as a proxy for workplace secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy. Methods. We included nonsmoking women aged 18 to 44 years employed during the past 12 months who participated in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. We estimated the prevalence of workplace secondhand smoke exposure and its associations with sociodemographic and workplace characteristics. Results. Nine percent of women reported workplace secondhand smoke exposure. Prevalence decreased with increasing age, education, and earnings. Workplace secondhand smoke exposure was associated with chemical exposure (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 4.7); being threatened, bullied, or harassed (POR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.1, 5.1); vapors, gas, dust, or fume exposure (POR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.3, 4.4); and worrying about unemployment (POR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8, 5.2), among other things. Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all workers could eliminate inequities in workplace secondhand smoke exposure, including during pregnancy.
Keywords: passive smoking, adolescent;  adult;  adverse effects;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  occupation;  occupational exposure;  passive smoking;  pregnancy;  prevalence;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Occupational Exposure;  Occupations;  Pregnancy;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution;  United States;  Women, Working
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302380_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The potential for glycemic control monitoring and screening for diabetes at dental visits using oral blood
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Strauss, S.M.
Author-Name: Rosedale, M.T.
Author-Name: Pesce, M.A.
Author-Name: Rindskopf, D.M.
Author-Name: Kaur, N.
Author-Name: Juterbock, C.M.
Author-Name: Wolff, M.S.
Author-Name: Malaspina, D.
Author-Name: Danoff, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 796-801
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302357
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302357
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the potential for glycemic control monitoring and screening for diabetes in a dental setting among adults (n = 408) with or at risk for diabetes. Methods. In 2013 and 2014, we performed hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests on dried blood samples of gingival crevicular blood and compared these with paired "gold-standard" HbA1c tests with dried finger-stick blood samples in New York City dental clinic patients. We examined differences in sociodemographics and diabetes-related risk and health care characteristics for 3 groups of at-risk patients. Results. About half of the study sample had elevated HbA1c values in the combined prediabetes and diabetes ranges, with approximately one fourth of those in the diabetes range. With a correlation of 0.991 between gingival crevicular and finger-stick blood HbA1c, measures of concurrence between the tests were extremely high for both elevated HbA1c and diabetes-range HbA1c levels. Persons already diagnosed with diabetes and undiagnosed persons aged 45 years or older could especially benefit from HbA1c testing at dental visits. Conclusions. Gingival crevicular blood collected at the dental visit can be used to screen for diabetes and monitor glycemic control for many at-risk patients. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: glucose blood level;  glycosylated hemoglobin, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  blood;  blood sampling;  body mass;  dental procedure;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  female;  glucose blood level;  human;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  New York;  procedures;  socioeconomics;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Blood Glucose;  Blood Specimen Collection;  Body Mass Index;  Dental Care;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Female;  Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated;  Humans;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302357_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of green stormwater infrastructure installation on surrounding health and safety
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kondo, M.C.
Author-Name: Low, S.C.
Author-Name: Henning, J.
Author-Name: Branas, C.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e114-e121
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302314
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302314
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the health and safety effects of urban green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) installments.
Keywords: rain;  sewage, complication;  crime;  demography;  ecosystem;  environmental planning;  health;  human;  mental stress;  natural science;  Pennsylvania;  plant;  prevention and control;  procedures;  psychology;  regression analysis;  safety;  sanitation;  sewage;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  water quality, Crime;  Drainage, Sanitary;  Ecosystem;  Environment Design;  Humans;  Nature;  Philadelphia;  Plants;  Rain;  Regression Analysis;  Residence Characteristics;  Safety;  Sewage;  Stress, Psychological;  Urban Health;  Water Quality
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302314_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Coupled ethical-epistemic analysis of public health research and practice: Categorizing variables to improve population health and equity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Katikireddi, S.V.
Author-Name: Valles, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e36-e42
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302279
Abstract: The categorization of variables can stigmatize populations, which is ethically problematic and threatens the central purpose of public health: to improve population health and reduce health inequities. How social variables (e.g., behavioral risks for HIV) are categorized can reinforce stigma and cause unintended harms to the populations practitioners and researchers strive to serve. Although debates about the validity or ethical consequences of epidemiological variables are familiar for specific variables (e.g., ethnicity), these issues apply more widely. We argue that these tensions and debates regarding epidemiological variables should be analyzed simultaneously as ethical and epistemic challenges. We describe a framework derived from the philosophy of science that may be usefully applied to public health, and we illustrate its application.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302279_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Bridging graduate education in public health and the liberal arts
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aelion, C.M.
Author-Name: Gubrium, A.C.
Author-Name: Aulino, F.
Author-Name: Krause, E.L.
Author-Name: Leatherman, T.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S78-S82
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302467
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302467
Abstract: The University of Massachusetts Amherst is part of Five-Colleges Inc, a consortium that includes the university and four liberal arts colleges. Consortium faculty from the School of Public Health and Health Sciences at the university and from the colleges are working to bridgeliberal arts with public health graduate education. Weoutline four key themes guiding this effort and exemplary curricular tools for innovative community-based and multidisciplinary academic and research programs. The structure of the consortium has created a novel trajectory for student learning and engagement, with important ramifications for pedagogy and professional practice in public health. We show how graduate public health education and liberal arts can, and must, work in tandemto transform public health practice in the 21st century.
Keywords: academic achievement;  cultural anthropology;  curriculum;  education;  human;  humanities;  medical education;  organization and management;  problem based learning;  procedures;  school;  teaching;  United States, Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Culture;  Curriculum;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humanities;  Humans;  Massachusetts;  Problem-Based Learning;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302467_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association between assisted reproductive technology conception and autism in California, 1997-2007
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fountain, C.
Author-Name: Zhang, Y.
Author-Name: Kissin, D.M.
Author-Name: Schieve, L.A.
Author-Name: Jamieson, D.J.
Author-Name: Rice, C.
Author-Name: Bearman, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 963-971
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302383
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302383
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and diagnosed autistic disorder in a population-based sample of California births. Methods: We performed an observational cohort study using linked records from the California Birth Master Files for 1997 through 2007, the California Department of Developmental Services autism caseload for 1997 through 2011, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National ART Surveillance System for live births in 1997 through 2007. Participants were all 5 926 251 live births, including 48 865 ART-originated infants and 32 922 cases of autism diagnosed by the Department of Developmental Services. We compared births originated using ART with births originated without ART for incidence of autism. Results: In the full population, the incidence of diagnosed autism was twice as high for ART as non-ART births. The association was diminished by excluding mothers unlikely to use ART; adjustment for demographic and adverse prenatal and perinatal outcomes reduced the association substantially, although statistical significance persisted for mothers aged 20 to 34 years. Conclusions: The association between ART and autism is primarily explained by adverse prenatal and perinatal outcomes and multiple births.
Keywords: adult;  age;  Autistic Disorder;  California;  female;  gestational age;  human;  incidence;  infertility therapy;  multiple pregnancy;  pregnancy;  pregnancy outcome;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Age Factors;  Autistic Disorder;  California;  Female;  Gestational Age;  Humans;  Incidence;  Multiple Birth Offspring;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Outcome;  Reproductive Techniques, Assisted;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302383_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Suicide prevention referrals in a mobile health smoking cessation intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Christofferson, D.E.
Author-Name: Hamlett-Berry, K.
Author-Name: Augustson, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e7-e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302690
Abstract: Automated mobile health (mHealth) programs deliver effective smoking cessation interventions through text message platforms. Smoking is an independent risk factor for suicide, so the Department of Veterans Affairs incorporated information about the Veterans Crisis Line into its SmokefreeVET smoking cessation text messaging program. Almost 7% of all SmokefreeVET enrollees have accessed this information. Because of the reach and automated nature of this and similar programs, we recommend including a referral to a suicide prevention hotline for all smoking cessation mHealth interventions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: government;  human;  preventive health service;  procedures;  psychology;  risk factor;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  suicide;  text messaging;  United States, Humans;  Mobile Health Units;  Risk Factors;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Suicide;  Text Messaging;  United States;  United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302690_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Safer roads owing to higher gasoline prices: How long it takes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chi, G.
Author-Name: Brown, W.
Author-Name: Zhang, X.
Author-Name: Zheng, Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e119-e125
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302579
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302579
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated how much time passes before gasoline price changes affect traffic crashes. Methods. We systematically examined 2004 to 2012 Mississippi traffic crash data by age, gender, and race. Control variables were unemployment rate, seat belt use, alcohol consumption, climate, and temporal and seasonal variations. Results. We found a positive association between higher gasoline prices and safer roads. Overall, gasoline prices affected crashes 9 to 10 months after a price change. This finding was generally consistent across age, gender, and race, with some exceptions. For those aged 16 to 19 years, gasoline price increases had an immediate (although statistically weak) effect and a lagged effect, but crashes involving those aged 25 to 34 years was seemingly unaffected by price changes. For older individuals (≥ 75 years), the lagged effect was stronger and lasted longer than did that of other age groups. Conclusions. The results have important health policy implications for using gasoline prices and taxes to improve traffic safety. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: gasoline, adolescent;  adult;  age;  aged;  cost;  economics;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  Mississippi;  sex difference;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  time factor;  traffic accident;  young adult, Accidents, Traffic;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  Aged;  Costs and Cost Analysis;  Female;  Gasoline;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Mississippi;  Models, Statistical;  Sex Factors;  Time Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302579_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Marshaling the evidence: The prioritized public health accreditation research agenda
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kronstadt, J.
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Author-Name: Bender, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S1513-S158
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302247
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302247
Abstract: A national public health department accreditation program was recently developed and implemented by the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) to improve the quality and performance of public health departments. Because of its potential to transform public health, it is critical that the evidence base around accreditation be strong. With input from public health practitioners and researchers, PHAB developed a research agenda that highlights priority questions related to barriers and facilitators to seeking and obtaining accreditation, the PHAB standards and review process, metrics to determine the impact of accreditation, and benefits and outcomes associated with accreditation for the departments that undergo the process. We present that agenda, discuss the potential challengesofconductingaccreditation research, and call on researchers to build a greater base of evidence related to accreditation.
Keywords: accreditation;  health services research;  health status;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Accreditation;  Health Services Research;  Health Status;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302247_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Importance of scientific resources among local public health practitioners
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fields, R.P.
Author-Name: Stamatakis, K.A.
Author-Name: Duggan, K.
Author-Name: Brownson, R.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S288-S294
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302323
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302323
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the perceived importance of scientific resources for decision-making among local health department (LHD) practitioners in the United States. Methods: We used data from LHD practitioners (n = 849). Respondents ranked important decision-making resources, methods for learning about public health research, and academic journal use. We calculated descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to measure associations of individual and LHD characteristics with importance of scientific resources. Results: Systematic reviews of scientific literature (24.7%) were most frequently ranked as important among scientific resources, followed by scientific reports (15.9%), general literature review articles (6.5%), and 1 or a few scientific studies (4.8%). Graduate-level education (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] = 1.7-3.5), larger LHD size (AORs = 2.0-3.5), and leadership support (AOR = 1.6; 95%confidence interval = 1.1, 2.3) were associated with a higher ranking of importance of scientific resources. Conclusions: Graduate training, larger LHD size, and leadership that supports a culture of evidence-based decision-making may increase the likelihood of practitioners viewing scientific resources as important. Targeting communication channels that practitioners view as important can also guide research dissemination strategies.
Keywords: adult;  decision making;  evidence based practice;  female;  government;  human;  leadership;  male;  middle aged;  public health service;  research;  United States, Adult;  Decision Making;  Evidence-Based Practice;  Female;  Humans;  Leadership;  Local Government;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Public Health Administration;  Research;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302323_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comprehensive US statewide smoke-free indoor air legislation and secondhand smoke exposure, asthma prevalence, and related doctor visits: 2007-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lin, H.-C.
Author-Name: Park, J.-Y.
Author-Name: Seo, D.-C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1617-1622
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302596
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the impact of comprehensive statewide smoke-free indoor air laws on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, asthma prevalence, and asthma-related doctor visits. Methods. We used the 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data sets. We employed a paired t test to determine whether comprehensive statewide smoke-free indoor air laws reduced SHS exposure. We performed weighted logistic and Poisson regressions to obtain likelihood of reporting asthma symptoms and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of doctor visits owing to severe asthma symptoms. Results. After such laws were enacted, people in states with comprehensive smoke-free indoor air laws had a lower level of SHS exposure (P < .01), decreased odds of reporting current asthma symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51, 0.63), and a decreased frequency of doctor's visits owing to severe asthma symptoms (IRR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92) than did their counterparts in fully adjusted models. Conclusions. Comprehensive statewide smoke-free indoor air laws appear to be effective in reducing SHS exposure and improving asthma outcomes. Regulations requiring smoke-free indoor environments and public areas are beneficial, and smoke-free indoor air laws should be enforced in all states. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: passive smoking, asthma;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  child;  female;  government;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  passive smoking;  Poisson distribution;  prevalence;  smoking ban;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Asthma;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Poisson Distribution;  Prevalence;  Smoke-Free Policy;  State Government;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302596_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Debating water fluoridation before Dr. Strangelove
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carstairs, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1559-1569
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302660
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302660
Abstract: In the 1930s, scientists learned that small amounts of fluoride naturally occurring in water could protect teeth from decay, and the idea of artificially adding fluoride to public water supplies to achieve the same effect arose. In the 1940s and early 1950s, a number of studies were completed to determine whether fluoride could have harmful effects. The research suggested that the possibility of harm was small. In the early 1950s, Canadian and US medical, dental, and public health bodies all endorsed water fluoridation. I argue in this article that some early concerns about the toxicity of fluoride were put aside as evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of water fluoridation mounted and as the opposition was taken over by people with little standing in the scientific, medical, and dental communities. The sense of optimism that infused postwar science and the desire of dentists to have a magic bullet that could wipe out tooth decay also affected the scientific debate. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adverse effects;  Canada;  dental caries;  fluoridation;  health promotion;  history;  human;  United States, Canada;  Dental Caries;  Fluoridation;  Health Promotion;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302660_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Modeling the injury prevention impact of mandatory alcohol ignition interlock installation in all new US vehicles
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carter, P.M.
Author-Name: Flannagan, C.A.C.
Author-Name: Bingham, C.R.
Author-Name: Cunningham, R.M.
Author-Name: Rupp, J.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1028-1035
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302445
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302445
Abstract: Objectives: We estimated the injury prevention impact and cost savings associated with alcohol interlock installation in all new US vehicles. Methods: We identified fatal and nonfatal injuries associated with drinking driver vehicle crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and National Automotive Sampling System's General Estimates System data sets (2006-2010). We derived the estimated impact of universal interlock installation using an estimate of the proportion of alcohol-related crashes that were preventable in vehicles<1 year-old. We repeated this analysis for each subsequent year, assuming a 15-year implementation. We applied existing crash-induced injury cost metrics to approximate economic savings, and we used a sensitivity analysis to examine results with varying device effectiveness. Results: Over 15 years, 85% of crash fatalities (>59000) and 84% to 88% of nonfatal injuries (>1.25 million) attributed to drinking drivers would be prevented, saving an estimated $342 billion in injury-related costs, with the greatest injury and cost benefit realized among recently legal drinking drivers. Cost savings outweighed installation costs after 3 years, with the policy remaining cost effective provided device effectiveness remained above approximately 25%. Conclusions: Alcohol interlock installation in all new vehicles is likely a cost-effective primary prevention policy that will substantially reduce alcohol-involved crash fatalities and injuries, especially among young vulnerable drivers.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  breath analysis;  car driving;  cost benefit analysis;  cost control;  devices;  economics;  female;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  prevention and control;  protective equipment;  statistical model;  traffic accident;  Wounds and Injuries, Accidents, Traffic;  Adult;  Aged;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  Automobile Driving;  Breath Tests;  Cost Savings;  Cost-Benefit Analysis;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Models, Econometric;  Protective Devices;  Wounds and Injuries
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302445_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health policy, ethics, and the kansas legislative health academy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blacksher, E.
Author-Name: Maree, G.
Author-Name: Schrandt, S.
Author-Name: Soderquist, C.
Author-Name: Steffensmeier, T.
Author-Name: St. Peter, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 485-489
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302333
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302333
Abstract: We describe a unique program, the Kansas Legislative Health Academy, that brings together state legislators from across the political spectrum to build their capacity in advancing policies that can improve the health of Kansans.
Keywords: education;  ethics;  health care planning;  health care policy;  health care quality;  human;  Kansas;  leadership;  legislation and jurisprudence;  management;  medical ethics;  nonbiological model;  organization;  politics;  public relations, Academies and Institutes;  Ethics, Medical;  Health Policy;  Health Priorities;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Kansas;  Leadership;  Models, Organizational;  Policy Making;  Politics;  Quality of Health Care
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302333_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editor's choice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Holtzman, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302916
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302916_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sharing a playbook: Integrated care in community health centers in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, E.B.
Author-Name: Ku, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2028-2034
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302710
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302710
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated basic measures used to assess collaboration between colocated providers and to gauge the extent to which health centers practice integrated care. Methods. We used the Assessment of Behavioral Health Services survey and the 2010 Uniform Data System to explore the elements of integrated care for behavioral health conditions. We used multivariable regression models to examine the correlates of integrated care. Results. More than 85% of health centers provided mental health services in 2010, and almost half offered substance use treatment. Health centers commonly reported shared access to information among behavioral health and medical providers and joint care planning. A higher degree of integrated care involving joint case conferences was less common. Health centers without electronic health records and those with lower percentages of total staff composed of behavioral health workers were less likely to provide integrated care. Conclusions. A 2-pronged strategy involving financial incentives and technical assistance to spread best practices might increase integrated care, particularly among health centers that are not maximizing the potential of electronic health records and health centers with low behavioral health staffing levels.
Keywords: cooperation;  health center;  health services research;  human;  integrated health care system;  mental health service;  organization and management;  United States, Community Health Centers;  Cooperative Behavior;  Delivery of Health Care, Integrated;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Mental Health Services;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302710_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The role of young adults' pleasure attitudes in shaping condom use
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Higgins, J.A.
Author-Name: Wang, Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1329-1332
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302622
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302622
Abstract: Condoms can help young adults protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. We examined young people's attitudes about whether condoms reduced pleasure and how these attitudes shape condom practices. We used a nationally representative sample of 2328 heterosexually active, unmarried 15- to 24-year-old young adults to document multivariate associations with condom nonuse at the last sexual episode. For both young men and women, pleasure-related attitudes were more strongly associated with lack of condom use than all sociodemographic or sexual history factors. Research and interventions should consistently assess and address young people's attitudes about how condoms affect pleasure.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302622_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Translating a fall prevention intervention into practice: A randomized community trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guse, C.E.
Author-Name: Peterson, D.J.
Author-Name: Christiansen, A.L.
Author-Name: Mahoney, J.
Author-Name: Laud, P.
Author-Name: Layde, P.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1475-1481
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302315
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302315
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether community translation of an effective evidence-based fall prevention program via standard monetary support can produce a community-wide reduction in fall injuries in older adults and evaluated whether an enhanced version with added technical support and capacity building amplified the fall reduction effect. Methods. We completed a randomized controlled community trial among adults aged 65 and older in (1) 10 control communities receiving no special resources or guidance on fall prevention, (2) 5 standard support communities receiving modest funding to implement Stepping On, and (3) 5 enhanced support communities receiving funding and technical support. The primary outcome was hospital inpatient and emergency department discharges for falls, examined with Poisson regression. Results. Compared with control communities, standard and enhanced support communities showed significantly higher community-wide reductions (9% and 8%, respectively) in fall injuries from baseline (2007-2008) to follow-up (2010- 2011). No significant difference was found between enhanced and standard support communities. Conclusions. Population-based fall prevention interventions can be effective when implemented in community settings. More research is needed to identify the barriers and facilitators that influence the successful adoption and implementation of fall prevention interventions into broad community practice.
Keywords: aged;  controlled study;  demography;  epidemiology;  falling;  female;  human;  male;  prevention and control;  randomized controlled trial;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Accidental Falls;  Aged;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Residence Characteristics;  Wisconsin
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302315_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A comparison of liver disease mortality with HIV and overdose mortality among Georgia prisoners and releasees: A 2-decade cohort study of prisoners incarcerated in 1991
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Spaulding, A.C.
Author-Name: Sharma, A.
Author-Name: Messina, L.C.
Author-Name: Zlotorzynska, M.
Author-Name: Miller, L.
Author-Name: Binswanger, I.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e51-e57
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302546
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated whether eventual causes of death among a cohort of inmates imprisoned in the southeastern United States differed from those in previous prisoner studies. Methods: Wematched 23510 prisoners in Georgia, a state with historically low levels of heroin consumption but moderate amounts of injection drug use, who were incarcerated on June 30, 1991, to death registries through 2010. Main exposure was 4-year time intervals over 2 decades of observation; main outcome was mortality from liver disease, HIV, and overdose. Results: Although the HIV-related mortality rate exceeded that from liver-related conditions before 2003, liver disease subsequently surpassed HIV as a cause of death. Among 3863 deaths, 22 (0.6%) occurred within 2 weeks after release from prison. Of these, only 2 were caused by accidental poisoning (likely drug overdose). Cardiovascular disease and cancer were the most frequent causes of death in this aging cohort. Conclusions: Our study design deemphasized immediate deaths but highlighted long-term sequelae of exposure to viral hepatitis and alcohol. Treating hepatitis C and implementing interventions to manage alcohol use disorders may improve survival among prisoners in the Southeast.
Keywords: adult;  cause of death;  cohort analysis;  drug overdose;  epidemiology;  female;  Georgia;  heroin dependence;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  liver disease;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  prisoner;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adult;  Cause of Death;  Cohort Studies;  Drug Overdose;  Female;  Georgia;  Heroin Dependence;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Liver Diseases;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prisoners;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302546_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: National heart, lung, and blood institute strategic visioning: Setting an agenda together for the NHLBI of 2025
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mensah, G.A.
Author-Name: Kiley, J.
Author-Name: Mockrin, S.C.
Author-Name: Lauer, M.
Author-Name: Hoots, W.K.
Author-Name: Patel, Y.
Author-Name: Cook, N.L.
Author-Name: Patterson, A.P.
Author-Name: Gibbons, G.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e25-e28
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302605
Keywords: attitude to health;  health promotion;  human;  leadership;  medical research;  national health organization;  organization;  organization and management;  United States, Biomedical Research;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Leadership;  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.);  Organizational Objectives;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302605_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health care costs 1 year after pediatric traumatic brain injury
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Graves, J.M.
Author-Name: Rivara, F.P.
Author-Name: Vavilala, M.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e35-e41
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302744
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302744
Abstract: Objectives. This study sought to estimate total health care costs for mild,moderate, and severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare individual- and population-level costs across levels of TBI severity. Methods. Using 2007 to 2010 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data,we estimated total quarterly health care costs 1 year after TBI among enrollees (aged < 18 years).We compared costs across levels of TBI severity using generalized linear models. Results. Mild TBI accounted for 96.6% of the 319 103 enrollees with TBI;moderate and severe TBI accounted for 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Adjusted individual health care costs for moderate and severe TBI were significantly higher thanmild TBI in the year after injury (P< .01). At the population level,moderate and severe TBI costswere 88% and 75% less than mild TBI, respectively. Conclusions. Individually, moderate and severe TBI initially generated costs that were markedly higher than those of mild TBI. At the population level, costs followingmild TBI far exceeded those ofmore severe cases, a result of the extremely high population burden of mild TBI.
Keywords: adolescent;  Brain Injuries;  child;  economics;  female;  health care cost;  human;  infant;  injury scale;  male;  preschool child;  retrospective study;  United States, Abbreviated Injury Scale;  Adolescent;  Brain Injuries;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Female;  Health Care Costs;  Humans;  Infant;  Male;  Retrospective Studies;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302744_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enhancing the quality of prevention research supported by the National Institutes of Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Murray, D.M.
Author-Name: Cross, W.P.
Author-Name: Simons-Morton, D.
Author-Name: Engel, J.
Author-Name: Portnoy, B.
Author-Name: Wu, J.
Author-Name: Watson, P.A.
Author-Name: Olkkola, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 9-12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302057
Abstract: As the nation's premier biomedical researchagency, the National Institutes of Health(NIH) has supported most of the research that underlies the prevention services that are provided to citizens in the United States and around the world. Within the NIH, the Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) has as itsmissiontoimprove the public health by increasingthescope, quality, dissemination, and effect of prevention research supported by the NIH. In today's environment, the ODP needs to focus its efforts to address this mission. To do so, the ODPhas developed a strategic plan for 2014 to 2018. We provide background on the ODP and key points from the strategic plan.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302057_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: System strategies for colorectal cancer screening at federally qualified health centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Daly, J.M.
Author-Name: Levy, B.T.
Author-Name: Moss, C.A.
Author-Name: Bay, C.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 212-219
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301790
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the protocols and system processes for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in 4midwestern states. Methods: We identified 49 FQHCs in 4 states. In January 2013, we mailed their medical directors a 49-item questionnaire about policies on CRC screening, use of electronic medical records, types of CRC screening recommended, clinic tracking systems, referrals for colonoscopy, and barriers to providing CRC. Results: Forty-four questionnaires (90%) were returned. Thirty-three of the respondents (75%) estimated the proportion of their patients up-to-date with CRC screening, with a mean of 35%. One major barrier to screening was inability to provide colonoscopy for patients with a positive fecal occult blood test (59%). The correlation of system strategies and estimated percentage of patients up-todate with CRC screening was 0.43 (P =.01). Conclusions: CRC system strategies were associated with higher CRC screening rates. Implementing system strategies for CRC screening takes time and effort and is important to maintain, to help prevent, or to cure many cases of CRC, the second leading cause of cancer in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301790_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Type 2 diabetes and anxiety symptoms among women in New Delhi, India
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Weaver, L.J.
Author-Name: Madhu, S.V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2335-2340
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302830
Abstract: Objectives. We explored the relationship between mental health and type 2 diabetes among women in New Delhi, India, in 2011. Methods. We recruited a convenience sample of 184 diabetic women from 10 public and private clinics. They completed a finger-stick blood test and a questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diabetes-related disabilities restricting their performance of daily tasks. A subsample of 30 women participated in follow-up qualitative interviews at their homes. Results. More than one quarter of our sample of diabetic women reported high levels of anxiety symptoms, whereas 18% reported high levels of depression symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were patterned according to recency of diabetes diagnosis, with 40% of women diagnosed less than 2 years before their interview reporting high anxiety symptom levels, as opposed to 23% of women diagnosed more than 2 years in the past. Depression and anxiety scores differed with respect to their relationship to recency of diagnosis, number of children, blood glucose level, and functional disabilities restricting performance of daily tasks. Conclusions. Screening for anxiety among people with diabetes has been overlooked in the past. Anxiety appears more prevalent than depression, especially during the first 2 years of the disease.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  anxiety;  body mass;  depression;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  female;  human;  India;  interview;  mental health;  middle aged;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  time;  walking difficulty, Adult;  Aged;  Anxiety;  Body Mass Index;  Depression;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Female;  Humans;  India;  Interviews as Topic;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Mobility Limitation;  Prevalence;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302830_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Human papillomavirus vaccination among young adult gay and bisexual men in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reiter, P.L.
Author-Name: McRee, A.-L.
Author-Name: Katz, M.L.
Author-Name: Paskett, E.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 96-102
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302095)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302095)
Abstract: Objectives: We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among gay and bisexual men, a population with high rates of HPV infection and HPV-related disease. Methods: A national sample of gay and bisexual men aged 18 to 26 years (n = 428) completed online surveys in fall 2013. We identified correlates of HPV vaccination using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 13% of participants had received any doses of the HPV vaccine. About 83% who had received a health care provider recommendation for vaccination were vaccinated, compared with only 5% without a recommendation (P <.001). Vaccination was lower among participants who perceived greater barriers to getting vaccinated (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.27, 0.78). Vaccination was higher among participants with higher levels of worry about getting HPV-related disease (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.27) or perceived positive social norms of HPV vaccination (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.43). Conclusions: HPV vaccine coverage is low among gay and bisexual men in the United States. Future efforts should focus on increasing provider recommendation for vaccination and should target other modifiable factors.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302095)_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "I always felt I had to prove my manhood": Homosexuality, masculinity, gender role strain, and HIV risk among young Black men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fields, E.L.
Author-Name: Bogart, L.M.
Author-Name: Smith, K.C.
Author-Name: Malebranche, D.J.
Author-Name: Ellen, J.
Author-Name: Schuster, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 122-131
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301866)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301866)
Abstract: Objectives: We explored gender role strain (GRS) arising from conflict between homosexuality and cultural conceptions of masculinity among young Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We conducted a categorical analysis (a qualitative, 3-stage, iterative analysis) of data from studies conducted in 2001 to 2006, which interviewed 35 men aged 18 to 24 years in 3 New York cities and Atlanta, Georgia. Results: Participants described rigid, often antihomosexual expectations of masculinity from their families, peers, and communities. Consistent with GRS, this conflict and pressure to conform to these expectations despite their homosexuality led to psychological distress, efforts to camouflage their homosexuality, and strategies to prove their masculinity. Participants believed this conflict and the associated experience of GRS might increase HIV risk through social isolation, poor self-esteem, reduced access to HIV prevention messages, and limited parental-family involvement in sexuality development and early sexual decision-making. Conclusions: Antihomosexual expectations of masculinity isolate young Black MSM during a developmental stage when interpersonal attachments are critical. GRS may influence sexual risk behavior and HIV risk and be an important target for HIV prevention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301866)_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Simulating dynamic network models and adolescent smoking: The impact of varying peer influence and peer selection
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lakon, C.M.
Author-Name: Hipp, J.R.
Author-Name: Wang, C.
Author-Name: Butts, C.T.
Author-Name: Jose, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2438-2448
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302789
Abstract: We used a stochastic actor-based approach to examine the effect of peer influence and peer selection - the propensity to choose friends who are similar - on smoking among adolescents. Data were collected from 1994 to 1996 from 2 schools involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, with respectively 2178 and 976 students, and different levels of smoking. Our experimental manipulations of the peer influence and selection parameters in a simulation strategy indicated that stronger peer influence decreased school-level smoking. In contrast to the assumption that a smoker may induce a nonsmoker to begin smoking, adherence to antismoking norms may result in an adolescent nonsmoker inducing a smoker to stop smoking and reduce school-level smoking.
Keywords: adolescent;  child psychology;  epidemiology;  female;  friend;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  Markov chain;  peer group;  psychology;  smoking;  social support;  theoretical model;  United States, Adolescent;  Female;  Friends;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Models, Theoretical;  Peer Group;  Psychology, Adolescent;  Smoking;  Social Support;  Stochastic Processes;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302789_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of participation and collaboration on perceived effectiveness of core public health functions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sinclair, A.
Author-Name: Whitford, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1638-1645
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302586
Abstract: Objectives. We measured the perceived effectiveness of core public health services at the community level, and we assessed whether certain system factors were associated with perceived effectiveness. Methods. We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Local Public Health Systems, conducted in 1998 and 2006, to examine the effects of the contributions of health departments and the participation of other agencies to core functions on the perceived effectiveness of community delivery of core assessment, policy development, and assurance functions. Results. Perceived effectiveness increased over time for all 3 core function areas (range = 41%-53% in 2006). Multivariable results showed that local health department contribution to effort was positively associated with perceived effectiveness of public health core functions. The significance of participation of individual types of agencies or organizations varied by core function areas, except for local government agencies and hospitals, which were significantly positively associated with all 3 core function areas. Conclusions. We furthered our understanding of the significance of the contributions and participations of local health departments and of other individual agencies or organizations in the perceived effectiveness of delivery of core functions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: consumer;  cooperation;  human;  longitudinal study;  program evaluation;  public health;  public health service;  questionnaire;  standards, Consumer Participation;  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Program Evaluation;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302586_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reports of insurance-based discrimination in health care and its association with access to care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Han, X.
Author-Name: Call, K.T.
Author-Name: Pintor, J.K.
Author-Name: Alarcon-Espinoza, G.
Author-Name: Simon, A.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S517-S525
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302668
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302668
Abstract: Objectives. We examined reports of insurance-based discrimination and its association with insurance type and access to care in the early years of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods. We used data from the 2013 Minnesota Health Access Survey to identify 4123 Minnesota adults aged 18 to 64 years who reported about their experiences of insurance-based discrimination. We modeled the association between discrimination and insurance type and predicted odds of having reduced access to care among those reporting discrimination, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Data were weighted to represent the state's population. Results. Reports of insurance-based discrimination were higher among uninsured (25%) and publicly insured (21%) adults than among privately insured adults (3%), which held in the regression analysis. Those reporting discrimination had higher odds of lacking a usual source of care, lacking confidence in getting care, forgoing care because of cost, and experiencing provider-level barriers than those who did not. Conclusions. Further research and policy interventions are needed to address insurance-based discrimination in health care settings.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  female;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  male;  middle aged;  perceptive discrimination;  questionnaire;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Discrimination (Psychology);  Female;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Minnesota;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302668_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Searching the Web for influenza vaccines: HealthMap Vaccine Finder
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Huston, J.E.
Author-Name: Mekaru, S.R.
Author-Name: Kluberg, S.
Author-Name: Brownstein, J.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e134-e139
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302466
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302466
Abstract: Objectives. The goal of the HealthMap Vaccine Finder is to provide a free, comprehensive, online service where users can search for locations that offer immunizations. In this article, we describe the data and systems underlying the HealthMap Vaccine Finder (HVF) and summarize the project's first year of operations. Methods. We collected data on vaccination services from a variety of providers for 2012-2013. Data are used to populate an online, public, searchable map. Results. In its first year, HVF collected information from 1256 providers representing 46 381 locations. The public Web site received 625 124 visits during the 2012-2013 influenza vaccination season. Conclusions. HVF is a unique tool that connects the public to vaccine providers in their communities. During the 2012-2013 influenza season, HVF experienced significant usage and was able to respond to user feedback with new features. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: influenza vaccine, directory;  human;  medical information system;  United States, Directories as Topic;  Health Information Systems;  Humans;  Influenza Vaccines;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302466_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comfortably, safely, and without shame: Defining menstrual hygiene management as a public health issue
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sommer, M.
Author-Name: Hirsch, J.S.
Author-Name: Nathanson, C.
Author-Name: Parker, R.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1302-1311
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302525
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302525
Abstract: In recent years, the menstrual hygiene management challenges facing schoolgirls in low-income-country contexts have gained global attention. We applied Gusfield's sociological analysis of the culture of public problems to better understand how this relatively newly recognized public health challenge rose to the level of global public health awareness and action. We similarly applied the conceptualization by Dorfman et al. of the role of public health messaging in changing corporate practice to explore the conceptual frames and the news frames that are being used to shape the perceptions of menstrual hygiene management as an issue of social justice within the context of public health. Important lessons were revealed for getting other public health problems onto the global-, national-, and locallevel agendas.
Keywords: cultural anthropology;  developing country;  ethnology;  female;  feminine hygiene product;  human;  hygiene;  menstruation;  politics;  public health;  safety;  social behavior;  social justice;  standards;  supply and distribution, Culture;  Developing Countries;  Female;  Humans;  Hygiene;  Menstrual Hygiene Products;  Menstruation;  Politics;  Public Health;  Safety;  Social Justice;  Social Responsibility
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302525_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transition to adulthood and antiretroviral adherence among HIV-positive young black men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hussen, S.A.
Author-Name: Andes, K.
Author-Name: Gilliard, D.
Author-Name: Chakraborty, R.
Author-Name: Del Rio, C.
Author-Name: Malebranche, D.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 725-731
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301905
Abstract: Objectives. We conducted a qualitative study of HIV-positive young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) to explore their experiences of living with HIV and adhering to antiretroviral medications (ARVs) within the developmental context of their transition to adulthood. Methods. We conducted life history interviews with 20 HIV-positive YBMSM in Atlanta, Georgia, engaged in outpatient HIV care. We addressed these questions: (1) How do YBMSM living with HIV experience the transition to adulthood? and (2) What are the important sociocontextual influences on ARV adherence for YBMSM? Results. Successful transition to adulthood and optimal ARV adherence were inextricably linked. HIV's detrimental impact on development was moderated by the degree of physical illness at diagnosis. Many participants described resilient trajectories while coping with HIV. Adherence problems occurred primarily among participants who were not meeting their developmental goals. Conclusions. Our findings support the need for early diagnosis and linkage to care, aswell as the need to develop holistic, resilience-based interventions focusing on transition to adulthood. These findings have implications for individual clinical outcomes as well as ARV-based prevention efforts among YBMSM. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: antiretrovirus agent, adaptive behavior;  adolescent;  African American;  coping behavior;  Georgia;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  medication compliance;  motivation;  psychology;  qualitative research;  young adult, Adaptation, Psychological;  Adolescent;  African Americans;  Anti-Retroviral Agents;  Georgia;  Goals;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Qualitative Research;  Resilience, Psychological;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301905_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of restaurant menu calorie labeling
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Long, M.W.
Author-Name: Tobias, D.K.
Author-Name: Cradock, A.L.
Author-Name: Batchelder, H.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e11-e24
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302570
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302570
Abstract: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between menu calorie labeling and calories ordered or purchased in the PubMed, Web of Science, PolicyFile, and PAIS International databases through October 2013. Among 19 studies, menu calorie labeling was associated witha-18.13kilocalorie reduction ordered per meal with significant heterogeneity across studies (95% confidence interval = -33.56, -2.70; P=.021; I2= 61.0%). However, among 6 controlled studiesin restaurant settings, labeling was associated with a nonsignificant -7.63 kilocalorie reduction (95% confidence interval = -21.02, 5.76; P=.264; I2= 9.8%). Although current evidence does not support a significant impact on calories ordered, menu calorie labeling is a relatively low-cost education strategy that may lead consumers to purchase slightly fewer calories. These findings are limited by significant heterogeneity among nonrestaurant studies and few studies conducted in restaurant settings.
Keywords: caloric intake;  catering service;  decision making;  fast food;  food packaging;  food preference;  human;  meta analysis;  procedures, Choice Behavior;  Energy Intake;  Fast Foods;  Food Labeling;  Food Preferences;  Humans;  Restaurants
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302570_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health education at the university of Florida: Synergism and educational innovation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Perri, M.G.
Author-Name: Peoples-Sheps, M.
Author-Name: Blue, A.
Author-Name: Lednicky, J.A.
Author-Name: Prins, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S83-S87
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302414
Abstract: The College of Public Health and Health Professions at the University of Florida is composed of five public health departments andfourclinicalhealthprofessions departments, and the college is one of six that make up the university's Health Science Center. These organizational resources, along with the university's explicit emphasis on collaboration across professions, colleges, institutes, and centers and the strong leadership and full support of deans and other academic leaders, provide a strong foundation for educational innovations. Three key areas in which the college has built upon these opportunities are interprofessional education, development of One Health instructional programs, and application of cutting-edge technology to students' educational experiences. These innovations represent the types of creative approaches to preparing the 21st-century workforce that can be developed through collaboration among multiple disciplines in a major university.
Keywords: curriculum;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  leadership;  medical education;  organization and management;  program development;  school;  teaching;  United States;  university, Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Curriculum;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Florida;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Leadership;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health;  Universities
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302414_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Calorie offsets: Environmental policy for the food environment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: El-Sayed, A.M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e4-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302678
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302678
Abstract: Although obesity continues to challenge the public's health, effective policy solutions are wanting. Borrowing from environmental protection efforts, we explored the potential for a "calorie offset" regulatory mechanism, which is similar to the carbon emission offsets used to curb greenhouse gas emissions, to mitigate the harmful health externalities of unhealthy food production. This approach might have a number of advantages over traditional policy tools, and warrants attention from health policymakers and industry alike. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: caloric intake;  catering service;  environmental policy;  food industry;  human;  obesity, Energy Intake;  Environmental Policy;  Food Industry;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Obesity
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302678_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Randomized trial of two dissemination strategies for a skin cancer prevention program in aquatic settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Glanz, K.
Author-Name: Escoffery, C.
Author-Name: Elliott, T.
Author-Name: Nehl, E.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1415-1423
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302224
Abstract: Objectives. We compared 2 strategies for disseminating an evidence-based skin cancer prevention program. Methods. We evaluated the effects of 2 strategies (basic vs enhanced) for dissemination of the Pool Cool skin cancer prevention program in outdoor swimming pools on (1) program implementation, maintenance, and sustainability and (2) improvements in organizational and environmental supports for sun protection. The trial used a cluster-randomized design with pools as the unit of intervention and outcome. The enhanced group received extra incentives, reinforcement, feedback, and skill-building guidance. Surveys were collected in successive years (2003-2006) from managers of 435 pools in 33 metropolitan areas across the United States participating in the Pool Cool Diffusion Trial. Results. Both treatment groups improved their implementation of the program, but pools in the enhanced condition had significantly greater overall maintenance of the program over 3 summers of participation. Furthermore, pools in the enhanced condition established and maintained significantly greater sun-safety policies and supportive environments over time. Conclusions. This study found that more intensive, theory-driven dissemination strategies can significantly enhance program implementation and maintenance of health-promoting environmental and policy changes. Future research is warranted through longitudinal follow-up to examine sustainability.
Keywords: adult;  controlled study;  epidemiology;  female;  health care policy;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  male;  procedures;  program evaluation;  randomized controlled trial;  Skin Neoplasms;  statistics and numerical data;  swimming pool;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  Female;  Health Education;  Health Policy;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Program Evaluation;  Skin Neoplasms;  Swimming Pools;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302224_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Misclassification and undersampling of sexual minorities in population surveys
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hottes, T.S.
Author-Name: Ferlatte, O.
Author-Name: Gilbert, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302408
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302408_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A systems approach to improving tdap immunization within 5 community-based family practice settings: Working differently (and better) by transforming the structure and process of care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shultz, C.G.
Author-Name: Malouin, J.M.
Author-Name: Green, L.A.
Author-Name: Plegue, M.
Author-Name: Greenberg, G.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1990-1997
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302739
Abstract: Objectives. We examined howfamilymedicine clinic physicians and staffworked in collaborative teams to implement an automated clinical reminder to improve tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine administration and documentation. Methods. A clinical reminder was developed at 5 University of Michigan family medicine clinics to identify patients 11 to 64 years old who were in need of the Tdap booster vaccine. Quality improvement cycles were used to improve clinic care processes. Immunization rates from 2008 to 2011 were compared with rates at 4 primary care control clinics. Results. Vaccination rates among eligible patients increased from 15.5% to 47.3% within the family medicine clinics and from 14.1% to 30.2% within the control clinics. After adjustment for covariates, family medicine patients had a higher probability of vaccination than control patients during each measurement period (0.17 vs 0.15 at baseline, 0.53 vs 0.22 during year 1, and 0.50 vs 0.30 during year 2). Conclusions. Automated clinical reminders, when designed and implemented via a consensus-based framework that addresses the process of care, can dramatically improve provision of preventive health care.
Keywords: diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine, adolescent;  adult;  child;  community care;  female;  general practice;  health services research;  human;  male;  middle aged;  organization and management;  reminder system;  treatment outcome;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Child;  Community Health Services;  Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines;  Family Practice;  Female;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Male;  Michigan;  Middle Aged;  Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care);  Reminder Systems
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302739_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nativity and neighborhood characteristics and cervical cancer stage at diagnosis and survival outcomes among hispanic women in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gomez, N.
Author-Name: Guendelman, S.
Author-Name: Harley, K.G.
Author-Name: Gomez, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 538-545
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302261
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302261
Abstract: Objectives. We examined stage of diagnosis and survival after cervical cancer among Hispanic women, and their associations with Hispanic nativity, and explored whether neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and residence in a Hispanic enclave modify the association of nativity with stage and survival.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  cancer registry;  cancer staging;  confidence interval;  demography;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  middle aged;  migrant;  pathology;  proportional hazards model;  risk;  social class;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  young adult, Adult;  Aged;  California;  Confidence Intervals;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasm Staging;  Odds Ratio;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Residence Characteristics;  SEER Program;  Social Class;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302261_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Multinational alcohol market development and public health: Diageo in India
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Esser, M.B.
Author-Name: Jernigan, D.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2220-2227
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302831
Abstract: Alcohol is a risk factor for communicable and non communicable diseases, and alcohol consumption is rising steadily in India. The growth of multinational alcohol corporations, such as Diageo, contributes to India's changing alcohol environment. We provide a brief history of India's alcohol regulation for context and examine Diageo's strategies for expansion in India in 2013 and 2014. Diageo is attracted to India's younger generation, women, and emerging middle class for growth opportunities. Components of Diageo's responsibility strategy conflict with evidence-based public health recommendations for reducing harmful alcohol consumption. Diageo's strategies for achieving market dominance in India are at odds with public health evidence. We conclude with recommendations for protecting public health in emerging markets.
Keywords: age;  alcoholic beverage;  alcoholism;  economic aspect;  economics;  government regulation;  health care policy;  human;  India;  marketing;  organization and management;  public health;  socioeconomics, Age Factors;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Alcoholism;  Economic Competition;  Government Regulation;  Health Policy;  Humans;  India;  Marketing;  Public Health;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302831_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health in the unrest: Baltimore's preparedness and response after Freddie gray's death
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wen, L.S.
Author-Name: Warren, K.E.
Author-Name: Tay, S.
Author-Name: Khaldun, J.S.
Author-Name: O'Neill, D.L.
Author-Name: Farrow, O.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1957-1959
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302838
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302838
Keywords: adult;  African American;  death;  disaster planning;  epidemiology;  human;  male;  police;  public health service;  social problem;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Baltimore;  Death;  Disaster Planning;  Humans;  Male;  Police;  Public Health Practice;  Social Problems
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302838_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health worker home visits for medicaid-enrolled children with asthma: Effects on asthma outcomes and costs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Campbell, J.D.
Author-Name: Brooks, M.
Author-Name: Hosokawa, P.
Author-Name: Robinson, J.
Author-Name: Song, L.
Author-Name: Krieger, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2366-2372
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302685
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302685
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to estimate the return on investment of a streamlined version of an evidence-based community health worker (CHW) asthma home visit program. Methods. We used a randomized parallel group trial of home visits by CHWs to Medicaid-enrolled children with uncontrolled asthma versus usual care. Results. A total of 373 participants enrolled in the study (182 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group, of whom 154 and 179, respectively, completed the study). The intervention group had greater improvements in asthma symptom-free days (2.10 days more over 2 weeks; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.05; P < .001) and caretakers' quality of life (0.43 units more; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.66; P < .001) and a larger reduction in urgent health care utilization events (1.31 events fewer over 12 months; 95% CI = -2.10, -0.52; P = .001). The intervention arm compared with the control arm saved $1340.92 for the $707.04 additional costs invested for the average participant. The return on investment was 1.90. Conclusions. A streamlined CHW asthma home visit program for children with uncontrolled asthma improved health outcomes and yielded a return on investment of 1.90.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  asthma;  caregiver;  child;  complication;  controlled study;  economics;  female;  health auxiliary;  health care cost;  health service;  human;  male;  medicaid;  organization and management;  patient education;  preschool child;  professional practice;  psychology;  quality of life;  randomized controlled trial;  self care;  single blind procedure;  socioeconomics;  United States;  utilization, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Asthma;  Caregivers;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Community Health Workers;  Female;  Health Expenditures;  Health Services;  House Calls;  Humans;  Male;  Medicaid;  Patient Education as Topic;  Quality of Life;  Self Care;  Single-Blind Method;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302685_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health care spending and utilization by race/ethnicity under the affordable care act's dependent coverage expansion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chen, J.
Author-Name: Bustamante, A.V.
Author-Name: Tom, S.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S499-S507
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302542
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302542
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the effect of the ACA expansion of dependents' coverage on health care expenditures and utilization for young adults by race/ethnicity. Methods. We used difference-in-difference models to estimate the impact of the ACA expansion on health care expenditures, out-of-pocket payments (OOP) as a share of total health care expenditure, and utilization among young adults aged 19 to 26 years by race/ethnicity (White, African American, Latino, and other racial/ethnic groups), with adults aged 27 to 30 years as the control group. Results. In 2011 and 2012, White and African American young adults aged 19 to 26 years had significantly lower total health care spending compared with the 27 to 30 years cohort. OOP, as a share of health care expenditure, remained the same after the ACA expansion for all race/ethnicity groups. Changes in utilization following the ACA expansion among all racial/ethnic groups for those aged 19 to 26 years were not significant. Conclusions. Our study showed that the impact of the ACA expansion on health care expenditures differed by race/ethnicity.
Keywords: adult;  ancestry group;  ethnic group;  female;  health care cost;  health care policy;  human;  insurance;  male;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Health Expenditures;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Male;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302542_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Moving the dial to advance population health equity in New York City Asian American populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Author-Name: Kwon, S.C.
Author-Name: Park, R.
Author-Name: Nadkarni, S.K.
Author-Name: Islam, N.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e16-e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302626
Abstract: The shift toward a health equity framework for eliminating the health disparities burden of racial/ethnic minority populations has moved away from a diseasefocused model to a social determinants framework that aims to achieve the highest attainment of health for all. The New York University Center for the Study of Asian American Health (CSAAH) has identified core themes and strategies for advancing population health equity for Asian American populations in New York City that are rooted in the following: social determinants of health; multisectoral, community-engaged approaches; leveraging community assets; improved disaggregated data collection and access to care; and building sustainability through community leadership and infrastructure-building activities. We describe the strategies CSAAH employed to move the dial on population health equity.
Keywords: Asian American;  community care;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  information processing;  organization and management;  participatory research;  policy;  procedures;  public relations;  social determinants of health;  total quality management;  United States, Asian Americans;  Community Networks;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Data Collection;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  New York City;  Public Policy;  Quality Improvement;  Social Determinants of Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302626_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic disparities in cumulative environmental health impacts in California: Evidence from a statewide environmental justice screening tool (CalEnviroScreen 1.1)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cushing, L.
Author-Name: Faust, J.
Author-Name: August, L.M.
Author-Name: Cendak, R.
Author-Name: Wieland, W.
Author-Name: Alexeeff, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2341-2348
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302643
Abstract: Objectives. We used an environmental justice screening tool (CalEnviroScreen 1.1) to compare the distribution of environmental hazards and vulnerable populations across California communities. Methods. CalEnviroScreen 1.1 combines 17 indicators created from 2004 to 2013 publicly available data into a relative cumulative impact score. We compared cumulative impact scores across California zip codes on the basis of their location, urban or rural character, and racial/ethnic makeup. We used a concentration index to evaluate which indicators were most unequally distributed with respect to race/ ethnicity and poverty. Results. The unadjusted odds of living in one of the 10%most affected zip codes were 6.2, 5.8, 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 times greater for Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and other or multiracial individuals, respectively, than for non-Hispanic Whites. Environmental hazards were more regressively distributed with respect to race/ethnicity than poverty, with pesticide use and toxic chemical releases being the most unequal. Conclusions. Environmental health hazards disproportionately burden communities of color in California. Efforts to reduce disparities in pollution burden can use simple screening tools to prioritize areas for action.
Keywords: dangerous goods;  pesticide, analysis;  ancestry group;  asthma;  California;  dangerous goods;  environment;  ethnic group;  human;  low birth weight;  pollution;  poverty;  small-area analysis;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  vulnerable population, Asthma;  California;  Continental Population Groups;  Environment;  Environmental Pollution;  Ethnic Groups;  Hazardous Substances;  Humans;  Infant, Low Birth Weight;  Pesticides;  Poverty;  Small-Area Analysis;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302643_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Analysis of hospital community benefit expenditures' alignment with community health needs: Evidence from a national investigation of tax-exempt hospitals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Singh, S.R.
Author-Name: Young, G.J.
Author-Name: Lee, S.-Y.D.
Author-Name: Song, P.H.
Author-Name: Alexander, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 914-921
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302436
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302436
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated whether federally tax-exempt hospitals consider community health needs when deciding how much and what types of community benefits to provide. Methods: Using 2009 data from hospital tax filings to the Internal Revenue Service and the 2010 County Health Rankings, we employed both univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the relationship between community health needs and the types and levels of hospitals' community benefit expenditures. The study sample included 1522 private, tax-exempt hospitals throughout the United States. Results: We found some patterns between community health needs and hospitals' expenditures on community benefits. Hospitals located in communities with greater health needs spent more as a percentage of their operating budgets on benefits directly related to patient care. By contrast, spending on community health improvement initiatives was unrelated to community health needs. Conclusions: Important opportunities exist for tax-exempt hospitals to improve the alignment between their community benefit activities and the health needs of the community they serve. The Affordable Care Act requirement that hospitals conduct periodic community health needs assessments may be a first step in this direction.
Keywords: community care;  community hospital;  economics;  health care cost;  health education;  health promotion;  health service;  human;  medicaid;  non profit hospital;  patient care;  statistics and numerical data;  tax;  United States, Health Education;  Health Expenditures;  Health Promotion;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Hospitals, Community;  Hospitals, Voluntary;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Patient Care;  Tax Exemption;  Uncompensated Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302436_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Flavored alcoholic beverage use, risky drinking behaviors, and adverse outcomes among underage drinkers: Results from the ABRAND study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Albers, A.B.
Author-Name: Siegel, M.
Author-Name: Ramirez, R.L.
Author-Name: Ross, C.
Author-Name: DeJong, W.
Author-Name: Jernigan, D.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 810-815
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302349
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302349
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between consumption of different types of flavored alcoholic beverages (FABs) and risky drinking and drinking-related harms among underage drinkers. Methods. For the Alcohol Brand Research among Underage Youth study, we applied multivariable logistic regression analyses to data from underage drinkers (n = 1031, aged 13-20 years), recruited from a national Internet panel in 2011 to 2012, to estimate associations between consumption of malt-based drinks; spirits-based, premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails; and supersized alcopops, alone or in combination, and alcohol-related outcomes. Results. After adjustment for confounding variables, the exclusive consumption of alcopops was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 15.31; P < .05) and alcohol-related injuries (OR= 6.25; 95% CI = 1.34, 29.10; P < .05). Exclusive consumption of cocktails was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.26, 5.41; P < .05) and injuries requiring medical attention (OR= 6.50; 95% CI = 2.09, 20.17; P < .001. Exclusive consumption of 2 or more FABs was associated with episodic heavy drinking (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.25, 6.16; P < .05), fighting (OR= 3.30; 95% CI = 1.46, 7.47; P < .001), and alcohol-related injuries (OR= 2.83; 95% CI = 1.43, 5.58; P < .001). Conclusions. FABs present an emerging public health problem among youths. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: flavoring agent, adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  adverse effects;  alcoholic beverage;  drinking behavior;  female;  high risk behavior;  human;  male;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Female;  Flavoring Agents;  Humans;  Male;  Risk-Taking;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302349_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transit use, physical activity, and body mass index changes: Objective measures associated with complete street light-rail construction
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, B.B.
Author-Name: Werner, C.M.
Author-Name: Tribby, C.P.
Author-Name: Miller, H.J.
Author-Name: Smith, K.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1468-1474
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302561
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302561
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed effects on physical activity (PA) and weight among participants in a complete street intervention that extended a light-rail line in Salt Lake City, Utah. Methods. Participants in the Moving Across Places Study resided within 2 kilometers of the new line. They wore accelerometers and global positioning system (GPS) loggers for 1 week before and after rail construction. Regression analyses compared change scores of participants who never rode transit with continuing, former, and new riders, after adjustment for control variables (total n = 537). Results. New riders had significantly more accelerometer-measured counts per minute than never-riders (P < .01), and former riders had significantly fewer (P < .01). New riders lost (P < .05) and former riders gained (P < .01) weight. Former riders lost 6.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per 10 hours of accelerometer wear (P < .01) and gained 16.4 minutes of sedentary time (P < .01). New riders gained 4.2 MVPA minutes (P < .05) and lost 12.8 (P < .05) sedentary minutes per 10 hours accelerometer wear. Conclusions. In light of the health benefits of transit ridership in the complete street area, research should address how to encourage more sustained ridership.
Keywords: accelerometry;  adult;  body mass;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  motor activity;  traffic and transport;  United States, Accelerometry;  Adult;  Body Mass Index;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Motor Activity;  Transportation;  Utah
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302561_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changing awareness of the health insurance marketplace
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bias, T.K.
Author-Name: Agarwal, P.
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S633-S636
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302844
Abstract: The Health Insurance Marketplace was designed to increase the affordability of health insurance. The success of the marketplace depends on people's awareness and use of it. In a statewide mail survey of West Virginians, we found that respondents' awareness of the West Virginia Health Insurance Marketplace increased from 2013 to 2014. However, large percentages of respondents continued to be unaware of the availability of federal subsidies and were unsure of their personal eligibility for these subsidies. It is essential that awareness and enrollment efforts continue and that they be expanded in novel ways to continue growth in access to health insurance through the marketplace.
Keywords: adult;  awareness;  economics;  female;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  male;  medical care;  middle aged;  organization and management;  socioeconomics;  West Virginia, Adult;  Awareness;  Eligibility Determination;  Female;  Health Insurance Exchanges;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Male;  Medical Assistance;  Middle Aged;  Socioeconomic Factors;  West Virginia
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302844_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prospective associations among assets and successful transition to early adulthood
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oman, R.F.
Author-Name: Vesely, S.K.
Author-Name: Aspy, C.B.
Author-Name: Tolma, E.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e51-e56
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302310
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302310
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated prospective associations among assets (e.g., family communication), which research has shown to protect youths from risk behavior, and successful transition to early adulthood (STEA). Methods: We included participants (n = 651) aged 18 years and older at study wave 5 (2007-2008) of the Youth Asset Study, in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metro area, in the analyses. We categorized 14 assets into individual-, family-, or community-level groups. We included asset groups assessed at wave 1 (2003-2004) in linear regression analyses to predict STEA 4 years later at wave 5. Results: Individual- and community-level assets significantly (P <.05) predicted STEA 4 years later and the associations were generally linear, indicating that the more assets participants possessed the better the STEA outcome. There was a gender interaction for family-level assets suggesting that family-level assets were significant predictors of STEA for males but not for females. Conclusions: Public health programming should focus on community- and family-level youth assets as well as individual-level youth assets to promote positive health outcomes in early adulthood.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302310_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health, science, and policy debate: Being right is not enough
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Camargo, K.
Author-Name: Grant, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 232-235
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302241
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302241
Abstract: Public health is usually enacted through public policies, necessitating that the public engage in debates that, ideally, are grounded in solid scientific findings. Mistrust in science, however, has compromised the possibility of deriving sound policy from such debates, partially owing to justified concerns regarding undue interference and even outright manipulation by commercial interests. This situation has generated problematic impasses, one of which is the emergence of an antivaccination movement that is already affecting public health, with a resurgence in the United States of preventable diseases thought to have been eradicated. Drawing on British sociologist Harry Collins' work on expertise, we propose a theoretical framework in which the paralyzing, undue public distrust of science can be analyzed and, it is hoped, overcome.
Keywords: health care policy;  human;  public health;  science;  trust, Health Policy;  Humans;  Public Health;  Science;  Trust
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302241_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The changing urban landscape: Interconnections between racial/ethnic segregation and exposure in the study of race-specific violence over time
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Parker, K.F.
Author-Name: Stansfield, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1796-1805
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302639
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sources included census and Uniform Crime Reports Supplemental Homicide Report data. Results. The growing diversity in the residential population of US cities contributed to the dramatic decline in homicide rates over time, but the effects differed by racial group. Exposure between Hispanics and Blacks and the growing presence of Hispanics led to a reduced Black homicide trend but had no impact on Whites, after adjustment for economic shifts and other important structural features in US cities. Conclusions. Our research highlights the importance of paying closer attention to exposure and integration between immigrants and existing racial groups. Failure to consider racial/ethnic contact and the racial nature of urban violence may produce misleading results in studies of associations between Hispanic immigration and crime.
Keywords: African American;  Bayes theorem;  Caucasian;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  Hispanic;  homicide;  human;  racism;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  urban population;  violence, African Americans;  Bayes Theorem;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Hispanic Americans;  Homicide;  Humans;  Racism;  United States;  Urban Population;  Violence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302639_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of racism on mental health among residents of Black neighborhoods in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kwate, N.O.A.
Author-Name: Goodman, M.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 711-718
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the impact of reported racism on the mental health of African Americans at cross-sectional time points and longitudinally, over the course of 1 year. Methods. The Black Linking Inequality, Feelings, and the Environment (LIFE) Study recruited Black residents (n = 144) from a probability sample of 2 predominantly Black New York City neighborhoods during December 2011 to June 2013. Respondents completed self-report surveys, including multiple measures of racism. We conducted assessments at baseline, 2-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Weighted multivariate linear regression models assessed changes in racism and health over time. Results. Cross-sectional results varied by time point and by outcome, with only some measures associated with distress, and effects were stronger for poor mental health days than for depression. Individuals who denied thinking about their race fared worst. Longitudinally, increasing frequencies of racism predicted worse mental health across all 3 outcomes. Conclusions. These results support theories of racism as a health-defeating stressor and are among the few that show temporal associations with health. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  age;  cross-sectional study;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  mental health;  middle aged;  New York;  psychology;  racism;  sex difference;  socioeconomics, Adult;  African Americans;  Age Factors;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Racism;  Residence Characteristics;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Minimum package of public health services: The adoption of core services in local public health agencies in Colorado
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lampe, S.
Author-Name: Atherly, A.
Author-Name: VanRaemdonck, L.
Author-Name: Matthews, K.
Author-Name: Marshall, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S252-S259
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302173
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302173
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the effect of a state law in Colorado that required local public health agencies to deliver a minimum package of public health services. Methods: We used a longitudinal, pre-post study design, with baseline data collected in 2011 and follow-up data collected in 2013. We conducted means testing to analyze the change in service delivery and activities. We conducted linear regression to test for system structure effects on the implementation of core services.. Results: We observed statistically significant increases in several service areas within communicable disease, prevention and population health promotion, and environmental health. In addition to service and program areas, specific activities had significant increases. The significant activity increases were all in population-and systems-based services.. Conclusions: This project provided insight into the likely effect of national adoption of a minimum package as recommended by the Institute of Medicine. The implementation of a minimum package showed significant changes in service delivery, with specific service delivery measurement over a short period of time. Our research sets up a research framework to further explore core service delivery measure development..
Keywords: chronic disease;  environment;  government;  health promotion;  human;  infection control;  legislation and jurisprudence;  longitudinal study;  public health service;  United States, Chronic Disease;  Colorado;  Communicable Disease Control;  Environment;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Local Government;  Longitudinal Studies;  Public Health Practice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302173_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: High mortality among non-HIV-infected people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand, 2005-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vanichseni, S.
Author-Name: Martin, M.
Author-Name: Suntharasamai, P.
Author-Name: Sangkum, U.
Author-Name: Mock, P.A.
Author-Name: Gvetadze, R.J.
Author-Name: Curlin, M.E.
Author-Name: Leethochawalit, M.
Author-Name: Chiamwongpaet, S.
Author-Name: Chaipung, B.
Author-Name: McNicholl, J.M.
Author-Name: Paxton, L.A.
Author-Name: Kittimunkong, S.
Author-Name: Choopanya, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1136-1141
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302473
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302473
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the causes of hospitalization and death of people who inject drugs participating in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial. Methods. The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted during 2005 to 2012 among 2413 people who inject drugs. We reviewed medical records to define the causes of hospitalization and death, examined participant characteristics and risk behaviors to determine predictors of death, and compared the participant mortality rate with the rate of the general population of Bangkok, Thailand. Results. Participants were followed an average of 4 years; 107 died: 22 (20.6%) from overdose, 13 (12.2%) from traffic accidents, and 12 (11.2%) from sepsis. In multivariable analysis, older age (40-59 years; P = .001), injecting drugs (P = .03), and injecting midazolam (P < .001) were associated with death. The standardized mortality ratio was 2.9. Conclusions. People who injected drugs were nearly 3 times as likely to die as were those in the general population of Bangkok and injecting midazolam was independently associated with death. Drug overdose and traffic accidents were the most common causes of death, and their prevention should be public health priorities. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adenine;  anti human immunodeficiency virus agent;  phosphonic acid derivative;  tenofovir, adult;  analogs and derivatives;  cause of death;  controlled study;  double blind procedure;  drug abuse;  drug overdose;  epidemiology;  female;  high risk behavior;  HIV Infections;  human;  Kaplan Meier method;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  pre-exposure prophylaxis;  questionnaire;  randomized controlled trial;  substance abuse;  Thailand;  traffic accident, Accidents, Traffic;  Adenine;  Adult;  Anti-HIV Agents;  Cause of Death;  Double-Blind Method;  Drug Overdose;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Kaplan-Meier Estimate;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Needle Sharing;  Organophosphonates;  Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis;  Questionnaires;  Risk-Taking;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  Thailand
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302473_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Spatial clustering of occupational injuries in communities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Forst, L.
Author-Name: Friedman, L.
Author-Name: Chin, B.
Author-Name: Madigan, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S526-S533
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302595
Abstract: Objectives. Using the social-ecological model, we hypothesized that the home residences of injured workers would be clustered predictably and geographically. Methods. We linked health care and publicly available datasets by home zip code for traumatically injured workers in Illinois from 2000 to 2009.We calculated numbers and rates of injuries, determined the spatial relationships, and developed 3 models. Results. Among the 23 200 occupational injuries, 80% of cases were located in 20% of zip codes and clustered in 10 locations. After component analysis, numbers and clusters of injuries correlated directly with immigrants; injury rates inversely correlated with urban poverty. Conclusions. Traumatic occupational injuries were clustered spatially by home location of the affected workers and in a predictable way. This put an inequitable burden on communities and provided evidence for the possible value of communitybased interventions for prevention of occupational injuries. Work should be included in health disparities research. Stakeholders should determine whether and how to intervene at the community level to prevent occupational injuries.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  cluster analysis;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  occupational accident;  register;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Accidents, Occupational;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Cluster Analysis;  Female;  Humans;  Illinois;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Registries;  Residence Characteristics;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302595_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of health insurance type on trends in newborn circumcision, United States, 2000 to 2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Warner, L.
Author-Name: Cox, S.
Author-Name: Whiteman, M.
Author-Name: Jamieson, D.J.
Author-Name: Macaluso, M.
Author-Name: Bansil, P.
Author-Name: Kuklina, E.
Author-Name: Kourtis, A.P.
Author-Name: Posner, S.
Author-Name: Barfield, W.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1943-1949
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302629
Abstract: Objectives. We explored how changes in insurance coverage contributed to recent nationwide decreases in newborn circumcision. Methods. Hospital discharge data from the 2000-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed to assess trends in circumcision incidence among male newborn birth hospitalizations covered by private insurance or Medicaid. We examined the impact of insurance coverage on circumcision incidence. Results. Overall, circumcision incidence decreased significantly from 61.3% in 2000 to 56.9% in 2010 in unadjusted analyses (P for trend = .008), but not in analyses adjusted for insurance status (P for trend = .46) and other predictors (P for trend = .55). Significant decreases were observed only in the South, where adjusted analyses revealed decreases in circumcision overall (P for trend = .007) and among hospitalizations with Medicaid (P for trend = .005) but not those with private insurance (P for trend = .13). Newborn male birth hospitalizations covered by Medicaid increased from 36.0% (2000) to 50.1% (2010; P for trend < .001), suggesting 390 000 additional circumcisions might have occurred nationwide had insurance coverage remained constant. Conclusions. Shifts in insurance coverage, particularly toward Medicaid, likely contributed to decreases in newborn circumcision nationwide and in the South. Barriers to the availability of circumcision should be revisited, particularly for families who desire but have less financial access to the procedure.
Keywords: circumcision;  health insurance;  hospital;  human;  incidence;  insurance;  male;  medicaid;  newborn;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Circumcision, Male;  Hospitals;  Humans;  Incidence;  Infant, Newborn;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Medicaid;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302629_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Indicated prevention of childhood anxiety and depression: Results from a practice-based study up to 12 months after intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kösters, M.P.
Author-Name: Chinapaw, M.J.M.
Author-Name: Zwaanswijk, M.
Author-Name: Van Der Wal, M.F.
Author-Name: Koot, H.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2005-2013
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302742
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302742
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated whether intervention effects of FRIENDS for Life, a school-based prevention program for children with anxiety or depression symptoms, were maintained over a period of 12 months after the intervention in a naturalistic setting. Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design, with 339 children in the intervention group and 157 in the control group (aged 8?13 years) in schools in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We collected self-, teacher, and peer reports of anxiety and depression scores before and after intervention, and 6 and 12 months after intervention, from 2010 to 2012. Results. Intervention-group children reported a continuing and significant decrease in anxiety and depression scores compared with the control group. Twelve months after the intervention, participants' anxiety and depression levels were comparable to those of the general population. Girls reported a stronger decrease in anxiety scores than did boys. Teacher reports suggested no effects. Although classmates reported increased internalizing problems in intervention-group children immediately after intervention, these effects disappeared over time. Conclusions. FRIENDS for Life, an indicated prevention program, yielded long-lasting and continuing reduction in anxiety and depression problems when implemented in daily school practice.
Keywords: adolescent;  Anxiety Disorders;  child;  clinical trial;  Depressive Disorder;  female;  human;  male;  multicenter study;  Netherlands;  organization and management;  psychological rating scale;  school health service;  treatment outcome, Adolescent;  Anxiety Disorders;  Child;  Depressive Disorder;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Netherlands;  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales;  School Health Services;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302742_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Local health department factors associated with performance in the successful implementation of community-based strategies: A mixed-methods approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gyllstrom, E.
Author-Name: Gearin, K.
Author-Name: Frauendienst, R.
Author-Name: Myhre, J.
Author-Name: Larson, M.
Author-Name: Riley, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S311-S317
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302419
Abstract: Objectives: We examined which local health department (LHD)-level factors contributed to successful implementation of policy, systems, and environmental change strategies in Minnesota. Methods: We used a retrospective mixed-methods design to evaluate the relationship between the Statewide Health Improvement Plan (SHIP) grant initiative and key predictor variables (2009-2011). We obtained quantitative capacity data for 91 cities and counties in Minnesota; in addition, we conducted 15 key informant interviews to examine factors that facilitated and acted as barriers to LHD performance. Results: Grantee performance was distributed as follows: exceeds expectations (29.7%), meets expectations (55.0%), and is approaching expectations (15.3%). Organizational quality improvement (QI) maturity was strongly positively associated with grantee performance on SHIP. Organizations with high QI maturity, effective leadership, efficient decision-making, and successful regional or cross-jurisdictional partnerships were more likely to be rated as exceeding expectations. Conclusions: This study successfully translated practice-based research findings into tangible outcomes, including new system-level performance measures for local public health and recommendations for shaping the statewide initiative examined in this study. The approach taken in this study to systematically monitor communications, dissemination, and translation may be a model for others.
Keywords: cooperation;  decision making;  government;  human;  leadership;  organization;  organization and management;  policy;  professional competence;  public health service;  public relations;  retrospective study;  standards;  total quality management;  United States, Cooperative Behavior;  Decision Making;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Leadership;  Local Government;  Minnesota;  Organizational Culture;  Policy;  Professional Competence;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Improvement;  Retrospective Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302419_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Searching for justice and health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tarantola, D.
Author-Name: Camargo, K.
Author-Name: Gruskin, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1511-1512
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302760
Keywords: health;  health care delivery;  human;  human rights;  social justice, Delivery of Health Care;  Global Health;  Health;  Human Rights;  Humans;  Social Justice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302760_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health outcomes of obtaining housing among older homeless adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, R.T.
Author-Name: Miao, Y.
Author-Name: Mitchell, S.L.
Author-Name: Bharel, M.
Author-Name: Patel, M.
Author-Name: Ard, K.L.
Author-Name: Grande, L.J.
Author-Name: Blazey-Martin, D.
Author-Name: Floru, D.
Author-Name: Steinman, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1482-1488
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302539
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302539
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the impact of obtaining housing on geriatric conditions and acute care utilization among older homeless adults. Methods. We conducted a 12-month prospective cohort study of 250 older homeless adults recruited from shelters in Boston, Massachusetts, between January and June 2010. We determined housing status at follow-up, determined number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations over 12 months, and examined 4 measures of geriatric conditions at baseline and 12 months. Using multivariable regression models, we evaluated the association between obtaining housing and our outcomes of interest. Results. At 12-month follow-up, 41% of participants had obtained housing. Compared with participants who remained homeless, thosewith housing had fewer depressive symptoms. Other measures of health status did not differ by housing status. Participantswho obtained housing had a lower rate of acute care use,with an adjusted annualized rate of acute care visits of 2.5 per year among participants who obtained housing and 5.3 per year among participants who remained homeless. Conclusions. Older homeless adults who obtained housing experienced improved depressive symptoms and reduced acute care utilization compared with those who remained homeless.
Keywords: aged;  depression;  emergency health service;  female;  health status;  homelessness;  hospitalization;  housing;  human;  male;  middle aged;  psychology;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  utilization, Aged;  Boston;  Depression;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Female;  Health Status;  Homeless Persons;  Hospitalization;  Housing;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302539_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve the health of persons during imprisonment and in the year after release
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kouyoumdjian, F.G.
Author-Name: McIsaac, K.E.
Author-Name: Liauw, J.
Author-Name: Green, S.
Author-Name: Karachiwalla, F.
Author-Name: Siu, W.
Author-Name: Burkholder, K.
Author-Name: Binswanger, I.
Author-Name: Kiefer, L.
Author-Name: Kinner, S.A.
Author-Name: Korchinski, M.
Author-Name: Matheson
Author-Name: Young, P.
Author-Name: Hwang, S.W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e13-e33
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302498
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302498
Abstract: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve the health of people during imprisonment or in the year after release. We searched 14 biomedical and social science databases in 2014, and identified 95 studies. Most studies involved only men or a majority of men (70/83 studies in which gender was specified); only 16 studies focused on adolescents. Most studies were conducted in the United States (n = 57). The risk of bias for outcomes in almost all studies was unclear or high (n=91). In 59 studies, interventions led to improved mental health, substance use, infectious diseases, or health service utilization outcomes; in 42 of these studies, outcomes were measured in the community after release. Improving the health of people who experience imprisonment requires knowledge generation and knowledge translation, including implementation of effective interventions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Communicable Diseases;  health promotion;  health service;  health status;  human;  Mental Disorders;  mental health;  organization and management;  prisoner;  public health;  randomized controlled trial (topic);  Substance-Related Disorders;  utilization, Communicable Diseases;  Health Promotion;  Health Services;  Health Status;  Humans;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health;  Prisoners;  Public Health;  Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;  Substance-Related Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302498_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving identification of fall-related injuries in ambulatory care using statistical text mining
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Luther, S.L.
Author-Name: McCart, J.A.
Author-Name: Berndt, D.J.
Author-Name: Hahm, B.
Author-Name: Finch, D.
Author-Name: Jarman, J.
Author-Name: Foulis, P.R.
Author-Name: Lapcevic, W.A.
Author-Name: Campbell, R.R.
Author-Name: Shorr, R.I.
Author-Name: Valencia, K.M.
Author-Name: Powell-Cope, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1168-1173
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302440
Abstract: Objectives. We determined whether statistical text mining (STM) can identify fall-related injuries in electronic health record (EHR) documents and the impact on STM models of training on documents from a single or multiple facilities. Methods. We obtained fiscal year 2007 records for Veterans Health Administration (VHA) ambulatory care clinics in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, resulting in a total of 26 010 documents for 1652 veterans treated for fall-related injury and 1341 matched controls. We used the results of an STM model to predict fall-related injuries at the visit and patient levels and compared them with a reference standard based on chart review. Results. STM models based on training data from a single facility resulted in accuracy of 87.5% and 87.1%, F-measure of 87.0% and 90.9%, sensitivity of 92.1% and 94.1%, and specificity of 83.6% and 77.8% at the visit and patient levels, respectively. Results from training data from multiple facilities were almost identical. Conclusions. STM has the potential to improve identification of fall-related injuries in the VHA, providing a model for wider application in the evolving national EHR system. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  ambulatory care;  data mining;  electronic medical record;  epidemiology;  falling;  government;  hospital information system;  human;  male;  middle aged;  Puerto Rico;  sensitivity and specificity;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  very elderly, Accidental Falls;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Ambulatory Care;  Ambulatory Care Information Systems;  Data Mining;  Electronic Health Records;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Models, Statistical;  Puerto Rico;  Sensitivity and Specificity;  United States;  United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302440_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association of socioeconomic position with sensory impairment among US working-aged adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chou, C.-F.
Author-Name: Beckles, G.L.A.
Author-Name: Zhang, X.
Author-Name: Saaddine, J.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1262-1268
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302475
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302475
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairment. Methods. We used data from the 2007 to 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 69 845 adults). Multivariable logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) for associations of educational attainment, occupational class, and poverty-income ratio with impaired vision or hearing. Results. Nearly 20% of respondents reported sensory impairment. Each SEP indicator was negatively associated with sensory impairment. Adjusted odds of vision impairment were significantly higher for farm workers (OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.02), people with some college (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.44) or less than a high school diploma (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.55), and people from poor (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.52), low-income (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.43), or middle-income (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.31) families than for the highest-SEP group. Odds of hearing impairment were significantly higher for people with some college or less education than for those with a college degree or more; for service groups, farmers, and blue-collar workers than for white-collar workers; and for people in poor families. Conclusions. More research is needed to understand the SEP-sensory impairment association. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  demography;  female;  Hearing Disorders;  human;  male;  middle aged;  occupation;  risk factor;  social class;  United States;  Vision Disorders, Adult;  Demography;  Female;  Hearing Disorders;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Occupations;  Risk Factors;  Social Class;  United States;  Vision Disorders
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302475_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: National and state treatment need and capacity for opioid agonist medication-assisted treatment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, C.M.
Author-Name: Campopiano, M.
Author-Name: Baldwin, G.
Author-Name: McCance-Katz, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e55-e63
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302664
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302664
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated national and state trends in opioid agonist medication-assisted treatment (OA-MAT) need and capacity to identify gaps and inform policy decisions. Methods. We generated national and state rates of past-year opioid abuse or dependence, maximum potential buprenorphine treatment capacity, number of patients receiving methadone from opioid treatment programs (OTPs), and the percentage of OTPs operating at 80% capacity or more using Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration data. Results. Nationally, in 2012, the rate of opioid abuse or dependence was 891.8 per 100 000 people aged 12 years or older compared with national rates of maximum potential buprenorphine treatment capacity and patients receiving methadone in OTPs of, respectively, 420.3 and 119.9. Among states and the District of Columbia, 96% had opioid abuse or dependence rates higher than their buprenorphine treatment capacity rates; 37% had a gap of at least 5 per 1000 people. Thirty-eight states (77.6%) reported at least 75% of their OTPs were operating at 80% capacity or more. Conclusions. Significant gaps between treatment need and capacity exist at the state and national levels. Strategies to increase the number of OA-MAT providers are needed. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: buprenorphine;  methadone;  narcotic analgesic agent, capacity building;  health service;  health survey;  human;  opiate substitution treatment;  Opioid-Related Disorders;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Analgesics, Opioid;  Buprenorphine;  Capacity Building;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Methadone;  Opiate Substitution Treatment;  Opioid-Related Disorders;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302664_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Considerations for incorporating "well-being" in public policy for workers and workplaces
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schulte, P.A.
Author-Name: Guerin, R.J.
Author-Name: Schill, A.L.
Author-Name: Bhattacharya, A.
Author-Name: Cunningham, T.R.
Author-Name: Pandalai, S.P.
Author-Name: Eggerth, D.
Author-Name: Stephenson, C.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e31-e44
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302616
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302616
Abstract: Action to address workforce functioning and productivity requires a broader approach than the traditional scope of occupational safety and health. Focus on "well-being" may be one way to develop a more encompassing objective. Well-being is widely cited in public policy pronouncements, but often as ". . . and well-being" (e.g., health and well-being). It is generally not defined in policy and rarely operationalized for functional use. Many definitions of well-being exist in the occupational realm. Generally, it is a synonym for health and a summative term to describe a flourishing worker who benefits from a safe, supportive workplace, engages in satisfying work, and enjoys a fulfilling work life. We identified issues for considering well-being in public policy related to workers and the workplace. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: employment;  human;  occupational health;  psychology;  public policy;  standards;  workplace, Employment;  Humans;  Occupational Health;  Public Policy;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302616_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of depression on risky drinking and response to a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Montag, A.C.
Author-Name: Brodine, S.K.
Author-Name: Alcaraz, J.E.
Author-Name: Clapp, J.D.
Author-Name: Allison, M.A.
Author-Name: Calac, D.J.
Author-Name: Hull, A.D.
Author-Name: Gorman, J.R.
Author-Name: Jones, K.L.
Author-Name: Chambers, C.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1572-1576
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302688
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302688
Abstract: We assessed alcohol consumption and depression in 234 American Indian/Alaska Native women (aged 18-45 years) in Southern California. Women were randomized to intervention or assessment alone and followed for 6 months (2011-2013). Depression was associated with risk factors for alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Both treatment groups reduced drinking (P < .001). Depressed, but not non-depressed, women reduced drinking in response to SBIRT above the reduction in response to assessment alone. Screening for depression may assist in allocating women to specific AEP prevention interventions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  American Indian;  California;  complication;  controlled study;  depression;  drinking behavior;  female;  human;  middle aged;  pregnancy;  Pregnancy Complications;  prevention and control;  procedures;  psychology;  randomized controlled trial;  risk factor;  short term psychotherapy;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Alcohol Drinking;  California;  Depression;  Female;  Humans;  Indians, South American;  Middle Aged;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Complications;  Psychotherapy, Brief;  Risk Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302688_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The relationship between financial distress and life-course socioeconomic inequalities in well-being: Cross-national analysis of European welfare states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Niedzwiedz, C.L.
Author-Name: Pell, J.P.
Author-Name: Mitchell, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2090-2098
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302722
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302722
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated to what extent current financial distress explains the relationship between life-course socioeconomic position and well-being in Southern, Scandinavian, Postcommunist, and Bismarckian welfare regimes. Methods. We analyzed individuals (n = 18 324) aged 50 to 75 years in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, 2006?2009. Well-being was measured with CASP-12 (which stands for control, autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure) and life satisfaction. We generated a life-course socioeconomic index from 8 variables and calculated multilevel regression models (containing individuals nested within 13 countries), as well as stratified single-level models by welfare regime. Results. Life-course socioeconomic advantage was related to higher wellbeing; the difference in life satisfaction between the most and least advantaged was 2.09 (95% confidence interval = 1.87, 2.31) among women and 1.65 (95% confidence interval = 1.43, 1.87) among men. The weakest associations were found among Scandinavian countries. Financial distress was associated with lower well-being and attenuated the relationship between life-course socioeconomic position and well-being in all regimes (ranging from 34.26% in Postcommunist to 72.22% in Scandinavian countries). Conclusions. We found narrower inequalities in well-being in the Scandinavian regime. Reducing financial distress may help improve well-being and reduce inequalities.
Keywords: aged;  cultural factor;  Europe;  female;  health disparity;  health survey;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  satisfaction;  social class;  social welfare, Aged;  Cross-Cultural Comparison;  Europe;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Personal Satisfaction;  Social Class;  Social Welfare
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302722_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing family health through the Garden of Eatin': On-site food gardens in early childhood education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chaufan, C.
Author-Name: Yeh, J.
Author-Name: Sigal, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 625-628
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302422
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302422
Abstract: Nutritional practices develop over the life course. Developing healthy habits at an early age can contribute to combating increasing child obesity rates. Through a range of activities that rely on the presence of an on-site food garden, North Bay Children's Center (NBCC), an early childhood education program, has enacted a "culture of health" into all aspects of the curriculum to promote healthy eating practices among children, families, teachers and staff. NBCC's garden program serves as a model in early childhood education and as a community-based intervention to improve family health and prevent child obesity. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  attitude to health;  diet;  family health;  female;  gardening;  health promotion;  human;  male;  middle aged;  organization and management;  Pediatric Obesity;  socioeconomics, Adult;  Diet;  Family Health;  Female;  Gardening;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Pediatric Obesity;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302422_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preparing future faculty and professionals for public health careers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Koblinsky, S.A.
Author-Name: Hrapczynski, K.M.
Author-Name: Clark, J.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S125-S131
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302509
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302509
Abstract: Recent years have brought rapid growth in schools of public health and an increasingdemandforpublichealth practitioners. These trends highlight the need for innovative approaches to prepare doctoral graduates for academic and high-level practice positions. The University of Maryland's School of Public Health developed a "Preparing Future Faculty and Professionals" program to enrich the graduate education and professional development of its doctoral students. We describe the program's key elements, including foundational seminars to enhance students' knowledge and skills related to teaching, research, and service; activities designed to foster career exploration and increase competitiveness in the job market; and independent, faculty-mentored teaching and research experiences. We present a model for replicating the program and share student outcomes of participation.
Keywords: academic achievement;  decision making;  forecasting;  human;  medical education;  organization and management;  program evaluation;  research;  school;  teacher;  teaching;  trends;  United States;  university, Career Choice;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Forecasting;  Humans;  Maryland;  Mentors;  Program Evaluation;  Research;  Schools, Public Health;  Teaching
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302509_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preventing infectious pulmonary tuberculosis among foreign-born residents of the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Davidow, A.L.
Author-Name: Katz, D.
Author-Name: Ghosh, S.
Author-Name: Blumberg, H.
Author-Name: Tamhane, A.
Author-Name: Sevilla, A.
Author-Name: Reves, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e81-e88
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302662
Abstract: Objectives. We described risk factors associated with infectious tuberculosis (TB) and missed TB-prevention opportunities in foreign-born US residents, who account for almost two thirds of the nation's TB patients. Methods. In a cross-sectional study at 20 US sites of foreign-born persons diagnosed with TB in 2005 through 2006, we collected results of sputum smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (a marker for infectiousness) and data on visa status, sociodemographics, TB-related care seeking, and latent TB infection (LTBI) diagnosis opportunities. Results. Among 980 persons with pulmonary TB who reported their visa status, 601 (61%) were legal permanent residents, 131 (13.4%) had temporary visas, and 248 (25.3%) were undocumented. Undocumented persons were more likely than permanent residents to have acid-fast bacilli-positive smears at diagnosis (risk ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 1.4). Of those diagnosed 1 year or more after arrival, 57.3% reported LTBI screening opportunities; fewer than 25% actually were. Undocumented persons reported fewer LTBI screening opportunities and were less likely to be tested. Conclusions. Progress toward TB elimination in the United States depends upon expanding opportunities for regular medical care and promotion of LTBI screening and treatment among foreign-born persons.
Keywords: adult;  age distribution;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  latent tuberculosis;  male;  mass screening;  microbiology;  middle aged;  migrant;  procedures;  risk factor;  sex ratio;  socioeconomics;  sputum;  statistics and numerical data;  time;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Adult;  Age Distribution;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Humans;  Latent Tuberculosis;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Sex Distribution;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Sputum;  Time Factors;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302662_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Educating future public health leaders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Koh, H.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S11-S13
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302385
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302385
Keywords: economics;  forecasting;  human;  leadership;  mass medium;  medical education;  policy;  public health;  trends, Education, Public Health Professional;  Forecasting;  Humans;  Leadership;  Mass Media;  Public Health;  Public Policy
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302385_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for older adults with substance misuse
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schonfeld, L.
Author-Name: Hazlett, R.W.
Author-Name: Hedgecock, D.K.
Author-Name: Duchene, D.M.
Author-Name: Burns, L.V.
Author-Name: Gum, A.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 205-211
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301859
Abstract: Objectives: We compared substance use and SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) services received for older adults screened by the Florida BRITE (BRief Intervention and Treatment of Elders) Project, across 4 categories of service providers. Methods: Staff from 29 agencies screened for substance use risk in 75 sites across 18 Florida counties. Clients at no or low risk received feedback about screening; moderate risk led to brief intervention, moderate or high risk led to brief treatment, and highest severity led to referral to treatment. Six-month follow-ups were conducted with a random sample of clients. Results: Over 5 years (September 15, 2006-September 14, 2011), 85 001 client screenings were recorded. Of these, 8165 clients were at moderate or high risk. Most received brief intervention for alcohol or medication misuse. Differences were observed across 4 categories of agencies. Health educators screening solely within medical sites recorded fewer positive screens than those from mental health, substance abuse, or aging services that screened in a variety of community-based and health care sites. Six-month follow-ups revealed a significant decrease in substance use. Conclusions: The Florida BRITE Project demonstrated that SBIRT can be extended to nonmedical services that serve older adults.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301859_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "When you're in a crisis like that, you don't want people to know": Mortgage strain, stigma, and mental health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Keene, D.E.
Author-Name: Cowan, S.K.
Author-Name: Baker, A.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1008-1012
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302400
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302400
Abstract: Objectives: We analyzed experiences of stigmatization, concealment, and isolation among African American homeowners who were experiencing mortgage strain. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews between March 2012 and May 2013 with 28 African American homeowners in a northeastern US city who were experiencing mortgage strain. We coded all of the transcripts and reviewed data for codes relating to stigma, sharing information, social support, social isolation, and the meaning of homeownership. Results: Our data showed that mortgage strain can be a concealable stigma. Participants internalized this stigma, expressing shame about their mortgage situation. Additionally, some participants anticipated that others would view them as less worthy given their mortgage trouble. In an effort to avoid stigmatization, many concealed their mortgage trouble, which often led to isolation. This stigmatization, concealment, and isolation seemed to contribute to participants' depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. Conclusions: Stigma may exacerbate stress associated with mortgage strain and contribute to poor mental health, particularly among upwardly mobile African Americans who have overcome significant structural barriers to home ownership. Reducing stigma associated with mortgage strain may help to reduce the health consequences of this stressful life event.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  economics;  etiology;  female;  housing;  human;  male;  mental health;  mental stress;  middle aged;  psychology;  social isolation;  social stigma;  United States;  urban population, Adult;  African Americans;  Female;  Housing;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Social Isolation;  Social Stigma;  Stress, Psychological;  United States;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302400_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Early-life state-of-residence characteristics and later life hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rehkopf, D.H.
Author-Name: Eisen, E.A.
Author-Name: Modrek, S.
Author-Name: Horner, E.M.
Author-Name: Goldstein, B.
Author-Name: Costello, S.
Author-Name: Cantley, L.F.
Author-Name: Slade, M.D.
Author-Name: Cullen, M.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1689-1695
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547
Abstract: Objectives. We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual chronic disease later in life. Methods. We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305 936 person-years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled associations using pooled logistic regression with inverse probability of censoring weights. Results. We found small but statistically significant associations between early-state-of-residence characteristics and later life hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease. The most consistent associations were with income inequality, percentage non-White, and education. These associations were similar after statistically controlling for individual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and current state characteristics. Conclusions. Characteristics of the state in which an individual lives early in life are associated with prevalence of chronic disease later in life, with a strength of association equivalent to genetic associations found for these same health outcomes. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: ancestry group;  diabetes mellitus;  educational status;  female;  human;  hypertension;  income;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  Myocardial Ischemia;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Educational Status;  Female;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Income;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Myocardial Ischemia;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of an alternative dental workforce model on the oral health of low-income children in a school-based setting
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simmer-Beck, M.
Author-Name: Walker, M.
Author-Name: Gadbury-Amyot, C.
Author-Name: Liu, Y.
Author-Name: Kelly, P.
Author-Name: Branson, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1763-1769
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302714
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the effect of an alternative dental workforce program- Kansas's Extended Care Permit (ECP) program-as a function of changes in oral health. Methods. We examined data from the 2008 to 2012 electronic medical records of children (n = 295) in a Midwestern US suburb who participated in a schoolbased oral health program in which preventive oral health care was delivered by ECP dental hygienists. We examined changes in oral health status as a function of sealants, caries, restorations, and treatment urgency with descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlations. Results. The number of encounters with the ECP dental hygienist had a statistically significant effect on changes in decay (P = .014), restorations (P = .002), and treatment urgency (P = .038). Based on Pearson correlations, as encounters increased, there was a significant decrease in decay (-0.12), increase in restorations (0.21), and decrease in treatment urgency (-0.15). Conclusions. Increasing numbers of encounters with alternative providers (ECP dental hygienists), such as with school-based oral health programs, can improve the oral health status of low-income children who would not otherwise have received oral health services.
Keywords: child;  dental assistant;  dental procedure;  electronic medical record;  female;  health;  human;  male;  nonbiological model;  organization and management;  poverty;  preventive dentistry;  school dentistry;  United States, Child;  Dental Care for Children;  Dental Hygienists;  Electronic Health Records;  Female;  Humans;  Kansas;  Male;  Models, Organizational;  Oral Health;  Poverty;  Preventive Dentistry;  School Dentistry
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302714_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implications of repealing the Cuban embargo for US medicine and public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Drain, P.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2210-2211
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302894
Keywords: Cuba;  health services research;  human;  medical research;  organization and management;  politics;  public health service;  public policy;  public relations;  United States;  university, Biomedical Research;  Cuba;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Politics;  Public Health Practice;  Public Policy;  United States;  Universities
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302894_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Linton, S.L.
Author-Name: Cooper, H.L.F.
Author-Name: Kelley, M.E.
Author-Name: Karnes, C.C.
Author-Name: Ross, Z.
Author-Name: Wolfe, M.E.
Author-Name: Jarlais, D.D.
Author-Name: Semaan, S.
Author-Name: Tempalski, B.
Author-Name: DiNenno, E.
Author-Name: Finlayson, T.
Author-Name: Sionean, C.
Author-Name: Wejnert, C.
Author-Name: Paz-Bailey, G.
Author-Name: Taussig, J.
Author-Name: Johnson, S.
Author-Name: Todd, J.
Author-Name: Flynn, C.
Author-Name: German, D.
Author-Name: Isenberg, D.
Author-Name: Driscoll, M.
Author-Name: Hurwitz, E.
Author-Name: Prachand, N.
Author-Name: Benbow, N.
Author-Name: Melville, S.
Author-Name: Yeager, R.
Author-Name: Dyer, J.
Author-Name: Novoa, A.
Author-Name: Thrun, M.
Author-Name: Al-Tayyib, A.
Author-Name: Higgins, E.
Author-Name: Mokotoff, E.
Author-Name: Griffin, V.
Author-Name: Sayegh, A.
Author-Name: Risser, J.
Author-Name: Rehman, H.
Author-Name: Bingham, T.
Author-Name: Sey, E.K.
Author-Name: Metsch, L.
Author-Name: Forrest, D.
Author-Name: Beck, D.
Author-Name: Cardenas, G.
Author-Name: Nemeth, C.
Author-Name: Smith, L.
Author-Name: Watson, C.-A.
Author-Name: Robinson, W.T.
Author-Name: Gruber, D.
Author-Name: Barak, N.
Author-Name: Neaigus, A.
Author-Name: Jenness, S.
Author-Name: Wendel, T.
Author-Name: Gelpi-Acosta, C.
Author-Name: Hagan, H.
Author-Name: Godette, H.
Author-Name: Bolden, B.
Author-Name: D'Errico, S.
Author-Name: Brady, K.A.
Author-Name: Kirkland, A.
Author-Name: Shpaner, M.
Author-Name: Miguelino-Keasling, V.
Author-Name: Velasco, A.
Author-Name: Raymond, H.F.
Author-Name: De León, S.M.
Author-Name: Rolón-Colón, Y.
Author-Name: Courogen, M.
Author-Name: Thiede, H.
Author-Name: Burt, R.
Author-Name: Herbert, M.
Author-Name: Friedberg, Y.
Author-Name: Wrigley, D.
Author-Name: Fisher, J.
Author-Name: Sansone, M.
Author-Name: West-Ojo, T.
Author-Name: Magnus, M.
Author-Name: Kuo, I.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2457-2465
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861
Abstract: Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection.Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.
Keywords: adult;  ancestry group;  Black person;  Caucasian;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  health survey;  Hispanic;  HIV Infections;  human;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  United States, Adult;  African Continental Ancestry Group;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Hispanic Americans;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Population Surveillance;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A hierarchy of unhealthy food promotion effects: Identifying methodological approaches and knowledge gaps
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kelly, B.
Author-Name: King, L.
Author-Name: Chapman, K.
Author-Name: Boyland, E.
Author-Name: Bauman, A.E.
Author-Name: Baur, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e86-e95
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302476
Abstract: We assessed the evidence for a conceptual "hierarchy of effects" of marketing, to guide understanding of the relationship between children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing and poor diets and overweight, and drive the research agenda. We reviewed studies assessing the impact of food promotions on children from MEDLINE, Web of Science, ABI Inform, World Health Organization library database, and The Gray Literature Report. We included articles published in English from 2009 to 2013, with earlier articles from a 2009 systematic review. We grouped articles by outcome of exposure and assessed outcomes within a framework depicting a hierarchy of effects of marketing exposures. Evidence supports a logical sequence of effects linking food promotions to individual-level weight outcomes. Future studies should demonstrate the sustained effects of marketing exposure, and exploit variations in exposures to assess differences in outcomes longitudinally. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: attitude;  awareness;  child;  food industry;  food preference;  human;  marketing;  organization and management;  weight gain, Attitude;  Awareness;  Child;  Food Industry;  Food Preferences;  Humans;  Marketing;  Weight Gain
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302476_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Step on it! Impact of a workplace New York City taxi driver health intervention to increase necessary health care access
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gany, F.
Author-Name: Bari, S.
Author-Name: Gill, P.
Author-Name: Loeb, R.
Author-Name: Leng, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 786-792
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302122
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302122
Abstract: Objectives. We describe the impact of the Step On It! intervention to link taxi drivers, particularly South Asians, to health insurance enrollment and navigate them into care when necessary. Methods. Step On It! was a worksite initiative held for 5 consecutive days from September 28 to October 2, 2011, at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. Data collected included sociodemographics, employment, health care access and use, height, weight, blood pressure, and random plasma glucose. Participants were given their results, counseled by a medical professional, and invited to participate in free workshops provided by partner organizations. Results. Of the 466 drivers participated, 52% were uninsured, and 49% did not have a primary care provider. Of 384 drivers who had blood pressure, glucose, or both measured, 242 (63%) required urgent or regular follow-up. Of the 77 (32%) requiring urgent follow-up, 50 (65%) sought medical care at least once, of whom 13 (26%) received a new diagnosis. Of the 165 (68%) requiring regular follow-up, 68 (41%) sought medical care at least once, of whom 5 (7%) received a new diagnosis. Conclusions. This study provides encouraging results about the potential impact of an easy-to-deliver, easily scalable workplace intervention with a large, vulnerable population. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: glucose blood level, adult;  blood pressure;  glucose blood level;  health care delivery;  health education;  human;  morphometrics;  New York;  occupational health;  procedures;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  workplace, Adult;  Blood Glucose;  Blood Pressure;  Body Weights and Measures;  Health Education;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  New York City;  Occupational Health;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302122_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Framing indoor tanning warning messages to reduce skin cancer risks among young women: Implications for research and policy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mays, D.
Author-Name: Tercyak, K.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e70-e76
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302665
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302665
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the impact of indoor tanning device warnings that communicate the risks associated with indoor tanning (i.e., loss framed) or the benefits of avoiding indoor tanning (i.e., gain framed). Methods. A convenience sample of non-Hispanic White women aged 18 to 30 years who tanned indoors at least once in the past year (n = 682) participated in a within-subjects experiment. Participants completed baseline measures and reported indoor tanning intentions and intentions to quit indoor tanning in response to 5 warning messages in random order. A text-only control warning was based on Food and Drug Administration-required warnings for indoor tanning devices. Experimental warnings included graphic content and were either gain or loss framed. Results. In multivariable analyses, gain-framed warnings did not differ from the control warning on women's intentions to tan indoors, but they prompted stronger intentions to quit than the control message. Loss-framed warnings significantly reduced intentions to tan indoors and increased intentions to quit indoor tanning compared with control and gain-framed warnings. Conclusions. The public health impact of indoor tanning device warnings can be enhanced by incorporating graphic content and leveraging gain- and loss-framed messaging. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  attitude to health;  behavior;  controlled study;  female;  health care policy;  health promotion;  human;  procedures;  psychology;  randomized controlled trial;  risk factor;  Skin Neoplasms;  sunbathing;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Policy;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Intention;  Risk Factors;  Skin Neoplasms;  Sunbathing;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302665_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How automation can help alleviate the budget crunch in public health research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Muennig, P.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e19-e22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302782
Abstract: In an era of severe funding constraints for public health research, more efficient means of conducting research will be needed if scientific progress is to continue. At present major funders, such as the National Institutes of Health, do not provide specific instructions to grant authors or to reviewers regarding the cost efficiency of the research that they conduct. Doing so could potentially allow more research to be funded within current budgetary constraints andreduce waste. I describe how a blinded randomized trial was conducted for $275000 by completely automating the consent and data collection processes. The study used the participants' own computer equipment, relied on big data for outcomes, and outsourced some costly tasks, potentially saving $1 million in research costs.
Keywords: automation;  budget;  controlled study;  economics;  financial management;  human;  information processing;  methodology;  national health organization;  organization and management;  procedures;  public health service;  randomized controlled trial;  research;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Automation;  Budgets;  Data Collection;  Efficiency, Organizational;  Humans;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Public Health Administration;  Research;  Research Design;  Research Support as Topic;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302782_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Access to dental services for people using a wheelchair
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rashid-Kandvani, F.
Author-Name: Nicolau, B.
Author-Name: Bedos, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2312-2317
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302686
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302686
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the perspectives of people using a wheelchair and their difficulties in accessing dental services. Methods. Our participatory research was on the basis of a partnership between people using a wheelchair, dental professionals, and academic researchers. Partners were involved in a committee that provided advice at all stages of the project. Our team adopted a qualitative descriptive design. Between October 2011 and October 2012 we conducted semistructured individual interviews with 13 adults who lived in Montreal, Québec, Canada, and used a wheelchair full time. We audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim interviews, and we interpreted data using an inductive thematic analysis. Results. Oral health is of heightened importance to this group of people, who tend to use their mouth as a "third hand." We identified successive challenges in accessing dental services: finding a dentist and being accepted, organizing transportation, entering the building and circulating inside, interacting with the dental staff, transferring and overcoming discomfort on the dental chair, and paying for the treatments. Conclusions. Governments, dental professional bodies, dental schools, and researchers should work with groups representing wheelchair users to improve access to dental services.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Canada;  construction work and architectural phenomena;  dental procedure;  female;  health;  health care delivery;  human;  male;  middle aged;  organization and management;  procedures;  qualitative research;  traffic and transport;  wheelchair;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Architectural Accessibility;  Dental Care;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Oral Health;  Qualitative Research;  Quebec;  Transportation;  Wheelchairs;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302686_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Martens et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martens, P.J.
Author-Name: Chateau, D.G.
Author-Name: Burland, E.M.J.
Author-Name: Finlayson, G.S.
Author-Name: Smith, M.J.
Author-Name: Taylor, C.R.
Author-Name: Brownell, M.D.
Author-Name: Nickel, N.C.
Author-Name: Katz, A.
Author-Name: Bolton, J.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302460
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302460
Keywords: demography;  educational status;  female;  health status;  housing;  human;  male, Educational Status;  Female;  Health Status;  Humans;  Male;  Public Housing;  Residence Characteristics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302460_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: When advocacy obscures accuracy online: Digital pandemics of public health misinformation through an antifluoride case study (American Journal of Public Health (2015) 105:3 (517-523))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Seymour, B.
Author-Name: Getman, R.
Author-Name: Saraf, A.
Author-Name: Zhang, L.H.
Author-Name: Kalenderian, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437e_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Acharya et Al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Acharya, A.
Author-Name: Varkey, L.C.
Author-Name: Menezes, L.
Author-Name: Knoll-Rajaratnam, J.
Author-Name: Lalwani, T.
Author-Name: Ruducha, J.
Author-Name: Dutta, R.
Author-Name: Bernson, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302725
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302725_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Davidow responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Davidow, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302917
Keywords: female;  human;  latent tuberculosis;  male;  mass screening;  migrant;  procedures;  statistics and numerical data;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Humans;  Latent Tuberculosis;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302917_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health agenda setting in a global context: The international labor organization's decent work agenda
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Di Ruggiero, E.
Author-Name: Cohen, J.E.
Author-Name: Cole, D.C.
Author-Name: Forman, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e58-e61
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302455
Keywords: human rights;  management;  organization and management;  politics;  public health;  qualitative research;  social justice;  standards;  trade union;  work, Human Rights;  Labor Unions;  Policy Making;  Politics;  Public Health;  Qualitative Research;  Social Justice;  Work
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302455_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Environmental influences on HIV medication adherence: The role of neighborhood disorder
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Surratt, H.L.
Author-Name: Kurtz, S.P.
Author-Name: Levi-Minzi, M.A.
Author-Name: Chen, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1660-1666
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302612
Abstract: Objectives. We hypothesized that highly disordered neighborhoods would expose residents to environmental pressures, leading to reduced antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence. Methods. Using targeted sampling, we enrolled 503 socioeconomically disadvantaged HIV-positive substance users in urban South Florida between 2010 and 2012. Participants completed a 1-time standardized interview that took approximately 1 hour. We tested a multiple mediation model to examine the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood disorder on diversion-related nonadherence to ARVs; risky social networks and housing instability were examined as mediators of the disordered neighborhood environment. Results. The total indirect effect in the model was statistically significant (P = .001), and the proportion of the total effect mediated was 53%. The model indicated substantial influence of neighborhood disorder on nonadherence to ARVs, operating through recent homelessness and diverter network size. Conclusions. Long-term improvements in diversion-related ARV adherence will require initiatives to reduce demand for illicit ARV medications, as well as measures to reduce patient vulnerability to diversion, including increased resources for accessible housing, intensive treatment, and support services. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, demography;  epidemiology;  female;  Florida;  HIV Infections;  human;  interview;  male;  medication compliance;  middle aged;  psychology;  social environment;  statistics and numerical data;  theoretical model, Anti-HIV Agents;  Female;  Florida;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Middle Aged;  Models, Theoretical;  Residence Characteristics;  Social Environment
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302612_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of a rewards-based incentive program on promoting fruit and vegetable purchases
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Phipps, E.J.
Author-Name: Braitman, L.E.
Author-Name: Stites, S.D.
Author-Name: Singletary, S.B.
Author-Name: Wallace, S.L.
Author-Name: Hunt, L.
Author-Name: Axelrod, S.
Author-Name: Glanz, K.
Author-Name: Uplinger, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 166-172
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301752
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the impact of a rewards-based incentive program on fruit and vegetable purchases by low-income families. Methods: We conducted a 4-phase prospective cohort study with randomized intervention and wait-listed control groups in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in December 2010 through October 2011. The intervention provided a rebate of 50% of the dollar amount spent on fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables, reduced to 25% during a tapering phase, then eliminated. Primary outcome measures were number of servings of fruit and of vegetables purchased per week. Results: Households assigned to the intervention purchased an average of 8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 16.9) more servings of vegetables and 2.5 (95% CI = 0.3, 9.5) more servings of fruit per week than did control households. In longitudinal price-adjusted analyses, when the incentive was reduced and then discontinued, the amounts purchased were similar to baseline. Conclusions: Investigation of the financial costs and potential benefits of incentive programs to supermarkets, government agencies, and other stakeholders is needed to identify sustainable interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301752_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in tuberculosis burden among South Asians living in New York City, 2001-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stennis, N.
Author-Name: Trieu, L.
Author-Name: Perri, B.
Author-Name: Anderson, J.
Author-Name: Mushtaq, M.
Author-Name: Ahuja, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 922-929
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302056
Abstract: Objectives: We have described the characteristics of South Asian-born tuberculosis (TB) patients living in New York City (NYC) and compared them with other foreign-born patients to explore possible explanations for the disproportionate burden of TB in the South Asian population. Methods: We used data on demographic and clinical characteristics for TB patients identified by the NYC Bureau of Tuberculosis Control from 2001 to 2010 to compare South Asian patients with other Asian and other foreign-born patients. We reviewed genotyping and cluster investigation data for South Asian patients to assess the extent of genotype clustering and the possibility of local transmission in this population. Results: The observed disparity in TB rates and burden among South Asians was not explained by social or clinical characteristics. A large amount of TB strain diversity was observed among South Asians, and they were less likely than other foreign-born patients to be infected with the same TB strain as another NYC patient. Conclusions: The majority of South Asians were likely infected with TB abroad. South Asians represent a meaningful foreign-born subpopulation for targeted detection and treatment of TB infection in NYC.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Asian continental ancestry group;  child;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  genotype;  human;  infant;  male;  middle aged;  migration;  preschool child;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  tuberculosis;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Asian Continental Ancestry Group;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Emigration and Immigration;  Female;  Genotype;  Humans;  Infant;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Tuberculosis;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302056_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Moving beyond biomedicalization in the HIV response: Implications for community involvement and community leadership among men who have sex with men and transgender people
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aggleton, P.
Author-Name: Parker, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1552-1558
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302614
Abstract: As the world enjoys the promise of biomedical advances against HIV, numerous challenges remain. Some of these are connected to politics, others are connected to resource constraints. Other barriers are linked to the need to ensure that the concepts used to think about HIV remain current. Terms such as "MSM" (men who have sex with men) and "community" require critical interrogation at a moment when their political origins seem forgotten. Likewise, struggles between groups most affected by HIV and scientists and policymakers (an enduring feature of the epidemic) remain a key aspect of the response. The dangers of co-option and distraction remain real. In this context, it is vital to promote community ownership, political commitment, solidarity, and respect for differences, not as competing values, but as part of the ultimate solution to HIV. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: consumer;  demography;  female;  HIV Infections;  homosexuality;  human;  leadership;  male;  medicalization;  politics;  procedures;  transgender, Consumer Participation;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality;  Humans;  Leadership;  Male;  Medicalization;  Politics;  Residence Characteristics;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302614_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Local public health department characteristics associated with likelihood to participate in national accreditation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yeager, V.A.
Author-Name: Ferdinand, A.O.
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.M.
Author-Name: Menachemi, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1653-1659
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302503
Abstract: Objectives. We examined factors associated with completing, initiating, or intending to pursue voluntary national accreditation among local health departments (LHDs). Methods. We examined National Association of County and City Health Officials 2010 and 2013 profile data in a pooled cross-sectional design with bivariate and multivariable regression analyses. We conducted individual multivariable models with interest in accreditation and likely to accredit as outcome variables, comparing changes between 2010 and 2013. Results. LHDs with formal quality improvement programs are significantly more likely to have initiated or completed the accreditation process (odds ratio [OR] = 7.99; confidence interval [CI] = 1.79, 35.60), to be likely to accredit (OR = 2.41; CI = 1.65, 3.50), or to report an interest in accreditation (OR = 2.32; CI = 1.67, 3.20). Interest was lower among LHDs in 2013 than in 2010 (OR = 0.56; CI = 0.41, 0.77); however, there was no difference regarding being likely to accredit. LHDs with a high number of full-time equivalent employees were more likely to indicate being likely to accredit or interest in accreditation. Conclusions. Quality improvement may facilitate the accreditation process or be a proxy measure for an unmeasurable LHD attribute that predicts accreditation. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: accreditation;  cross-sectional study;  government;  human;  public health;  public health service;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  total quality management;  United States, Accreditation;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Humans;  Local Government;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Improvement;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302503_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A national cohort study of the association between the polytrauma clinical triad and suicide-related behavior among US veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Finley, E.P.
Author-Name: Bollinger, M.
Author-Name: Noël, P.H.
Author-Name: Amuan, M.E.
Author-Name: Copeland, L.A.
Author-Name: Pugh, J.A.
Author-Name: Dassori, A.
Author-Name: Palmer, R.
Author-Name: Bryan, C.
Author-Name: Pugh, M.J.V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 380-387
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301957
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the association of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury, and chronic pain-the polytrauma clinical triad (PCT)-independently and with other conditions, with suicide-related behavior (SRB) risk among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF; Afghanistan) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. Methods. We used Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data to identify OEF and OIF veterans receiving VA care in fiscal years 2009-2011; we used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to characterize 211 652 cohort members. Descriptive statistics were followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses predicting SRB. Results. Co-occurrence of PCT conditions was associated with significant increase in suicide ideation risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.4) or attempt and ideation (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5, 4.6), but did not exceed increased risk with PTSD alone (ideation: OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 2.0, 2.6; attempt: OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4, 2.9; ideation and attempt: OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.8). Ideation risk was significantly elevated when PTSD was comorbid with depression (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.6, 4.8) or substance abuse (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 3.9, 5.6). Conclusions. Although PCT was a moderate SRB predictor, interactions among PCT conditions, particularly PTSD, and depression or substance abuse had larger risk increases.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Brain Injuries;  chronic pain;  comorbidity;  complication;  depression;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  psychology;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  Substance-Related Disorders;  suicidal ideation;  suicide;  suicide attempt;  United States;  veteran;  war;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Afghan Campaign 2001-;  Brain Injuries;  Chronic Pain;  Comorbidity;  Depression;  Female;  Humans;  Iraq War, 2003-2011;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Suicidal Ideation;  Suicide;  Suicide, Attempted;  United States;  Veterans;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301957_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Suicide rates and state laws regulating access and exposure to handguns
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anestis, M.D.
Author-Name: Anestis, J.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2049-2058
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302753
Abstract: Objectives. Using previous research, we examined the impact of 4 handgun laws (waiting periods, universal background checks, gun locks, and open carrying regulations) on suicide rates. Methods. We used publicly available databases to collect information on statewide laws, suicide rates, and demographic characteristics for 2013. Results. Each law was associated with significantly lower firearm suicide rates and the proportion of suicides resulting from firearms. In addition, each law, except for that which required a waiting period, was associated with a lower overall suicide rate. Follow-up analyses showed a significant indirect effect on overall suicide rates through the proportion of suicides by firearms, indicating that the reduced overall suicide rate was attributable to fewer suicide attempts, fewer handguns in the home, suicide attempts using less lethal means, or a combination of these factors. States that implemented any of these laws saw a decreased suicide rate in subsequent years, whereas the only state that repealed 1 of these laws saw an increased suicide rate. Conclusions. Our results were supportive of a potentially vital role in suicide prevention for state legislation that limits access and exposure to handguns.
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  firearm;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  longitudinal study;  male;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  suicide attempt;  United States, Female;  Firearms;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Suicide;  Suicide, Attempted;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302753_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections among offenders following arrest or incarceration
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wiehe, S.E.
Author-Name: Rosenman, M.B.
Author-Name: Aalsma, M.C.
Author-Name: Scanlon, M.L.
Author-Name: Fortenberry, J.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e26-e32
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302852
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to estimate rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among criminal offenders in the 1 year after arrest or release from incarceration. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of risk of having a positive STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis) or incident-positive HIV test in the 1 year following arrest or incarceration in Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana. Participants were 247 211 individuals with arrest or incarceration in jail, prison, or juvenile detention between 2003 and 2008. Results. Test positivity rates (per 100 000 and per year) were highest for chlamydia (2968) and gonorrhea (2305), and lower for syphilis (278) and HIV (61). Rates of positive STI and HIV were between 1.5 and 2.8 times higher in female than male participants and between 2.7 and 6.9 times higher for Blacks than Whites. Compared with nonoffenders, offenders had a relative risk of 3.9 for chlamydia, 6.6 for gonorrhea, 3.6 for syphilis, and 4.6 for HIV. Conclusions. The 1-year period following arrest or release from incarceration represents a high-impact opportunity to reduce STI and HIV infection rates at a population level.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  child;  Chlamydia Infections;  crime;  female;  gonorrhea;  HIV Infections;  human;  Indiana;  male;  middle aged;  prisoner;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  sex difference;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  syphilis;  very elderly;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Child;  Chlamydia Infections;  Crime;  Female;  Gonorrhea;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Indiana;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prisoners;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Syphilis;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302852_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health care providers' implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sabin, J.A.
Author-Name: Riskind, R.G.
Author-Name: Nosek, B.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1831-1841
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302631
Abstract: Objectives. We examined providers' implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian and gay people by provider gender, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity. Methods. We examined attitudes toward heterosexual people versus lesbian and gay people in Implicit Association Test takers: 2338 medical doctors, 5379 nurses, 8531 mental health providers, 2735 other treatment providers, and 214 110 nonproviders in the United States and internationally between May 2006 and December 2012. We characterized the sample with descriptive statistics and calculated Cohen d, a standardized effect size measure, with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Among heterosexual providers, implicit preferences always favored heterosexual people over lesbian and gay people. Implicit preferences for heterosexual women were weaker than implicit preferences for heterosexual men. Heterosexual nurses held the strongest implicit preference for heterosexual men over gay men (Cohen d = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.28, 1.32 among female nurses; Cohen d = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.32, 1.44 among male nurses). Among all groups, explicit preferences for heterosexual versus lesbian and gay people were weaker than implicit preferences. Conclusions. Implicit preferences for heterosexual people versus lesbian and gay people are pervasive among heterosexual health care providers. Future research should investigate how implicit sexual prejudice affects care.
Keywords: adult;  female;  health care personnel;  health personnel attitude;  human;  lesbianism;  male;  male homosexuality;  prejudice;  psychology;  questionnaire;  United States, Adult;  Attitude of Health Personnel;  Female;  Health Personnel;  Homosexuality, Female;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Prejudice;  Questionnaires;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302631_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of a letter-grade program on restaurant sanitary conditions and diner behavior in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wong, M.R.
Author-Name: McKelvey, W.
Author-Name: Ito, K.
Author-Name: Schiff, C.
Author-Name: Jacobson, J.B.
Author-Name: Kass, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e81-e87
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302404
Abstract: Methods. We analyzed data from 43 448 restaurants inspected between 2007 and 2013 to measure changes in inspection score and violation citations since program launch in July 2010. We used binomial regression to assess probability of scoring 0 to 13 points (A-range score). Two population-based random-digit-dial telephone surveys assessed public perceptions of the program.
Keywords: catering service;  classification;  food control;  food safety;  human;  information processing;  procedures;  program evaluation;  public opinion;  regression analysis;  sanitation;  standards;  United States, Data Collection;  Food Inspection;  Food Safety;  Humans;  New York City;  Program Evaluation;  Public Opinion;  Regression Analysis;  Restaurants;  Sanitation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302404_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mental health recovery in the patient-centered medical home
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sklar, M.
Author-Name: Aarons, G.A.
Author-Name: O'Connell, M.
Author-Name: Davidson, L.
Author-Name: Groessl, E.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1926-1934
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302683
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302683
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of transitioning clients from a mental health clinic to a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) on mental health recovery. Methods. We drew data from a large US County Behavioral Health Services administrative data set. We used propensity score analysis and multilevel modeling to assess the impact of the PCMH on mental health recovery by comparing PCMH participants (n = 215) to clients receiving service as usual (SAU; n = 22 394) from 2011 to 2013 in San Diego County, California. We repeatedly assessed mental health recovery over time (days since baseline assessment range = 0-1639; mean = 186) with the Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) scale and Recovery Markers Questionnaire. Results. For total IMR (log-likelihood ratio v2[1] = 4696.97; P < .001) and IMR Factor 2 Management scores (log-likelihood ratio v2[1] = 7.9; P = .005), increases in mental health recovery over time were greater for PCMH than SAU participants. Increases on all other measures over time were similar for PCMH and SAU participants. Conclusions. Greater increases in mental health recovery over time can be expected when patients with severe mental illness are provided treatment through the PCMH. Evaluative efforts should be taken to inform more widespread adoption of the PCMH.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  female;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental health service;  middle aged;  organization and management;  patient care;  propensity score;  questionnaire;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  California;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health Services;  Middle Aged;  Patient-Centered Care;  Propensity Score;  Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302683_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Factors associated with increased cesarean risk among African American women: Evidence from California, 2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Huesch, M.
Author-Name: Doctor, J.N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 956-962
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302381
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302381
Abstract: Objectives: We studied if both observed and unobserved maternal health in African American women in hospitals or communities were associated with cesarean delivery of infants. Methods: We examined the relationship between African American race and cesarean delivery among 493 433 women discharged from 255 Californian hospitals in 2010 using administrative data; we adjusted for patient comorbidities and maternal, fetal, and placental risk factors, as well as clustering of patients within hospitals. Results: Cesarean rates were significantly higher overall for African American women than other women (unadjusted rate 36.8% vs 32.7%), as were both elective and emergency primary cesarean rates. Elevated risks persisted after risk adjustment (odds ratio generally >1.27), but the prevalence of particular risk factors varied. Although African American women were clustered in some hospitals, the proportion of African Americans among all women delivering in a hospital was not related to its overall cesarean rate. Conclusions: To address the higher likelihood of elective cesarean delivery, attention needs to be given to currently unmeasured patient-level health factors, to the quality of provider-physician interactions, as well as to patient preferences.
Keywords: African American;  cesarean section;  female;  human;  insurance;  Obstetric Labor Complications;  pregnancy;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, African Americans;  California;  Cesarean Section;  Female;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Obstetric Labor Complications;  Pregnancy;  Risk Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302381_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Review of state legislative approaches to eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities, 2002-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Young, J.L.
Author-Name: Pollack, K.
Author-Name: Rutkow, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S388-S394
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302590
Abstract: We conducted a legal mapping study of state bills related to racial/ethnic health disparities in all 50 states between 2002 and 2011. Forty-five states introduced at least 1 bill that specifically targeted racial/ethnic health disparities; we analyzed 607 total bills. Of these 607 bills, 330were passed into law (54.4%). These bills approached eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities by developing governmental infrastructure, providing appropriations, and focusing on specific diseases and data collection. In addition, states tackled emerging topics that were previously lacking laws, particularly Hispanic health. Legislation is an important policy tool for states to advance the elimination of racial/ethnic health disparities.
Keywords: ancestry group;  ethnic group;  government;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302590_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Children's insurance coverage and crowd-out through the recession: Lessons from Ohio
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Muhlestein, D.
Author-Name: Seiber, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2021-2027
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302451
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated changes in children's insurance status (publicly insured, privately insured, or uninsured) and crowd-out rates during the 2007 to 2009 US recession in Ohio. Methods. We conducted an estimate of insurance coverage from statewide, randomized telephone surveys in 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2012. We estimated crowd-out by using regression discontinuity. Results. From 2004 to 2012, private insurance rates dropped from 67% to 55% and public rates grew from 28% to 40%, with no change in the uninsured rate for children. Despite a 12.0% decline in private coverage and a corresponding 12.6% increase in public coverage, we found no evidence that crowd-out increased during this period. Conclusions. Children, particularly those with household incomes lower than 400% of the federal poverty level, were enrolled increasingly in public insurance rather than private coverage. Near the Medicaid eligibility threshold, this is not from an increase in crowd-out. An alternative explanation for the increase in public coverage would be the decline in incomes for households with children.
Keywords: child;  economic recession;  female;  human;  income;  insurance;  male;  medicaid;  organization and management;  poverty;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Child;  Economic Recession;  Eligibility Determination;  Female;  Humans;  Income;  Insurance Coverage;  Male;  Medicaid;  Ohio;  Poverty;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302451_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Let's not forget the health of the syrians within their own country
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bashour, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2407-2408
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302930
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302930
Keywords: health status;  human;  public health;  refugee;  Syrian Arab Republic;  warfare, Health Status;  Humans;  Public Health;  Refugees;  Syria;  Warfare
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302930_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The association between state laws regulating handgun ownership and statewide suicide rates
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anestis, M.D.
Author-Name: Khazem, L.R.
Author-Name: Law, K.C.
Author-Name: Houtsma, C.
Author-Name: LeTard, R.
Author-Name: Moberg, F.
Author-Name: Martin, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2059-2067
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302465
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of 3 state laws (permit to purchase a handgun, registration of handguns, license to own a handgun) on suicide rates. Methods. We used 2010 data from publicly available databases and state legislatures to assess the relationships between our predictors and outcomes. Results. Results largely indicated that states with any of these laws in place exhibited lower overall suicide rates and suicide by firearms rates and that a smaller proportion of suicides in such states resulted from firearms. Furthermore, results indicated that laws requiring registration and license had significant indirect effects through the proportion of suicides resulting fromfirearms. The latter results imply that such laws are associated with fewer suicide attempts overall, a tendency for those who attempt to use less-lethal means, or both. Exploratory longitudinal analyses indicated a decrease in overall suicide rates immediately following implementation of laws requiring a license to own a handgun. Conclusions. The results are thus supportive of the potential of handgun legislation to have an impact on suicide rates.
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  firearm;  government;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  licensing;  male;  organization and management;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States, Female;  Firearms;  Humans;  Licensure;  Male;  Ownership;  State Government;  Suicide;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302465_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trajectories of depressive symptoms in Canadian emerging adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ferro, M.A.
Author-Name: Gorter, J.W.
Author-Name: Boyle, M.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2322-2327
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302817
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302817
Abstract: Objectives. We identified courses of depressive symptoms in an epidemiological sample of emerging adults. Methods. We used latent class growth modeling to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms measured by the 12-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during a 14-year follow-up of 2825 Canadian youths aged 10 to 25 years enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth between 1994 and 2009. Results. After adjustment for youth, parent, and family factors, the 3 distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were minimal (55%; CES-D < 6), subclinical (39%; CES-D = 9-13), and clinical (6%; CES-D > 18). All trajectories exhibited a parallel course, with peak symptoms at 15 to 17 years of age. Subclinical and clinical symptoms were more common than minimal symptoms in female youths and in respondents with lower self-concept, lower socioeconomic status, poorer interpersonal relations, and chronic health conditions (P < .01). Conclusions. Among emerging adults, trajectories of depressive symptoms do not trend upward or downward, and variables associated with identified trajectories demonstrated dose-response effects that agreed with vulnerability- stress theories of depression.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  age distribution;  Canada;  child;  chronic disease;  depression;  female;  human;  human relation;  longitudinal study;  male;  self concept;  sex ratio;  socioeconomics;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Distribution;  Canada;  Child;  Chronic Disease;  Depression;  Female;  Humans;  Interpersonal Relations;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Self Concept;  Sex Distribution;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302817_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transactional sex among men who have sex with men in Latin America: Economic, sociodemographic, and psychosocial factors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oldenburg, C.E.
Author-Name: Perez-Brumer, A.G.
Author-Name: Biello, K.B.
Author-Name: Landers, S.J.
Author-Name: Rosenberger, J.G.
Author-Name: Novak, D.S.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.H.
Author-Name: Mimiaga, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e95-e102
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302402
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302402
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed factors associated with engagement in transactional sex among men who have sex with men recruited from one of the largest Internet sites for men seeking social or sexual interactions with other men in Latin America. Methods: We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to analyze factors associated with engagement in transactional sex in 17 Latin American countries in 2012. Results: Of 24051 respondents, 1732 (7.2%) reported being paid for sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. In a multivariable model, higher country-level unemployment was associated with increased odds of transactional sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.07 per 1% increase in unemployment; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00, 1.13). Individual or interpersonal factors associated with increased odds of engagement in transactional sex included self-reported HIV (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.69) or sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.59), childhood sexual abuse history (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.48, 2.06), intimate partner violence (past 5 years, AOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.45, 1.95), and sexual compulsivity (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.49, 2.11). Conclusions: Structural-level economic interventions and those that address individual and interpersonal factors may improve HIV prevention efforts among men who have sex with men who engage in transactional sex.
Keywords: adult;  age;  child abuse survivor;  demography;  HIV Infections;  human;  human relation;  Internet;  male;  male homosexuality;  sexual behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  socioeconomics;  South and Central America;  statistics and numerical data;  urban population, Adult;  Adult Survivors of Child Abuse;  Age Factors;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Internet;  Interpersonal Relations;  Latin America;  Male;  Residence Characteristics;  Sexual Behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302402_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in diabetes management in Asian Americans in New York City compared with other racial/ethnic minority groups
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Islam, N.S.
Author-Name: Kwon, S.C.
Author-Name: Wyatt, L.C.
Author-Name: Ruddock, C.
Author-Name: Horowitz, C.R.
Author-Name: Devia, C.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S443-S446
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302523
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302523
Abstract: We examined diabetes management practices among Hispanics, Blacks, and 3 Asian American subgroups in New York City. Compared with Blacks and Hispanics, all 3 Asian American subgroups had lower average rates of diabetes management practices. Compared with Blacks, Chinese and Koreans were significantly less likely to participate in all diabetes management behaviors and practices, whereas Asian Indians were significantly less likely to perform feet checks or undergo an eye examination. Results demonstrated the need for health care provider interventions and training to support diabetes management among Asian Americans.
Keywords: African American;  Asian American;  comparative study;  diabetes mellitus;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  middle aged;  New York;  prevalence, African Americans;  Asian Americans;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Prevalence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302523_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Content-driven analysis of an online community for smoking cessation: Integration of qualitative techniques, automated text analysis, and affiliation networks
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Myneni, S.
Author-Name: Fujimoto, K.
Author-Name: Cobb, N.
Author-Name: Cohen, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1206-1212
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302464
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302464
Abstract: Objectives. We identified content-specific patterns of network diffusion underlying smoking cessation in the context of online platforms, with the aim of generating targeted intervention strategies. Methods. QuitNet is an online social network for smoking cessation. We analyzed 16 492 de-identified peer-to-peer messages from 1423 members, posted between March 1 and April 30, 2007. Our mixed-methods approach comprised qualitative coding, automated text analysis, and affiliation network analysis to identify, visualize, and analyze content-specific communication patterns underlying smoking behavior. Results. Themes we identified in QuitNet messages included relapse, QuitNet-specific traditions, and cravings. QuitNet members who were exposed to other abstinent members by exchanging content related to interpersonal themes (e.g., social support, traditions, progress) tended to abstain. Themes found in other types of content did not show significant correlation with abstinence. Conclusions. Modeling health-related affiliation networks through content-driven methods can enable the identification of specific content related to higher abstinence rates, which facilitates targeted health promotion. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  female;  health behavior;  health promotion;  human;  Internet;  male;  medical information;  middle aged;  procedures;  qualitative research;  smoking cessation;  social support, Adult;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Health Communication;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Internet;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Qualitative Research;  Smoking Cessation;  Social Support
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302464_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Continued disparities in lesbian, gay, and bisexual research funding at NIH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Voyles, C.H.
Author-Name: Sell, R.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302265
Keywords: female;  financial management;  human;  male;  national health organization;  research;  sexuality;  statistics and numerical data;  transgender, Female;  Humans;  Male;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Research;  Research Support as Topic;  Sexuality;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302265_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Relation of childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and depression to risk factors for HIV among black men who have sex with men in 6 US cities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Williams, J.K.
Author-Name: Wilton, L.
Author-Name: Magnus, M.
Author-Name: Wang, L.
Author-Name: Wang, J.
Author-Name: Dyer, T.P.
Author-Name: Koblin, B.A.
Author-Name: Hucks-Ortiz, C.
Author-Name: Fields, S.D.
Author-Name: Shoptaw, S.
Author-Name: Stephenson, R.
Author-Name: O'Cleirigh, C.
Author-Name: Cummings, V.
Author-Name: Del Rio, C.
Author-Name: Frew, P.
Author-Name: Root, C.
Author-Name: Wallace, J.L.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.
Author-Name: Perkins, B.
Author-Name: Powell, K.
Author-Name: Vega, B.
Author-Name: Greenberg, A.
Author-Name: Jordan, J.
Author-Name: Kuo, I.
Author-Name: Phillips Ii, G.
Author-Name: Watson, C.
Author-Name: Mannheimer, S.
Author-Name: Loquere, A., Jr.
Author-Name: Goodman, K.
Author-Name: Van Tieu, H.
Author-Name: Buchbinder, S.P.
Author-Name: Arnold, M.
Author-Name: Campbell, C.
Author-Name: Sanchez, M.
Author-Name: Benavente, J.
Author-Name: Blades, C.
Author-Name: Victorianne, G.
Author-Name: Villanueva, D.
Author-Name: Griffith, S.
Author-Name: Hamilton, E.
Author-Name: Jones, L.
Author-Name: King, G.
Author-Name: Lucas, J.P.
Author-Name: Nelson, T.
Author-Name: Eshleman, S.
Author-Name: Kelly, C.
Author-Name: Liu, T.-Y.
Author-Name: Bupp, J.
Author-Name: Elharrar, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2473-2481
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302878
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the relation of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), intimate partner violence (IPV), and depression to HIV sexual risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. Participants were 1522 Black MSM recruited from 6 US cities between July 2009 and December 2011. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used. Results. Participants reported sex before age 12 years with someone at least 5 years older (31.1%), unwanted sex when aged 12 to 16 years (30%), IPV (51.8%), and depression (43.8%). Experiencing CSA when aged 12 to 16 years was inversely associated with any receptive condomless anal sex with a male partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29, 0.86). Pressured or forced sex was positively associated with any receptive anal sex (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.57, 3.20). Experiencing CSA when younger than 12 years, physical abuse, emotional abuse, having been stalked, and pressured or forced sex were positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months. Among HIV-positive MSM (n = 337), CSA between ages 12 and 16 years was positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months. Conclusions. Rates of CSA, IPV, and depression were high, but associations with HIV sexual risk outcomes were modest.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  child;  child abuse survivor;  child sexual abuse;  complication;  depression;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  middle aged;  partner violence;  psychology;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  unsafe sex;  urban population;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Adult Survivors of Child Abuse;  African Americans;  Child;  Child Abuse, Sexual;  Depression;  HIV Infections;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Intimate Partner Violence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  United States;  Unsafe Sex;  Urban Population;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302878_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Voluntary, nonintentional dehydration and health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Urkin, J.
Author-Name: Bar-David, Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302857
Keywords: ancestry group;  dehydration;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data, Continental Population Groups;  Dehydration;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302857_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The life stories of homeless youths
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cannuscio, C.C.
Author-Name: Dupuis, R.
Author-Name: Graves, A.
Author-Name: Hanson, C.
Author-Name: Hersh, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2216-2219
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302815
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302815
Keywords: adolescent;  homelessness;  human;  psychology, Adolescent;  Homeless Youth;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302815_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Alfred yankauer (1913-2004): Advocate for public health and social justice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ladwig, S.
Author-Name: Brown, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 282
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302359
Keywords: African American;  history;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  public health;  racism;  social justice;  United States, African Americans;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  Public Health;  Racism;  Social Justice;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302359_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health insurance disparities among racial/ethnic minorities in same-sex relationships: An intersectional approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gonzales, G.
Author-Name: Ortiz, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1106-1113
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302459
Abstract: Objectives. We examined disparities in health insurance coverage for racial/ethnic minorities in same-sex relationships. Methods. We used data from the 2009 to 2011 American Community Survey on nonelderly adults (aged 25-64 years) in same-sex (n = 32 744), married opposite-sex (n = 2 866 636), and unmarried opposite-sex (n = 268 298) relationships. We used multinomial logistic regression models to compare differences in the primary source of health insurance while controlling for key demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results. Adults of all races/ethnicities in same-sex relationships were less likely than were White adults in married opposite-sex relationships to report having employer-sponsored health insurance. Hispanic men, Black women, and American Indian/Alaska Native women in same-sex relationships were much less likely to have employer-sponsored health insurance than were their White counterparts in married opposite-sex relationships and their White counterparts in same-sex relationships. Conclusions. Differences in coverage by relationship type and race/ethnicity may worsen over time as states follow different paths to implementing health care reform and same-sex marriage. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  ancestry group;  ethnology;  family size;  female;  government;  health insurance;  heterosexuality;  homosexuality;  human;  insurance;  male;  marriage;  middle aged;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States, Adult;  Continental Population Groups;  Federal Government;  Female;  Health Benefit Plans, Employee;  Heterosexuality;  Homosexuality;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Marriage;  Middle Aged;  Single Person;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302459_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Systematic review of the effect of pictorial warnings on cigarette packages in smoking behavior. (American Public Health Association Inc. (2014) 104:10 (e11-e30))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Monárrez-Espino, J.
Author-Name: Liu, B.
Author-Name: Greiner, F.
Author-Name: Bremberg, S.
Author-Name: Galanti, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302129e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302129e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302129e_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Homelessness and other risk factors for HIV infection in the current outbreak among injection drug users in Athens, Greece
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sypsa, V.
Author-Name: Paraskevis, D.
Author-Name: Malliori, M.
Author-Name: Nikolopoulos, G.K.
Author-Name: Panopoulos, A.
Author-Name: Kantzanou, M.
Author-Name: Katsoulidou, A.
Author-Name: Psichogiou, M.
Author-Name: Fotiou, A.
Author-Name: Pharris, A.
Author-Name: Van De Laar, M.
Author-Name: Wiessing, L.
Author-Name: Des Jarlais, D.
Author-Name: Friedman, S.R.
Author-Name: Hatzakis, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 196-204
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301656
Abstract: Objectives: We examined HIV prevalence and risk factors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Athens, Greece, during an HIV outbreak. Methods: We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 1404 IDUs to the Aristotle intervention in August to October 2012. We interviewed participants and tested for HIV. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Estimated HIV prevalence was 19.8% (RDS-weighted prevalence = 14.8%). Odds of infection were 2.3 times as high in homeless as in housed IDUs and 2.1 times as high among IDUs who injected at least once per day as among less frequent injectors (both, P <.001). Six percent of men and 23.5% of women reported transactional sex in the past 12 months, and condom use was low. Intercourse with non-IDUs was common (53.2% of men, 25.6% of women). Among IDUs who had been injecting for 2 years or less the estimated incidence rate was 23.4 new HIV cases per 100 person-years at risk. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce HIV transmission should address homelessness as well as scaling up prevention services, such as needle and syringe distribution and other risk reduction interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301656_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Economies of scale in the production of public health services: An analysis of local health districts in Florida
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bernet, P.M.
Author-Name: Singh, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S260-S267
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302350
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302350
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the existence and the extent of scale and scope economies in the delivery of public health services. We also tested the strength f agency, population, and community characteristics that moderate scale and scope economies. Methods: We collected service count and cost data for all Florida local health districts for 2008 and 2010, complemented with data on agency, population, and community characteristics. Using translog cost functions, we built models of operating efficiencies for 5 core public health activities: communicable disease surveillance, chronic disease prevention, food hygiene, on-site sewage treatment, and vital records. Results: Economies of scale were found in most activities, with cost per unit decreasing as volume increased. The models did not, however, identify meaningfuleconomies of scope. Conclusions: Consolidation or regionalization might lower cost per unit for select public health activities. This could free up resources for use in other areas, further improving the public's health.
Keywords: chronic disease;  cost;  demography;  economics;  food safety;  government;  human;  infection control;  organization and management;  public health service;  sanitation;  United States;  vital statistics, Chronic Disease;  Communicable Disease Control;  Costs and Cost Analysis;  Efficiency, Organizational;  Florida;  Food Safety;  Humans;  Local Government;  Public Health Administration;  Residence Characteristics;  Sanitary Engineering;  Vital Statistics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302350_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adverse birth outcomes in Colorado: Assessing the impact of a statewide initiative to prevent unintended pregnancy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Goldthwaite, L.M.
Author-Name: Duca, L.
Author-Name: Johnson, R.K.
Author-Name: Ostendorf, D.
Author-Name: Sheeder, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e60-e66
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302711
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed whether living in counties with Title X clinics and increased use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in Colorado are associated with decreased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Methods. We linked Title X clinic counties to the Colorado birth data set by using the mother's county of residence. We compared low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in 2008 and 2012, in counties with and without Title X clinics. We compared the relationship between LARC use and the incidence of LBW or PTB in 2012 for women living in counties with Title X clinics. Results. For women living in counties with Title X clinics, the odds of PTB were significantly lower in 2012 compared with 2008 (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% confidence interval = 0.81, 0.89; interaction P = .02). For women living in Title X clinic counties in 2012, a higher proportion of LARC use (> 12.4%) was significantly associated with decreased risk of PTB (P = .02) compared with a low proportion of LARC use (£ 4.96%). Conclusions. Improved access to family planning services and increased use of LARC are associated with lower risk of PTB.
Keywords: contraceptive agent;  delayed release formulation, adolescent;  adult;  cross-sectional study;  delayed release formulation;  family planning;  female;  health care delivery;  human;  low birth weight;  pregnancy;  pregnancy outcome;  Premature Birth;  safety net hospital;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  unplanned pregnancy;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Colorado;  Contraceptive Agents, Female;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Delayed-Action Preparations;  Family Planning Services;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Infant, Low Birth Weight;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Outcome;  Pregnancy, Unplanned;  Premature Birth;  Safety-net Providers;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302711_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sociodemographic disparities in local smoke-free law coverage in 10 states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Huang, J.
Author-Name: King, B.A.
Author-Name: Babb, S.D.
Author-Name: Xu, X.
Author-Name: Hallett, C.
Author-Name: Hopkins, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1806-1813
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302655
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed sociodemographic disparities in local 100% smokefree laws prohibiting smoking in all indoor areas of nonhospitality worksites, restaurants, and bars in 10 states. Methods. We obtained data on local 100% smoke-free laws (US Tobacco Control Laws Database) and subcounty characteristics (2006-2010 American Community Survey) for Alabama, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia. Outcomes included (1) 100% smoke-free law covering restaurants, bars, and workplaces; (2) 100% smoke-free law covering restaurants, bars, or workplaces; and (3) number of venue types covered by 100% smoke-free laws (0-3). Sociodemographics included total population, urban status, percentage racial/ethnic minority, per capita income, percentage with high-school diploma, percentage with blue-collar jobs, and percentage of workers who live and work in the same locality. Results. Across states, localities with less-educated residents, smaller proportions of workers living and working in the same locality, or both generally had lower odds of being covered by 100% smoke-free laws. Coverage varied across states for other sociodemographics. Conclusions. Disparities exist in local smoke-free law coverage. Identifying patterns in coverage can inform state efforts to address related disparities.
Keywords: adult;  catering service;  demography;  female;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  smoking ban;  United States;  workplace, Adult;  Demography;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Restaurants;  Smoke-Free Policy;  United States;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302655_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Store impulse marketing strategies and body mass index
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cohen, D.A.
Author-Name: Collins, R.
Author-Name: Hunter, G.
Author-Name: Ghosh-Dastidar, B.
Author-Name: Dubowitz, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1446-1452
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302220
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302220
Abstract: Objectives. We quantified the use of placement and price reduction marketing strategies in different food retail outlets to identify associations between these strategies and the risk of overweight and obesity among customers. Methods. In 2011 we collected dietary and health information from 1372 residents in "food deserts" in Pittsburgh, PA. We audited neighborhood restaurants and food stores (n = 40) including 16 distant food venues at which residents reported shopping. We assessed end-aisle displays, special floor displays, cash register displays, and price reductions for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); foods high in saturated oils, fats, and added sugars; and nutritious foods such as fruits, vegetables, and products with at least 51% whole grains. Results. Supermarkets and superstores had the largest numbers of displays and price reductions for low-nutrient foods. Exposure to displays of SSBs and foods high in saturated oils, fats, and added sugars and price reduction of SSBs was associated with increased body mass index. Conclusions. In-store marketing strategies of low-nutrient foods appear to be risk factors for a higher body mass index among regular shoppers. Future research is needed to confirm the causal role of marketing strategies in obesity.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  body mass;  carbonated beverage;  catering service;  commercial phenomena;  economics;  female;  food;  food preference;  human;  male;  marketing;  middle aged;  obesity;  procedures;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Body Mass Index;  Carbonated Beverages;  Commerce;  Female;  Food;  Food Preferences;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Male;  Marketing;  Middle Aged;  Obesity;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302220_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Predictors of human papillomavirus vaccine completion among female and male vaccine initiators in family planning centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simons, H.R.
Author-Name: Unger, Z.D.
Author-Name: Lopez, P.M.
Author-Name: Kohn, J.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2541-2548
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302834
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series completion and examined predictors of completion among adolescents and young adults in a large family planning network. Methods. Our retrospective cohort study of vaccine completion within 12 months and time to completion used electronic health record data from 119 Planned Parenthood health centers in 11 US states for 9648 patients who initiated HPV vaccination between January 2011 and January 2013. Results. Among vaccine initiators, 29% completed the series within 12 months. Patients who were male, younger than 22 years, or non-Hispanic Black or who had public insurance were less likely to complete within 12 months and completed more slowly than their counterparts. Gender appeared to modify the effect of public versus private insurance on completion (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76 for women and 0.95 for men; relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.73). Conclusions. Completion was low yet similar to previous studies conducted in safety net settings.
Keywords: Wart virus vaccine, adolescent;  adult;  age;  child;  female;  human;  male;  outpatient department;  patient compliance;  retrospective study;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Papillomavirus Vaccines;  Patient Compliance;  Retrospective Studies;  Sex Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302834_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Decreasing hepatitis C incidence among a population with repeated tests: British Columbia, Canada, 1993-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kuo, M.
Author-Name: Janjua, N.Z.
Author-Name: Burchell, A.N.
Author-Name: Buxton, J.A.
Author-Name: Krajden, M.
Author-Name: Gilbert, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1604-1610
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302591
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated HCV incidence among individuals who repeatedly underwent anti-HCV testing. Methods. We studied HCV-negative individuals who had at least 2 tests between April 1992 and September 2012 in British Columbia, Canada. We calculated incidence as the number of new infections per 100 person-years at risk. Results. From 1992 to 2012, 323 598 individuals who persistently tested negative and 7490 HCV seroconverters contributed 1 774 262 person-years of observation time. Incidence rates ranged from 2.66 infections per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.07, 3.35) in 1993 to 0.25 infections per 100 person-years (95% CI = 0.21, 0.29) in 2011. Rates declined sharply in the 1990s and declined more gradually in the 2000s. Incidence declined with age; highest incidence rates were among those aged 15 to 24 years. Incidence among male repeat testers exceeded that of female repeat testers across all years, although the gap narrowed over time. Conclusions. Addictions treatment, harm reduction, prevention education, and novel initiatives to remove barriers in health infrastructure need to be intensified for those who inject drugs, particularly men and younger persons. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  age;  British Columbia;  female;  hepatitis C;  human;  incidence;  male;  middle aged;  serology;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  British Columbia;  Female;  Hepatitis C;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Serologic Tests;  Sex Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302591_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The adaptation and implementation of a community-based participatory research curriculum to build tribal research capacity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jernigan, V.B.B.
Author-Name: Jacob, T.
Author-Name: Styne, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S424-S432
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302674
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302674
Abstract: We studied community-based participatory research in American Indian/ Alaska Native communities. We have presented a case study describing a community-clinic-academic partnership with the goal of building tribal capacity and infrastructure to conduct health disparities research. The 2-year intensive training was guided by the framework of an evidence- and community based participatory research curriculum, adapted and implemented with practice-based data collection activities and seminars to address issues specific to community-based participatory research with sovereign tribal nations. The initiative highlighted important challenges and opportunities in transdisciplinary partnerships; identified gaps in conducting health disparities research at the tribal, clinical, and university levels; and led to important policy change initiatives in all the partner settings.
Keywords: American Indian;  capacity building;  curriculum;  health disparity;  human;  information processing;  Inuit;  organization and management;  participatory research;  United States;  vocational education, Capacity Building;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Curriculum;  Education, Professional;  Focus Groups;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Inuits;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302674_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Higher retail prices of sugar-sweetened beverages 3 months after implementation of an excise tax in Berkeley, California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Falbe, J.
Author-Name: Rojas, N.
Author-Name: Grummon, A.H.
Author-Name: Madsen, K.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2194-2201
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302881
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302881
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the short-term ability to increase retail prices of the first US 1-cent-per-ounce excise tax on the distribution of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which was implemented in March 2015 by Berkeley, California. Methods. In 2014 and 2015, we examined pre- to posttax price changes of SSBs and non-SSBs in a variety of retailers in Berkeley and in the comparison cities Oakland and San Francisco, California. We examined price changes by beverage, brand, size, and retailer type. Results. For smaller beverages (≤ 33.8 oz), price increases (cents/oz) in Berkeley relative to those in comparison cities were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36, 1.03) for soda, 0.47 (95% CI = 0.08, 0.87) for fruit-flavored beverages, and 0.47 (95% CI = 0.25, 0.69) for SSBs overall. For 2-liter bottles and multipacks of soda, relative price increases were 0.46 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.89) and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.21, 0.77). We observed no relative price increases for nontaxed beverages overall. Conclusions. Approximately 3 months after the tax was implemented, SSB retail prices increased more in Berkeley than in nearby cities, marking a step in the causal pathway between the tax and reduced SSB consumption.
Keywords: sugar intake, beverage;  California;  commercial phenomena;  economics;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  statistics and numerical data;  sugar intake;  tax, Beverages;  California;  Commerce;  Dietary Sucrose;  Humans;  Taxes
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302881_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State barriers to appropriating public health emergency response funds during the 2009 H1N1 response
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yeager, V.A.
Author-Name: Hurst, D.
Author-Name: Menachemi, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S274-S279
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302378
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302378
Abstract: Objectives: We examined state-specific administrative barriers to allocating 2009 H1N1 influenza public health emergency response (PHER) funds. Methods: We conducted a qualitative review of PHER grants management reports to identify and code barriers reported by states in allocating funds. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between the percentage of funds allocated and each individual barrier and, separately, the cumulative effect of multiple barriers. Results. States reported 6 barrier types, including regulatory issues (n = 14, or 28%), contracting issues (n = 14, or 28%), purchasing issues (n = 6, or 12%), legislative issues (n = 5, or 10%), staffing issues (n = 5, or 10%), and issues transferring funds between state and local health departments (n = 4, or 8%). In multivariate models, having experienced a purchasing barrier was associated with a significant decrease in PHER allocation (B =-26.4; P = .018). Separately, the cumulative effect of having 3 barriers was associated with a decrease in PHER allocation (B =-16.0; P = .079). Conclusions: Purchasing barriers were associated with delayed use of PHER funds. Moreover, the cumulative effect of any 3 barriers hampered the allocation of funds.Understanding barriers to using funds can inform future funding guidance for improved efficiency of response efforts.
Keywords: demography;  economics;  epidemic;  financial management;  human;  Influenza virus A H1N1;  Influenza, Human;  organization and management;  personnel management;  public health service, Disease Outbreaks;  Financial Management;  Financing, Government;  Humans;  Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype;  Influenza, Human;  Personnel Staffing and Scheduling;  Public Health Administration;  Residence Characteristics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302378_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Solutions that stick: Activating crossdisciplinary collaboration in a graduatelevel public health innovations course at the university of California, Berkeley
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sandhu, J.S.
Author-Name: Hosang, R.
Author-Name: Madsen, K.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S73-S77
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302395
Abstract: Since 2011 we have taught a public health innovations course at the University of California, Berkeley. Students gain skills in systematic innovation, or human-centered design, while working in small interdisciplinary teams on domestic and global health projectswith client organizations. To support acquisition of meaningful problem-solving skills,we structured the course so that the majority of learning happens in scenarios that do not involve faculty. Taken by students representing 26 graduate programs (as diverse as epidemiology, city planning, and mechanical engineering), it is one of the 10 highest-rated courses offered by the School of Public Health. We present the blueprints for our course with the hope that other institutionswhose students could benefit will borrow from our model.
Keywords: academic achievement;  cooperation;  educational model;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  mass communication;  medical education;  problem based learning;  procedures;  United States, California;  Cooperative Behavior;  Diffusion of Innovation;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Models, Educational;  Problem-Based Learning
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302395_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Leaving the hospital against medical advice among people who use illicit drugs: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ti, L.
Author-Name: Ti, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e53-e59
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302885
Abstract: Background. Leaving the hospital against medical advice is an increasing problem in acute care settings and is associated with an array of negative health consequences that may lead to read mission for a worsened health outcome or mortality. Leaving the hospital against medical advice is particularly common among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) and has been linked to a number of complex issues; however, few studies have focused specifically on this population beyond identifying them as being at an increased risk of leaving the hospital prematurely. Furthermore, programs and interventions for reducing the rate of leaving the hospital against medical advice among PWUD in acute care settings have not been well studied. Objectives. We systematically assessed the literature examining hospital discharge against medical advice from acute care among this population and identified potential methods to minimize the occurrence of this phenomenon. Search methods. We searched 5 electronic databases (from database inception to August 2014) and article reference lists for articles investigating hospital discharge fromacute care against medical advice among PWUD. Search terms consistent across databases included "patient discharge," "hospital discharge," "against medical advice," "drug user," "substance-related disorders," and "intravenous substance abuse." Selection criteria. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal as an original research article in English. We excluded gray literature, case reports, case series, reviews, and editorials. We retained original studies that reported illicit drug use as a predictor of leaving the hospital against medical advice and studies of discharge against medical advice that included PWUD as a population of interest, and we assessed significance through appropriate statistical tests. We excluded studies that reported patients leaving the hospital against medical advice from psychiatric hospitals, drug treatment centers and emergency departments, and studies that discussed misuse of alcohol but not illicit drugs. Data collection and analysis. We created an electronic Database that included study abstracts and relevant in formation matching the keywords and search criteria. We reviewed potentially eligible articles independently by scanning the titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles after removing duplicates. We identified studies for which eligibility was unclear and decided which studies to include after thoroughly reviewing and discussing them. Results. Of the1649 studies that matched the search criteria,17 met our inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies identified substance misuse as a significant predictor of leaving the hospital against medical advice. Three studies assessed the prevalence and predictors of leaving the hospital against medical advice among people who inject drugs and found that this phenomenon was commonly reported (prevalence range = 25%-30%). Factors positively associated with leaving the hospital against medical advice included recent injection drug use, Aboriginal ancestry, leaving on weekends and welfare check day. In-hospital methadone use, social support, older age, and admission to a community-based model of carewere negatively associated with the outcome. Conclusions. To better understand risk factors associated with Leaving the hospital against medical advice among PWUD, future research should consider the effect of individual, social, and structural characteristics on leaving the hospital against medical advice among PWUD. The development and evaluation of novel methods to address interventions to reduce the rate of leaving the hospital prematurely is necessary.
Keywords: drug dependence;  hospitalization;  human;  psychology;  risk factor;  treatment refusal, Hospitalization;  Humans;  Risk Factors;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Treatment Refusal
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302885_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Longitudinal investigation of smoking initiation and relapse among younger and older US Military personnel
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Boyko, E.J.
Author-Name: Trone, D.W.
Author-Name: Peterson, A.V.
Author-Name: Jacobson, I.G.
Author-Name: Littman, A.J.
Author-Name: Maynard, C.
Author-Name: Seelig, A.D.
Author-Name: Crum-Cianflone, N.F.
Author-Name: Bricker, J.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1220-1229
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302538
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302538
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether military service, including deployment and combat experience, were related to smoking initiation and relapse. Methods. We included older (panel 1) and younger (panel 2) participants in the Millennium Cohort Study. Never smokers were followed for 3 to 6 years for smoking initiation, and former smokers were followed for relapse. Complementary log-log regression models estimated the relative risk (RR) of initiation and relapse by military exposure while adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. Results. Deployment with combat experience predicted higher initiation rate (panel 1: RR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 1.62; panel 2: RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54) and relapse rate (panel 1 only: RR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.62). Depending on the panel, previous mental health disorders, life stressors, and other military and nonmilitary characteristics independently predicted initiation and relapse. Conclusions. Deployment with combat experience and previous mental disorder may identify military service members in need of intervention to prevent smoking initiation and relapse. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  complication;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  incidence;  male;  mental disease;  mental stress;  middle aged;  prospective study;  psychology;  recurrent disease;  risk factor;  smoking;  soldier;  United States;  war, Adult;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Military Personnel;  Prospective Studies;  Recurrence;  Risk Factors;  Smoking;  Stress, Psychological;  United States;  War
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302538_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The role of stigma and medical mistrust in the routine health care engagement of black men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eaton, L.A.
Author-Name: Driffin, D.D.
Author-Name: Kegler, C.
Author-Name: Smith, H.
Author-Name: Conway-Washington, C.
Author-Name: White, D.
Author-Name: Cherry, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e75-e82
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302322
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302322
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed how health care-related stigma, global medical mistrust, and personal trust in one's health care provider relate to engaging in medical care among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. In 2012, we surveyed 544 Black MSM attending a community event. We completed generalized linear modeling and mediation analyses in 2013. Results. Twenty-nine percent of participants reported experiencing racial and sexual orientation stigma from heath care providers and 48% reported mistrust of medical establishments. We found that, among HIV-negative Black MSM, those who experienced greater stigma and global medical mistrust had longer gaps in time since their last medical exam. Furthermore, global medical mistrust mediated the relationship between stigma and engagement in care. Among HIV-positive Black MSM, experiencing stigma from health care providers was associated with longer gaps in time since last HIV care appointment. Conclusions. Interventions focusing on health care settings that support the development of greater awareness of stigma and mistrust are urgently needed. Failure to address psychosocial deterrents will stymie progress in biomedical prevention and cripple the ability to implement effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  ethnology;  Georgia;  health care delivery;  HIV Seropositivity;  homophobia;  human;  male;  male homosexuality;  patient attitude;  psychology;  racism;  statistics and numerical data;  stereotyping;  trust;  utilization, Adult;  African Americans;  Delivery of Health Care;  Georgia;  HIV Seropositivity;  Homophobia;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Racism;  Stereotyping;  Trust
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302322_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Indigenous mortality (revealed): The invisible illuminated
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Freemantle, J.
Author-Name: Ring, I.
Author-Name: Arambula Solomon, T.G.
Author-Name: Gachupin, F.C.
Author-Name: Smylie, J.
Author-Name: Cutler, T.L.
Author-Name: Waldon, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 644-652
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301994
Abstract: Inaccuracies in the identification of Indigenous status and the collection of and access to vital statistics data impede the strategic implementation of evidence-based public health initiatives to reduce avoidable deaths. The impact of colonization and subsequent government initiatives has been commonly observed among the Indigenous peoples of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The quality of Indigenous data that informs mortality statistics are similarly connected to these distal processes, which began with colonization. We discuss the methodological and technical challenges in measuring mortality for Indigenous populations within a historical and political context, and identify strategies for the accurate ascertainment and inclusion of Indigenous people in mortality statistics. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: American Indian;  Australia;  Canada;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  human;  information processing;  mortality;  New Zealand;  Oceanic ancestry group;  politics;  procedures;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  vital statistics, Australia;  Canada;  Data Collection;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Mortality;  New Zealand;  Oceanic Ancestry Group;  Politics;  United States;  Vital Statistics
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301994_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco denormalization as a public health strategy: Implications for sexual and gender minorities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Antin, T.M.J.
Author-Name: Lipperman-Kreda, S.
Author-Name: Hunt, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2426-2429
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302806
Abstract: Although the population-level success of tobacco denormalization is widely accepted, it remains unclear whether these strategies alleviate health inequities for sexual and gender minorities. The high risk of smoking among sexual and gender minorities together with research that documents a relationship between stigma-related processes and smoking prevalence for these groups raises questions about whether tobaccorelated stigma intensifies the disadvantages associated with the stigmas of other social identities. We have not adequately considered how tobacco-related stigma overlaps with other social identity stigmas. Given concerns about the intensification of inequality, this type of inquiry has important implications for understanding both the effectiveness and limitations of tobacco denormalization strategies for sexual and gender minorities and identifying those tobacco prevention, treatment, and public health policies that work to ameliorate health inequities.
Keywords: attitude to health;  epidemiology;  female;  gender identity;  human;  male;  minority group;  prevention and control;  procedures;  psychology;  public health;  risk factor;  sexuality;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  stereotyping, Attitude to Health;  Female;  Gender Identity;  Humans;  Male;  Minority Groups;  Public Health;  Risk Factors;  Sexuality;  Smoking;  Stereotyping
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302806_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing among high-risk youths: Supporting Positive Opportunities with Teens (SPOT) youth center
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Plax, K.
Author-Name: Garbutt, J.
Author-Name: Kaushik, G.N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1394-1398
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302569
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the development of and service utilization at Supporting Positive Opportunities with Teens (SPOT)- A community-based health and social service facility in St. Louis, Missouri, for youths that focuses on increasing HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Methods. We identified the US-based, co-located youth health and social service models that guided the establishment of the SPOT. We analyzed the first 5 years (2008-2013) of service delivery and utilization data. Results. During the study period, the SPOT provided services for 8233 youths in 37 480 visits. The 5 most utilized services included HIV and STI screening, food, transportation, contraception, and casemanagement. A total of 9812 gonorrhea and chlamydia screenings revealed 1379 (14.1%) cases of chlamydia and 437 (4.5%) cases of gonorrhea, and 5703 HIV tests revealed 59 HIV infections (1.0%); 93.0% of patients found to have an STIwere treated within a 5-day window. Conclusions. Co-locating health and social services in informal community settings attracts high-risk youths to utilize services and can prove instrumental in reducing STI burden in this population.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  child health care;  Chlamydia Infections;  contraception;  female;  gonorrhea;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  procedures;  serodiagnosis;  sex difference;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adolescent Health Services;  Age Factors;  AIDS Serodiagnosis;  Chlamydia Infections;  Contraception;  Female;  Gonorrhea;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Missouri;  Sex Factors;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302569_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ebola outbreak: From the perspective of African migrants in China
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lin, L.
Author-Name: Hall, B.J.
Author-Name: Khoe, L.C.
Author-Name: Bodomo, A.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302649
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302649
Keywords: Africa;  body temperature;  China;  Disease Outbreaks;  ethnology;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  infection control;  migration;  procedures;  racism;  social stigma;  statistics and numerical data, Africa;  Body Temperature;  China;  Disease Outbreaks;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Quarantine;  Racism;  Social Stigma;  Transients and Migrants
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302649_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Continuing need for sexually transmitted disease clinics after the affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoover, K.W.
Author-Name: Parsell, B.W.
Author-Name: Leichliter, J.S.
Author-Name: Habel, M.A.
Author-Name: Tao, G.
Author-Name: Pearson, W.S.
Author-Name: Gift, T.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S690-S695
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302839
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302839
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed the characteristics of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients, their reasons for seeking health services in STD clinics, and their access to health care in other venues. Methods: In 2013, we surveyed persons who used publicly funded STD clinics in 21 US cities with the highest STD morbidity. Results: Of the 4364 STD clinic patients we surveyed, 58.5% were younger than 30 years, 72.5% were non-White, and 49.9% were uninsured. They visited the clinic for STD symptoms (18.9%), STD screening (33.8%), and HIV testing (13.6%). Patients chose STD clinics because of walk-in, same-day appointments (49.5%), low cost (23.9%), and expert care (8.3%). Among STD clinic patients, 60.4% had access to another type of venue for sick care, and 58.5% had access to another type of venue for preventive care. Most insured patients (51.6%) were willing to use insurance to pay for care at the STD clinic. Conclusions: Despite access to other health care settings, patients chose STD clinics for sexual health care because of convenient, low-cost, and expert care. Policy Implication. STD clinics play an important role in STD prevention by offering walk-in care to uninsured patients.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  child;  female;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  human;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  outpatient department;  patient attitude;  safety net hospital;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Child;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Safety-net Providers;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302839_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Variations in Asian Americans: How neighborhood concordance is associated with health care access and utilization
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chang, E.
Author-Name: Chan, K.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 66-68
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302275
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302275
Abstract: We examined associations of different levels of same-ethnicity neighborhood concordance with health care access and utilization among all Asian American, Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese adults (aged 18-64 years) using the 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Survey and the 2010 US Census. Although associations varied by subgroup, Asian Americans in highly concordant neighborhoods were more likely to lack a usual source of care but did not lack doctor visits or experience delays in medical care and prescriptions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302275_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Predicted probabilities' relationship to inclusion probabilities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fang, D.
Author-Name: Chong, J.
Author-Name: Wilson, J.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 837-839
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302592
Abstract: It has been shown that under a general multiplicative intercept model for risk, case-control (retrospective) data can be analyzed by maximum likelihood as if they had arisen prospectively, up to an unknown multiplicative constant, which depends on the relative sampling fraction.1 With suitable auxiliary information, retrospective data can also be used to estimate response probabilities.2 In other words, predictive probabilities obtained without adjustments from retrospective data will likely be different from those obtained from prospective data. We highlighted this using binary data from Medicare to determine the probability of readmission into the hospital within 30 days of discharge, which is particularly timely because Medicare has begun penalizing hospitals for certain readmissions.3.
Keywords: epidemiology;  hospital readmission;  human;  medicare;  methodology;  probability;  prospective study;  retrospective study;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Epidemiologic Studies;  Humans;  Medicare;  Patient Readmission;  Probability;  Prospective Studies;  Research Design;  Retrospective Studies;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302592_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Polling places, pharmacies, and public health: Vote & Vax 2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shenson, D.
Author-Name: Moore, R.T.
Author-Name: Benson, W.
Author-Name: Anderson, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e12-e15
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302628
Abstract: US national elections, which draw sizable numbers of older voters, take place during flu-shot season and represent an untapped opportunity for large-scale delivery of vaccinations. In 2012, Vote & Vax deployed a total of 1585 clinics in 48 states; Washington, DC; Guam; Puerto Rico; and the US Virgin Islands. Approximately 934 clinics were located in pharmacies, and 651 were near polling places. Polling place clinics delivered significantly more vaccines than did pharmacies (5710 vs 3669). The delivery of vaccines was estimated at 9379, and approximately 45% of the recipients identified their race/ethnicity as African American or Hispanic. More than half of the White Vote & Vax recipients and more than two thirds of the non-White recipients were not regular flu shot recipients. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: influenza vaccine, Guam;  human;  Influenza, Human;  organization and management;  pharmacy;  politics;  preventive health service;  program development;  program evaluation;  public health;  public health service;  Puerto Rico;  United States;  Virgin Islands (U.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Guam;  Humans;  Immunization Programs;  Influenza Vaccines;  Influenza, Human;  Pharmacies;  Politics;  Program Development;  Program Evaluation;  Public Health;  Puerto Rico;  United States;  United States Virgin Islands
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302628_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Snus use and smoking behaviors: Preliminary findings from a prospective cohort study among US midwest young adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Taylor, N.
Author-Name: Choi, K.
Author-Name: Forster, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 683-685
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302536
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302536
Abstract: The effect of snus use on smoking behaviors among US young adults is largely unknown. Data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study collected in 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012 (participants aged 20-28 years) showed that young adult non-smokers who had tried snus were subsequently more likely than those who had not tried snus to become current smokers (n = 1696; adjusted odds ratio = 1.79; 95% confidence interval = 1.01, 3.14). Snus use was not associated with subsequent smoking cessation or reduction among young adult current smokers (n = 488; P > .46). © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  child;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  Minnesota;  procedures;  prospective study;  smokeless tobacco;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  socioeconomics;  utilization, Adolescent;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Minnesota;  Prospective Studies;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Tobacco, Smokeless
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302536_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State-level marriage equality and the health of same-sex couples
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kail, B.L.
Author-Name: Acosta, K.L.
Author-Name: Wright, E.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1101-1105
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302589
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the association between the health of people in same-sex relationships and the degree and nature of the legal recognition of same-sex relationships offered in the states in which they resided. Methods. We conducted secondary data analyses on the 2010 to 2013 Current Population Survey and publicly available data from Freedom to Marry, Inc. We estimated ordered logistic regression models in a 4-level framework to assess the impact of states' legal stances toward same-sex marriage on self-assessed health. Results. Our findings indicated, relative to states with antigay constitutional amendments, that same-sex couples living in states with legally sanctioned marriage reported higher levels of self-assessed health. Conclusions. Our findings suggested that full legal recognition of same-sex relationships through marriage might be an important legal and policy strategy for improving the health of same-sex couples. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  cross-sectional study;  female;  government;  health status;  human;  lesbianism;  male;  male homosexuality;  marriage;  trends;  United States, Adult;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Health Status;  Homosexuality, Female;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Marriage;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302589_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: When advocacy obscures accuracy online: Digital pandemics of public health misinformation through an antifluoride case study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Seymour, B.
Author-Name: Getman, R.
Author-Name: Saraf, A.
Author-Name: Zhang, L.H.
Author-Name: Kalenderian, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 517-523
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437
Abstract: Objectives. In an antifluoridation case study, we explored digital pandemics and the social spread of scientifically inaccurate health information across the Web, and we considered the potential health effects.
Keywords: adverse effects;  consumer advocacy;  fluoridation;  health services research;  human;  Internet;  interpersonal communication;  organization and management;  social media;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States, Communication;  Consumer Advocacy;  Fluoridation;  Humans;  Internet;  Organizational Case Studies;  Social Media;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Practice-based research priorities for palliative care: Results from a research-to-practice consensus workshop
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pillemer, K.
Author-Name: Chen, E.K.
Author-Name: Riffin, C.
Author-Name: Prigerson, H.
Author-Name: Schultz, L.
Author-Name: Reid, M.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2237-2244
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302675
Abstract: We employed the research-to-practice consensus workshop (RTP; workshops held in New York City and Tompkins County, New York, in 2013) model to merge researcher and practitioner views of translational research priorities in palliative care. In the RTP approach, a diverse group of frontline providers generates a research agenda for palliative care in collaboration with researchers. We have presented the major workshop recommendations and contrasted the practice based research priorities with those of previous consensus efforts. We uncovered notable differences and found that the RTP model can produce unique insights into research priorities. Integrating practitioner-identified needs into research priorities for palliative care can contribute to addressing palliative care more effectively as a public health issue.
Keywords: clinical competence;  health services research;  human;  interpersonal communication;  New York;  organization and management;  palliative therapy;  personnel;  public relations;  standards;  translational research;  United States, Clinical Competence;  Communication;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  New York;  Palliative Care;  Research Personnel;  Translational Medical Research;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302675_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The enduring effects of smoking in Latin America
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Palloni, A.
Author-Name: Novak, B.
Author-Name: Pinto-Aguirre, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1246-1253
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302420
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302420
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated smoking-attributable mortality, assessed the impact of past smoking on recent mortality, and computed expected future losses in life expectancy caused by past and current smoking behavior in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We used a regression-based procedure to estimate smoking-attributable mortality and information for 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay) for the years 1980 through 2009 contained in the Latin American Mortality Database (LAMBdA). These countries jointly comprise more than two thirds of the adult population in Latin America and the Caribbean and have the region's highest rates of smoking prevalence. Results. During the last 10 years, the impact of smoking was equivalent to losses in male (aged ≥50 years) life expectancy of about 2 to 6 years. These effects are likely to increase, particularly for females, both in the study countries and in those that joined the epidemic at later dates. Conclusions. Unless innovations in the detection and treatment of chronic diseases are introduced soon, continued gains in adult survival in Latin America and the Caribbean region may slow down considerably. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  human;  life expectancy;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  prevalence;  smoking;  South and Central America;  statistical model, Female;  Humans;  Latin America;  Life Expectancy;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Models, Statistical;  Prevalence;  Smoking
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302420_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial and ethnic disparities in services and the patient protection and affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Abdus, S.
Author-Name: Mistry, K.B.
Author-Name: Selden, T.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S668-S675
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302892
Abstract: Objectives: We examined prereform patterns in insurance coverage, access to care, and preventive services use by race/ethnicity in adults targeted by the coverage expansions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: We used pre-ACA household data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to identify groups targeted by the coverage provisions of the Act (Medicaid expansions and subsidized Marketplace coverage). We examined racial/ethnic differences in coverage, access to care, and preventive service use, across and within ACA relevant subgroups from 2005 to 2010. The study took place at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in Rockville, Maryland. Results: Minorities were disproportionately represented among those targeted by the coverage provisions of the ACA. Targeted groups had lower rates of coverage, access to care, and preventive services use, and racial/ethnic disparities were, in some cases, widest within these targeted groups. Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the opportunity of the ACA to not only to improve coverage, access, and use for all racial/ethnic groups, but also to narrow racial/ethnic disparities in these outcomes. Our results might have particular importance for states that are deciding whether to implement the ACA Medicaid expansions.
Keywords: adult;  ancestry group;  ethnic group;  female;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  Maryland;  medicaid;  middle aged;  patient care;  preventive health service;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Health Insurance Exchanges;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Male;  Maryland;  Medicaid;  Middle Aged;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Patient-Centered Care;  Preventive Health Services;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302892_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The supplemental nutrition assistance program, food insecurity, dietary quality, and obesity among US adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, B.T.
Author-Name: Shuval, K.
Author-Name: Bertmann, F.
Author-Name: Yaroch, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1453-1459
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302580
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302580
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation changes associations between food insecurity, dietary quality, and weight among US adults. Methods. We analyzed adult dietary intake data (n = 8333) from the 2003 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bivariate and multivariable methods assessed associations of SNAP participation and 4 levels of food security with diet and weight. Measures of dietary quality were the Healthy Eating Index 2010, total caloric intake, empty calories, and solid fat; weight measures were body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. Results. SNAP participants with marginal food security had lower BMI (1.83 kg/m2; P < .01) and lower probability of obesity (9 percentage points; P < .05). SNAP participants with marginal (3.46 points; P < .01), low (1.98 points; P < .05), and very low (3.84 points; P < .01) food security had better diets, as illustrated by the Healthy Eating Index. Associations between SNAP participation and improved diet and weight were stronger among Whites than Blacks and Hispanics. Conclusions. Our research highlights the role of SNAP in helping individuals who are at risk for food insecurity to obtain a healthier diet and better weight status.
Keywords: body mass;  catering service;  cross-sectional study;  diet;  female;  food assistance;  human;  male;  middle aged;  nutrition;  obesity;  socioeconomics;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Body Mass Index;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Diet;  Female;  Food Assistance;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nutrition Surveys;  Obesity;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302580_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Maternal allostatic load, caretaking behaviors, and child dental caries experience: A cross-sectional evaluation of linked mother-child data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Masterson, E.E.
Author-Name: Sabbah, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2306-2311
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302729
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the associations between chronic maternal stress measured by allostatic load (AL), maternal caretaking behaviors, and child dental caries experience. We also assessed the role of socioeconomic status in these associations. Methods. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). We included children aged 2 to 6 years who linked to a maternal record (n = 716 maternal-child pairs). The main exposure was maternal AL index (0, 1, or ≥ 2). The primary outcome of interest was child dental caries experience (none or any). We evaluated the association between maternal AL and (1) maternal caretaking behaviors, and (2) child caries status and the role of socioeconomic status in these relationships. Results. Children of mothers with an AL index of at least 2 were significantly more likely to have not been breastfed and to have dental caries than were children of mothers with a normal AL before adjusting for measures of socioeconomic status. Conclusions. Maternal chronic stress, indicated by elevation in markers of AL, has an important role in child caretaking behaviors and in children's oral health.
Keywords: biological marker;  C reactive protein;  glucose blood level;  lipid, adult;  blood;  breast feeding;  child;  cross-sectional study;  dental caries;  female;  glucose blood level;  human;  male;  maternal behavior;  mental stress;  mother;  mother child relation;  nutrition;  preschool child;  psychology;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  waist circumference, Adult;  Biomarkers;  Blood Glucose;  Breast Feeding;  C-Reactive Protein;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Dental Caries;  Female;  Humans;  Lipids;  Male;  Maternal Behavior;  Mother-Child Relations;  Mothers;  Nutrition Surveys;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Stress, Psychological;  Waist Circumference
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302729_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Investing in justice: Ethics, evidence, and the eradication investment cases for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bailey, T.C.
Author-Name: Merritt, M.W.
Author-Name: Tediosi, F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 629-636
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302454
Abstract: It has been suggested that initiatives to eradicate specific communicable diseases need to be informed by eradication investment cases to assess the feasibility, costs, and consequences of eradication compared with elimination or control. A methodological challenge of eradication investment cases is how to account for the ethical importance of the benefits, burdens, and distributions thereof that are salient in people's experiences of the diseases and related interventions but are not assessed in traditional approaches to health and economic evaluation. We have offered a method of ethical analysis grounded in theories of social justice. We have described the method and its philosophical rationale and illustrated its use in application to eradication investment cases for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, 2 neglected tropical diseases that are candidates for eradication. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: disease eradication;  economics;  Elephantiasis, Filarial;  ethics;  health disparity;  health survey;  human;  onchocerciasis;  procedures;  social justice, Disease Eradication;  Elephantiasis, Filarial;  Ethical Analysis;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Onchocerciasis;  Public Health Surveillance;  Social Justice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302454_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Drinking patterns in US counties from 2002 to 2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dwyer-Lindgren, L.
Author-Name: Flaxman, A.D.
Author-Name: Ng, M.
Author-Name: Hansen, G.M.
Author-Name: Murray, C.J.L.
Author-Name: Mokdad, A.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1120-1127
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302313
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of any drinking and binge drinking from 2002 to 2012 and heavy drinking from 2005 to 2012 in every US county. Methods. We applied small area models to Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. These models incorporated spatial and temporal smoothing and explicitly accounted for methodological changes to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System during this period. Results. We found large differences between counties in all measures of alcohol use: in 2012, any drinking prevalence ranged from 11.0% to 78.7%, heavy drinking prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 22.4%, and binge drinking prevalence ranged from 5.9% to 36.0%. Moreover, there was wide variation in the proportion of all drinkers who engaged in heavy or binge drinking. Heavy and binge drinking prevalence increased in most counties between 2005 and 2012, but the magnitude of change varied considerably. Conclusions. There are large differences within the United States in levels and recent trends in alcohol use. These estimates should be used as an aid in designing and implementing targeted interventions and to monitor progress toward reducing the burden of excessive alcohol use. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  child;  drinking behavior;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  middle aged;  prevalence;  United States;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  Child;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Population Surveillance;  Prevalence;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302313_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increasing disparities in breast cancer mortality from 1979 to 2010 for US black women aged 20 to 49 years
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McCarthy, A.M.
Author-Name: Yang, J.
Author-Name: Armstrong, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S446-S448
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302297
Abstract: Racial disparities in breast cancer mortality persist, and young Black women have higher disease incidence compared with White women. We compared trends in breast cancer mortality for young Black and White women with mortality trends for other common diseases from 1979 to 2010. In contrast to other cancers, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, the breast cancer mortality disparity has widened over the past 30 years, suggesting that unique aspects of disease biology, prevention, and treatment may explain persistent racial differences for young women.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  breast tumor;  Caucasian;  cause of death;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health disparity;  human;  middle aged;  mortality;  trends;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Breast Neoplasms;  Cause of Death;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Mortality;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302297_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Images of a healthy worksite: A group-randomized trial for worksite weight gain prevention with employee participation in intervention design
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fernandez, I.D.
Author-Name: Chin, N.P.
Author-Name: Devine, C.M.
Author-Name: Dozier, A.M.
Author-Name: Martina, C.A.
Author-Name: McIntosh, S.
Author-Name: Thevenet-Morrison, K.
Author-Name: Yang, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2167-2174
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302397
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the effects of a worksite multiple-component intervention addressing diet and physical activity on employees' mean body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of employees who were overweight or obese. Methods. This group-randomized trial (n = 3799) was conducted at 10 worksites in the northeastern United States. Worksites were paired and allocated into intervention and control conditions. Within- and between-groups changes in mean BMIs and in the percentage of overweight or obese employees were examined in a volunteer sample. Results. Within-group mean BMIs decreased by 0.54 kilograms per meter squared (P=.02) and 0.12 kilograms per meter squared (P=.73) at the intervention and control worksites, respectively, resulting in a difference in differences (DID) decrease of 0.42 kilograms per meter squared (P=.33). The within-group percentage of overweight or obese employees decreased by 3.7% (P=.07) at the intervention worksites and increased by 4.9% (P=.1) at the control worksites, resulting in a DID decline of 8.6% (P=.02). Conclusions. Our findings support a worksite population strategy that might eventually reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity by minimizing environmental exposures to calorically dense foods and increasing exposures to opportunities for energy expenditure within worksite settings.
Keywords: clinical trial;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  female;  health promotion;  human;  male;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  obesity;  occupational health service;  organization and management;  Overweight;  qualitative research;  randomized controlled trial;  United States;  weight gain;  workplace, Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New England;  Obesity;  Occupational Health Services;  Overweight;  Qualitative Research;  Weight Gain;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302397_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Carpenter et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carpenter, C.R.
Author-Name: Neta, G.
Author-Name: Glasgow, R.E.
Author-Name: Rabin, B.A.
Author-Name: Brownson, R.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302606
Keywords: human;  organization and management;  research;  verbal communication, Humans;  Narration;  Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302606_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Life expectancy and education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dowd, J.B.
Author-Name: Hamoudi, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302320
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302320_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Some urgent social claims
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dock, L.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 274-275
Keywords: history;  history of medicine;  politics;  United States;  women's rights, History of Nursing;  History, 20th Century;  Politics;  United States;  Women's Rights
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2015:105:2:274-275_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: John H. Landis (1860-1918): Devoted health officer of Cincinnati
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e48
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302658
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302658
Keywords: history;  human;  Ohio;  public health;  public health service, History, 19th Century;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Ohio;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302658_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Errratum: Industry actors, think tanks, and alcohol policy in the United Kingdom (American Public Health Association Inc. (2014) 104:8 (1363-1369))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Awkins, B.
Author-Name: McCambridge, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301858e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301858e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301858e_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Fast-food fights: News coverage of local efforts to improve food environments through land-use regulations 2000-2013 (Am J Public Health (2015) 105, (490-496) DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.30236)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nixon, L.
Author-Name: Mejia, P.
Author-Name: Dorfman, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368e_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Convenience sampling of children presenting to hospital-based outpatient clinics to estimate childhood obesity levels in local surroundings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gilliland, J.
Author-Name: Clark, A.F.
Author-Name: Kobrzynski, M.
Author-Name: Filler, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1332-1335
Abstract: Childhood obesity is a critical public health matter associated with numerous pediatric comorbidities. Local-level data are required to monitor obesity and to help administer prevention efforts when and where they are most needed. We hypothesized that samples of children visiting hospital clinics could provide representative local population estimates of childhood obesity using data from 2007 to 2013. Such data might provide more accurate, timely, and cost-effective obesity estimates than national surveys. Results revealed that our hospital-based sample could not serve as a population surrogate. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  body mass;  Canada;  child;  human;  income;  outpatient department;  Pediatric Obesity;  preschool child;  school health service;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Body Mass Index;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Humans;  Income;  Ontario;  Pediatric Obesity;  Sampling Studies;  School Health Services;  Sex Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2015:105:7:1332-1335_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health among Black children by maternal and child nativity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hendi, A.S.
Author-Name: Mehta, N.K.
Author-Name: Elo, I.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 703-710
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302343
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302343
Abstract: Objectives. We examined 5 health outcomes among Black children born to US-born and foreign-born mothers and whether differences by mother's region of birth could be explained by maternal duration of US residence, child's place of birth, and familial sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. Data were from the 2000-2011 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined 3 groups of children, based on mother's region of birth: US origin, African origin, and Latin American or Caribbean origin. We estimated multivariate regression models. Results. Children of foreign-born mothers were healthier across all 5 outcomes than were children of US-born mothers. Among children of foreign-born mothers, US-born children performed worse on all health outcomes than children born abroad. African-origin children had the most favorable health profile. Longer duration of US residence among foreign-born mothers was associated with poorer child health. Maternal educational attainment and other sociodemographic characteristics did little to explain these differences. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to understand the role of selective migration and the behavioral, cultural, socioeconomic, and contextual origins of the health advantage of Black children of foreign-born mothers. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc.
Keywords: adolescent;  Africa;  African American;  Caribbean;  child;  demography;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health status;  health survey;  human;  male;  migrant;  mother;  preschool child;  socioeconomics;  South and Central America;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Africa;  African Americans;  Caribbean Region;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Health Status;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Latin America;  Male;  Mothers;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302343_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Syrian and Iraqi refugees: A palestinian perspective
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Giacaman, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2406-2407
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302922
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302922
Keywords: Arab;  human;  Iraq;  psychology;  public health;  refugee;  social justice;  Syrian Arab Republic, Arabs;  Humans;  Iraq;  Public Health;  Refugees;  Social Justice;  Syria
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302922_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Asian American women in California: A pooled analysis of predictors for breast and cervical cancer screening
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chawla, N.
Author-Name: Breen, N.
Author-Name: Liu, B.
Author-Name: Lee, R.
Author-Name: Kagawa-Singer, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e98-e109
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302250
Abstract: Objectives. We examined patterns of cervical and breast cancer screening among Asian American women in California and assessed their screening trends over time. Methods. We pooled weighted data from 5 cycles of the California Health Interview Survey (2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009) to examine breast and cervical cancer screening trends and predictors among 6 Asian nationalities. We calculated descriptive statistics, bivariate associations, multivariate logistic regressions, predictive margins, and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Multivariate analyses indicated that Papanicolaou test rates did not significantly change over time (77.9% in 2001 vs 81.2% in 2007), but mammography receipt increased among Asian American women overall (75.6% in 2001 vs 81.8% in 2009). Length of time in the United States was associated with increased breast and cervical cancer screening among all nationalities. Sociodemographic and health care access factors had varied effects, with education and insurance coverage significantly predicting screening for certain groups. Overall, we observed striking variation by nationality. Conclusions. Our results underscore the need for intervention and policy efforts that are targeted to specific Asian nationalities, recent immigrants, and individuals without health care access to increase screening rates among Asian women in California.
Keywords: adult;  age;  aged;  Asian American;  Breast Neoplasms;  China;  early diagnosis;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health care survey;  human;  Japan;  mammography;  middle aged;  Papanicolaou test;  South Korea;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  young adult, Adult;  Age Factors;  Aged;  Asian Americans;  Breast Neoplasms;  California;  China;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Health Care Surveys;  Humans;  Japan;  Mammography;  Middle Aged;  Papanicolaou Test;  Republic of Korea;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302250_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The collateral damage of mass incarceration: Risk of psychiatric morbidity among nonincarcerated residents of high-incarceration neighborhoods
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hatzenbuehler, M.L.
Author-Name: Keyes, K.
Author-Name: Hamilton, A.
Author-Name: Uddin, M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 138-143
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302184
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302184
Abstract: Objectives: We examined whether residence in neighborhoods with high levels of incarceration is associated with psychiatric morbidity among nonincarcerated community members. Methods: We linked zip code-linked information on neighborhood prison admissions rates to individual-level data on mental health from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (2008-2012), a prospective probability sample of predominantly Black individuals. Results: Controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors, individuals living in neighborhoods with high prison admission rates were more likely to meet criteria for a current (odds ratio [OR] =2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 5.5) and lifetime (OR= 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4, 4.6) major depressive disorder across the 3 waves of follow-up as well as current (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0, 4.2) and lifetime (OR =2.3; 95% CI = 1.2, 4.5) generalized anxiety disorder than were individuals living in neighborhoods with low prison admission rates. These relationships between neighborhood-level incarceration and mental health were comparable for individuals with and without a personal history of incarceration. Conclusions: Incarceration may exert collateral damage on the mental health of individuals living in high-incarceration neighborhoods, suggesting that the public mental health impact of mass incarceration extends beyond those who are incarcerated.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302184_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Stroke in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Harris, R.
Author-Name: Nelson, L.A.
Author-Name: Muller, C.
Author-Name: Buchwald, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e16-e26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302698
Abstract: We conducted a systematic review of published studies on stroke epidemiology in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). We used MeSH terms and strict inclusion criteria to search PubMed, identifying a relevant sample of 57 refereed publications. We report a consensus view in which prevalent stroke is more common, and estimates of cerebrovascular risk factors are higher, among AI/ANs than among other US populations. Like other minority groups, AI/ANs suffer stroke at younger ages than do non-Hispanic Whites. However, data on AI/AN stroke mortality are significantly compromised by racial misclassification and nonrepresentative sampling. Studies correcting for these problems have found that stroke mortality rates among AI/ANs are among the highest of all US racial and ethnic groups. As with Black and non-Hispanic White stroke mortality, AI/AN stroke mortality varies by geographic region, with the highest rates in Alaska and the Northwest and the lowest in the Southwest. Our results underscore the need for a concerted national effort to collect accurate cross-sectional and longitudinal data on stroke in AI/ANs. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Alaska;  American Indian;  Canada;  ethnology;  female;  human;  incidence;  male;  mortality;  prevalence;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  Stroke;  United States, Alaska;  Canada;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Indians, North American;  Male;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Stroke;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302698_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Risk of cigarette smoking initiation during adolescence among US-born and non - US-born Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Parrinello, C.M.
Author-Name: Isasi, C.R.
Author-Name: Xue, X.
Author-Name: Bandiera, F.C.
Author-Name: Cai, J.
Author-Name: Lee, D.J.
Author-Name: Navas-Nacher, E.L.
Author-Name: Perreira, K.M.
Author-Name: Salgado, H.
Author-Name: Kaplan, R.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1230-1236
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302155
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed risk of cigarette smoking initiation among Hispanics/Latinos during adolescence by migration status and gender. Methods. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) surveyed persons aged 18 to 74 years in 2008 to 2011. Our cohort analysis (n = 2801 US-born, 13 200 non-US-born) reconstructed participants' adolescence from 10 to 18 years of age. We assessed the association between migration status and length of US residence and risk of cigarette smoking initiation during adolescence, along with effects of gender and Hispanic/Latino background. Results. Among individuals who migrated by 18 years of age, median age and year of arrival were 13 years and 1980, respectively. Among women, but not men, risk of smoking initiation during adolescence was higher among the US-born (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73, 2.57; P < .001), and those who had resided in the United States for 2 or more years (HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.96; P = .01) than among persons who lived outside the United States. Conclusions. Research examining why some adolescents begin smoking after moving to the United States could inform targeted interventions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  aged;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  middle aged;  psychology;  risk;  smoking;  United States, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Aged;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk;  Smoking;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302155_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The value of the system in public health services and systems research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Thomas, C.W.
Author-Name: Corso, L.
Author-Name: Monroe, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S147-S149
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302625
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302625
Keywords: health services research;  health status;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  system analysis;  United States, Health Services Research;  Health Status;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302625_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enforcement provisions of indoor tanning bans for minors: An analysis of the first 6 US states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bulger, A.L.
Author-Name: Mayer, J.E.
Author-Name: Gershenwald, J.E.
Author-Name: Guild, S.R.
Author-Name: Gottlieb, M.A.
Author-Name: Geller, A.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e10-e12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302684
Abstract: Several states have passed legislation banning minors from indoor tanning; however, concern has been raised regarding enforcement. We explored the statutes pertaining to enforcement in the first 6 US states to pass legislation banning minors younger than 18 years from indoor tanning. The findings reflect significant variability in enforcement provisions across the 6 states. Further investigations are needed to determine whether the statutes are successful in curbing indoor tanning among youths and ultimately whether indoor tanning bans among minors help to reduce skin cancer incidence. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  California;  child;  government;  human;  Illinois;  law enforcement;  legislation and jurisprudence;  minor (person);  Nevada;  Oregon;  procedures;  sunbathing;  Texas;  United States;  Vermont, Adolescent;  California;  Child;  Humans;  Illinois;  Law Enforcement;  Minors;  Nevada;  Oregon;  State Government;  Sunbathing;  Texas;  United States;  Vermont
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302684_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Coevolution of information sharing and implementation of evidence-based practices among North American tobacco cessation quitlines
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mercken, L.
Author-Name: Saul, J.E.
Author-Name: Lemaire, R.H.
Author-Name: Valente, T.W.
Author-Name: Leischow, S.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1814-1822
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302627
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the coevolution of information sharing and implementation of evidence-based practices among US and Canadian tobacco cessation quitlines within the North American Quitline Consortium (NAQC). Methods. Web-based surveys were used to collect data from key respondents representing each of 74 participating funders of NAQC quitlines during the summer and fall of 2009, 2010, and 2011. We used stochastic actor-based models to estimate changes in information sharing and practice implementation in the NAQC network. Results. Funders were more likely to share information within their own country and with funders that contracted with the same service provider. Funders contracting with larger service providers shared less information but implemented significantly more practices. Funders connected to larger numbers of tobacco control researchers more often received information from other funders. Intensity of ties to the NAQC network administrative organization did not influence funders' decisions to share information or implement practices. Conclusions. Our findings show the importance of monitoring the NAQC network over time. We recommend increased cross-border information sharing and sharing of information between funders contracting with different and smaller service providers.
Keywords: Canada;  evidence based practice;  human;  information dissemination;  information processing;  longitudinal study;  public relations;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  telephone;  United States, Canada;  Data Collection;  Evidence-Based Practice;  Hotlines;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Longitudinal Studies;  Smoking Cessation;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302627_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: E-cigarettes may impair ability to quit, but other explanations are possible
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Donzelli, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302813
Keywords: electronic cigarette;  female;  human;  male;  smoking cessation;  utilization, Electronic Cigarettes;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Smoking Cessation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302813_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Flu near you: Crowdsourced symptom reporting spanning 2 influenza seasons
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Smolinski, M.S.
Author-Name: Crawley, A.W.
Author-Name: Baltrusaitis, K.
Author-Name: Chunara, R.
Author-Name: Olsen, J.M.
Author-Name: Wójcik, O.
Author-Name: Santillana, M.
Author-Name: Nguyen, A.
Author-Name: Brownstein, J.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2124-2130
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302696
Abstract: Objectives. We summarized Flu Near You (FNY) data from the 2012?2013 and 2013?2014 influenza seasons in the United States. Methods. FNY collects limited demographic characteristic information upon registration, and prompts users each Monday to report symptoms of influenzalike illness (ILI) experienced during the previous week. We calculated the descriptive statistics and rates of ILI for the 2012?2013 and 2013?2014 seasons. We compared raw and noise-filtered ILI rates with ILI rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ILINet surveillance system. Results. More than 61 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2012?2013 season, totaling 327 773 reports. Nearly 40 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2013?2014 season, totaling 336 933 reports. Rates of ILI as reported by FNY tracked closely with ILINet in both timing and magnitude. Conclusions. With increased participation, FNY has the potential to serve as a viable complement to existing outpatient, hospital-based, and laboratory surveillance systems. Although many established systems have the benefits of specificity and credibility, participatory systems offer advantages in the areas of speed, sensitivity, and scalability.
Keywords: computer interface;  crowdsourcing;  female;  health survey;  human;  Influenza, Human;  Internet;  male;  United States, Crowdsourcing;  Female;  Humans;  Influenza, Human;  Internet;  Male;  Population Surveillance;  United States;  User-Computer Interface
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302696_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Montana radon study: Social marketing via digital signage technology for reaching families in the waiting room
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Larsson, L.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 779-785
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302060
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302060
Abstract: Objectives. I tested a social marketing intervention delivered in health department waiting rooms via digital signage technology for increasing radon program participation among priority groups. Methods. I conducted a tri-county, community-based study over a 3-year period (2010-2013) in a high-radon state by using a quasi-experimental design. We collected survey data for eligible participants at the time of radon test kit purchase. Results. Radon program participation increased at the intervention site ( t38 = 3.74; P = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8, 16.0) with an increase in renters (χ21,228 = 4.3; P = .039), Special Supplementary Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children families (χ21,166 = 3.13; P = .077) and first-time testers (χ21,228 = 10.93; P = .001). Approximately one third (30.3%; n = 30) attributed participation in the radon program to viewing the interventionmessage. The intervention crossover was also successful with increased monthly kit sales (t37 = 2.69; P = .01; 95% CI = 1.20, 8.47) and increased households participating (t23 = 4.76; P &lt; .001; 95% CI = 3.10, 7.88). Conclusions. A social marketing message was an effective population-based intervention for increasing radon program participation. The results prompted policy changes for Montana radon programming and adoption of digital signage technology by 2 health departments. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: radon, adult;  clinical trial;  crossover procedure;  female;  health promotion;  human;  male;  middle aged;  Montana;  outpatient department;  procedures;  public health;  social marketing;  socioeconomics, Adult;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Cross-Over Studies;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Montana;  Public Health;  Radon;  Social Marketing;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302060_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Suicide ideation and bullying among US adolescents: Examining the intersections of sexual orientation, gender, and race/ethnicity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mueller, A.S.
Author-Name: James, W.
Author-Name: Abrutyn, S.
Author-Name: Levin, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 981-985
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302391
Abstract: Objectives: We examined how race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation shape adolescents' likelihood of being bullied and vulnerability to suicide ideation. Methods: We analyzed pooled data from the 2009 and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n=75344) to assess race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation variation in being bullied and suicide ideation. Results: White and Hispanic gay and bisexual males, White lesbian and bisexual females, and Hispanic bisexual females were more likely to be bullied than were White heterosexual adolescents. Black lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths' vulnerability to being bullied was not significantly different from that of White heterosexual youths. Black and Hispanic heterosexual youths were less likely to be bullied than were White heterosexual youths. Despite differences in the likelihood of being bullied, sexual minority youths were more likely to report suicide ideation, regardless of their race/ethnicity, their gender, or whether they have been bullied. Conclusions: Future research should examine how adolescents' intersecting identities shape their experience of victimization and suicidality. School personnel should develop antibullying and antihomophobia policies in response to the disproportionate risk of being bullied and reporting suicidality among sexual minority youths.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  ancestry group;  bullying;  epidemiology;  ethnic group;  health survey;  human;  sex difference;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  suicidal ideation;  suicide;  United States, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Bullying;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Sex Factors;  Sexual Behavior;  Suicidal Ideation;  Suicide;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302391_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community water fluoridation and intelligence: Prospective study in New Zealand
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Broadbent, J.M.
Author-Name: Thomson, W.M.
Author-Name: Ramrakha, S.
Author-Name: Moffitt, T.E.
Author-Name: Zeng, J.
Author-Name: Page, L.A.F.
Author-Name: Poulton, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 72-76
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301857
Abstract: Objectives. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between community water fluoridation (CWF) and IQ. Methods. We conducted a prospective study of a general population sample of those born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 30, 1973 (95.4% retention of cohort after 38 years of prospective follow-up). Residence in a CWF area, use of fluoride dentifrice and intake of 0.5-milligram fluoride tablets were assessed in early life (prior to age 5 years); we assessed IQ repeatedly between ages 7 to 13 years and at age 38 years. Results. No clear differences in IQ because of fluoride exposure were noted. These findings held after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and birth weight (as well as educational attainment for adult IQ outcomes). Conclusions. These findings do not support the assertion that fluoride in the context of CWF programs is neurotoxic. Associations between very high fluoride exposure and low IQ reported in previous studies may have been affected by confounding, particularly by urban or rural status.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301857_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Contextual uncertainties, human mobility, and perceived food environment: The uncertain geographic context problem in food access research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chen, X.
Author-Name: Kwan, M.-P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1734-1737
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302792
Abstract: We examined the uncertainty of the contextual influenceson foodaccess through an analytic framework of the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). We first examined the compounding effects of two kinds of spatiotemporal uncertainties on people's everyday efforts to procure food and then outlined three key dimensions (food access in real time, temporality of the food environment, and perceived nutrition environment) in which research on food access must improve to better represent the contributing environmental influences that operate at the individual level. Guidelines to address the UGCoP in future food access research are provided to account for the multidimensional influences of the food environmentondietarybehaviors.
Keywords: catering service;  diet;  environment;  human;  organization and management;  research;  spatiotemporal analysis;  uncertainty, Diet;  Environment;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Research;  Spatio-Temporal Analysis;  Uncertainty
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302792_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Firearm prevalence and homicides of law enforcement officers in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Swedler, D.I.
Author-Name: Simmons, M.M.
Author-Name: Dominici, F.
Author-Name: Hemenway, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2042-2048
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302749
Abstract: Objectives. In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates. Methods. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state as the number of officers killed per number of LEOs per state, obtained from another FBI database. We obtained the mean household firearm ownership for each state from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. Using Poisson regression and controlling for factors known to affect homicide rates, we associated firearm ownership with the homicide rates for LEOs (incidence rate ratio = 1.044; P = .005); our results were supported by cross-sectional and longitudinal sensitivity analyses. LEO homicide rates were 3 times higher in states with high firearm ownership compared with states with low firearm ownership. Conclusions. High public gun ownership is a risk for occupational mortality for LEOs in the United States. States could consider methods for reducing firearm ownership as away to reduce occupational deaths of LEOs.
Keywords: adult;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  epidemiology;  female;  firearm;  gunshot injury;  homicide;  human;  law enforcement;  male;  mortality;  organization and management;  prevalence;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Female;  Firearms;  Homicide;  Humans;  Law Enforcement;  Male;  Ownership;  Prevalence;  United States;  Wounds, Gunshot
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302749_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of systems change and use of electronic health records on quit rates among tobacco users in a public hospital system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Moody-Thomas, S.
Author-Name: Nasuti, L.
Author-Name: Yi, Y.
Author-Name: Celestin, M.D., Jr.
Author-Name: Horswell, R.
Author-Name: Land, T.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e1-e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302274
Abstract: Objectives: We examined electronic health records (EHRs) to assess the impact of systems change on tobacco use screening, treatment, and quit rates among low-income primary care patients in Louisiana.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  clinical protocol;  clinical trial;  electronic medical record;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  integrated health care system;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  organization and management;  poverty;  prevalence;  primary health care;  procedures;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  therapy;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Clinical Protocols;  Delivery of Health Care, Integrated;  Electronic Health Records;  Female;  Humans;  Louisiana;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Poverty;  Prevalence;  Primary Health Care;  Public Sector;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302274_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Contribution of HIV to maternal morbidity among refugee women in Canada
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wanigaratne, S.
Author-Name: Cole, D.C.
Author-Name: Bassil, K.
Author-Name: Hyman, I.
Author-Name: Moineddin, R.
Author-Name: Urquia, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2449-2456
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302886
Abstract: Objectives. We compared severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and SMM subtypes, including HIV, of refugee women with those of non refugee immigrant and nonimmigrant women. Methods. We linked 1 154 421 Ontario hospital deliveries (2002-2011) to immigration records (1985-2010) to determine the incidence of an SMM composite indicator and its subtypes. We determined SMM incidence according to immigration periods, which were characterized by lifting restrictions for all HIV-positive immigrants (in 1991) and refugees who may place "excessive demand" on government services (in 2002). Results. Refugees had a higher risk of SMM (17.1 per 1000 deliveries) than did immigrants (12.1 per 1000) and nonimmigrants (12.4 per 1000). Among SMM subtypes, refugees had a much higher risk of HIV than did immigrants (risk ratio [RR] = 7.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.64, 11.18) and nonimmigrants (RR = 17.37; 95% CI = 12.83, 23.53). SMM disparities were greatest after the 2002 policy came into effect. After exclusion of HIV cases, SMM disparities disappeared. Conclusions. An apparent higher risk of SMM among refugee women in Ontario, Canada is explained by their high prevalence of HIV, which increased over time parallel to admission policy changes favoring humanitarian protection.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  complication;  female;  health disparity;  HIV Infections;  human;  migrant;  Ontario;  parity;  pregnancy;  Pregnancy Complications, Infectious;  refugee;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Ontario;  Parity;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Complications, Infectious;  Refugees;  Risk Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302886_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hall, W.J.
Author-Name: Chapman, M.V.
Author-Name: Lee, K.M.
Author-Name: Merino, Y.M.
Author-Name: Thomas, T.W.
Author-Name: Payne, B.K.
Author-Name: Eng, E.
Author-Name: Day, S.H.
Author-Name: Coyne-Beasley, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e60-e76
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903
Abstract: Background. In the United States, people of color face disparities in access to health care, the quality of care received, and health outcomes. The attitudes and behaviors of health care providers have been identified as one of many factors that contribute to health disparities. Implicit attitudes are thoughts and feelings that often exist outside of conscious awareness, and thus are difficult to consciously acknowledge and control. These attitudes are often automatically activated and can influence human behavior without conscious volition. Objectives. We investigated the extent to which implicit racial/ethnic bias exists among health care professionals and examined the relationships between health care professionals' implicit attitudes about racial/ethnic groups and health care outcomes. Search Methods. To identify relevant studies, we searched 10 computerized bibliographic databases and used a reference harvesting technique. Selection Criteria. We assessed eligibility using double independent screening based on a priori inclusion criteria. We included studies if they sampled existing health care providers or those in training to become health care providers, measured and reported results on implicit racial/ethnic bias, and were written in English. Data Collection and Analysis. We included a total of 15 studies for review and then subjected them to double independent data extraction. Information extracted included the citation, purpose ofthe study,useof theory, study design, study site and location, sampling strategy, response rate, sample size and characteristics, measurement of relevant variables, analyses performed, and results and findings.We summarized study design characteristics, and categorized and then synthesized substantive findings. Main Results. Almostall studies used cross-sectional designs, convenience sampling, US participants, and the Implicit Association Test to assess implicit bias. Low to moderate levels of implicit racial/ethnic bias were found among health care professionals in all but 1 study. These implicit bias scores are similar to those in the general population. Levels of implicit bias against Black, Hispanic/Latino/Latina, and dark-skinned people were relatively similar across these groups. Although some associations between implicit bias and health care outcomes were non significant, results also showed that implicit bias was significantly related to patient-provider interactions, treatment decisions, treatment adherence, and patient health outcomes. Implicit attitudes were more often significantly related to patient- provider interactions and health outcomes than treatment processes. Conclusions. Most health care providers appear to have implicit bias in terms of positive attitudes toward Whites and negative attitudes toward people of color. Future studies need to employ more rigorous methods to examine the relationships between implicit bias and health care outcomes. Interventions targeting implicit attitudes among health care professionals are needed because implicit bias may contribute to health disparities for people of color.
Keywords: health care disparity;  health care personnel;  health personnel attitude;  human;  psychology;  racism;  treatment outcome, Attitude of Health Personnel;  Health Personnel;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Racism;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The case for the world health organization's commission on social determinants of health to address gender identity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pega, F.
Author-Name: Veale, J.F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e58-e62
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302373
Abstract: Weanalyzedthecaseof the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health, which did not address gender identity in their final report.
Keywords: gender identity;  health care policy;  health disparity;  human;  human rights;  social determinants of health;  social stigma;  world health organization, Gender Identity;  Health Policy;  Health Status Disparities;  Human Rights;  Humans;  Social Determinants of Health;  Social Stigma;  World Health Organization
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302373_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Severe physical violence and black women's health and well-being
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lacey, K.K.
Author-Name: Sears, K.P.
Author-Name: Matusko, N.
Author-Name: Jackson, J.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 719-724
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301886
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the association between intimate partner violence and the mental and physical health status of US Caribbean Black and African American women. Methods. We used 2001 to 2003 cross-sectional data from the National Survey of American Life-the most detailed study to date of physical and mental health disorders of Americans of African descent. We assessed participants' health conditions by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (Washington, DC; American Psychological Association) Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. We found differences in health conditions between abused African American and Caribbean Black women. There were increased risks for lifetime dysthymia, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and poor perceived health for African American victims of partner abuse, and binge eating disorder was associated with partner violence among Caribbean Black women. Conclusions. Severe intimate partner violence was associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes for US Black women, with different patterns between African American and Caribbean Blacks. Understanding intimate partner violence experiences of US Black women requires recognition of key intragroup differences, including nativity and immigrant status, and their differential relationships to women's health. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  aged;  cross-sectional study;  ethnology;  female;  health status;  human;  mental health;  middle aged;  partner violence;  psychology;  socioeconomics;  women's health;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  Aged;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Health Status;  Humans;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Spouse Abuse;  Women's Health;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301886_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editorial: The national prevention strategy: Leveraging multiple sectors to improve population health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lushniak, B.D.
Author-Name: Alley, D.E.
Author-Name: Ulin, B.
Author-Name: Graffunder, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 229-231
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302257
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302257
Keywords: health care policy;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  preventive medicine;  procedures;  public relations;  United States, Health Policy;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Preventive Medicine;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302257_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of vaccine concerns on racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccine uptake among health care workers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ojha, R.P.
Author-Name: Stallings-Smith, S.
Author-Name: Flynn, P.M.
Author-Name: Adderson, E.E.
Author-Name: Offutt-Powell, T.N.
Author-Name: Gaur, A.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e35-e41
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302736
Abstract: Objectives. We explored whether collective concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of influenza vaccines mediate racial/ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake among health care workers (HCWs). Methods. We used a self-administered Web-based survey to assess race/ ethnicity (exposure), concerns about influenza vaccination (mediator; categorized through latent class analysis), and influenza vaccine uptake (outcome) for the 2012 to 2013 influenza season among HCWs at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. We used mediation analysis to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the total, direct, and indirect effects of race/ethnicity on influenza vaccine uptake. Results. Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower influenza vaccine uptake than non- Hispanic Whites (total effect: PR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.75, 0.99), largely mediated by high concern about influenza vaccines (natural indirect effect: PR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.94; controlled direct effect: PR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.1). Hispanic and Asian HCWs had modestly lower uptake than non-Hispanic Whites, also mediated by high concern about influenza vaccines. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities among HCWs could be attenuated if concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of influenza vaccines were reduced.
Keywords: influenza vaccine, adolescent;  adult;  African American;  age;  ancestry group;  Caucasian;  ethnic group;  female;  health care personnel;  Hispanic;  human;  Influenza, Human;  male;  middle aged;  psychology;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  Age Factors;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Personnel;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Influenza Vaccines;  Influenza, Human;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Sex Factors;  Tennessee;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302736_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hispanic men in the United States: Acculturation and recent sexual behaviors with female partners, 2006-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Haderxhanaj, L.T.
Author-Name: Rhodes, S.D.
Author-Name: Romaguera, R.A.
Author-Name: Bloom, F.R.
Author-Name: Leichliter, J.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e126-e133
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302524
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302524
Abstract: Objectives. We examined Hispanic men's recent risky and protective sexual behaviors with female partners by acculturation. Methods. Using the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth, we performed bivariate analyses to compare acculturation groups (Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, Hispanic English-speaking immigrants, Hispanic US natives, and non-Hispanic White men) by demographics and recent sexual behaviors with women. Multivariable logistic regression models for sexual behaviors by acculturation group were adjusted for demographics. Results. Compared with Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, non-Hispanic White men were less likely to report exchange of money or drugs for sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1, 0.9), but were also less likely to report condom use at last vaginal (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8) and anal sex (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.7). Hispanic US natives were less likely to report condom use at last vaginal sex than were Spanish-speaking immigrants (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8). English- and Spanish-speaking immigrants did not differ in risky or protective sexual behaviors. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that targeted interventions focusing on unique sexual risks and sociodemographic differences by acculturation level, particularly nativity, may be helpful for preventing sexually transmitted infections. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Caucasian;  condom;  cultural factor;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  migrant;  psychology;  safe sex;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  unsafe sex;  utilization;  young adult, Acculturation;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Condoms;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Safe Sex;  Sexual Behavior;  United States;  Unsafe Sex;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302524_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Anemia in Puerto Rico at the turn of the twentieth century
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gonzalez, A.R.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 272-273
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302225
Keywords: Ancylostoma;  ancylostomiasis;  anemia;  animal;  art;  complication;  history;  human;  public health;  Puerto Rico, Ancylostoma;  Ancylostomiasis;  Anemia;  Animals;  History, 19th Century;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Public Health;  Puerto Rico
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302225_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "what is our story?" Philip Morris's changing corporate narrative
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McDaniel, P.A.
Author-Name: Malone, R.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e68-e75
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302767
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to learn how employees reacted to changes in the corporate narrative of Philip Morris Companies (PMC) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Methods. We analyzed archival internal tobacco industry documents about PMC's creation of a new corporate story. Results. In response to litigation and public opprobrium, PMC replaced its market success?oriented corporate narrative with a new one centered on responsibility. Although management sought to downplay inconsistencies between the old and new narratives, some employees reportedly had difficulty reconciling them, concerned that the responsibility focus might affect company profitability. However, others embraced the new narrative, suggesting radical ideas to prevent youth smoking. These ideas were not adopted. Conclusions. PMC's new narrative was unconvincing to many of its employees, who perceived it either as a threat to the company's continued profits or as incongruous with what they had previously been told. As it had done with the public, PMC misled its employees in explaining a narrative repositioning that would help the company continue business as usual. Moving toward a tobacco endgame will require ongoing discursive and symbolic efforts to disrupt this narrative.
Keywords: administrative personnel;  economics;  ethics;  human;  organization;  public relations;  social behavior;  social psychology;  tobacco industry;  United States, Administrative Personnel;  Humans;  Organizational Culture;  Organizational Objectives;  Public Relations;  Social Responsibility;  Social Values;  Tobacco Industry;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302767_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Bernabé and Sheiham respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bernabé, E.
Author-Name: Sheiham, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302607
Keywords: dental caries;  developed country;  female;  health survey;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data, Dental Caries;  Developed Countries;  DMF Index;  Female;  Humans;  Male
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302607_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health in the Vilna ghetto as a form of Jewish resistance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Longacre, M.
Author-Name: Beinfeld, S.
Author-Name: Hildebrandt, S.
Author-Name: Glantz, L.
Author-Name: Grodin, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 293-301
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302312
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302312
Abstract: We describe the system of public health that evolved in the Vilna Ghetto as an illustrative example of Jewish innovation and achievement during the Holocaust. Furthermore, we argue that by cultivating a sophisticated system of public health, the ghetto inmates enacted a powerful form of Jewish resistance, directly thwarting the intention of the Nazis to eliminate the inhabitants by starvation, epidemic, and exposure. In doing so, we aim to highlight applicable lessons for the broader public health literature. We hope that this unique story may gain its rightful place in the history of public health as an insightful case study of creative and progressive solutions to universal health problems in one of the most challenging environments imaginable.
Keywords: child;  child welfare;  history;  holocaust;  human;  infection control;  Jew;  Lithuania;  political system;  public health;  sanitation, Child;  Child Welfare;  Communicable Disease Control;  History, 20th Century;  Holocaust;  Humans;  Jews;  Lithuania;  National Socialism;  Public Health;  Sanitation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302312_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The two ways of assessing heat-related mortality and vulnerability
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Madrigano, J.
Author-Name: McCormick, S.
Author-Name: Kinney, P.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2212-2213
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302848
Keywords: age;  heat;  heat injury;  human;  methodology;  mortality;  risk factor;  socioeconomics, Age Factors;  Heat Stress Disorders;  Hot Temperature;  Humans;  Research Design;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302848_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Longitudinal effects of school drug policies on student marijuana use in Washington state and Victoria, Australia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Evans-Whipp, T.J.
Author-Name: Plenty, S.M.
Author-Name: Catalano, R.F.
Author-Name: Herrenkohl, T.I.
Author-Name: Toumbourou, J.W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 994-1000
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302421
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302421
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the longitudinal effect of schools' drug policies on student marijuana use. Methods: We used data from the International Youth Development Study, which surveyed state-representative samples of students from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State. In wave 1(2002), students in grades 7 and 9 (n = 3264) and a school administrator from each participating school (n = 188) reported on school drug policies. In wave 2(2003), students reported on their marijuana use. We assessed associations between student-reported and administrator-reported policy and student self-reported marijuana use 1 year later. Results: Likelihood of student marijuana use was higher in schools in which administrators reported using out-of-school suspension and students reported low policy enforcement. Student marijuana use was less likely where students reported receiving abstinence messages at school and students violating school policy were counseled about the dangers of marijuana use. Conclusions: Schools may reduce student marijuana use by delivering abstinence messages, enforcing nonuse policies, and adopting a remedial approach to policy violations rather than use of suspensions.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  cannabis smoking;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  policy;  school;  socioeconomics;  Victoria;  Washington, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Marijuana Smoking;  Organizational Policy;  Schools;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Victoria;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302421_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adolescents' and adults' experiences of being surveyed about violence and abuse: A systematic review of harms, benefits, and regrets
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Appollis, T.M.
Author-Name: Lund, C.
Author-Name: De Vries, P.J.
Author-Name: Mathews, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e31-e45
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302293
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302293
Abstract: The neuroscience and psychological literatures suggest that talking about previous violence and abuse may not only be beneficial, as previously believed, but may also be associated with risks. Thus, studies on such topics introduce ethical questions regarding the risk-benefit ratio of sensitive research. We performed a systematic review of participants' experiences related to sensitive research and compared consequent harms, benefits, and regrets among victims and nonvictims of abuse. Thirty studies were included (4 adolescent and 26 adult studies). In adolescent studies, 3% to 37% of participants (median: 6%) reported harms, but none of these studies measured benefits or regrets. Among adults, 4% to 50% (median: 25%) reported harms, 23%to 100%(median: 92%) reported benefits, and 1% to 6% (median: 2%) reported regrets. Our results suggest that the risk-benefit ratio related to sensitive research is not unfavorable, but there are gaps in the evidence among adolescents.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  age;  child abuse;  crime victim;  emotion;  health survey;  human;  psychology;  statistics and numerical data;  violence, Adolescent;  Adult;  Age Factors;  Child Abuse;  Crime Victims;  Emotions;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Violence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302293_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The unintended consequences of changes in beverage options and the removal of bottled water on a university campus
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Berman, E.R.
Author-Name: Johnson, R.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1404-1408
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302593
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302593
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated how the removal of bottled water along with a minimum healthy beverage requirement affected the purchasing behavior, healthiness of beverage choices, and consumption of calories and added sugars of university campus consumers. Methods. With shipment data as a proxy, we estimated bottled beverage consumption over 3 consecutive semesters: baseline (spring 2012), when a 30% healthy beverage ratio was enacted (fall 2012), and when bottled water was removed (spring 2013) at the University of Vermont. We assessed changes in number and type of beverages and per capita calories, total sugars, and added sugars shipped. Results. Per capita shipments of bottles, calories, sugars, and added sugars increased significantly when bottled water was removed. Shipments of healthy beverages declined significantly, whereas shipments of less healthy beverages increased significantly. As bottled water sales dropped to zero, sales of sugarfree beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages increased. Conclusions. The bottled water ban did not reduce the number of bottles entering the waste stream from the university campus, the ultimate goal of the ban. With the removal of bottled water, consumers increased their consumption of less healthy bottled beverages.
Keywords: drinking water;  sugar intake, administration and dosage;  beverage;  carbonated beverage;  human;  organization and management;  policy;  sugar intake;  supply and distribution;  United States;  university;  utilization, Beverages;  Carbonated Beverages;  Dietary Sucrose;  Drinking Water;  Humans;  Organizational Policy;  Universities;  Vermont
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302593_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comparing the relative efficacy of narrative vs nonnarrative health messages in reducing health disparities using a randomized trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Murphy, S.T.
Author-Name: Frank, L.B.
Author-Name: Chatterjee, J.S.
Author-Name: Moran, M.B.
Author-Name: Zhao, N.
Author-Name: De Herrera, P.A.
Author-Name: Baezconde-Garbanati, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2117-2123
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302332
Abstract: Objectives. We compared the relative efficacy of a fictional narrative film to a more traditional nonnarrative film in conveying the same health information. Methods. We used a random digit dial procedure to survey the cervical cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American women, aged 25 to 45 years, living in Los Angeles, California, from 2011 to 2012. Participants (n = 704) were randomly assigned to view either a narrative or nonnarrative film containing the same information about how cervical cancer could be prevented or detected, and they were re-contacted 2 weeks and 6 months later. Results. At 2 weeks, both films produced a significant increase in cervical cancerrelated knowledge and attitudes, but these effects were significantly higher for the narrative film. At 6 months, viewers of both films retained greater than baseline knowledge and more positive attitudes toward Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, but women who saw the narrative were significantly more likely to have had or scheduled a Pap test. The narrative was particularly effective for Mexican American women, eliminating cervical cancer screening disparities found at baseline. Conclusions. Narratives might prove to be a useful tool for reducing health disparities.
Keywords: adult;  attitude to health;  audiovisual equipment;  comparative study;  controlled study;  female;  health care disparity;  human;  middle aged;  psychology;  randomized controlled trial;  United States;  uterine cervix tumor;  verbal communication, Adult;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Los Angeles;  Middle Aged;  Motion Pictures as Topic;  Narration;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302332_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The influence of provider communication behaviors on parental vaccine acceptance and visit experience
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Opel, D.J.
Author-Name: Mangione-Smith, R.
Author-Name: Robinson, J.D.
Author-Name: Heritage, J.
Author-Name: DeVere, V.
Author-Name: Salas, H.S.
Author-Name: Zhou, C.
Author-Name: Taylor, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1998-2004
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302425
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated how provider vaccine communication behaviors influence parental vaccination acceptance and visit experience. Methods. In a cross-sectional observational study, we videotaped provider? parent vaccine discussions (n = 111). We coded visits for the format providers used for initiating the vaccine discussion (participatory vs presumptive), parental verbal resistance to vaccines after provider initiation (yes vs no), and provider pursuit of recommendations in the face of parental resistance (pursuit vs mitigated or no pursuit). Main outcomes were parental verbal acceptance of recommended vaccines at visit's end (all vs ≥ 1 refusal) and parental visit experience (highly vs lower rated). Results. In multivariable models, participatory (vs presumptive) initiation formats were associated with decreased odds of accepting all vaccines at visit's end (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.15) and increased odds of a highly rated visit experience (AOR = 17.3; 95% CI = 1.5, 200.3). Conclusions. In the context of 2 general communication formats used by providers to initiate vaccine discussions, there appears to be an inverse relationship between parental acceptance of vaccines and visit experience. Further exploration of this inverse relationship in longitudinal studies is needed.
Keywords: adult;  child;  clinical trial;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  human relation;  interpersonal communication;  male;  multicenter study;  parent;  patient attitude;  psychology;  questionnaire;  United States;  vaccination, Adult;  Child;  Communication;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Parents;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Professional-Family Relations;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Vaccination;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302425_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A renewed vision for higher education in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Frenk, J.
Author-Name: Hunter, D.J.
Author-Name: Lapp, I.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S109-S113
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302468
Abstract: We are transforming the educational strategy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health guided by 5 principles: (1) development of T-shaped competencies (breadthacrossfields, depth in primary fields), (2) flexible and modular design accommodating different needs through the lifecycle, (3) greater experiential learning, (4) 3 levels of education (informative, formative, and transformative learning),and(5)integrated instructional design (online, in person, and in the field). Weaimtocreate anarc of education resulting in continuous learning. We seek to bridge the research versus education dichotomy andcreateresearch-teaching congruence, adapting the values of peer review and quality assessment that we routinely accept for grant and article review to education.
Keywords: academic achievement;  curriculum;  human;  leadership;  medical education;  organization;  organization and management;  personnel management;  problem based learning;  school;  teaching;  United States;  university, Competency-Based Education;  Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Humans;  Leadership;  Massachusetts;  Organizational Culture;  Problem-Based Learning;  Schools, Public Health;  Staff Development
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302468_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of lay health worker outreach in reducing disparities in colorectal cancer screening in Vietnamese Americans
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, B.H.
Author-Name: Stewart, S.L.
Author-Name: Nguyen, T.T.
Author-Name: Bui-Tong, N.
Author-Name: McPhee, S.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2083-2089
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302713
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302713
Abstract: Objectives. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled study of a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among Vietnamese Americans, who typically have lower rates than do non-Hispanic Whites. Methods. We randomized 64 LHWs to 2 arms. Each LHW recruited 10 male or female participants who had never had CRC screening (fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy). Intervention LHWs led 2 educational sessions on CRC screening. Control LHWs led 2 sessions on healthy eating and physical activity. The main outcome was self-reported receipt of any CRC screening at 6 months after the intervention. We conducted the study from 2008 to 2013 in Santa Clara County, California. Results. A greater proportion of intervention participants (56%) than control participants (19%) reported receiving CRC screening (P < .001). When controlling for demographic characteristics, the intervention odds ratio was 5.45 (95% confidence interval = 3.02, 9.82). There was no difference in intervention effect by participant gender. Conclusions. LHW outreach was effective in increasing CRC screening in Vietnamese Americans. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of LHW outreach for other populations and other health outcomes.
Keywords: aged;  Asian American;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  controlled study;  demography;  ethnology;  female;  health auxiliary;  health care disparity;  human;  interview;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  procedures;  randomized controlled trial;  United States;  Viet Nam, Aged;  Asian Americans;  California;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Community Health Workers;  Demography;  Female;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Vietnam
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302713_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The affordable care act and access to care for people changing coverage sources
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Orfield, C.
Author-Name: Hula, L.
Author-Name: Barna, M.
Author-Name: Hoag, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S651-S657
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302867
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302867
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated how access to and continuity of care might be affected by transitions between health insurance coverage sources, including the Marketplace (also called the Exchange), Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Methods: From January to February 2014 and from August to September 2014, we searched provider directories for networks of primary care physicians and selected pediatric specialists participating in Marketplace, Medicaid, and CHIP in 6 market areas of the United States and calculated the degree to which networks overlapped. Results: Networks of physicians in Medicaid and CHIP were nearly identical, meaning transitions between those programs may not result in much physician disruption. This was not the case for Marketplace and Medicaid and CHIP networks. Conclusions: Transitions from the Marketplace to Medicaid or CHIP may result in different degrees of physician disruption for consumers depending on where they live and what type of Marketplace product they purchase.
Keywords: child;  child health care;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health insurance;  health maintenance organization;  human;  insurance;  medicaid;  medical care;  patient care;  preferred provider organization;  primary health care;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Child;  Child Health Services;  Continuity of Patient Care;  Health Insurance Exchanges;  Health Maintenance Organizations;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Medicaid;  Medical Assistance;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Preferred Provider Organizations;  Primary Health Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302867_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparity in naloxone administration by emergency medical service providers and the burden of drug overdose in US rural communities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Faul, M.
Author-Name: Dailey, M.W.
Author-Name: Sugerman, D.E.
Author-Name: Sasser, S.M.
Author-Name: Levy, B.
Author-Name: Paulozzi, L.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e26-e32
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302520
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the factors that affect naloxone (Narcan) administration in drug overdoses, including the certification level of emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods. In 2012, 42 states contributed all or a portion of their ambulatory data to the National Emergency Medical Services Information System. We used a logistic regression model to measure the association between naloxone administration and emergency medical services certification level, age, gender, geographic location, and patient primary symptom. Results. The odds of naloxone administration were much higher among EMT-intermediates than among EMT-basics (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 6.5). Naloxone use was higher in suburban areas than in urban areas (AOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.3, 1.5), followed by rural areas (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.3). Although the odds of naloxone administration were 23% higher in rural areas than in urban areas, the opioid drug overdose rate is 45% higher in rural communities. Conclusions. Naloxone is less often administered by EMT-basics, who are more common in rural areas. In most states, the scope-of-practice model prohibits naloxone administration by basic EMTs. Reducing this barrier could help prevent drug overdose death.
Keywords: naloxone;  narcotic antagonist, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  drug overdose;  emergency health service;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  risk factor;  rural health care;  rural population;  United States;  very elderly, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Drug Overdose;  Emergency Medical Services;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Naloxone;  Narcotic Antagonists;  Risk Factors;  Rural Health Services;  Rural Population;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302520_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Contextual determinants of childhood injury: A systematic review of studies with multilevel analytic methods
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McClure, R.
Author-Name: Kegler, S.
Author-Name: Davey, T.
Author-Name: Clay, F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e37-e43
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302883
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302883
Abstract: Background. The definition of injury that underpins the contemporary approach to injury prevention is an etiological definition relating to bodily damage arising from transfer of energy to tissues of the body beyond the limits compatible with physiological function. Causal factors proximal to the energy transfer are nested within a more complex set of contextual determinants. For effective injury control, understanding of these determinants is critical. Objectives. The primary aims of this study were to describe the area-level determinants that have been included in multilevel analyses of childhood injury and to quantify the relationships between these area-level exposures and injury outcomes. Search methods. We conducted a systematic review of peer reviewed, English-language literature published in scientific journals between January 1997 and July 2014, reporting studies that employed multilevel analyses to quantify the eco-epidemiological causation of physical unintentional injuries to children aged 16 years and younger. We conducted and reported the review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Selection criteria. We included etiological studies of causal risk factors for unintentional traumatic injuries to children aged 0 to 16 years. Methodological inclusion criteria were as follows: • Epidemiological studies quantifying the relationship between risk factors (at various levels) and injury occurrence in the individual; • Studies that recognized individual exposure and at least 1 higher level of exposure with units at lower levels or micro units (e.g., individuals) nested within units at higher levels or macrounits (e.g., areas or neighborhoods); • Injury outcomes (dependent variable) examined at the individual level; and • Central analytic techniques belonging to the following categories: multilevel models, hierarchical models, random effects models, random coefficient models, covariance components models, variance components models, and mixed models. We combined criteria from the checklist described by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group with factors in the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement, and we used several quality assessment items from other injury-related systematic reviews to create a quality assessment checklist for this review. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently extracted data and selected analysis features for the included studies by using preformatted tables. They extracted information as reported in the articles. We determined statistical significance of estimates and effects by using the conventional threshold, P < .05. Any differences in the information extracted were resolved by discussion between authors and by specifically rereading and rechecking the facts as reported in the relevant articles. We tabulated results from the final multilevel model(s) in each of the included articles with key aspects summarized in text. Interpretations of the results and identification of key issues raised by the collated material are reported in the Discussion section of this article. Main results. We identified 11 967 articles from the electronic search with only 14 being included in the review after a detailed screening and selection process. Nine of the 14 studies identified significant fixed effects at both the area and individual levels. The area-level variables most consistently associated with child injury rates related to poverty, education, employment, and access to services. There was some evidence that injury rates were lower in are asscoring well on area-level summary measures of neighborhood safety. There was marked variation in the methods used and in the mapping of measured variables onto the conceptual model of ecological causation. Author conclusions. These results help establish the scope for the public policy approach to injury prevention. More consistent reporting of multilevel study results would aid future interpretation and translation of such findings.
Keywords: adolescent;  child;  epidemiology;  human;  infant;  newborn;  preschool child;  risk factor;  Wounds and Injuries, Adolescent;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Epidemiologic Methods;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant, Newborn;  Risk Factors;  Wounds and Injuries
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302883_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Environmental factors associated with social participation of older adults living in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas: The NuAge study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Levasseur, M.
Author-Name: Cohen, A.A.
Author-Name: Dubois, M.-F.
Author-Name: Généreux, M.
Author-Name: Richard, L.
Author-Name: Therrien, F.-H.
Author-Name: Payette, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1718-1725
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302415
Abstract: Objectives. We compared the social participation of older adults living in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, and identified associated environmental factors. Methods. From 2004 to 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional study using an age-, gender-, and area-stratified random sample of 1198 adults (aged 67-82 years). We collected data via interviewer-administered questionnaires and derived from Canadian censuses. Results. Social participation did not differ across living areas (P = .09), but after controlling for potential confounding variables, we identified associated areaspecific environmental variables. In metropolitan areas, higher social participation was associated with greater proximity to neighborhood resources, having a driver's license, transit use, and better quality social network (R2 = 0.18). In urban areas, higher social participation was associated with greater proximity to neighborhood resources and having a driver's license (R2 = 0.11). Finally, in rural areas, higher social participation was associated with greater accessibility to key resources, having a driver's license, children living in the neighborhood, and more years lived in the current dwelling (R2 = 0.18). Conclusions. To enhance social participation of older adults, public health interventions need to address different environmental factors according to living areas. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: age;  aged;  car driving;  cross-sectional study;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  Quebec;  rural population;  social participation;  social support;  statistics and numerical data;  urban population;  very elderly, Age Factors;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Automobile Driving;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Quebec;  Residence Characteristics;  Rural Population;  Social Participation;  Social Support;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302415_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The medicaid expansion gap and racial and ethnic minorities with substance use disorders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Andrews, C.M.
Author-Name: Guerrero, E.G.
Author-Name: Wooten, N.R.
Author-Name: Lengnick-Hall, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S452-S454
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302560
Abstract: We compared the race and ethnicity of individuals residing in states that did and did not expand Medicaid in 2014. Findings indicated that African Americans and Native Americans with substance use disorders who met new federal eligibility criteria for Medicaid were less likely than those of other racial and ethnic groups to live in states that expanded Medicaid. These findings suggest that the uneven expansion of Medicaid may exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities in insurance coverage for substance use disorder treatment.
Keywords: adult;  ancestry group;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  female;  health care policy;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  medicaid;  organization and management;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States, Adult;  Continental Population Groups;  Eligibility Determination;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Medicaid;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302560_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Love, trust, and HIV risk among female sex workers and their intimate male partners
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Syvertsen, J.L.
Author-Name: Bazzi, A.R.
Author-Name: Martinez, G.
Author-Name: Rangel, M.G.
Author-Name: Ulibarri, M.D.
Author-Name: Fergus, K.B.
Author-Name: Amaro, H.
Author-Name: Strathdee, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1667-1674
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302620
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302620
Abstract: Objectives. We examined correlates of love and trust among female sex workers and their noncommercial male partners along the Mexico - US border. Methods. From 2011 to 2012, 322 partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, completed assessments of love and trust. Cross-sectional dyadic regression analyses identified associations of relationship characteristics and HIV risk behaviors with love and trust. Results. Within 161 couples, love and trust scores were moderately high (median 70/95 and 29/40 points, respectively) and correlated with relationship satisfaction. In regression analyses of HIV risk factors, men and women who used methamphetamine reported lower love scores, whereas women who used heroin reported slightly higher love. In an alternate model, men with concurrent sexual partners had lower love scores. For both partners, relationship conflict was associated with lower trust. Conclusions. Love and trust are associated with relationship quality, sexual risk, and drug use patterns that shape intimate partners' HIV risk. HIV interventions should consider the emotional quality of sex workers' intimate relationships. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  cross-sectional study;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  human relation;  love;  male;  Mexico;  psychology;  sex worker;  sexuality;  statistics and numerical data;  trust;  unsafe sex, Adult;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Interpersonal Relations;  Love;  Male;  Mexico;  Sex Workers;  Sexual Partners;  Trust;  Unsafe Sex
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302620_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Factors influencing the health and wellness of urban aboriginal youths in Canada: Insights of in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yi, K.J.
Author-Name: Landais, E.
Author-Name: Kolahdooz, F.
Author-Name: Sharma, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 881-890
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481
Abstract: We addressed the positive and negative factors that influence the health and wellness of urban Aboriginal youths in Canada and ways of restoring, promoting, and maintaining the health and wellness of this population. Fifty-three in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders participated in this study in which we employed the Glaserian grounded theory approach. We identified perceived positive and negative factors. Participants suggested 5 approaches-(1) youth based and youth driven, (2) community based and community driven, (3) culturally appropriate, (4) enabling and empowering, and (5) sustainable-as well as some practical strategies for the development and implementation of programs. We have provided empirical knowledge about barriers to and opportunities for improving health and wellness among urban Aboriginal youths in Canada.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  American Indian;  behavior;  Canada;  community care;  cultural competence;  female;  health care delivery;  health promotion;  human;  indigenous health care;  male;  middle aged;  organization and management;  socioeconomics;  urban population;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Canada;  Community Health Services;  Cultural Competency;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services, Indigenous;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Power (Psychology);  Socioeconomic Factors;  Urban Population;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health departments and accountable care organizations: Finding common ground in population health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ingram, R.
Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D.
Author-Name: Costich, J.F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 840-846
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302483
Abstract: We examined areas of potential collaboration between accountable care organizations and public health agencies, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators. We interviewed 9 key informants on 4 topics: advantages of public health agency involvement in accountable care organizations; services public health agencies could provide; practical, cultural, and legal barriers to accountable care organization-public health agency involvement; and business models that facilitate accountable care organization-public health agency collaboration. Public health agencies could help accountable care organizations partner with community organizations and reach vulnerable patients, provide population-based services and surveillance data, and promote policies that improve member health. Barriers include accountable care organizations' need for short-term financial yield, limited public health agency technical and financial capacity, and the absence of a financial model.
Keywords: accountable care organization;  cooperation;  economics;  government;  health care quality;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations;  United States, Accountable Care Organizations;  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.);  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Public Health Administration;  Quality Assurance, Health Care;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302483_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing proposals for new global health treaties: An analytic framework
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoffman, S.J.
Author-Name: Røttingen, J.-A.
Author-Name: Frenk, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1523-1530
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302726
Abstract: We have presented an analytic framework and 4 criteria for assessing when global health treaties have reasonable prospects of yielding net positive effects. First, there must be a significant transnational dimension to the problem being addressed. Second, the goals should justify the coercive nature of treaties. Third, proposed global health treaties should have a reasonable chance of achieving benefits. Fourth, treaties should be the best commitment mechanism among the many competing alternatives. Applying this analytic framework to 9 recent calls for new global health treaties revealed that none fully meet the 4 criteria. Efforts aiming to better use or revise existing international instruments may be more productive than is advocating new treaties. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: economics;  health;  health care cost;  human;  international cooperation;  legislation and jurisprudence;  program evaluation, Global Health;  Health Care Costs;  Humans;  International Cooperation;  Program Evaluation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302726_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Pathways to colonoscopy in the South: Seeds of health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Curbow, B.A.
Author-Name: Dailey, A.B.
Author-Name: King-Marshall, E.C.
Author-Name: Barnett, T.E.
Author-Name: Schumacher, J.R.
Author-Name: Sultan, S.
Author-Name: George, T.J., Jr.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e103-e111
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302347
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302347
Abstract: Objectives. We aimed to highlight sociodemographic differences in how patients access colonoscopy. Methods. We invited all eligible patients (n=2500) from 2 academy-affiliated colonoscopy centers in Alachua County, Florida (1 free standing, 1 hospital based), to participate in a precolonoscopy survey (September 2011-October 2013); patients agreeing to participate (n=1841, response rate =73.6%) received a $5.00 gift card. Results. We found sociodemographic differences in referral pathway, costs, and reasons associated with obtaining the procedure. Patients with the ideal pathway (referred by their regular doctor for age-appropriate screening) were more likely to be Black (compared with other minorities), male, high income, employed, and older. Having the colonoscopy because of symptoms was associated with being female, younger, and having lower income. We found significant differences for 1 previously underestimated barrier, having a spouse to accompany the patient to the procedure. Conclusions. Patients' facilitators and barriers to colonoscopy differed by sociodemographics in our study, which implies that interventions based on a single facilitator will not be effective for all subgroups of a population. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: African American;  age;  ancestry group;  colonoscopy;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  early diagnosis;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health care cost;  health care delivery;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  patient referral;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, African Americans;  Age Factors;  Colonoscopy;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Continental Population Groups;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Florida;  Health Expenditures;  Health Services Accessibility;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Referral and Consultation;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302347_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving the use of competencies in public health education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bennett, C.J.
Author-Name: Walston, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S65-S67
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302329
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302329
Abstract: Competency-basededucation is the present and future of public health education. As programs have adopted competencies, many have struggled and continue to struggle with actual implementation and curricular redesign. We experienced these problems at The University of Oklahoma College of Public Health; thus, we propose an adaptable and replicable process to better implement competencies and evaluate student mastery of them throughout any public health program. Wespecifically recommend adoptingmission-based competencies followed by a longitudinal evaluation plan like the model provided.
Keywords: curriculum;  education;  educational model;  human;  medical education;  organization and management;  school;  United States, Competency-Based Education;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Educational Measurement;  Humans;  Models, Educational;  Oklahoma;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302329_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Deren et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Deren, S.
Author-Name: Gelpí-Acosta, C.
Author-Name: Albizu-García, C.E.
Author-Name: González, Á.
Author-Name: Des Jarlais, D.C.
Author-Name: Santiago-Negrón, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302409
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302409_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Work safety climate, safety behaviors, and occupational injuries of youth farmworkers in North Carolina
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kearney, G.D.
Author-Name: Rodriguez, G.
Author-Name: Quandt, S.A.
Author-Name: Arcury, J.T.
Author-Name: Arcury, T.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1336-1343
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302519
Abstract: Objectives. The aims of this project were to describe the work safety climate and the association between occupational safety behaviors and injuries among hired youth farmworkers in North Carolina (n = 87). Methods. We conducted personal interviews among a cross-sectional sample of youth farmworkers aged 10 to 17 years. Results. The majority of youths reported that work safety practices were very important to management, yet 38% stated that supervisors were only interested in "doing the job quickly and cheaply." Few youths reported appropriate work safety behavior, and 14% experienced an injury within the past 12 months. In bivariate analysis, perceptions of work safety climate were significantly associated with pesticide exposure risk factors for rewearing wet shoes (P = .01), wet clothes (P = .01), and shorts (P = .03). Conclusions. Youth farmworkers perceived their work safety climate as being poor. Although additional research is needed to support these findings, these results strengthen the need to increase employer awareness to improve the safety climate for protecting youth farmworkers from harmful exposures and injuries.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  agriculture;  child;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  interview;  male;  occupational health;  Occupational Injuries;  organization;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Agriculture;  Child;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  North Carolina;  Occupational Health;  Occupational Injuries;  Organizational Culture
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302519_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sex-related disparities in criminal justice and HIV treatment outcomes: A retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected inmates
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meyer, J.P.
Author-Name: Cepeda, J.
Author-Name: Taxman, F.S.
Author-Name: Altice, F.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1901-1910
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302687
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302687
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated sex-related differences in HIV and criminal justice (CJ) outcomes. Methods. We quantified sex-related differences in criminal offenses, incarcerations, and HIV outcomes among all HIV-infected inmates on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Connecticut (2005-2012). Computed criminogenic risk scores estimated future CJ involvement. Stacked logistic regression models with random effects identified significant correlates of HIV viral suppression on CJ entry, reflecting preceding community-based treatment. Results. Compared with 866 HIV-infected men on ART (1619 incarcerations), 223 women (461 incarcerations) were more likely to be younger, White, and medically insured, with shorter incarceration periods (mean = 196.8 vs 368.1 days), mostly for public disorder offenses. One third of both women and men had viral suppression on CJ entry, correlating positively with older age and having treated comorbidities. Entry viral suppression inversely correlated with incarceration duration for women and with criminogenic risk score for men. Conclusions. In the largest contemporary cohort of HIV-infected inmates on ART, women's higher prevalence of nonviolent offenses and treatable comorbidities supports alternatives to incarceration strategies. Sex-specific interventions for CJ populations with HIV effectively align public health and safety goals.
Keywords: adult;  age;  comorbidity;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  prisoner;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  sex difference;  time;  treatment outcome;  United States, Adult;  Age Factors;  Comorbidity;  Connecticut;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Prisoners;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Time Factors;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302687_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Gender abuse, depressive symptoms, and HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among male-to-female transgender persons: a three-year prospective study (American Public Health Association Inc. (2013) 103:2 (300-307))
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nuttbrock, L.
Author-Name: Bockting, W.
Author-Name: Rosenblum, A.
Author-Name: Hwahng, S.
Author-Name: Mason, M.
Author-Name: Macri, M.
Author-Name: Becker, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300568e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300568e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300568e_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regarding health awareness days
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Budnick, L.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302833
Keywords: awareness;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  public health, Awareness;  Health Education;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302833_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Participatory evaluation of a community mobilization effort to Enroll Wyandotte County, Kansas, residents through the affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fawcett, S.B.
Author-Name: Sepers, C.E.
Author-Name: Jones, J.
Author-Name: Jones, L.
Author-Name: McKain, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S433-S437
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505
Abstract: Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on the capacity of local communities to mobilize for action. Yet the literature offers few systematic investigations of what communities are doing to ensure support for enrollment. In this empirical case study, we report implementation and outcomes of Enroll Wyandotte, a community mobilization effort to facilitate enrollment through the ACA in Wyandotte County, Kansas. We describe mobilization activities during the first round of open enrollment in coverage under the ACA (October 1, 2013-March 31, 2014), including the unfolding of community and organizational changes (e.g., new enrollment sites) and services provided to assist enrollment over time. The findings show an association between implementation measures and newly created accounts under the ACA (the primary outcome).
Keywords: capacity building;  female;  health care policy;  health services research;  human;  insurance;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  United States, Capacity Building;  Female;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Kansas;  Male;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Washington and welch talk about race
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mooney, G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1317-1328
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302636
Abstract: This article shows how history can be used as a tool to influence political debate. Public health education over the radio became remarkably popular in the United States in the years leading up to World War II. Lectures, monologues, round tables, question and answer sessions, and dramas were all used by health departments to communicate ideas and knowledge about preserving health. In Baltimore, Maryland, a radio series called Keeping Well began in 1932 and ran until 1957. From 1939, 15-minute weekly dramas were broadcast that adopted many of the tropes of contemporary entertainment programs. Some of these dramas were based on interpretations of past events and imposed a particular kind of narrative of medical and social progress that reflected the wider purpose of educational radio programming to uplift and reform listeners. This article demonstrates how public health administrators manipulated historical narratives and fictionalized history for their own purposes. This manipulation was particularly evident in regard to divisive issues such as residential segregation, whereby the public health dramas downplayed Baltimore's troubled encounter with race and health.
Keywords: ethics;  health education;  history;  human;  politics;  public health;  public health service;  racism;  telecommunication;  United States, Baltimore;  Health Education;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Politics;  Public Health;  Public Health Administration;  Racism;  Radio
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302636_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implementing an HIV rapid testing-linkage-to-care project among homeless individuals in los angeles county: A collaborative effort between federal, county, and city government
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anaya, H.D.
Author-Name: Butler, J.N.
Author-Name: Knapp, H.
Author-Name: Chan, K.
Author-Name: Conners, E.E.
Author-Name: Rumanes, S.F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 85-90
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302213
Abstract: Objectives: We developed and implemented an HIV rapid testing-linkage-tocare initiative between federal and local government. Methods: We used mixed methodology; HIV testing data were collected onsite, and qualitative data were collected via telephone. We used postintervention stakeholder and staff interviews to evaluate barriers and facilitators to this initiative. Results. We tested 817 individuals. We identified and confirmed 7 preliminary HIV positive individuals (0.86% seropositivity), 5 of whom were linked to care. Mean testing cost was $48.95 per client; cost per positive result was $5714. Conclusions: This initiative can be used as a template for other health departments and research teams focusing on homelessness and mitigation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302213_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Redefining leadership education in graduate public health programs: Prioritization, focus, and guiding principles
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lachance, J.A.
Author-Name: Oxendine, J.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S60-S64
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302463
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302463
Abstract: Public health program graduates need leadership skills to be effective in the complex, changing public health environment. We propose a new paradigm for schools of public health in which technical and leadership skills have equal priority as core competencies for graduate students. Leadership education should focus on the foundational skills necessary to effect change independent of formal authority, with activities offered at varying levels of intensity to engage different students. Leadership development initiatives should be practice based, process focused, interdisciplinary,diversity based, adaptive, experimental, innovative, and empowering, and they should encourage authenticity. Leadership training in graduate programs will help lay the groundwork for public health professionals to have an immediate impact in the workforce and to prioritize continuous leadership development throughout their careers.
Keywords: academic achievement;  cultural anthropology;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  leadership;  medical education;  organization and management;  problem based learning;  professional competence;  school;  United States, California;  Cultural Diversity;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Leadership;  Problem-Based Learning;  Professional Competence;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302463_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The CDC clearance process: An obstacle to progress in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blank, M.B.
Author-Name: Jemmott, J.B., III
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 614-615
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302600
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302600
Keywords: human;  information dissemination;  organization and management;  peer review;  public health;  public health service;  publishing;  time;  United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Editorial Policies;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Peer Review, Research;  Public Health;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302600_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Previous violent events and mental health outcomes in Guatemala
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Puac-Polanco, V.D.
Author-Name: Lopez-Soto, V.A.
Author-Name: Kohn, R.
Author-Name: Xie, D.
Author-Name: Richmond, T.S.
Author-Name: Branas, C.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 764-771
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302328
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302328
Abstract: Objectives. We analyzed a probability sample of Guatemalans to determine if a relationship exists between previous violent events and development of mental health outcomes in various sociodemographic groups, as well as during and after the Guatemalan Civil War. Methods. We used regression modeling, an interaction test, and complex survey design adjustments to estimate prevalences and test potential relationships between previous violent events and mental health. Results. Many (20.6%) participants experienced at least 1 previous serious violent event. Witnessing someone severely injured or killed was the most common event. Depression was experienced by 4.2% of participants, with 6.5% experiencing anxiety, 6.4% an alcohol-related disorder, and 1.9% posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons who experienced violence during the war had 4.3 times the adjusted odds of alcohol-related disorders (P < .05) and 4.0 times the adjusted odds of PTSD (P < .05) compared with the postwar period. Women, indigenous Maya, and urban dwellers had greater odds of experiencing postviolence mental health outcomes. Conclusions. Violence that began during the civil war and continues today has had a significant effect on the mental health of Guatemalans. However, mental health outcomes resulting from violent events decreased in the postwar period, suggesting a nation in recovery. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  demography;  female;  Guatemala;  human;  male;  mental health;  middle aged;  prevalence;  sex difference;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  violence;  warfare;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Female;  Guatemala;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Residence Characteristics;  Sex Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Violence;  Warfare;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302328_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in short-term breast cancer survival among women in an integrated health system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Keegan, T.H.M.
Author-Name: Kurian, A.W.
Author-Name: Gali, K.
Author-Name: Tao, L.
Author-Name: Lichtensztajn, D.Y.
Author-Name: Hershman, D.L.
Author-Name: Habel, L.A.
Author-Name: Caan, B.J.
Author-Name: Gomez, S.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 938-946
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302406
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302406
Abstract: Objectives: We examined the combined influence of race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on short-term survival among women with uniform access to health care and treatment. Methods: Using electronic medical records data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California linked to data from the California Cancer Registry, we included 6262 women newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We analyzed survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with follow-up through 2010. Results: After consideration of tumor stage, subtype, comorbidity, and type of treatment received, non-Hispanic White women living in low-SES neighborhoods (hazard ratio [HR]=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 1.52) and African Americans regardless of neighborhood SES (high SES: HR=1.44; 95% CI=1.01, 2.07; low SES: HR=1.88; 95% CI=1.42, 2.50) had worse overall survival than did non-Hispanic White women living in high-SES neighborhoods. Results were similar for breast cancer-specific survival, except that African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites living in high-SES neighborhoods had similar survival. Conclusions: Strategies to address the underlying factors that may influence treatment intensity and adherence, such as comorbidities and logistical barriers, should be targeted at low-SES non-Hispanic White and all African American patients.
Keywords: African American;  ancestry group;  Breast Neoplasms;  California;  cancer staging;  Caucasian;  demography;  epidemiology;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  middle aged;  mortality;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data, African Americans;  Breast Neoplasms;  California;  Continental Population Groups;  Ethnic Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasm Staging;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302406_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bernstein, R.S.
Author-Name: Meurer, L.N.
Author-Name: Plumb, E.J.
Author-Name: Jackson, J.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e46-e60
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302330
Abstract: We estimated hypertension and diabetes prevalence among US homeless adults compared with the general population, and investigated prevalence trends. We systematically searched 5 databases for published studies (1980-2014) that included hypertension or diabetes prevalence for US homeless adults, pooled disease prevalence, and explored heterogeneity sources. Weused the National Health Interview Survey for comparison. We included data from 97 366 homeless adults. The pooled prevalence of selfreported hypertension was 27.0% (95% confidence interval = 23.8%, 29.9%; n = 43 studies) and of diabetes was 8.0% (95% confidence interval = 6.8%, 9.2%; n = 39 studies). We found no difference in hypertension or diabetes prevalence between the homeless and general population. Additional health care and housing resources are needed to meet the significant, growing burden of chronic disease in the homeless population.
Keywords: adult;  diabetes mellitus;  homelessness;  human;  hypertension;  meta analysis;  prevalence;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Homeless Persons;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Prevalence;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302330_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Identifying key priorities for future palliative care research using an innovative analytic approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Riffin, C.
Author-Name: Pillemer, K.
Author-Name: Chen, E.K.
Author-Name: Warmington, M.
Author-Name: Adelman, R.D.
Author-Name: Reid, M.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e15-e21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302282
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302282
Abstract: Using an innovative approach, we identified research priorities in palliative care to guide future research initiatives. Wesearched7databases (2005-2012) for review articles published on the topics of palliative and hospice-endoflife care. The identified research recommendations (n = 648) fell into 2 distinct categories: (1) ways to improve methodological approaches and (2) specific topic areas in need of future study. The most commonly cited priority within the theme ofmethodological approaches was the need for enhanced rigor. Specific topics in need of future study included perspectives and needs of patients, relatives, and providers; underrepresented populations; decisionmaking; cost-effectiveness; provider education; spirituality; service use; and interdisciplinary approaches to delivering palliative care. This review underscores the need for additional research on specific topics and methodologically rigorous research to inform health policy and practice.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302282_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health and legal arguments in favor of a policy to cap the portion sizes of sugar-sweetened beverages
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roberto, C.A.
Author-Name: Pomeranz, J.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2183-2190
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302862
Abstract: In 2012, the New York City Board of Health passed a regulation prohibiting the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages in containers above 16 ounces in the city's food service establishments. The beverage industry and various retailers sued the city to prevent enforcement of the law, arguing that the board had overstepped its authority. In June 2014, the state's highest court agreed and struck down the regulation. Here we report the results of a content analysis of the public testimony related to the case submitted to the New York City Department of Mental Health and Hygiene. We identified major arguments in support of and against the sugar-sweetened beverage portion limit policy. We offer legal and scientific arguments that challenge the major anti-policy arguments and contend that, although this policy was not implemented in New York City, it can be legally pursued by other legislatures.
Keywords: sugar intake, beverage;  carbonated beverage;  health care policy;  human;  law;  portion size;  public health;  sugar intake;  United States, Beverages;  Carbonated Beverages;  Dietary Sucrose;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Legislation, Food;  New York City;  Portion Size;  Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302862_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What matters in recruiting public health employees: Considerations for filling workforce gaps
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yeager, V.A.
Author-Name: Wisniewski, J.M.
Author-Name: Amos, K.
Author-Name: Bialek, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e33-e36
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302805
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302805
Abstract: We examined factors that influence the decision to join the public health workforce. In this crosssectional study, we used 2010 secondary data representing 6939 public health workers. Factors influencing the decision to take jobs in public health were significantly associated with specific previous employment settings. Respondents generally rated organizational factors as more influential than personal factors in terms of their decision to work in governmental public health. Leaders should consider tailoring recruitment efforts to maximize job uptake and enhance the potential for long-term retention.
Keywords: cross-sectional study;  decision making;  government;  human;  manpower;  personnel management;  public health;  United States, Career Choice;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Government Programs;  Humans;  Personnel Selection;  Public Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302805_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: CDC clearance process constitutes an obstacle to progress in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hagopian, A.
Author-Name: Stover, B.
Author-Name: Barnhart, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302680
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302680
Keywords: human;  information dissemination;  organization and management;  peer review;  public health service;  publishing, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Editorial Policies;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Peer Review, Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302680_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Psychotropic drug use among preschool children in the Medicaid program from 36 states (Am J Public Health (2015) 105, 3 (524-529) DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Garfield, L.D.
Author-Name: Brown, D.S.
Author-Name: Allaire, B.T.
Author-Name: Ross, R.E.
Author-Name: Nicol, G.E.
Author-Name: Raghavan, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302258e_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "Nudges" to prevent behavioral risk factors associated with major depressive disorder
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Woodend, A.
Author-Name: Schölmerich, V.
Author-Name: Denktas, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2318-2321
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302820
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302820
Abstract: Major depressive disorder-colloquially called "depression"-is a primary global cause of disability. Current preventive interventions, such as problem-solving therapy, are effective but also expensive. "Nudges" are easy and cheap interventions for altering behavior. We have explored how nudging can reduce three behavioral risk factors of depression: low levels of physical activity, inappropriate coping mechanisms, and inadequate maintenance of social ties. These nudges use cognitive biases associated with these behavioral risks, such as valuing the present more than the future, following the herd or the norm, making different choices in light of equivalent conditions, and deciding on the basis of salience or attachment to status quo.
Keywords: adaptive behavior;  decision making;  Depressive Disorder, Major;  exercise;  human;  human relation;  psychological model;  risk factor;  statistical model, Adaptation, Psychological;  Choice Behavior;  Depressive Disorder, Major;  Exercise;  Humans;  Interpersonal Relations;  Models, Economic;  Models, Psychological;  Risk Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302820_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Socioeconomic disparities in sleep duration among veterans of the US wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Widome, R.
Author-Name: Jensen, A.
Author-Name: Fu, S.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e70-e74
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302375
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302375
Abstract: We characterized socioeconomic disparities in short sleep duration, which is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes, in a population based sample of veterans of the US wars in Iraq and Afghanistan who had interacted with the Minneapolis VA Health Care System. Lower reported household assets, lower food security, greater reported discrimination, and lower subjective social status were significantly (P < .05) related to less sleep, even after adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis. Assisting veterans to navigate social and socioeconomic stressors could promote healthful sleep and overall health.
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  sleep deprivation;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  veteran;  war, Afghan Campaign 2001-;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Iraq War, 2003-2011;  Male;  Sleep Deprivation;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Veterans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302375_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "It's not a priority when we're in combat": Public health professionals and military tobacco control policy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Smith, E.A.
Author-Name: Grundy, Q.
Author-Name: Malone, R.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 660-664
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302363
Abstract: Tobacco use is prevalent among service members, but civilian public health groups have not effectively addressed military tobacco control policy issues. We conducted focus groups in 2010 and 2012 with participants from public health and tobacco control organizations regarding their understanding of the military and of tobacco use in that context. Misperceptions were common. Military personnel were believed to be young, from marginalized populations, and motivated to join by lack of other options. Tobacco use was considered integral to military life; participants were sometimes reluctant to endorse stronger tobacco control policies than those applied to civilians, although some believed the military could be a social policy leader. Engaging public health professionals as effective partners in tobacco-free military efforts may require education about and reframing of military service and tobacco control policy. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  attitude to health;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  health care personnel;  human;  information processing;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  perception;  psychology;  public health;  smoking;  soldier;  statistics and numerical data;  very elderly, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Personnel;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Military Personnel;  Perception;  Public Health;  Smoking
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302363_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Psychological well-being during the great recession: Changes in mental health care utilization in an occupational cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Modrek, S.
Author-Name: Hamad, R.
Author-Name: Cullen, M.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 304-310
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219)
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the mental health effects of the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 on workers who remained continuously employed and insured. Methods. We examined utilization trends for mental health services and medications during 2007 to 2012 among a panel of workers in the 25 largest plants, located in 15 states, of a US manufacturing firm. We used piecewise regression to compare trends from 2007 to 2010 in service and medication use before and after 2009, the year of mass layoffs at the firm and the peak of the recession. Our models accounted for changes in county-level unemployment rates and individual level fixed effects. Results. Mental health inpatient and outpatient visits and the yearly supply of mental health-related medications increased among all workers after 2009. The magnitude of the increase in medication usage was higher for workers at plants with more layoffs. Conclusions. The negative effects of the recession on mental health extend to employed individuals, a group considered at lower risk of psychological distress.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302219)_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disability as an emerging public health crisis in postearthquake Nepal
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Landry, M.D.
Author-Name: Raman, S.R.
Author-Name: Kohrt, B.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1515-1517
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302809
Keywords: disabled person;  disaster;  earthquake;  epidemiology;  human;  Nepal;  public health;  statistics and numerical data;  survivor;  Wounds and Injuries, Disabled Persons;  Disasters;  Earthquakes;  Humans;  Nepal;  Public Health;  Survivors;  Wounds and Injuries
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302809_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of mandatory carbon monoxide alarms: An investigation of the effects on detection and poisoning rates in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wheeler-Martin, K.
Author-Name: Soghoian, S.
Author-Name: Prosser, J.M.
Author-Name: Manini, A.F.
Author-Name: Marker, E.
Author-Name: Stajic, M.
Author-Name: Prezant, D.
Author-Name: Nelson, L.S.
Author-Name: Hoffman, R.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1623-1629
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302577
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to evaluate the impact of New York City's (NYC's) 2004 carbon monoxide (CO) alarm legislation on CO incident detection and poisoning rates. Methods. We compared CO poisoning deaths, hospitalizations, exposures reported to Poison Control, and fire department investigations, before and after the law for 2000 to 2010. Use of CO alarms was assessed in the 2009 NYC Community Health Survey. Results. Investigations that found indoor CO levels greater than 9 parts per million increased nearly 7-fold after the law (P < .001). There were nonsignificant decreases in unintentional, nonfire-related CO poisoning hospitalization rates (P = .114) and death rates (P = .216). After we controlled for ambient temperature, the law's effect on hospitalizations remained nonsignificantly protective (incidence rate ratio = 0.747; 95% confidence interval = 0.520, 1.074). By 2009, 83% of NYC residents reported having CO alarms; only 54% also recently tested or replaced their batteries. Conclusions. Mandating CO alarms significantly increased the detection of potentially hazardous CO levels in NYC homes. Small numbers and detection bias might have limited the discovery of significant decreases in poisoning outcomes. Investigation of individual poisoning circumstances since the law might elucidate remaining gaps in awareness and proper use of CO alarms. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: carbon monoxide, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  mandatory program;  mortality;  New York;  protective equipment;  retrospective study;  statistics and numerical data, Carbon Monoxide;  Carbon Monoxide Poisoning;  Humans;  Mandatory Programs;  New York City;  Protective Devices;  Retrospective Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302577_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nonprofit hospitals-approach to community health needs assessment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pennel, C.L.
Author-Name: McLeroy, K.R.
Author-Name: Burdine, J.N.
Author-Name: Matarrita-Cascante, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e103-e113
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302286
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302286
Abstract: Objectives. We sought a better understanding of how nonprofit hospitals are fulfilling the community health needs assessment (CHNA) provision of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to conduct CHNAs and develop CHNA and implementation strategies reports.
Keywords: analysis of variance;  community care;  cooperation;  health care planning;  health care policy;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  needs assessment;  non profit hospital;  organization and management;  procedures;  program evaluation;  public relations;  standards;  United States, Analysis of Variance;  Community Health Planning;  Community Health Services;  Community-Institutional Relations;  Cooperative Behavior;  Health Plan Implementation;  Health Priorities;  Hospitals, Voluntary;  Humans;  Needs Assessment;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Program Evaluation;  Texas;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302286_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Shape up somerville: Change in parent body mass indexes during a child-targeted, community-based environmental change intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Coffield, E.
Author-Name: Nihiser, A.J.
Author-Name: Sherry, B.
Author-Name: Economos, C.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e83-e89
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302361
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302361
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the body mass index (BMI; weight in pounds/ [height in inches]2 × 703) of parents whose children participated in Shape Up Somerville (SUS), a community-based participatory research study that altered household, school, and community environments to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. Methods. SUS was a nonrandomized controlled trial with 30 participating elementary schools in 3 Massachusetts communities that occurred from 2002 to 2005. It included first-, second-, and third-grade children. We used an inverse probability weighting estimator adjusted for clustering effects to isolate the influence of SUS on parent (n = 478) BMI. The model's dependent variable was the change in pre- and postintervention parent BMI. Results. SUS was significantly associated with decreases in parent BMIs. SUS decreased treatment parents' BMIs by 0.411 points (95% confidence interval = -0.725, -0.097) relative to control parents. Conclusions. The benefits of a community-based environmental change childhood obesity intervention can spill over to parents, resulting in decreased parental BMI. Further research is warranted to examine the effects of this type of intervention on parental health behaviors and health outcomes.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  body mass;  child;  clinical trial;  environmental planning;  epidemiology;  female;  health promotion;  human;  male;  middle aged;  Obesity, Abdominal;  parent;  procedures;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Body Mass Index;  Child;  Environment Design;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Male;  Massachusetts;  Middle Aged;  Obesity, Abdominal;  Parents;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302361_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association of participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program and psychological distress
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oddo, V.M.
Author-Name: Mabli, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e30-e35
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302480
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302480
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed whether households' participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was associated with improvements in well-being, as indicated by lower rates of psychological distress. Methods. We used longitudinal data for 3146 households in 30 states, collected between October 2011 and September 2012 for the SNAP Food Security survey, the largest longitudinal national survey of SNAP participants to date. Analyses compared households within days of program entry to the same households approximately 6 months later. We measured psychological distress in the past 30 days on a 6-item Kessler screening scale and used multivariable regression to estimate associations between SNAP participation and psychological distress. Results. A smaller percentage of household heads exhibited psychological distress after 6 months of participation in SNAP than at baseline (15.3% vs 23.2%; difference = - 7.9%). In adjusted models, SNAP participation was associated with a decrease in psychological distress (adjusted relative risk = 0.72; 95% confidence interval = 0.66, 0.78). Conclusions. Continuing support for federal nutrition programs, such as SNAP, may reduce the public health burden of mental illness, thus improving well-being among vulnerable populations. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  catering service;  child;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  food assistance;  human;  infant;  interview;  longitudinal study;  male;  mental stress;  middle aged;  newborn;  preschool child;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Demography;  Female;  Food Assistance;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant, Newborn;  Interviews as Topic;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Stress, Psychological;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302480_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Spousal violence in 5 transitional countries: A population-based multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ismayilova, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e12-e22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302779
Abstract: Objectives. I examined the individual- and community-level factors associated with spousal violence in post-Soviet countries. Methods. I used population-based data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 2005 and 2012. My sample included currently married women of reproductive age (n = 3932 in Azerbaijan, n = 4053 in Moldova, n = 1932 in Ukraine, n = 4361 in Kyrgyzstan, and n = 4093 in Tajikistan). I selected respondents using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Because of the nested structure of the data, multilevel logistic regressions for survey data were fitted to examine factors associated with spousal violence in the last 12 months. Results. Partner's problem drinking was the strongest risk factor associated with spousal violence in all 5 countries. In Moldova, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, women with greater financial power than their spouses were more likely to experience violence. Effects of community economic deprivation and of empowerment status of women in the community on spousal violence differed across countries. Women living in communities with a high tolerance of violence faced a higher risk of spousal violence in Moldova and Ukraine. In more traditional countries (Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan), spousal violence was lower in conservative communities with patriarchal gender beliefs or higher financial dependency on husbands. Conclusions. My findings underscore the importance of examining individual risk factors in the context of community-level factors and developing individualand community-level interventions.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  alcoholism;  behavior;  decision making;  demography;  female;  human;  middle aged;  multilevel analysis;  partner violence;  poverty;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  USSR;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Alcoholism;  Commonwealth of Independent States;  Decision Making;  Female;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Middle Aged;  Multilevel Analysis;  Poverty;  Power (Psychology);  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Spouse Abuse;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302779_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nuevo amanecer: Results of a randomized controlled trial of a community-based, peer-delivered stress management intervention to improve quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nápoles, A.M.
Author-Name: Ortíz, C.
Author-Name: Santoyo-Olsson, J.
Author-Name: Stewart, A.L.
Author-Name: Gregorich, S.
Author-Name: Lee, H.E.
Author-Name: Durón, Y.
Author-Name: McGuire, P.
Author-Name: Luce, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e55-e63
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302598
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated a community-based, translational stress management program to improve health-related quality of life in Spanish-speaking Latinas with breast cancer. Methods. We adapted a cognitive-behavioral stress management program integrating evidence-based and community best practices to address the needs of Latinas with breast cancer. Spanish-speaking Latinas with breast cancer were randomly assigned to an intervention or usual-care control group. Trained peers delivered the 8-week intervention between February 2011 and February 2014. Primary outcomes were breast cancer-specific quality of life and distress, and general symptoms of distress. Results. Of 151 participants, 95% were retained at 6 months (between May 2011 and May 2014). Improvements in quality of life from baseline to 6 months were greater for the intervention than the control group on physical well-being, emotional well-being, breast cancer concerns, and overall quality of life. Decreases from baseline to 6 months were greater for the intervention group on depression and somatization. Conclusions. Results suggest that translation of evidence-based programs can reduce psychosocial health disparities in Latinas with breast cancer. Integration of this program into community-based organizations enhances its dissemination potential.
Keywords: adult;  breast tumor;  cognitive therapy;  community care;  ethnology;  etiology;  female;  health disparity;  Hispanic;  human;  mental stress;  organization and management;  participatory research;  patient selection;  peer group;  prevention and control;  psychology;  treatment outcome, Adult;  Breast Neoplasms;  Cognitive Therapy;  Community Health Services;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Patient Selection;  Peer Group;  Stress, Psychological;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302598_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Combining clinical and population-level data to understand the health of neighborhoods
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chambers, E.C.
Author-Name: Wong, B.C.
Author-Name: Riley, R.W.
Author-Name: Hollingsworth, N.
Author-Name: Blank, A.E.
Author-Name: Myers, C.
Author-Name: Bedell, J.
Author-Name: Selwyn, P.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 510-512
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302326
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302326
Abstract: From February through December 2012, we examined responses to health behavior questions integrated into the electronic medical record of primary care centers in the Bronx, New York in the context of NewYork City Community Health Survey data. We saw a higher proportion of unhealthy behaviors among patients than among the neighborhood population. Analyzing clinical data in the neighborhood context can better target at-risk populations.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  community care;  cooperation;  demography;  diet;  electronic health record;  female;  health behavior;  health promotion;  human;  male;  middle aged;  motor activity;  New York;  organization and management;  primary health care;  procedures;  public health;  public relations;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Community Networks;  Cooperative Behavior;  Diet;  Electronic Health Records;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motor Activity;  New York City;  Primary Health Care;  Public Health;  Residence Characteristics;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302326_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Behavioral health care needs, detention-based care, and criminal recidivism at community reentry from Juvenile detention: A multisite survival curve analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aalsma, M.C.
Author-Name: White, L.M.
Author-Name: Lau, K.S.L.
Author-Name: Perkins, A.
Author-Name: Monahan, P.
Author-Name: Grisso, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1372-1378
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302529
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the provision of behavioral health services to youths detained in Indiana between 2008 and 2012 and the impact of services on recidivism. Method. We obtained information about behavioral health needs, behavioral health treatment received, and recidivism within 12 months after release for 8363 adolescents (aged 12-18 years; 79.4% male). We conducted survival analyses to determine whether behavioral health services significantly affected time to recidivating. Results. Approximately 19.1% of youths had positive mental health screens, and 25.3% of all youths recidivated within 12 months after release. Of youths with positive screens, 29.2% saw a mental health clinician, 16.1% received behavioral health services during detention, and 30.0% received referrals for postdetention services. Survival analyses showed that being male, Black, and younger, and having higher scores on the substance use or irritability subscales of the screen predicted shorter time to recidivism. Receiving a behavior precaution, behavioral health services in detention, or an assessment in the community also predicted shorter time to recidivating. Conclusions. Findings support previous research showing that behavioral health problems are related to recidivism and that Black males are disproportionately rearrested after detention.
Keywords: adolescent;  child;  crime;  health service;  human;  juvenile delinquency;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental health service;  organization and management;  prison;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Child;  Crime;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Humans;  Indiana;  Juvenile Delinquency;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health Services;  Prisons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302529_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The moral challenge of ebola
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 6-8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302413
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302413
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302413_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cultural competency training for public health students: Integrating self, social, and global awareness into a master of public health curriculum
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cushman, L.F.
Author-Name: Delva, M.
Author-Name: Franks, C.L.
Author-Name: Jimenez-Bautista, A.
Author-Name: Moon-Howard, J.
Author-Name: Glover, J.
Author-Name: Begg, M.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S132-S140
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302506
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302506
Abstract: Cultural competency training in public health, medicine, social work, nursing, dental medicine, and other health professions has been a topic of increasing interest and significance. Despite the now burgeoning literature that describes specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills that promote cultural "competence," fully defining this complex, multidimensional term and implementing activities to enhance it remain a challenge. We describe our experiences in introducing a mandatory, full-day workshop to incoming Master of Public Health students, called "Self, Social, and Global Awareness: Personal Capacity Building for Professional Education and Practice." The purpose of the program is to provide a meaningful, structured environment to explore issues of culture, power, privilege, and social justice, emphasizing the centrality of these issues in effective public health education and practice.
Keywords: academic achievement;  behavior;  cultural anthropology;  cultural competence;  curriculum;  human;  medical education;  personnel management;  program development;  program evaluation;  social justice;  university, Cultural Competency;  Cultural Diversity;  Curriculum;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Humans;  Power (Psychology);  Program Development;  Program Evaluation;  Social Justice;  Staff Development
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302506_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Intergenerational transmission of the effects of acculturation on health in hispanic Americans: A fetal programming perspective
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, M.
Author-Name: Entringer, S.
Author-Name: Buss, C.
Author-Name: DeHaene, J.
Author-Name: Wadhwa, P.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S409-S423
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571)
Abstract: We propose a trans disciplinary, life span framework for examining the underlying cause of the observed intergenerational decline in health among Hispanic Americans. We focus on acculturation, and we posit that acculturation related processes in first-generation Hispanic immigrant mothers may affect the intrauterine development of an unborn child, via the process of fetal programming, to produce phenotypic effects that may alter the susceptibility for noncommunicable chronic diseases. In this manner, an intergenerational cascade of perpetuation may become established. Our framework may shed light on the biological, behavioral, and social causes of intergenerational cycles of vulnerability among immigrant minority groups, with public health and policy implications for primary prevention and intervention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302571)_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reducing sugary drink consumption: New York City's approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kansagra, S.M.
Author-Name: Kennelly, M.O.
Author-Name: Nonas, C.A.
Author-Name: Curtis, C.J.
Author-Name: Van Wye, G.
Author-Name: Goodman, A.
Author-Name: Farley, T.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e61-e64
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302497
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302497
Keywords: carbohydrate, beverage;  food assistance;  health care policy;  health education;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  mass medium;  organization and management;  social marketing;  tax;  United States, Beverages;  Carbohydrates;  Food Assistance;  Health Education;  Humans;  Mass Media;  New York City;  Nutrition Policy;  Social Marketing;  Taxes
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302497_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Embarking on a science vision for health disparities research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dankwa-Mullan, I.
Author-Name: Maddox, Y.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S369-S371
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302756
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302756
Keywords: ancestry group;  health care disparity;  health disparity;  human;  management;  national health organization;  public health service;  research;  social determinants of health;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Policy Making;  Public Health Practice;  Research;  Social Determinants of Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302756_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Research done in "A good way": The importance of indigenous elder involvement in HIV community-based research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Flicker, S.
Author-Name: O'Campo, P.
Author-Name: Monchalin, R.
Author-Name: Thistle, J.
Author-Name: Worthington, C.
Author-Name: Masching, R.
Author-Name: Guta, A.
Author-Name: Pooyak, S.
Author-Name: Whitebird, W.
Author-Name: Thomas, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1149-1154
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302522
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the role that Indigenous Elders can play in ensuring that community-based research (CBR) is conducted ethically. Methods. We present data from a larger qualitative study exploring ethical issues that occur in HIV-related CBR through the experiences of researchers engaged in CBR. Between May 2010 and July 2011, we interviewed 51 academic and community research team leaders of federally funded HIV CBR studies. We used thematic analysis techniques to identify themes. Results. Participating researchers engage Elders in research because Elders are keepers of Indigenous knowledge, dynamic ethical consultants, community protectors, and credible sources of information who are able to counsel and support, mediate conflict, provide local context and history, and conduct ceremonial roles. Potential challenges cited by participants to engaging Elders in research include finding the right "fit," approaching Elders in a culturally appropriate way, and bureaucratic environments that do not honor Indigenous processes. Conclusions. Culturally appropriate Elder engagement in HIV CBR with Indigenous communities is vital for promoting positive relationships and culturally safe research that respects ceremony and Indigenous ways of knowing. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: aged;  American Indian;  Canada;  cultural factor;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  interview;  male;  methodology;  organization and management;  participatory research;  psychology;  qualitative research;  role playing, Aged;  Canada;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Cultural Characteristics;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Qualitative Research;  Research Design;  Role
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302522_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cochran and Mays respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cochran, S.D.
Author-Name: Mays, V.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302429
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302429_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith youth suicide prevention program on suicide mortality
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Walrath, C.
Author-Name: Garraza, L.G.
Author-Name: Reid, H.
Author-Name: Goldston, D.B.
Author-Name: McKeon, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 986-993
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302496
Abstract: Objectives: We examined whether a reduction in youth suicide mortality occurred between 2007 and 2010 that could reasonably be attributed to Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) program efforts. Methods: We compared youth mortality rates across time between counties that implemented GLS-funded gatekeeper training sessions (the most frequently implemented suicide prevention strategy among grantees) and a set of matched counties in which no GLS-funded training occurred. A rich set of background characteristics, including preintervention mortality rates, was accounted for with a combination of propensity score-based techniques. We also analyzed closely related outcomes that we did not expect to be affected by GLS as control outcomes. Results: Counties implementing GLS training had significantly lower suicide rates among the population aged 10 to 24 years the year after GLS training than similar counties that did not implement GLS training (1.33 fewer deaths per 100 000; P=.02). Simultaneously, we found no significant difference in terms of adult suicide mortality rates or nonsuicide youth mortality the year after the implementation. Conclusions: These results support the existence of an important reduction in youth suicide rates resulting from the implementation of GLS suicide prevention programming.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  adult;  attitude to health;  child;  health promotion;  human;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Adult;  Child;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Suicide;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302496_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implications of Georgia's 20-week abortion ban
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roberts, S.C.M.
Author-Name: Gould, H.
Author-Name: Upadhyay, U.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e77-e82
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302728
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to understand more about women affected by a law enacted in January 2013 that led Georgia providers to stop providing abortion services at 24 weeks from a woman's last menstrual period (LMP), and who would be affected if Georgia enforces the law banning abortions at 22 weeks from LMP. Methods. We obtained data on women obtaining abortions at or after 20 weeks from LMP in 2012 and 2013 from 4 Georgia facilities providing later abortion care. We analyzed data descriptively and with the χ2 test. Results. More than half of the women were Black; one fourth were White. Close to half of the women had education beyond high school and a similar proportion had a previous live birth. Eighty-three percent of women at or after 24 weeks came from the South, 4% from the Northeast, and 13% from the Midwest; 99% of those at 20 to 24 weeks were from the South. One third of women at or after 24 weeks and half at 20 to 24 weeks were Georgia residents. Conclusions. These bans will likely affect women throughout the South, as well as the Midwest and Northeast. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  Caucasian;  epidemiology;  female;  Georgia;  human;  legal abortion;  legislation and jurisprudence;  middle aged;  pregnancy;  second trimester pregnancy;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Abortion, Legal;  Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Georgia;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Trimester, Second;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302728_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Medicaid expansion under the affordable care act: Potential changes in receipt of mental health treatment among low-income nonelderly adults with serious mental illness
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Han, B.
Author-Name: Gfroerer, J.
Author-Name: Kuramoto, S.J.
Author-Name: Ali, M.
Author-Name: Woodward, A.M.
Author-Name: Teich, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 1982-1989
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302521
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302521
Abstract: Objectives. We designed this study to examine differences in receipt of mental health treatment between low-income uninsured nonelderly adults with serious mental illness (SMI) who were eligible for Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and their existing Medicaid counterparts. Assessing these differences might estimate the impact of the Medicaid expansion efforts under the ACA on receipt of mental health treatment among uninsured nonelderly adults with SMI. Methods. We examined data from 2000 persons aged 18 to 64 years who participated in the 2008 to 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, had income below 138% of the federal poverty level, met SMI criteria, and either were uninsured (n = 1000) or had Medicaid-only coverage (n = 1000). We defined SMI according to the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Reorganization Act. We used descriptive analyses and logistic regression modeling. Results. In the 28 states currently expanding Medicaid, the model-adjusted prevalence (MAP) of receiving mental health treatment among Medicaid-only enrollees with SMI (MAP = 71.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.74%, 76.29%) was 30.1% greater than their uninsured counterparts (MAP = 54.8%; 95% CI = 48.16%, 61.33%). In the United States, the MAP of receiving mental health treatment among Medicaid-only enrollees with SMI (MAP= 70.4%; 95% CI = 65.67%, 74.70%) was 35.9% higher than their uninsured counterparts (MAP= 51.8%; 95% CI = 46.98%, 56.65%). Conclusions. Estimated increases in receipt of mental health treatment because of enrolling in Medicaid among low-income uninsured adults with SMI might help inform planning and implementation efforts for the Medicaid expansion under the ACA.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  female;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health service;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  medicaid;  medically uninsured;  Mental Disorders;  middle aged;  poverty;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Humans;  Male;  Medicaid;  Medically Uninsured;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Poverty;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302521_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Systematic review of prevalence of young child overweight and obesity in the United States-Affiliated Pacific region compared with the 48 contiguous states: The Children's Healthy Living Program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Novotny, R.
Author-Name: Fialkowski, M.K.
Author-Name: Li, F.
Author-Name: Paulino, Y.
Author-Name: Vargo, D.
Author-Name: Jim, R.
Author-Name: Coleman, P.
Author-Name: Bersamin, A.
Author-Name: Nigg, C.R.
Author-Name: Guerrero, R.T.L.
Author-Name: Deenik, J.
Author-Name: Kim, J.H.
Author-Name: Wilkens, L.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e22-e35
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302283
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302283
Abstract: We estimated overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence of children in US-Affiliated Pacific jurisdictions (USAP) of the Children's Healthy Living Program compared with the contiguous United States. We searched peer-reviewed literature and government reports (January 2001-April 2014) for OWOB prevalence of children aged 2 to 8 years in the USAP and found 24 sources. We used 3 articles from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for comparison. Mixed models regressed OWOB prevalence on an age polynomial to compare trends (n = 246 data points). In the USAP, OWOB prevalence estimates increased with age, from 21% at age 2 years to 39% at age 8 years, increasingmarkedly at age 5 years; the proportion obese increased from10% at age 2 years to 23% at age 8 years. The highest prevalence was in American Samoa and Guam.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302283_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Second-generation antipsychotics and tardive syndromes in affective illness: A public health problem with neuropsychiatric consequences
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jacobsen, F.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e10-e16
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302439
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302439
Abstract: Food and Drug Administration-approved information and public advertisements belieneurode generative risks for second-generation antipsychotics in affective illness. Package inserts label tardive syndromes "potentially reversible" while uniformly omitting patient counseling for long-termneurodegenerative side effects. I found that only 2 of 78 outpatients exposed to second-generation antipsychotics reported awareness of tardive syndromes. Updated literature challenges safety advantages of atypical versus typical antipsychotics. Physician and patient information regarding tardive syndromes from second-generation antipsychotics approved for affective illnessis in adequate.
Keywords: neuroleptic agent, central nervous system;  drug effects;  drug labeling;  food and drug administration;  human;  Mood Disorders;  Movement Disorders;  United States, Antipsychotic Agents;  Central Nervous System;  Drug Labeling;  Humans;  Mood Disorders;  Movement Disorders;  United States;  United States Food and Drug Administration
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302439_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Clinical preventive services coverage and the Affordable Care Act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, J.B.
Author-Name: Shaw, F.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e7-e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302289
Abstract: The Affordable Care Act requires many health plans to provide coverage for certain recommended clinical preventive services without charging copays or deductible payments. This provision could lead to greater uptake of many services that can improve health and save lives. Although the coverage provision is broad, there are many caveats that also apply. It is important for providers and public health professionals to understand the nuances of the coverage rules to help maximize their potential to improve population health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302289_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shanahan, D.F.
Author-Name: Lin, B.B.
Author-Name: Bush, R.
Author-Name: Gaston, K.J.
Author-Name: Dean, J.H.
Author-Name: Barber, E.
Author-Name: Fuller, R.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 470-477
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302324
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302324
Abstract: There is mounting concern for the health of urban populations as cities expand at an unprecedented rate. Urban green spaces provide settings for a remarkable range of physical and mental health benefits, and pioneering health policy is recognizing nature as a costeffective tool for planning healthy cities.
Keywords: causality;  city planning;  cost benefit analysis;  economics;  ecosystem;  environmental planning;  health;  health behavior;  health care planning;  human;  natural science;  standards;  trends, Causality;  City Planning;  Cost-Benefit Analysis;  Ecosystem;  Environment Design;  Health Behavior;  Health Planning;  Humans;  Nature;  Urban Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302324_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Calling for a bold new vision of health disparities intervention research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cooper, L.A.
Author-Name: Ortega, A.N.
Author-Name: Ammerman, A.S.
Author-Name: Buchwald, D.
Author-Name: D. Paskett, E.
Author-Name: H. Powell, L.
Author-Name: Thompson, B.
Author-Name: Tucker, K.L.
Author-Name: Warnecke, R.B.
Author-Name: McCarthy, W.J.
Author-Name: Viswanath, K.V.
Author-Name: Henderson, J.A.
Author-Name: Calhoun, E.A.
Author-Name: Williams, D.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S374-S376
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302386
Keywords: ancestry group;  epidemiology;  health care delivery;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  health disparity;  health service;  human;  management;  national health organization;  research;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Epidemiologic Research Design;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  National Institutes of Health (U.S.);  Policy Making;  Research;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302386_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in sexual orientation missing data over a decade of the California health interview survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jans, M.
Author-Name: Viana, J.
Author-Name: Grant, D.
Author-Name: Cochran, S.D.
Author-Name: Lee, A.C.
Author-Name: Ponce, N.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e43-e50
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302514
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302514
Abstract: Objectives: We explored changes in sexual orientation question item completion in a large statewide health survey. Methods: We used 2003 to 2011 California Health Interview Survey data to investigate sexual orientation item nonresponse and sexual minority self-identification trends in a cross-sectional sample representing the noninstitutionalized California household population aged 18 to 70 years (n = 182 812 adults). Results: Asians, Hispanics, limited-English-proficient respondents, and those interviewed in non-English languages showed the greatest declines in sexual orientation item nonresponse. Asian women, regardless of English-proficiency status, had the highest odds of item nonresponse. Spanish interviews produced more nonresponse than English interviews and Asian-language interviews produced less nonresponse when we controlled for demographic factors and survey cycle. Sexual minority self-identification increased in concert with the item nonresponse decline. Conclusions: Sexual orientation nonresponse declines and the increase in sexual minority identification suggest greater acceptability of sexual orientation assessment in surveys. Item nonresponse rate convergence among races/ethnicities, language proficiency groups, and interview languages shows that sexual orientation can be measured in surveys of diverse populations.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  ancestry group;  Asian American;  California;  Caucasian;  cross-sectional study;  epidemiology;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  female;  health survey;  Hispanic;  human;  information processing;  male;  middle aged;  sexual behavior;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Asian Americans;  California;  Continental Population Groups;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Data Collection;  Ethnic Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Surveys;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Sexual Behavior;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302514_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The perceived consequences of gold mining in Postwar El Salvador: A qualitative study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zakrison, T.L.
Author-Name: Cabezas, P.
Author-Name: Valle, E.
Author-Name: Kornfeld, J.
Author-Name: Muntaner, C.
Author-Name: Soklaridis, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2382-2387
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302832
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302832
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated themes related to the health and environmental impacts of gold mining in El Salvador. Methods. Over a 1-month period in 2013, we conducted focus groups (n = 32 participants in total) and individual semistructured interviews (n = 11) with community leaders until we achieved thematic saturation. Data collection took place in 4 departments throughout the country. We used a combination of criterion-purposive and snowballing sampling techniques to identify participants. Results. Multiple themes emerged: (1) the fallacy of economic development; (2) critique of mining activities; (3) the creation of mining-related violence, with parallels to El Salvador's civil war; and (4) solutions and alternatives to mining activity. Solutions involved the creation of cooperative microenterprises for sustainable economic growth, political empowerment within communities, and development of local participatory democracies. Conclusions. Gold mining in El Salvador is perceived as a significant environmental and public health threat. Local solutions may be applicable broadly.
Keywords: gold, economic development;  El Salvador;  environment;  female;  human;  interview;  male;  mining;  organization and management;  psychology;  qualitative research;  violence, Economic Development;  El Salvador;  Environment;  Female;  Gold;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Mining;  Qualitative Research;  Violence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302832_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A case study examination of structure and function in a state health department chronic disease unit
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Alongi, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e15-e22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302354
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302354
Abstract: Objectives: I explored the structural and operational practices of the chronic disease prevention and control unit of a state health department and proposed a conceptual model of structure, function, and effectiveness for future study. Methods: My exploratory case study examined 7 elements of organizational structure and practice. My interviews with staff and external stakeholders of a single chronic disease unit yielded quantitative and qualitative data that I coded by perspective, process, relationship, and activity. I analyzed these for patterns and emerging themes. Results. Chi-square analysis revealed significant correlations among collaboration with goal ambiguity, political support, and responsiveness, and evidencebased decisions with goal ambiguity and responsiveness. Conclusions. Although my study design did not permit conclusions about causality, my findings suggested that some elements of themodel might facilitate effectiveness for chronic disease units and should be studied further.My findings might have important implications for identifying levers around which capacity can be built that may strengthen effectiveness.
Keywords: chronic disease;  cooperation;  government;  health services research;  human;  organization;  politics;  professional competence;  public health service;  system analysis, Chronic Disease;  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Organizational Case Studies;  Organizational Objectives;  Politics;  Professional Competence;  Public Health Administration;  State Government;  Systems Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302354_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Quality of public open spaces and recreational walking
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sugiyama, T.
Author-Name: Gunn, L.D.
Author-Name: Christian, H.
Author-Name: Francis, J.
Author-Name: Foster, S.
Author-Name: Hooper, P.
Author-Name: Owen, N.
Author-Name: Giles-Corti, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2490-2495
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302890
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between specific public open space (POS) attributes and recreational walking to local POS. Methods. Between October 2004 and December 2006, 1465 adults of the RESIDential Environments Project, conducted in Perth, Australia, reported whether they walk to a POS for recreation. For each participant, we identified all open spaces larger than 0.8 hectares within 1.6 kilometers from home. On the basis of field audit data, we created 3 scores (presence, count, size-weighted presence) for 19 specific open space attributes. Results. With logistic regression analyses, we found that walking to a POS was associated with the presence of gardens, grassed areas, walking paths, water features, wildlife, amenities, dog-related facilities, and off-leash areas for dogs. It was also associated with the highest number of these attributes in a single open space, but not with the total number of attributes in all POSs within 1.6 kilometers of home. Conclusions. Building 1 high-quality local park may be more effective in promoting recreational walking than is providing many average-quality parks.
Keywords: adult;  animal;  dog;  environmental planning;  female;  human;  male;  questionnaire;  recreation;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  urban population;  walking;  Western Australia, Adult;  Animals;  Dogs;  Environment Design;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Recreation;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Urban Population;  Walking;  Western Australia
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302890_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A survey of Texas HIV, sexually transmitted disease, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis providers' billing and reimbursement capabilities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Flynn, M.B.
Author-Name: Atwood, R.
Author-Name: Greenberg, J.B.
Author-Name: Ray, T.
Author-Name: Harris, K.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S686-S689
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302734
Abstract: The Affordable Care Act presents financial challenges and opportunities for publicly funded service providers. We assessed billing practices and anticipated barriers to thirdparty billing among organizations in Texas that provide publicly funded HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis services. One third to one half of the organizations did not bill for medical services. The most common barrier to third-party billing was lack of staff knowledge about billing and coding. Future research must evaluate options for organizations and communities to maintain access to infectious disease services for vulnerable populations.
Keywords: coding;  economics;  financial management;  health care policy;  health center;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  medical care;  organization and management;  outpatient department;  pilot study;  public health service;  reimbursement;  safety net hospital;  sexually transmitted disease;  statistics and numerical data;  Texas;  tuberculosis;  United States;  virus hepatitis, Clinical Coding;  Community Health Centers;  Financing, Personal;  Hepatitis, Viral, Human;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Health;  Insurance, Health, Reimbursement;  Medical Assistance;  Outpatient Clinics, Hospital;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Pilot Projects;  Public Health Administration;  Safety-net Providers;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Texas;  Tuberculosis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302734_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Missed policy opportunities to advance health equity by recording demographic data in electronic health records
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Douglas, M.D.
Author-Name: Dawes, D.E.
Author-Name: Holden, K.B.
Author-Name: Mack, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S380-S388
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302384
Abstract: The science of eliminating health disparities is complex and dependent on demographic data. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) encourages the adoption of electronic health records and requires basic demographic data collection; however, current data generated are insufficient to address known health disparities in vulnerable populations, including individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, with disabilities, and with diverse sexual identities. We conducted an administrative history of HITECH and identified gaps between the policy objective and required measure. We identified 20 opportunities for change and 5 changes, 2 of which required the collection of less data. Until health care demographic data collection requirements are consistent with public health requirements, the national goal of eliminating health disparities cannot be realized.
Keywords: demography;  electronic medical record;  ethnic group;  health care disparity;  health care policy;  health disparity;  human;  information processing;  legislation and jurisprudence;  meaningful use criteria;  United States;  vulnerable population, Data Collection;  Demography;  Electronic Health Records;  Ethnic Groups;  Health Policy;  Health Status Disparities;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Meaningful Use;  United States;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302384_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Generating health estimates by zip code: A semiparametric small area estimation approach using the California health interview survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wang, Y.
Author-Name: Ponce, N.A.
Author-Name: Wang, P.
Author-Name: Opsomer, J.D.
Author-Name: Yu, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2534-2540
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302810
Abstract: Objectives. We propose a method to meet challenges in generating health estimates for granular geographic areas in which the survey sample size is extremely small. Methods. Our generalized linear mixed model predicts health outcomes using both individual-level and neighborhood-level predictors. The model's feature of nonparametric smoothing function on neighborhood-level variables better captures the association between neighborhood environment and the outcome. Using 2011 to 2012 data from the California Health Interview Survey, we demonstrate an empirical application of this method to estimate the fraction of residents without health insurance for Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs). Results. Our method generated stable estimates of uninsurance for 1519 of 1765 ZCTAs (86%) in California. For some areas with great socioeconomic diversity across adjacent neighborhoods, such as Los Angeles County, the modeled uninsured estimates revealed much heterogeneity among geographically adjacent ZCTAs. Conclusions. The proposed method can increase the value of health surveys by providing modeled estimates for health data at a granular geographic level. It can account for variations in health outcomes at the neighborhood level as a result of both socioeconomic characteristics and geographic locations.
Keywords: California;  epidemiology;  health status;  health survey;  human;  interview;  procedures;  reproducibility;  statistical model;  statistics, California;  Health Status;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Models, Statistical;  Reproducibility of Results;  Statistics as Topic
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302810_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Leon et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leon, J.S.
Author-Name: Winskell, K.
Author-Name: McFarland, D.A.
Author-Name: Del Rio, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302790
Keywords: academic achievement;  health;  human;  medical education;  problem based learning;  procedures, Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Global Health;  Humans;  Problem-Based Learning
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302790_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sustainability: The critical piece in a successful intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Varma, D.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302702
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302702_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Pictorial cigarette pack warnings have important effects
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Noar, S.M.
Author-Name: Hall, M.G.
Author-Name: Brewer, N.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302510
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302510
Keywords: human;  packaging;  procedures;  psychology;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  tobacco, Humans;  Product Labeling;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Tobacco Products
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302510_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of trying electronic cigarettes on cigarette smoking by college students: A prospective analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sutfin, E.L.
Author-Name: Reboussin, B.A.
Author-Name: Debinski, B.
Author-Name: Wagoner, K.G.
Author-Name: Spangler, J.
Author-Name: Wolfson, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e83-e89
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302707
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the impact of trying electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on future cigarette smoking in a sample of smokers enrolled in college. Methods. In this longitudinal study, first-semester college students at 7 colleges in North Carolina and 4 in Virginia completed a baseline survey and 5 follow-up surveys between fall 2010 and fall 2013. Current cigarette smoking at wave 6 was the primary outcome. Participants (n = 271) reported current cigarette smoking at baseline and no history of e-cigarette use. We measured trying e-cigarettes at each wave, defined as use in the past 6 months. Results. By wave 5, 43.5% had tried e-cigarettes. Even after controlling for other variables associated with cigarette smoking, trying e-cigarettes was a significant predictor of cigarette smoking at wave 6 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 4.66), as were friends' cigarette smoking (AOR = 4.20; 95% CI = 2.22, 7.96) and lifetime use of other tobacco products (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.17). Conclusions. Trying e-cigarettes during college did not deter cigarette smoking and may have contributed to continued smoking. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: electronic cigarette;  epidemiology;  human;  male;  North Carolina;  psychology;  questionnaire;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  university;  utilization;  Virginia, Electronic Cigarettes;  Humans;  Male;  North Carolina;  Smoking;  Students;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Universities;  Virginia
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302707_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: High alcohol concentration products associated with poverty and state alcohol policies
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rossheim, M.E.
Author-Name: Thombs, D.L.
Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C.
Author-Name: Xuan, Z.
Author-Name: Aryal, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1886-1892
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302705
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the associations among zip code demographics, the state alcohol policy environment, and the retail outlet availability of multiple fruit-flavored alcoholic drinks in a can (MFAC). Methods. In a nationally representative sample of zip codes (n = 872), we merged data from 4 sources: publicly available marketing information from 2 major MFAC producers, the US Census Bureau, state alcohol regulatory agencies, and recent research on state alcohol policies. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine MFAC outlet availability in the United States. Results. More than 98% of MFAC outlets were off-premises alcohol establishments. After we controlled for population size and the number of licensed onand off-premises alcohol outlets within zip codes, more families below the poverty line and weaker state alcohol control policies were associated with greater MFAC outlet availability. Conclusions. Economic conditions and alcohol policy environment appeared to be related to MFAC outlet availability, after adjusting for the general availability of alcohol. Research is needed to determine whether MFACs are disproportionately contributing to alcohol-related harm in socially and economically disadvantaged communities. Policies to better regulate the off-premises sale of alcohol are needed.
Keywords: flavoring agent, alcoholic beverage;  chemistry;  commercial phenomena;  demography;  drinking behavior;  female;  government;  government regulation;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  poverty;  United States, Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Commerce;  Demography;  Female;  Flavoring Agents;  Government Regulation;  Humans;  Male;  Poverty;  State Government;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302705_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Labor unions: A public health institution
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Malinowski, B.
Author-Name: Minkler, M.
Author-Name: Stock, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-271
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302309
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302309
Abstract: Using a social-ecological framework, we drew on a targeted literature review and historical and contemporary cases from the US labor movement to illustrate how unions address physical and psychosocial conditions of work and the underlying inequalities and social determinants of health. We reviewed labor involvement in tobacco cessation, hypertension control, and asthma, limiting articles to those in English published in peer-reviewed public health or medical journals from 1970 to 2013. More rigorous research is needed on potential pathways from union membership to health outcomes and the facilitators of and barriers to union-public health collaboration. Despite occasional challenges, public health professionals should increase their efforts to engage with unions as critical partners.
Keywords: asthma;  health status;  history;  human;  hypertension;  organization and management;  public health;  smoking cessation;  trade union;  United States;  workplace, Asthma;  Health Status;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Labor Unions;  Public Health;  Smoking Cessation;  United States;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302309_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluating the use of an electronic death registration system for mortality surveillance during and after hurricane sandy: New York City, 2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Howland, R.E.
Author-Name: Li, W.
Author-Name: Madsen, A.M.
Author-Name: Wong, H.
Author-Name: Das, T.
Author-Name: Betancourt, F.M.
Author-Name: Nicaj, L.
Author-Name: Stayton, C.
Author-Name: Matte, T.
Author-Name: Begier, E.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e55-e62
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302784
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the use of New York City's (NYC's) electronic death registration system (EDRS) to conduct mortality surveillance during and after Hurricane Sandy. Methods. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for surveillance system evaluation to gather evidence on usefulness, flexibility, stability, timeliness, and quality. We assessed system components, interviewed NYC Health Department staff, and analyzed 2010 to 2012 death records. Results. Despite widespread disruptions, NYC's EDRS was stable and collected timely mortality data that were adapted to provide storm surveillance with minimal additional resources. Direct-injury fatalities and trends in excess all-cause mortality were rapidly identified, providing useful information for response; however, the time and burden of establishing reports, adapting the system, and identifying indirect deaths limited surveillance. Conclusions. The NYC Health Department successfully adapted its EDRS for near real-time disaster-related mortality surveillance. Retrospective assessment of deaths, advanced methods for case identification and analysis, standardized reports, and system enhancements will further improve surveillance. Local, state, and federal partners would benefit from partnering with vital records to develop EDRSs for surveillance and to promote ongoing evaluation.
Keywords: death certificate;  disaster;  epidemiology;  female;  health survey;  human;  hurricane;  information system;  male;  mortality;  New York;  organization and management;  procedures;  retrospective study;  standards;  time factor, Cyclonic Storms;  Death Certificates;  Disasters;  Female;  Humans;  Information Systems;  Male;  New York City;  Population Surveillance;  Retrospective Studies;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302784_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State firearm legislation and nonfatal firearm injuries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simonetti, J.A.
Author-Name: Rowhani-Rahbar, A.
Author-Name: Mills, B.
Author-Name: Young, B.
Author-Name: Rivara, F.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1703-1709
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302617
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302617
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated whether stricter state-level firearm legislation was associated with lower hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries. Methods. We estimated discharge rates for hospitalized and emergency department-treated nonfatal firearm injuries in 18 states in 2010 and used negative binomial regression to determine whether strength of state firearm legislation was independently associated with total nonfatal firearm injury discharge rates. Results. We identified 26 744 discharges for nonfatal firearm injuries. The overall age-adjusted discharge rate was 19.0 per 100 000 person-years (state range = 3.3-36.6), including 7.9 and 11.1 discharges per 100 000 for hospitalized and emergency department-treated injuries, respectively. In models adjusting for differences in state sociodemographic characteristics and economic conditions, states in the strictest tertile of legislative strength had lower discharge rates for total (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 0.82), assault-related (IRR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.99), self-inflicted (IRR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.24), and unintentional (IRR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.84) nonfatal firearm injuries. Conclusions. There is significant variation in state-level hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries, and stricter state firearm legislation is associated with lower discharge rates for such injuries. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: cross-sectional study;  economics;  firearm;  government;  health care cost;  hospital discharge;  hospitalization;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  Wounds, Gunshot, Cross-Sectional Studies;  Firearms;  Health Care Costs;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Patient Discharge;  State Government;  United States;  Wounds, Gunshot
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302617_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krahn, G.L.
Author-Name: Walker, D.K.
Author-Name: Correa-De-Araujo, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S198-S206
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302182
Abstract: Disability is an emerging field within public health; people with significant disabilities account formore than 12%of the US population. Disparity status for this group would allow federal and state governments to actively work to reduce inequities. We summarize the evidence and recommend that observed differences are sufficient to meet the criteria for health disparities: populationlevel differences in health outcomes that are related to a history of wide-ranging disadvantages, which are avoidable and not primarily caused by the underlying disability. We recommend future research and policy directions to address health inequities for individuals with disabilities; these include improved access to health care and human services, increased data to support decision-making, strengthened health and human services workforce capacity, explicit inclusion of disability in public health programs, and increased emergency preparedness.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  crime victim;  disabled person;  environment;  health behavior;  health care delivery;  health disparity;  human;  middle aged;  organization and management;  prejudice;  public health service;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  transition to adult care;  very elderly;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Crime Victims;  Disabled Persons;  Environment;  Health Behavior;  Health Services Accessibility;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Prejudice;  Public Health Administration;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Transition to Adult Care;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302182_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health intelligence: Learning from the Ebola crisis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carney, T.J.
Author-Name: Weber, D.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1740-1744
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302771
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302771
Abstract: Public Health Intelligence: Learning From the Ebola Crisis Today's public health crises, as exemplified by the Ebola outbreak, lead to dramatic calls to action that typically include improved electronic monitoring systems to better prepare for, and respond to, similar occurrences in the future. Even a preliminary public health informatics evaluationof the current Ebola crisis exposes the need for enhanced coordination and sharing of trustworthy public health intelligence. We call for a consumercentric model of public health intelligence and the formation of a national center to guide public health intelligence gathering and synthesis. Sharing accurate and actionable information with government agencies, health care practitioners, policymakers, and, critically, the general public, will mark a shift from doing public health surveillance on people to doing public health surveillance for people.
Keywords: Disease Outbreaks;  health survey;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  medical informatics;  organization and management;  procedures;  public health service, Disease Outbreaks;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Informatics;  Public Health Surveillance
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302771_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The CDC clearance process: Supporting quality science
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cono, J.
Author-Name: Jaffe, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302691
Keywords: human;  information dissemination;  organization and management;  peer review;  public health service;  publishing, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);  Editorial Policies;  Humans;  Information Dissemination;  Peer Review, Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302691_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Child farm laborers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Win, A.Z.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1312
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Weighing in: The taste-engineering frame in obesity expert discourse
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ortiz, S.E.
Author-Name: Zimmerman, F.J.
Author-Name: Gilliam, F.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 554-559
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302273
Abstract: Objectives. We sought expert opinion on the problems with 2 dominant obesityprevention discourse frames-personal responsibility and the environment-and examined alternative frames for understanding and addressing obesity.
Keywords: advertizing;  Behavior, Addictive;  catering service;  decision making;  food industry;  health personnel attitude;  human;  hyperphagia;  marketing;  obesity;  procedures;  psychology;  qualitative research;  social behavior;  standards;  taste;  United States, Advertising as Topic;  Attitude of Health Personnel;  Behavior, Addictive;  Choice Behavior;  Food Industry;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Hyperphagia;  Marketing;  Obesity;  Qualitative Research;  Social Responsibility;  Taste;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302273_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing the effects of a complementary parent intervention and prior exposure to a preadolescent program of HIV risk reduction for mid-adolescents
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stanton, B.
Author-Name: Wang, B.
Author-Name: Deveaux, L.
Author-Name: Lunn, S.
Author-Name: Rolle, G.
Author-Name: Li, X.
Author-Name: Braithwaite, N.
Author-Name: Dinaj-Koci, V.
Author-Name: Marshall, S.
Author-Name: Gomez, P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 575-583
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302345
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302345
Abstract: Objectives. We (1) evaluated the impact of an evidence-based HIV prevention program with and without a parent component among mid-adolescents living in the Caribbean and (2) determined the effect of prior receipt of a related intervention during preadolescence on intervention response.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  attitude to health;  Bahamas;  child;  child parent relation;  condom;  controlled study;  decision making;  education;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  interpersonal communication;  male;  parent;  physiology;  procedures;  psychology;  randomized controlled trial;  risk reduction;  self concept;  sexual education;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Bahamas;  Child;  Communication;  Condoms;  Decision Making;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Parent-Child Relations;  Parents;  Risk Reduction Behavior;  Self Efficacy;  Sex Education
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302345_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A community-based oral public health approach to promote health equity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Author-Name: Yu, C.
Author-Name: Chakraborty, B.
Author-Name: Greenblatt, A.P.
Author-Name: Mark, J.
Author-Name: Golembeski, C.
Author-Name: Cheng, B.
Author-Name: Kunzel, C.
Author-Name: Metcalf, S.S.
Author-Name: Marshall, S.E.
Author-Name: Lamster, I.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S459-S465
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302562
Abstract: Objectives. We explored the interrelationships among diabetes, hypertension, and missing teeth among underserved racial/ethnic minority elders. Methods. Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics and information about health and health care were provided by community-dwelling ElderSmile participants, aged 50 years and older, who took part in community-based oral health education and completed a screening questionnaire at senior centers in Manhattan, New York, from 2010 to 2012. Results. Multivariable models (both binary and ordinal logistic regression) were consistent, in that both older age and Medicaid coverage were important covariates when self-reported diabetes and self-reported hypertension were included, along with an interaction term between self-reported diabetes and self-reported hypertension. Conclusions. An oral public health approach conceptualized as the intersection of 3 domains-dentistry, medicine, and public health-might prove useful in place-based assessment and delivery of services to underserved older adults. Further, an ordinal logit model that considers levels of missing teeth might allow for more informative and interpretable results than a binary logit model.
Keywords: aged;  clinical trial;  community care;  cross-sectional study;  diabetes mellitus;  elderly care;  female;  health promotion;  human;  hypertension;  male;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  organization and management;  questionnaire;  self report;  socioeconomics;  Tooth Loss;  United States, Aged;  Community Health Services;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Health Services for the Aged;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Self Report;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Tooth Loss
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302562_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Eliminating health disparities: Innovative methods to improve cervical cancer screening in a medically underserved population
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bharel, M.
Author-Name: Santiago, E.R.
Author-Name: Forgione, S.N.
Author-Name: León, C.K.
Author-Name: Weinreb, L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S438-S442
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302417
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302417
Abstract: Homeless women have disproportionately lower rates of cervical cancer screening and higher rates of cervical cancer. In 2008, only 19% of the homeless women seen by Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP) were screened for cervical cancer. To improve screening, BHCHP implemented a 6-part intervention that incorporates point-of-care service, multidisciplinary screening, improved health maintenance forms, population management, process improvement, and increased provider and patient education. This resulted in a significant increase in cervical cancer screening, from 19% in 2008 to 50% in 2013. When compared with national and local cervical cancer screening trends, BHCHP surpassed improvement rates seen in other vulnerable populations. Simple and innovative interventions proved to be the most effective and practical methods of improving screening.
Keywords: adult;  female;  health care disparity;  health care planning;  homelessness;  human;  mass screening;  non profit organization;  organization;  patient education;  procedures;  total quality management;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Adult;  Boston;  Female;  Healthcare Disparities;  Homeless Persons;  Humans;  Mass Screening;  Medically Underserved Area;  Organizational Innovation;  Organizations, Nonprofit;  Patient Education as Topic;  Quality Improvement;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302417_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The potential and reality of physical education in controlling overweight and obesity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kahan, D.
Author-Name: McKenzie, T.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 653-659
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302355
Abstract: Although preventing youth overweight and obesity is a public health priority, quality physical education (PE) is marginalized in practice. In May 2014, we estimated energy expenditure (EE; derived from PE frequency, duration, and intensity; mean student mass; and class size) from national recommendations and data from the 19 US states with PE duration guidelines, under 3 scenarios: potential (quality PE, defined as 50% moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]), reality (MVPA = 35%), and classroom instruction only. Students in schools following nationally recommended PE standards from grades 1 through 10 could expend from 35 000 to 90 000 more kilocalories than students who received classroom instruction instead. PE's potential for increasing student EE will only be realized with stronger school policies and increased accountability. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  child;  energy metabolism;  exercise;  female;  human;  male;  obesity;  organization and management;  Overweight;  physical education;  public health;  school;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  time, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Child;  Energy Metabolism;  Exercise;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Obesity;  Overweight;  Physical Education and Training;  Public Health;  Schools;  Sex Factors;  Time Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302355_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Accountable care for the poor and underserved: Minnesota's Hennepin Health model
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blewett, L.A.
Author-Name: Owen, R.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 622-624
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302432
Abstract: Hennepin Health provides integrated medical and social services to low-income Medicaid patients in a large county located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Data sharing is critical to program operations along with care coordination provided by community health workers. Early evidence indicates fewer emergency department visits and increased use of outpatient primary care. By focusing on prevention, coordination, and team-based care, the county hopes to improve individuals' quality of life while reducing costs through better care management and reductions in emergency department use. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: accountable care organization;  health auxiliary;  health service;  human;  medicaid;  medical information system;  mental health service;  organization and management;  public relations;  social work;  United States, Accountable Care Organizations;  Community Health Workers;  Health Information Exchange;  Health Services Administration;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Medicaid;  Mental Health Services;  Minnesota;  Social Work;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302432_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Profiles of food security for US farmworker households and factors related to dynamic of change
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ip, E.H.
Author-Name: Saldana, S.
Author-Name: Arcury, T.A.
Author-Name: Grzywacz, J.G.
Author-Name: Trejo, G.
Author-Name: Quandt, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e42-e47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302752
Abstract: Objectives. We recruited 248 farmworker families with preschool-aged children in North Carolina and examined food security indicators over 24 months to identify food security patterns and examine the dynamic of change over time. Methods. Participants in the Niños Sanos study, conducted 2011 to 2014, completed quarterly food security assessments. Based on responses to items in the US Household Food Security Survey Module, we identified different states of food security by using hidden Markov model analysis, and examined factors associated with different states. We delineated factors associated with changes in state by using mixed-effect ordinal logistic regression. Results. About half of the households (51%) consistently stayed in the most food-secure state. The least food-secure state was transient, with only 29% probability of this state for 2 consecutive quarters. Seasonal (vs migrant) work status, having immigration documents (vs not documented), and season predicted higher levels of food security. Conclusions. Heterogeneity in food security among farmworker households calls for tailoring intervention strategies. The transiency and unpredictability of low food security suggest that access to safety-net programs could reduce low food security risk in this population.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  agricultural worker;  catering service;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  middle aged;  migration;  probability;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Farmers;  Female;  Food Supply;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Markov Chains;  Middle Aged;  North Carolina;  Risk Factors;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Transients and Migrants;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302752_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Perspectives of Maryland adults regarding caries prevention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Horowitz, A.M.
Author-Name: Kleinman, D.V.
Author-Name: Child, W.
Author-Name: Maybury, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e58-e64
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302565
Abstract: Objectives: We obtained in-depth information from low-income parents and caregivers of young children about their knowledge and understanding of and practices related to the prevention and control of dental caries (tooth decay). Methods: In 2010, we conducted 4 focus groups in Maryland communities with low-income, English-speaking parents and caregivers who had at least 1 child aged 6 years or younger or who were pregnant. We developed a focus group guide based on findings of a previous statewide random telephone survey of adults with young children. Results: Most participants had limited understanding of and extensive misinformation about how to prevent dental caries. They were confused about the use of juice and its impact on their child's teeth and had limited understanding of the use of fluorides to prevent caries. Most did not drink tap water and did not give it to their children; rather, they used bottled water. Conclusions: These results and those of the statewide telephone survey strongly suggest the need for educational interventions designed for those with limited levels of education.
Keywords: fluoride, attitude to health;  caregiver;  child;  dental caries;  dental procedure;  female;  human;  infant;  information processing;  male;  parent;  poverty;  preschool child;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Caregivers;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Dental Care for Children;  Dental Caries;  Female;  Fluorides;  Focus Groups;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Infant;  Male;  Maryland;  Parents;  Poverty
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302565_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Patient preference as a barrier to needed care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ibrahim, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 613-614
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302603
Keywords: differential diagnosis;  doctor patient relation;  human;  patient care;  patient preference;  procedures, Diagnosis, Differential;  Humans;  Patient Preference;  Patient-Centered Care;  Physician-Patient Relations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302603_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Relationships among providing maternal, child, and adolescent health services; Implementing various financial strategy responses; And performance of local health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Issel, L.M.
Author-Name: Olorunsaiye, C.
Author-Name: Snebold, L.
Author-Name: Handler, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S244-S251
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302288
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302288
Abstract: Objectives: We explored the relationships between local health department (LHD) structure, capacity, and macro-context variables and performance of essential public health services (EPHS). Methods: In 2012, we assessed a stratified, random sample of 195 LHDs that provided data via an online survey regarding performance of EPHS, the services provided or contracted out, the financial strategies used in response to budgetary pressures, and the extent of collaborations.We performed weighted analyses that included analysis of variance, pairwise correlations by jurisdiction population size, and linear regressions. Results: On average, LHDs provided approximately 13 (36%) of 35 possible services either directly or by contract. Rather than cut services or externally consolidating, LHDs took steps to generate more revenue and maximize capacity. Higher LHD performance of EPHS was significantly associated with delivering more services, initiating more financial strategies, and engaging in collaboration, after adjusting for the effects of the Affordable Care Act and jurisdiction size. Conclusions: During changing economic and health care environments, we found that strong structural capacity enhanced local health department EPHS performance for maternal, child, and adolescent health.
Keywords: adolescent;  child;  child health care;  cooperation;  government;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  health service;  human;  organization and management;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data;  system analysis;  United States, Adolescent;  Adolescent Health Services;  Child;  Child Health Services;  Cooperative Behavior;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Local Government;  Maternal Health Services;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302288_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: Systematic review of the effect of pictorial warnings on cigarette packages in smoking behavior. (American Public Health Association Inc. (2014) 104:10 (e11-e30) Doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302129)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Monárrez-Espino, J.
Author-Name: Liu, B.
Author-Name: Greiner, F.
Author-Name: Bremberg, S.
Author-Name: Galanti, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302027e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302027e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302027e_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Implementation science and the criminal justice system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ibañez, G.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302826
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302826
Keywords: counseling;  female;  health education;  human;  organization and management;  prisoner;  sexual behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Counseling;  Female;  Health Education;  Humans;  Prisoners;  Sexual Behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302826_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Notice of retraction: Plagiarism in Win AZ. "child farm laborers." American Journal of Public Health 2015;105(7):1312. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302623
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1726
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.1057.1726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.1057.1726
Keywords: retracted article
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.1057.1726_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Long-term effectiveness of accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shah, D.P.
Author-Name: Grimes, C.Z.
Author-Name: Nguyen, A.T.
Author-Name: Lai, D.
Author-Name: Hwang, L.-Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e36-e43
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302487
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302487
Abstract: Objectives. We demonstrated the effectiveness of an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users. Methods. We compared the long-term effectiveness of accelerated (0-1-2 months) and standard (0-1-6 months) hepatitis B vaccination schedules in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) antibody loss during 2-year follow-up in 707 drug users (HIV and HBV negative at enrollment and completed 3 vaccine doses) from February 2004 to October 2009. Results. Drug users in the accelerated schedule group had significantly lower HBV infection rates, but had a similar rate of anti-HBs antibody loss compared with the standard schedule group over 2 years of follow-up. No chronic HBV infections were observed. Hepatitis C positivity at enrollment and age younger than 40 years were independent risk factors for HBV infection and antibody loss, respectively. Conclusions. An accelerated vaccination schedule was more preferable than a standard vaccination schedule in preventing HBV infections in drug users. To overcome the disadvantages of a standard vaccination schedule, an accelerated vaccination schedule should be considered in drug users with low adherence. Our study should be repeated in different cohorts to validate our findings and establish the role of an accelerated schedule in hepatitis B vaccination guidelines for drug users. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: hepatitis B vaccine, adult;  controlled study;  drug use;  female;  hepatitis B;  human;  immunization;  immunology;  incidence;  male;  middle aged;  questionnaire;  randomized controlled trial;  United States, Adult;  Drug Users;  Female;  Hepatitis B;  Hepatitis B Vaccines;  Humans;  Immunization Schedule;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Texas
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302487_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among middle-school students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rice, E.
Author-Name: Petering, R.
Author-Name: Rhoades, H.
Author-Name: Winetrobe, H.
Author-Name: Goldbach, J.
Author-Name: Plant, A.
Author-Name: Montoya, J.
Author-Name: Kordic, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e66-e72
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302393
Abstract: Objectives. We examined correlations between gender, race, sexual identity, and technology use, and patterns of cyberbullying experiences and behaviors among middle-school students.
Keywords: adolescent;  bullying;  California;  child;  e-mail;  female;  gender identity;  high risk behavior;  human;  male;  psychology;  sex ratio;  sexual behavior;  social media;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  text messaging;  trends, Adolescent;  Bullying;  Child;  Electronic Mail;  Female;  Gender Identity;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Los Angeles;  Male;  Risk-Taking;  Sex Distribution;  Sexual Behavior;  Social Media;  Students;  Text Messaging
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302393_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fast-food fights: News coverage of local efforts to improve food environments through land-use regulations, 2000-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nixon, L.
Author-Name: Mejia, P.
Author-Name: Dorfman, L.
Author-Name: Cheyne, A.
Author-Name: Young, S.
Author-Name: Friedman, L.C.
Author-Name: Gottlieb, M.A.
Author-Name: Wooten, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 490-496
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368
Abstract: Zoning and other land-use policies are a promising but controversial strategy to improve community food environments. To understand how these policies are debated, we searched existing databases and the Internet and analyzed news coverage and legal documentation of efforts to restrict fast-food restaurants in 77 US communities in 2001 to 2013. Policies intended to improve community health were most often proposed in urban, racially diverse communities; policies proposed in small towns or majority-White communities aimed to protect community aesthetics or local businesses. Health-focused policies were subject to more criticism than other policies and were generally less successful. Our findings could inform the work of advocates interested in employing land-use policies to improve the food environment in their own communities.
Keywords: bibliometrics;  catering service;  city planning;  classification;  demography;  environmental planning;  factual database;  fast food;  government;  government regulation;  health care policy;  human;  Internet;  legislation and jurisprudence;  publication;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  supply and distribution;  trends;  United States, Bibliometrics;  City Planning;  Databases, Factual;  Environment Design;  Fast Foods;  Government Regulation;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Internet;  Local Government;  Newspapers;  Residence Characteristics;  Restaurants;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluating a large-scale community-based intervention to improve pregnancy and newborn health among the rural poor in India
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Acharya, A.
Author-Name: Lalwani, T.
Author-Name: Dutta, R.
Author-Name: Rajaratnam, J.K.
Author-Name: Ruducha, J.
Author-Name: Varkey, L.C.
Author-Name: Wunnava, S.
Author-Name: Menezes, L.
Author-Name: Taylor, C.
Author-Name: Bernson, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 144-152
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302092
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302092
Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of the Sure Start project, which was implemented in 7 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, to improve maternal and newborn health. Methods: Interventions were implemented at 2 randomly assigned levels of intensity. Forty percent of the areas received a more intense intervention, including community-level meetings with expectant mothers. A baseline survey consisted of 12 000 women who completed pregnancy in 2007; a follow-up survey was conducted for women in 2010 in the same villages. Our quantitative analyses provide an account of the project's impact. Results: We observed significant health improvements in both intervention areas over time; in the more intensive intervention areas, we found greater improvements in care-seeking and healthy behaviors. The more intensive intervention areas did not experience a significantly greater decline in neonatal mortality. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that community-based efforts, especially mothers' group meetings designed to increase care-seeking and healthy behaviors, are effective and can be implemented at large scale.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302092_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Latino population growth and hospital uncompensated care in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chen, J.
Author-Name: O'Brien, M.J.
Author-Name: Mennis, J.
Author-Name: Alos, V.A.
Author-Name: Grande, D.T.
Author-Name: Roby, D.H.
Author-Name: Ortega, A.N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1710-1717
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302583
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the association between the size and growth of Latino populations and hospitals' uncompensated care in California. Methods. Our sample consisted of general acute care hospitals in California operating during 2000 and 2010 (n = 251). We merged California hospital data with US Census data for each hospital service area. We used spatial analysis, multivariate regression, and fixed-effect models. Results. We found a significant association between the growth of California's Latino population and hospitals' uncompensated care in the unadjusted regression. This association was still significant after we controlled for hospital and community population characteristics. After we added market characteristics into the final model, this relationship became nonsignificant. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that systematic support is needed in areas with rapid Latino population growth to control hospitals' uncompensated care, especially if Latinos are excluded from or do not respond to the insurance options made available through the Affordable Care Act. Improving availability of resources for hospitals and providers in areas with high Latino population growth could help alleviate financial pressures. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: California;  community care;  epidemiology;  Hispanic;  hospital;  hospital cost;  hospitalization;  human;  population growth;  statistics and numerical data, California;  Hispanic Americans;  Hospital Costs;  Hospitalization;  Hospitals;  Humans;  Population Growth;  Uncompensated Care
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302583_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: E-cigarette use among never-smoking California students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bostean, G.
Author-Name: Trinidad, D.R.
Author-Name: McCarthy, W.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2423-2425
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302899
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302899
Abstract: We determined the extent to which adolescents who have never used tobacco try e-cigarettes. Data on the prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among 482179 California middle and high school students are from the 2013-2014California Healthy Kids Survey. Overall, 24.4% had ever used e-cigarettes (13.4%have neverusedtobaccoand11.0% have used tobacco), and 12.9% were current e-cigarette users (5.9% have never used tobacco). Among those who have never used tobacco, males and older students were more likely to use e-cigarettes than females and younger students. Hispanics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 1.67) and those of other races (OR= 1.24; CI = 1.19, 1.29) were more likely than Whites to have ever used e-cigarettes, but only among those who had never used smokeless tobacco and never smoked a whole cigarette. E-cigarette use is very prevalent among California students who have never smoked tobacco, especially among Hispanic and other race students, males, and older students.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  California;  electronic cigarette;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  questionnaire;  sex difference;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  utilization, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  California;  Electronic Cigarettes;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Sex Factors;  Smoking;  Students;  Surveys and Questionnaires
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302899_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Differential HIV risk for racial/ethnic minority trans∗female youths and socioeconomic disparities in housing, residential stability, and education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wilson, E.C.
Author-Name: Chen, Y.-H.
Author-Name: Arayasirikul, S.
Author-Name: Fisher, M.
Author-Name: Pomart, W.A.
Author-Name: Le, V.
Author-Name: Raymond, H.F.
Author-Name: McFarland, W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e41-e47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302443
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302443
Abstract: Objectives. We examined HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of 282 trans∗female youths aged 16 to 24 years participating in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, SHINE study from 2012 to 2013 to determine differences between racial/ethnic minority and White youths. Methods. We conducted the χ2 test to determine distributional differences between racial/ethnic minority and White participants in sociodemographic factors, HIV-related risk behaviors, and syndemic factors. Results. Of the trans∗female youths, 4.8% were HIV positive. Racial/ethnic minority and White trans∗female youths differed significantly in gender identity and sexual orientation. Racial/ethnic minority youths also had significantly lower educational attainment, were less likely to have lived with their parents of origin as a child, and were significantly more likely to engage in recent condomless anal intercourse than were Whites. Conclusions. Efforts to assess the impact of multiple-minority stress on racial/ minority trans∗female youths are needed imminently, and prevention efforts must addressmacrolevel disparities for trans∗female youths, especially those from racial/ethnic minority groups, to reduce these disparities and prevent incident cases of HIV.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  ancestry group;  demography;  educational status;  ethnology;  female;  health disparity;  HIV Infections;  human;  information processing;  longitudinal study;  male;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  transgender;  United States;  unsafe sex, Adolescent;  Adult;  Continental Population Groups;  Educational Status;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Health Status Disparities;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Prevalence;  Residence Characteristics;  San Francisco;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Transgender Persons;  Unsafe Sex
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302443_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erratum: A new era for population health: Government, academia, and community moving upstream together (Am J Public Health (2015) 105, suppl 2 (S144) DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Choucair, B.
Author-Name: Bhatt, J.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564e
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564e
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302564e_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Discrepancy in self-report "loosie" use and federal compliance checks
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Baker, H.M.
Author-Name: Lee, J.G.L.
Author-Name: Ranney, L.M.
Author-Name: Goldstein, A.O.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302800
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302800
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  smoking;  supply and distribution;  tobacco, Female;  Humans;  Male;  Smoking;  Tobacco Products
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302800_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Weighted multilevel models: A case study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: West, B.T.
Author-Name: Beer, L.
Author-Name: Gremel, G.W.
Author-Name: Weiser, J.
Author-Name: Johnson, C.H.
Author-Name: Garg, S.
Author-Name: Skarbinski, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2214-2215
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302842
Abstract: Recent advances in statistical software1 have enabled public health researchers to fit multilevel models to a variety of outcome variables. Multilevel models facilitate inferences regarding unexplained variability among randomly sampled clusters of units (e.g., hospitals) in outcomes of interest and identify covariates that explain the variance in a given outcome at each level of a particular data hierarchy (e.g., patients within hospitals).2,3 Models with random intercepts enable researchers to accommodate correlations within higher-level units resulting from longitudinal or clustered study designs, and models with random coefficients enable researchers to identify higher-level covariates that explain between-cluster variance in relationships of interest.
Keywords: HIV Infections;  human;  multilevel analysis;  organization and management;  outpatient department;  procedures;  public health service;  statistical model, Ambulatory Care Facilities;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Models, Statistical;  Multilevel Analysis;  Public Health Practice
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302842_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in educational inequalities in drug poisoning mortality: United States, 1994-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Richardson, R.
Author-Name: Charters, T.
Author-Name: King, N.
Author-Name: Harper, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1859-1865
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302697
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated trends in drug poisoning death rates by educational attainment and investigated educational inequalities in drug poisoning mortality by race, gender, and region. Methods. We linked drug poisoning death counts from the National Vital Statistics System to population denominators from the Current Population Survey to estimate drug poisoning rates by gender, race, region, and educational attainment (less than high school degree, high school degree, some college, college degree) from 1994 to 2010. Results. There were 372 485 drug poisoning deaths. Education-related inequalities increased during the study among all demographic groups and varied by region. Absolute increases in educational inequalities were higher among Whites than Blacks and men than women. The age-adjusted rate difference between White men with less than a high school degree increased from 8.7 per 100 000 in 1994 to 27.4 in 2010 (change = 18.7). Among Black men, the corresponding increases were 11.7 and 18.3, respectively (change = 6.6). Conclusions. We found strong educational patterning in drug poisoning rates, chiefly by region and race. Rates are highest and increasing the fastest among groups with less education.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  ancestry group;  educational status;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  intoxication;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Aged;  Continental Population Groups;  Educational Status;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Poisoning;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302697_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Buffering syndemic effects in a sexual risk-reduction intervention for male clients of female sex workers: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pitpitan, E.V.
Author-Name: Strathdee, S.A.
Author-Name: Semple, S.J.
Author-Name: Chavarin, C.V.
Author-Name: Magis-Rodriguez, C.
Author-Name: Patterson, T.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1866-1871
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302366
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302366
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to test the efficacy of a sexual risk intervention for male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) and examine whether efficacy was moderated by syndemic risk. Methods. From 2010 to 2014, we conducted a 2-arm randomized controlled trial (60-minute, theory-based, safer sex intervention versus a didactic timeequivalent attention control) that included 400 male clients of FSWs on the US- Mexico border with follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 months. We measured 5 syndemic risk factors, including substance use and depression. Primary outcomes were sexually transmitted infections incidence and total unprotected sex with FSWs. Results. Although participants in both groups became safer, there was no significant difference in behavior change between groups. However, baseline syndemic risk moderated intervention efficacy. At baseline, there was a positive association between syndemic risk and unprotected sex. Then at 12 months, longitudinal analyses showed the association depended on intervention participation (B = -0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.22, -0.20; P = .007). Among control participants there still existed this modest association (B = 0.36; 95% CI = -0.49, 1.22; P = .09); among intervention participants there was a significant negative association (B = -0.35; 95% CI = -0.63, -0.06; P = .02). Conclusion. A brief intervention might attenuate syndemic risks among clients of FSWs. Other populations experiencing syndemic problems may also benefit from such programs.
Keywords: adult;  controlled study;  demography;  female;  human;  incidence;  male;  Mexico;  prostitution;  randomized controlled trial;  risk factor;  risk reduction;  safe sex;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Adult;  Demography;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Mexico;  Prostitution;  Risk Factors;  Risk Reduction Behavior;  Safe Sex;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302366_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends and characteristics of the state and local public health workforce, 2010-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beck, A.J.
Author-Name: Boulton, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S303-S310
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302353
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed state and local public health workforce characteristics by occupational category from 2010 to 2013. We also examined health department characteristics to determine whether workforce size and composition varied across these domains. Methods: We analyzed Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (2010, 2012) and National Association of County and City Health Officials (2010, 2013) profile study data, including 47 state health departments and 2005 and 1953 local health departments (LHDs) in 2010 and 2013, respectively. We determined number of workers and percentage of change by occupation, population size, geographic region, and governance structure. Results: The LHD workforce remained stable between 2010 and 2013. In states, the workforce decreased by 4%, with notable decreases in public information (-33%) and public health informatics (-29%); state health departments in small (-9%), New England (-13%), and centralized (-7%) states reported the largest decrease in number of workers. Conclusions: Study findings provide evidence of a shifting public health workforce profile, primarily at the state level. Future research should seek to explain changing workforce patterns and determine whether they are planned or forced responses to changing budgets and service priorities.
Keywords: demography;  government;  human;  manpower;  occupation;  public health service;  statistics and numerical data, Humans;  Local Government;  Occupations;  Public Health Administration;  Residence Characteristics;  State Government
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302353_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Methodological innovations in public health education: Transdisciplinary problem solving
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lawlor, E.F.
Author-Name: Kreuter, M.W.
Author-Name: Sebert-Kuhlmann, A.K.
Author-Name: McBride, T.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S99-S103
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302462
Abstract: In 2008, the faculty of the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis designed a Master of Public Health program centered on transdisciplinary problem solving in public health. We have described the rationale for our approach, guiding principles and pedagogy for the program, and specific transdisciplinary competencies students acquire. We have explained how transdisciplinary content has been organized and delivered, how the program is being evaluated, and how we have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for a Master of Public Health degree.
Keywords: curriculum;  educational model;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  medical education;  organization;  organization and management;  personnel management;  problem based learning;  procedures;  program development;  school;  United States;  university, Competency-Based Education;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Missouri;  Models, Educational;  Organizational Culture;  Problem-Based Learning;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health;  Staff Development
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302462_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: From subject to participant: Ethics and the evolving role of community in health research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bromley, E.
Author-Name: Mikesell, L.
Author-Name: Jones, F.
Author-Name: Khodyakov, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 900-908
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403
Abstract: Belmont Report principles focus on the well-being of the research subject, yet community-engaged investigators often eschew the role of subject for that of participant. We conducted semistructured interviews with 29 community and academic investigators working on 10 community-engaged studies. Interviews elicited perspectives on ethical priorities and ethical challenges. Interviewees drew on the Belmont Report to describe 4 key principles of ethical community-engaged research (embodying ethical action, respecting participants, generalizing beneficence, and negotiating justice). However, novel aspects of the participant role were the source of most ethical challenges. We theorize that the shift in ethical focus from subject to participant will pose new ethical dilemmas for community-engaged investigators and for other constituents interested in increasing community involvement in health research.
Keywords: cooperation;  ethics;  female;  health services research;  human;  interpersonal communication;  male;  mental health service;  organization and management;  participatory research;  personnel;  research ethics, Community-Based Participatory Research;  Cooperative Behavior;  Ethics, Research;  Female;  Health Services Research;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Health Services;  Negotiating;  Research Personnel
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Self-reported health among recently incarcerated mothers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Turney, K.
Author-Name: Wildeman, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2014-2020
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302743
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302743
Abstract: Objectives. We examined self-reported health among formerly incarcerated mothers. Methods. We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4096), a longitudinal survey of mostly unmarried parents in urban areas, to estimate the association between recent incarceration (measured as any incarceration in the past 4 years) and 5 self-reported health conditions (depression, illicit drug use, heavy drinking, fair or poor health, and health limitations), net of covariates including health before incarceration. Results. In adjusted logistic regression models, recently incarcerated mothers, compared with their counterparts, have an increased likelihood of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 2.17), heavy drinking (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.68), fair or poor health (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.06), and health limitations (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.50). This association is similar across racial/ethnic subgroups and is larger among mothers who share children with fathers who have not been recently incarcerated. Conclusions. Recently incarcerated mothers struggle with even more health conditions than expected given the disadvantages they experience before incarceration. Furthermore, because incarceration is concentrated among those who are most disadvantaged, incarceration may increase inequalities in population health.
Keywords: adult;  depression;  female;  health disparity;  human;  interview;  longitudinal study;  mother;  prisoner;  psychology;  self disclosure;  single parent;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  urban population, Adult;  Depression;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Longitudinal Studies;  Mothers;  Prisoners;  Self Disclosure;  Single Parent;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302743_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Differences by sexual orientation in expectations about future long-term care needs among adults 40 to 65 years old
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Henning-Smith, C.
Author-Name: Gonzales, G.
Author-Name: Shippee, T.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2359-2365
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302781
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302781
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether and how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults between 40 and 65 years of age differ from heterosexual adults in long-term care (LTC) expectations. Methods. Our data were derived from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordered logistic regression to compare the odds of expected future use of LTC among LGB (n = 297) and heterosexual (n = 13 120) adults.We also used logistic regression models to assess the odds of expecting to use specific sources of care. All models controlled for key socioeconomic characteristics. Results. Although LGB adults had greater expectations of needing LTC in the future than their heterosexual counterparts, that association was largely explained by sociodemographic and health differences. After control for these differentials, LGB adults were less likely to expect care from family and more likely to expect to use institutional care in old age. Conclusions. LGB adults may rely more heavily than heterosexual adults on formal systems of care. As the older population continues to diversify, nursing homes and assisted living facilities should work to ensure safety and culturally sensitive best practices for older LGB groups.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  family;  female;  human;  long term care;  male;  middle aged;  procedures;  sexuality;  socioeconomics;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data, Adult;  Aged;  Family;  Female;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Long-Term Care;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Sexuality;  Socioeconomic Factors
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302781_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Modeling the movement of homicide by type to inform public health prevention efforts
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zeoli, A.M.
Author-Name: Grady, S.
Author-Name: Pizarro, J.M.
Author-Name: Melde, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2035-2041
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302732
Abstract: Objectives. We modeled the spatiotemporal movement of hotspot clusters of homicide by motive in Newark, New Jersey, to investigate whether different homicide types have different patterns of clustering and movement. Methods. We obtained homicide data from the Newark Police Department Homicide Unit's investigative files from 1997 through 2007 (n = 560). We geocoded the address at which each homicide victim was found and recorded the date of and the motive for the homicide. We used cluster detection software to model the spatiotemporal movement of statistically significant homicide clusters by motive, using census tract and month of occurrence as the spatial and temporal units of analysis. Results. Gang-motivated homicides showed evidence of clustering and diffusion through Newark. Additionally, gang-motivated homicide clusters overlapped to a degree with revenge and drug-motivated homicide clusters. Escalating dispute and nonintimate familial homicides clustered; however, there was no evidence of diffusion. Intimate partner and robbery homicides did not cluster. Conclusions. By tracking how homicide types diffuse through communities and determining which places have ongoing or emerging homicide problems by type, we can better inform the deployment of prevention and intervention efforts.
Keywords: cause of death;  classification;  computer program;  epidemiology;  female;  homicide;  human;  male;  prevention and control;  public health service;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  task performance;  United States, Cause of Death;  Female;  Homicide;  Humans;  Male;  New Jersey;  Public Health Practice;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Software;  Time and Motion Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302732_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Creating incentives to move upstream: Developing a diversified portfolio of population health measures within payment and health care reform
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Auerbach, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 427-431
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302371
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302371
Abstract: I examined the feasibility of developing a balanced portfolio of population health measures that would be useful within the current deliberations about health care and payment reform.
Keywords: economics;  financial management;  government;  health care planning;  health care policy;  health care quality;  health promotion;  human;  patient care;  primary prevention;  procedures;  public health;  purchasing;  reimbursement;  safety net hospital;  standards;  trends;  United States, Federal Government;  Financing, Government;  Health Plan Implementation;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Patient-Centered Care;  Primary Prevention;  Public Health;  Quality Indicators, Health Care;  Reimbursement Mechanisms;  Safety-net Providers;  State Government;  United States;  Value-Based Purchasing
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302371_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and health-related quality of life among older Chinese, Hispanics, and blacks in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kwon, S.C.
Author-Name: Wyatt, L.C.
Author-Name: Kranick, J.A.
Author-Name: Islam, N.S.
Author-Name: Devia, C.
Author-Name: Horowitz, C.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S544-S552
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302653
Abstract: Objectives. We explored the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and adequate physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among racial/ethnic minority groups aged 60 years or older living in New York City (NYC). Methods. Survey data from 2009 to 2012 targeted minority groups in NYC ethnic enclaves; we analyzed 3594 individuals (Blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese) aged 60 years or older. Descriptive statistics were run; unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression evaluated the relationship of HRQOL with PA and F&V intake. Results. Hispanics were most likely to engage in sufficient PA and eat recommended F&Vs and had significantly worse HRQOL. After multivariable adjustment, significant associations were found between PA and self-reported health, activity limitation and physical health days for all groups, and PA and mental health days for Hispanics. Significant associations were found between F&V intake and physical health days for Hispanics and F&V intake and self reported health for Chinese. Conclusions. Findings indicated variations between HRQOL and PA by racial/ethnic subgroup. Despite being highly insured, recommendations for PA and F&V intake were not met. There is a need to promote healthy living behaviors among aging NYC racial/ethnic populations.
Keywords: African American;  aged;  Asian American;  diet;  ethnology;  female;  fruit;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  middle aged;  motor activity;  quality of life;  questionnaire;  United States;  vegetable, African Americans;  Aged;  Asian Americans;  Diet;  Female;  Fruit;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motor Activity;  New York City;  Quality of Life;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Vegetables
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302653_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Incarceration and current tobacco smoking among black and Caribbean black Americans in the national survey of American life
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bailey, Z.D.
Author-Name: Okechukwu, C.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Author-Name: Williams, D.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2275-2282
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302772
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the relationship between having a history of incarceration and being a current smoker using a national sample of noninstitutionalized Black adults living in the United States. Methods. With data from the National Survey of American Life collected between February 2001 and March 2003, we calculated individual propensity scores for having a history of incarceration. To examine the relationship between prior incarceration and current smoking status, we ran gender-specific propensitymatched fitted logistic regression models. Results. A history of incarceration was consistently and independently associated with a higher risk of current tobacco smoking in men and women. Formerly incarcerated Black men had 1.77 times the risk of being a current tobacco smoker than did their counterparts without a history of incarceration (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.61) in the propensity score-matched sample. The results were similar among Black women (prevalence ratio = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.57). Conclusions. Mass incarceration likely contributes to the prevalence of smoking among US Blacks. Future research should explore whether the exclusion of institutionalized populations in national statistics obscures Black- White disparities in tobacco smoking.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  aged;  Black person;  Caribbean;  epidemiology;  ethnic group;  ethnology;  female;  human;  male;  mental disease;  middle aged;  prevalence;  prison;  prisoner;  propensity score;  risk factor;  sex difference;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  African Continental Ancestry Group;  Aged;  Caribbean Region;  Ethnic Groups;  Female;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Prisoners;  Prisons;  Propensity Score;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302772_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health outcomes for HIV-infected persons released from the New York City jail system with a transitional care-coordination plan
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Teixeira, P.A.
Author-Name: Jordan, A.O.
Author-Name: Zaller, N.
Author-Name: Shah, D.
Author-Name: Venters, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 351-357
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302234
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to assess 6-month outcomes for HIV-infected people released from New York City jails with a transitional care plan. Methods. Jail detainees in New York City living with HIV who accepted a transitional care plan during incarceration were asked to participate in a multi-site evaluation aimed at improving linkages to community-based care. The evaluation included a 6-month follow-up; HIV surveillance data were used to assess outcomes for those considered lost to follow-up. Results. Participants (n = 434) completed baseline surveys during incarceration in a jail in New York City. Of those seen at 6 months (n = 243), a greater number were taking antiretroviral medications (92.6% vs 55.6%), had improved antiretroviral therapy adherence (93.2% vs 80.7%), and reported significant reductions in emergency department visits (0.20 vs 0.60 visits), unstable housing (4.15% vs 22.4%), and food insecurity (1.67% vs 20.7%) compared with baseline. Conclusions. Transitional care coordination services facilitate continuity of care and improved health outcomes for HIV-positive people released from jail.
Keywords: anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, adult;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  male;  medication compliance;  middle aged;  organization and management;  outcome assessment;  patient care;  prison;  prisoner;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  Anti-HIV Agents;  Continuity of Patient Care;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Patient Outcome Assessment;  Prisoners;  Prisons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302234_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Resilience and vulnerability to the psychological harm from flooding: The role of social cohesion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greene, G.
Author-Name: Paranjothy, S.
Author-Name: Palmer, S.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1792-1795
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302709
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the role of social cohesion as a component of vulnerability and resilience to the psychological distress of flooding. Methods. A survey collected data from 2238 individuals living in flood-affected areas of England (South Yorkshire and Worcestershire) in 2007. We used Bayesian structural equation modeling to assess factors relating to the latent variables of resilience (years in area, family nearby, and social cohesion) and vulnerability (disruption of essential services, flood risk, and previous flood experience). Results. Flooding was strongly associated with poor mental health; however, resilience factors (associated with the ability to cope with natural disasters), but not vulnerability, were strongly associated with a reduction in psychological distress. Conclusions. Resilience and social cohesion were important influences on the risk of developing poor mental health following flooding. Increasing resilience of communities by strengthening social cohesion through measures that increase civic participation and changing land use should be considered as potentially inexpensive and effective defenses against avoidable mental harm that will result from increased climate instability.
Keywords: adaptive behavior;  adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Bayes theorem;  coping behavior;  female;  flooding;  human;  interview;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental stress;  middle aged;  questionnaire;  social support;  United Kingdom;  very elderly, Adaptation, Psychological;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Bayes Theorem;  England;  Female;  Floods;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Middle Aged;  Questionnaires;  Resilience, Psychological;  Social Support;  Stress, Psychological
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302709_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Feed first, ask questions later: Alleviating and understanding caregiver food insecurity in an urban children's hospital
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Makelarski, J.A.
Author-Name: Thorngren, D.
Author-Name: Lindau, S.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e98-e104
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302719
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302719
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of caregiver hospital food insecurity (defined as not getting enough to eat during a child's hospitalization), examined associations between food insecurity and barriers to food access, and propose a conceptual framework to inform remedies to this problem. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 caregivers of hospitalized children in Chicago, Illinois (June through December 2011). A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, barriers to food, and caregiver hospital food insecurity. Results. Caregiver hospital food insecurity was prevalent (32%). Caregivers who were aged 18 to 34 years, Black or African American, unpartnered, and with less education were more likely to experience hospital food insecurity. Not having enough money to buy food at the hospital, lack of reliable transportation, and lack of knowledge of where to get food at the hospital were associated with hospital food insecurity. The proposed conceptual framework posits a bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and health, emphasizing the interdependencies between caregiver food insecurity and patient outcomes. Conclusions. Strategies are needed to identify and feed caregivers and to eradicate food insecurity in homes of children with serious illness. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  catering service;  child;  female;  hospital;  hospital bed capacity;  human;  Illinois;  male;  Nutrition Disorders;  parent;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  young adult, Adolescent;  Chicago;  Child;  Female;  Food Supply;  Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299;  Hospitals, Pediatric;  Hospitals, Urban;  Humans;  Male;  Nutrition Disorders;  Parents;  Prevalence;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302719_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Local health department food safety and sanitation expenditures and reductions in enteric disease, 2000-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bekemeier, B.
Author-Name: Yip, M.P.-Y.
Author-Name: Dunbar, M.D.
Author-Name: Whitman, G.
Author-Name: Kwan-Gett, T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S345-S352
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302555
Abstract: Objectives: In collaboration with Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks, we investigated relationships between local health department (LHD) food safety and sanitation expenditures and reported enteric disease rates. Methods: We combined annual infection rates for the common notifiable enteric diseases with uniquely detailed, LHD-level food safety and sanitation annual expenditure data obtained from Washington and New York state health departments. We used a multivariate panel time-series design to examine ecologic relationships between 2000-2010 local food safety and sanitation expenditures and enteric diseases. Our study population consisted of 72 LHDs (mostly serving county-level jurisdictions) in Washington and New York. Results: While controlling for other factors, we found significant associations between higher LHD food and sanitation spending and a lower incidence of salmonellosis in Washington and a lower incidence of cryptosporidiosis in New York. Conclusions: Local public health expenditures on food and sanitation services are important because of their association with certain health indicators. Our study supports the need for program-specific LHD service-related data to measure the cost, performance, and outcomes of prevention efforts to inform practice and policymaking.
Keywords: cryptosporidiosis;  economics;  food safety;  government;  Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections;  hepatitis A;  human;  public health service;  sanitation;  United States, Cryptosporidiosis;  Food Safety;  Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections;  Hepatitis A;  Humans;  Local Government;  New York;  Public Health Administration;  Sanitation;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302555_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "In Spanish": Advancing public health ["En español": Avanzando la salud pública]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: González, M.C.
Author-Name: Santaella, J.
Author-Name: Puac-Polanco, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S557-S558
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302858_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing the use of evidence-based decision-making in local health departments with systems science methodologies
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Li, Y.
Author-Name: Kong, N.
Author-Name: Lawley, M.
Author-Name: Weiss, L.
Author-Name: PagÁn, J.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S217-S222
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302077
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302077
Abstract: Objectives: We assessed how systems science methodologies might be used to bridge resource gaps at local health departments (LHDs) so that they might better implement evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) to address population health challenges. Methods: We used the New York Academy of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Simulation Model to evaluate the results of a hypothetical program that would reduce the proportion of people smoking, eating fewer than 5 fruits and vegetables per day, being physically active less than 150 minutes per week, and who had a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater. We used survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to evaluate health outcomes and validate simulation results. Results: Smoking rates and the proportion of the population with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater would have decreased significantly with implementation of the hypothetical program (P &lt; .001). Two areas would have experienced a statistically significant reduction in the local population with diabetes between 2007 and 2027 (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The use of systems science methodologies might be a novel and efficient way to systematically address a number of EBDM adoption barriers at LHDs.
Keywords: adult;  chronic disease;  decision making;  diet;  evidence based practice;  exercise;  female;  government;  health behavior;  human;  male;  middle aged;  public health service;  smoking;  system analysis;  theoretical model;  United States, Adult;  Chronic Disease;  Decision Making;  Diet;  Evidence-Based Practice;  Exercise;  Female;  Health Behavior;  Humans;  Local Government;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Models, Theoretical;  New York;  Public Health Practice;  Smoking;  Systems Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302077_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cervical cancer screening in a sexually transmitted disease clinic: Screening adoption experiences from a midwestern clinic
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meyerson, B.E.
Author-Name: Sayegh, M.A.
Author-Name: Davis, A.
Author-Name: Arno, J.N.
Author-Name: Zimet, G.D.
Author-Name: LeMonte, A.M.
Author-Name: Williams, J.A.
Author-Name: Barclay, L.
Author-Name: Van Der Pol, B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: e8-e14
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302272
Abstract: Objectives: We examined whether a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic could reach women who had not received a Papanicolau (Pap) test in the past 3 years. We also explored staff attitudes and implementation of cervical cancer screening. Methods: Women (n = 123) aged 30 to 50 years were offered cervical cancer screening in an Indiana STD clinic. We measured effectiveness by the patients' self-reported last Pap test. We explored adoption of screening through focus groups with 34 staff members by documenting their attitudes about cervical cancer screening and screening strategy adaptation. We also documented recruitment and screening implementation. Results. Almost half (47.9%) of participants reported a last Pap test 3 or more years previously; 30%had reported a last Pap more than 5 years ago, and 11.4%had a high-risk test outcome that required referral to colposcopy. Staff supported screening because of mission alignment and perceived patient benefit. Screening adaptations included eligibility, results provision, and follow-up. Conclusions. Cervical cancer screening was possible and potentially beneficial in STD clinics. Future effectiveness-implementation studies should expand to include all female patients, and should examine the degree to which adaptation of selected adoption frameworks is feasible.
Keywords: adult;  early diagnosis;  female;  human;  Human papillomavirus DNA test;  information processing;  mass screening;  middle aged;  outpatient department;  Papanicolaou test;  procedures;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  United States;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Adult;  Ambulatory Care Facilities;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests;  Humans;  Indiana;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Papanicolaou Test;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302272_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Probability of an obese person attaining normal body weight: Cohort study using electronic health records
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fildes, A.
Author-Name: Charlton, J.
Author-Name: Rudisill, C.
Author-Name: Littlejohns, P.
Author-Name: Prevost, A.T.
Author-Name: Gulliford, M.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e54-e59
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302773
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302773
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the probability of an obese person attaining normal body weight. Methods. We drew a sample of individuals aged 20 years and older from the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 2004 to 2014. We analyzed data for 76 704 obese men and 99 791 obese women. We excluded participants who received bariatric surgery. We estimated the probability of attaining normal weight or 5% reduction in body weight. Results. During a maximum of 9 years' follow-up, 1283 men and 2245 women attained normal body weight. In simple obesity (body mass index = 30.0-34.9 kg/m2), the annual probability of attaining normal weight was 1 in 210 for men and 1 in 124 for women, increasing to 1 in 1290 for men and 1 in 677 for women with morbid obesity (body mass index = 40.0-44.9 kg/m2). The annual probability of achieving a 5% weight reduction was 1 in 8 for men and 1 in 7 for women with morbid obesity. Conclusions. The probability of attaining normal weight or maintaining weight loss is low. Obesity treatment frameworks grounded in community-based weight management programs may be ineffective.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  body mass;  cohort analysis;  female;  human;  ideal body weight;  male;  middle aged;  morbid obesity;  obesity;  pathophysiology;  probability;  United Kingdom;  weight reduction, Adult;  Aged;  Body Mass Index;  Cohort Studies;  Female;  Humans;  Ideal Body Weight;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Obesity;  Obesity, Morbid;  Probability;  United Kingdom;  Weight Loss
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302773_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Intergenerational Patterns of Smoking and Nicotine Dependence among US Adolescents
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kandel, D.B.
Author-Name: Griesler, P.C.
Author-Name: Hu, M.-C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e63-e72
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302775
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between parental and adolescent smoking and nicotine dependence in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2004 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which ascertained smoking behaviors of 1 parent and 1 adolescent aged 12 to 17 years in 35 000 dyads. We estimated associations between parental and adolescent smoking behaviors, adjusted for covariates. Results. Parental current dependence was strongly associated with adolescents' lifetime smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47, 3.55), whereas parental current nondependent smoking (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.92, 2.67) and former smoking (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.75) were less strongly associated. Only parental nicotine dependence was associated with adolescent nicotine dependence (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.74). Associations between parental and adolescent smoking did not differ by race/ethnicity. Parents' education, marital status, and parenting and adolescents' mental health, beliefs about smoking, perception of schoolmates' smoking, and other substance use predicted adolescent smoking and dependence. Conclusions. Reducing parental smoking would reduce adolescent smoking. Prevention efforts should encourage parental smoking cessation, improve parenting, address adolescent mental health, and reinforce adolescents' negative beliefs about smoking.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent behavior;  adult;  attitude to health;  child;  female;  human;  male;  mental health;  middle aged;  odds ratio;  parent;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  Tobacco Use Disorder;  United States, Adolescent;  Adolescent Behavior;  Adult;  Child;  Female;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Odds Ratio;  Parents;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Tobacco Use Disorder;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302775_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of economic constraints on public health delivery systems structures
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Smith, S.A.
Author-Name: Mays, G.P.
Author-Name: Felix, H.C.
Author-Name: Tilford, J.M.
Author-Name: Curran, G.M.
Author-Name: Preston, M.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e48-e53
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302769
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302769
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the effect of economic constraints on public health delivery systems (PHDS) density and centrality during 3 time periods, 1998, 2006, and 2012. Methods. We obtained data from the 1998, 2006, and 2012 National Longitudinal Study of Public Health Agencies; the 1993, 1997, 2005, and 2010 National Association for County and City Health Officials Profile Study; and the 1997, 2008, and 2011 Area Resource Files. We used multivariate regression models for panel data to estimate the impact of economic constraints on PHDS density and centrality. Results. Findings indicate that economic constraints did not have a significant impact on PHDS density and centrality over time but population is a significant predictor of PHDS density, and the presence of a board of health (BOH) is a significant predictor of PHDS density and centrality. Specifically, a 1% increase in population results in a significant 1.71% increase in PHDS density. The presence of a BOH is associated with a 10.2% increase in PHDS centrality, after controlling for other factors. Conclusions. These findings suggest that other noneconomic factors influence PHDS density centrality.
Keywords: cooperation;  demography;  economics;  human;  longitudinal study;  public health service;  retrospective study, Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Public Health Administration;  Public Health Practice;  Residence Characteristics;  Retrospective Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302769_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Professional societies, political action committees, and party preferences
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bernstein, S.L.
Author-Name: Barsky, C.L.
Author-Name: Powell, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e11-e14
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302292
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302292
Abstract: Societies representing physician specialties and other health care personnel commonly have political action committees (PACs). These PACs seek to advance their members' interests through advocacy and campaign contributions. We examined contribution data forhealthcareworkers'PACs from the 2010 to 2012 election cycles and found that higher annual income was strongly associated with greater giving to Republican candidates. Patterns of giving may offer insights into various medical workers' party preferences, political leanings, and views of health care reform.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302292_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental caries: Racial and ethnic disparities among North Carolina kindergarten students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Matsuo, G.
Author-Name: Rozier, R.G.
Author-Name: Kranz, A.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2503-2509
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302884
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302884
Abstract: Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in dental caries among kindergarten students in North Carolina and the cross-level effects between students' race/ethnicity and school poverty status. Methods. We adjusted the analysis of oral health surveillance information (2009-2010) for individual-, school-, and county-level variables. We included a cross-level interaction of student's race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and school National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participation (< 75% vs ≥ 75% of students), which we used as a compositional school-level variable measuring poverty among families of enrolled students. Results. Among 70 089 students in 1067 schools in 95 counties, the prevalence of dental caries was 30.4% for White, 39.0% for Black, and 51.7% for Hispanic students. The adjusted difference in caries experience between Black and White students was significantly greater in schools with NSLP participation of less than 75%. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic oral health disparities exist among kindergarten students in North Carolina as a whole and regardless of school's poverty status. Furthermore, disparities between White and Black students are larger in nonpoor schools than in poor schools. Further studies are needed to explore causal pathways that might lead to these disparities.
Keywords: African American;  ancestry group;  Caucasian;  cross-sectional study;  epidemiology;  ethnic group;  female;  health disparity;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  North Carolina;  poverty;  preschool child;  prevalence;  statistics and numerical data, African Americans;  Child, Preschool;  Continental Population Groups;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Ethnic Groups;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  North Carolina;  Poverty;  Prevalence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302884_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trans disciplinary cardiovascular and cancer health disparities training: Experiences of the centers for population health and health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Golden, S.H.
Author-Name: Ferketich, A.
Author-Name: Boyington, J.
Author-Name: Dugan, S.
Author-Name: Garroutte, E.
Author-Name: Kaufmann, P.G.
Author-Name: Krok, J.
Author-Name: Kuo, A.
Author-Name: Ortega, A.N.
Author-Name: Purnell, T.
Author-Name: Srinivasan, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S395-S402
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302489
Abstract: The Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities program promotes multilevel and multifactorial health equity research and the building of research teams that are transdisciplinary. We summarized 5 areas of scientific training for empowering the next generation of health disparities investigators with research methods and skills that are needed to solve disparities and inequalities in cancer and cardiovascular disease. These areas include social epidemiology, multilevel modeling, health care systems or health care delivery, community-based participatory research, and implementation science. We reviewed the acquisition of the skill sets described in the training components; these skill sets will position trainees to become leaders capable of effecting significant change because they provide tools that can be used to address the complexities of issues that promote health disparities.
Keywords: cardiology;  curriculum;  education;  epidemiology;  health disparity;  health student;  human;  oncology;  participatory research;  translational research, Cardiology;  Community-Based Participatory Research;  Curriculum;  Epidemiology;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Medical Oncology;  Students, Health Occupations;  Translational Medical Research
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302489_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: New perspectives on the "silo effect": Initial comparisons of network structures across public health collaboratives
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bevc, C.A.
Author-Name: Retrum, J.H.
Author-Name: Varda, D.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S230-S235
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302256
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302256
Abstract: Objectives: We explored to what extent "silos" (preferential partnering) persist in interorganizational boundaries despite advances in working across boundaries. We focused on organizational homophily and resulting silo effects within networks that might both facilitate and impede success in public health collaboratives (PHCs). Methods: We analyzed data from 162 PHCs with a series of exponential random graph models to determine the influence of uniform and differential homophily among organizations and to identify the propensity for partnerships with similar organizations. Results: The results demonstrated a low presence (8%) of uniform homophily among networks, whereas a greater number (30%) of PHCs contained varying levels of differential homophily by 1 or more types of organization. We noted that the higher frequency among law enforcement, nonprofits, and public health organizations demonstrated a partner preference with similar organizations. Conclusions: Although we identified only a modest occurrence of partner preference in PHCs, overall success in efforts to work across boundaries might be problematic when public health members (often leaders of PHCs) exhibit the tendency to form silos.
Keywords: community care;  cooperation;  human;  leadership;  organization and management;  public health service;  public relations;  system analysis, Community Health Services;  Cooperative Behavior;  Humans;  Interinstitutional Relations;  Leadership;  Public Health Administration;  Systems Analysis
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302256_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community mobilization to reduce drug use, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, H.T.
Author-Name: Tran, A.V.
Author-Name: Nguyen, N.B.
Author-Name: Nguyen, S.H.
Author-Name: Vu, D.B.
Author-Name: Nguyen, N.T.
Author-Name: Brookmeyer, R.S.
Author-Name: Detels, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 189-195
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302101
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302101
Abstract: Objectives: We implemented an intervention to reduce drug use in an urban commune in northern Vietnam. Methods: We encouraged the intervention commune to accept responsibility for developing their own intervention strategies based on a community mobilization model used in southern, rural China. We selected a comparison commune, which had demographic characteristics and a drug history similar to the intervention commune. The 2-year incidence of new drug users was estimated retrospectively in the intervention and comparison communes between baseline (2003) and follow-up (2009). Results: Increased incidence of new (noninjecting) drug users between 2003 and 2009 in the intervention commune was lower than that in the comparison commune, and these participants expressed more positive attitudes toward local authority and people with drug use and HIV/AIDS. Increased condom use during last intercourse with female sex workers and with female casual partners was observed in the intervention commune. HIV prevalence and positive opioid tests decreased more in the intervention commune. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the community mobilization had a positive influence in the intervention commune.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302101_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Estimating the number of patients infected with chronic HCV in the United States who meet highest or high-priority treatment criteria
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Xu, F.
Author-Name: Leidner, A.J.
Author-Name: Tong, X.
Author-Name: Holmberg, S.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1285-1289
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302652
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302652
Abstract: We estimated the number of people infected with HCV in the United States who would qualify for immediate treatment according to the 2014 guidance. Webasedfibrosis stageon biopsy results, when available, or on FIB-4 scores. We used laboratory tests and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to determine if patients had any qualifying comorbidities. Of the 2.7 million people with HCV infection, we assumed that 1.35 million (50%) had been diagnosed. We estimated 457 000 met the highest and 356 000 the high-priority criteria for treatment, indicating that as many as 813 000 people could be treated immediately with new therapies. These estimates can inform planning efforts to address clinical capacity constraints and treatment costs.
Keywords: antivirus agent, comorbidity;  complication;  female;  health care planning;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  human;  liver cirrhosis;  male;  middle aged;  nutrition;  practice guideline;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Antiviral Agents;  Comorbidity;  Female;  Health Priorities;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  Humans;  Liver Cirrhosis;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nutrition Surveys;  Practice Guidelines as Topic;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302652_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Smoking cessation and social justice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Glasser, I.
Author-Name: Hirsch, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302461
Keywords: disabled person;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  walking difficulty, Disabled Persons;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mobility Limitation;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302461_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Determinants of first-time cancer examinations in a rural community: A mechanism for behavior change
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Logan, H.L.
Author-Name: Guo, Y.
Author-Name: Emanuel, A.S.
Author-Name: Shepperd, J.A.
Author-Name: Dodd, V.J.
Author-Name: Marks, J.G.
Author-Name: Muller, K.E.
Author-Name: Riley, J.L., III
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1424-1431
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516
Abstract: Objectives. After conducting a media campaign focusing on the importance of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examinations, we assessed mechanisms of behavior change among individuals receiving an OPC examination for the first time. Methods. We used data from 2 waves of telephone surveys of individuals residing in 36 rural census tracts in northern Florida (n = 806). The second survey occurred after our media intervention. We developed media messages and modes of message delivery with community members via focus groups and intercept interviews. We performed a mediation analysis to examine behavior change mechanisms. Results. Greater exposure to media messages corresponded with heightened concern about OPC. Heightened concern, in turn, predicted receipt of a first-time OPC examination, but only among men. Conclusions. We extended earlier studies by measuring an outcome behavior (receipt of an OPC examination) and demonstrating that the putative mechanism of action (concern about the disease) explained the link between a media intervention and engaging in the target behavior. Improving the quality of media campaigns by engaging community stakeholders in selecting messages and delivery methods is an effective strategy in building public health interventions aimed at changing behaviors.
Keywords: early diagnosis;  epidemiology;  female;  health behavior;  health promotion;  health survey;  human;  information processing;  interview;  male;  mass medium;  middle aged;  Mouth Neoplasms;  Pharyngeal Neoplasms;  procedures;  rural population;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Florida;  Focus Groups;  Health Behavior;  Health Promotion;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Mass Media;  Middle Aged;  Mouth Neoplasms;  Pharyngeal Neoplasms;  Rural Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A call to action: Training public health students to be effective agents for social change
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Godwin, H.
Author-Name: Heymann, S.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S34-S37
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302356
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302356
Abstract: In the 21st century, we face enormous public health challenges that differ fundamentally from those of the last century, because these challenges involve widespread societal change and complexity. To address these challenges, public health professionals need to be able to place their work in a larger social context, understand local and global perspectives on a deeper level, and effectively engage a wide variety of stakeholders. To confer these skills, we need to change the way we train our students. We present two examples of low-cost innovative approaches to teaching public health that promote active engagement with individuals across a wide range of backgrounds and fields and that train students to be effective agents for change.
Keywords: Cameroon;  curriculum;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  medical education;  organization and management;  procedures;  school;  social change;  student;  United States, California;  Cameroon;  Curriculum;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Schools, Public Health;  Social Change;  Students, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302356_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editor's choice: Oral health across the life course
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greenblatt, A.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302477
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302477
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302477_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Monárez-Espino and Galanti respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Monarrez-Espino, J.
Author-Name: Galanti, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302527
Keywords: human;  packaging;  procedures;  psychology;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  tobacco, Humans;  Product Labeling;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Tobacco Products
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302527_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Innovations in graduate public health education: The instituto nacional de salud pública
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Valladares, L.M.
Author-Name: Ávila, M.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S88-S91
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302478
Abstract: During the past 10 years, the Instituto Nacional de Salud pública (National Institute of Public Health) in Mexico has meticulously revised its educational model. This analysis resulted in the transformation of its educational model by tracing a new path in the pedagogical structure and faculty development to meet current challenges and students' needs. The first stage dealt with the national and international accreditation standards that came with the 21st century. The second stage responded to evidence of cognitive research showing that students are better prepared when they are engaged, active, and responsible for their own learning. This transformation was grounded on the use of information and communication technologies and on a competency-based educational approach that has led the expansion and innovation of educational practice.
Keywords: academic achievement;  accreditation;  continuing education;  curriculum;  educational model;  human;  medical education;  Mexico;  organization and management;  personnel management;  program development;  standards;  teaching;  university, Accreditation;  Competency-Based Education;  Computer-Assisted Instruction;  Education, Continuing;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Faculty;  Humans;  Mexico;  Models, Educational;  Program Development;  Staff Development
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302478_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regulatory enforcement and fiscal impact in local health agencies
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Costich, J.F.
Author-Name: Rabarison, K.M.
Author-Name: Rabarison, M.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S323-S329
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302446
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302446
Abstract: Objectives: We used a cross-sectional, retrospective study design to analyze the association between local health agency regulatory activities and revenues from nonclinical fees and fines (NFF). Methods: We extracted data from the 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Profile Survey, the most recent report including NFF information, and used 2-part multivariable regression models to identify relationships between regulatory activities and revenue. We also interviewed LHD directors on access to revenue from fines. Results: NFFs generated substantial revenue for most LHDs, increasing in scope and amount with jurisdiction size for all but the largest municipalities. The greatest proportion of net revenue came from public pools, campgrounds and recreational vehicles, and solid waste disposal. For small and mid-sized LHDs, enforcement activities generated revenue in a dose-response pattern, with higher returns for increased activities. LHDs in decentralized governance states collectedmore NFF revenue than those in centralized states. States vary regarding LHD access to revenue from sanctions. Conclusions: The fiscal impact of changes in regulatory activity needs careful assessment to avoid unanticipated consequences of applicable law.
Keywords: cross-sectional study;  economics;  government;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  public health service;  retrospective study, Cross-Sectional Studies;  Humans;  Local Government;  Public Health Administration;  Retrospective Studies
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302446_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Police encounters among needle exchange clients in Baltimore: Drug law enforcement as a structural determinant of health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beletsky, L.
Author-Name: Cochrane, J.
Author-Name: Sawyer, A.L.
Author-Name: Serio-Chapman, C.
Author-Name: Smelyanskaya, M.
Author-Name: Han, J.
Author-Name: Robinowitz, N.
Author-Name: Sherman, S.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1872-1879
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302681
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302681
Abstract: Objectives. We piloted a monitoring mechanism to document police encounters around programs targeting people who inject drugs (PWID), and assessed their demographic predictors at 2 Baltimore, Maryland, needle exchange program (NEP) sites. Methods. In a brief survey, 308 clients quantified, characterized, and sited recent police encounters. Multivariate linear regression determined encounter predictors, and we used geocoordinate maps to illustrate clusters. Results. Within the past 6 months, clients reported a median of 3 stops near NEP sites (interquartile range [IQR] = 0-7.5) and a median of 1 arrest in any location (IQR = 0-2). Three respondents reported police referral to the NEP. Being younger (P = .009), being male (P = .033), and making frequent NEP visits (P = .02) were associated with reported police stops. Among clients reporting arrest or citation for syringe possession, Whites were significantly less likely than non- Whites to report being en route to or from an NEP (P < .001). Reported encounters were clustered around NEPs. Conclusions. Systematic surveillance of structural determinants of health for PWID proved feasible when integrated into service activities. Improved monitoring is critical to informing interventions to align policing with public health, especially among groups subject to disproportionate levels of drug law enforcement.
Keywords: adult;  demography;  epidemiology;  female;  health care delivery;  human;  law enforcement;  male;  pilot study;  police;  preventive health service;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  substance abuse;  United States, Adult;  Baltimore;  Demography;  Female;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Law Enforcement;  Male;  Needle-Exchange Programs;  Pilot Projects;  Police;  Risk Factors;  Substance Abuse, Intravenous
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302681_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Venue-mediated weak ties in multiplex HIV transmission risk networks among drug-using male sex workers and associates
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fujimoto, K.
Author-Name: Wang, P.
Author-Name: Ross, M.W.
Author-Name: Williams, M.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1128-1135
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302474
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302474
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the structural characteristics of a multiplex HIV transmission risk network of drug-using male sex workers and their associates. Methods. Using a sample of 387 drug-using male sex workers and their male and female associates in Houston, Texas, we estimated an exponential random graph model to examine the venue-mediated relationships between individuals, the structural characteristics of relationships not linked to social venues, and homophily. We collected data in 2003 to 2004. The network comprised social, sexual, and drug-using relationships and affiliations with social venues. Results. Individuals affiliated with the same social venues, bars, or street intersections were more likely to have nonreciprocated (weak) ties with others. Sex workers were less likely than were other associates to have reciprocated (strong) ties to other sex workers with the same venues. Individuals tended to have reciprocated ties not linked to venues. Partner choice tended to be predicated on homophily. Conclusions. Social venues may provide a milieu for forming weak ties in HIV transmission risk networks centered on male sex workers, which may foster the efficient diffusion of prevention messages as diverse information is obtained and information redundancy is avoided. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: addiction;  adolescent;  adult;  complication;  female;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  male;  medical information;  prostitution;  sexual behavior;  social environment;  transmission;  United States, Adolescent;  Adult;  Female;  Health Communication;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Sex Workers;  Sexual Behavior;  Social Environment;  Substance-Related Disorders;  Texas
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302474_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Grab a cup, fill it up! an intervention to promote the 1 of drinking water and increase student water consumption during school lunch
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kenney, E.L.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L.
Author-Name: Carter, J.E.
Author-Name: Howe, M.C.W.
Author-Name: Reiner, J.F.
Author-Name: Cradock, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1777-1783
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302645
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302645
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water. Methods. We conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups were installed near water sources. Mixed linear regression models adjusting for clustering evaluated the intervention impact on average student water consumption over 359 lunch periods. Results. The percentage of students in intervention schools observed drinking water during lunch nearly doubled from baseline to follow-up compared with controls (+9.4%; P < .001). The intervention was associated with a 0.58-ounce increase in water intake across all students (P < .001). Without cups, children were observed drinking 2.4 (SE = 0.08) ounces of water from fountains; with cups, 5.2 (SE = 0.2) ounces. The percentage of intervention students observed with sugar-sweetened beverages declined (-3.3%; P < .005). Conclusions. The current default of providing water through drinking fountains in cafeterias results in low water consumption. This study shows that an inexpensive intervention to improve drinking water's convenience by providing cups can increase student water consumption.
Keywords: drinking water, adolescent;  child;  clinical trial;  controlled study;  female;  health promotion;  human;  intervention study;  male;  multicenter study;  randomized controlled trial;  school;  United States, Adolescent;  Boston;  Child;  Drinking Water;  Female;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Intervention Studies;  Male;  Schools
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302645_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mandated coverage of preventive care and reduction in disparities: Evidence from colorectal cancer screening
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hamman, M.K.
Author-Name: Kapinos, K.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S508-S516
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302578
Abstract: Objectives. We identified correlates of racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening and changes in disparities under state-mandated insurance coverage. Methods. Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we estimated a Fairlie decomposition in the insured population aged 50 to 64 years and a regression-adjusted difference-in-difference-in-difference model of changes in screening attributable to mandates. Results. Under mandated coverage, blood stool test (BST) rates increased among Black, Asian, and Native American men, but rates among Whites also increased, so disparities did not change. Endoscopic screening rates increased by 10 percentage points for Hispanic men and 3 percentage points for non- Hispanic men. BST rates fell among Hispanic relative to non-Hispanic men. We found no changes for women. However, endoscopic screening rates improved among lower income individuals across all races and ethnicities. Conclusions. Mandates were associated with a reduction in endoscopic screening disparities only for Hispanic men but may indirectly reduce racial/ ethnic disparities by increasing rates among lower income individuals. Findings imply that systematic differences in insurance coverage, or health plan fragmentation, likely existed without mandates. These findings underscore the need to research disparities within insured populations.
Keywords: aged;  colonoscopy;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  early diagnosis;  ethnology;  female;  health care disparity;  human;  insurance;  male;  mass screening;  middle aged;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Aged;  Colonoscopy;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Early Detection of Cancer;  Female;  Healthcare Disparities;  Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Middle Aged;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302578_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Considerations before establishing an environmental health registry
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Antao, V.C.
Author-Name: Muravov, O.I.
Author-Name: Sapp, J., II
Author-Name: Larson, T.C.
Author-Name: Pallos, L.L.
Author-Name: Sanchez, M.E.
Author-Name: Williamson, G.D.
Author-Name: Horton, D.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1543-1551
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302642
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302642
Abstract: Public health registries can provide valuable information when health consequences of environmental exposures are uncertain or will likely take long to develop. They can also aid research on diseases that may have environmental causes that are not completely well defined. We discuss factors to consider when deciding whether to create an environmental health registry. Those factors include public health significance, purpose and outcomes, duration and scope of data collection and availability of alternative data sources, timeliness, availability of funding and administrative capabilities, and whether the establishment of a registry can adequately address specific health concerns. We also discuss difficulties, limitations, and benefits of exposure and disease registries, based on the experience of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: environmental exposure;  environmental health;  financial management;  human;  methodology;  organization and management;  program development;  register;  statistics and numerical data, Capital Financing;  Environmental Exposure;  Environmental Health;  Humans;  Program Development;  Registries;  Research Design
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302642_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Black-white differences in the relationship between alcohol drinking patterns and mortality among US men and women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jackson, C.L.
Author-Name: Hu, F.B.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Author-Name: Williams, D.R.
Author-Name: Mukamal, K.J.
Author-Name: Rimm, E.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S534-S543
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302615
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302615
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated Black-White differences in the association between average alcohol drinking patterns and all-cause mortality. Methods. We pooled nationally representative samples of 152 180 adults in the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2002 with mortality follow-up through 2006. Usual drinking days per week and level of alcohol consumed per day were based on self-report. We used race- and gender-specific Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to adjust for physical activity, smoking status, and other potential confounders. Results. Over 9 years, 13 366 deaths occurred from all causes. For men, the lowest multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality among drinkers was 0.81 among White men who consumed 1 to 2 drinks 3 to 7 days per week (compared with abstainers) and Black men who abstained. For women, the lowest mortality risk was among White women (HR = 0.71) consuming 1 drink per day 3 to 7 days per week and Black women (HR = 0.72) consuming 1 drink on 2 or fewer days per week. Conclusions. Risks and benefits of alcohol consumption in relation tomortality risk were dependent on race- and gender-specific drinking patterns.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  Caucasian;  cause of death;  cross-sectional study;  drinking behavior;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  female;  human;  interview;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Alcohol Drinking;  Cause of Death;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302615_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Using evidence-based policy, systems, and environmental strategies to increase access to healthy food and opportunities for physical activity among Asian Americans, native Hawaiians, and pacific islanders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Patel, S.
Author-Name: Kwon, S.
Author-Name: Arista, P.
Author-Name: Tepporn, E.
Author-Name: Chung, M.
Author-Name: Chin, K.K.
Author-Name: Rideout, C.
Author-Name: Islam, N.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S455-S458
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302637
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302637
Abstract: Recent initiatives have focused on the dissemination of evidence-based policy, systems, and environmental (EBPSE) strategies to reduce health disparities. Targeted, communitylevel efforts are needed to supplement these approaches for comparable results among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs).The STRIVE Project funded 15 Asian American and NHPI community-based organizations (CBOs) to implement culturally adapted strategies. Partners reached more than 1.4million people at a cost of $2.04 per person. CBOs are well positioned to implement EBPSE strategies to reduce health disparities.
Keywords: Asian American;  catering service;  community care;  cultural factor;  environmental planning;  evidence based practice;  female;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  human;  male;  motor activity;  Oceanic ancestry group;  organization;  organization and management;  United States, Asian Americans;  Community Health Services;  Cultural Characteristics;  Environment Design;  Evidence-Based Practice;  Female;  Food Supply;  Health Policy;  Health Services Accessibility;  Humans;  Male;  Motor Activity;  Oceanic Ancestry Group;  Organizational Objectives;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302637_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Loneliness as a public health issue: The impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gerst-Emerson, K.
Author-Name: Jayawardhana, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1013-1019
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302427
Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to determine whether loneliness is associated with higher health care utilization among older adults in the United States. Methods: We used panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2008 and 2012) to examine the long-term impact of loneliness on health care use. The sample was limited to community-dwelling persons in the United States aged 60 years and older. We used negative binomial regression models to determine the impact of loneliness on physician visits and hospitalizations. Results: Under 2 definitions of loneliness, we found that a sizable proportion of those aged 60 years and older in the United States reported loneliness. Regression results showed that chronic loneliness (those lonely both in 2008 and 4 years later) was significantly and positively associated with physician visits (β= 0.075, SE = 0.034). Loneliness was not significantly associated with hospitalizations. Conclusions: Loneliness is a significant public health concern among elders. In addition to easing a potential source of suffering, the identification and targeting of interventions for lonely elders may significantly decrease physician visits and health care costs.
Keywords: age;  aged;  demography;  female;  health service;  health status;  human;  loneliness;  male;  middle aged;  patient attitude;  risk factor;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  time;  United States;  utilization;  very elderly, Age Factors;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Female;  Health Services;  Health Status;  Humans;  Loneliness;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Residence Characteristics;  Risk Factors;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302427_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence, comorbidity, and prognosis of mental health among US veterans
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Trivedi, R.B.
Author-Name: Post, E.P.
Author-Name: Sun, H.
Author-Name: Pomerantz, A.
Author-Name: Saxon, A.J.
Author-Name: Piette, J.D.
Author-Name: Maynard, C.
Author-Name: Arnow, B.
Author-Name: Curtis, I.
Author-Name: Fihn, S.D.
Author-Name: Nelson, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2564-2569
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302836
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302836
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the association of mental illnesses with clinical outcomes among US veterans and evaluated the effects of Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PCMHI). Methods. A total of 4 461 208 veterans were seen in the Veterans Health Administration's patient-centered medical homes called Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) in 2010 and 2011, of whom 1 147 022 had at least 1 diagnosis of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, or serious mental illness (SMI; i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder). We estimated 1-year risk of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality by mental illness category and by PCMHI involvement. Results. A quarter of all PACT patients reported 1 or more mental illnesses. Depression, SMI, and SUD were associated with increased risk of hospitalization or death. PTSD was associated with lower odds of ED visits and mortality. Having 1 or more contact with PCMHI was associated with better outcomes. Conclusions. Mental illnesses are associated with poor outcomes, but integrating mental health treatment in primary care may be associated with lower risk of those outcomes.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders;  bipolar disorder;  comorbidity;  depression;  female;  human;  male;  Mental Disorders;  mental health;  middle aged;  prevalence;  prognosis;  psychology;  risk factor;  schizophrenia;  statistics and numerical data;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  veteran, Anxiety Disorders;  Bipolar Disorder;  Comorbidity;  Depression;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Disorders;  Mental Health;  Middle Aged;  Prevalence;  Prognosis;  Risk Factors;  Schizophrenia;  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Veterans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302836_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A framework for enhancing the value of research for dissemination and implementation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Neta, G.
Author-Name: Glasgow, R.E.
Author-Name: Carpenter, C.R.
Author-Name: Grimshaw, J.M.
Author-Name: Rabin, B.A.
Author-Name: Fernandez, M.E.
Author-Name: Brownson, R.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 49-57
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302206
Abstract: A comprehensive guide that identifies critical evaluation and reporting elements necessary to move research into practice is needed. We propose a framework that highlights the domains required to enhance the value of dissemination and implementation research for end users. We emphasize the importance of transparent reporting on the planning phase of research in addition to delivery, evaluation, and long-term outcomes. We highlight key topics for which well-established reporting and assessment tools are underused (e.g., cost of intervention, implementation strategy, adoption) and where such tools are inadequate or lacking (e.g., context, sustainability, evolution) within the context of existing reporting guidelines. Consistent evaluation of and reporting on these issues with standardized approaches would enhance the value of research for practitioners and decision-makers..
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302206_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mental Illness, mass shootings, and the politics of American firearms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Metzl, J.M.
Author-Name: MacLeish, K.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 240-249
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302242
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302242
Abstract: Four assumptions frequently arise in the aftermath of mass shootings in the United States: (1) that mental illness causes gun violence, (2) that psychiatric diagnosis can predict gun crime, (3) that shootings represent the deranged acts of mentally ill loners, and (4) that gun control "won't prevent" another Newtown (Connecticut school mass shooting). Each of these statements is certainly true in particular instances. Yet, as we show, notions of mental illness that emerge in relation to mass shootings frequently reflect larger cultural stereotypes and anxieties about matters such as race/ethnicity, social class, and politics. These issues become obscured when mass shootings come to stand in for all gun crime, and when "mentally ill" ceases to be a medical designation and becomes a sign of violent threat.
Keywords: firearm;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  mass disaster;  Mental Disorders;  politics;  prevention and control;  psychology;  United States;  violence, Firearms;  Humans;  Mass Casualty Incidents;  Mental Disorders;  Politics;  United States;  Violence
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302242_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Innovating for 21st-century public health education: A case for seizing this moment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fried, L.P.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S5-S7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302549
Keywords: curriculum;  forecasting;  human;  medical education;  trends, Competency-Based Education;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Forecasting;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302549_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Population-wide folic acid fortification and preterm birth: Testing the folate depletion hypothesis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Naimi, A.I.
Author-Name: Auger, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 793-795
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302377
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302377
Abstract: Objectives. We assess whether population-wide folic acid fortification policies were followed by a reduction of preterm and early-term birth rates in Québec among women with short and optimal interpregnancy intervals. Methods. We extracted birth certificate data for 1.3 million births between 1981 and 2010 to compute age-adjusted preterm and early-term birth rates stratified by short and optimal interpregnancy intervals. We used Joinpoint regression to detect changes in the preterm and early term birth rates and assess whether these changes coincide with the implementation of population-wide folic acid fortification. Results. A change in the pretermbirth rate occurred in 2000 among women with short (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1994, 2005) and optimal (95% CI = 1995, 2008) interpregnancy intervals. Changes in early term birth rates did not coincide with the implementation of folic acid fortification. Conclusions. Our results do not indicate a link between folic acid fortification and early term birth but suggest an improvement in preterm birth rates after implementation of a nationwide folic acid fortification program. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: folic acid, Canada;  diet supplementation;  human;  Premature Birth;  statistics and numerical data, Folic Acid;  Food, Fortified;  Humans;  Premature Birth;  Quebec
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302377_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health effects of unemployment benefit program generosity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cylus, J.
Author-Name: Glymour, M.M.
Author-Name: Avendano, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 317-323
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302253
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302253
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the impact of unemployment benefit programs on the health of the unemployed. Methods. We linked US state law data on maximum allowable unemployment benefit levels between 1985 and 2008 to individual self-rated health for heads of households in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and implemented state and year fixed-effect models. Results. Unemployment was associated with increased risk of reporting poor health among men in both linear probability (b = 0.0794; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0623, 0.0965) and logistic models (odds ratio = 2.777; 95% CI = 2.294, 3.362), but this effect is lower when the generosity of state unemployment benefits is high (b for interaction between unemployment and benefits = -0.124; 95% CI = -0.197, -0.0523). A 63% increase in benefits completely offsets the impact of unemployment on self-reported health. Conclusions. Results suggest that unemployment benefits may significantly alleviate the adverse health effects of unemployment among men.
Keywords: adult;  economics;  epidemiology;  female;  health status;  human;  income;  male;  social care;  statistics and numerical data;  unemployment;  United States, Adult;  Female;  Health Status;  Humans;  Income;  Male;  Public Assistance;  Unemployment;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302253_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Simulating the dynamic effect of land use and transport policies on the health of populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McClure, R.J.
Author-Name: Adriazola-Steil, C.
Author-Name: Mulvihill, C.
Author-Name: Fitzharris, M.
Author-Name: Salmon, P.
Author-Name: Bonnington, C.P.
Author-Name: Stevenson, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S223-S229
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302303
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302303
Abstract: Objectives: We identified the features of a land use-transportation system that optimizes the health and well-being of the population. Methods: We developed a quantitative system dynamics model to represent relationships among land use, transport, economic development, and population health. Simulation experiments were conducted over a 10-year simulation period to compare the effect of different baseline conditions and land use-transport policies on the number of motor vehicle crash deaths and disability adjusted life years lost. Results: Optimal reduction in the public health burden attributable to land transport was demonstrated when transport safety risk reduction policies were combined with land use and transport polices that minimized reliance on individual motorized transport and maximized use of active transport modes. The model's results were particularly sensitive to the level of development that characterized each city at the start of the simulation period. Conclusions: Local, national, and international decision-makers are encouraged to address transport, land use, and health as an integrated whole to achieve the desired societal benefits of traffic safety, population health, and social equity.
Keywords: computer simulation;  economic development;  health;  health status;  human;  prevention and control;  statistics and numerical data;  system analysis;  theoretical model;  traffic accident;  traffic and transport, Accidents, Traffic;  Computer Simulation;  Economic Development;  Global Health;  Health Status;  Humans;  Models, Theoretical;  Systems Analysis;  Transportation
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302303_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The intended and unintended consequences of a legal measure to cut the flow of illegal cigarettes into New York City: The case of the South Bronx
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kurti, M.
Author-Name: Von Lampe, K., Jr.
Author-Name: Johnson, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 750-756
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302340
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302340
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of a change in New York tax law on the numbers of untaxed cigarettes bootlegged from Native American reservations and resold in the South Bronx. Methods. Discarded cigarette packs were systematically collected in 30 randomized South Bronx census tracks before and after the amended tax law went into effect in 2011. Also, administrative data were gathered on the number of taxed cigarettes sold in New York State, including sales to Native American reservations. Results. Before the tax amendment, 42% of discarded cigarette packs collected in the South Bronx had no tax stamp. After the tax law went into effect, the percentage of cigarette packs without tax stamps declined to 6.2%. Simultaneously, the percentage of packs with out-of-state tax stamps rose from 18.3% to 66.3%. The percentage of packs with a combined New York State and New York City tax stamp did not change after the tax amendment. Conclusions. After the tax amendment, the supply of contraband cigarettes appears to have quickly shifted from one lower-priced jurisdiction to another without a change in the overall prevalence of contraband cigarettes. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: American Indian;  commercial phenomena;  epidemiology;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  tax;  tobacco;  United States, Commerce;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  New York City;  Smoking;  Taxes;  Tobacco Products
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302340_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rican people who inject drugs: Policy considerations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: López, L.M.
Author-Name: De Saxe Zerden, L.
Author-Name: Bourgois, P.
Author-Name: Hansen, H.
Author-Name: Abadie, R.
Author-Name: Dombrowski, K.
Author-Name: Curtis, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302387
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302387
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302387_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing the challenges of research with small populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Korngiebel, D.M.
Author-Name: Taualii, M.
Author-Name: Forquera, R.
Author-Name: Harris, R.
Author-Name: Buchwald, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1744-1747
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302783
Abstract: Public health policy relies on accurate data, which are often unavailable for small populations, especially indigenous groups. Yet these groups have some of the worst health disparities in the United States, making it an ethical imperative to explore creative solutions to the problem of insufficient data. We discuss the limits of widely applied methods of dataaggregationandpropose a mixed-methods approach to data borrowing as away to augment sample sizes. In this approach, community partners assist in selecting related populations thatmake suitable "neighbors" to enlarge thedatapool. The resultwill be data that are substantial, accurate, and relevant to the needs of small populations, especially for health-related policy and decision-making at all levels.
Keywords: American Indian;  ancestry group;  health care policy;  health survey;  human;  methodology;  minority group;  procedures;  sample size;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Continental Population Groups;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Indians, North American;  Minority Groups;  Public Health Surveillance;  Research Design;  Sample Size;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302783_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: End-of-life care in erry
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wilmont, S.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 58-61
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302189
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302189
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302189_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lavinia dock (1858-1956): Picketing, parading, and protesting
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Garofalo, M.E.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 276-277
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302021
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302021
Keywords: conflict;  history;  history of medicine;  politics;  United States;  women's rights, Dissent and Disputes;  History of Nursing;  History, 19th Century;  History, 20th Century;  Politics;  United States;  Women's Rights
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302021_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Safety net care and midlevel dental practitioners: A case study of the portion of care that might be performed under various setting and scope-of-practice assumptions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Phillips, E.
Author-Name: Gwozdek, A.E.
Author-Name: Shaefer, H.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1770-1776
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302715
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302715
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to determine the proportion of dental care provided at safety net-type clinics that might be performed by midlevel practitioners. Methods. Data were obtained on 157 328 procedures performed in 2012 at the clinics associated with a Midwestern dental school. Based on procedure codes, we determined the overall proportion, as well as the proportion of visits and patients' care, that could have been performed by 3 types of practitioners. Results. Overall, 48% to 66% of all procedures could have been performed by a midlevel dental practitioner. Nearly half of all visits, and roughly a third of all patients, could have been entirely cared for by a practitioner trained in prophylaxis and with evaluation capabilities. Such practitioners could handle roughly 80% of the visits at the community-based clinic and more than half of the visits at the hospital-based clinic. Conclusions. A midlevel practitioner with training in prophylaxis has the potential to alleviate much of the burden on the dental safety net because much of the need among vulnerable populations falls well within their scope of practice.
Keywords: dental assistant;  dental education;  dental student;  economics;  female;  health insurance;  health services research;  human;  male;  manpower;  medicaid;  public health service;  safety net hospital;  United States, Dental Auxiliaries;  Dental Hygienists;  Female;  Humans;  Insurance, Dental;  Male;  Medicaid;  Organizational Case Studies;  Public Health Dentistry;  Safety-net Providers;  Schools, Dental;  Students, Dental;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302715_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of border screening for detecting influenza in arriving airline travelers [Eficacia de la detección sistemática de la gripe en las fronteras en los viajeros que llegan por vía aérea]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Priest, P.C.
Author-Name: Jennings, L.C.
Author-Name: Duncan, A.R.
Author-Name: Brunton, C.R.
Author-Name: Baker, M.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S600-S613
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761
Abstract: Objectives. We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers. Methods. This cross-sectional study collected data from travelers to Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, in winter 2008, via a health questionnaire, temperature testing, and respiratory sampling. Results. Forms were returned by 15 976 (68%) travelers. Of these, 17% reported at least 1 influenza symptom, with runny or blocked nose (10%) and cough (8%) most common. Respiratory specimens were obtained from 3769 travelers. Estimated prevalence of influenza was 1.1% (4% among symptomatic, 0.2% among asymptomatic). The sensitivity of screening criteria ranged from 84% for "any symptom" to 3% for a fever of 37.8 °C or greater. The positive predictive value was low for all criteria. Conclusions. Border screening using self-reported symptoms and temperature testing has limitations for preventing pandemic influenza from entering a country. Using "any symptom" or cough would lead to many uninfected people being investigated, yet some infected people would remain undetected. If more specific criteria such as fever were used, most infected people would enter the country despite screening. Copyright © 2015 American Public Health Association.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Predictive modeling and concentration of the risk of suicide: Implications for preventive interventions in the us department of veterans affairs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McCarthy, J.F.
Author-Name: Bossarte, R.M.
Author-Name: Katz, I.R.
Author-Name: Thompson, C.
Author-Name: Kemp, J.
Author-Name: Hannemann, C.M.
Author-Name: Nielson, C.
Author-Name: Schoenbaum, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1935-1942
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302737
Abstract: Objectives. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) evaluated the use of predictive modeling to identify patients at risk for suicide and to supplement ongoing care with risk-stratified interventions. Methods. Suicide data came from the National Death Index. Predictors were measures from VHA clinical records incorporating patient-months from October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2011, for all suicide decedents and 1% of living patients, divided randomly into development and validation samples. We used data on all patients alive on September 30, 2010, to evaluate predictions of suicide risk over 1 year. Results. Modeling demonstrated that suicide rates were 82 and 60 times greater than the rate in the overall sample in the highest 0.01% stratum for calculated risk for the development and validation samples, respectively; 39 and 30 times greater in the highest 0.10%; 14 and 12 times greater in the highest 1.00%; and 6.3 and 5.7 times greater in the highest 5.00%. Conclusions. Predictive modeling can identify high-risk patients who were not identified on clinical grounds. VHA is developing modeling to enhance clinical care and to guide the delivery of preventive interventions.
Keywords: epidemiology;  female;  government;  human;  male;  predictive value;  psychology;  risk assessment;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide;  United States;  veteran, Female;  Humans;  Male;  Predictive Value of Tests;  Risk Assessment;  Suicide;  United States;  United States Department of Veterans Affairs;  Veterans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302737_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increasing access to fruits and vegetables: Perspectives from the New York City experience
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sacks, R.
Author-Name: Yi, S.S.
Author-Name: Nonas, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e29-e37
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302587
Abstract: Broad recognition now exists that price, availability, and other structural factors are meaningful barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among low-income adults. Beginning in 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene used the social-ecological model to develop a multifaceted effort to increase fruit and vegetable access citywide, with emphasis in lowincome neighborhoods. Overall, the percentage of New York City adults who reported consuming no fruits and vegetables in the previous day decreased slightly over a 10-year period (2002:14.3% [95% confidence interval = 13.4%, 15.2%]; 2012:12.5% [95% confidence interval = 11.4%, 13.6%]; Pfor trend <.001). Our approach hypothesizes that complementary initiatives, implemented simultaneously, will create a citywide food environment that fuels changes in social norms and cultural preferences, increases consumer demand, and supports sustainable access to affordable produce.
Keywords: catering service;  commercial phenomena;  cooperation;  demography;  fruit;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  poverty;  socioeconomics;  United States;  vegetable, Commerce;  Cooperative Behavior;  Food Supply;  Fruit;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  New York City;  Poverty;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Vegetables
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302587_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Promoting innovative thinking
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ness, R.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S114-S118
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302365
Abstract: Innovation is the engine of scientific progress, yet we do not train public health students to think creatively. I present the key concepts within an evidence-based method currently taught at the University of Texas. Habitual thought patterns involve deeply held framed expectations. Finding alternatives generates originality. Because frame breaking is difficult, a series of innovation heuristics and tools are offered including enhancing observation, using analogies, changing point of view, juggling opposites, broadening perspective, reversal, reorganization and combination, and getting the most from groups. Gaining cognitive attributes such as nonjudgment, willingness to question, mindfulness, and plasticity is also emphasized. Students completing the class demonstrate substantial increases on a standardized test of idea fluency and originality, more joyful attitudes toward science, and more pluralistic approaches.
Keywords: creativity;  human;  medical education;  observation;  procedures;  school;  teaching;  United States, Creativity;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Observation;  Schools, Public Health;  Teaching;  Texas
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302365_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The integrated first year experience in the master of public health program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dewar, D.M.
Author-Name: Bloom, M.S.
Author-Name: Choi, H.
Author-Name: Gensburg, L.
Author-Name: Hosler, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S97-S98
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302558
Abstract: Schools of Public Health historically introduced core curriculum courses in the first year of the Master of Public Health program as independent perspectives; these perspectives included epidemiology, biostatistics, environmentalhealth,public health biology, health behaviors, and health policy. We performed a pilot project that integrated the core areas around diabetes as a cross-cutting public health issue to provide early exposure to the interdisciplinary nature of public health. In each core curriculum course, diabetes was explored in the curriculum and related to other core courses. Based on positive evaluations, this project will be replicated using a different health issue. Such an issue can be easily introduced as an overarching umbrella under which students are motivated to work through interdisciplinary collaboration.
Keywords: academic achievement;  curriculum;  diabetes mellitus;  human;  interdisciplinary communication;  medical education;  organization and management;  pilot study;  program development;  program evaluation;  school, Curriculum;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Humans;  Interdisciplinary Communication;  Pilot Projects;  Program Development;  Program Evaluation;  Schools, Public Health
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302558_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Recall of anti-tobacco advertisements and effects on quitting behavior: Results from the California smokers cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leas, E.C.
Author-Name: Myers, M.G.
Author-Name: Strong, D.R.
Author-Name: Hofstetter, C.R.
Author-Name: Al-Delaimy, W.K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e90-e97
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302249
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed whether an anti-tobacco television advertisement called "Stages," which depicted a woman giving a brief emotional narrative of her experiences with tobacco use, would be recalledmore often and have a greater effect on smoking cessation than 3 other advertisements with different intended themes. Methods. Our data were derived from a sample of 2596 California adult smokers. We used multivariable log-binomial and modified Poisson regression models to calculate respondents' probability of quitting as a result of advertisement recall. Results. More respondents recalled the "Stages" ad (58.5%) than the 3 other ads (23.1%, 23.4%, and 25.6%; P < .001). Respondents who recalled "Stages" at baseline had a higher probability than those who did not recall the ad of making a quit attempt between baseline and follow-up (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.34) and a higher probability of being in a period of smoking abstinence for at least a month at follow-up (adjusted RR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.37). Conclusions. Anti-tobacco television advertisements that depict visceral and personal messages may be recalled by a larger percentage of smokers and may have a greater impact on smoking cessation than other types of advertisements.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  advertizing;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  prevention and control;  procedures;  psychology;  recall;  smoking;  smoking cessation;  statistics and numerical data;  television;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Advertising as Topic;  California;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Mental Recall;  Middle Aged;  Smoking;  Smoking Cessation;  Television;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302249_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State-level relationships cannot tell us anything about individuals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Harris, A.H.S.
Author-Name: Humphreys, K.
Author-Name: Finney, J.W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302604
Keywords: medical cannabis, drug control;  female;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide, Drug and Narcotic Control;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Medical Marijuana;  Suicide
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302604_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: National dissemination of strongwomen-healthy hearts: A community-based program to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease among midlife and older women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Folta, S.C.
Author-Name: Seguin, R.A.
Author-Name: Chui, K.K.H.
Author-Name: Clark, V.
Author-Name: Corbin, M.A.
Author-Name: Goldberg, J.P.
Author-Name: Heidkamp-Young, E.
Author-Name: Lichtenstein, A.H.
Author-Name: Wiker, N.
Author-Name: Nelson, M.E.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2578-2585
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302866
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302866
Abstract: Objectives. We describe the national dissemination of an evidence-based community cardiovascular disease prevention program for midlife and older women using the RE-AIM (reach effectiveness adoption implementation maintenance) framework and share key lessons learned during translation. Methods. In a 2010 to 2014 collaboration between the StrongWomen program and the National Extension Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, we assessed reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance using survey methods, and we assessed effectiveness using a pretest-posttest within-participants design, with weight change as the primary outcome. Results. Overall reach into the population was 15 per 10 000. Of 85 trained leaders, 41 (48%) adopted the program. During the 12-week intervention, weight decreased by 0.5 kilograms, fruit and vegetable intake increased by 2.1 servings per day, and physical activity increased by 1238 metabolic equivalent (MET)- minutes per week (all P < .001). Average fidelity score was 4.7 (out of possible 5). Eleven of 41 adopting leaders (27%) maintained the program. Conclusions. The StrongWomen-Healthy Hearts program can be implemented with high fidelity in a variety of settings while remaining effective. These data provide direction for program modification to improve impact as dissemination continues.
Keywords: adult;  aged;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  female;  human;  mass communication;  middle aged;  program evaluation;  risk reduction, Adult;  Aged;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Diffusion of Innovation;  Female;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Program Evaluation;  Risk Reduction Behavior
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302866_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chen, R.
Author-Name: Smyser, M.
Author-Name: Chan, N.
Author-Name: Ta, M.
Author-Name: Saelens, B.E.
Author-Name: Krieger, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 546-553
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302262
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302262
Abstract: Objectives. We examined population-level impact on customer awareness and use and explored potential disparities in outcomes regarding the King County, Washington, regulation requiring chain restaurants to provide calorie information.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  attitude to health;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  caloric intake;  catering service;  classification;  cross-sectional study;  decision making;  fast food;  feeding behavior;  female;  food packaging;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  middle aged;  obesity;  regression analysis;  sex ratio;  social class;  statistics and numerical data;  Washington;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Decision Making;  Energy Intake;  Fast Foods;  Female;  Food Habits;  Food Labeling;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Obesity;  Regression Analysis;  Restaurants;  Sex Distribution;  Social Class;  Washington;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302262_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Knowledge gains following a child sexual abuse prevention program among urban students: A cluster-randomized evaluation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pulido, M.L.
Author-Name: Dauber, S.
Author-Name: Tully, B.A.
Author-Name: Hamilton, P.
Author-Name: Smith, M.J.
Author-Name: Freeman, K.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1344-1350
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302594
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated a school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program, Safe Touches, in a low-socioeconomic status, racially diverse sample. Methods. Participants were 492 second- and third-grade students at 6 public elementary schools in New York City. The study period spanned fall 2012 through summer 2014. We cluster-randomized classrooms to the Safe Touches intervention or control groups and assessed outcomes with the Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire. Hierarchical models tested change in children's knowledge of inappropriate and appropriate touch. Results. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group on knowledge of inappropriate touch. Children in second grade and children in schools with a greater proportion of students in general (vs special) education showed greater gains than other participants in knowledge of inappropriate touch. We observed no significant change in knowledge of appropriate touch among control or intervention groups. Conclusions. Young children benefited from a school-based, 1-time CSA prevention program. Future research should explore the efficacy of CSA prevention programs with children before the second grade to determine optimal age for participation.
Keywords: child;  child sexual abuse;  controlled study;  education;  female;  human;  male;  prevention and control;  randomized controlled trial;  school health service;  United States;  urban population, Child;  Child Abuse, Sexual;  Education;  Educational Measurement;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  New York City;  School Health Services;  Urban Population
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302594_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Use of life course work - Family profiles to predict mortality risk among US women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sabbath, E.L.
Author-Name: Guevara, I.M.
Author-Name: Glymour, M.M.
Author-Name: Berkman, L.F.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: e96-e102
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302471
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302471
Abstract: Objectives. We examined relationships between US women's exposure to midlife work-family demands and subsequent mortality risk. Methods. We used data from women born 1935 to 1956 in the Health and Retirement Study to calculate employment, marital, and parenthood statuses for each age between 16 and 50 years. We used sequence analysis to identify 7 prototypical work-family trajectories. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with work-family sequences, with adjustment for covariates and potentially explanatory later-life factors. Results. Married women staying home with children briefly before reentering the workforce had the lowest mortality rates. In comparison, after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education, HRs for mortality were 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 2.90) among single nonworking mothers, 1.48 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.98) among single working mothers, and 1.36 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.80) among married nonworking mothers. Adjustment for later-life behavioral and economic factors partially attenuated risks. Conclusions. Sequence analysis is a promising exposure assessment tool for life course research. This method permitted identification of certain lifetime work-family profiles associated with mortality risk before age 75 years. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: age distribution;  aged;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  middle aged;  mortality;  risk;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States;  women's health;  work, Age Distribution;  Aged;  Female;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Mortality;  Risk;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States;  Women's Health;  Work
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302471_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV prevalence and awareness of positive serostatus among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bogotá, Colombia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zea, M.C.
Author-Name: Reisen, C.A.
Author-Name: Del Río-González, A.M.
Author-Name: Bianchi, F.T.
Author-Name: Ramirez-Valles, J.
Author-Name: Poppen, P.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1588-1595
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302307
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302307
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in Bogotá, Colombia, and explored differences between HIV-positive individuals who are aware and unaware of their serostatus. Methods. In this cross-sectional 2011 study, we used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 1000 MSM and transgender women, who completed a computerized questionnaire and received an HIV test. Results. The RDS-adjusted prevalence was 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.7, 15.8), comparable to a previous RDS-derived estimate. Among HIV-positive participants, 39.7% (95% CI = 25.0, 54.8) were aware of their serostatus and 60.3% (95% CI = 45.2, 75.5) were unaware before this study. HIV-positive-unaware individuals were more likely to report inadequate insurance coverage, exchange sex (i.e., sexual intercourse in exchange for money, goods, or services), and substance use than other participants. HIV-positive-aware participants were least likely to have had condomless anal intercourse in the previous 3 months. Regardless of awareness, HIV-positive participants reported more violence and forced relocation experiences than HIV-negative participants. Conclusions. There is an urgent need to increase HIV detection among MSM and transgender women in Bogotá. HIV-positive-unaware group characteristics suggest an important role for structural, social, and individual interventions. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Colombia;  cross-sectional study;  female;  HIV Infections;  HIV Seropositivity;  homosexuality;  human;  male;  middle aged;  psychology;  questionnaire;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  transgender;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Colombia;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Female;  HIV Infections;  HIV Seropositivity;  Homosexuality;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Sexual Behavior;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Transgender Persons;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302307_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Medical marijuana laws and suicide
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grucza, R.A.
Author-Name: Hur, M.
Author-Name: Agrawal, A.
Author-Name: Krauss, M.J.
Author-Name: Plunk, A.D.
Author-Name: Cavazos-Rehg, P.A.
Author-Name: Chaloupka, F.J.
Author-Name: Bierut, L.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302745
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302745
Keywords: medical cannabis, drug control;  female;  human;  male;  statistics and numerical data;  suicide, Drug and Narcotic Control;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Medical Marijuana;  Suicide
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302745_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Paid leave mandates may fail to reach part-time workers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Romich, J.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302550
Keywords: female;  human;  male;  medical leave;  policy;  statistics and numerical data, Female;  Humans;  Male;  Organizational Policy;  Sick Leave
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302550_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Program fidelity measures associated with an effective child restraint program: Buckle-up safely
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hunter, K.
Author-Name: Keay, L.
Author-Name: Simpson, J.M.
Author-Name: Brown, J.
Author-Name: Bilston, L.E.
Author-Name: Fegan, M.
Author-Name: Cosgrove, L.
Author-Name: Stevenson, M.
Author-Name: Ivers, R.Q.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 584-590
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302308
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302308
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to identify the program fidelity factors associated with successful implementation of the Buckle-Up Safely program, targeting correct use of age-appropriate child car restraints.
Keywords: age;  child restraint system;  controlled study;  day care;  education;  health care planning;  human;  New South Wales;  nursery school;  parent;  preschool child;  prevention and control;  program evaluation;  randomized controlled trial;  safety;  standards;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  traffic accident;  Wounds and Injuries, Accidents, Traffic;  Age Factors;  Child Day Care Centers;  Child Restraint Systems;  Child, Preschool;  Health Plan Implementation;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  New South Wales;  Parents;  Program Evaluation;  Safety;  Schools, Nursery;  Wounds and Injuries
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302308_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV treatment scale-up and HIV-related stigma in sub-Saharan Africa: A longitudinal cross-country analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chan, B.T.
Author-Name: Tsai, A.C.
Author-Name: Siedner, M.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1581-1587
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302716
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302716
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and HIV-related stigma at the population level in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. We examined trends in HIV-related stigma and ART coverage in sub-Saharan Africa during 2003 to 2013 using longitudinal, population-based data on ART coverage from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS and on HIV-related stigma from the Demographic and Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys. We fitted 2 linear regression models with country fixed effects, with the percentage of men or women reporting HIV-related stigma as the dependent variable and the percentage of people living with HIV on ART as the explanatory variable. Results. Eighteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in our analysis. For each 1% increase in ART coverage, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of women (b = -0.226; P = .007; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.383, -0.070) and men (b = -0.281; P = .009; 95% CI = -0.480, -0.082) in the general population reporting HIV-related stigma. Conclusions. An important benefit of ART scale-up may be the diminution of HIV-related stigma in the general population. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: antivirus agent, adolescent;  adult;  Africa south of the Sahara;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  patient attitude;  psychology;  questionnaire;  sex difference;  statistics and numerical data;  stereotyping;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Africa South of the Sahara;  Antiviral Agents;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Patient Acceptance of Health Care;  Sex Factors;  Stereotyping;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302716_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Overdose epidemic, prescription monitoring programs, and public health: A review of state laws
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Davis, C.S.
Author-Name: Johnston, J.E.
Author-Name: Pierce, M.W.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e9-e11
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302856
Abstract: Prescription monitoring programs (PMPs), state-level databases that collect patientspecific prescription information at the time medications are dispensed, have been suggested as tools to address the overdose epidemic.We reviewed all lawsintheUnited States (n =25) that articulated the purposes PMPs are intended to serve. Attributes related to reducing abuse, misuse, and diversion of prescription medications appeared most commonly. Only 5 purpose statements mentioned the promotion of public health as goals of the PMP, and only 3 listed improving health care. None listed overdose prevention as a goal of the PMP.
Keywords: narcotic analgesic agent;  prescription drug, clinical practice;  drug control;  drug overdose;  epidemic;  human;  Opioid-Related Disorders;  organization and management;  public health;  United States, Analgesics, Opioid;  Drug and Narcotic Control;  Drug Overdose;  Epidemics;  Humans;  Opioid-Related Disorders;  Practice Patterns, Physicians';  Prescription Drugs;  Public Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302856_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual orientation and risk of pregnancy among New York City high-school students
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lindley, L.L.
Author-Name: Walsemann, K.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 7
Pages: 1379-1386
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302553
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between sexual orientation and pregnancy risk among sexually experienced New York City high-school students. Methods. We analyzed data from 2005, 2007, and 2009 New York City Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We excluded students who had never engaged in sexual intercourse, only had same-gender sexual partners, or had missing data on variables of interest, resulting in a final sample of 4892 female and 4811 male students. We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine pregnancy risk by sexual orientation, measured as self-reported sexual identity and gender of sexual partners, with adjustment for demographics and sexual behaviors. We stratified analyses by gender. Results. Overall, 14.3% of female and 10.8% of male students had experienced a pregnancy. Students who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported both male and female sexual partners had higher odds of pregnancy than heterosexual students or students who only had opposite-gender sexual partners. Sexual behaviors accounted for higher odds of pregnancy among female, but only partially accounted for higher odds of pregnancy involvement among male, sexual-minority students. Conclusions. Sexual orientation should be considered in future adolescent pregnancy-prevention efforts, including the design of pregnancyprevention interventions.
Keywords: adolescent;  adolescent pregnancy;  bisexuality;  child;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  lesbianism;  male;  male homosexuality;  pregnancy;  psychology;  risk factor;  sex difference;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data;  student;  United States, Adolescent;  Bisexuality;  Child;  Female;  Homosexuality, Female;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  New York City;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy in Adolescence;  Risk Factors;  Sex Factors;  Sexual Behavior;  Students
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302553_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Asian American problem drinking trajectories during the transition to adulthood: Ethnic drinking cultures and neighborhood contexts
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cook, W.K.
Author-Name: Karriker-Jaffe, K.J.
Author-Name: Bond, J.
Author-Name: Lui, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1020-1027
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302196
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302196
Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to identify problem drinking trajectories and their predictors among Asian Americans transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. We considered cultural and socioeconomic contextual factors, specifically ethnic drinking cultures, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and neighborhood coethnic density, to identify subgroups at high risk for developing problematic drinking trajectories. Methods: We used a sample of 1333 Asian Americans from 4 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008) in growth mixture models to identify trajectory classes of frequent heavy episodic drinking and drunkenness. We fitted multinomial logistic regression models to identify predictors of trajectory class membership. Results: Two dimensions of ethnic drinking culture-drinking prevalence and detrimental drinking pattern in the country of origin-were predictive of problematic heavy episodic drinking and drunkenness trajectories. Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status in adolescence was predictive of the trajectory class indicating increasing frequency of drunkenness. Neighborhood coethnic density was not predictive of trajectory class membership. Conclusions: Drinking cultures in the country of origin may have enduring effects on drinking among Asian Americans. Further research on ethnic drinking cultures in the United States is warranted for prevention and intervention.
Keywords: adolescent;  age;  alcohol intoxication;  alcoholism;  Asian American;  child;  cultural anthropology;  cultural factor;  demography;  drinking behavior;  ethnology;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  peer group;  prevalence;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Acculturation;  Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  Alcoholism;  Asian Americans;  Child;  Culture;  Female;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Peer Group;  Prevalence;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302196_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Household crowding and food insecurity among inuit families with school-aged children in the canadian arctic
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ruiz-Castell, M.
Author-Name: Muckle, G.
Author-Name: Dewailly, E.
Author-Name: Jacobson, J.L.
Author-Name: Jacobson, S.W.
Author-Name: Ayotte, P.
Author-Name: Riva, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e122-e132
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the relation of household crowding to food insecurity among Inuit families with school-aged children in Arctic Quebec.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  Arctic;  Canada;  caregiver;  catering service;  child;  cross-sectional study;  crowding (area);  demography;  economics;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  family size;  human;  interview;  Inuit;  Quebec;  social class;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data, Adolescent;  Adult;  Arctic Regions;  Canada;  Caregivers;  Child;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Crowding;  Family Characteristics;  Food Supply;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Inuits;  Logistic Models;  Quebec;  Residence Characteristics;  Social Class
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Neighborhood blight, stress, and health: A walking trial of urban greening and ambulatory heart rate
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: South, E.C.
Author-Name: Kondo, M.C.
Author-Name: Cheney, R.A.
Author-Name: Branas, C.C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 909-913
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302526
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302526
Abstract: We measured dynamic stress responses using ambulatory heart rate monitoring as participants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania walked past vacant lots before and after a greening remediation treatment of randomly selected lots. Being in view of a greened vacant lot decreased heart rate significantly more than did being in view of a nongreened vacant lot or not in view of any vacant lot. Remediating neighborhood blight may reduce stress and improve health.
Keywords: African American;  ambulatory monitoring;  demography;  environment;  environmental planning;  female;  heart rate;  human;  male;  Pennsylvania;  physiology;  socioeconomics;  walking, African Americans;  Environment;  Environment Design;  Female;  Heart Rate;  Humans;  Male;  Monitoring, Ambulatory;  Philadelphia;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Walking
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302526_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Association of campus tobacco policies with secondhand smoke exposure, intention to smoke on campus, and attitudes about outdoor smoking restrictions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fallin, A.
Author-Name: Roditis, M.
Author-Name: Glantz, S.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1098-1100
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302251
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302251
Abstract: College campus tobacco-free policies are an emerging trend. Between September 2013 and May 2014, we surveyed 1309 college students at 8 public 4-year institutions across California with a range of policies (smoke-free indoors only, designated outdoor smoking areas, smoke-free, and tobacco-free). Stronger policies were associated with fewer students reporting exposure to secondhand smoke or seeing someone smoke on campus. On tobacco-free college campuses, fewer students smoked and reported intention to smoke on campus. Strong majorities of students supported outdoor smoking restrictions across all policy types. Comprehensive tobacco-free policies are effective in reducing exposure to smoking and intention to smoke on campus. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: passive smoking, attitude to health;  behavior;  female;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  male;  passive smoking;  policy;  prevention and control;  psychology;  questionnaire;  smoking;  student;  United States;  university;  young adult, Attitude to Health;  California;  Female;  Humans;  Intention;  Male;  Organizational Policy;  Smoking;  Students;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution;  Universities;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302251_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of prices and taxes on the use of tobacco products in latin america and the caribbean
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guindon, G.E.
Author-Name: Paraje, G.R.
Author-Name: Chaloupka, F.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e9-e19
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302396
Abstract: We examined the impact of tobacco prices or taxes on tobacco use in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We searched MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, unpublished literature, 6 specialty journals, and reviewed references.We calculated pooled price elasticities using random-effects models.
Keywords: bibliographic database;  Caribbean;  commercial phenomena;  economics;  epidemiology;  human;  prevention and control;  smoking;  South and Central America;  tax;  tobacco;  utilization, Caribbean Region;  Commerce;  Databases, Bibliographic;  Humans;  Latin America;  Smoking;  Taxes;  Tobacco Products
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302396_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sustained benefit over four-year follow-up of Michigan's project healthy schools
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Corriveau, N.
Author-Name: Eagle, T.
Author-Name: Jiang, Q.
Author-Name: Rogers, R.
Author-Name: Gurm, R.
Author-Name: Aaronson, S.
Author-Name: Mitchell, L.
Author-Name: DuRussel-Weston, J.
Author-Name: Kline-Rogers, E.
Author-Name: Eagle, K.A.
Author-Name: Jackson, E.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e19-e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302835
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302835
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the sustainability of effects of a school-based intervention to improve health behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors among middle school children. Methods. We administered a questionnaire and health screenings to 5 schools in Ann Arbor and 2 schools in Ypsilanti, Michigan. We assessed demographics, physiological factors, diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors from 1126 students who received a health curriculum (Project Healthy Schools) in the fall of sixth grade in 2005, 2006, and 2007. We administered the questionnaire and screening again in the spring and each subsequent spring through ninth grade to all available, consenting students. Results. In the 4 years following the school-based intervention, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides improved, and for most years systolic and diastolic blood pressure improved. Serum glucose and body mass index did not change. Physical activity increased and sedentary behaviors diminished. Conclusions. Project Healthy Schools is associated with sustainable improvements in both cardiovascular parameters and healthy behaviors.
Keywords: cholesterol;  glucose blood level;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  triacylglycerol, adolescent;  analysis;  blood;  blood pressure;  body mass;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  child;  female;  follow up;  glucose blood level;  health behavior;  human;  male;  Michigan;  motor activity;  program evaluation;  questionnaire;  school health service, Adolescent;  Blood Glucose;  Blood Pressure;  Body Mass Index;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Child;  Cholesterol;  Cholesterol, LDL;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Health Behavior;  Humans;  Male;  Michigan;  Motor Activity;  Program Evaluation;  School Health Services;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Triglycerides
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302835_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners in urban gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pantalone, D.W.
Author-Name: Tomassilli, J.C.
Author-Name: Starks, T.J.
Author-Name: Golub, S.A.
Author-Name: Parsons, J.T.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 103-110
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302093)
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302093)
Abstract: Objectives: We investigated trends in, and predictors of, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual male partners of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Methods: We analyzed data from cross-sectional intercept surveys conducted annually (2003-2008) at 2 large lesbian, gay, and bisexual community events in New York City. Survey data covered GBMSM's highest-risk behaviors for HIV acquisition (HIV-negative or unknown status GBMSM, any UAI) and transmission (HIV-positive GBMSM, any serodiscordant unprotected UAI). Results: Across years, 32.3% to 51.5% of the HIV-negative or unknown status men endorsed any UAI, and 36.9% to 52.9% of the HIV-positive men endorsed serodiscordant UAI. We observed a few statistically significant fluctuations in engagement in high-risk behavior. However, these do not appear to constitute meaningful trends. Similarly, in some years, one or another demographic predictor of UAI was significant. Across years, however, no reliable pattern emerged. Conclusions: A significant proportion of urban GBMSM engage in high-risk sex, regardless of serostatus. No consistent demographic predictors emerged, implying a need for broad-based interventions that target all GBMSM.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302093)_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sedative hypnotic medication use and the risk of motor vehicle crash
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hansen, R.N.
Author-Name: Boudreau, D.M.
Author-Name: Ebel, B.E.
Author-Name: Grossman, D.C.
Author-Name: Sullivan, S.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e64-e69
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302723
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302723
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to estimate the association between sedative hypnotic use and motor vehicle crash risk. Methods. We conducted a new user cohort study of 409 171 adults in an integrated health care system. Health plan data were linked to driver license and collision records. Participants were aged 21 years or older, licensed to drive in Washington State, had at least 1 year of continuous enrollment between 2003 and 2008, and were followed until death, disenrollment, or study end. We used proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of crash associated with 3 sedatives. Results. We found 5.8% of patients received new sedative prescriptions, with 11 197 person-years of exposure. New users of sedatives were associated with an increased risk of crash relative to nonuse: temazepam hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85, 1.91), trazodone HR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.62, 2.25), and zolpidem HR = 2.20 (95% CI = 1.64, 2.95). These risk estimates are equivalent to blood alcohol concentration levels between 0.06% and 0.11%. Conclusions. New use of sedative hypnotics is associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk. Clinicians initiating sedative hypnotic treatment should consider length of treatment and counseling on driving risk. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: hypnotic sedative agent;  prescription drug;  pyridine derivative;  temazepam;  trazodone;  zolpidem, adult;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  middle aged;  proportional hazards model;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  traffic accident;  Washington, Accidents, Traffic;  Adult;  Female;  Humans;  Hypnotics and Sedatives;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prescription Drugs;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Pyridines;  Risk Factors;  Temazepam;  Trazodone;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302723_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Loose cigarette purchasing and nondaily smoking among young adult bar patrons in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guillory, J.
Author-Name: Johns, M.
Author-Name: Farley, S.M.
Author-Name: Ling, P.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e140-e147
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302518
Abstract: Objectives. We examined loose cigarette (loosie) purchasing behavior among young adult (aged 18-26 years) smokers at bars in New York City and factors associated with purchase and use. Methods. Between June and December 2013, we conducted cross-sectional surveys (n = 1916) in randomly selected bars and nightclubs. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined associations of loose cigarette purchasing and use with smoking frequency, price, social norms, cessation behaviors, and demographics. Results. Forty-five percent (n = 621) of nondaily smokers and 57% (n = 133) of daily smokers had ever purchased a loosie; 15% of nondaily smokers and 4% of daily smokers reported that their last cigarette was a loosie. Nondaily smokers who never smoked daily were more likely than were daily smokers to have last smoked a loosie (odds ratio = 7.27; 95% confidence interval = 2.35, 22.48). Quitting behaviors and perceived approval of smoking were associated with ever purchasing and recently smoking loosies. Conclusions. Loosie purchase and use is common among young adults, especially nondaily smokers. Smoking patterns and attitudes should be considered to reduce loose cigarette purchasing among young adults in New York City. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  attitude to health;  catering service;  economics;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  male;  New York;  smoking;  statistics and numerical data;  supply and distribution;  tobacco;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Attitude to Health;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  New York City;  Restaurants;  Smoking;  Tobacco Products;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302518_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Diffusion of impaired driving laws among US states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Macinko, J.
Author-Name: Silver, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: 1893-1900
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302670
Abstract: Objectives. We examined internal and external determinants of state's adoption of impaired driving laws. Methods. Data included 7 state-level, evidence-based public health laws collected from 1980 to 2010. We used event history analyses to identify predictors of first-time law adoption and subsequent adoption between state pairs. The independent variables were internal state factors, including the political environment, legislative professionalism, government capacity, state resources, legislative history, and policy-specific risk factors. The external factors were neighboring states' history of law adoption and changes in federal law. Results. We found a strong secular trend toward an increased number of laws over time. The proportion of younger drivers and the presence of a neighboring state with similar laws were the strongest predictors of first-time law adoption. The predictors of subsequent law adoption included neighbor state adoption and previous legislative action. Alcohol laws were negatively associated with first-time adoption of impaired driving laws, suggesting substitution effects among policy choices. Conclusions. Organizations seeking to stimulate state policy changes may need to craft strategies that engage external actors, such as neighboring states, in addition to mobilizing within-state constituencies.
Keywords: addiction;  car driving;  government;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  policy;  United States, Automobile Driving;  Humans;  Public Policy;  State Government;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302670_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Obesogenic dietary practices of Latino and Asian subgroups of children in California: An analysis of the California Health Interview Survey, 2007-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guerrero, A.D.
Author-Name: Ponce, N.A.
Author-Name: Chung, P.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e105-e112
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302618
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302618
Abstract: Objectives. We examined obesogenic dietary practices among Latino and Asian subgroups of children living in California. Methods. We analyzed 2007, 2009, and 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey data to examine the differences in dietary practices among Mexican and non-Mexican Latino children and 7 ethnic subgroups of Asian children. We used multivariable regression to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with specific dietary practices. Results. Latino subgroups of children had few differences in obesogenic dietary practices, whereas Asian subgroups of children exhibited significant differences in several obesogenic dietary practices. Korean and Filipino children were more likely than Chinese children to consume fast food and have low vegetable intake. Filipino children, followed by Japanese children, had the most obesogenic dietary practices compared with Chinese children, who along with South Asian children appeared to have the least obesogenic dietary practices. In general, income, education, and acculturation did not explain the dietary differences among Asian groups. Conclusions. Our findings suggest the need to disaggregate dietary profiles of Asian and Latino children and to consider nontraditional sociodemographic factors for messaging and counseling on healthy dietary practices among Asian populations. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adverse effects;  Asian American;  California;  child;  China;  diet;  ethnology;  female;  health survey;  human;  Japan;  male;  Mexican American;  Overweight;  Pediatric Obesity;  Philippines;  preschool child;  South Korea;  Southeast Asia;  statistics and numerical data, Asia, Southeastern;  Asian Americans;  California;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  China;  Diet;  Female;  Health Surveys;  Humans;  Japan;  Male;  Mexican Americans;  Overweight;  Pediatric Obesity;  Philippines;  Republic of Korea
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302618_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A low-cost partner notification strategy for the control of sexually transmitted diseases: A case study from Louisiana
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rahman, M.M.
Author-Name: Khan, M.
Author-Name: Gruber, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1675-1680
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302434
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302434
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated the costs and effectiveness of implementing a partner notification (PN) strategy for highly prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) within the Louisiana STD/HIV Program. Methods. We carried out a telephone-based PN approach on an experimental basis in 2 public STD clinics in Louisiana from June 2010 to May 2012. We monitored data on the resources used for identifying, tracing, treating, and managing the infected cases and their partners to estimate the intervention costs. Results. Our results indicated that implementation of telephone-based PN should not increase the STD control program's expenses by more than 4.5%. This low-cost PN approach could successfully identify and treat 1 additional infected case at a cost of only $171. We found that the cost per disability-adjusted life year averted (a health outcome measure), because of the adoption of selective screening with partner tracing, was $4499. This was significantly lower than the gross domestic product per capita of the United States, a threshold used for defining highly cost-effective health interventions. Conclusions. Adoption of PN for gonorrhea and chlamydia should be considered a national strategy for prevention and control of these diseases. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: iopanoic acid, Chlamydia Infections;  contact examination;  cost benefit analysis;  economics;  gonorrhea;  health care cost;  health services research;  human;  Louisiana;  procedures;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  transmission, Chlamydia Infections;  Contact Tracing;  Cost-Benefit Analysis;  Gonorrhea;  Health Care Costs;  Humans;  Iopanoic Acid;  Louisiana;  Organizational Case Studies;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302434_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The alcohol policy environment and policy subgroups as predictors of binge drinking measures among US adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Xuan, Z.
Author-Name: Blanchette, J.
Author-Name: Nelson, T.F.
Author-Name: Heeren, T.
Author-Name: Oussayef, N.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 816-822
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302112
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302112
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the relationships of the state-level alcohol policy environment and policy subgroups with individual-level binge drinking measures. Methods. We used generalized estimating equations regression models to relate the alcohol policy environment based on data from 29 policies in US states from 2004 to 2009 to 3 binge drinking measures in adults from the 2005 to 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Results. A 10 percentage point higher alcohol policy environment score, which reflected increased policy effectiveness and implementation, was associated with an 8% lower adjusted odds of binge drinking and binge drinking 5 or more times, and a 10% lower adjusted odds of consuming 10 or more drinks. Policies that targeted the general population rather than the underage population, alcohol consumption rather than impaired driving, and raising the price or reducing the availability of alcohol had the strongest independent associations with reduced binge drinking. Alcohol taxes and outlet density accounted for approximately half of the effect magnitude observed for all policies. Conclusions. A small number of policies that raised alcohol prices and reduced its availability appeared to affect binge drinking. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  behavioral risk factor surveillance system;  binge drinking;  drinking behavior;  female;  health care policy;  human;  male;  middle aged;  prevention and control, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Intoxication;  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System;  Binge Drinking;  Female;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302112_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing complexities in global health and inequities in global health education
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rosenberg, J.D.
Author-Name: Wachter, K.J.
Author-Name: Campbell, A.C.
Author-Name: Rhatigan, J.J.
Author-Name: Weintraub, R.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302759
Keywords: academic achievement;  health;  human;  medical education;  problem based learning;  procedures, Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Global Health;  Humans;  Problem-Based Learning
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302759_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual violence in America: Public funding and social priority
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Waechter, R.
Author-Name: Ma, V.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2430-2437
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302860
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302860
Abstract: We compared lifetime risk, annual incidence, and annual economic burden of sexual violence with other major public health issues in the United States: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. With public funding data from 2013, we examined how much public funding is allocated to these public health issues as a proxy of the social priority of addressing each of them. Although sexual violence is as prevalent as and more costly than are these other major public health issues, it receives a fraction of the public funds that they receive.
Keywords: crime victim;  epidemiology;  female;  financial management;  health care planning;  human;  incidence;  male;  prevention and control;  psychology;  rape;  resource allocation;  risk factor;  sexual crime;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Crime Victims;  Female;  Financing, Government;  Health Priorities;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Rape;  Resource Allocation;  Risk Factors;  Sex Offenses;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302860_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Efficacy of an adapted HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention intervention for incarcerated women: A randomized controlled trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fogel, C.I.
Author-Name: Crandell, J.L.
Author-Name: Neevel, A.M.
Author-Name: Parker, S.D.
Author-Name: Carry, M.
Author-Name: White, B.L.
Author-Name: Fasula, A.M.
Author-Name: Herbst, J.H.
Author-Name: Gelaude, D.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 802-809
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302105
Abstract: Objectives. We tested the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based HIV-sexually transmitted infection (STI) behavioral intervention (Providing Opportunities for Women's Empowerment, Risk-Reduction, and Relationships, or POWER) among incarcerated women. Methods. We conducted a randomized trial with 521 women aged 18 to 60 years in 2 correctional facilities in North Carolina in 2010 and 2011. Intervention participants attended 8 POWER sessions; control participants received a single standard-of-care STI prevention session. We followed up at 3 and 6 months after release. We examined intervention efficacy with mixed-effects models. Results. POWER participants reported fewer male sexual partners than did control participants at 3 months, although this finding did not reach statistical significance; at 6 months they reported significantly less vaginal intercourse without a condom outside of a monogamous relationship and more condom use with a main male partner. POWER participants also reported significantly fewer condom barriers, and greater HIV knowledge, health-protective communication, and tangible social support. The intervention had no significant effects on incident STIs. Conclusions. POWER is a behavioral intervention with potential to reduce risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and STIs among incarcerated women returning to their communities. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  attitude to health;  controlled study;  counseling;  female;  health education;  HIV Infections;  human;  middle aged;  North Carolina;  organization and management;  prisoner;  randomized controlled trial;  sexual behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  social support;  socioeconomics;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Counseling;  Female;  Health Education;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  North Carolina;  Prisoners;  Sexual Behavior;  Sexually Transmitted Diseases;  Social Support;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302105_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enhancing diversity in the public health research workforce: The Research and Mentorship Program for future HIV vaccine scientists
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sopher, C.J.
Author-Name: Adamson, B.J.S.
Author-Name: Andrasik, M.P.
Author-Name: Flood, D.M.
Author-Name: Wakefield, S.F.
Author-Name: Stoff, D.M.
Author-Name: Cook, R.S.
Author-Name: Kublin, J.G.
Author-Name: Fuchs, J.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 823-830
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302076
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302076
Abstract: Objectives. We developed and evaluated a novel National Institutes of Health - sponsored Research and Mentorship Program for African American and Hispanic medical students embedded within the international, multisite HIV Vaccine Trials Network, and explored its impact on scientific knowledge, acquired skills, and future career plans. Methods. Scholars conducted social, behavioral, clinical, or laboratory-based research projects with HIV Vaccine Trials Network investigators over 8 to 16 weeks (track 1) or 9 to 12 months (track 2). We conducted an in-depth, mixed-methods evaluation of the first 2 cohorts (2011-2013) to identify program strengths, areas for improvement, and influence on professional development. Results. A pre-post program assessment demonstrated increases in self-reported knowledge, professional skills, and interest in future HIV vaccine research. During in-depth interviews, scholars reported that a supportive, centrally administered program; available funding; and highly involved mentors and staff were keys to the program's early success. Conclusions. A multicomponent, mentored research experience that engages medical students from underrepresented communities and is organized within a clinical trials network may expand the pool of diverse public health scientists. Efforts to sustain scholar interest over time and track career trajectories are warranted. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine, adult;  African American;  cultural diversity;  decision making;  female;  Hispanic;  human;  male;  medical research;  organization and management;  public health;  teacher;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  AIDS Vaccines;  Biomedical Research;  Career Choice;  Cultural Diversity;  Female;  Hispanic Americans;  Humans;  Male;  Mentors;  Public Health;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302076_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Workplace bullying and suicidal ideation: A 3-wave longitudinal Norwegian study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nielsen, M.B.
Author-Name: Nielsen, G.H.
Author-Name: Notelaers, G.
Author-Name: Einarsen, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e23-e28
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302855
Abstract: Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying. Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005-2010), we used well-established singleitem measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time points with 2 or 3 years between the measurement points among a randomized nationwide sample of 1846 employees in Norway. Results. Victimization from bullying was associated with subsequent suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 2.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 3.89). Suicidal ideation at baseline was not related to subsequent victimization from workplace bullying. Conclusions. Workplace bullying may be a precursor to suicidal ideation, whereas suicidal ideation seems to have no impact on subsequent risk of being bullied. Regulations against bullying should be integrated into work-related legislation and public health policies.
Keywords: adult;  bullying;  crime victim;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  longitudinal study;  male;  middle aged;  Norway;  odds ratio;  prevalence;  probability;  psychology;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  suicidal ideation;  time;  workplace, Adult;  Bullying;  Crime Victims;  Female;  Humans;  Longitudinal Studies;  Male;  Markov Chains;  Middle Aged;  Norway;  Odds Ratio;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Suicidal Ideation;  Time Factors;  Workplace
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302855_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Allostatic load in foreign-born and US-born blacks: Evidence from the 2001-2010 national health and nutrition examination survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Doamekpor, L.A.
Author-Name: Dinwiddie, G.Y.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 591-597
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302285
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302285
Abstract: Objectives. We tested whether the immigrant health advantage applies to non-Hispanic Black immigrants and examined whether nativity-based differences in allostatic load exist among non-Hispanic Blacks.
Keywords: biological marker, adult;  Africa;  African American;  age distribution;  allostasis;  Black person;  Caribbean;  cultural factor;  educational status;  epidemiology;  ethnology;  family size;  female;  health disparity;  human;  male;  migrant;  nutrition;  physiology;  smoking;  socioeconomics;  statistical model;  statistics and numerical data;  time;  United States, Acculturation;  Adult;  Africa;  African Americans;  African Continental Ancestry Group;  Age Distribution;  Allostasis;  Biological Markers;  Caribbean Region;  Educational Status;  Emigrants and Immigrants;  Family Characteristics;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Nutrition Surveys;  Smoking;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Time Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302285_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cigarette smoking, desire to quit, and tobacco-related counseling among patients at adult health centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lebrun-Harris, L.A.
Author-Name: Fiore, M.C.
Author-Name: Tomoyasu, N.
Author-Name: Ngo-Metzger, Q.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 180-188
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301691
Abstract: Objectives: We determined cigarette smoking prevalence, desire to quit, and tobacco-related counseling among a national sample of patients at health centers. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. The analytic sample included 3949 adult patients at health centers and 27 731 US adults. Results: Thirty-one percent of health center patients were current smokers, compared with 21% of US adults in general. Among currently smoking health center patients, 83% desired to quit and 68% received tobacco counseling. In multivariable models, patients had higher adjusted odds of wanting to quit if they had indications of severe mental illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19, 8.97) and lower odds if they had health insurance (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.86). Patients had higher odds of receiving counseling if they had 2 or more chronic conditions (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.78) and lower odds if they were Hispanic (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.96). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking prevalence is substantially higher among patients at health centers than US adults in general. However, most smokers at health centers desire to quit. Continued efforts are warranted to reduce tobacco use in this vulnerable group.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301691_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The role of socioeconomic factors in Black-White disparities in preterm birth
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Braveman, P.A.
Author-Name: Heck, K.
Author-Name: Egerter, S.
Author-Name: Marchi, K.S.
Author-Name: Dominguez, T.P.
Author-Name: Cubbin, C.
Author-Name: Fingar, K.
Author-Name: Pearson, J.A.
Author-Name: Curtis, M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 4
Pages: 694-702
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302008
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302008
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the role of socioeconomic factors in Black-White disparities in preterm birth (PTB). Methods. We used the population-based California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment survey and birth certificate data on 10 400 US-born Black and White California residents who gave birth during 2003 to 2010 to examine rates and relative likelihoods of PTB among Black versus White women, with adjustment for multiple socioeconomic factors and covariables. Results. Greater socioeconomic advantage was generally associated with lower PTB rates among White but not Black women. There were no significant Black-White disparities within the most socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups; Black-White disparities were seen only within more advantaged subgroups. Conclusions. Socioeconomic factors play an important but complex role in PTB disparities. The absence of Black-White disparities in PTB within certain socioeconomic subgroups, alongside substantial disparities within others, suggests that social factors moderate the disparity. Further research should explore social factors suggested by the literature-including life course socioeconomic experiences and racism-related stress, and the biological pathways through which they operate-as potential contributors to PTB among Black and White women with different levels of social advantage. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  African American;  Caucasian;  demography;  ethnology;  health behavior;  health disparity;  health status;  human;  prematurity;  social support;  socioeconomics;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  African Americans;  California;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Health Behavior;  Health Status;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Premature Birth;  Residence Characteristics;  Social Support;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302008_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Finding the perfect doctor: Identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-competent physicians
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Khalili, J.
Author-Name: Leung, L.B.
Author-Name: Diamant, A.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1114-1119
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302448
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the existence of procedures and policies for identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)-competent physicians at US academic faculty practices, and sought to identify physician training programs that enhance LGBT competency. Methods. We invited all 138 Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited US academic faculty practices to participate in a survey in 2012. We systematically assessed their procedures and policies to identify LGBT-competent physicians and their LGBT-competency training. We also assessed geographic region, funding source, and an LGBT health center in the same state. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. The response rate was 50%. Few participants had existing procedures (9%) or policies (4%) to identify LGBT-competent physicians. Procedures included online directories with self-identified LGBT-competent physicians available to the public. Sixteen percent of participants reported having comprehensive LGBT-competency training, and 52% reported having no training. Of note, 80% of participants indicated interest to do more to address these issues. Conclusions. There exist both need and interest for US academic faculty practices to develop procedures, policies, and programs that improve access to LGBT-competent physicians and to train physicians to become LGBT-competent. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: bisexuality;  clinical competence;  female;  health care disparity;  health service;  human;  interview;  lesbianism;  male;  male homosexuality;  physician;  questionnaire;  standards;  transgender;  United States, Bisexuality;  Clinical Competence;  Female;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Healthcare Disparities;  Homosexuality, Female;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Male;  Physicians;  Questionnaires;  Transgendered Persons;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302448_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health awareness days: Sufficient evidence to support the craze?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Purtle, J.
Author-Name: Roman, L.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1061-1065
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302621
Abstract: Health awareness initiatives are a ubiquitous intervention strategy. Nearly 200 health awareness days, weeks, and months are on the US National Health Observances calendar, and more than 145 awareness day bills have been introduced in Congress since 2005. We contend that health awareness days are not held to appropriate scrutiny given the scale at which they have been embraced and are misaligned with research on the social determinants of health and the tenets of ecological models of health promotion. We examined health awareness days from a critical public health perspective and offer empirically supported recommendations to advance the intervention strategy. If left unchecked, health awareness days may do little more than reinforce ideologies of individual responsibility and the false notion that adverse health outcomes are simply the product of misinformed behaviors. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: awareness;  health education;  health promotion;  human;  organization and management;  public health;  public opinion;  United States, Awareness;  Health Education;  Health Promotion;  Humans;  Public Health;  Public Opinion;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302621_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Drawing the curtain back on injured commercial bicyclists
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Heyer, J.H.
Author-Name: Sethi, M.
Author-Name: Wall, S.P.
Author-Name: Ayoung-Chee, P.
Author-Name: Slaughter, D.
Author-Name: Jacko, S.
Author-Name: DiMaggio, C.J.
Author-Name: Frangos, S.G.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2131-2136
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302738
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the demographic characteristics, behaviors, injuries, and outcomes of commercial bicyclists who were injured while navigating New York City's (NYC's) central business district. Methods. Our study involved a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from a level 1 regional trauma center in 2008 to 2014 of bicyclists struck by motor vehicles. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 819 injured bicyclists, 284 (34.7%) were working. Commercial bicyclists included 24.4% to 45.1% of injured bicyclists annually. Injured commercial bicyclists were more likely Latino (56.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 50.7, 62.8 vs 22.7%; 95% CI = 19.2, 26.5). Commercial bicyclists were less likely to be distracted by electronic devices (5.0%; 95% CI = 2.7, 8.2 vs 12.7%; 95% CI = 9.9, 15.9) or to have consumed alcohol (0.7%; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.5 vs 9.5%; 95% CI = 7.2, 12.3). Commercial and noncommercial bicyclists did not differ in helmet use (38.4%; 95% CI = 32.7, 44.4 vs 30.8%; 95% CI = 26.9, 34.9). Injury severity scores were less severe in commercial bicyclists (odds ratio = 0.412; 95% CI = 0.235, 0.723). Conclusions. Commercial bicyclists represent a unique cohort of vulnerable roadway users. In NYC, minorities, especially Latinos, should be targeted for safety education programs.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  cycling;  emergency health service;  epidemiology;  female;  helmet;  human;  injuries;  injury scale;  male;  middle aged;  motor vehicle;  occupational accident;  prospective study;  protective clothing;  risk factor;  statistics and numerical data;  traffic accident;  United States;  utilization, Accidents, Occupational;  Accidents, Traffic;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Bicycling;  Female;  Head Protective Devices;  Humans;  Injury Severity Score;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Motor Vehicles;  New York City;  Prospective Studies;  Protective Clothing;  Risk Factors;  Trauma Centers
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302738_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Misinterpretation of snap participation, diet, and weight in low-income adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leung, C.W.
Author-Name: Rimm, E.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302823
Keywords: diet;  female;  food assistance;  human;  male;  obesity;  standards;  statistics and numerical data, Diet;  Female;  Food Assistance;  Humans;  Male;  Obesity
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302823_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of regulatory interventions to reduce intake of artificial trans-fatty acids: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hendry, V.L.
Author-Name: Almíron-Roig, E.
Author-Name: Monsivais, P.
Author-Name: Jebb, S.A.
Author-Name: Neelon, S.E.B.
Author-Name: Griffin, S.J.
Author-Name: Ogilvie, D.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: e32-e42
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302372
Abstract: We examined the impact of regulatory action to reduce levels of artificial trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in food.
Keywords: fat intake;  food additive;  trans fatty acid, bibliographic database;  classification;  fat intake;  food packaging;  government regulation;  health;  human;  law;  legislation and jurisprudence;  standards, Databases, Bibliographic;  Dietary Fats;  Food Additives;  Food Labeling;  Global Health;  Government Regulation;  Humans;  Legislation, Food;  Trans Fatty Acids
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302372_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Important considerations for addressing LGBT health care competency
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jann, J.T.
Author-Name: Edmiston, E.K.
Author-Name: Ehrenfeld, J.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302864
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302864
Keywords: bisexuality;  clinical competence;  female;  health service;  human;  lesbianism;  male;  male homosexuality;  physician;  standards;  transgender, Bisexuality;  Clinical Competence;  Female;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Homosexuality, Female;  Homosexuality, Male;  Humans;  Male;  Physicians;  Transgender Persons
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302864_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A comprehensive approach to address the prescription opioid epidemic in Washington state: Milestones and lessons learned
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Franklin, G.
Author-Name: Sabel, J.
Author-Name: Jones, C.M.
Author-Name: Mai, J.
Author-Name: Baumgartner, C.
Author-Name: Banta-Green, C.J.
Author-Name: Neven, D.
Author-Name: Tauben, D.J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 463-469
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302367
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302367
Abstract: An epidemic of morbidity and mortality has swept across the United States related tothe use of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain. More than 100 000 people have died from unintentional overdose, making this one of the worst manmade epidemics in history.
Keywords: narcotic analgesic agent, analgesia;  chronic pain;  drug overdose;  drug use;  epidemiology;  human;  legislation and jurisprudence;  medicaid;  mortality;  practice guideline;  Prescription Drug Misuse;  procedures;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  trends;  United States, Analgesics, Opioid;  Chronic Pain;  Drug Overdose;  Drug Utilization Review;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Pain Management;  Practice Guidelines as Topic;  Prescription Drug Misuse;  United States;  Washington
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302367_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "We'll get to you when we get to you": Exploring potential contributions of health care staff behaviors to patient perceptions of discrimination and satisfaction
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tajeu, G.S.
Author-Name: Cherrington, A.L.
Author-Name: Andreae, L.
Author-Name: Prince, C.
Author-Name: Holt, C.L.
Author-Name: Halanych, J.H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 10
Pages: 2076-2082
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302721
Abstract: Objectives. We qualitatively assessed patients' perceptions of discrimination and patient satisfaction in the health care setting specific to interactions with nonphysician health care staff. Methods. We conducted 12 focus-group interviews with African American and European American participants, stratified by race and gender, from June to November 2008. We used a topic guide to facilitate discussion and identify factors contributing to perceived discrimination and analyzed transcripts for relevant themes using a codebook. Results. We enrolled 92 participants: 55 African Americans and 37 European Americans, all of whom reported perceived discrimination and lower patient satisfaction as a result of interactions with nonphysician health care staff. Perceived discrimination was associated with 2 main characteristics: insurance or socioeconomic status and race. Both verbal and nonverbal communication style on the part of nonphysician health care staff were related to individuals' perceptions of how they were treated. Conclusions. The behaviors of nonphysician health care staff in the clinical setting can potentially contribute to patients' perceptions of discrimination and lowered patient satisfaction. Future interventions to reduce health care discrimination should include a focus on staff cultural competence and customer service skills.
Keywords: African American;  Caucasian;  female;  human;  human relation;  information processing;  male;  middle aged;  paramedical personnel;  patient satisfaction;  prejudice;  psychology;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, African Americans;  Alabama;  Allied Health Personnel;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Focus Groups;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Patient Satisfaction;  Prejudice;  Professional-Patient Relations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302721_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Neighborhood disadvantage, preconception stressful life events, and infant birth weight
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Witt, W.P.
Author-Name: Park, H.
Author-Name: Wisk, L.E.
Author-Name: Cheng, E.R.
Author-Name: Mandell, K.
Author-Name: Chatterjee, D.
Author-Name: Zarak, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 5
Pages: 1044-1052
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302566
Abstract: Objectives: We sought to determine whether the effects of preconception stressful life events (PSLEs) on birth weight differed by neighborhood disadvantage. Methods: We drew our data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (2001-2002; n= 9300). We created a neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) using county-level data from the 2000 US Census. We grouped the NDI into tertiles that represented advantaged, middle advantaged, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Stratified multinomial logistic regressions estimated the effect of PSLEs on birth weight, controlling for confounders. Results: We found a gradient in the relationship between women's exposure to PSLEs and having a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant by NDI tertile; the association was strongest in disadvantaged neighborhoods (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]=1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04, 2.53), followed by middle (AOR=1.39; 95% CI=1.00, 1.93) and advantaged (AOR=1.29; 95% CI= 0.91, 1.82) neighborhoods. We observed a similar gradient for women with chronic conditions and among minority mothers. Conclusions.: Women who experienced PSLEs, who had chronic conditions, or were racial/ethnic minorities had the greatest risk of having VLBW infants if they lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods; this suggests exacerbation of risk within disadvantaged environments. Interventions to reduce rates of VLBW should focus on reducing the deleterious effects of stressors and on improving neighborhood conditions.
Keywords: chronic disease;  demography;  epidemiology;  health behavior;  human;  life event;  longitudinal study;  mental stress;  poverty;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  very low birth weight, Chronic Disease;  Health Behavior;  Humans;  Infant, Very Low Birth Weight;  Life Change Events;  Longitudinal Studies;  Poverty;  Residence Characteristics;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Stress, Psychological
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302566_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Integrating health care for the most vulnerable: Bridging the differences in organizational cultures between US hospitals and community health centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ko, M.
Author-Name: Murphy, J.
Author-Name: Bindman, A.B.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S676-S679
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302931
Abstract: Policymakers have increasingly promoted health services integration to improvequality andefficiency. The US health care safety net, which comprises providers of health care to uninsured,Medicaid,andother vulnerable patients, remains a largely fragmented collection of providers. We interviewed leadership from safety net hospitals and community health centers in 5 US cities (Boston, MA; Denver, CO; Los Angeles, CA; Minneapolis, MN; and San Francisco, CA) throughout 2013 on their experiences with service integration. We identify conflicts in organizational mission, identity, and consumer orientation that have fostered reluctance to enter into collaborative arrangements. We describe how smaller scale initiatives, such as capitated model for targeted populations, health information exchange, and quality improvements led by health plans, can help bridge cultural differences to lay the groundwork for developing integrated care programs.
Keywords: health care delivery;  health center;  hospital management;  human;  medicaid;  medically uninsured;  organization;  organization and management;  safety net hospital;  system analysis;  United States;  vulnerable population, Community Health Centers;  Health Services Accessibility;  Hospital Administration;  Humans;  Medicaid;  Medically Uninsured;  Organizational Culture;  Safety-net Providers;  Systems Integration;  United States;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302931_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Missed opportunity to prevent tuberculosis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shin, S.S.
Author-Name: Hsu, T.
Author-Name: Chavez, E.
Author-Name: Chang, A.H.
Author-Name: Kerndt, P.R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302895
Keywords: female;  human;  latent tuberculosis;  male;  mass screening;  migrant;  procedures;  statistics and numerical data;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Emigrants and Immigrants;  Female;  Humans;  Latent Tuberculosis;  Male;  Mass Screening;  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302895_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Montez and Zajacova respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Montez, J.K.
Author-Name: Zajacova, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302339
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302339
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302339_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual orientation and risk
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Albrecht, H.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302801
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302801
Keywords: adolescent pregnancy;  female;  human;  male;  pregnancy;  sexual behavior;  statistics and numerical data, Female;  Humans;  Male;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy in Adolescence;  Sexual Behavior
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302801_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The relationship of fetal and infant mortality to residential segregation: An inquiry into social epidemiology
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yankauer, A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 278-281
Keywords: African American;  Caucasian;  epidemiology;  fetus mortality;  health disparity;  history;  human;  infant;  infant mortality;  racism;  United States, African Americans;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Fetal Mortality;  Health Status Disparities;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Infant;  Infant Mortality;  New York City;  Racism
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2015:105:2:278-281_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evolving challenges and research-needs concerning Ebola
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Klitzman, R.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 8
Pages: 1513-1515
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302757
Keywords: antivirus agent;  Ebola vaccine, health service;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  human;  medical research, Antiviral Agents;  Biomedical Research;  Ebola Vaccines;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola;  Humans
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302757_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A qualitative content analysis of cigarette health warning labels in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Haines-Saah, R.J.
Author-Name: Bell, K.
Author-Name: Dennis, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e61-e69
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302362
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302362
Abstract: The legislation of health warning labels on cigarette packaging is a major focus for tobacco control internationally and is a key component of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This population level intervention is broadly supported as a vital measure for warning people about the health consequences of smoking. However, some components of this approach warrant close critical inspection. Through a qualitative content analysis of the imagery used on health warning labels from 4 countries, we consider how this imagery depicts people that smoke. By critically analyzing this aspect of the visual culture of tobacco control, we argue that this imagery has the potential for unintended consequences, and obscures the social and embodied contexts in which smoking is experienced.
Keywords: adverse effects;  Australia;  Canada;  human;  packaging;  prevention and control;  procedures;  smoking;  standards;  tobacco;  United Kingdom;  United States, Australia;  Canada;  Great Britain;  Humans;  Product Labeling;  Smoking;  Tobacco Products;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302362_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Redesigning primary care to tackle the global epidemic of noncommunicable disease
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kruk, M.E.
Author-Name: Nigenda, G.
Author-Name: Knaul, F.M.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 431-437
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302392
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302392
Abstract: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. Nearly 80% of the deaths in 2010 occurred in low-andmiddle-income countries, which have experienced rapid population aging, urbanization, rise in smoking, and changes in diet and activity.
Keywords: analgesia;  chronic disease;  comorbidity;  cultural factor;  developing country;  economics;  general practice;  health auxiliary;  human;  integrated health care system;  mass screening;  patient care;  primary health care;  procedures;  quality of life;  risk factor;  standards;  statistics and numerical data;  telemedicine;  trends, Chronic Disease;  Community Health Workers;  Comorbidity;  Cross-Cultural Comparison;  Delivery of Health Care, Integrated;  Developing Countries;  Family Practice;  Humans;  Mass Screening;  Pain Management;  Patient Care Team;  Primary Health Care;  Quality of Life;  Risk Factors;  Telemedicine
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302392_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Service learning: A vehicle for building health equity and eliminating health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sabo, S.
Author-Name: De Zapien, J.
Author-Name: Teufel-Shone, N.
Author-Name: Rosales, C.
Author-Name: Bergsma, L.
Author-Name: Taren, D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 
Pages: S38-S43
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302364
Abstract: Service learning (SL) is a form of community-centered experiential education that placesemerginghealthprofessionals in communitygenerated service projects and provides structured opportunities for reflection on thebroadersocial,economic, and political contexts of health. We describe the elements and impact of five distinct week-long intensive SL courses focused on the context of urban, rural, border,and indigenous health contexts. Students involved in these SL courses demonstrated a commitment to community-engaged scholarship and practice in both their student and professional lives. SL is directly in line with the core public health value of social justice and serves as a venue to strengthen community-campus partnerships in addressing health disparities through sustained collaboration and actioninvulnerable communities.
Keywords: academic achievement;  adult;  female;  health;  health care disparity;  hospital;  human;  male;  medical education;  organization and management;  poverty;  problem based learning;  program development;  school;  social justice;  United States;  young adult, Adult;  Arizona;  Education, Graduate;  Education, Public Health Professional;  Female;  Healthcare Disparities;  Hospitals, Rural;  Humans;  Male;  Poverty Areas;  Problem-Based Learning;  Program Development;  Schools, Public Health;  Social Justice;  Urban Health;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302364_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Financial incentives for abstinence among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in smoking cessation treatment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kendzor, D.E.
Author-Name: Businelle, M.S.
Author-Name: Poonawalla, I.B.
Author-Name: Cuate, E.L.
Author-Name: Kesh, A.
Author-Name: Rios, D.M.
Author-Name: Ma, P.
Author-Name: Balis, D.S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1198-1205
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302102
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302102
Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of offering adjunctive financial incentives for abstinence (contingency management [CM]) within a safety net hospital smoking cessation program. Methods. We randomized participants (n = 146) from a Dallas County, Texas, Tobacco Cessation Clinic from 2011 to 2013 to usual care (UC; cessation program; n = 71) or CM (UC + 4 weeks of financial incentives; n = 75), and followed from 1 week before the quit date through 4 weeks after the quit date. A subset (n = 128) was asked to attend a visit 12 weeks after the scheduled quit date. Results. Participants were primarily Black (62.3%) or White (28.1%) and female (57.5%). Most participants were uninsured (52.1%) and had an annual household income of less than $12 000 (55.5%). Abstinence rates were significantly higher for those assigned to CM than UC at all visits following the quit date (all Ps <.05). Point prevalence abstinence rates in the CM and UC groups were 49.3% versus 25.4% at 4 weeks after the quit date and 32.8% versus 14.1% at 12 weeks after the quit date. CM participants earned an average of $63.40 ($150 possible) for abstinence during the first 4 weeks after the scheduled quit date. Conclusions. Offering small financial incentives for abstinence might be an effective means to improve abstinence rates among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals participating in smoking cessation treatment. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: controlled study;  demography;  economics;  female;  health literacy;  human;  male;  middle aged;  randomized controlled trial;  reinforcement;  smoking cessation;  socioeconomics;  treatment outcome;  United States, Demography;  Female;  Health Literacy;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Smoking Cessation;  Socioeconomic Factors;  Texas;  Token Economy;  Treatment Outcome
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302102_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Understanding trends in pertussis incidence: An agent-based model approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sanstead, E.
Author-Name: Kenyon, C.
Author-Name: Rowley, S.
Author-Name: Enns, E.
Author-Name: Miller, C.
Author-Name: Ehresmann, K.
Author-Name: Kulasingam, S.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e42-e47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302794
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the impact of undetected infections, adult immunity, and waning vaccine-acquired immunity on recent age-related trends in pertussis incidence. Methods. We developed an agent-based model of pertussis transmission in Dakota County, Minnesota using case data from the Minnesota Department of Health. For outbreaks in 2004, 2008, and 2012, we fit our model to incidence in 3 children's age groups relative to adult incidence. We estimated parameters through model calibration. Results. The duration of vaccine-acquired immunity after completion of the 5-dose vaccination series decreased from 6.6 years in the 2004 model to approximately 3.0 years in the 2008 and 2012 models. Tdap waned after 2.1 years in the 2012 model. A greater percentage of adults were immune in the 2008 model than in the 2004 and 2012 models. On average, only 1 in 10 adult infections was detected, whereas 8 in 10 child infections were detected. Conclusions. The observed trends in relative pertussis incidence in Dakota County can be attributed in part to fluctuations in adult immunity and waning vaccine-acquired immunity. No single factor accounts for current pertussis trends.
Keywords: diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine, age;  child;  epidemic;  human;  immunology;  incidence;  infant;  preschool child;  United States;  Whooping Cough;  young adult, Age Factors;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines;  Disease Outbreaks;  Humans;  Incidence;  Infant;  Minnesota;  Whooping Cough;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302794_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Age at menarche: 50-year socioeconomic trends among US-born black and white women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Author-Name: Kiang, M.V.
Author-Name: Kosheleva, A.
Author-Name: Waterman, P.D.
Author-Name: Chen, J.T.
Author-Name: Beckfield, J.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: 388-397
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301936
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301936
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated 50-year US trends in age at menarche by socioeconomic position (SEP) and race/ethnicity because data are scant and contradictory. Methods. We analyzed data by income and education for US-born non- Hispanic Black and White women aged 25 to 74 years in the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) I (1959-1962), National Health Examination and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) I-III (1971-1994), and NHANES 1999-2008. Results. In NHES I, average age at menarche among White women in the 20th (lowest) versus 80th (highest) income percentiles was 0.26 years higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.09, 0.61), but by NHANES 2005-2008 it had reversed and was -0.33 years lower (95% CI = -0.54, -0.11); no socioeconomic gradients occurred among Black women. The proportion with onset at younger than 11 years increased only among women with low SEP, among Blacks and Whites (P for trend < .05), and high rates of change occurred solely among Black women (all SEP strata) and low-income White women who underwent menarche before 1960. Conclusions. Trends in US age at menarche vary by SEP and race/ethnicity in ways that pose challenges to several leading clinical, public health, and social explanations for early age at menarche and that underscore why analyses must jointly include data on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Future research is needed to explain these trends.
Keywords: adult;  African American;  age;  aged;  Caucasian;  educational status;  epidemiology;  female;  human;  income;  menarche;  middle aged;  nutrition;  socioeconomics;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Adult;  African Americans;  Age Factors;  Aged;  Educational Status;  European Continental Ancestry Group;  Female;  Humans;  Income;  Menarche;  Middle Aged;  Nutrition Surveys;  Socioeconomic Factors;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301936_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: News media framing of New York City's sugar-sweetened beverage portion-size cap
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Donaldson, E.A.
Author-Name: Cohen, J.E.
Author-Name: Truant, P.L.
Author-Name: Rutkow, L.
Author-Name: Kanarek, N.F.
Author-Name: Barry, C.L.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 11
Pages: 2202-2209
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302673
Abstract: Objectives. We assessed news media framing of New York City's proposed regulation to prohibit the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages greater than 16 ounces. Methods. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of print and television news from within and outside New York City media markets. We examined support for and opposition to the portion-size cap in the news coverage from its May 31, 2012, proposal through the appellate court ruling on July 31, 2013. Results. News coverage corresponded to key events in the policy's evolution. Although most stories mentioned obesity as a problem, a larger proportion used opposing frames (84%) than pro-policy frames (36%). Mention of pro-policy frames shifted toward the policy's effect on special populations. The debate's most prominent frame was the opposing frame that the policy was beyond the government's role (69%). Conclusions. News coverage within and outside the New York City media market was more likely to mention arguments in opposition to than in support of the portion-size cap. Understanding how the news media framed this issue provides important insights for advocates interested in advancing similar measures in other jurisdictions.
Keywords: sugar intake, beverage;  health care policy;  human;  New York;  obesity;  portion size;  publication;  statistics and numerical data;  sugar intake;  television, Beverages;  Dietary Sucrose;  Health Policy;  Humans;  New York City;  Newspapers as Topic;  Obesity;  Portion Size;  Television
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302673_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in reportable communicable disease incidence by census tract-level poverty, New York City, 2006-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greene, S.K.
Author-Name: Levin-Rector, A.
Author-Name: Hadler, J.L.
Author-Name: Fine, A.D.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 9
Pages: e27-e34
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302741
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302741
Abstract: Objectives. We described disparities in selected communicable disease incidence across area-based poverty levels in New York City, an area with more than 8 million residents and pronounced household income inequality. Methods. We geocoded and categorized cases of 53 communicable diseases diagnosed during 2006 to 2013 by census tract-based poverty level. Age-standardized incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for areas with 30% or more versus fewer than 10% of residents below the federal poverty threshold. Results. Diseases associated with high poverty included rickettsialpox (IRR = 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.29, 5.95), chronic hepatitis C (IRR for new reports = 3.58; 95% CI = 3.50, 3.66), and malaria (IRR = 3.48; 95% CI = 2.97, 4.08). Diseases associated with low poverty included domestic tick-borne diseases acquired through travel to areas where infected vectors are prevalent, such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (IRR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.19) and Lyme disease (IRR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.36). Conclusions. Residents of high poverty areas were disproportionately affected by certain communicable diseases that are amenable to public health interventions. Future work should clarify subgroups at highest risk, identify reasons for the observed associations, and use findings to support programs to minimize disparities.
Keywords: adolescent;  adult;  aged;  child;  cluster analysis;  Communicable Diseases;  female;  health disparity;  human;  incidence;  male;  middle aged;  poverty;  preschool child;  United States;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Communicable Diseases;  Female;  Health Status Disparities;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  New York City;  Poverty Areas;  Small-Area Analysis;  Young Adult
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302741_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Data collection and harmonization in HIV research: The seek, test, treat, and retain initiative at the national institute on drug abuse
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chandler, R.K.
Author-Name: Kahana, S.Y.
Author-Name: Fletcher, B.
Author-Name: Jones, D.
Author-Name: Finger, M.S.
Author-Name: Aklin, W.M.
Author-Name: Hamill, K.
Author-Name: Webb, C.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 12
Pages: 2416-2422
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302788
Abstract: Large-scale, multisite data sets offer the potential for exploring the public health benefits of biomedical interventions. Dataharmonization is an emerging strategy to increase the comparability of research data collected across independent studies, enabling research questions to be addressed beyond the capacity of any individual study. The National Institute on Drug Abuse recently implemented this novel strategy to prospectively collect and harmonize data across 22 independent research studies developing and empirically testing interventions to effectively deliver an HIV continuum of care to diverse drug-abusing populations. We describe this data collection and harmonization effort, collectively known as the Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Data Collection and Harmonization Initiative, which can serve as a model applicable to other research endeavors.
Keywords: anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, complication;  criminal law;  drug dependence;  female;  HIV Infections;  human;  information processing;  male;  medical research;  multicenter study (topic);  national health organization;  nonbiological model;  organization and management;  patient care;  procedures;  prospective study;  standards;  United States;  vulnerable population, Anti-HIV Agents;  Biomedical Research;  Continuity of Patient Care;  Criminal Law;  Data Collection;  Female;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Male;  Models, Organizational;  Multicenter Studies as Topic;  National Institute on Drug Abuse (U.S.);  Prospective Studies;  Substance-Related Disorders;  United States;  Vulnerable Populations
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302788_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prescription drug insurance coverage and patient health outcomes: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kesselheim, A.S.
Author-Name: Huybrechts, K.F.
Author-Name: Choudhry, N.K.
Author-Name: Fulchino, L.A.
Author-Name: Isaman, D.L.
Author-Name: Kowal, M.K.
Author-Name: Brennan, T.A.
Year: 2015
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Pages: e17-e30
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302240
Abstract: Previous reviews have shown that changes in prescription drug insurance benefits can affect medication use and adherence. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies addressing the association between prescription drug coverage and health outcomes. Studies were included if they collected empirical data on expansions or restrictions of prescription drug coverage and if they reported clinical outcomes. We found 23 studies demonstrating that broader prescription drug insurance reduces use of other health care services and has a positive impact on patient outcomes. Coverage gaps or caps on drug insurance generally led to worse outcomes. States should consider implementing the Affordable Care Act expansions in drug coverage to improve the health of low-income patients receiving state-based health insurance.
Keywords: prescription drug, economics;  health care policy;  health insurance;  human;  insurance;  outcome assessment;  statistics and numerical data;  United States, Humans;  Insurance Coverage;  Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services;  Patient Outcome Assessment;  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;  Prescription Drugs;  United States
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302240_0