Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health in All Social Work Programs: Findings From a US National Analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ruth, B.J.
Author-Name: Wachman, M.K.
Author-Name: Marshall, J.W.
Author-Name: Backman, A.R.
Author-Name: Harrington, C.B.
Author-Name: Schultz, N.S.
Author-Name: Ouimet, K.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S267-S273
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a baseline of health content in 4 domains of US social work education-baccalaureate, master's, doctoral, and continuing education programs-and to introduce the Social Work Health Impact Model, illustrating social work's multifaceted health services, from clinical to wide-lens population health approaches.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Integrating HIV surveillance and field services: Data quality and care continuum in King County, Washington, 2010–2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hood, J.E.
Author-Name: Katz, D.A.
Author-Name: Bennett, A.B.
Author-Name: Buskin, S.E.
Author-Name: Dombrowski, J.C.
Author-Name: Hawes, S.E.
Author-Name: Golden, M.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1938-1943
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069
Abstract: Objectives. To assess how integration of HIV surveillance and field services might influence surveillance data and linkage to care metrics. Methods. We used HIV surveillance and field services data from King County, Washington, to assess potential impact of misclassification of prior diagnoses on numbers of new diagnoses. The relationship between partner services and linkage to care was evaluated with multivariable log-binomial regression models. Results. Of the 2842 people who entered the King County HIV Surveillance System in 2010 to 2015, 52% were newly diagnosed, 41% had a confirmed prior diagnosis in another state, and 7% had an unconfirmed prior diagnosis. Twelve percent of those classified as newly diagnosed for purposes of national HIV surveillance self-reported a prior HIV diagnosis that was unconfirmed. Partner services recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to link to care within 30 days (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.18) and 90 days (adjusted RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) of diagnosis. Conclusions. Integration of HIV surveillance, partner services, and care linkage efforts may improve the accuracy of HIV surveillance data and facilitate timely linkage to care.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The cumulative probability of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McCauley, E.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1977-1981
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the cumulative probability (c) of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender. Methods. I estimated cumulative probabilities through birth cohort life tables with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997. Results. Estimates demonstrated that those with disabilities have a higher cumulative probability of arrest (c = 42.65) than those without (c = 29.68). The risk was disproportionately spread across races/ethnicities, with Blacks with disabilities experiencing the highest cumulative probability of arrest (c = 55.17) and Whites without disabilities experiencing the lowest (c = 27.55). Racial/ethnic differences existed by gender as well. There was a similar distribution of disability types across race/ethnicity, suggesting that the racial/ethnic differences in arrest may stem from racial/ethnic inequalities as opposed to differential distribution of disability types. Conclusions. The experience of arrest for those with disabilities was higher than expected. Police officers should understand how disabilities may affect compliance and other behaviors, and likewise how implicit bias and structural racism may affect reactions and actions of officers and the systems they work within in ways that create inequities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Shade sails and passive recreation in public parks of Melbourne and Denver: A randomized intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buller, D.B.
Author-Name: English, D.R.
Author-Name: Buller, M.K.
Author-Name: Simmons, J.
Author-Name: Chamberlain, J.A.
Author-Name: Wakefield, M.
Author-Name: Dobbinson, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1869-1875
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071
Abstract: Objectives. To test whether shade sails will increase the use of passive recreation areas (PRAs). Methods. We conducted a stratified randomized pretest–posttest controlled design study in Melbourne, Australia, and Denver, Colorado, in 2010 to 2014. We randomized a sample of 144 public parks with 2 PRAs in full sun in a 1:3 ratio to treatment or control. Shade sails were built at 1 PRA per treatment park. The outcome was any use of the study PRA (n = 576 pretest and n = 576 posttest observations; 100% follow-up). Results. Compared with control PRAs (adjusted probability of use: pretest = 0.14, posttest = 0.17), use of treatment PRAs (pretest = 0.10, posttest = 0.32) was higher at posttest (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71, 8.94). Shade increased use of PRAs in Denver (control: pretest = 0.18, posttest = 0.19; treatment: pretest = 0.16, posttest = 0.47) more than Melbourne (control: pretest = 0.11, posttest = 0.14; shaded: pretest = 0.06, posttest = 0.19; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.09, 8.14). Conclusions. Public investment in shade is warranted for skin cancer prevention and may be especially useful in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: No Equity, No Triple Aim: Strategic Proposals to Advance Health Equity in a Volatile Policy Environment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wilkinson, G.W.
Author-Name: Sager, A.
Author-Name: Selig, S.
Author-Name: Antonelli, R.
Author-Name: Morton, S.
Author-Name: Hirsch, G.
Author-Name: Lee, C.R.
Author-Name: Ortiz, A.
Author-Name: Fox, D.
Author-Name: Lupi, M.V.
Author-Name: Acuff, C.
Author-Name: Wachman, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S223-S228
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000
Abstract: Health professionals, including social workers, community health workers, public health workers, and licensed health care providers, share common interests and responsibilities in promoting health equity and improving social determinants of health-the conditions in which people live, work, play, and learn. We summarize the underlying causes of health inequity and comparatively poor health outcomes in the United States. We describe barriers to realizing the hope embedded in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, that moving away from fee-for-service payments will naturally drive care upstream as providers respond to greater financial risk by undertaking greater prevention efforts for the health of their patients. We assert that health equity should serve as the guiding framework for achieving the Triple Aim of health care reform and outline practical opportunities for improving care and promoting stronger efforts to address social determinants of health. These proposals include developing a dashboard of measures to assist providers committed to health equity and community-based prevention and to promote institutional accountability for addressing socioeconomic factors that influence health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Capping Medicaid Funding—lessons From Puerto Rico
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Perreira, K.M.
Author-Name: Jones, D.K.
Author-Name: Oberlander, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1900-1901
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health Outcomes and Costs of Social Work Services: A Systematic Review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Steketee, G.
Author-Name: Ross, A.M.
Author-Name: Wachman, M.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S256-S266
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce expensive health service utilization, contain costs, improve health outcomes, and address the social determinants of health require research that demonstrates the economic value of health services in population health across a variety of settings. Social workers are an integral part of the US health care system, yet the specific contributions of social work to health and cost-containment outcomes are unknown. The social work profession's person-in-environment framework and unique skillset, particularly around addressing social determinants of health, hold promise for improving health and cost outcomes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: School-based curriculum to improve depression literacy among US secondary school students: A randomized effectiveness trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Swartz, K.
Author-Name: Musci, R.J.
Author-Name: Beaudry, M.B.
Author-Name: Heley, K.
Author-Name: Miller, L.
Author-Name: Alfes, C.
Author-Name: Townsend, L.
Author-Name: Thornicroft, G.
Author-Name: Wilcox, H.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1970-1976
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the effectiveness of a universal school-based depression education program. Methods. In 2012–2015, we matched 6679 students from 66 secondary schools into pairs by state (Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Oklahoma) and randomized to the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP; n = 3681) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 2998). Trained teachers delivered ADAP as part of the health education curriculum to students aged 14 to 15 years. The primary outcome was depression literacy. Secondary outcomes included mental health stigma and, in a subset of the sample, the receipt of mental health services. Follow-up was at 4 months. Results. ADAP resulted in significantly higher levels of depression literacy among participating students than did waitlist controls, after adjusting for pretest assessment depression literacy (P < .001). Overall, ADAP did not significantly affect stigma (P = .1). After ADAP, students approached 46% of teachers with concerns about themselves or others. Of students who reported the need for depression treatment, 44% received treatment within 4 months of ADAP implementation. Conclusions. ADAP is an effective public health intervention for improving depression literacy among students.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A Call for Submissions: AJPH Instagram Photo Contest
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Patel, S.
Author-Name: Anderson, C.
Author-Name: Vachhani, P.
Author-Name: Guidry, J.
Author-Name: Grove, L.
Author-Name: Mpody, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1902
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A History of Social Work in Public Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ruth, B.J.
Author-Name: Marshall, J.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S236-S242
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005
Abstract: Social work is a core health profession with origins deeply connected to the development of contemporary public health in the United States. Today, many of the nation's 600 000 social workers practice broadly in public health and in other health settings, drawing on a century of experience in combining clinical, intermediate, and population approaches for greater health impact. Yet, the historic significance of this long-standing interdisciplinary collaboration-and its current implications-remains underexplored in the present era. This article builds on primary and contemporary sources to trace the historic arc of social work in public health, providing examples of successful collaborations. The scope and practices of public health social work practice are explored, and we articulate a rationale for an expanded place for social work in the public health enterprise.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Buying Drugs Online in the Age of Social Media
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bachhuber, M.A.
Author-Name: Merchant, R.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1858-1859
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health planning for pets
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e28
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Low-risk cannabis use is an oxymoron
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Braillon, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Twitter-based detection of illegal online sale of prescription opioid
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mackey, T.K.
Author-Name: Kalyanam, J.
Author-Name: Katsuki, T.
Author-Name: Lanckriet, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1910-1915
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994
Abstract: Objectives. To deploy a methodology accurately identifying tweets marketing the illegal online sale of controlled substances. Methods. We first collected tweets from the Twitter public application program interface stream filtered for prescription opioid keywords. We then used unsupervised machine learning (specifically, topic modeling) to identify topics associated with illegal online marketing and sales. Finally, we conducted Web forensic analyses to characterize different types of online vendors. We analyzed 619 937 tweets containing the keywords codeine, Percocet, fentanyl, Vicodin, Oxycontin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone over a 5-month period from June to November 2015. Results. A total of 1778 tweets (< 1%) were identified as marketing the sale of controlled substances online; 90% had imbedded hyperlinks, but only 46 were “live” at the time of the evaluation. Seven distinct URLs linked to Web sites marketing or illegally selling controlled substances online. Conclusions. Our methodology can identify illegal online sale of prescription opioids from large volumes of tweets. Our results indicate that controlled substances are trafficked online via different strategies and vendors. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be used to identify illegal online sellers in criminal violation of the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury laws, 2005–2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yang, J.
Author-Name: Comstock, R.D.
Author-Name: Yi, H.
Author-Name: Harvey, H.H.
Author-Name: Xun, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1916-1922
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the trends of new and recurrent sports-related concussions in high-school athletes before and after youth sports traumatic brain injury laws. Methods. We used an interrupted time-series design and analyzed the concussion data (2005–2016) from High School Reporting Injury Online. We examined the trends of new or recurrent concussion rates among US representative high-school athletes participating in 9 sports across prelaw, immediate-postlaw, and postlaw periods by using general linear models. We defined 1 athlete exposure as attending 1 competition or practice. Results. We included a total of 8043 reported concussions (88.7% new, 11.3% recurrent). The average annual concussion rate was 39.8 per 100 000 athlete exposures. We observed significantly increased trends of reported new and recurrent concussions from the prelaw, through immediate-postlaw, into the postlaw period. However, the recurrent concussion rate showed a significant decline 2.6 years after the laws went into effect. Football exhibited different trends compared with other boys' sports and girls' sports. Conclusions. Observed trends of increased concussion rates are likely attributable to increased identification and reporting. Additional research is needed to evaluate intended long-term impact of traumatic brain injury laws.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Integrating HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) into routine preventive health care to avoid exacerbating disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Calabrese, S.K.
Author-Name: Krakower, D.S.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1883-1889
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061
Abstract: More than 3 decades since its emergence in the United States, HIV continues to spread and disproportionately affect socially marginalized groups. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective prevention strategy federally approved since 2012, could fundamentally alter the course of the epidemic. However, PrEP's potential has not been fully realized, in part because health care providers have been slow to adopt PrEP in clinical practice and have been selective in their discussion of PrEP with patients. This nonstandardized approach has constrained PrEP access. PrEP access has not only been inadequate but also inequitable, with several groups in high need showing lower rates of uptake than do their socially privileged counterparts. Recognizing these early warning signs that current approaches to PrEP implementation could exacerbate existing HIV disparities, we call on health professionals to integrate PrEP into routine preventive health care for adult patients—particularly in primary care, reproductive health, and behavioral health settings. Drawing on the empirical literature, we present 4 arguments for why doing so would improve access and access equity, and we conclude that the benefits clearly outweigh the challenges.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A Social Work Approach to Policy: Implications for Population Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Miller, D.P.
Author-Name: Bazzi, A.R.
Author-Name: Allen, H.L.
Author-Name: Martinson, M.L.
Author-Name: Salas-Wright, C.P.
Author-Name: Jantz, K.
Author-Name: Crevi, K.
Author-Name: Rosenbloom, D.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S243-S249
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003
Abstract: The substantial disparities in health and poorer outcomes in the United States relative to peer nations suggest the need to refocus health policy. Through direct contact with the most vulnerable segments of the population, social workers have developed an approach to policy that recognizes the importance of the social environment, the value of social relationships, and the significance of value-driven policymaking. This approach could be used to reorient health, health care, and social policies. Accordingly, social workers can be allies to public health professionals in efforts to eliminate disparities and improve population health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Measuring physical activity with heart rate monitors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hensen, S.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e24
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Arredondo et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Arredondo, E.M.
Author-Name: Crespo, N.
Author-Name: Lopez, N.V.
Author-Name: Elder, J.P.
Author-Name: Haughton, J.
Author-Name: Sallis, J.
Author-Name: Perez, L.
Author-Name: Ayala, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e24-e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Understanding increased mortality after gunshot injury
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kent, A.J.
Author-Name: Sakran, J.V.
Author-Name: Efron, D.T.
Author-Name: Haider, A.H.
Author-Name: Cornwell, E.E., III
Author-Name: Haut, E.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e22-e23
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health workers in the United States: Challenges in identifying, surveying, and supporting the workforce
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sabo, S.
Author-Name: Allen, C.G.
Author-Name: Sutkowi, K.
Author-Name: Wennerstrom, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1964-1969
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096
Abstract: Community health workers (CHWs) are members of a growing profession in the United States. Studying this dynamic labor force is challenging, in part because its members have more than 100 different job titles. The demand for timely, accurate information about CHWs is increasing as the profession gains recognition for its ability to improve health outcomes and reduce costs. Although numerous surveys of CHWs have been conducted, the field lacks well-delineated methods for gaining access to this hard-to-identify workforce. We outline methods for surveying CHWs and promising ap-proachestoengagetheworkforce and other stakeholders in conducting local, state, and national studies. We also highlight successful strategies to overcome challenges in CHW surveys and future directions for surveying the field.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What can we do or Change to Encourage People to Seek Out Preexposure Prophylaxis?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eaton, L.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1862-1864
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cook et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cook, P.J.
Author-Name: Rivera-Aguirre, A.E.
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Author-Name: Wintemute, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e23
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What About the Trees? Trees as Nature-Based “Shade Sails”
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zarr, R.
Author-Name: Conway, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1876-1877
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evolution of Public Health Education in China
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wu, T.
Author-Name: Li, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1893-1895
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Easiness of legal access to concealed firearm permits and homicide rates in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Siegel, M.
Author-Name: Xuan, Z.
Author-Name: Ross, C.S.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Kalesan, B.
Author-Name: Fleegler, E.
Author-Name: Goss, K.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1923-1929
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relation of “shall-issue” laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; “may-issue” laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates. Methods. We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis. Results. Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide. Conclusions. Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dramatic Decreases in US Abortion Rates: Public Health Achievement or Failure?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Foster, D.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1860-1862
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing Social Work Education for Health Impact
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Browne, T.
Author-Name: Keefe, R.H.
Author-Name: Ruth, B.J.
Author-Name: Cox, H.
Author-Name: Maramaldi, P.
Author-Name: Rishel, C.
Author-Name: Rountree, M.
Author-Name: Zlotnik, J.
Author-Name: Marshall, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S229-S235
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054
Abstract: Social work education plays a critical role in preparing social workers to lead efforts that improve health. Because of the dynamic health care landscape, schools of social work must educate students to facilitate health care system improvements, enhance population health, and reduce medical costs. We reviewed the existing contributions of social work education and provided recommendations for improving the education of social workers in 6 key areas: aging, behavioral health, community health, global health, health reform, and health policy. We argue for systemic improvement in the curriculum at every level of education, including substantive increases in content in health, health care, health care ethics, and evaluating practice outcomes in health settings. Schools of social work can further increase the impact of the profession by enhancing the curricular focus on broad content areas such as prevention, health equity, population and community health, and health advocacy.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fischer et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fischer, B.
Author-Name: Van Den Brink, W.
Author-Name: Hall, W.
Author-Name: LeFoll, B.
Author-Name: Rehm, J.
Author-Name: Room, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e26-e27
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Venues Where Male Sex Workers Meet Partners: The Emergence of Gay Hookup Apps and Web Sites
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schrimshaw, E.W.
Author-Name: Siegel, K.
Author-Name: Meunier, É.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1866-1867
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Income Volatility: A Preventable Public Health Threat
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Basu, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1898-1899
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Parks and Shady Areas in Times of Climate Change, Urban Sprawl, and Obesity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Heckman, C.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1856-1858
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A community-level sodium reduction intervention, Boston, 2013–2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brooks, C.J.
Author-Name: Barrett, J.
Author-Name: Daly, J.
Author-Name: Lee, R.
Author-Name: Blanding, N.
Author-Name: McHugh, A.
Author-Name: Williams, D.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1951-1957
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate a community-level sodium-reduction intervention in Boston, Massachusetts. Reducing sodium in the food offerings of community settings may help reduce hypertension disparities. Methods. We examined changes in the proportion of prepackaged foods with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in 7 hospitals, 8 YMCAs, 4 community health centers, and 2 organizations serving homeless populations. Research assistants documented prepackaged items in cafeterias, kiosks, and vending machines before and after the intervention (2013–2015). We assessed intervention change via linear mixed models accounting for repeated observations. Results. There were 161 access points at baseline (4347 facings) and 171 (4996 facings) at follow-up. The percentage of prepackaged products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium decreased from 29.0% at baseline to 21.5% at follow-up (P = .003). Changes were driven by improvements in hospital cafeterias and kiosks (P = .003). The percentage of products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in YMCA vending decreased 58% (from 27.2% to 11.5%; P = .017); other organizations had nonsignificant declines. Conclusions. We found modest reductions in the percentage of higher-sodium prepackaged products across community institutions. Community-level interventions may increase availability of lower-sodium products in the food supply.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Vaccines and the Trump Administration—reasons for Optimism Amid Uncertainty
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schwartz, J.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1892-1893
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Geographic distribution of scorpion exposures in the United States, 2010–2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kang, A.M.
Author-Name: Brooks, D.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1958-1963
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the geographic distribution of scorpion envenomations in the United States by zip code, with particular attention to the neurotoxic Centruroides sculpturatus (Arizona bark scorpion), for which an antivenom is available. Methods. We obtained scorpion exposure cases for 2010 to 2015 from the National Poison Data System. Using geographic information systems software, we mapped total exposures and incidence rates for 9 states that reported more than 100 annual calls. We also mapped cases that reported fasciculations and nystagmus (unique to C. sculpturatus among native scorpions). Results. The highest exposure incidences occurred in Phoenix (up to 677 per 100 000 population) and Tucson (584), both in Arizona. Elsewhere, high incidences were found in El Paso, Texas (213); Oklahoma City (209) and Tulsa (178), Oklahoma; and Las Vegas, Nevada (170). Fasciculations and nystagmus were reported in Arizona and southeastern Nevada, with small numbers in surrounding states, including Utah. Conclusions. Scorpion exposures occurred at baseline rates throughout many of the southern states, whereas several states reported effects indicative of Arizona bark scorpion envenomation. Public Health Implications. Public and health care provider education, as well as the stocking of antivenom, should be targeted based on these findings.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Democratic Policy, Social Movements, and Public Health: A New Theme for AJPH Public Health Forum
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: De Camargo, K.R., Jr.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1855-1856
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Work's Role in Medicaid Reform: A Qualitative Study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bachman, S.S.
Author-Name: Wachman, M.
Author-Name: Manning, L.
Author-Name: Cohen, A.M.
Author-Name: Seifert, R.W.
Author-Name: Jones, D.K.
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T.
Author-Name: Nuzum, R.
Author-Name: Riley, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S3
Pages: S250-S255
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To critically analyze social work's role in Medicaid reform.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Publicly Funded Family Planning Under Unprecedented Attack
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gold, R.B.
Author-Name: Hasstedt, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1895-1897
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A 21st-century public health approach to abortion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roberts, S.C.M.
Author-Name: Fuentes, L.
Author-Name: Berglas, N.F.
Author-Name: Dennis, A.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1878-1882
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068
Abstract: In the United States, groups advocating for and against abortion rights often deploy public health arguments to advance their positions. Recently, these arguments have evolved into state laws that use the government health department infrastructure to increase law enforcement and regulatory activities around abortion. Many major medical and public health associations oppose these new laws because they are not evidence-based and do not protect women's health. Yet state health departments have been defending these laws in court. We propose a 21st-century public health approach to abortion based in an accepted public health framework. Specifically, we apply the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 10 Essential Public Health Services framework to abortion to describe how health departments should engage with abortion. With this public health framework as our guide, we argue that health departments should be facilitating women's ability to obtain an abortion in the state and county where they reside, researching barriers to abortion care in their states and counties, and promoting the use of a scientific evidence base in abortion-related laws, policies, regulations, and implementation of essential services.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Out of Our Comfort Zone to Improve Population Health: A Public Health of Consequence, December 2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1867-1868
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Media as a Tool to Increase the Impact of Public Health Research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Breland, J.Y.
Author-Name: Quintiliani, L.M.
Author-Name: Schneider, K.L.
Author-Name: May, C.N.
Author-Name: Pagoto, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1890-1891
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Text messaging for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence: No effects after 1 year in a randomized controlled trial among adolescents and young adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Linnemayr, S.
Author-Name: Huang, H.
Author-Name: Luoto, J.
Author-Name: Kambugu, A.
Author-Name: Thirumurthy, H.
Author-Name: Haberer, J.E.
Author-Name: Wagner, G.
Author-Name: Mukasa, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1944-1950
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) reminder messages on antiretroviral and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis adherence among HIV-positive youths as well as the relative effectiveness of SMS with and without a response option. Methods. Eligible HIV-positive patients aged 15 to 22 years at 2 HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda, participated in a year-long parallel individual-randomized controlled trial and were assigned in a 1-to-1-to-1 ratio to a weekly SMS message group, weekly SMS message with response option group, or a usual-care control group. Results. We enrolled 332 participants. Electronically measured mean adherence was 67% in the control group, 64% in the 1-way SMS group (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.14), and 61% in the 2-way SMS group (95% CI = 0.75, 1.12) in an intent-to-treat analysis. Results for secondary outcomes and complete-case analysis were similarly statistically insignificant across groups. Conclusions. Despite previous evidence that interventions using SMS reminders can promote antiretroviral therapy adherence, this study shows that they are not always effective in achieving behavior change. More research is needed to find out for whom, and under what conditions, they can be beneficial.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Laws Facilitating Gun Carrying and Homicide
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Donohue, J.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1864-1865
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Population group abortion rates and lifetime incidence of abortion: United States, 2008–2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, R.K.
Author-Name: Jerman, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1904-1909
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the prevalence of abortion among population groups and changes in rates between 2008 and 2014. Methods. We used secondary data from the Abortion Patient Survey, the American Community Survey, and the National Survey of Family Growth to estimate abortion rates. We used information from the Abortion Patient Survey to estimate the lifetime incidence of abortion. Results. Between 2008 and 2014, the abortion rate declined 25%, from 19.4 to 14.6 per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. The abortion rate for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years declined 46%, the largest of any group. Abortion rates declined for all racial and ethnic groups but were larger for non-White women than for non-Hispanic White women. Although the abortion rate decreased 26% for women with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level, this population had the highest abortion rate of all the groups examined: 36.6. If the 2014 age-specific abortion rates prevail, 24% of women aged 15 to 44 years in that year will have an abortion by age 45 years. Conclusions. The decline in abortion was not uniform across all population groups.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Health is Everyone's Kuleana
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Quade, T.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1845
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Loaded handgun carrying among US adults, 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rowhani-Rahbar, A.
Author-Name: Azrael, D.
Author-Name: Lyons, V.H.
Author-Name: Simonetti, J.A.
Author-Name: Miller, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: 1930-1936
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the frequency of loaded handgun carrying among US adult handgun owners, characterize those who carry, and examine concealed carrying by state concealed carry laws. Methods. Using a nationally representative survey of US adults in 2015, we asked handgun owners (n = 1444) about their past-30-day carrying behavior. Results. Among surveyed handgun owners, 24% (95% confidence interval[CI] = 21%, 26%) carried loaded handguns monthly, of whom 35% (95% CI = 29%, 41%) did so daily; 82% (95% CI = 77%, 86%) carried primarily for protection. The proportion of handgun owners who carried concealed loaded handguns in the past 30 days was 21% (95% CI = 12%, 35%) in unrestricted states, 25% (95% CI = 21%, 29%) in shall issue—no discretion states, 20% (95% CI = 16%, 24%) in shall issue—limited discretion states, and 9% (95% CI = 6%, 15%) in may-issue states. Conclusions. We estimate that 9 million US adult handgun owners carry loaded handguns monthly, 3 million do so every day, and most report protection as the main carrying reason. Proportionally fewer handgun owners carry concealed loaded handguns in states that allow issuing authorities substantial discretion in granting carrying permits.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions in socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ruiz-Perez, I.
Author-Name: Murphy, M.
Author-Name: Pastor-Moreno, G.
Author-Name: Rojas-García, A.
Author-Name: Rodríguez-Barranco, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Pages: e13-e21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067
Abstract: Background. Surveys in the United States and Europe have shown a plateau of new HIV cases, with certain regions and populations disproportionately affected by the disease. Ethnic minority women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are disproportionately affected by HIV. Previous reviews have focused on prevention interventions targeting ethnic minority men who have sex with men, have not accounted for socioeconomic status, or have included only interventions carried out in clinical settings. Objectives. To review and assess the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority women in member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Search Methods. On March 31, 2014, we executed a search using a strategy designed for the MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases. Additional searches were conducted through the Cochrane Library, CRD Databases, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, EURONHEED, CEA Registry, and the European Action Program for Health Inequities as well as in gray literature sources. No language or date restrictions were applied. Selection Criteria. We selected studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions to prevent HIV among ethnic minority women of low socioeconomic status in which at least 80% of participants were reported to belong to an ethnic minority group and to have a low income or be unemployed. We included only studies that were conducted in OECD member states and were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental investigations with a comparison group. Data Collection and Analysis. A data extraction form was developed for the review and used to collect relevant information from each study. We summarized results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcomes were categorized into 3 groups: improved knowledge regarding transmission of HIV, behavior changes related to HIV transmission, and reductions in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We then performed meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of the prevention interventions in terms of the 3 outcome categories. Main Results. A total of 43 interventions were included, and 31 were judged to be effective, 7 were partially effective, and 5 were ineffective. The most frequently recurring characteristics of these interventions were cultural adaptation, a cognitive–behavioral approach, the use of small groups and trained facilitators, and a program duration of between 1 and 6 weeks. Our meta-analyses showed that the interventions improved knowledge of HIV transmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43, 0.75), increased the frequency of condom use (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.16, 2.19), and significantly reduced the risk of STI transmission by 41% (relative risk = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.75). Conclusions. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions targeting socioeconomically deprived ethnic minority women. Public Health Implications. This is one of the first studies to include a meta-analysis assessing reductions in STI incidence among at-risk women who have participated in HIV prevention programs. The fact that our meta-analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in STI transmission provides important evidence supporting the overall effectiveness of directing prevention programming toward this vulnerable population. For policymakers, this review demonstrates the feasibility of working with multiple intervention components while at the same time facilitating more effective interventions that take into account the principal outcome measures of knowledge, behavior change, and STI transmission rates. The review also underscores the need for additional research outside the United States on the effectiveness of prevention interventions in this vulnerable group.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing the public health impact of the mhealth app business
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Freudenberg, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1694-1696
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Deregulation, devolution, and state preemption laws' impact on us mortality trends
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Montez, J.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1749-1750
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Legacies of 1917 in contemporary Russian public health: Addiction, HIV, and abortion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rivkin-Fish, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1731-1735
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064
Abstract: I examine the legacies of Soviet public health policy and the socialist health care system and trace howthe Soviet past figures in contemporary Russian policymaking and debates about drug use, HIV, and abortion. Drug policies andmainstream views of HIV reflect continuities with key aspects of Soviet-era policies, although political leaders do not acknowledge these continuities in justifying their policies. In abortion policy, by contrast, which is highly debated in the public realm, advocates representthemselves as differing from Soviet-era policies to justify their positions. Yet abortion activists' views of the past differ tremendously, reminding us that the Soviet past is symbolically productive for arguments about Russia's present and future. I describe key aspects of the Soviet approach to health and compare how current drug policy (and the related management of HIV/AIDS) and abortion policies are discursively shaped in relation to the Soviet historical and cultural legacy.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Geotagged US tweets as predictors of county-level health outcomes, 2015-2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, Q.C.
Author-Name: McCullough, M.
Author-Name: Meng, H.-W.
Author-Name: Paul, D.
Author-Name: Li, D.
Author-Name: Kath, S.
Author-Name: Loomis, G.
Author-Name: Nsoesie, E.O.
Author-Name: Wen, M.
Author-Name: Smith, K.R.
Author-Name: Li, F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1776-1782
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993
Abstract: Objectives. To leverage geotagged Twitter data to create national indicators of the social environment, with small-area indicators of prevalent sentiment and social modeling of health behaviors, and to test associations with county-level health outcomes, while controlling for demographic characteristics. Methods. We used Twitter's streaming application programming interface to continuously collect a random 1% subset of publicly available geo-located tweets in the contiguous United States. We collected approximately 80 million geotagged tweets from 603 363 unique Twitter users in a 12-month period (April 2015-March 2016). Results. Across 3135 US counties, Twitter indicators of happiness, food, and physical activity were associated with lower premature mortality, obesity, and physical inactivity. Alcohol-use tweets predicted higher alcohol-use-related mortality. Conclusions. Socialmedia represents a newtype of real-time data thatmay enable public healthofficials toexaminemovement ofnorms, sentiment, andbehaviors thatmayportend emerging issues or outbreaks-thus providing a way to intervene to prevent adverse health events and measure the impact of health interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changes in sugar-sweetened soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference: 2-year cohort of Mexican women
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stern, D.
Author-Name: Middaugh, N.
Author-Name: Rice, M.S.
Author-Name: Laden, F.
Author-Name: López-Ridaura, R.
Author-Name: Rosner, B.
Author-Name: Willett, W.
Author-Name: Lajous, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1801-1808
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate 2-year changes in soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference. Methods. We followed 11 218 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort from 2006 to 2008. Dietary data were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight was self-reported, and waist circumference was self-measured. We used linear regression to evaluate changes in sugar-sweetened and sugar-free soda consumption in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference, adjusting for lifestyle and other dietary factors. Results. Compared with no change, a decrease in sugar-sweetened soda consumption by more than 1 serving per week was associated with less weight gain (-0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.6, -0.2). Conversely, relative to no change, an increase in sugar-sweetened soda bymore than 1 serving per weekwas associatedwith a 0.3-kilogram (95% CI = 0.2, 0.5) increase inweight. An increase of 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened sodawas associatedwith a 1.0 kg (95%CI = 0.7, 1.2; P < .001) increase inweight.The results for waist circumference were similar. Conclusions. Moderate changes in consumption of sugar-sweetened soda over a 2-year period were associated with corresponding changes in weight and waist circumference among Mexican women.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual orientation question kept in NSOAAP: "government at Its Best"
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1692-1693
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The changing pattern of nutrition intake by social class in Contemporary China, 1991-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Xu, Z.
Author-Name: Zhang, W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1809-1811
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001
Abstract: Objectives. To explore the changing pattern of nutrition intake by social class in contemporary China. Methods. We defined social class in 2 ways. The first definition was based on employment, and the second definition was based on per capita household income levels. Weused China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1991 to 2011 to show the changes in the relation between social class and nutrition intake. Results. The relation between social class and nutrition intake in China changed significantly within the 2 decades. For example, in the early 1990s, the lowest social class (defined by employment or income) had more caloric intake than did the highest social class; 20 years later, however, the relation reversed, and the lowest social class consumed significantly fewer calories. Conclusions. China has seen a great reversal in its social class-nutrition relationship since the early 1990s. Our study calls for wider recognition that insufficient consumption of food and nutrition is increasingly an issue for people in the lower social classes in China.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Autism spectrum disorder among US children (2002-2010): Socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Durkin, M.S.
Author-Name: Maenner, M.J.
Author-Name: Baio, J.
Author-Name: Christensen, D.
Author-Name: Daniels, J.
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, R.
Author-Name: Imm, P.
Author-Name: Lee, L.-C.
Author-Name: Schieve, L.A.
Author-Name: Van Naarden Braun, K.
Author-Name: Wingate, M.S.
Author-Name: Yeargin-Allsopp, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1818-1826
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032
Abstract: Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence. Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators.Weascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance. Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year amongWhite, Black, and Hispanic children.The prevalence difference between highand low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006-2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES. Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Alan gregg, the diary of a thoughtful eye-witness
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ladwig, S.
Author-Name: Brown, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1743
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mexican cohort study predates but predicts the type of body composition changes expected from the mexican sugar-sweetened beverage tax
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Popkin, B.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1702-1703
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Emergency medical service personnel's risk from violence while serving the community
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Maguire, B.J.
Author-Name: O'Neill, B.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1770-1775
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the risks of violence-related injury among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in the United States. Methods.Weanalyzed 1630 violence-related occupational injury cases reported to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for the years 2012 to 2015 and conducted secondary searches within the Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site. Results. The number of cases per year varied between 250 and 560. Perpetrators included patients (77%) and coworkers (8%). Female EMS personnel had a disproportionately greater risk of violence-related injuries. The most common (35%) injury type was "sprains-strains-tears"; about 4% of the assault cases resulted in fractures, 13% resulted in surface wounds, and 190 were head injuries. About a third of the cases were classified as intentional. Conclusions. The findings indicate a clear need for reliable interventions. The differences in risk for women indicate that some interventions may need to be demographic- specific. Because of the limitations of national data, future researchers will need access to agency-level data that include hours worked and call volume by demographic factors such as gender.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A social network analysis of the financial links backing health and fitness apps
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grundy, Q.
Author-Name: Held, F.
Author-Name: Bero, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1783-1788
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995
Abstract: Objectives. To identify the major stakeholders in mobile health app development and to describe their financial relationships using social network analysis. Methods. We conducted a structured content analysis of a purposive sample of prominent health and fitness apps available in November 2015 in the United States, Canada, and Australia. We conducted a social network analysis of apps' developers, investors, other funding sources, and content advisors to describe the financial relationships underpinning health app development. Results. Prominent health and fitness apps are largely developed by private companies based in North America, with an average of 4.7 (SD = 5.5) financial relations, including founders, external investors, acquiring companies, and commercial partnerships. Network analysis revealed a core of 41 sampled apps connected to 415 other entities by 466 financial relations. This core largely comprised apps published by major technology, pharmaceutical, and fashion corporations. About one third of apps named advisors, many of whom had commercial affiliations. Conclusions. Public health needs to extend its scrutiny and advocacy beyond the health messages contained within apps to understanding commercial influences on health and, when necessary, challenging them.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health: An optimal commodity for the attention economy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Millington, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1696-1697
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The promises, realities, and legacies of the bolshevik revolution, 1917-2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krementsov, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1693-1694
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The essence of the Soviet health system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sigerist, H.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1736-1738
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Two sides of the crisis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mohammed, K.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A smartphone application to reduce time-to-notification of sexually transmitted infections
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cohen, A.C.
Author-Name: Zimmerman, F.
Author-Name: Prelip, M.
Author-Name: Glik, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1795-1800
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999
Abstract: Objectives.To measure whether the implementation of Healthvana-an online patient engagement platform and smartphone application-reduced the number of days between sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, notification, and treatment at AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Wellness Centers. Methods.We analyzed the retrospective data for 917 male clients who tested positive and received treatment for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015.Weincluded 8 AHF Wellness Centers from California and Florida in the study. We used regression models to evaluate the relationship between Healthvana implementation (pre-Healthvana vs post-Healthvana) and the number of days between the STI test, notification, and treatment. Results. Following Healthvana implementation at the AHF Wellness Centers, the mean number of days decreased between the STI test and notification, from 8 to 6 days. The mean number of days between the overall STI test and treatment decreased from 12 to 10 days. Regression models found the reduction in the number of days from STI test to notification to be statistically significant. Conclusions. Smartphone applications like Healthvana are promising technologies to ensure clients are successfully and immediately notified of their STI test results.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Enrollment in California's medicaid program after the affordable care act expansion
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wang, J.
Author-Name: Trivedi, A.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1757-1759
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031
Abstract: Objectives. To determine enrollment rates and predictors of enrollment for newly eligible low-income adults in California following the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Medicaid expansion. Methods. We used data from the 2014 to 2015 California Health Interview Survey to examine post-ACA Medicaid enrollment rates and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of demographic factors, income, and health with enrollment. Results.Wefound a 78.5% enrollment rate for the newly eligible Medicaid population, translating to 3.8 million adults enrolled and 1.1 million adults who were eligible but did not enroll. Significant predictors of enrollment were participating in a public welfare program (odds ratio [OR] = 6.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.09, 14.04), having heart disease (OR = 4.03; 95% CI = 1.34, 12.15), being in the top quartile of income (OR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.64, 7.85), enrolling in 2015 (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.94, 5.56), being unemployed (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.82), and being female (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.03, 2.85).Wedid not find significant disparities across race/ethnicity, education level, or geography. Conclusions. Repeal of Medicaid expansion would have a substantial effect on health insurance coverage among California's low-income adults, many of whom report chronic health conditions and no alternative sources of affordable coverage. Future research should examine the mechanisms explaining the higher enrollment rates among California's Medicaid expansion population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Diagnostic accuracy of two food insecurity screeners recommended for use in health care settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Makelarski, J.A.
Author-Name: Abramsohn, E.
Author-Name: Benjamin, J.H.
Author-Name: Du, S.
Author-Name: Lindau, S.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1812-1817
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033
Abstract: Objectives. To test the diagnostic accuracy of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended food insecurity screener. Methods. We conducted prospective diagnostic accuracy studies between July and November 2016 in Chicago, Illinois. We recruited convenience samples of adults from adult and pediatric emergency departments (12-month recall study: n = 188; 30-day recall study: n = 154). A self-administered survey included the 6-item Household Food Security Screen (gold standard), the validated 2-item Hunger Vital Sign (HVS; often, sometimes, never response categories), and the 2-item AAP tool (yes-or-no response categories). Results. Food insecurity was prevalent (12-month recall group: 46%; 30-day group: 39%). Sensitivity of the AAP tool using 12-month and 30-day recall was, respectively, 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65%, 85%) and 72% (95% CI = 57%, 84%). The HVS sensitivity was significantly higher than the AAP tool (12-month: 94% [95% CI = 86%, 98%; P = .002]; 30-day: 92% [95% CI = 79%, 98%; P = .02]). Conclusions. The AAP tool missed nearly a quarter of food-insecure adults screened in the hospital; the HVS screening tool was more sensitive. Public health implications. Health care systems adopting food insecurity screening should optimize ease of administration and sensitivity of the screening tool.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing the right to health - The vital role of law
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gostin, L.O.
Author-Name: Cathaoir, K.O.
Author-Name: Roache, S.A.
Author-Name: Magnusson, R.S.
Author-Name: Krech, R.
Author-Name: Solomon, S.A.
Author-Name: Walton, D.
Author-Name: Kieny, M.-P.
Author-Name: Patterson, D.W.
Author-Name: Burci, G.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1755-1756
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Recreational cannabis legalization and opioid-related deaths in Colorado, 2000-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Livingston, M.D.
Author-Name: Barnett, T.E.
Author-Name: Delcher, C.
Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1827-1829
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059
Abstract: Objectives.To examine the association between Colorado's legalization of recreational cannabis use and opioid-related deaths. Methods.Weused an interrupted time-series design (2000-2015) to compare changes in level and slope of monthly opioid-related deaths before and after Colorado stores began selling recreational cannabis.We also describe the percent change in opioid-related deaths by comparing the unadjusted model-smoothed number of deaths at the end of follow-up with the number of deaths just prior to legalization. Results. Colorado's legalization of recreational cannabis sales and use resulted in a 0.7 deaths per month (b = -0.68; 95% confidence interval = -1.34, -0.03) reduction in opioid-related deaths. This reduction represents a reversal of the upward trend in opioid-related deaths in Colorado. Conclusions. Legalization of cannabis in Colorado was associated with short-term reductions in opioid-related deaths. As additional data become available, research should replicate these analyses in other states with legal recreational cannabis.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Propagandizing the healthy, bolshevik life in the early ussr
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Starks, T.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1718-1724
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049
Abstract: This essay outlines the problems facing Soviet health authorities at the inception of the People's Commissariat of Public Health in 1918 and the innovative methods employed in sanitary enlightenment propaganda in Russia throughout the 1920s. Beset by funding issues and supply problems, the emissaries of health chose the cheapest means of health improvement (propaganda) with the most cost-effective method (prevention), and crowed of great successes even as large portions of the nation still suffered from lack of contact with sanitary authorities. Targeting Soviet citizens at every stage and space of life, the envoys of public health spread the message of prophylaxis.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nursing and the public health legacies of the Russian revolution
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grant, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1725-1730
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078
Abstract: The centenary of the October Revolution in 1917 provides a timely opportunity to assess the legacies of that event. I examine the role of the revolution in public health with a focus on nursing, assessing the Imperial Russian health care system, the development of Soviet nursing, and current plans for nursing and public health care in Putin's Russia. Analyzing nursing shows that there was a great deal of continuity in terms of medical personnel and ideas on how public health care service in Russia should operate. Nursing illuminates some of the complexities of Soviet health care and ideology, particularly the state's desire to create a socialist form of nursing in theory, despite the strong links with the prerevolutionary past in the form of personnel. This situation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the new Russian state attempted to sever connections with the past, this time with the Soviet past. But as I show, making a clean break with the past is a difficult and often fraught process.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: On the promise and peril of technology for population health: A public health of consequence, November 2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1703-1705
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Gaps in federal and state screening of tuberculosis in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Singer, P.M.
Author-Name: Noppert, G.A.
Author-Name: Jenkins, C.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1750-1752
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A revolutionary attack on tobacco: Bolshevik antismoking campaigns in the 1920s
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Starks, T.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1711-1717
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048
Abstract: Using archival records of the Commissariat of Public Health, journals, and propaganda materials from the antismoking campaign of the Soviet 1920s, this article argues that the revolutionary state pursued an antitobacco policy unique in the world in its attack on tobacco use at a national scale. The commissar of public health, Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko, attempted to severely curtail tobacco cultivation and production, limit tobacco sales, and create a public opinion against tobacco with a propaganda campaign. Even in failing in its farther-reaching goals, the policy proved one of the most forward in terms of antismoking propaganda and state-sponsored treatment regimens, with the distribution of antismoking posters, pamphlets, articles, plays, and films as well as the creation of special state-sponsored smoking-cessation programs that boasted high success rates.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The time is now for ehealth research with latinos
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rodriquez, E.J.
Author-Name: Perez-Stable, E.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1705-1707
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The physicians' case for marijuana legalization
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nathan, D.L.
Author-Name: Clark, H.W.
Author-Name: Elders, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1746-1747
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Value of public health funding in preventing hospital bloodstream infections in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Whittington, M.D.
Author-Name: Bradley, C.J.
Author-Name: Atherly, A.J.
Author-Name: Campbell, J.D.
Author-Name: Lindrooth, R.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1764-1769
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987
Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the association of 1 activity of the Prevention and Public Health Fund with hospital bloodstream infections and calculate the return on investment (ROI). Methods. The activity was funded for 1 year (2013). A difference-in-differences specification evaluated hospital standardized infection ratios (SIRs) before funding allocation (years 2011 and 2012) and after funding allocation (years 2013 and 2014) in the 15 US states that received the funding compared with hospital SIRs in states that did not receive the funding. We estimated the association of the funded public health activity with SIRs for bloodstream infections.Wecalculated the ROI by dividing cost offsets from infections averted by the amount invested. Results.The funding was associated with a 33% (P < .05) reduction in SIRs and an ROI of $1.10 to $11.20 per $1 invested in the year of funding allocation (2013). In 2014, after the funding stopped, significant reductions were no longer evident. Conclusions.This activitywas associatedwitha reductioninbloodstreaminfections large enough to recoup the investment. Public health funding of carefully targeted areas may improve health and reduce health care costs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Screening for food insecurity: Short-term alleviation and long-term prevention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cutts, D.
Author-Name: Cook, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1699-1700
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing science and public health practice on climate change and health justice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bell, M.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1687
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing suicide prevention through a focus on firearm safety
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anestis, M.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1701-1702
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Can the fda help reduce drug prices or the cost of medical care?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zuckerman, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1752-1754
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Law enforcement and gun retailers as partners for safely storing guns to prevent suicide: A study in 8 Mountain West States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Runyan, C.W.
Author-Name: Brooks-Russell, A.
Author-Name: Brandspigel, S.
Author-Name: Betz, M.
Author-Name: Tung, G.
Author-Name: Novins, D.
Author-Name: Agans, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1789-1794
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the extent to which law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and gun retailers are willing to offer voluntary, temporary storage as a part of an overall suicide prevention effort. Methods. We invited all LEAs and gun retailers in 8 US states to respond to questionnaires asking about their willingness to offer temporary gun storage and their recommendations to gun owners about safe storage. Results. We collected data in 2016 from 448 LEAs and 95 retailers (response rates of 53% and 25%, respectively). Three quarters of LEAs (74.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 72.1, 77.5) indicated they already provided temporary storage compared with 47.6% (95% CI = 39.2, 56.0) of retailers. LEAs were most willing to provide storage when a gun owner was concerned about the mental health of a family member. Retailers were more receptive than were LEAs to providing storage when visitors were coming or for people wanting storage while traveling. Both groups recommended locking devices within the home, but LEAs were slightly more favorable to storing guns away from the home. Conclusions. Law enforcement agencies and gun retailers are important resources for families concerned about suicide.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Henry E. Sigerist (1891- 1957): Medical Historian, Advocate of "socialized" Medicine, and Admirer of the Soviet Health System
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, T.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1738-1739
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Our greedy health care system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McDonough, J.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1744-1745
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in autism spectrum disorders: The interaction of time, group-level socioeconomic status, and individual-level race/ethnicity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Newschaffer, C.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1698-1699
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Development of a statewide, publicly accessible drug overdose surveillance and information system
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L.
Author-Name: Yedinak, J.L.
Author-Name: Goyer, J.
Author-Name: Green, T.C.
Author-Name: Koziol, J.A.
Author-Name: Alexander-Scott, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 11
Pages: 1760-1763
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007
Abstract: In response to Rhode Island's overdose epidemic, we developed a collaborative, statewide online "dashboard" to provide the public with timely overdose surveillance data.TheWeb site- www.PreventOverdoseRI.org (PORI)-offers user-friendly data visualizations, plain language education, and interactive resource maps. Development of the site has improved overdose data sharing andtransparency inRhodeIsland. Preliminary results suggest a successful site launch. Future research will evaluate the effectiveness of PORI in terms of informing strategic initiatives to reduce overdoses in affected communities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Readiness to vaccinate critical personnel during an influenza pandemic, United States, 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Moulia, D.L.
Author-Name: Dopson, S.A.
Author-Name: Vagi, S.J.
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T.J.
Author-Name: Fiebelkorn, A.P.
Author-Name: Graitcer, S.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1643-1645
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained. Methods. We analyzed self-reported planning to vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic with data from 2 surveys: (1) the Program Annual Progress Assessment of immunization programs and (2) the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment of public health emergency preparedness programs. Both surveys were conducted in 2015. Results. Twenty-six (43.3%) of 60 responding public health emergency preparedness programs reported having an operational plan to identify and vaccinate CIP, and 16 (26.2%) of 61 responding immunization programs reported knowing the number of CIP in their program's jurisdictions. Conclusions. Many programs may not be ready to identify and vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic. Additional efforts are needed to ensure operational readiness to vaccinate CIP during the next influenza pandemic.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Consumer-directed health care for medicaid patients: Past and future reforms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Singer, P.M.
Author-Name: Nelson, D.B.
Author-Name: Tipirneni, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1592-1594
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Despair in the American Heartland? A focus on rural health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1533-1534
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Using all means to protect public health in Israel from emerging tobacco products
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kopel, E.
Author-Name: Davidovitch, N.
Author-Name: Levine, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1599-1600
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Leveraging interest to decrease rural health disparities in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meit, M.
Author-Name: Knudson, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1563-1564
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Clarivate analytics (formerly produced by Thomson Reuters) journal metrics and AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shelepak, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1526
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Standard period life table used to compute the life expectancy of diseased subpopulations: More confusing than helpful
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Perron, L.
Author-Name: Simard, M.
Author-Name: Brisson, J.
Author-Name: Hamel, D.
Author-Name: Lo, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1615-1620
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932
Abstract: Life expectancy (LE) based on a period life table (PLT) traditionally serves as a general population summary metric. It is, however, becoming more frequently reported for chronically afflicted subpopulations. In general populations, there is always an obvious real cohort sharing the hypothetical PLT cohort characteristics, and the LE estimate is intuitively understood as that real cohort mean survival time, assuming constancy of death risks. In diseased subpopulations, the correspondence between the hypothetical cohort and a real cohort is not straightforward. Furthermore, the excess mortality of chronic diseases usually changes according to age at onset and time since onset. The standard PLT method does not allow for proper control of these issues, so the LE estimate can only be deemed valid under specific assumptions. Without clear statements about the real cohort to whom the estimate is intended and the assumptions allowing disregard of the effect of age at onset and time since onset, LEs of afflicted subpopulations computed with the PLT are only abstract numbers summarizing mortality rates. If called "life expectancy," they can be seriously misleading.The same applies to health-adjusted LE.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The epidemic of despair among white americans: Trends in the leading causes of premature death, 1999-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stein, E.M.
Author-Name: Gennuso, K.P.
Author-Name: Ugboaja, D.C.
Author-Name: Remington, P.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1541-1547
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate trends in premature death rates by cause of death, age, race, and urbanization level in the United States. Methods. We calculated cause-specific death rates using the Compressed Mortality File, National Center for Health Statistics data for adults aged 25 to 64 years in 2 time periods: 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015. We defined 48 subpopulations by 10-year age groups, race/ethnicity, and county urbanization level (large urban, suburban, small or medium metropolitan, and rural). Results.The age-adjusted premature death rates for all adults declined by8%between 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015, with decreases in 39 of the 48 subpopulations. Most decreases in death rates were attributable to HIV, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. All 9 subpopulations with increased death rates were non-Hispanic Whites, largely outside large urban areas. Most increases in death rates were attributable to suicide, poisoning, and liver disease. Conclusions. The unfavorable recent trends in premature death rate among non-Hispanic Whites outside large urban areas were primarily caused by self-destructive health behaviors likely related to underlying social and economic factors in these communities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Legal, practical, and ethical considerations for making online patient portals accessible for all
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lyles, C.R.
Author-Name: Fruchterman, J.
Author-Name: Youdelman, M.
Author-Name: Schillinger, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1608-1611
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933
Abstract: Largely driven by the financial incentives of the HITECH Act's Meaningful Use program as part of federal US health care reform, access to portal Web sites has rapidly expanded, allowing many patients to view their medical record information online. Despite this expansion, there is little attention paid to the accessibility of portals for more vulnerable patient populations-especially patients with limited health literacy or limited English proficiency, and individuals with disabilities. We argue that there are potential legal mandates for improving portal accessibility (e.g., the Civil Rights and the Rehabilitation Acts), as well as ethical considerations to prevent the exacerbation of existing health and health care disparities. To address these legal, practical, and ethical considerations, we present standards and broad recommendations that could greatly improve the reach and impact of portal Web sites.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Assessing years of life lost versus number of deaths in the United States, 1995-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Taksler, G.B.
Author-Name: Rothberg, M.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1653-1659
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986
Abstract: Objectives. To assess years of life lost to each cause of death in the United States between 1995 and 2015, and compare it with the number of deaths. Methods. We used Vital Statistics mortality data and defined "life-years lost" as remaining life expectancy for each decedent's age, sex, and race.Wecalculated the share of life-years lost to each cause of death in each year, and examined reasons for changes. Results. In 2015, heart disease caused the most deaths, but cancer caused 23% more life-years lost. Life-years lost to heart disease declined 6% since 1995, whereas life-years lost to cancer increased 16%. The increase for cancer was entirely attributable to population growth and longer life expectancy; had these factors remained constant, life-years lost to heart disease and cancer would have fallen 56% and 38%, respectively. Accidents (including overdoses), suicides, and homicides each caused twice the share of life-years lost as deaths. Measuring life-years lost highlighted racial disparities in heart disease, homicides, and perinatal conditions. Conclusions. Life-years lost may provide additional context for understanding long-term mortality trends.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: On being transnational and transgender: Human rights and public health considerations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Operario, D.
Author-Name: Nemoto, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1537-1538
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of police training and accountability on the mental health of African American Adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Oh, H.
Author-Name: DeVylder, J.
Author-Name: Hunt, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1588-1590
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Deaths of despair: Why? what to do?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D.
Author-Name: Keck, C.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1564-1565
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Rural versus urban use of traditional and emerging tobacco products in the United States, 2013-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Roberts, M.E.
Author-Name: Doogan, N.J.
Author-Name: Stanton, C.A.
Author-Name: Quisenberry, A.J.
Author-Name: Villanti, A.C.
Author-Name: Gaalema, D.E.
Author-Name: Keith, D.R.
Author-Name: Kurti, A.N.
Author-Name: Lopez, A.A.
Author-Name: Redner, R.
Author-Name: Cepeda-Benito, A.
Author-Name: Higgins, S.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1554-1559
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967
Abstract: Objectives. To examine urban-rural differences in US prevalences of traditional and emerging tobacco product use as well as dual or polytobacco use of these products. Methods. Our data were derived from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We estimated weighted prevalences of adult tobacco use across urban-rural geographies and examined prevalences classified by gender, poverty level, and region of the country. Results. Nationally, cigarette use and smokeless tobacco use, as well as dual or polytobacco use of traditional products, were more prevalent in rural than in urban areas. Conversely, cigarillo and hookah use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products were higher in urban areas. There was no significant urban-rural difference in use of ecigarettes. Gender, poverty, and region of the country did not seem to be driving most urban-rural differences, although differences related to cigarillo use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products became nonsignificant after control for covariates. Conclusions. Our findings highlight important urban-rural differences in tobacco use. Whether the changing tobacco product landscape will contribute to a continuation of rural health disparities remains to be seen.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Urban-rural differences in suicide in the state of Maryland: The role of firearms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nestadt, P.S.
Author-Name: Triplett, P.
Author-Name: Fowler, D.R.
Author-Name: Mojtabai, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1548-1553
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865
Abstract: Objectives. To assess whether the use of firearms explains rural-urban differences in suicide rates. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis on all 6196 well-characterized adult suicides in Maryland from 2003 through 2015. We computed rate ratios by using census data and then stratified by sex, with adjustment for age and race. Results. Suicide rates were higher in rural compared with urban counties. However, the higher rural suicide rates were limited to firearm suicides (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.31). Nonfirearm suicide rates were not significantly higher in rural settings. Furthermore, 89% of firearm suicides occurred in men and the higher rural firearm suicide rate was limited to men (IRR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.69). Women were significantly less likely to complete suicide in rural areas (IRR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.94), regardless of method. Conclusions. Malefirearmuse drives the increased rate of suicide in rural areas.The opposite associations between urbanicity and suicide in men and women may be driven by the male preference for firearms as a method for committing suicide.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Diverging life expectancies and voting patterns in the 2016 US Presidential Election
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bor, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1560-1562
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945
Abstract: Objectives. To assess whether voting patterns in the 2016 US presidential election were correlated with long-run trends in county life expectancy. Methods. I examined county-level voting data from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections and assessed Donald Trump's share of the 2016 vote, change in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016, and changes in absolute numbers of Democratic and Republican votes. County-level estimates of life expectancy at birth were obtained for 1980 and 2014 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results. Changes in county life expectancy from 1980 to 2014 were strongly negatively associated with Trump's vote share, with less support for Trump in counties experiencing greater survival gains. Counties in which life expectancy stagnated or declined saw a 10-percentage-point increase in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016. Conclusions. Residents of counties left out from broader life expectancy gains abandoned the Democratic Party in the 2016 presidential election. Since coming to power, the Trump administration has proposed cuts to health insurance for the poor, social programs, health research, and environmental and worker protections, which are key determinants of population health. Health gaps likely will continue to widen without significant public investment in population health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Obesity prevention in the supermarket-choice architecture and the supplemental nutrition assistance program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Thorndike, A.N.
Author-Name: Sunstein, C.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1582-1583
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Witte, S.S.
Author-Name: MacPhee, C.
Author-Name: Ginsburg, N.
Author-Name: Deshmukh, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1633-1635
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936
Abstract: Objectives.To examine state-level female condom use through Medicaid from 2004 to 2014, because in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed for expanded Medicaid coverage in many states, extending requirements for contraceptive care to more of the poorest women in the United States and to most women with private insurance. Methods.Wecollected data via brief survey of Medicaid offices in all 50 states between March 2015 and March 2016. Results. The number of states providing Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom increased 33% (from 25 to 36) since 2007. Twenty-nine states provided data showing low numbers of claims for female condoms but high rates of reimbursement. Conclusions. This period of heightened access demands that the public health community seize the moment to increase awareness about and promote the female condom among health care professionals and consumers. The pending repeal of the ACA may thwart important gains in access; policies promoting women's reproductive health must be implemented immediately.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Years of life lost, age discrimination, and the myth of productivity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brenner, M.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1535-1537
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Preexposure prophylaxis: Adapting HIV prevention models to achieve worldwide access
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Landers, S.
Author-Name: Kapadia, F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1534-1535
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward a public health politics of consequence: An autobiographical reflection
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1604-1605
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Musculoskeletal disorders: A neglected group at public health and epidemiology meetings?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Perruccio, A.V.
Author-Name: Yip, C.
Author-Name: Badley, E.M.
Author-Name: Power, J.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1584-1585
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lead content of sindoor, a hindu religious powder and cosmetic: New Jersey and India, 2014-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shah, M.P.
Author-Name: Shendell, D.G.
Author-Name: Strickland, P.O.
Author-Name: Bogden, J.D.
Author-Name: Kemp, F.W.
Author-Name: Halperin, W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1630-1632
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the extent of lead content of sindoor, a powder used by Hindus for religious and cultural purposes, which has been linked to childhood lead poisoning when inadvertently ingested. Methods. We purchased 95 samples of sindoor from 66 South Asian stores in New Jersey and 23 samples from India and analyzed samples with atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods for lead. Results. Analysis determined that 79 (83.2%) sindoor samples purchased in the United States and 18 (78.3%) samples purchased in India contained 1.0 ormoremicrograms of lead per gram of powder. ForUS samples, geometric mean concentrationwas 5.4micrograms per gramcomparedwith 28.1microgramsper gramfor Indiasamples.Themaximumlead content detected in both US and India samples was more than 300 000 micrograms per gram. Of the examined USsindoor samples,19%containedmore than 20micrograms per gram of lead (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] limit); 43% of the India samples exceeded this limit. Conclusions. Results suggested continued need for lead monitoring in sindoor in the United States and in sindoor carried into the United States by travelers from India, despite FDA warnings.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ingram, M.
Author-Name: Doubleday, K.
Author-Name: Bell, M.L.
Author-Name: Lohr, A.
Author-Name: Murrieta, L.
Author-Name: Velasco, M.
Author-Name: Blackburn, J.
Author-Name: Sabo, S.
Author-Name: De Zapien, J.G.
Author-Name: Carvajal, S.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1668-1674
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods.Weexamined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.24, -0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = -0.39, -0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -13.5, -10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = -0.7, -0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = -0.14, -0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -39.0, -6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -6.6, -0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients' chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs' evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health integration into a pediatric practice and coordination of referrals to a colocated dental home at a federally qualified health center
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sengupta, N.
Author-Name: Nanavati, S.
Author-Name: Cericola, M.
Author-Name: Simon, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1627-1629
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984
Abstract: We have integrated preventive oral health measures into preventive care visits for children at a federally qualified health center in Boston, Massachusetts. The program, started in 2015, covers 3400 children and has increased universal caries risk screening in primary care to 85%, fluoride varnish application rates to 80%, and referrals to a dental home to 35%. We accomplished this by minimizing pressures on providers' workflow, empowering medical assistants to lead the initiative, and utilizing data-driven improvement strategies, alongside colocated coordinated care.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Brexit: Severe risks to Britain's national health service
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Park, J.J.
Author-Name: McKee, M.
Author-Name: Atun, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1594-1596
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco industry research on nicotine replacement therapy: "if anyone is going to take away our business it should be us"
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Apollonio, D.
Author-Name: Glantz, S.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1636-1642
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935
Abstract: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is recommended for tobacco cessation on the basis of pharmaceutical industry research showing its effectiveness when combined with counseling. The tobacco industry opposed NRT when it first appeared in the 1980s but by 2016 was marketing its own NRT products. We used internal tobacco industry documents dated 1960 through 2010 to identify the industry's perceptions of NRT. As early as the 1950s, tobacco companies developed nonsmoked nicotine replacements for cigarettes, but they stopped out of concern that marketing such products would trigger Food and Drug Administration regulation of cigarettes. In the 1990s, after pharmaceutical companies began selling prescription NRT, tobacco companies found that many smokers usedNRT to supplement smoking rather than to quit. In 2009, once the Food and Drug Administration began regulating tobacco, tobacco companies restarted their plans to capture the nicotine market. Although the tobacco industry initially viewed NRT as a threat, it found that smokers often combined NRT with smoking rather than using it as a replacement and began marketing their own NRT products.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Growing economic inequality sustains health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vega, W.A.
Author-Name: Sribney, W.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1606-1607
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Low-income housing tax credit: Optimizing its impact on health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shi, M.
Author-Name: Samuels, B.A.
Author-Name: Pollack, C.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1586-1588
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Children's access to dental care affected by reimbursement rates, dentist density, and dentist participation in medicaid
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chalmers, N.I.
Author-Name: Compton, R.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1612-1614
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relation between Medicaid reimbursement rates and access to dental care services in the context of dentist density and dentist participation inMedicaid in each state. Methods. Data were from Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment reports for 2014, Medicaid reimbursement rate in 2013, dentist density in 2014, and dentist participation in Medicaid in 2014. We assessed patterns of mediation or moderation. Results. Reimbursement rates and access to dental care were directly related at the state level, but no evidence indicated that higher reimbursement rates resulted in overuse of dental services for those who had access. The relation between reimbursement rates and access to carewasmoderated by dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid. Weestimate thatmore than 1.8million additional childrenwould have had access to dental care if reimbursement rates were higher in states with low rates. Conclusions. Children who access the dental care system receive care, but reimbursement may significantly affect access. States with low dentist density and low dentist participation in Medicaid may be able to improve access to dental services significantly by increasing reimbursement rates.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Living outside the gender box in Mexico: Testimony of transgender mexican asylum seekers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cheney, M.K.
Author-Name: Gowin, M.J.
Author-Name: Taylor, E.L.
Author-Name: Frey, M.
Author-Name: Dunnington, J.
Author-Name: Alshuwaiyer, G.
Author-Name: Huber, J.K.
Author-Name: Garcia, M.C.
Author-Name: Wray, G.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1646-1652
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961
Abstract: Objectives. To explore preimmigration experiences of violence and postimmigration health status in male-to-female transgender individuals (n = 45) from Mexico applying for asylum in the United States. Methods. We used a document review process to examine asylum declarations and psychological evaluations of transgender Mexican asylum seekers in the United States from 2012.We coded documents in 2013 and 2014 using NVivo, a multidisciplinary team reviewed them, and then we analyzed them for themes. Results. Mexican transgender asylum applicants experienced pervasive verbal, physical, and sexual abuse from multiple sources, including family, school, community, and police. Applicants also experienced discrimination in school and in the workplace. Applicants immigrated to the United States to escape persistent assaults and threats to their life. Applicants suffered health and psychological effects from their experiences in Mexico that affected opportunities in the United States for employment, education, and social inclusion. Conclusions. Additional social protections for transgender individuals and antidiscrimination measures in Mexican schools and workplaces are warranted as are increased mental health assessment and treatment, job training, and education services for asylum seekers in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Antiretroviral drugs as the linchpin for prevention of HIV infections in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Samandari, T.
Author-Name: Harris, N.
Author-Name: Cleveland, J.C.
Author-Name: Purcell, D.W.
Author-Name: McCray, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1577-1579
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health worker support for disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic diseases: A randomized clinical trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kangovi, S.
Author-Name: Mitra, N.
Author-Name: Grande, D.
Author-Name: Huo, H.
Author-Name: Smith, R.A.
Author-Name: Long, J.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1660-1667
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985
Abstract: Objectives. To determine whether a community health worker (CHW) intervention improved outcomes in a low-income population with multiple chronic conditions. Methods. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2013-2014). Participants (n = 302) were high-poverty neighborhood residents, uninsured or publicly insured, and diagnosed with 2 or more chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, tobacco dependence, hypertension). All patients set a diseasemanagement goal. Patients randomly assigned to CHWs also received 6 months of support tailored to their goals and preferences. Results. Support from CHWs (vs goal-setting alone) led to improvements in several chronic diseases (changes in glycosylated hemoglobin: -0.4 vs 0.0; body mass index: -0.3 vs -0.1; cigarettes per day: -5.5 vs -1.3; systolic blood pressure: -1.8 vs -11.2; overall P = .08), self-rated mental health (12-item Short Form survey; 2.3 vs -0.2; P = .008), and quality of care (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; 62.9% vs 38%; P < .001), while reducing hospitalization at 1 year by 28% (P = .11). There were no differences in patient activation or self-rated physical health. Conclusions. A standardized CHW intervention improved chronic disease control, mental health, quality of care, and hospitalizations and could be a useful population health management tool for health care systems.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Killed by police: Validity of media-based data and misclassification of death certificates in Massachusetts, 2004-2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Feldman, J.M.
Author-Name: Gruskin, S.
Author-Name: Coull, B.A.
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1624-1626
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media-based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004-2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data. Methods.We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media- based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted matched-pair analyses with the Massachusetts mortality data. Results. Compared with death certificates, there was near-perfect correlation for age in all sources (Pearson r > 0.99) and perfect concordance for gender. Agreement for race/ ethnicity ranged from perfect (The Counted and The Washington Post) to high (Fatal Encounters Cohen's k = 0.92). Among the 78 decedents for whom finalized International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes were available, 59 (75.6%) were properly classified as "deaths due to legal intervention." Conclusions. In Massachusetts, the 4 media-based sources on persons killed by police provide valid demographic data. Misclassification of deaths due to legal intervention in the mortality data does, however, remain a problem. Replication of the study in other states and nationally is warranted.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Individual versus community-level risk compensation following preexposure prophylaxis of HIV
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Holt, M.
Author-Name: Murphy, D.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1568-1571
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930
Abstract: Weanalyzed the concept of risk compensation and how it has been applied in HIV prevention, paying particular attention to the strategyofHIVpreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In risk compensation, reduced perceptions of risk after the introduction of a preventative intervention lead to more frequent risktaking behavior. Such a change may undermine the intervention's protective benefits. We found that many studies purporting to investigate risk compensation do not assess or report changes in perceptions of risk, instead relying on behavioral measures. Our analysis suggests a complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationship between the introduction of a new prevention intervention, perceptions of HIV risk, and subsequent changes in behavior. As PrEP is introduced, we believe comprehensiveassessment of community-level risk compensation- that is, changes in risk perceptions and behavior as a result of increased optimism about avoiding HIV among people not directly protected by PrEP-should not be omitted. We therefore suggest ways to assess prevention optimism and community-level risk compensation.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Can population health science counter in-kind dangerous oversimplifications? a public health of consequence, October 2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1538-1540
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The complex road ahead for preexposure prophylaxis: A primary care physician perspective
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greene, R.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1580-1581
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Violent death reporting inmaryland: Demographic variability in data completeness
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Smith, M.L.
Author-Name: Akinyemi, A.A.
Author-Name: Stanley, J.L.
Author-Name: Mitchell, C.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1621-1623
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943
Abstract: Objectives. To analyze the completeness of precipitating circumstance information recorded in the Maryland Violent Death Reporting System and identify limitations that could affect the system's utility. Methods.Wereviewed all violent deaths among Maryland residents for the years 2003 through 2014 (n = 19 161).We assessed the presence of precipitating circumstance data (abstracted from medical examiner and police reports) by manner of death and demographic characteristics. We further evaluated homicide records with multivariable regression. Results. Demographic variation in circumstance reporting was most pronounced for homicide. Circumstances were known for 53.2% of homicide cases, and this percentage was lower among non-Latino Blacks (48.2%), males (50.7%), those aged 18 to 25 years (47.9%), those residing in jurisdictions with higher-than-average homicide rates (46.1%), and those who died outside in a public place (43.4%) or in a correctional facility (48.9%). With the exception of male gender, these factors were significantly associated with circumstance reporting when we controlled for demographic and situational variables. Conclusions. Circumstance reporting was least likely among groups most at risk for homicide in Maryland. Collection of circumstance data for the most affected groups should be strengthened to help develop better prevention strategies.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: HIV preexposure prophylaxis and condomless sex: Disentangling personal values from public health priorities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Calabrese, S.K.
Author-Name: Underhill, K.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1572-1576
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966
Abstract: Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV protection that remains unknown and inaccessible for many people in the United States despite receiving federal approval over five years ago. PrEP is supported by the public health community, but forgoing condoms while taking PrEP has proven controversial; this controversy may be contributing to the lag in PrEP uptake. We argue that limiting PrEP access based on anticipated or actual sexual behavior contradicts the goals of public health research andpractice and is not scientifically justified. As evidence for the effectiveness of novel forms of biomedicalHIV protection emerges, public health professionals need to accept new definitions of "protected sex" and ensure that their personal values do not override empirical evidence when determining public health priorities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A way forward for bipartisan health reform? Democrat and republican state legislator priorities for the goals of health policy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pagel, C.
Author-Name: Bates, D.W.
Author-Name: Goldmann, D.
Author-Name: Koller, C.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1601-1603
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Despair as a cause of death: More complex than it first appears
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Diez Roux, A.V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1566-1567
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Will automated driving technologies make today's effective restraint systems obsolete?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Subit, D.
Author-Name: Vezin, P.
Author-Name: Laporte, S.
Author-Name: Sandoz, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1590-1592
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The world health organization, public health ethics, and surveillance: Essential architecture for social well-being
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fairchild, A.L.
Author-Name: Dawson, A.
Author-Name: Bayer, R.
Author-Name: Selgelid, M.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 10
Pages: 1596-1598
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing colorectal cancer disparities among African American men beyond traditional practice-based settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Naylor, K.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1356-1358
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Zika & reproductive rights in Brazil: Challenge to the right to health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Valente, P.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1376-1380
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924
Abstract: The Zika virus epidemic rapidly spread across Brazil and Latin America, gaining international attention because of the causal relationship between Zika and birth defects. The high number of cases in Brazil has been attributed to a failure of the state to contain the epidemic and protect the affected people, especially women. Therefore, the public health crisis created by Zika exposed a stark conflict between Brazil's constitutional right to health and the longstanding violation of reproductive rights in the country. Although health is considered to be a right of all in Brazil, women struggle with barriers to reproductive services and lack of access to safe and legal abortions. In response to the epidemic, women's rights advocates havefiled a lawsuitwith Brazil's supreme court that requires the decriminalization of abortion upon the diagnosis of Zika virus. However, the selective decriminalization of abortion may lead to negative social consequences and further stigmatization of people with disabilities. A solution to the reproductive health crisis in Brazil must reconcile women's right to choose and the rights of people with disabilities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transwoman population size
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Raymond, H.F.
Author-Name: Wilson, E.C.
Author-Name: Mcfarland, W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: e12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: To: Dr. Alfredo morabia, editor, ajph
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Author-Name: Birn, A.-E.
Author-Name: Aviles, L.
Author-Name: Bailey, Z.
Author-Name: Cubbin, C.
Author-Name: Dearfield, C.
Author-Name: Jones, M.M.
Author-Name: Lee, R.
Author-Name: Moore, L.
Author-Name: Munoz, N.
Author-Name: Simonds, V.
Author-Name: Waterman, P.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Successes & continued challenges of electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Birkhead, G.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1365-1367
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management as a Field of Practice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rose, D.A.
Author-Name: Murthy, S.
Author-Name: Brooks, J.
Author-Name: Bryant, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S126-S133
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947
Abstract: The health impacts of recent global infectious disease outbreaks and other disasters have demonstrated the importance of strengthening public health systems to better protect communities from naturally occurring and human-caused threats. Public health emergency management (PHEM) is an emergent field of practice that draws on specific sets of knowledge, techniques, and organizing principles necessary for the effective management of complex health events. We highlight how the nascent field of PHEM has evolved in recent years. We explore this development by first examining multiple sites of intersection between the fields of public health and emergency management. We then analyze 2 of the principal pillars on which PHEM was built: organizational and programmatic (i.e., industry) standards and the incident management system. This is followed by a sketch of the key domains, or functional areas, of PHEM and their application to the emergency management cycle. We conclude with some observations about PHEM in a global context and discuss how the field might continue to evolve.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Applying the 15 Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capabilities to Support Large-Scale Tuberculosis Investigations in Complex Congregate Settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Levy, A.J.
Author-Name: Toren, K.G.
Author-Name: Elsenboss, C.
Author-Name: Narita, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S142-S147
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946
Abstract: Public Health-Seattle and King County, a metropolitan health department in western Washington, experiences rates of tuberculosis (TB) that are 1.6 times higher than are state and national averages. The department's TB Control Program uses public health emergency management tools and capabilities sustained with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant funding to manage large-scale complex case investigations. We have described 3 contact investigations in large congregate settings that the TB Control Program conducted in 2015 and 2016. The program managed the investigations using public health emergency management tools, with support from the Preparedness Program. The 3 investigations encompassed medical evaluation of more than 1600 people, used more than 100 workers, identified nearly 30 individuals with latent TB infection, and prevented an estimated 3 cases of active disease. These incidents exemplify how investments in public health emergency preparedness can enhance health outcomes in traditional areas of public health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Development of a research agenda focused on academic health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Author-Name: Brownson, R.C.
Author-Name: Livingood, W.C.
Author-Name: Keck, C.W.
Author-Name: Amos, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1369-1375
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847
Abstract: An academic health department (AHD) is a formal partnership between an academic institution and a governmental public health agency.Case studies have described the value of individual AHDs in the areas of student engagement, practice-based research, workforce development, and service. With growing interest in AHDs and the increasing importance of academic-practice linkages in both academic programs' and public health agencies' accreditation processes, articulating a research agenda focused on the AHDmodel can be useful for stimulating the research and practicefields to further develop the evidence base for AHDs. We provide a researchagenda, developed through an iterative process involving academicians, practitioners, and others interested in academic-practice linkages.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic & socioeconomic disparities in hydration status among US adults & the role of tap water & other beverage intake
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brooks, C.J.
Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L.
Author-Name: Long, M.W.
Author-Name: Cradock, A.L.
Author-Name: Kenney, E.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1387-1394
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income. Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ‡ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we estimated associations between demographic variables, tap water intake, and inadequate hydration. Results. The prevalence of inadequate hydration among US adults was 29.5%. Non- Hispanic Blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 1.76) and Hispanics (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.67) had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did non-Hispanic Whites. Lower-income adults had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did higher-income adults (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.45). Differences in tap water intake partially attenuated racial/ethnic differences in hydration status. Differences in total beverage and other fluid intake further attenuated sociodemographic disparities. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in inadequate hydration among US adults are related to differences in tap water and other beverage intake. Policy action is needed to ensure equitable access to healthy beverages.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Homicide rates of transgender individuals in the United States: 2010-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dinno, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1441-1447
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate homicide rates of transgender US residents and relative risks (RRs) of homicide with respect to cisgender comparators intersected with age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Methods. I estimated homicide rates for transgender residents and transfeminine, Black, Latin, and young (aged 15-34 years) subpopulations during the period 2010 to 2014 using Transgender Day of Remembrance and National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs transgender homicide data. I used estimated transgender prevalences to estimate RRs using cisgender comparators. I performed a sensitivity analysis to situate all results within assumptions about underreporting of transgender homicides and assumptions about the prevalence of transgender residents. Results. The overall homicide rate of transgender individuals was likely to be less than that of cisgender individuals, with 8 of 12RR estimates below 1.0. However, the homicide rates of young transfeminine Black and Latina residents were almost certainly higher than were those of cisfeminine comparators, with all RR estimates above 1.0 for Blacks and all above 1.0 for Latinas. Conclusions. Antiviolence public health programs should identify youngandBlack or Latina transfeminine women as an especially vulnerable population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Per diems in polio eradication: Perspectives from community health workers and officials
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Closser, S.
Author-Name: Rosenthal, A.
Author-Name: Justice, J.
Author-Name: Maes, K.
Author-Name: Sultan, M.
Author-Name: Banerji, S.
Author-Name: Amaha, H.B.
Author-Name: Gopinath, R.
Author-Name: Omidian, P.
Author-Name: Nyirazinyoye, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1470-1476
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886
Abstract: Nearly all global health initiatives give per diems to community health workers (CHWs) in poor countries for shortterm work on disease-specific programs.Weinterviewed CHWs, supervisors, and high-level officials (n = 95) in 6 study sites across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in early 2012 about the per diems given to them by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. These per diems for CHWs ranged from $1.50 to $2.40 per day. International officials defended per diems for CHWs with an arrayof arguments,primarily that they were necessary to defray the expenses that workers incurred during campaigns. But high-level ministry of health officials inmany countries were concerned that even small per diems were unsustainable. By contrast, CHWs saw per diems as a wage; the very small size of this wage led many to describe per diems as unjust. Per diem polio work existed in the larger context of limited and mostly exploitative options for female labor. Taking the perspectives of CHWs seriously would shift the international conversation about per diems towardquestionsof labor rights and justice in global health pay structures.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Morabia responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: e10-e11
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975
Abstract: There was an error in Figure 2. On page 1054, Figure 2 should appear as: (Figure Presented) The article's conclusions are unaffected by this correction.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community-based, preclinical patient navigation for colorectal cancer screening among older black men recruited from barbershops: The MISTER B trial
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cole, H.
Author-Name: Thompson, H.S.
Author-Name: White, M.
Author-Name: Browne, R.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Author-Name: Braithwaite, S.
Author-Name: Fiscella, K.
Author-Name: Boutin-Foster, C.
Author-Name: Ravenell, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1433-1440
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885
Abstract: Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. Methods. We conducted a 3-parallel-Arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New York City. Participants had to be aged 50 years or older, not be up-To-date on CRC screening, have uncontrolled high blood pressure, and have a working telephone. We randomized participants to 1 of 3 groups: (1) patient navigation by a community health worker for CRC screening (PN), (2) motivational interviewing for blood pressure control by a trained counselor (MINT), or (3) both interventions (PLUS). We assessed CRC screening completion at 6-month follow-up. Results. Intent-To-Treat analysis revealed that participants in the navigation interventions were significantly more likely than those in the MINT-only group to be screened for CRC during the 6-month study period (17.5% of participants in PN, 17.8% in PLUS, 8.4% in MINT; P < .01). Conclusions. Telephone-based preclinical patient navigation has the potential to be effective for older Black men. Our results indicate the importance of community-based health interventions forimprovinghealth among minoritymen.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: 2015 Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment Among US Public Health Emergency Preparedness Awardees
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T.J.
Author-Name: Moulia, D.L.
Author-Name: Graitcer, S.B.
Author-Name: Vagi, S.J.
Author-Name: Dopson, S.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S177-S179
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952
Abstract: METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment, an online survey sent to PHEP directors, to analyze, in part, the readiness of PHEP awardees to vaccinate 80% of the populations of their jurisdictions with 2 doses of pandemic influenza vaccine, separated by 21 days, within 16 weeks of vaccine availability.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A Child's Health Is the Public's Health: Progress and Gaps in Addressing Pediatric Needs in Public Health Emergencies
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dziuban, E.J.
Author-Name: Peacock, G.
Author-Name: Frogel, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S134-S137
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950
Abstract: Children are the most prevalent vulnerable population in US society and have unique needs during the response to and recovery from public health emergencies. The physiological, behavioral, developmental, social, and mental health differences of children require specific attention in preparedness efforts. Despite often being more severely affected in disasters, children's needs are historically underrepresented in preparedness. Since 2001, much progress has been made in addressing this disparity through better pediatric incorporation in preparedness planning from national to local levels. Innovative approaches, policies, and collaborations contribute to these advances. However, many gaps remain in the appropriate and proportional inclusion of children in planning for public health emergencies. Successful models of pediatric planning can be developed, evaluated, and widely disseminated to ensure that further progress can be achieved.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: 1918 influenza pandemic: In utero exposure in the United States and long-term impact on hospitalizations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Acquah, J.K.
Author-Name: Dahal, R.
Author-Name: Sloan, F.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1477-1483
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887
Abstract: Objectives. To explore associations between in utero exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic and hospitalization rates in old age (‡ 70 years) in the United States. Methods.We identified individuals exposed (mild and deadly waves) and unexposed in utero to the 1918 influenza pandemic (a natural experiment) by using birth dates from the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old survey.Weanalyzed differences in hospitalization rates by exposure status with multivariate linear regression. Results. In utero exposure to the deadly wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic increased the number of hospital visits by 10.0 per 100 persons. For those exposed in utero to the deadliest wave of the influenza pandemic, high rates of functional limitations are shown to drive the higher rates of hospitalizations in old age. Conclusions. In utero exposure to the influenza pandemic increased functional limitations and hospitalization rates in old age. Public Health Implications.To determine investments in influenza pandemic prevention programs that protect fetal health, policymakers should include long-Term reductions in hospitalizations in their cost-benefit evaluations.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Funding Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Katz, R.
Author-Name: Attal-Juncqua, A.
Author-Name: Fischer, J.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S148-S152
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956
Abstract: The historical precedents that support state and local leadership in preparedness for and response to disasters are in many ways at odds with the technical demands of preparedness and response for incidents affecting public health. New and revised laws and regulations, executive orders, policies, strategies, and plans developed in response to biological threats since 2001 address the role of the federal government in the response to public health emergencies. However, financial mechanisms for disaster response-especially those that wait for gubernatorial request before federal assistance can be provided-do not align with the need to prevent the spread of infectious agents or efficiently reduce the impact on public health. We review key US policies and funding mechanisms relevant to public health emergencies and clarify how policies, regulations, and resources affect coordinated responses.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Complexity in public health research: A public health of consequence, September 2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1367-1368
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transit rider body mass index before and after completion of street light-rail line in Utah
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, B.B.
Author-Name: Smith, K.R.
Author-Name: Jensen, W.A.
Author-Name: Tharp, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1484-1486
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899
Abstract: Objectives. To determine whether 2012 to 2015 (times 1-3) ridership changes correlated with body mass index (BMI) changes after transit line completion in Salt Lake City, Utah. Methods. We used Global Positioning System/accelerometry-measured transit ridership measures in 2012 to 2013 (times 1-2) to compare objective and self-reported ridership. Regression models related changes in objectively measured ridership (times 1-2) and self-reported ridership (times 1-2 and times 1-3) to BMI changes, adjusting for control variables. Results. Objective and self-reported ridership measures were consistent. From time 1 to 2 (P = .021) or to 3 (P = .015), BMI increased among self-reported former riders and decreased among new riders (P = .09 for both times 1-2 and times 1-3), although the latter was nonsignificant. Time 3 attrition adjustment had no effect on results. Adjusting for baseline BMI, the nonsignificant effect for new riders remained nonsignificant, indicating no BMI change; the BMI increase after discontinuing transit remained significant. Conclusions. Observed BMI increases subsequent to stopping transit ridership persisted for more than 2 years (postintervention). These results suggest that transit ridership protects against BMI gains and support the need to provide convenient transit for public health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency Management Tool in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schnall, A.
Author-Name: Nakata, N.
Author-Name: Talbert, T.
Author-Name: Bayleyegn, T.
Author-Name: Martinez, D.
Author-Name: Wolkin, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S186-S192
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate how inclusion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) as a tool in Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning can increase public health capacity for emergency response.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Civil unrest in the context of chronic community violence: Impact on maternal depressive symptoms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yimgang, D.P.
Author-Name: Wang, Y.
Author-Name: Paik, G.
Author-Name: Hager, E.R.
Author-Name: Black, M.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1455-1462
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876
Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in maternal-child health surrounding the April 2015 civil unrest in Baltimore, Maryland, following Freddie Gray's death while in police custody. Methods.Weconducted cross-sectional Children's HealthWatch surveys January 2014 through December 2015 in pediatric emergency departments and primary care clinics on maternal-child health and June 2015 through October 2015 on daily and community routines. We used trend analysis and piecewise logistic regression to examine effects of time, residential proximity moderation, and mediation analysis to assess proximity and maternal-child health relations via maternal concerns. Results. Participants comprised 1095mothers, 93%of whomwereAfrican American and 100%ofwhomhad public or no insurance; 73%of participants' childrenwere younger than 24 months. Following the unrest, prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms increased significantly in proximal, but not distal, neighborhoods (b = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.79; P = .03). Maternal concerns were elevated in proximal neighborhoods and associated with depressive symptoms; mediation through maternal concern was not significant. Fivemonths after the unrest, depressive symptoms returned to previous levels. Conclusions. Civil unrest has an acute effect on maternal depressive symptoms in neighborhoods proximal to unrest. Public Health Implications. To mitigate depressive symptoms associated with civil unrest, maintain stability of community routines, screen for maternal depressive symptoms, and provide parent-child nurturing programs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Late age at childbirth: Survival advantage or artifact?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Adler, N.E.
Author-Name: Lisa
Author-Name: Pritzker, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1381-1382
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Shadyab & LaCroix respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shadyab, A.H.
Author-Name: Lacroix, A.Z.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1382-1383
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ain't necessarily so!": The brake industry's impact on asbestos regulation in the 1970s
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rosner, D.
Author-Name: Markowitz, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1395-1399
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901
Abstract: Canada is proposing a ban on asbestos, and the US Environmental Protection Agency has listed it among the first 10 materials it is investigating under the new Toxic Substances Control Act revisions. However, this effort is currently running up against enormous industry and political opposition. Here, we detail the activities in the early 1970s of the Friction Materials Standards Institute, an industry trade association, to stifle earlier attempts to regulate asbestos use in brake linings, one of the oldest and most obvious sources of asbestos exposure to mechanics, among others.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Project Public Health Ready: History and Evolution of a Best Practice for Public Health Preparedness Planning
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Summers, S.K.
Author-Name: Ferraro, M.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S138-S141
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949
Abstract: We review the history and evolution of Project Public Health Ready and demonstrate why it is considered a best practice in public health preparedness planning. Previous articles on this program have described its impact on single health departments. We provide background information, review successes and challenges to date, and inform public health practitioners about a vetted tool for local public health planners to develop capacity and capability in all-hazards planning and response.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Emergency Preparedness in the Workplace: The Flulapalooza Model for Mass Vaccination
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Swift, M.D.
Author-Name: Aliyu, M.H.
Author-Name: Byrne, D.W.
Author-Name: Qian, K.
Author-Name: McGown, P.
Author-Name: Kinman, P.O.
Author-Name: Hanson, K.L.
Author-Name: Culpepper, D.
Author-Name: Cooley, T.J.
Author-Name: Yarbrough, M.I.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S168-S176
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether an emergency preparedness structure is a feasible, efficient, and sustainable way for health care organizations to manage mass vaccination events.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: AJPH Editorials: Water access in the United States: Health disparities abound & solutions are urgently needed
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Patel, A.I.
Author-Name: Schmidt, L.A.
Author-Name: Lee, P.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1354-1356
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15 PHP Capabilities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Horney, J.A.
Author-Name: Carbone, E.G.
Author-Name: Lynch, M.
Author-Name: Wang, Z.J.
Author-Name: Jones, T.
Author-Name: Rose, D.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S153-S160
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess how health department contextual factors influence perceptions of the 15 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide guidance on organizing preparedness activities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Obesity and overweight in American indian and Alaska native children, 2006-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bullock, A.
Author-Name: Sheff, K.
Author-Name: Moore, K.
Author-Name: Manson, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1502-1507
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate obesity and overweight prevalence in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children across genders, ages, and geographic regions in the Indian Health Service active clinical population. Methods. We obtained data from the Indian Health Service National Data Warehouse. At least 184 000 AI/ANchildren aged 2 to 19 years had body mass index data for each year studied, 2006 to 2015.Wecalculated body mass index percentiles with the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Results. In 2015, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in AI/AN children aged 2 to 19 years was 18.5% and 29.7%, respectively. Boys had higher obesity prevalence than girls (31.5% vs 27.9%). Children aged 12 to 19 years had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than younger children. The AI/AN children in our study had a higher prevalence of obesity than US children overall in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results for 2006 through 2014 were similar. Conclusions. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among AI/AN children in this population may have stabilized, while remaining higher than prevalence for US children overall.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Patterns of use of smokeless tobacco in US Adults, 2013-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cheng, Y.-C.
Author-Name: Rostron, B.L.
Author-Name: Day, H.R.
Author-Name: Stanton, C.A.
Author-Name: Hull, L.C.
Author-Name: Persoskie, A.
Author-Name: Travers, M.J.
Author-Name: Taylor, K.
Author-Name: Conway, K.P.
Author-Name: Ambrose, B.K.
Author-Name: Borek, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1508-1514
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921
Abstract: Objectives. To examine patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, by type, in wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from 32 320 adults (aged ‡ 18 years) to assess the use of pouched snus and other SLT products (loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, and chewing tobacco). Results. Overall, SLT use was most common among men, younger adults, non-Hispanic Whites, and nonurban respondents. Pouched snus users were more likely to report nondaily and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products. Respondents who used SLT some days were more likely to be current established cigarette smokers than those who used SLT every day (57.9% vs 20.2%). Furthermore, current established smokers who used SLT some days were more likely to smoke every day and had a higher median number of cigarettes smoked per day than smokers who used SLT every day. Conclusions. Polytobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, is common among SLT users. Pouched snus users are more likely to report nondaily snus use and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Do our cells pay the price when we sit too much?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Du, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1360-1362
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State health agency & local health department workforce: Identifying top development needs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beck, A.J.
Author-Name: Leider, J.P.
Author-Name: Coronado, F.
Author-Name: Harper, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1418-1424
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875
Abstract: Objectives.To identify occupations with high-priority workforce development needs at public health departments in the United States. Methods. We surveyed 46 state health agencies (SHAs) and 112 local health departments (LHDs). We asked respondents to prioritize workforce needs for 29 occupations and identify whether more positions, more qualified candidates, more competitive salaries for recruitment or retention, or new or different staff skills were needed. Results. Forty-one SHAs (89%) and 36 LHDs (32%) participated. The SHAs reported having high-priority workforce needs for epidemiologists and laboratory workers; LHDs for disease intervention specialists, nurses, and administrative support, management, and leadership positions. Overall, the most frequently reported SHA workforce needs were more qualified candidates and more competitive salaries. The LHDs most frequently reported a need for more positions across occupations and more competitive salaries. Workforce priorities for respondents included strengthening epidemiology workforce capacity, adding administrative positions, and improving compensation to recruit and retain qualified employees. Conclusions. Strategies for addressing workforce development concerns of health agencies includeprovidingadditional trainingandworkforcedevelopmentresources, andidentifyingbest practices for recruitment and retention of qualified candidates.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State & local chronic disease surveillance using electronic health record systems
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Klompas, M.
Author-Name: Cocoros, N.M.
Author-Name: Menchaca, J.T.
Author-Name: Erani, D.
Author-Name: Hafer, E.
Author-Name: Herrick, B.
Author-Name: Josephson, M.
Author-Name: Lee, M.
Author-Name: Weiss, M.D.P.
Author-Name: Zambarano, B.
Author-Name: Eberhardt, K.R.
Author-Name: Malenfant, J.
Author-Name: Nasuti, L.
Author-Name: Land, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1406-1412
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the feasibility of chronic disease surveillance using distributed analysis of electronic health records and to compare results with Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) state and small-Area estimates. Methods. We queried the electronic health records of 3 independent Massachusettsbased practice groups using a distributed analysis tool called MDPHnet to measure the prevalence of diabetes, asthma, smoking, hypertension, and obesity in adults for the state and 13 cities. We adjusted observed rates for age, gender, and race/ethnicity relative to census data and compared them with BRFSS state and small-Area estimates. Results.The MDPHnet population under surveillance included 1 073 545 adults (21.8% of the state adult population). MDPHnet and BRFSS state-level estimates were similar: 9.4% versus 9.7% for diabetes, 10.0% versus 12.0% for asthma, 13.5% versus 14.7% for smoking, 26.3% versus 29.6% for hypertension, and 22.8% versus 23.8% for obesity. Correlation coefficients for MDPHnet versus BRFSS small-Area estimates ranged from 0.890 for diabetes to 0.646 for obesity. Conclusions. Chronic disease surveillance using electronic health record data is feasible and generates estimates comparable with BRFSS state and small-Area estimates.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network, New York City, 2015: Comparison of Member and Nonmember Sites
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Williams, M.D.
Author-Name: Jean, M.C.
Author-Name: Chen, B.
Author-Name: Molinari, N.-A.M.
Author-Name: LeBlanc, T.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S193-S198
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network member sites reported indicators of preparedness for public health emergencies compared with nonmember sites. The network-a collaboration between government and New York City primary care associations-offers technical assistance to primary care sites to improve disaster preparedness and response.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evacuation of pets during disasters: A public health intervention to increase resilience
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chadwin, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1413-1417
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877
Abstract: During a disaster, many pet owners want to evacuate their pets with them, only to find that evacuation and sheltering options are limited or nonexistent. This disregard for companion animal welfare during a disaster can have public health consequences. Pet owners may be stranded at home, unwilling to leave their pets behind. Others refuse evacuation orders or attempt to reenter evacuation sites illegally to rescue their animals. Psychopathologies such as grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with pet abandonment during an evacuation. Health care workers may refuse to work if their animals are in danger, leaving medical facilities understaffed during crises. Zoonotic disease risk increases when pets are abandoned or left to roam,where they are more likely to encounter infected wildlife or unowned animals than they would if they were safely sheltered with their owners. These sequelae are not unique to the United States, nor to wealthy countries. Emergency planning for companion animals during disasters is a global need in communities with a significant pet population, and will increase resilience and improve public health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Excessive gestational weight gain & subsequent maternal obesity at age 40: A hypothetical intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Abrams, B.
Author-Name: Coyle, J.
Author-Name: Cohen, K.
Author-Name: Headen, I.
Author-Name: Hubbard, A.
Author-Name: Ritchie, L.
Author-Name: Rehkopf, D.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1463-1469
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881
Abstract: Objectives. To model the hypothetical impact of preventing excessive gestational weight gain on midlife obesity and compare the estimated reduction with the US Healthy People 2020 goal of a 10% reduction of obesity prevalence in adults. Methods. We analyzed 3917 women with 1 to 3 pregnancies in the prospective US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, from 1979 to 2012. We compared the estimated obesity prevalence between 2 scenarios: gestational weight gain as reported and under the scenario of a hypothetical intervention that all women with excessive gestational weight gain instead gained as recommended by the Institute of Medicine (2009). Results. A hypothetical intervention was associated with a significantly reduced estimated prevalence of obesity for first (3.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 5.6) and second (3.0 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.7, 5.2) births, and twice as high in Black as in White mothers, but not significant in Hispanics. The population attributable fraction was 10.7% (95% CI = 3.3%, 18.1%) in first and 9.3% (95% CI = 2.2%, 16.5%) in second births. Conclusions. Development of effective weight-management interventions for childbearing women could lead to meaningful reductions in long-Term obesity.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Industry payments to physicians for opioid products, 2013-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hadland, S.E.
Author-Name: Krieger, M.S.
Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1493-1495
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982
Abstract: Objectives. To identify payments that involved opioid products from the pharmaceutical industry to physicians. Methods. We used the Open Payments program database from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify payments involving an opioid to physicians between August 2013 and December 2015. We used medians, interquartile ranges, and ranges as a result of heavily skewed distributions to examine payments according to opioid product, abuse-deterrent formulation, nature of payment, state, and physician specialty. Results. During the study, 375 266 nonresearch opioid-related payments were made to 68 177 physicians, totaling $46 158 388. The top 1% of physicians received 82.5% of total payments in dollars. Abuse-deterrent formulations constituted 20.3% of total payments, and buprenorphine marketed for addiction treatment constituted 9.9%. Most payments were for speaking fees or honoraria (63.2% of all dollars), whereas food and beverage payments were the most frequent (93.9% of all payments). Physicians specializing in anesthesiology received the most in total annual payments (median = $50; interquartile range = $16-$151). Conclusions. Approximately 1 in 12 US physicians received a payment involving an opioid during the 29-month study. These findings should prompt an examination of industry influences on opioid prescribing.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Emergency Risk Communications
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Savoia, E.
Author-Name: Lin, L.
Author-Name: Gamhewage, G.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S208-S214
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040
Abstract: RESULTS: We identified a list of ERC outcomes from the full-text review of 152 articles and categorized these into 3 groups, depending upon the level at which the outcome was measured: (1) information environment, (2) population, and (3) public health system. We analyzed interviewees' data from 18 interviews to identify practices and processes related to the effectiveness of ERC and included these as key structural components and processes in the developed evaluation framework.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Science in Emergency Response at CDC: Structure and Functions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Iskander, J.
Author-Name: Rose, D.A.
Author-Name: Ghiya, N.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S122-S125
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951
Abstract: Recent high-profile activations of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) include responses to the West African Ebola and Zika virus epidemics. Within the EOC, emergency responses are organized according to the Incident Management System, which provides a standardized structure and chain of command, regardless of whether the EOC activation occurs in response to an outbreak, natural disaster, or other type of public health emergency. By embedding key scientific roles, such as the associate director for science, and functions within a Scientific Response Section, the current CDC emergency response structure ensures that both urgent and important science issues receive needed attention. Key functions during emergency responses include internal coordination of scientific work, data management, information dissemination, and scientific publication. We describe a case example involving the ongoing Zika virus response that demonstrates how the scientific response structure can be used to rapidly produce high-quality science needed to answer urgent public health questions and guide policy. Within the context of emergency response, longer-term priorities at CDC include both streamlining administrative requirements and funding mechanisms for scientific research.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improved health: A bipartisan opportunity to expand the scope of health reform
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, D.K.
Author-Name: Simmons, M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1383-1384
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Health System Research in Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States (2009-2015): Actionable Knowledge Base
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Savoia, E.
Author-Name: Lin, L.
Author-Name: Bernard, D.
Author-Name: Klein, N.
Author-Name: James, L.P.
Author-Name: Guicciardi, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: e1-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Institute of Medicine released a letter report identifying 4 research priority areas for public health emergency preparedness in public health system research: (1) enhancing the usefulness of training, (2) improving timely emergency communications, (3) creating and maintaining sustainable response systems, and (4) generating effectiveness criteria and metrics.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Television watching & telomere length among adults in southwest China
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Xue, H.-M.
Author-Name: Liu, Q.-Q.
Author-Name: Tian, G.
Author-Name: Quan, L.-M.
Author-Name: Zhao, Y.
Author-Name: Cheng, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1425-1432
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879
Abstract: Objectives. To explore the independent associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with telomere length among Chinese adults. Methods. Data on total time of sedentary behavior, screen-based sedentary behavior (including television watching and computer or phone use), moderate to vigorous physical activity, and dietary intake of 518 adults in Chengdu, Guizhou, and Xiamen in China (54.25% women) aged 20 to 70 years were obtained between 2013 and 2015 through questionnaires. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured to calculate body mass index and percentage of body fat. Telomere length was measured through Southern blot technique. Results. Television watching was inversely related to adjusted telomere length (-71.75 base pair; SE = 34.40; P = .04). Furthermore, a similar trend between telomere length and television watching was found in the group aged 20 to 40 years after adjusting for all covariates. Adults aged 20 to 40 years in the highest tertile of daily time spent on watching television had 4.0% shorter telomere length than adults in the lowest tertile (P = .03). Conclusions. Although the association is modest, television watching is inversely related to telomere length among Chinese adults, warranting further investigation in large prospective studies.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Population mental health & community violence: Advancing the role of local health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Purtle, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1358-1360
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979
Abstract: An author's name was misspelled. On page e9, second column, the author name should read: Gladys E. Ibañez.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Contextualizing complexity: When are systems science methods constructive?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1385-1386
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Progress in Public Health Emergency Preparedness-United States, 2001-2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Murthy, B.P.
Author-Name: Molinari, N.-A.M.
Author-Name: LeBlanc, T.T.
Author-Name: Vagi, S.J.
Author-Name: Avchen, R.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S180-S185
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) program's progress toward meeting public health preparedness capability standards in state, local, and territorial health departments.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Minimum age of sale for tobacco products & electronic cigarettes: Ethical acceptability of US "Tobacco 21 Laws
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morain, S.R.
Author-Name: Malek, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1401-1405
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900
Abstract: Several US jurisdictions have recently passed laws that raise the minimum age of sale for tobacco products and electronic cigarettes to 21 years (Tobacco 21 laws). Although these laws have been demonstrated to be an effective means to reduce youth smoking initiation, their passage and potential expansion have provoked controversy. Critics have objected to these laws, claiming that they unduly intrude on individual freedom and that they irrationally and paternalistically restrict the freedom of those aged 18 to 20 years, who were previously able to legally purchase tobacco products. We have examined the ethical acceptability of Tobacco 21 laws. First, we have described ethical support for such a restriction grounded in its public health benefit. We have then offered arguments that raise doubts about the soundness of critics' objections to these regulations and described an additional ethical justification arising from concern about preventing harm to others. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that Tobacco 21 laws are ethically justifiable.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Promoting Community Preparedness and Resilience: A Latino Immigrant Community-Driven Project Following Hurricane Sandy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cuervo, I.
Author-Name: Leopold, L.
Author-Name: Baron, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S161-S164
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053
Abstract: As community residents and recovery workers, Latino immigrants play important roles after disasters, yet are rarely included in preparedness planning. A community-university-labor union partnership created a demonstration project after Hurricane Sandy to strengthen connections to disaster preparedness systems to increase community resilience among Latino immigrant communities in New York and New Jersey. Building ongoing ties that connect workers and community-based organizations with local disaster preparedness systems provided mutual benefits to disaster planners and local immigrant communities, and also had an impact on national disaster-related initiatives.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Are there any ethical barriers to effective antismoking measures?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lindblom, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1364-1365
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers in 6 US States: 1995-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chihuri, S.
Author-Name: Li, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1487-1492
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers. Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time. Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = -9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (‡ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs. Conclusions. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased in the past 2 decades. The need to assess the effect of increased prescription opioid use on traffic safety is urgent.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: From lead exposure in early childhood to adolescent health: A chicago birth cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Winter, A.S.
Author-Name: Sampson, R.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1496-1501
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relationships between childhood lead exposure and 3 domains of later adolescent health: mental, physical, and behavioral. Methods.We followed a random sample of birth cohort members from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, recruited in 1995 to 1997, to age 17 years and matched to childhood blood test results from the Department of Public Health. We used ordinary least squares regression, coarsened exact matching, and instrumental variables to assess the relationship between average blood lead levels in childhood and impulsivity, anxiety or depression, and body mass index in adolescence. All models adjusted for relevant individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics. Results. After adjustment, a 1 microgram per deciliter increase in average childhood blood lead level significantly predicts 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.12) and 0.09 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.16) SD increases and a 0.37 (95% CI = 0.11, 0.64) point increase in adolescent impulsivity, anxiety or depression, and body mass index, respectively, following ordinary least squares regression. Results following matching and instrumental variable strategies are very similar. Conclusions. Childhood lead exposure undermines adolescent well-being, with implications for the persistence of racial and class inequalities, considering structural patterns of initial exposure. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1496-1501. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2017.303903).
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ethical guidance for disaster response, specifically around crisis standards of care: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Leider, J.P.
Author-Name: Debruin, D.
Author-Name: Reynolds, N.
Author-Name: Koch, A.
Author-Name: Seaberg, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: e1-e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882
Abstract: Background. Terrorism, disease outbreaks, and other natural disasters and mass casualty events have pushed health care and public health systems to identify and refine emergency preparedness protocols for disaster response. Ethical guidance, alongside legal and medical frameworks, are increasingly common components of disaster response plans. Objectives. To systematically review the prevalence and content of ethical guidance offered for disaster response, specifically around crisis standards of care (CSCs). Search methods. We systematically indexed academic literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science from 2012 to 2016. Selection criteria. We searched for peer-reviewed articles that substantively engaged in discussion of ethical guidance for CSCs. Data collection and analysis. Researchers screened potential articles for identification and discussion of ethical issues in CSC planning. We categorized and cataloged ethical concepts and principles. Main results. Of 580 peer-reviewed articles mentioning ethics and CSCs or disaster planning, 38 (6%)met selection criteria.The systematic reviewof the CSC ethics literature since 2012 showed that authors were primarily focused on the ethical justifications for CSC (n = 20) as well as a need for ethics guidelines for implementing CSCs; the ethical justifications for triage (n = 19), both as to which criteria to use and the appropriate processes by which to employ triage; and international issues (n = 17). In addition to these areas of focus, the scholarly literature included discussion of a number of other ethical issues, including duty to care (n = 11), concepts of a duty to plan (n = 8), utilitarianism (n = 5), moral distress (n = 4), professional norms (n = 3), reciprocity (n = 2), allocation criteria (n= 4), equity (n = 4), research ethics (n = 2), duty to steward resources (n = 2), social utility and social worth (n = 2), and a number of others (n = 20). Although public health preparedness efforts have paid increasing attention to CSCs in recent years, CSC plans have rarely been implemented within the United States to date, although some components are common (e.g., triage is used in US emergency departments regularly). Conversely, countries outside the United States more commonly implement CSCs within a natural disaster or humanitarian crisis response, and may offer significant insight into ethics and disaster response for US-based practitioners. Conclusions. This systematic review identifies the most oft-used and -discussed ethical concepts and principles used in disaster planning around CSCs. Although discussion ofmore nuanced issues (e.g., health equity) are present, the majority of items substantively engaging in ethical discussion around disaster planning do so regarding triage and why ethics is needed in disaster response generally. Public health implications. A significant evolution in disaster planning has occurred within the past decade; ethical theories and frameworks have been put to work. For ethical guidance to be useful, it must be practical and implementable. Although high-level, abstract frameworks were once prevalent in disaster planning-especially in the early days of pandemic planning-concerns about the ethically difficult concept of CSCs pervade scholarly articles. Ethical norms must be clearly stated and justified and practical guidelines ought to follow from them. Ethical frameworks should guide clinical protocols, but this requires that ethical analysis clarifies what strategies to use to honor ethical commitments and achieve ethical objectives. Such implementation issues must be considered well ahead of a disaster. As governments and health care systems plan for mass casualty events, ethical guidance that is theoretically sound and practically useful can-And should-form an important foundation from which to build practical guidance for responding to disasters with morally appropriate means.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editor's choice: Standing rock doesn't stand alone: The health care battle across Native America
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoyer, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1349
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Health Preparedness Funding: Key Programs and Trends From 2001 to 2017
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Watson, C.R.
Author-Name: Watson, M.
Author-Name: Sell, T.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S165-S167
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends in funding over the past 16 years for key federal public health preparedness and response programs at the US Department of Health and Human Services, to improve understanding of federal funding history in this area, and to provide context for future resource allocation decisions for public health preparedness.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Missingdataandsystematic bias
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Myers, K.O.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: e14
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Undocumented immigration, drug problems, & driving under the influence in the United States, 1990-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Light, M.T.
Author-Name: Miller, T.
Author-Name: Kelly, B.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1448-1454
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths. Methods. We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented population between 1990 and 2014 from the Center for Migration Studies with arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports and fatality information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Underlying Cause of Death database. We used fixed-effects regression models to examine the longitudinal association between increased undocumented immigration and drug problems and drunk driving. Results. Increased undocumented immigration was significantly associated with reductions in drug arrests, drug overdose deaths, and DUI arrests, net of other factors. There was no significant relationship between increased undocumented immigration and DUI deaths. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that undocumented immigration has not increased the prevalence of drug or alcohol problems, but may be associated with reductions in these public health concerns.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Data sources hinder our understanding of transgender murders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stotzer, R.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 9
Pages: 1362-1363
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improvements in State and Local Planning for Mass Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures: The Technical Assistance Review Program, United States, 2007-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Renard, P.G., Jr
Author-Name: Vagi, S.J.
Author-Name: Reinold, C.M.
Author-Name: Silverman, B.L.
Author-Name: Avchen, R.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: S2
Pages: S200-S207
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and describe outcomes of state and local medical countermeasure preparedness planning, which is critical to ensure rapid distribution and dispensing of a broad spectrum of life-saving medical assets during a public health emergency.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lower-risk cannabis use guidelines: A comprehensive update of evidence and recommendations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fischer, B.
Author-Name: Russell, C.
Author-Name: Sabioni, P.
Author-Name: Van Den Brink, W.
Author-Name: Le Foll, B.
Author-Name: Hall, W.
Author-Name: Rehm, J.
Author-Name: Room, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e1-e12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818
Abstract: Background. Cannabis use is common in North America, especially among young people, and is associated with a risk of various acute and chronic adverse health outcomes. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, for example toward a national legalization policy in Canada, with the aim to improve public health, and thus require evidence-based interventions. As cannabis-related health outcomes may be influenced by behaviors that are modifiable by the user, evidence-based Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG)-akin to similar guidelines in other health fields-offer a valuable, targeted prevention tool to improve public health outcomes. Objectives. To systematically review, update, and quality-grade evidence on behavioral factors determining adverse health outcomes from cannabis that may be modifiable by the user, and translate this evidence into revised LRCUG as a public health intervention tool based on an expert consensus process. Search methods. We used pertinent medical search terms and structured search strategies, to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library databases, and reference lists primarily for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and additional evidence on modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes from cannabis use. Selection criteria. We included studies if they focused on potentially modifiable behavior-based factors for risks or harms for health from cannabis use, and excluded studies if cannabis use was assessed for therapeutic purposes. Data collection and analysis. We screened the titles and abstracts of all studies identified by the search strategy and assessed the full texts of all potentially eligible studies for inclusion; 2 of the authors independently extracted the data of all studies included in this review.We created Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow-charts for each of the topical searches. Subsequently, we summarized the evidence by behavioral factor topic, quality-graded it by following standard (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; GRADE) criteria, and translated it into the LRCUG recommendations by the author expert collective on the basis of an iterative consensus process. Main results. For most recommendations, there was at least "substantial" (i.e., good-quality) evidence. We developed 10 major recommendations for lower-risk use: (1) the most effective way to avoid cannabis use-related health risks is abstinence, (2) avoid early age initiation of cannabis use (i.e., definitively before the age of 16 years), (3) choose low-potency tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or balanced THC-to-cannabidiol (CBD)-ratio cannabis products, (4) abstain from using synthetic cannabinoids, (5) avoid combusted cannabis inhalation and give preference to nonsmoking use methods, (6) avoid deep or other risky inhalation practices, (7) avoid high-frequency (e.g., daily or near-daily) cannabis use, (8) abstain from cannabis-impaired driving, (9) populations at higher risk for cannabis use-related health problems should avoid use altogether, and (10) avoid combining previously mentioned risk behaviors (e.g., early initiation and high-frequency use). Authors' conclusions. Evidence indicates that a substantial extent of the risk of adverse health outcomes from cannabis use may be reduced by informed behavioral choices among users. The evidence-based LRCUG serve as a population-level education and intervention tool to inform such user choices toward improved public health outcomes. However, the LRCUG ought to be systematically communicated and supported by key regulation measures (e.g., cannabis product labeling, content regulation) to be effective. All of these measures are concretely possible under emerging legalization regimes, and should be actively implemented by regulatory authorities. The population-level impact of the LRCUG toward reducing cannabis use-related health risks should be evaluated. Public health implications. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, including legalization in North America, with uncertain impacts on public health. Evidence-based LRCUG offer a potentially valuable population-level tool to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes from cannabis use among (especially young) users in legalization contexts, and hence to contribute to improved public health outcomes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health without fear of consequences or inconsequences
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buekens, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1255-1256
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Accountable care organizations' payments to physicians: Patients should have the right to know
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mansour, M.
Author-Name: Favini, N.
Author-Name: Carome, M.A.
Author-Name: Woolhandler, S.
Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1251-1252
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Alang et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Alang, S.
Author-Name: McAlpine, D.
Author-Name: Hardeman, R.
Author-Name: McCreedy, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e22-e23
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Vocal timbre and the classification of respondent sex in US phone-based surveys
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Riley, N.C.
Author-Name: Blosnich, J.R.
Author-Name: Bear, T.M.
Author-Name: Reisner, S.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1290-1294
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834
Abstract: Objectives. To characterize the conflict of sex and gender identity variables in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) sample and examine how this may affect the administration of sex-related health behavior items to transgender participants. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2014 BRFSS gender identity, sex, and sex-related health behavior variables. Twenty states administered the genderidentity variables (n = 154 062), and 691 respondents identified as transgender in the survey (0.4%). We examined conflict among sex, gender identity, and gender-related variables, and compared conflicting and nonconflicting groups across 4 sociodemographic characteristics. Results. Nearly one third of respondents (27.8%; n = 171) who identified as transgender received sex-specific items that conflicted with their natal sex, thereby reducing the already small subsample of valid responses. There were no significant differences between conflicting and nonconflicting groups on the basis of region, age, race/ethnicity, or type of interview. Conclusions. Public health surveys should ask respondents to self-identify their sex and gender identity. Interviewer assumptions of respondents' sex may lead to erroneous collection of sex- and gender-based items, inhibit survey administration, and create problems in data quality.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How can helicopter parents have missed young worker safety?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lacey, S.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1193
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Crash fatality rates after recreational marijuana legalization in Washington and Colorado
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Aydelotte, J.D.
Author-Name: Brown, L.H.
Author-Name: Luftman, K.M.
Author-Name: Mardock, A.L.
Author-Name: Teixeira, P.G.R.
Author-Name: Coopwood, B.
Author-Name: Brown, C.V.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1329-1331
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate motor vehicle crash fatality rates in the first 2 states with recreational marijuana legalization and compare them with motor vehicle crash fatality rates in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization. Methods. We used the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System to determine the annual numbers of motor vehicle crash fatalities between 2009 and 2015 in Washington, Colorado, and 8 control states.We compared year-over-year changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates (per billion vehicle miles traveled) before and after recreational marijuana legalization with a difference-in-differences approach that controlled for underlying time trends and state-specific population, economic, and traffic characteristics. Results. Pre-recreational marijuana legalization annual changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were similar to those for the control states. Post-recreational marijuana legalization changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado also did not significantly differ from those for the control states (adjusted difference-in-differences coefficient = +0.2 fatalities/billion vehicle miles traveled; 95% confidence interval = -0.4, +0.9). Conclusions. Three years after recreational marijuana legalization, changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were not statistically different from those in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization. Future studies over a longer time remain warranted.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Judicial bypass for minors seeking abortions in Arkansas versus other states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Altindag, O.
Author-Name: Joyce, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1266-1271
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822
Abstract: Objectives. To describe demographic characteristics and abortion timing of minors in Arkansas who obtained an abortion through a judicial bypass, and to contrast the frequency of judicial bypass in other states in the United States. Methods.Weused individual-level data on all abortions to minors (n = 2624) performed in Arkansas from 2005 to 2014 and aggregated data from 10 additional states on abortions obtained through a judicial bypass. We characterized correlates of the judicial bypass and its association with the timing of abortion. Results. Minors in Arkansas who used the courts were more likely to be 17 years of age, nonresidents of Arkansas, Hispanic, and with fewer previous pregnancies than their younger, resident, non-Hispanic White, and multigravida counterparts; 7.7% of abortions to minors were obtained via a bypass in 11 states, but only 2% if Texas and Arkansas are excluded. Conclusions. The demographics of minors who obtain an abortion through a judicial bypass differ significantly from those who have parental consent, and there is widespread variation in the proportion of bypass cases across states.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ideologically motivated violence: A public health approach to prevention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wynia, M.K.
Author-Name: Eisenman, D.
Author-Name: Hanfling, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1244-1246
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence of Financial Fraud and Scams Among Older Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Burnes, D.
Author-Name: Henderson, C.R.
Author-Name: Sheppard, C.
Author-Name: Zhao, R.
Author-Name: Pillemer, K.
Author-Name: Lachs, M.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1295
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The financial exploitation of older adults was recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a serious public health problem. Knowledge of the prevalence of elder financial exploitation is mostly limited to the category of financial abuse, which occurs in relationships involving an expectation of trust. Little is known about the other major category of elder financial exploitation-elder financial fraud and scams, which is perpetrated by strangers. A valid estimate of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence is necessary as a foundation for research and prevention efforts.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Deciphering suicide and other manners of death associated with drug intoxication: A centers for disease control and prevention consultation meeting summary
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stone, D.M.
Author-Name: Holland, K.M.
Author-Name: Bartholow, B.
Author-Name: Logan, J.E.
Author-Name: LiKamWa McIntosh, W.
Author-Name: Trudeau, A.
Author-Name: Rockett, I.R.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1233-1239
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863
Abstract: Manner of death (MOD) classification (i.e., natural, accident, suicide, homicide, or undetermined cause) affects mortality surveillance and public health research, policy, and practice. Determination of MOD in deaths caused by drug intoxication is challenging, with marked variability across states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a multidisciplinary meeting to discuss drug intoxication deaths as they relate to suicide and other MOD. The meeting objectives were to identify individual-level, system-level, and place-based factors affecting MOD classification and identify potential solutions to classification barriers. Suggested strategies included improved standardization in death scene investigation, toxicology, and autopsy practice; greater accountability; and creationof jobaids for investigators. Continued collaboration and coordination of activities are needed among stakeholders to affect prevention efforts.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Raising our voices against discrimination-and for public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Heymann, J.
Author-Name: Sprague, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1256-1258
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The public health practitioner of the future
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Author-Name: Brownson, R.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1227-1232
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823
Abstract: The requisite capacities and capabilities of the public health practitioner of the future are being driven by multiple forces of change, including public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, globalized travel, and the repercussions of the Affordable Care Act. We describe five critical capacities and capabilities that public health practitioners can build on to successfully prepare for and respond to these forces of change: systems thinking and systems methods, communication capacities, an entrepreneurial orientation, transformational ethics, and policy analysis and response. Equipping the public health practitioner with the requisite capabilities and capacities will require new content and methods for those in public health academia, as well as a recommitment to lifelong learning on the part of the practitioner, within an increasingly uncertain and polarized political environment.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Differing perspectives on analyzing data related to firearms and suicide
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stuart, E.A.
Author-Name: Crifasi, C.
Author-Name: McCourt, A.
Author-Name: Vernick, J.S.
Author-Name: Webster, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e26
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Personally identifiable information in state laws: Use, release, and collaboration at health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Begley, E.B.
Author-Name: Ware, J.M.
Author-Name: Hexem, S.A.
Author-Name: Rapposelli, K.
Author-Name: Thompson, K.
Author-Name: Penn, M.S.
Author-Name: Aquino, G.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1272-1276
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862
Abstract: Despite benefits to sharing data among public health programs, confidentiality laws are often presumed to obstruct collaboration or data sharing. We present anoverviewof theuseandrelease of confidential, personally identifiable information as consistent with public health interests and identify opportunities to align data-sharing procedures with use andreleaseprovisions in statelaws to improve program outcomes. In August 2013, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff and legal researchers from the National Nurse-Led Care Consortium conducted a review of state laws regulating state and local health departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Nearly all states and the District of Columbia employ provisions for the generaluse and release of personally identifiable information without patient consent; disease-specific use or release provisions vary by state. Absence of lawregardinguse and release provisions was noted. Health departments should assess existing state laws to determine whether the use or release of personally identifiable information is permitted. Absence of direction should not prevent data sharing but prompt an analysis of existing provisions in confidentiality laws.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Crowdsourced health data: Comparability to a US national survey, 2013-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yank, V.
Author-Name: Agarwal, S.
Author-Name: Loftus, P.
Author-Name: Asch, S.
Author-Name: Rehkopf, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1283-1289
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the generalizability of crowdsourced, electronic health data from self-selected individuals using a national survey as a reference. Methods. Using the world's largest crowdsourcing platform in 2015, we collected data on characteristics known to influence cardiovascular disease risk and identified comparable data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used age-stratified logistic regression models to identify differences among groups. Results. Crowdsourced respondents were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic and White, and had higher educational attainment. Those aged 40 to 59 years were similar to US adults in the rates of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Those aged 18 to 39 years were less similar, whereas those aged 60 to 75 years were underrepresented among crowdsourced respondents. Conclusions. Crowdsourced health data might be most generalizable to adults aged 40 to 59 years, but studies of younger or older populations, racial and ethnic minorities, or those with lower educational attainment should approach crowdsourced data with caution. PublicHealth Implications. Policymakers, the national PrecisionMedicine Initiative, andothers planning to use crowdsourced data should take explicit steps to define and address anticipated underrepresentation by important population subgroups.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prevalence of financial fraud and scams among older adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Burnes, D.
Author-Name: Henderson, C.R., Jr.
Author-Name: Sheppard, C.
Author-Name: Zhao, R.
Author-Name: Pillemer, K.
Author-Name: Lachs, M.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e13-e21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821
Abstract: Background. The financial exploitation of older adults was recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a serious public health problem. Knowledge of the prevalence of elder financial exploitation is mostly limited to the category of financial abuse, which occurs in relationships involving an expectation of trust. Little is known about the other major category of elder financial exploitation-elder financial fraud and scams, which is perpetrated by strangers. A valid estimate of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence is necessary as a foundation for research and prevention efforts. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of elder financial fraud-scam victimization in the United States based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Search Methods. Multiple investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed relevant full-text records from PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and AgeLine databases. Selection Criteria. To maximize the validity and generalizability of prevalence estimation, we restricted eligibility to general populationbased studies (English speaking, 1990 onward) using state- or national-level probability sampling and collecting data directly from older adults. Data Collection and Analysis. Information on elder financial fraud-scam prevalence and study-level characteristics was extracted independently by 2 investigators. Meta-analysis of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence used generalized mixed models with individual studies as levels of a random classification factor. Main Results. We included 12 studies involving a total of 41 711 individuals in the meta-analysis. Overall pooled elder financial fraud-scam prevalence (up to 5-year period) across studies was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0%, 7.8%), with a 1-year period prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI = 3.2%, 7.6%). Studies using a series of questions describing specific fraud-scam events to measure victimization found a significantly higher prevalence (7.1%; 95% CI = 4.8%, 9.4%) than studies using a single, generalquestion self-report assessment approach (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.8%, 5.4%). Author's Conclusions. Elder financial fraud and scams is a common problem, affecting approximately 1 of every 18 cognitively intact, community-dwelling older adults each year; it requires further attention from researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. Elder financial fraud-scam prevalence findings in this study likely underestimate the true population prevalence. We provide methodological recommendations to limit older adult participation and reporting bias in future population-based research. Public Health Implications. Elder financial exploitation victimization is associated with mortality, hospitalization, and poor physical and mental health. Health care professionals working with older adults likely routinely encounter patients who are fraud-scam victims. Validation of instruments to screen for elder financial fraud and scams in clinical settings is an important area of future research. Without effective primary prevention strategies, the absolute scope of this problem will escalate with the growing population of older adults.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Exchanging identifiable health information among health departments: A route through the legal maze
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hodge, J.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1207-1209
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Defining roles for schools and programs of public health in the age of trump
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Palmedo, C.
Author-Name: Roberts, L.
Author-Name: Freudenberg, N.
Author-Name: Sembajwe, G.
Author-Name: Geltman, E.
Author-Name: Heller, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1242-1244
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Repealing the affordable care act essential health benefits: Threats and obstacles
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Willison, C.E.
Author-Name: Singer, P.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1225-1226
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dust exposure and coccidioidomycosis prevention among solar power farm construction workers in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cooksey, G.L.S.
Author-Name: Wilken, J.A.
Author-Name: McNary, J.
Author-Name: Gilliss, D.
Author-Name: Shusterman, D.
Author-Name: Materna, B.L.
Author-Name: Vugia, D.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1296-1303
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate if work activities, dust exposure, and protection measures were associated with a 2011 to 2014 coccidioidomycosis outbreak among workers constructing 2 solar farms in California. Methods. In 2013,wemailed self-administered questionnaires to employees who were onsite at the solar farms where the outbreak occurred to identify cases of clinical coccidioidomycosis and compare with asymptomatic workers by using multivariate logistic regression. Results. When we compared 89 workers with clinical coccidioidomycosis to 325 asymptomatic workers, frequently being in a dust cloud or storm (odds ratio [OR] = 5.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18, 11.06) significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis, whereas frequently wetting soil before soil-disturbing activity (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.75) was protective. When we controlled for being in a dust cloud or storm, frequent soil disturbance significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis only among those who reported wearing a respirator infrequently (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.27, 4.21). Conclusions. Utilization of personal and employer-driven safety practices and increased coccidioidomycosis awareness among construction workers should be considered during the planning of any construction work in coccidioidomycosis-endemic regions to prevent occupational infections and outbreaks.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The end of written informed consent for HIV testing: Not with a bang but a whimper
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bayer, R.
Author-Name: Philbin, M.
Author-Name: Remien, R.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1259-1265
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819
Abstract: In 2014, only two states in the United States still mandated specific written informed consent for HIV testing and, after years of controversy, New York ended this requirement, leaving only Nebraska. New York's shift to opt-out testing meant that a singular feature of what had characterized the exceptionalism surrounding HIV testing was eliminated. We trace the history of debates on written informed consent nationally and in New York State. Over the years of dispute from when HIV testing was initiated in 1985 to 2014, the evidence about the benefits and burdens of written informed consent changed. Just as important was the transformation of the political configuration of HIV advocacy and funding, both nationwide and in New York State. What had for years been the subject of furious debate over what a rational and ethical screening policy required came to an end without the slightest public protest.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Understanding and improving arterial roads to support public health and transportation goals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McAndrews, C.
Author-Name: Pollack, K.M.
Author-Name: Berrigan, D.
Author-Name: Dannenberg, A.L.
Author-Name: Christopher, E.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1278-1282
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898
Abstract: Arterials are types of roads designed to carry high volumes of motorized traffic. They are an integral part of transportation systems worldwide and exposure to them is ubiquitous, especially in urban areas. Arterials provide access to diverse commercial and cultural resources, which can positively influence community health by supporting social cohesion as well as economic andcultural opportunities. They can negatively influence health via safety issues, noise, air pollution, and lack of economic development. The aims of public health and transportation partially overlap; efforts to improve arterials can meet goals of both professions. Two trends in arterial design show promise. First, transportation professionals increasingly define the performance of arterials via metrics accounting for pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, and nearby residents in addition to motor vehicle users. Second, applying traffic engineering and design can generate safety, air quality, and livability benefits, but we need evidence to support these interventions. We describe the importance of arterials (including exposures, health behaviors, effects on equity, and resulting health outcomes) and make the case for public health collaborations with the transportationsector.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Unintentional poisoning in China, 1990 to 2015: The global burden of disease study 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tang, Y.
Author-Name: Zhang, L.
Author-Name: Pan, J.
Author-Name: Zhang, Q.
Author-Name: He, T.
Author-Name: Wu, Z.
Author-Name: Zhan, J.
Author-Name: Li, Q.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1311-1315
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the unintentional poisoning burden and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2015. Methods. We extracted data fromthe Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 to compare mortality, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years livedwith a disability, and risk factors of unintentional poisoning in China.We determined themedian of the percent change and 95%uncertainty interval for theperiod between 1990 and 2015. Results. The age-standardized unintentional poisoning death rate decreased by 61.8% from 1990 (4.1 per 100 000) to 2015 (1.6 per 100 000). The age-standardized prevalence decreased from 1990 (87.9 per 100 000) to 2010 (39.0 per 100 000), but rebounded in 2015 (42.6 per 100 000). All risk factors combined accounted for 14.9% of unintentional poisoning DALYs in 2015.The leading risk factors for unintentional poisoning DALYs were alcohol and drug use and occupational risks. Conclusions. China has made substantial progress in reducing the mortality attributable to unintentional poisoning, but the prevalence and absolute number of patients has been increasing again since 2010. The growing contribution from alcohol and drug use requires increased attention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Prepare and support our chief health strategists on the front lines
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: De Salvo, K.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1205-1206
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Krieger responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e28-e29
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hurricane sandy (New Jersey): Mortality rates in the following month and quarter
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kim, S.
Author-Name: Kulkarni, P.A.
Author-Name: Rajan, M.
Author-Name: Thomas, P.
Author-Name: Tsai, S.
Author-Name: Tan, C.
Author-Name: Davidow, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1304-1307
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826
Abstract: Objectives. To describe changes in mortality after Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey on October 29, 2012. Methods. We used electronic death records to describe changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality overall, in persons aged 76 years or older, and by 3 Sandy impact levels for the month and quarter following Hurricane Sandy compared with the same periods in earlier years adjusted for trends. Results. All-causemortality increased 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] =2%, 11%) for the month, 5%, 8%, and 12%by increasing Sandy impact level; and7%(95%CI = 5%, 10%) for the quarter, 5%, 8%, and 15% by increasing Sandy impact level. In elderly persons, all-cause mortality rates increased 10%(95%CI = 5%, 15%) and 13%(95%CI =10%,16%) in themonth andquarter, respectively. Deaths thatwerecardiovascular disease-related increased by6%in both periods, noninfectious respiratory disease-related by 24% in the quarter, infectionrelated by 20% in the quarter, and unintentional injury-related by 23% in the month. Conclusions. Mortality increased, heterogeneous by cause, for both periods after Hurricane Sandy, particularly in communities more severely affected and in the elderly, who may benefit from supportive services.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Erasing LGBT people from federal data collection: A need for vigilance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Loewy, K.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1217-1218
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trump order mandating deportation for health service use: Not legally sufficient
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Calvo, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1240-1241
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Serious, nonlethal firearm-related injuries in the United States: Compiling the evidence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Salemi, J.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e24-e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: LGBT data collection amid social and demographic shifts of the US LGBT community
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gates, G.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1220-1222
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health-related quality of life among US workers: Variability across occupation groups
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shockey, T.M.
Author-Name: Zack, M.
Author-Name: Sussell, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1316-1323
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840
Abstract: Objectives.To examine the health-related quality of life among workers in 22 standard occupation groups using data from the 2013-2014 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Methods.Weexamined the health-related quality of life measures of self-rated health, frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days by occupation group for 155 839 currently employed adults among 17 states. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses that accounted for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System's complex survey design to obtain prevalence estimates adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Among all occupation groups, the arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupation group reported the highest adjusted prevalence of frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days.The personal care and service occupation group had the highest adjusted prevalence for fair or poor self-rated health. Conclusions. Workers' jobs affect their health-related quality of life.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Polysubstance use among US women of reproductive age who use opioids for nonmedical reasons
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jarlenski, M.
Author-Name: Barry, C.L.
Author-Name: Gollust, S.
Author-Name: Graves, A.J.
Author-Name: Kennedy-Hendricks, A.
Author-Name: Kozhimannil, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1308-1310
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825
Abstract: Objectives.To determine the prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use among US reproductive-aged women who use opioids for nonmedical purposes. Methods. We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2005-2014) data on female respondents aged 18 to 44 years reporting nonmedical opioid use in the past 30 days (unweighted n = 4498). We categorized patterns of polysubstance use in the past 30 days, including cigarettes, binge drinking, and other legal and illicit substances and reported prevalence adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Results. Of all women with nonmedical opioid use, 11% reported only opioid use. Polysubstance use was highest in non-Hispanic White women and women with lower educational attainment. The most frequently used other substances among women using opioids nonmedically were cigarettes (56.2% smoked > 5 cigarettes per day), binge drinking (49.7%), and marijuana (32.4%). Polysubstance use was similarly prevalent among pregnant women with nonmedical opioid use. Conclusions. Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among US reproductive-aged women reporting nonmedical opioid use. Public Health Implications. Interventions are needed that address concurrent use of multiple substances.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Data move us closer to full equality by speaking for those who cannot: Advocating for LGBT older adults
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Durso, L.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1219-1220
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward a constructive public health agenda on race and police use of force
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gonzalez, J.M.R.
Author-Name: Jetelina, K.K.
Author-Name: Bishopp, S.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The opioid crisis and the need for compassion in pain management
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1253-1254
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Anestis et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anestis, M.D.
Author-Name: Anestis, J.C.
Author-Name: Butterworth, S.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e27
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Princess Diana and reduced traffic deaths in France and the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Redelmeier, D.A.
Author-Name: Bhatti, J.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1246-1248
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Chronic health conditions and key health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older US adults, 2013-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fredriksen-Goldsen, K.I.
Author-Name: Kim, H.-J.
Author-Name: Shui, C.
Author-Name: Bryan, A.E.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1332-1338
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922
Abstract: Objectives. To examine disparities in chronic conditions and health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults aged 50 years or older in the United States. Methods.We used data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey to compare disparities in chronic conditions, health outcomes and behaviors, health care access, and preventive health care by sexual orientation and gender. Results. LGB older adults were significantly more likely than heterosexual older adults to have a weakened immune system and low back or neck pain. In addition, sexual minority older women were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to report having arthritis, asthma, a heart attack, a stroke, a higher number of chronic conditions, and poor general health. Sexual minority older men were more likely to report having angina pectoris or cancer. Rates of disability and mental distress were higher among LGB older adults. Conclusions. At substantial cost to society, many disparities in chronic conditions, disability, and mental distress observed in younger LGB adults persist, whereas others, such as cardiovascular disease risks, present in later life. Interventions are needed to maximize LGB health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fischer, B.
Author-Name: Russell, C.
Author-Name: Sabioni, P.
Author-Name: van den Brink, W.
Author-Name: Le Foll, B.
Author-Name: Hall, W.
Author-Name: Rehm, J.
Author-Name: Room, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1277
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cannabis use is common in North America, especially among young people, and is associated with a risk of various acute and chronic adverse health outcomes. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, for example toward a national legalization policy in Canada, with the aim to improve public health, and thus require evidence-based interventions. As cannabis-related health outcomes may be influenced by behaviors that are modifiable by the user, evidence-based Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG)-akin to similar guidelines in other health fields-offer a valuable, targeted prevention tool to improve public health outcomes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Why i am opposed to the elimination of the sexual orientation question by the administration for community living
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greenlee, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1211-1212
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Spitzer et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Spitzer, S.A.
Author-Name: Staudenmayer, K.L.
Author-Name: Weiser, T.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oversampling in health surveys: Why, when, and how?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1214-1215
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: AJPH dossier on the erasure of the sexual orientation question from the national survey of older Americans act participants
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1203-1204
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Challenges and solutions to collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sell, R.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1212-1214
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Constant lethality of gunshot injuries from firearm assault: United States, 2003-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cook, P.J.
Author-Name: Rivera-Aguirre, A.E.
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Author-Name: Wintemute, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1324-1328
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the validity of the apparent downward trend in the national case-fatality rate for gunshot wounds from assault. Methods. We reanalyzed the estimated annual number of nonfatal firearm injuries the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported from 2003 to 2012. We adjusted the estimates for discontinuities created by the substitution of 1 hospital for another in the sample and for a downward trend in the percentage of gunshot injuries classified as "unknown circumstance." Firearm homicide data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Results. The unadjusted National Electronic Injury Surveillance System estimate increased by 49%, yielding a decline in the case-fatality rate from 25% to 18%. Our adjustments eliminated these trends; the case-fatality rate was 22% in both 2003 and 2012. Conclusions. With reasonable adjustments, the trend in nonfatal injuries from interpersonal firearms assault tracks the flat trend in firearms homicides, suggesting that there was no increase in firearms violence during this period. The case-fatality rate did not change, and trauma care improvements did not influence the firearms homicide trend.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the August 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1209-1210
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Underuse of chest radiography versus computed tomography for lung cancer screening
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Soneji, S.
Author-Name: Dang, R.
Author-Name: Yang, J.W.
Author-Name: Tanner, N.T.
Author-Name: Silvestri, G.A.
Author-Name: Black, W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1248-1250
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Recording sexual orientation in the UK: Pooling data for statistical power
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Semlyen, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1215-1217
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reasons for caution when emphasizing health disparities for sexual and gender minority adults in public health campaigns
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, J.G.L.
Author-Name: Martin, R.J.
Author-Name: Landrine, H.
Author-Name: Matthews, D.D.
Author-Name: Averett, P.E.
Author-Name: Niederdeppe, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: 1223-1225
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: All models are wrong; Some are useful
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Remington, P.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Pages: e28
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dissecting the complexities of the relationship between police Officer-Civilian race/ethnicity Dyads and less-than-lethal use of force
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jetelina, K.K.
Author-Name: Jennings, W.G.
Author-Name: Bishopp, S.A.
Author-Name: Piquero, A.R.
Author-Name: Reingle Gonzalez, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1164-1170
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807
Abstract: Objectives.To examine how sublethal use-of-force patterns vary across officer-civilian race/ethnicity while accounting for officer-, civilian-, and situational-level factors. Methods. We extracted cross-sectional data from 5630 use-of-force reports from the Dallas Police Department in 2014 and 2015. We categorized each officer-civilian interaction into race/ethnicity dyads.We used multilevel, mixed logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity dyads and the types of use of force. Results. Forty-eight percent of use-of-force interactions occurred between a White officer and a non-White civilian (White-non-White). In bivariate models, the odds of hard-empty hand control and intermediate weapon use were significantly higher among White-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. The bivariate odds of intermediate weapon use were also significantly higher among Black-Black, Hispanic-White, Black-Hispanic, and Hispanic-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. However, after we controlled for individual and situational factors, the relationship between race/ethnicity dyad and hard-empty hand control was no longer significant. Conclusions. Although we observed significant bivariate relationships between race/ethnicity dyads and use of force, these relationships largely dissipated after we controlled for other factors.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic disparities at the end of an HIV epidemic: Persons who inject drugs in New York City, 2011-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Des Jarlais, D.C.
Author-Name: Arasteh, K.
Author-Name: McKnight, C.
Author-Name: Feelemyer, J.
Author-Name: Tross, S.
Author-Name: Perlman, D.
Author-Name: Friedman, S.
Author-Name: Campbell, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1157-1163
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787
Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether racial/ethnic disparities persist at the "end of the HIV epidemic" (prevalence of untreated HIV infection < 5%; HIV incidence < 0.5 per 100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City. Methods.We recruited 2404 PWID entering New York City substance use treatment in 2001 to 2005 and 2011 to 2015. We conducted a structured interview, and testing for HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2; a biomarker for high sexual risk). We estimated incidence by using newly diagnosed cases of HIV. Disparity analyses compared HIV, untreated HIV, HIV-HSV-2 coinfection, HIV monoinfection, and estimated HIV incidence among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos. Results. By 2011 to 2015, Whites, African Americans, and Latino/as met both criteria of our operational "end-of-the-epidemic" definition. All comparisons that included HIV-HSV-2-coinfected persons had statistically significant higher rates of HIV among racial/ethnic minorities. No comparisons limited to HIV monoinfected persons were significant. Conclusions. "End-of-the-epidemic" criteria were met among White, African American, and Latino/a PWID in New York City, but elimination of disparities may require a greater focus on PWID with high sexual risk.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Inclusion of disability status in investigations of child maltreatment lifetime prevalence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McNew, M.E.
Author-Name: Garic, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the July 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1030-1031
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Potential issues with naloxone distribution in the community
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Serdarevic, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of the 2016 Ecuador earthquake on Zika virus cases
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vasquez, D.
Author-Name: Palacio, A.
Author-Name: Nuñez, J.
Author-Name: Briones, W.
Author-Name: Beier, J.C.
Author-Name: Pareja, D.C.
Author-Name: Tamariz, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1137-1142
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the April 2016 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Ecuador on the incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) cases. Methods. We used the national public health surveillance system for reportable transmissible conditions and included suspected and laboratory-confirmed ZIKV cases. Wecompared the number of cases before and after the earthquake in areas closer to and farther from the epicenter. Results. From January to July 2016, 2234 patients suspected of having ZIKV infection were reported in both affected and control areas. A total of 1110 patients had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, and 159 were positive for ZIKV. The cumulative incidence of ZIKV in the affected area was 11.1 per 100 000 after the earthquake. The odds ratio of having ZIKV infection in those living in the affected area was 8.0 (95% CI = 4.4, 14.6; P < .01) compared with the control area and adjusted for age, gender, province population, and number of government health care facilities. Conclusions. A spike in ZIKV cases occurred after the earthquake. Patients in the area closest to the epicenter had a delay in seeking care.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Risk analysis in the 21st century: Adapting to new challenges and opportunities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greenberg, M.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1020-1021
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Planned parenthood is health care, and health care must defend it: A call to action
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Silver, D.
Author-Name: Kapadia, F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1040-1041
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What public health practitioners need to know about unhealthy industry tactics
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rob Moodie, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1047-1049
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Applewhite and Sherman respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Applewhite, D.P.
Author-Name: Sherman, S.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: On the origins of the electronic cigarette: British American Tobacco's project ariel (1962-1967)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Risi, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1060-1067
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806
Abstract: Electronic cigarettes are advertised as the latest technological gadget-the smoking equivalent of smart phones. I challenge this sense of novelty by tracing their history to the 1960s, when researchers at British American Tobacco first recognized that smokers' brains were dependent on nicotine. This discovery enabled British American Tobacco to develop a novel kind of smoking device under the codename "Ariel" between 1962 and 1967. Whereas filters were meant to eliminate specific harmful constituents of tobacco smoke, Project Ariel tried to reduce smoking to its alkaloid essence: nicotine. By heating instead of burning tobacco, the scientists working on Ariel managed to produce an aerosol smoking device that delivered nicotine with very little tar while retaining the look and feel of a cigarette. However, after receiving two patents for Ariel, British American Tobacco ultimately decided to abandon the project to avoid endangering cigarettes, its main product. Today, as ecigarettes are surging in popularity, it is worth revisiting Ariel because it is not just an episode in the history of aerosol smoking devices but its starting point.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Shelter-based opioid treatment: Increasing access to addiction treatment in a family shelter
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chatterjee, A.
Author-Name: Obando, A.
Author-Name: Strickland, E.
Author-Name: Nestler, A.
Author-Name: Harrington-Levey, R.
Author-Name: Williams, T.
Author-Name: LaCoursiere-Zucchero, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1092-1094
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trauma, psychopathology, and the refugee crisis: A call to action
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Seddio, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1044-1045
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 53 low-and middle-income countries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yang, L.
Author-Name: Bovet, P.
Author-Name: Liu, Y.
Author-Name: Zhao, M.
Author-Name: Ma, C.
Author-Name: Liang, Y.
Author-Name: Xi, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1095-1100
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762
Abstract: Objectives. To compare consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents in 53 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods. We used 2009 to 2013 Global School-based Student Health Survey data to assess 137 449 young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years with available data (via a standardized questionnaire) on frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption. Results. Overall, young adolescents reported having consumed carbonated soft drinks 1.39 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 1.51), and 54.3% of adolescents reported consuming a carbonated soft drink at least once per day. Frequency (times per day) varied greatly across countries, ranging from 0.52 (95% CI = 0.43, 0.60) in Kiribati to 2.39 (95% CI = 2.25, 2.53) in Suriname. Conclusions.Ourdata confirmthat consumption of carbonated soft drinks is frequentamong young adolescents in LMICs.Ourfindings highlight the need for interventions in these countries to reduce adolescents' carbonated soft drink consumption.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Minimum stocking requirements for retailers in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children: Disparities across US states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pelletier, J.E.
Author-Name: Schreiber, L.R.N.
Author-Name: Laska, M.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1171-1174
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809
Abstract: Objectives. To examine state variation in minimum stocking requirements for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)-authorized small food retailers. Methods. We obtained minimum stocking requirements for 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2017 from WIC Web pages or e-mail from the state WIC agency. We developed a coding protocol to compare minimum quantities and varieties required for 12 food and beverage categories. We calculated the median, range, and interquartile range for each measure. Results. Nearly all states set minimum varieties and quantities of fruits and vegetables, 100% juice, whole grain-rich foods, breakfast cereal, milk, cheese, eggs, legumes, and peanut butter. Fewer states set requirements for canned fish, yogurt, and tofu. Most measures had a large range in minimum requirements (e.g., $8-$100 of fruits and vegetables, 60-144 oz of breakfast cereal). Conclusions. WIC-participating retailers must adhere to very different minimum stocking requirements across states, which may result in disparities in food and beverage products available to WIC recipients. Public Health Implications. The results provide benchmarks that can inform new local, state, and federal program and policy efforts to increase healthy food availability in retail settings.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hosting Syrian refugees: Resources exist in our communities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bouhmam, H.
Author-Name: Boothe, D.
Author-Name: George, D.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1013
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of the affordable care act on disparities in breastfeeding: The case of Maine
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hawkins, S.S.
Author-Name: Noble, A.
Author-Name: Baum, C.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1119-1121
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the Affordable Care Act (ACA) breastfeeding provision and test whether changes in coverage affected women differently according to health insurance status. Methods. We used the All-Payer Claims Database from Maine (2012-2014) to compare health insurance claims for lactation classes and breast pumps between women with private insurance and women with Medicaid (1) before the ACA breastfeeding provision, (2) after the provision came into effect, and (3) after health insurance expansion through the Marketplace. Results. We found limited change in claims for lactation classes over the study period. By contrast, the number of claims for breast pumps among women with private insurance increased from 70 claims in the third quarter of 2012 to 629 claims 1 year later and 803 claims in the third quarter of 2014. Women with Medicaid had only 11 claims for breast pumps over the entire study period. Conclusions. This 11-fold rise in claims for breast pumps by women with private insurance suggests that these women will likely increase breastfeeding initiation or duration; however, without additional support for women with Medicaid, disparities in breastfeeding may increase.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increasing walking in the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta international Airport: The walk to fly study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fulton, J.E.
Author-Name: Frederick, G.M.
Author-Name: Paul, P.
Author-Name: Omura, J.D.
Author-Name: Carlson, S.A.
Author-Name: Dorn, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1143-1149
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766
Abstract: Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a point-of-decision intervention to prompt walking, versus motorized transport, in a large metropolitan airport. Methods. We installed point-of-decision prompt signage at 4 locations in the airport transportation mall at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (Atlanta, GA) at the connecting corridor between airport concourses. Six ceiling-mounted infrared sensors counted travelers entering and exiting the study location. We collected traveler counts from June 2013 to May 2016 when construction was present and absent (preintervention period: June 2013-September 2014; postintervention period: September 2014-May 2016).Weused a model that incorporated weekly walking variation to estimate the intervention effect on walking. Results. There was an 11.0% to 16.7% relative increase in walking in the absence of airport construction where 580 to 810 more travelers per day chose to walk. Through May 2016, travelers completed 390 000 additional walking trips. Conclusions. TheWalk to Fly study demonstrated a significant and sustained increase in the numberof airport travelers choosingtowalk.Providingsignageaboutoptions towalk in busy locations where reasonable walking options are available may improve population levelsofphysical activity andtherefore improvepublic health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Firearm-related laws in all 50 US States, 1991-2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Siegel, M.
Author-Name: Pahn, M.
Author-Name: Xuan, Z.
Author-Name: Ross, C.S.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Kalesan, B.
Author-Name: Fleegler, E.
Author-Name: Goss, K.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1122-1129
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701
Abstract: Objectives. To describe a new database containing detailed annual information on firearm-related laws in place in each of the 50 US states from 1991 to 2016 and to summarize key trends in firearm-related laws during this time period. Methods. Using Thomson Reuters Westlaw data to access historical state statutes and session laws, we developed a database indicating the presence or absence of each of 133 provisions of firearm laws in each state over the 26-year period. These provisions covered 14 aspects of state policies, including regulation of the process by which firearm transfers take place, ammunition, firearm possession, firearm storage, firearm trafficking, and liability of firearm manufacturers. Results. An examination of trends in state firearm laws via this database revealed that although the number of laws nearly doubled during the study period, there was substantial heterogeneity across states, leading to a widening disparity in the number of firearm laws. Conclusions. This database can help advance firearm policy research by providing 26 years of comprehensive policy data that will allow longitudinal panel study designs that minimize the limitations present in many previous studies.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Use of a digital health application for influenza surveillance in China
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hswen, Y.
Author-Name: Brownstein, J.S.
Author-Name: Liu, J.
Author-Name: Hawkins, J.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1130-1136
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767
Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether a commercial digital health application could support influenza surveillance in China. Methods. We retrieved data from the Thermia online and mobile educational tool, which allows parents to monitor their children's fever and infectious febrile illnesses including influenza. We modeled monthly aggregated influenza-like illness case counts from Thermia users over time and compared them against influenza monthly case counts obtained from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China by using time series regression analysis. We retrieved 44 999 observations from January 2014 through July 2016 from Thermia China. Results. Thermia appeared to predict influenza outbreaks 1 month earlier than the National Health and Family Planning Commission influenza surveillance system (P = .046). Being younger, not having up-to-date immunizations, and having an underlying health condition were associated with participant-reported influenza-like illness. Conclusions. Digital health applications could supplement traditional influenza surveillance systems in China by providing access to consumers' symptom reporting. Growing popularity and use of commercial digital health applications in China potentially affords opportunities to support disease detection and monitoring and rapid treatment mobilization.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in school-related victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths-Massachusetts, 1995-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Olsen, E.O.
Author-Name: Vivolo-Kantor, A.M.
Author-Name: Kann, L.
Author-Name: Milligan, C.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1116-1118
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761
Abstract: Objectives. To compare changes over time in prevalence of school victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students compared with heterosexual students. Methods. We analyzed data from 11 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted among representative samples of students in grades 9 through 12 in Massachusetts during 1995 to 2015. Weused multivariable logistic regressionmodels to identify trends over time by sexual identity. Results. During 1995 to 2015, the prevalence of missing school decreased overall (from 5.6% to 4.8%) and among heterosexual (from 4.3% to 3.8%) and LGB (from 25.0%to 13.4%) students. The prevalence of having been threatened decreased overall (from 7.8% to 4.1%) and among heterosexual (from 6.5% to 3.5%) and LGB (from 32.9% to 6.7%) students. Conclusions.Weidentified evidence of a significant decrease in victimization among all students regardless of sexual identity and a steep decline among LGB students. Additional actions to improve school climate may help eliminate the disparities and decrease victimization for all youths.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health research priorities to address US human trafficking
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rothman, E.F.
Author-Name: Stoklosa, H.
Author-Name: Baldwin, S.B.
Author-Name: Chisolm-Straker, M.
Author-Name: Price, R.K.
Author-Name: Atkinson, H.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1045-1047
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Soda consumption among adolescents: Implications for lowand middle-income countries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Singh, G.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1025-1027
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: An approach to assess the burden of work-related injury, disease, and distress
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Schulte, P.A.
Author-Name: Pana-Cryan, R.
Author-Name: Schnorr, T.
Author-Name: Schill, A.L.
Author-Name: Guerin, R.
Author-Name: Felknor, S.
Author-Name: Wagner, G.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1051-1057
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765
Abstract: The true burden (morbidity, mortality, disability, cost, pain, distress) of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries is unknown, and what is reported as burden is significantly underestimated. This underestimation affects the way decision-makers view investments in research and worker protection, which in turn has a substantial impact on national welfare and public health. To better describe the societal and individual burdens of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, we propose an approach to gaugewhat is known about burden and where new assessments may be made. This approach consists of 4 elements to consider in burden assessments: (1) utilizing multiple domains, including the individual worker, the worker's family, the community in which the workplace is located, the employer, and society as a whole; (2) taking a broader view of the workrelatedness of disease and injury; (3) assessing the impact of the entire working-life continuum; and (4) applying the comprehensive concept of "well-being" as an indicator in addressing contemporary changes in the nature of work, the workplace, and the workforce. Further research on burden and enhanced surveillance is needed to develop these elements.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluating public health interventions: 6. Modeling ratios or differences? let the data tell us
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Spiegelman, D.
Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1087-1091
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810
Abstract: We provide an overview of the relative merits of ratio measures (relative risks, risk ratios, and rate ratios) compared with difference measures (risk and rate differences). We discuss evidence that the multiplicative model often fits the data well, so that rarely are interactions with other risk factors for the outcome observed when one uses a logistic, relative risk, or Cox regression model to estimate the intervention effect. As a consequence, additive models, which estimate the risk or rate difference, will often exhibit interactions. Under these circumstances, absolute measures of effect, such as years of life lost, disability-or quality-adjusted years of life lost, and number needed to treat, will not be externally generalizable to populations other than those with similar risk factor distributions as the population in which the intervention effect was estimated. Nevertheless, these absolute measures are often of the greatest importance in public health decision-making. When studies of high-risk study populations are used to more efficiently estimate effects, these populations will not be representative of the general population's risk factor distribution. The relative homogeneity of ratio versus absolute measures will thus have important implications for the generalizability of results across populations.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Educational disparities in adult disability: Person, place, policies, and family
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jagger, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1021-1022
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Guan and Li respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guan, J.
Author-Name: Li, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: "Alien" health care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Caplan, A.L.
Author-Name: Bateman-House, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1029-1030
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Physical activity and physical and mental well-being in church settings
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Van Der Weele, T.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1023-1024
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Violence against women and household ownership of radios, computers, and phones in 20 countries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cardoso, L.F.
Author-Name: Sorenson, S.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1175-1181
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808
Abstract: Objectives.To examine the relationship between household ownership of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and justifications for wife beating. Methods. Women aged 15 to 49 years in 20 countries were surveyed via UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys between 2006 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regressions accounted for individual-, household-, and structural-level variables. Results. Household ownership of any ICT (radio, computer, fixed phone, or mobile phone but not television) was associated with increased odds of women rejecting wife beating. The largest association was with computer ownership: women in homes with a computer were more likely to reject wife beating (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.81; 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69, 1.93). Number of ICTs was important: women in households with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ICTs (vs 0) were more likely to reject wife-beating justifications (AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.17]; AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.18]; AOR = 1.19 [97.5% CI = 1.11, 1.29]; AOR = 1.71 [97.5% CI = 1.54, 1.88]; and AOR = 2.85 [97.5% CI = 2.48, 3.26]; respectively). Conclusions. Independent of household wealth, country development, and other sociodemographic factors, the more ICTs in a household, the more likely that women will reject wife-beating justifications. Policymakers and program planners should consider potential implications of ICT access relatingto intimatepartner violence.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Injury mortality in autism
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fluegge, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: US Hospital awards and community health improvement
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Poku, M.K.
Author-Name: Blum, A.B.
Author-Name: Sharfstein, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1076-1077
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Foodborne disease outbreaks in correctional institutions-United States, 1998-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marlow, M.A.
Author-Name: Luna-Gierke, R.E.
Author-Name: Griffin, P.M.
Author-Name: Vieira, A.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1150-1156
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816
Abstract: Objectives. To present the first update on the epidemiology of US foodborne correctional institution outbreaks in 20 years. Methods. We analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System to describe correctional institution outbreaks from 1998 to 2014 and compare them with other foodborne outbreaks. Results.Two hundred foodborne outbreaks in correctional institutions were reported, resulting in 20 625 illnesses, 204 hospitalizations, and 5 deaths. Median number of outbreak-associated illnesses per 100 000 population per year was 45 (range = 11-141) compared with 7 (range = 4-10) for other outbreaks. These outbreaks accounted for 6% (20 625 of 358 330) of outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Thirty-seven states reported at least 1 outbreak in a correctional institution. Clostridium perfringens (28%; 36 of 128) was the most frequently reported single etiology. The most frequently reported contributing factor was food remaining at room temperature (37%; 28 of 76). Conclusions. Incarceratedpersons suffer adisproportionatenumberof outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Better food safety oversight and regulation in correctional food services could decrease outbreaks. Public Health Implications. Public health officials, correctional officials, and food suppliers can work together for food safety. Clearer jurisdiction over regulation of correctional food services is needed.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Chemical risk assessment: Traditional vs public health perspectives
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gwinn, M.R.
Author-Name: Axelrad, D.A.
Author-Name: Bahadori, T.
Author-Name: Bussard, D.
Author-Name: Cascio, W.E.
Author-Name: Deener, K.
Author-Name: Dix, D.
Author-Name: Thomas, R.S.
Author-Name: Kavlock, R.J.
Author-Name: Burke, T.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1032-1039
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771
Abstract: Preventing adverse health effects of environmental chemical exposure is fundamental to protecting individual and public health. When done efficiently and properly, chemical risk assessment enables risk management actions that minimize the incidence and effects of environmentally induced diseases related to chemical exposure. However, traditional chemical risk assessment is faced with multiple challenges with respect to predicting and preventing disease in human populations, and epidemiological studies increasingly report observations of adverse health effects at exposure levels predicted from animal studies to be safe for humans. This discordance reinforces concerns about the adequacy of contemporary risk assessment practices for protecting public health. It is becoming clear that to protect public health more effectively, future risk assessments will need to use the full range of available data, draw on innovative methods to integrate diverse data streams, and consider health endpoints that also reflect the range of subtle effects and morbidities observed in human populations. Considering these factors, there is a need to reframe chemical risk assessment to be more clearly aligned with the public health goal of minimizing environmental exposures associated with disease.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The lead battery: A growing global public health challenge
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gottesfeld, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1049-1050
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fe en Acción: Promoting physical activity among churchgoing Latinas
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Arredondo, E.M.
Author-Name: Elder, J.P.
Author-Name: Haughton, J.
Author-Name: Slymen, D.J.
Author-Name: Sallis, J.F.
Author-Name: Perez, L.G.
Author-Name: Serrano, N.
Author-Name: Parra, M.T.
Author-Name: Valdivia, R.
Author-Name: Ayala, G.X.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1109-1115
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a faith-based intervention to promote physical activity in Latinas. Methods. We randomized 16 churches in San Diego County, California, to a physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (n = 436). The intervention followed an ecological framework and involved promotoras.We examined 12-month intervention effects, including accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. We conducted the study from 2010 to 2016. Results. Mixed effects analyses showed significant increases in accelerometer-based MVPA (effect size = 0.25) and self-report leisure-time MVPA (effect size = 0.38) among Latinas in the intervention versus comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition had about 66% higher odds of meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, had reduced body mass index (effect size = 0.23), and used more behavioral strategies for engaging in physical activity (effect size = 0.42). Program attendance was associated with increased self-reported leisure-time MVPA and the number of motivational interviewing calls was associated with meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions. A faith-based intervention was effective in increasing MVPA and decreasing body mass index among participants. Process analyses showed the value of program attendance andmotivational interviewing calls.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Review of recent methodological developments in group-randomized trials: Part 2-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Turner, E.L.
Author-Name: Prague, M.
Author-Name: Gallis, J.A.
Author-Name: Li, F.
Author-Name: Murray, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1078-1086
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707
Abstract: In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have updated that review with developments in analysis of the past 13 years, with a companion article to focus on developments in design. We discuss developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., methods for parallel-arm GRTs, individually randomized group-treatment trials, and missing data) and in new topics, including methods to account for multiple-level clustering and alternative estimation methods (e.g., augmented generalized estimating equations, targeted maximum likelihood, and quadratic inference functions). In addition, we describe developments in analysis of alternative group designs (including stepped-wedge GRTs, networkrandomized trials, and pseudocluster randomized trials), which require clustering to be accounted for in their design and analysis.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Increasing availability of prevention to communities disproportionately affected by HIV
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McCree, D.H.
Author-Name: Purcell, D.W.
Author-Name: Cleveland, J.C.
Author-Name: Brooks, J.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1027-1028
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Donald trump, the police, and mental health in US cities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: DeVylder, J.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1042-1043
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fostering a public health of consequence: Practical skills and lessons learned
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greenberg, A.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1058-1059
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Firearm legislation and fatal police shootings in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kivisto, A.J.
Author-Name: Ray, B.
Author-Name: Phalen, P.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1068-1075
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770
Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether stricter firearm legislation is associated with rates of fatal police shootings. Methods. We used a cross-sectional, state-level design to evaluate the effect of state-level firearm legislation on rates of fatal police shootings from January 1, 2015, through October 31, 2016. We measured state-level variation in firearm laws with legislative scorecards from the Brady Center, and for fatal police shootings we used The Counted, an online database maintained by The Guardian. Results. State-level firearm legislation was significantly associated with lower rates of fatal police shootings (incidence rate ratio = 0.961; 95% confidence interval = 0.939, 0.984). When we controlled for sociodemographic factors, states in the top quartile of legislative strength had a 51% lower incidence rate than did states in the lowest quartile. Laws aimed at strengthening background checks, promoting safe storage, and reducing gun trafficking were associated with fewer fatal police shootings. Conclusions. Legislative restrictions on firearms are associated with reductions in fatal police shootings. Public Health Implications. Although further research is necessary to determine causality and potential mechanisms, firearm legislation is a potential policy solution for reducing fatal police shootings in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disparities in disability by educational attainment across US states
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Montez, J.K.
Author-Name: Zajacova, A.
Author-Name: Hayward, M.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 1101-1108
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768
Abstract: Objectives. To examine how disparities in adult disability by educational attainment vary across US states. Methods. We used the nationally representative data of more than 6 million adults aged 45 to 89 years in the 2010-2014 American Community Survey. We defined disability as difficulty with activities of daily living. We categorized education as low (less than high school), mid (high school or some college), or high (bachelor's or higher). We estimated age-standardized disability prevalence by educational attainment and state. We assessed whether the variation in disability across states occurs primarily among low-educated adults and whether it reflects the socioeconomic resources of low-educated adults and their surrounding contexts. Results. Disparities in disability by education vary markedly across states-from a 20 percentage point disparity in Massachusetts to a 12-point disparity in Wyoming. Disparities vary across states mainly because the prevalence of disability among loweducated adults varies across states. Personal and contextual socioeconomic resources of low-educated adults account for 29% of the variation. Conclusions. Efforts to reduce disparities in disability by education should consider state and local strategies that reduce poverty among low-educated adults and their surrounding contexts.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Restrictions of hepatitis C treatment for substance-using medicaid patients: Cost versus ethics
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Liao, J.M.
Author-Name: Fischer, M.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 893-899
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748
Abstract: Medicaid programs provide health insurance coverage for many patients with hepatitis C, a public health problem for which effective but very expensive treatments are now available. Facing constrained budgets, most states adopted prior authorization criteria for sofosbuvir, the first of these agents. Using fee-for-service utilization data from 42 Medicaid programs in 2014, we found that strict behavioral criteria - those that limited coverage on the basis of drug or alcohol use and included specific abstinence or treatment requirements - were associated with significantly less spending on sofosbuvir. Despite the potential cost savings, such criteria raise troubling questions in terms of public health as well as medical ethics, clinical evidence, and potentially federal law. Decision-makers should reject these requirements in Medicaid coverage policy and pursue national and state policy strategies to balance short-term budgetary realities with longterm public health benefits.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of outreach messages on Medicaid Enrollment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hom, J.K.
Author-Name: Stillson, C.
Author-Name: Grande, D.
Author-Name: Rosin, R.
Author-Name: Cahill, R.
Author-Name: Kruger, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S71-S73
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845
Abstract: Objectives.To measure the impact of different outreach messages on health insurance enrollment among Medicaid-eligible adults. Methods. Between March 2015 and April 2016, we conducted a series of experiments using mail-based outreach that encouraged individuals to enroll in Pennsylvania's expanded Medicaid program. Recipients were randomized to receive 1 of 4 different messages describing the benefits of health insurance. The primary outcome was the response rate to each letter. Results. We mailed outreach letters to 32 993 adults in Philadelphia. Messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were significantly more likely to result in a response than messages emphasizing the health benefits (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.61). Conclusions. Medicaid enrollment outreach messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were more effective than those that emphasized the healthrelated benefits. Public Health Implications. Although the structure and eligibility of the Medicaid program are likely to change, testing and identifying successful outreach and enrollment strategies remains important. Outreach messages that emphasize dental benefits may be more effective at motivating enrollment among individuals of low socioeconomic status.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A typical day with mild cognitive impairment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hailu, T.
Author-Name: Cannuscio, C.C.
Author-Name: Dupuis, R.
Author-Name: Karlawish, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 927-928
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The 2014 Mid-Maryland mission of Mercy Dental Clinic: Building community capacity and complementing public policy
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Thomas, S.B.
Author-Name: Passmore, S.R.
Author-Name: Jackson, D.N.
Author-Name: Casper, E.
Author-Name: Horowitz, A.M.
Author-Name: Nalls, J.
Author-Name: Kleinman, D.V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S74-S76
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Humanitarian needs among displaced and female-headed households in government-controlled areas of Syria
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Doocy, S.
Author-Name: Lyles, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 950-959
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710
Abstract: Objectives. To identify unmet needs and assistance priorities of displaced and female-headed households in government-controlled areas of Syria. Methods. In mid-2016, we undertook a survey of accessible areas, largely urban and government-controlled, to identify unmet needs and assistance priorities. We used a cluster design with probability sampling to attain a final sample of 2405 households from 10 of 14 governorates; 31 of 65 (47.7%) districts were included that are home to 38.1% of people in need. Results. Displaced and female-headed households were more vulnerable than nondisplaced and male-headed households in numerous sectors. Despite approximately half of surveyed households reporting receipt of humanitarian assistance in the preceding month and apparently effective targeting of assistance by vulnerability, unmet needs were nearly ubiquitous. Conclusions.The humanitarian situation in inaccessible areas of Syria is likely to be considerably worse; thus, findings presented here likely underestimate humanitarian needs. Efforts to expand support to Syria's most vulnerable households are desperately needed as are innovative targeting and modalities that enable more efficient and effective assistance. (AmJ Public Health. 2017;107:950-959.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Medicaid expansion and ACA repeal: Evidence from Ohio
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Seiber, E.E.
Author-Name: Berman, M.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 889-892
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the health insurance coverage options for Medicaid expansion enrollees if the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is repealed, using evidence from Ohio, where more than half a million adults have enrolled in the state's Medicaid program through the ACA expansion. Methods. The Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey interviewed 42 000 households in 2015. We report data from a unique battery of questions designed to identify insurance coverage immediately prior to Medicaid enrollment. Results. Ninety-five percent of new Medicaid enrollees in Ohio did not have a private health insurance option immediately before enrollment. These new enrollees are predominantly older, low-income Whites with a high school education or less. Only 5% of new Medicaid enrollees were eligible for an employer-sponsored insurance plan to which they could potentially return in the case of repeal of the ACA. Conclusions. The vast majority of Medicaid expansion enrollees would have no plausible pathway to obtaining private-sector insurance if the ACA were repealed. Demographic similarities between the expansion population and 2016 exit polls suggest that coverage losses would fall disproportionately on members of the winning Republican coalition.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health and medicine integration: Overcoming historical artifact to relieve suffering
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Martin, S.A.
Author-Name: Simon, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S30-S31
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Measures of local segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Author-Name: Waterman, P.D.
Author-Name: Batra, N.
Author-Name: Murphy, J.S.
Author-Name: Dooley, D.P.
Author-Name: Shah, S.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 903-906
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the use of local measures of segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments. Methods. We analyzed preterm birth and premature mortality (death before the age of 65 years) rates for Boston, Massachusetts, for 2010 to 2012, using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and the poverty rate at both the census tract and neighborhood level. Results. For premature mortality at the census tract level, the rate ratios comparing the worst-off and best-off terciles were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.83) for the ICE for income, 1.66 (95% CI = 1.43, 1.93) for the ICE for race/ethnicity, and 1.63 (95% CI = 1.40, 1.90) for the ICE combining income and race/ethnicity, as compared with 1.47 (95% CI = 1.27, 1.71) for the poverty measure. Results for the ICE and poverty measures were more similar for preterm births than for premature mortality. Conclusions. The ICE, a measure of social spatial polarization, may be useful for analyzing health inequities at the local level. Public Health Implications. Local health departments in US cities can meaningfully use the ICE to monitor health inequities associated with racialized economic segregation.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Major gun death declines innewyork, California, and Texas
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Males, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Note from the Editor-in-Chief: Who Wants to Exclude Older LGBT Persons from Public Health Surveillance?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 844-845
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Vanderweele and Koenig respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J.
Author-Name: Koenig, H.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Growing momentum for sugar-sweetened beverage campaigns and policies: Costs and considerations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Falbe, J.
Author-Name: Madsen, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 835-838
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Review of recent methodological developments in group-randomized trials: Part 1 - Design
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Turner, E.L.
Author-Name: Li, F.
Author-Name: Gallis, J.A.
Author-Name: Prague, M.
Author-Name: Murray, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 907-915
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706
Abstract: In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have highlighted the developments of the past 13 years in design with a companion article to focus on developments in analysis. As a pair, these articles update the 2004 review. We have discussed developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., clustering, matching, and individually randomized group-treatment trials) and in new topics, including constrained randomization and a range of randomized designs that are alternatives to the standard parallel-arm GRT. These include the stepped-wedge GRT, the pseudocluster randomized trial, and the network-randomized GRT, which, like the parallel-arm GRT, require clustering to be accounted for in both their design and analysis.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The influence of college attendance on risk for marijuana initiation in the United States: 1977 to 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Miech, R.A.
Author-Name: Patrick, M.E.
Author-Name: O'Malley, P.M.
Author-Name: Johnston, L.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 996-1002
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745
Abstract: Objectives. To examine a potential increase in marijuana initiation among US college students as compared with their age peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the United States. Methods. Data come from the Monitoring the Future study, which has followed longitudinal panels drawn from annual nationally representative, baseline samples of 12th-grade students starting with the class of 1976.We studied panel members aged 19 to 22 years who had never used marijuana by 12th grade between 1977 and 2015. Results. College as a risk factor for marijuana initiation has increased significantly since 2013. The increased probability of past-year marijuana use for those enrolled versus not enrolled in college was 51% in 2015, 41% in 2014, and 31% in 2013; it averaged 17% to 22% from 1977 to 2012 among youths who had never used marijuana by 12th grade. Conclusions. College has grown as a risk factor for marijuana initiation since 2013. Public Health Implications. College students are in position to usher in new increases in population marijuana use unless colleges soon address the issue with new or modified programs for marijuana prevention and intervention. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:996-1002.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State preemption: A significant and quiet threat to public health in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pomeranz, J.L.
Author-Name: Pertschuk, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 900-902
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756
Abstract: State and local governments traditionally protect the health and safety of their populations more strenuously than does the federal government. Preemption, when a higher level of government restricts or withdraws the authority of a lower level of government to act on a particular issue, was historically used as a point of negotiation in the legislative process. More recently, however, 3 new preemption-related issues have emerged that have direct implications for public health. First, multiple industries are working on a 50-state strategy to enact state laws preempting local regulation. Second, legislators supporting preemptive state legislation often do not support adopting meaningful state health protections and enact preemptive legislation to weaken protections or halt progress. Third, states have begun adopting enhanced punishments for localities and individual local officials for acting outside the confines of preemption. These actions have direct implications for health and cover such topics as increased minimum wages, paid family and sick leave, firearm safety, and nutrition policies. Stakeholders across public health fields and disciplines should join together in advocacy, action, research, and education to support and maintain local public health infrastructures and protections.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Using registered dental hygienists to Promote a School-Based Approach to Dental Public Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simmer-Beck, M.
Author-Name: Wellever, A.
Author-Name: Kelly, P.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S56-S60
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662
Abstract: We examine a strategy for improving oral health in the United States by focusing on lowincome children in school-based settings. Vulnerable children often experience cultural, social, economic, structural, and geographic barriers when trying to access dental services in traditional dental office settings. These disparities have been discussed for more than a decade in multiple US Department of Health and Human Services publications. One solution is to revise dental practice acts to allow registered dental hygienists increased scope of services, expanded public health delivery opportunities, and decreased dentist supervision. We provide examples of how federallyqualifiedhealthcenters have implemented successful school-based dental models within the parameters of two state policies that allow registered dental hygienists varying levels of dentist supervision. Changes to dental practice acts at the state level allowing registered dental hygienists to practice with limited supervision in community settings, such as schools, may provide vulnerable populations greater access to screening andpreventive services. We derive our recommendations from expert opinion. (Am J Public Health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Getting the incentives right: Improving oral health equity with Universal School-Based Caries Prevention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Niederman, R.
Author-Name: Huang, S.S.
Author-Name: Trescher, A.-L.
Author-Name: Listl, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S50-S55
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614
Abstract: Despite significant financial, training, and program investments, US children's caries experience and inequities continued to increase over the last 20 years. We posit that (1) dental insurance payment systems are not aligned with the current best evidence, exacerbating inequities, and (2) system redesign could meet health care's triple aim and reduce children's caries by 80%. On the basis of 2013 to 2016 Medicaid and private payment rates and the caries prevention literature, we find that effective preventive interventions are either (1) consistently compensated less than ineffective interventions or (2) not compensated at all. This economic and clinical misalignment may account for underuse of effective caries prevention and subsequent overuse of restorative care. We propose universal schoolbased comprehensive caries prevention to address this misalignment. Preliminary modeling suggests that universal caries prevention could eliminate 80% of children's caries and cost less than one fifth of current Medicaid children's oral health spending. If implemented with bundled payments based on cycle of care and measurable outcomes, therewould be an alignment of incentives, best evidence, care, and outcomes. Such a program wouldmeet the Healthy People Oral Health goals for children, as well as health care's triple aim.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing the Field of Public Health Surveillance and Survey Methods
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lau, D.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 822
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving access to oral health services among uninsured and underserved populations: First Health Dental Care Centers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Harrell, S.N.
Author-Name: Ro, M.
Author-Name: Hartsock, L.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S48-S49
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental-related use of hospital emergency departments by Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Serna, C.A.
Author-Name: Arevalo, O.
Author-Name: Tomar, S.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S88-S93
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746
Abstract: Objectives. To examine differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida in the dental-related use of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods. We used ambulatory ED discharge records from 2013 to 2015 to compute rates of EDvisits for dental complaints per 10 000 population, by region, age, gender, and the percentage distribution visits by primary payer, day of the week, and hour of arrival. Results. There were 64 100 ED visits for dental complaints by Hispanics and 425 162 by non-Hispanics. Medicaid was the most common primary payer for Hispanics (42.2%) and for non-Hispanics (38.1%). Rates of ED utilization for dental problems per 10 000 population were 45.5 for Hispanics and 95.2 for non-Hispanics. Conclusions. Rates of ED utilization for dental problems were different between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Public Health Implications. Effective interventions need to be developed in the context of a social-ecological model to better understand factors such as health, economics, and education, among others. Understanding and intervening with the individual, communities, and policy could help to modify behaviors and improve access to dental care.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dissemination and Implementation Research: From a Reporting Framework to Precision Medicine
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chambers, D.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 839-840
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health approach to hepatitis c in an urban setting
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Laraque, F.
Author-Name: Varma, J.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 922-926
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718
Abstract: The clinical consequences of HCV infection are increasing because the population with the highest prevalence of the infection, persons born between 1945 and 1965, is aging. As a result, health care expenditures are expected to increase. Now that a cure for HCV infection is the norm, a public health approach is necessary to identify, link to care, and treat infected persons and prevent new infections. We believe that the success of public health interventions, such as those for tuberculosis, can be translated to HCV infection. New York City has many HCV-infected residents and has developed a public health approach to controlling the HCV epidemic. It encompasses surveillance and monitoring, case finding, linkage to care, care coordination, increasing clinical provider capacity for screening and treatment, increasing public awareness, and primary prevention.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Machine learning for social services: A study of prenatal case management in Illinois
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pan, I.
Author-Name: Nolan, L.B.
Author-Name: Brown, R.R.
Author-Name: Khan, R.
Author-Name: Van Der Boor, P.
Author-Name: Harris, D.G.
Author-Name: Ghani, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 938-944
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the positive predictive value of machine learning algorithms for early assessment of adverse birth risk among pregnant women as a means of improving the allocation of social services. Methods. We used administrative data for 6457 women collected by the Illinois Department of Human Services from July 2014 to May 2015 to develop a machine learning model for adverse birth prediction and improve upon the existing paper-based risk assessment. We compared different models and determined the strongest predictors of adverse birth outcomes using positive predictive value as the metric for selection. Results. Machine learning algorithms performed similarly, outperforming the current paper-based risk assessment by up to 36%; a refined paper-based assessment outperformed the current assessment by up to 22%.We estimate that these improvements will allow 100 to 170 additional high-risk pregnant women screened for program eligibility each year to receive services that would have otherwise been unobtainable. Conclusions. Our analysis exhibits the potential for machine learning to move government agencies toward a more data-informed approach to evaluating risk and providing social services. Overall, such efforts will improve the efficiency of allocating resource-intensive interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in fighting and violence among adolescents in the United States, 2002-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Salas-Wright, C.P.
Author-Name: Nelson, E.J.
Author-Name: Vaughn, M.G.
Author-Name: Gonzalez, J.M.R.
Author-Name: Córdova, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 977-982
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743
Abstract: Objectives.To examine trends in and correlates of fighting and violence among youths from the 3 largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods. We derived race/ethnicity-specific prevalence estimates for fighting, group fighting, and attacks with intent to harm from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a population-based study of youths aged 12 to 17 years. Results. The prevalence of youth fighting and violence decreased significantly in all racial/ethnic groups over the study period (2002-2014), dropping from a high of 33.6% in 2003 to a low of 23.7% in 2014, reflecting a 29% decrease in the relative proportion of young people involved in these behaviors. However, there was also a clear severity gradient in which year-by-year point estimates for fighting and violence were consistently highest among non-Hispanic African American youths, followed by Hispanic and then non-Hispanic White youths. Conclusions. Although fighting and violence are on the decline among young people in general and across racial/ethnic subgroups, there is a stable pattern of disparities in youth involvement in these behaviors. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:977-982.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Indian country leads national movement to knock down barriers to oral health equity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cladoosby, B.
Author-Name: Peters, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S81-S84
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663
Abstract: Tribal and other underserved communities are struggling under the weight of devastating oral health disparities. Tribes as sovereign nations are searching for innovative solutions to address their unique barriers to oral health care. Dental therapists are primary oral health providers who work as part of the dental team to provide a limited scope of services to patients. They were first brought to tribal communities by the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. Despite strong opposition from the American Dental Association aimed at protecting its monopoly on oral health care, dental therapists are sweeping the nation. Evidence shows that they are effective and provide highquality care, particularly in underserved communities. A community's ability to develop public health policy solutions tailored to its needs and priorities is essential in eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community is leading the way to more effective and efficient dental teams and working hard to lay the groundwork for the elimination of oral health disparities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Overview of Asian American data collection, release, and analysis: National health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2018
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Paulose-Ram, R.
Author-Name: Burt, V.
Author-Name: Broitman, L.
Author-Name: Ahluwalia, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 916-921
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815
Abstract: Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children. Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample representative of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. NHANES includes in-home interviews, physical examinations, and biospecimen collection. About 5000 persons are examined annually. Since 2011, NHANES has been oversampling Asian Americans in addition to traditionally oversampled groups, including Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. Data Analysis/Dissemination. Data are publicly released online in 2-year cycles. Some data, because of disclosure risk, are only available through the Research Data Center. Data users should read documentation, examine sample sizes and response rates, and account for the complex survey design. With publicly released data, analyses of Asians as a single group is only possible; some Asian subgroup analyses may be conducted through the Research Data Center. Public Health Implications. Oversampling Asians in NHANES 2011-2018 allows national estimates to be computed on health conditions, nutrition, and risk factors of public health importance on this growing subpopulation of Asian Americans.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A Public Health of Consequence: Review of the June 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 841-842
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tempels et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tempels, T.
Author-Name: Verweij, M.
Author-Name: Blok, V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e5-e6
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The monetary cost of sexual assault to privately insured US women in 2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tennessee, A.M.
Author-Name: Bradham, T.S.
Author-Name: White, B.M.
Author-Name: Simpson, K.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 983-988
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742
Abstract: Objectives.To determine whether privately insured female rape victims were billed for charges associated with a specific rape in the United States. Methods. We examined 2013 de-identified patient data from Truven Analytics Health MarketScan database for an assault that occurred by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code E960.1. Results. Analysis of insurance providers' payment patterns for 1355 incident events to female victims aged between 16 and 61 years revealed that victims remit, on average, 14% or $948 of the rape cost, whereas insurance providers pay 86% or $5789 of the total cost. Conclusions. Hospital billing procedures for privately insured victims of rape across the United States are not separate from billing procedures for privately insured nonrape patients. This standardized procedure leads hospitals to bill victims directly for services not paid under the victims' insurance policy. Public Health Implications. The Violence Against Women Act (passed in 1994, reauthorized in 2000, 2005, and 2013) must be amended to mandate that all costs incurred because of rape are not passed on to the victim. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:983-988.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Revisiting oral health in America: A report of the surgeon general
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Satcher, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S32-S33
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental homes for Older Americans: The santa fe group call for removal of the dental exclusion in Medicare
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chávez, E.M.
Author-Name: Dugoni, A.A.
Author-Name: Calvo, J.M.
Author-Name: Jones, J.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S41-S43
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Barriers to engaging transgender women in HIV observational research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ayala, D.V.
Author-Name: Ibañes, G.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Health Surveillance for Communicable Diseases: From Rigid and Static to Flexible and Innovative
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Heymann, D.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 845-846
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: US state statutes banning powdered alcohol: Exceptions and penalties
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Garcia, A.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 880-882
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720
Abstract: To examine state statutes banning powdered alcohol, we identified relevant statutes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia through a search (initial search March 2016; follow-up search November 2016) using the legal research database LexisNexis. To identify the laws, we used the following search terms: "concentrated alcohol, " "crystalline alcohol, " "granulated alcohol, " "palcohol, "and"powderedalcohol." As of November 2016, 31 states had statutory bans on powdered alcohol. Statutes in 22 states outline penalties for violating the state's ban on powdered alcohol. Five states include suspension and revocation of alcohol beverage licenses and permits among the penalties. Thirteen states provide exceptions to their ban-on-powdered alcohol forbona fide scientific research. Twelve states have exceptions for powdered alcohol designed for commercial use or not intended for human consumption. With concerns expressed that powdered alcohol may lead to greater alcohol consumption, particularly among minors, the majority of state legislatures have demonstrated their willingness to restrict access to novel alcohol products to protect the public's health. However, the effectiveness of these laws should be evaluated if the product does become available.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing Zika in the United States: Polarization, Fragmentation, and Public Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greer, S.L.
Author-Name: Singer, P.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 861-862
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: AJPH letters and responses
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Idler, E.
Author-Name: Oman, D.
Author-Name: Kiser, M.
Author-Name: Hogue, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health: Basic tenets for a healthy, productive life
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sullivan, L.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S39-S40
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of legislation on indoor tanning prevalence in Alabama
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blashill, A.J.
Author-Name: Pagoto, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 966-968
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716
Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in indoor tanning prevalence among Alabama high school students the year before and after its 2014 legal restrictions compared with Florida, which had more lenient legislation. Methods. We analyzed the Alabama and Florida 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 14 389; population = 1 864 241) by gender, age, year (2013, 2015), state (Alabama, Florida), and year-by-state interactions. Results. Prevalence of indoor tanning was higher among Alabama youths, but the difference did not significantly change after the law was passed in Alabama (betweenstate change differences ranged from a 3.3% increase among 14-year-old Alabama girls to a 9.7% decrease among 14-year-old Alabama boys). Conclusions. We found no significant changes in indoor tanning among adolescents since the enactment of Alabama's tanning restrictions in 2014. More oversight and monitoring are needed to ensure that indoor tanning facilities are compliant with emerging laws. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:966-968.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Innovations in population health surveillance: Using electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Perlman, S.E.
Author-Name: McVeigh, K.H.
Author-Name: Thorpe, L.E.
Author-Name: Jacobson, L.
Author-Name: Greene, C.M.
Author-Name: Gwynn, R.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 853-857
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813
Abstract: With 87% of providers using electronic health records (EHRs) in the United States, EHRs have the potential to contribute to population health surveillance efforts. However, little is known about using EHR data outside syndromic surveillance and quality improvement. We created an EHR-based population health surveillance system called the New York City (NYC) Macroscope and assessed the validity of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, and influenza vaccination indicators. The NYC Macroscope uses aggregate data from a network of outpatient practices. We compared 2013 NYC Macroscope prevalence estimates with those from a population-based, in-person examination survey, the 2013-2014 NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NYC Macroscope diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity prevalence indicators performed well, but depression and influenza vaccination estimates were substantially lower than were survey estimates. Ongoing validation will be important to monitor changes in validity over time as EHR networks mature and to assess new indicators. We discuss NYC's experience and how this project fits into the national context. Sharing lessons learned can help achieve the full potential of EHRs for population health surveillance.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward a Comprehensive Policy to Reduce Disparities in Youth Violence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Herrenkoh, T.I.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 829-830
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: More research is needed to understand the trans ommunity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marshall, S.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Value of State-Based Surveillance and Surveys in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ferketich, A.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 850-852
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Isolationist Policies Threaten Public Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Coughlin, C.N.
Author-Name: Messenlehner, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 860-861
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How California prepared for implementation of physician-assisted death: A primer
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Petrillo, L.A.
Author-Name: Dzeng, E.
Author-Name: Harrison, K.L.
Author-Name: Forbes, L.
Author-Name: Scribner, B.
Author-Name: Koenig, B.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 883-888
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755
Abstract: Physician-assisted death is now legal in California, and similar laws are being considered in many other states. The California law includes safeguards, yet health care providers will face practical and ethical issues while implementing physician-assisted death that are not addressed by the law. To help providers and health care facilities in California prepare to provide optimal care to patients who inquire about physician-assisted death, we brought together experts from California, Oregon, and Washington. We convened a conference of 112 stakeholders in December 2015, and herein present their recommendations. Themes of recommendations regarding implementation include (1) institutions should develop and revise physician-assisted death policies; (2) legal physician-assisted death will have implications for California's culturally and socio economically diverse population, and for patients from vulnerable groups; (3) conscientious objection and moral distress for health care providers must be considered; and (4) palliative care is essential to the response to the law. The expert conference participants' insights are a valuable guide, both for providers and health care facilities in California planning or revising their response, and for other jurisdictions where physician-assisted death laws are being considered or implemented.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Zika's Long Haul: Tackling the Causes of Human Vulnerability to Mosquito-Borne Viruses
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rodrigues, L.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 831-833
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Air Mattresses Are Not Appropriate Sleep Spaces for Infants
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Moon, R.Y.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 838-839
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic minority older adults' perspectives on proposed Medicaid reforms' effects on dental care access
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Author-Name: Greenblatt, A.P.
Author-Name: Estrada, I.
Author-Name: Kunzel, C.
Author-Name: Schrimshaw, E.W.
Author-Name: Metcalf, S.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S65-S70
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640
Abstract: To examine how proposed Medicaid reform plans are experienced by racial/ethnic minority older adults and what the implications are for their ability to access dental care through Medicaid, from 2013 to 2015 we conducted focus groups in northern Manhattan, New York, New York, among African American, Dominican, and Puerto Rican adults aged 50 years and older. Participants reported problemswith affording copayments for care, complicated health and social issues, the need for vision and dental care close to home, and confusion about and stigmatization with Medicaid coverage. Federal, state, and local public health agencies can help by clarifying and simplifying Medicaid plans and sustaining benefits that older adults need to live healthy and dignified lives.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental therapy education in Minnesota
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Self, K.
Author-Name: Brickle, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S77-S80
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health inequities: An AJPH supplement to help close the gap
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Borrell, L.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S6-S7
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The dental health aide therapist program in Alaska: An example for the 21st century
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lenaker, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S24-S25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Framing mechanisms linking HIV-related stigma, adherence to treatment, and health outcomes
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Turan, B.
Author-Name: Hatcher, A.M.
Author-Name: Weiser, S.D.
Author-Name: Johnson, M.O.
Author-Name: Rice, W.S.
Author-Name: Turan, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 863-869
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744
Abstract: We present a conceptual framework that highlights how unique dimensions of individual-level HIV-related stigma (perceived community stigma, experienced stigma, internalized stigma, and anticipated stigma) might differently affect the health of those living with HIV. HIV-related stigma is recognized as a barrier to both HIV prevention and engagement in HIV care, but little is known about the mechanisms through which stigma leads to worse health behaviors or outcomes. Our conceptual framework posits that, in the context of intersectional and structural stigmas, individual-level dimensions of HIV-related stigma operate through interpersonal factors, mental health, psychological resources, and biological stress pathways. A conceptual framework that encompasses recent advances in stigma science can inform future research and interventions aiming to address stigma as a driver of HIV-related health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The dental professional
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Batliner, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Religion and public health curriculum
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shapiro, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Expanding the dental workforce to improve access and reduce disparities in oral health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Potter, W.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S26-S27
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evolution of Public Health Surveillance: Status and Recommendations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Burkom, H.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 848-850
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Aetna-NDA partnership for achieving racial and ethnic health equity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Harper, H.J.
Author-Name: Conicella, M.L.
Author-Name: Cranston, N.C.
Author-Name: Edmonds, J.C.
Author-Name: Matthews, C.O.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S10-S11
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Zika Virus outbreak in Brazil: Knowledge gaps and challenges for risk reduction
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Osorio-De-Castro, C.G.S.
Author-Name: Miranda, E.S.
Author-Name: De Freitas, C.M.
Author-Name: De Camargo, K.R., Jr.
Author-Name: Cranmer, H.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 960-965
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705
Abstract: We analyzed uncertainties and complexities of the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, andwediscuss risk reduction for future emergencies. We present the public health situation in Brazil and concurrent determinants of the epidemic and the knowledge gaps that persist despite building evidence from research, making public health decisions difficult. Brazil has adopted active measures, but producingdesired outcomes may be uncertain because of partial or unavailable information. Reducingpopulation group vulnerabilities and acting on environmental issues are medium- to long-term measures. Simultaneously dealing with information gaps, uncontrolled disease spread, and vulnerabilities is a new risk scenarioand must be approached decisively to face emerging biothreats. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:960-965.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Small-group randomized controlled trial to increase condom use and HIV testing among hispanic/latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rhodes, S.D.
Author-Name: Alonzo, J.
Author-Name: Mann, L.
Author-Name: Song, E.Y.
Author-Name: Tanner, A.E.
Author-Name: Arellano, J.E.
Author-Name: Rodriguez-Celedon, R.
Author-Name: Garcia, M.
Author-Name: Freeman, A.
Author-Name: Reboussin, B.A.
Author-Name: Painter, T.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 969-976
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the HOLA en Grupos intervention, a Spanish-language smallgroup behavioral HIV prevention intervention designed to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Methods. In 2012 to 2015, we recruited and randomized 304 Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, aged 18 to 55 years in North Carolina, to the 4-session HOLA en Grupos intervention or an attention-equivalent general health education comparison intervention. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Follow-up retention was 100%. Results. At follow-up, relative to comparison participants, HOLA en Grupos participants reported increased consistent condom use during the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 7.9; P < .001) and HIV testing during the past 6 months (AOR = 13.8; 95% CI = 7.6, 25.3; P < .001). HOLA en Grupos participants also reported increased knowledge of HIV (P < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (P < .001); condom use skills (P < .001), self-efficacy (P < .001), expectancies (P < .001), and intentions (P < .001); sexual communication skills (P < .01); and decreased fatalism (P < .001). Conclusions. The HOLA en Grupos intervention is efficacious for reducing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic/Latinomen who have sex withmen. (AmJ Public Health. 2017;107:969-976.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How dental therapists can address the social and racial disparities in access to care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Yee, A.K.
Author-Name: McGlaston, K.
Author-Name: Restuccia, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S28-S29
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Scientific document review at the centers for disease control and prevention: The CLEAR approach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Iskander, J.K.
Author-Name: Calugar, A.
Author-Name: Peavy, R.D.
Author-Name: Sowell, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 858-859
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health and aging
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Raphael, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S44-S45
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A workforce strategy for reducing oral health disparities: Dental therapists
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Koppelman, J.
Author-Name: Singer-Cohen, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S13-S17
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747
Abstract: This article seeks to chronicle how dental therapists are being used to bolster the supply of providers for the underserved and explore their potential to diversify the field of dentistry and improve public health. Of the factors that contribute to persistent oral health disparities in the United States, an insufficient oral health workforce figures prominently. A growing number of states are authorizing amidlevel dental provider (often called a dental therapist) to address this problem. Dental therapists work under the supervision of dentists to deliver routine preventive and restorative care, including preparing and filling cavities and performing extractions. They can serve all populations in 3 states, are caring for Native Americans in an additional 3 states under federal or state authority, and are being considered in about a dozen state houses.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The oral health needs of the incarcerated population: Steps toward equal access
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Makrides, N.S.
Author-Name: Shulman, J.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S46-S47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ying et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ying, J.
Author-Name: Rosenthal, J.E.
Author-Name: Park, A.
Author-Name: Madanat, H.N.
Author-Name: Liller, K.D.
Author-Name: Hennig, N.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Formica, M.K.
Author-Name: Flescher, A.
Author-Name: Branas, C.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e7-e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mass media campaign to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in a rural area of the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Farley, T.A.
Author-Name: Halper, H.S.
Author-Name: Carlin, A.M.
Author-Name: Emmerson, K.M.
Author-Name: Foster, K.N.
Author-Name: Fertig, A.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 989-995
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate a mass media campaign to reduce the consumption of sugarsweetened beverages (SSBs). Methods. We disseminated messages emphasizing the health risks of SSBs through television, digital channels, and local organizations over 15 weeks in 2015-2016 in the Tri-Cities region of northeast Tennessee, southwest Virginia, and southeast Kentucky. Weevaluated the campaign with pre- and post-telephone surveys of adults aged 18 to 45 years in the intervention area and by examining changes in beverage sales in the intervention and a matched comparison area in western Virginia. Results. Fifty-four percent of postcampaign respondents recalled seeing a campaign advertisement. After the campaign, 53% of respondents believed SSBs were a cause of heart disease, and respondents were more likely postcampaign to consider SSBs a "big cause of diabetes" (75% vs 60%; P < .001). Compared with 12 months before, after the start of the campaign, SSB sales decreased 3.4%, including a 4.1% decrease in soda sales in the intervention area relative to the comparison area (P < .01). Conclusions. This brief media campaign on SSBs was followed by intended changes in beliefs and consumption. Public Health Implications. Additional media campaigns on SSBs should be attempted and evaluated. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:989-995.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Safe sex in the 1970s: Community practitioners on the Eve of AIDS
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blair, T.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 872-879
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704
Abstract: In the 1970s, groups of gay and gay-allied health professionals began to formulate guidelines for safer sexual activity, several years before HIV/AIDS. Through such organizations as the National Coalition of Gay Sexually Transmitted Disease Services, Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights, and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, these practitioners developed materials that would define sexual health education for the next four decades, as well as such concepts as "bodily fluids" and the "safe sex hanky." To do so, they used their dual membership in the community and the health professions. Although the dichotomy between the gay community and the medical establishment helped define the early history of HIV/AIDS, the creative work of these socially "amphibious" activists played an equally important part. Amid current debates over preexposure prophylaxis against HIV and Zika virus transmission, lessons for sexual health include the importance of messaging, the difficulty of behavioral change, and the vitality of community-driven strategies to mitigate risk.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The nation's oral health inequities: Who cares
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Treadwell, H.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Surveillance as Our Sextant
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Thorpe, L.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 847-848
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental student-delivered care at a student-faculty collaborative clinic in a correctional facility
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Simon, L.
Author-Name: Sue, K.
Author-Name: Williams, R.
Author-Name: Tobey, M.
Author-Name: Cohen, M.
Author-Name: Beckmann, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S85-S87
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Determinants of Health: Building Wide Coalitions Around Well-Honed Messages
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fielding, J.E.
Author-Name: Teutsch, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 870-871
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dental therapy: Communities lead the way for improved oral health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tabron, L.J.M.
Author-Name: Linnane, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S8-S9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Contraindications and alternatives to nuanced corporate responsibility
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wiist, W.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: I Have Randomized by Clinic; Now What? Four Decades after Cornfield
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 830-831
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Accountable care organizations and oral health accountability
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mayberry, M.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S61-S64
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833
Abstract: Accountable care organizations agree to be accountable for the cost and outcomes of an attributed population. However, in many, no provisions have been made to account for oral health. There are several social, medical, and financial implications for health care provider and payer systems and health careoutcomeswhenoral health is not accounted for in patient management. How can an organization strive to improve population health without including the oral health system? Total systemic health for a population must include oral health. Accountable care organizations are positioned to change the course of oral health in the United States and close the disparities that exist among vulnerable populations, including seniors. Such efforts will reduce health care costs. Opportunities abound to expand points of entry into the health care system via dental or medical care. Closing the great divide between 2 historically isolated professions will position the United States to make gains in true population health. I provide evidence of the need to mandate access to oral health care services for all Americans-specifically adults, because legislation currently exists for pediatric dental coverage.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health disparities and inequities in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Le, H.
Author-Name: Hirota, S.
Author-Name: Liou, J.
Author-Name: Sitlin, T.
Author-Name: Le, C.
Author-Name: Quach, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S34-S35
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Addressing oral health disparities via educational foci on cultural competence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Behar-Horenstein, L.S.
Author-Name: Warren, R.C.
Author-Name: Dodd, V.J.
Author-Name: Catalanotto, F.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S18-S23
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721
Abstract: An ever-present challenge for the oral health profession is to reduce the extent of oral disease among racial and ethnic minority populations. Adding to this complex dilemma is the linkage between oral health and systemic health. We describe enhanced cultural competency, in the context of individual cultural beliefs, values, language, practice, and health behaviors, among dental professionals, as one approach to meeting the dental care needs of the underserved. An overview and examples of teaching methods used by University of Florida dental educators to enhance student cultural competency is provided. Evidence-based evaluation results provide evidence of methodology efficacy. We conclude by describing actions that can be implemented by academic dental institutions to facilitate development of culturally competent practitioners.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The interface among poverty, air mattress industry trends, policy, and infant safety
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Doering, J.J.
Author-Name: Ward, T.C.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 945-949
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709
Abstract: Infants can suffocate on air mattresses, even when the mattress is fully inflated. The interfacing issues of poverty, the bedbug epidemic, and changes in the design and marketing of air mattresses may be increasing consumer use of air mattresses as primary sleep environments and thus increasing the potential for infant death. Despite recent changes to improve air mattress safety labeling, the National Child Death Review Case Reporting System found that between 2004 and 2015 across 24 states, an air mattress was the incident sleep place for 108 infants whose deaths were either during sleep or in a sleep environment. At thesame time, design components such as inflatable headboards and memory foampillowtopspotentially increase the hazard to infants, and marketing changes represent air mattresses as a preferred low-cost primary sleep environment. Analysis of current data surveillance systems, published position statements, and consumer materials from national organizations and federal agencies reveal opportunities for changing policy to better protect infants from this hazard. (Am J Public Health. 2017; 107:945-949.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health disparities: A perspective from the national institute of dental and craniofacial research
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fischer, D.J.
Author-Name: O'Hayre, M.
Author-Name: Kusiak, J.W.
Author-Name: Somerman, M.J.
Author-Name: Hill, C.V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S36-S38
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Improving Public Health Surveillance about Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chin, K.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 827-828
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: LGBTQ Health Surveillance: Data = Power
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sell, R.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 843-844
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness on early childhood caries of an oral health promotion program for medical providers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Braun, P.A.
Author-Name: Widmer-Racich, K.
Author-Name: Sevick, C.
Author-Name: Starzyk, E.J.
Author-Name: Mauritson, K.
Author-Name: Hambidge, S.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S97-S103
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817
Abstract: Objectives. To assess an oral health promotion (OHP) intervention for medical providers' impact on early childhood caries (ECC). Methods. We implemented a quasiexperimental OHP intervention in 8 federally qualified health centers that trained medical providers on ECC risk assessment, oral examination and instruction, dental referral, and fluoride varnish applications (FVAs).We measured OHP delivery by FVA count at medical visits. We measured the intervention's impact on ECC in 3 unique cohorts of children aged 3 to 4 years in 2009 (preintervention; n = 202), 2011 (midintervention; n = 420), and 2015 (≥ 4 FVAs; n = 153). We compared numbers of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces using adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial models. Results. Across 3 unique cohorts, the FVA mean (range) count was 0.0 (0), 1.1 (0-7), and 4.5 (4-7) in 2009, 2011, and 2015, respectively. In adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial models analyses, children in the 2015 cohort had significantly fewer decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces than did children in previous cohorts. Conclusions. AnOHPintervention targetingmedical providers reducedECCwhenchildren received 4 ormore FVAs at a medical visit by age 3 years.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: US public opinion on carrying firearms in public places
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wolfson, J.A.
Author-Name: Teret, S.P.
Author-Name: Azrael, D.
Author-Name: Miller, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 929-937
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate US public opinion, overall and by gun ownership status, about the public places where legal gun owners should be allowed to carry firearms. Methods. We fielded an online survey among 3949 adults, including an oversample of gun owners and veterans, in April 2015. We used cross-tabulations with survey weights to generate nationally representative estimates. Results. Fewer than 1 in 3 US adults supported gun carrying in any of the specified venues. Support for carrying in public was consistently higher among gun owners than among non-gun owners. Overall, support for carrying in public was lowest for schools (19%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.7, 21.1), bars (18%; 95% CI = 15.9, 20.6), and sports stadiums (17%; 95% CI = 15.0, 19.5). Conclusions. Most Americans, including most gun owners, support restricting public places legal gun owners can carry firearms. These views contrast sharply with the current trend in state legislatures of expanding where, how, and by whom guns can be carried in public. Recent state laws and proposed federal legislation that would force states to honor out-of-state concealed carry permits are out of step with American public opinion.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Vanderweele and Koenig respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J.
Author-Name: Koenig, H.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: e3-e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changing Demographics of Marijuana Initiation: Bad News or Good?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grucza, R.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Pages: 833-834
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health for diverse Asian American Subgroups in New York City
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jung, M.
Author-Name: Kwon, S.C.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Author-Name: Yi, S.S.
Author-Name: Edens, N.
Author-Name: Northridge, M.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S94-S96
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661
Abstract: Objectives. To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. Methods. We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and selfrated oral health. Results. Failure to receive an annual oral health examination was common in this sample (41.5%) and was more frequent for participants who were younger and male and those who had poorer English fluency and lower educational attainment. Not having dental insurance versus having private dental insurance resulted in 2 to 3 times the odds of nonreceipt of oral health care and poor self-rated oral health. Conclusions. Nonreceipt of annual oral health examinations and poor self-rated oral health were common across Asian American subgroups. Facilitating dental insurance sign-up and providing in-language services may improve oral health care access and ultimately oral health among Asian American immigrants.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Oral health intervention for low-income African American Men in Atlanta, Georgia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hoffman, L.M.
Author-Name: Rollins, L.
Author-Name: Akintobi, T.H.
Author-Name: Erwin, K.
Author-Name: Hernandez, N.
Author-Name: Lewis, K.
Author-Name: Miller, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 
Pages: S104-S110
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760
Abstract: Objectives. To describe the Minority Men's Oral Health Dental Access Program (MOHDAP) intervention and report participants' outcomes and satisfaction. Methods. MOHDAP was designed to increase the oral health knowledge of lowincome, African American men in Atlanta, GA, in 2013. A community-based participatory approach and needs assessment guided the intervention development, which consisted of 3 educational modules delivered over a 2-day period. All participants (n = 45; mean age = 50 years) were African American men. We assessed changes in oral health knowledge and attitudes at baseline and postintervention via survey. Results. After the intervention, the percentage of correct responses to questions about gingivitis increased by 24.2% (P = .01), about use of a hard (instead of a soft) toothbrush increased by 42.2% (P < .01), and knowledge of ways to prevent gumdiseases increased by 16.0% (P = .03). The percentage agreeing with erroneous statements decreased 11.3% (P = .02) regarding oral health-related fatalism and oral health self-care and 17.4% (P = .05) regarding saving front versus back teeth. Conclusions. Community-based oral health educational interventions designed for African American men may reduce oral health disparities among this population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Ethical implications of missing gun violence data
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bachynski, K.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Scaling up a water, sanitation, and hygiene program in rural Bangladesh: The role of program implementation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Benjamin-Chung, J.
Author-Name: Sultana, S.
Author-Name: Halder, A.K.
Author-Name: Ahsan, M.A.
Author-Name: Arnold, B.F.
Author-Name: Hubbard, A.E.
Author-Name: Unicomb, L.
Author-Name: Luby, S.P.
Author-Name: Colford, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 694-701
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether the quality of implementation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene program called SHEWA-B and delivered by UNICEF to 20 million people in rural Bangladesh was associated with health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access. Methods. We surveyed 33 027 households targeted by SHEWA-B and 1110 SHEWA-B hygiene promoters in 2011 and 2012. We developed an implementation quality index and compared the probability of health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access in counterfactual scenarios over the range of implementation quality. Results. Forty-seven percent of households (n = 14 622) had met a SHEWA-B hygiene promoter, and 47% of hygiene promoters (n = 527) could recall all key program messages. The frequency of hygiene promoter visits was not associated with improved outcomes. Higher implementation quality was not associated with better health behaviors or infrastructure access. Outcomes differed by only 1% to 3% in scenarios in which all clusters received low versus high implementation quality. Conclusions. SHEWA-B did not meet UNICEF's ideal implementation quality in any area. Improved implementation quality would have resulted in marginal changes in health behaviors or infrastructure access. This suggests that SHEWA-B's design was suboptimal for improving these outcomes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Methadone misinformation and misconceptions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, L.S.
Author-Name: Kritz, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The service i rendered was just as true: African American soldiers and veterans as activist patients
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Adler, J.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 675-683
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688
Abstract: In this article, I examine how African American soldiers and veterans experienced and shaped federally sponsored health care during and after World War I. Building on studies of the struggles of Black leaders and health care providers to win professional and public health advancement in the 1920s and 1930s, and of advocates to mobilize for health care rights in the mid-20th century, I focus primarily on the experiences and activism of patients in the interwar years. Private and government correspondence, congressional testimony, and reports from Black newspapers reveal that African American soldiers and veterans communicated directly with policymakers and bureaucrats regarding unequal treatment, assuming roles as "policy actors" who viewed health and medical care as "politics by other means." In the process, they drew attention to the paradoxes inherent in expanding government entitlements in the era of Jim Crow, and helped shape a veterans' health system that emerged in the 1920s and remained in place for the following century. They also laid the groundwork for the system's precedent-setting desegregation, referred to by advocates of the time as "a shining example to the rest of the country.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: #NPHW, a time of global assessment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 648-649
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Costs and financial burden of initial hospitalizations for firearm injuries in the United States, 2006-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Spitzer, S.A.
Author-Name: Staudenmayer, K.L.
Author-Name: Tennakoon, L.
Author-Name: Spain, D.A.
Author-Name: Weiser, T.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 770-774
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684
Abstract: Objectives. To quantify the inflation-adjusted costs associated with initial hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries in the United States. Methods. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify patients admitted for firearm-related injuries from 2006 to 2014. We converted charges from hospitalization to costs, which we inflation-adjusted to 2014 dollars. We used survey weights to create national estimates. Results. Costs for the initial inpatient hospitalization totaled $6.61 billion. The largest proportion was for patients with governmental insurance coverage, totaling $2.70 billion (40.8%) and was divided between Medicaid ($2.30 billion) and Medicare ($0.40 billion). Self-pay individuals accounted for $1.56 billion (23.6%) in costs. Conclusions. From 2006 to 2014, the cost of initial hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries averaged $734.6 million per year. Medicaid paid one third and self-pay patients one quarter of the financial burden. These figures substantially underestimate true health care costs. Public health implications. Firearm-related injuries are costly to the US health care system and are particularly burdensome to government insurance and the self-paying poor.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sustained reduction in HIV diagnoses in Massachusetts, 2000-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cranston, K.
Author-Name: John, B.
Author-Name: Dawn Fukuda, H.
Author-Name: Randall, L.M.
Author-Name: Mermin, J.
Author-Name: Mayer, K.H.
Author-Name: DeMaria, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 794-799
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697
Abstract: Objectives. To describe secular trends in reported HIV diagnoses in Massachusetts concurrent with treatment access expansion. Methods. We characterized cases of HIV infection reported to the Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program between 2000 and 2014 by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and exposure mode. We used Poisson regression to test the statistical significance of trends in diagnoses. Results. Between 2000 and 2014, annual new HIV infections diagnosed in Massachusetts decreased by 47% (P <.001 for trend). We observed significant reductions in diagnoses among women (58% when comparing 2000 with 2014), men (42%), Whites (54%), Blacks (51%), and Hispanics (35%; P <.001 for trend). New diagnoses decreased significantly among men who have sex with men (19%), persons who inject drugs (91%), and heterosexuals (86%; P <.001 for trend). We saw statistically significant downward trends among all men by race/ethnicity, but the trend among Black men who have sex with men was nonsignificant. Conclusions. Sustained reduction in new HIV diagnoses was concurrent with Massachusetts's Medicaid expansion, state health care reform, and public health strategies to improve care access. A contributory effect of expanded HIV treatment and populationlevel viral suppression is hypothesized for future research.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health communications: Lessons learned from the affordable care act
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Parekh, A.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 639-641
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: We need a strong environmental protection agency: It's about public health!
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McCarthy, G.
Author-Name: Burke, T.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 649-651
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California Counties, 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Barreau, T.
Author-Name: Conway, D.
Author-Name: Haught, K.
Author-Name: Jackson, R.
Author-Name: Kreutzer, R.
Author-Name: Lockman, A.
Author-Name: Minnick, S.
Author-Name: Roisman, R.
Author-Name: Rozell, D.
Author-Name: Smorodinsky, S.
Author-Name: Tafoya, D.
Author-Name: Wilken, J.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 783-790
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California's recorded history with a rapid assessment method. Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data. Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%-12%); impacts on finances (25%-39%), property (39%-54%), health (10%-20%), and peace of mind (33%-61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%-46%); acute stress (8%-26%); and considering moving (14%-34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress. Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought. Public Health Implications. Local jurisdictions should consider implementing drought assistance programs, including behavioral health, and consider rapid assessments to inform public health action.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluation of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination among newly arrived refugees
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lee, D.
Author-Name: Weinberg, M.
Author-Name: Benoit, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 684-686
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698
Abstract: Objectives. To assess US availability and use of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination documentation for refugees vaccinated overseas. Methods. We selected 1500 refugee records from 14 states from March 2013 through July 2015 to determine whether overseas vaccination records were available at the US postarrival health assessment and integrated into the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices schedule. We assessed number of doses, dosing interval, and contraindications. Results. Twelve of 14 (85.7%) states provided data on 1118 (74.5%) refugees. Overseas records for 972 (86.9%) refugees were available, most from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Electronic Disease Notification system (66.9%). Most refugees (829; 85.3%) were assessed appropriately for MMR vaccination; 37 (3.8%) should have received MMR vaccine but did not; 106 (10.9%) did not need the MMR vaccine but were vaccinated. Conclusions. Overseas documentation was available at most clinics, and MMR vaccinations typically were given when needed. Further collaboration between refugee health clinics and state immunization information systems would improve accessibility of vaccination documentation.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Jail booking as an occasion for HIV care reengagement: A surveillance-based study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Eastment, M.C.
Author-Name: Toren, K.G.
Author-Name: Strick, L.
Author-Name: Buskin, S.E.
Author-Name: Golden, M.R.
Author-Name: Dombrowski, J.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 717-723
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668
Abstract: Objectives. To examine population and HIV care outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at their first incarceration of 2014 in 2 county jails in King County, Washington. Methods. Using HIV surveillance data linked with jail booking data, we examined demographic information, viral loads, CD4 counts, and incarceration details for the period prior to jail booking, during incarceration, and year following jail release. Results. In 2014, 202 PLWHA were incarcerated, 51% of whom were virally nonsuppressed at booking.This population represented approximately 3% of all HIV-diagnosed persons and 7% of virally nonsuppressed persons in King County.Within a year of release, 62% were virally suppressed, compared with 79% of the general HIV-diagnosed population in King County. Conclusions. Incarcerated PLWHA are disproportionately virally nonsuppressed compared with nonincarcerated PLWHA up to a year after release from jail. Public Health Implications. Coordination of health information exchange between the health department and jails could enhance public health efforts to improve the HIV care continuum.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Women's individual asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence: Evidence from 28 international surveys
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Peterman, A.
Author-Name: Pereira, A.
Author-Name: Bleck, J.
Author-Name: Palermo, T.M.
Author-Name: Yount, K.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 747-755
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694
Abstract: Objectives.To assess the oft-perceived protective relationship between women's asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous 12 months. Methods. We used international survey data from women aged 15 to 49 years from 28 Demographic and Health Surveys (2010-2014) to examine the association between owning assets and experience of recent IPV, matching on household wealth by using multivariate probit models. Matching methods helped to account for the higher probability that women in wealthier households also have a higher likelihood of owning assets. Results. Asset ownership of any type was negatively associated with IPV in 3 countries, positively associated in 5 countries, and had no significant relationship in 20 countries (P <.10). Disaggregation by asset type, sole or joint ownership, women's age, and community level of women's asset ownership similarly showed no conclusive patterns. Conclusions. Results suggest that the relationship between women's asset ownership and IPV is highly context specific. Additional methodologies and data are needed to identify causality, and to understand how asset ownership differs from other types of women's economic empowerment.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Potential high-risk areas for zika virus transmission in the contiguous United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shacham, E.
Author-Name: Nelson, E.J.
Author-Name: Hoft, D.F.
Author-Name: Schootman, M.
Author-Name: Garza, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 724-731
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670
Abstract: Objectives. To understand where transmission of Zika virus has the highest likelihood to occur in the contiguous United States with regard to its transmission both sexually and via Aedes aegypti mosquito bites. Methods. We evaluated the 2 routes of transmission risk with predictors of sexually transmitted infections (percentage women of childbearing age, birthrate, gonorrhea and chlamydia rates, concentrated disadvantage) as a surrogate for unprotected sexual activity and the demographic distribution of the A.aegypti mosquito across 3108 counties in the contiguous United States. Results. We found that 507 counties had the highest risk of virus exposure via mosquito vector or unprotected sexual activity; these were concentrated in southern states extending northward along the Atlantic coast and southern California, with the highest predicted risk in Mississippi counties. Conclusions.Identifyingareaswithhighertransmissionriskcaninformpreventionstrategiesand vector control, and assist in planning for diagnosis and treatment.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Local television news coverage of the affordable care act: Emphasizing politics over consumer information
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gollust, S.E.
Author-Name: Baum, L.M.
Author-Name: Niederdeppe, J.
Author-Name: Barry, C.L.
Author-Name: Fowler, E.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 687-693
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the public health and policy-relevant messages conveyed through local television news during the first stage of Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation, when about 10 million Americans gained insurance. Methods. We conducted a content analysis of 1569 ACA-related local evening television news stories, obtained from sampling local news aired between October 1, 2013, and April 19, 2014. Coders systematically collected data using a coding instrument tracking major messages and information sources cited in the news. Results. Overall, only half of all ACA-related news coverage focused on health insurance products,whereastheremainderdiscussedpoliticaldisagreementsoverthelaw.Majorpolicy tools of the ACA-the Medicaid expansion and subsidies available-were cited in less than 10% of news stories. Number of enrollees (27%) and Web site glitches (33%) were more common features of coverage. Sources with a political affiliation were by far the most commonsourceofinformation(> 40%),whereasresearchwascitedinlessthan4%ofstories. Conclusions. The most common source of news for Americans provided little public health-relevant substance about the ACA during its early implementation, favoring political strategy in coverage.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: 2017 #NPHW and beyond: Climate changes health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Benjamin, G.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 630
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health professionals urgently need to develop more effective communications strategies
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Grant, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 658-659
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Historical misfeasance
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Levine, R.S.
Author-Name: Hennekens, C.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Morabia responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Natural American spirit brand marketing casts health halo around smoking
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Epperson, A.E.
Author-Name: Henriksen, L.
Author-Name: Prochaska, J.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 668-670
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Police brutality and black health: Setting the agenda for public health scholars
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Alang, S.
Author-Name: McAlpine, D.
Author-Name: McCreedy, E.
Author-Name: Hardeman, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 662-665
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691
Abstract: We investigated links between police brutality and poor health outcomes among Blacks and identified five intersecting pathways: (1) fatal injuries that increase population-specific mortality rates; (2) adverse physiological responses that increase morbidity; (3) racist public reactions that cause stress; (4) arrests, incarcerations, and legal, medical, and funeral bills that cause financial strain; and (5) integrated oppressive structures that cause systematic disempowerment. Publichealthscholarsshould champion efforts to implement surveillance of police brutality and press funders to support research to understand the experiences of people faced with police brutality. We must ask whether our own research, teaching, and service are intentionally antiracist and challenge the institutions we work in to ask the same. To reduce racial health inequities, public health scholars must rigorously explore the relationship between police brutality and health, and advocate policies that address racist oppression.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Injury mortality in individuals with autism
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guan, J.
Author-Name: Li, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 791-793
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696
Abstract: Objectives. To examine epidemiological patterns of injury fatalities in individuals with a diagnosis of autism. Methods. We identified individuals with a diagnosis of autism who died between 1999 and 2014 by screening causes of death in the multiple cause-of-death data files in the National Vital Statistics System based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code F84.0. We used the general US population as the reference to calculate proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. During the study period, 1367 deaths (1043 males and 324 females) in individuals with autism were recorded in the United States. The mean age at death for individuals with autism was 36.2 years (SD = 20.9 years), compared with 72.0 years (SD = 19.2 years) for the general population. Of the deaths in individuals with autism, 381 (27.9%) were attributed to injury (PMR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.64, 3.24), with suffocation (n = 90; PMR = 31.93; 95% CI = 25.69, 39.24) being the leading cause of injury mortality, followed by asphyxiation (n = 78; PMR = 13.50; 95% CI = 10.68, 16.85) and drowning (n = 74; PMR = 39.89; 95% CI = 31.34, 50.06). Conclusions. Individuals with autism appear to be at substantially heightened risk for death from injury.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Estimating the proportion of childhood cancer cases and costs attributable to the environment in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nelson, L.
Author-Name: Valle, J.
Author-Name: King, G.
Author-Name: Mills, P.K.
Author-Name: Richardson, M.J.
Author-Name: Roberts, E.M.
Author-Name: Smith, D.
Author-Name: English, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 756-762
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690
Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the proportion of cases and costs of the most common cancers among children aged 0 to 14 years (leukemia, lymphoma, and brain or central nervous system tumors) that were attributable to preventable environmental pollution in California in 2013. Methods. We conducted a literature review to identify preventable environmental hazards associated with childhood cancer.We combined risk estimates with California-specific exposure prevalence estimates to calculate hazard-specific environmental attributable fractions (EAFs). We combined hazard-specific EAFs to estimate EAFs for each cancer and calculated an overall EAF. Estimated economic costs included annual (indirect and direct medical) and lifetime costs. Results. Hazards associated with childhood cancer risks included tobacco smoke, residential exposures, and parental occupational exposures. Estimated EAFs for leukemia, lymphoma, and brain orcentral nervoussystem cancer were21.3% (range = 11.7%-30.9%), 16.1% (range = 15.0%-17.2%), and 2.0% (range = 1.7%-2.2%), respectively. The combined EAF was 15.1% (range = 9.4%-20.7%), representing $18.6 million (range = $11.6 to $25.5 million) in annual costs and $31 million in lifetime costs. Conclusions. Reducing environmental hazards and exposures in California could substantially reduce the human burden of childhood cancer and result in significant annual and lifetime savings.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social and built environmental correlates of predicted blood lead levels in the flint water crisis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sadler, R.C.
Author-Name: LaChance, J.
Author-Name: Hanna-Attisha, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 763-769
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692
Abstract: Objectives. To highlight contextual factors tied to increased blood lead level (BLL) risk following the lead-in-water contamination in Flint, Michigan. Methods. Using geocoded BLL data collected in 2013 and 2015 and areal interpolation, we predicted BLLs at every residential parcel in the city. We then spatially joined social and built environmental variables to link the parcels with neighborhood-level factors that may influence BLLs. Results. When we compared levels before and during the water crisis, we saw the highest estimates of predicted BLLs during the water crisis and the greatest changes in BLLs in neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes (μ = 2.30 μg/dL; δ = 0.45 μg/dL), oldest house age (μ = 2.22 μg/dL; δ = 0.37 μg/dL), and poorest average neighborhood housing condition (μ = 2.18 μg/dL; δ = 0.44 μg/dL). Conclusions. Key social and built environmental variables correlate with BLL; such information can continue to guide response by prioritizing older, deteriorating neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Flint kids: Tragic, resilient, and exemplary
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hanna-Attisha, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 651-652
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Four priorities to guide a public health of consequence
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Amaro, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 671-672
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the May 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 646-647
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Universal mandatory reporting policies and the odds of identifying child physical abuse
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ho, G.W.K.
Author-Name: Gross, D.A.
Author-Name: Bettencourt, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 709-716
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relationships between universal mandatory reporting (UMR), child physical abuse reporting, and the moderating effect of UMR on physical abuse report outcomes by report source. Methods. We used a national data set of 204 414 children reported for physical abuse in 2013 to compare rates of total and confirmed reports by states or territories with and without UMR. We estimated odds and predicted probabilities of confirming a physical abuse report made by professional versus nonprofessional reporters, accounting for the moderating effect of UMR and individual-level characteristics. Results. Rates of total and confirmed physical abuse reports did not differ by UMR status. Nonprofessionals were more likely to make reports in UMR states compared with states without UMR. Probability of making a confirmed report was significantly lower under UMR; this effect almost doubled for nonprofessionals compared with professional reporters. Conclusions. Universal mandatory reporting may not be the answer for strengthening the protection of children victimized by physical abuse. Implementation of child protection policies must be exercised according to evidence to exert the fullest impact and benefit of these laws.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health policies: Go local!
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bishai, D.M.
Author-Name: Frattaroli, S.
Author-Name: Pollack, K.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 672-674
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trumpcare or transformation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U.
Author-Name: Woolhandler, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 660-661
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The affordable care act, insurance coverage, and health care utilization of previously incarcerated young men: 2008-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Winkelman, T.N.A.
Author-Name: Choi, H.J.
Author-Name: Davis, M.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 807-811
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate health insurance and health care utilization patterns among previously incarcerated men following implementation of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Medicaid expansion and Marketplace plans in 2014. Methods. We performed serial cross-sectional analyses using data from the National Survey of Family Growth between 2008 and 2015. Our sample included men aged 18 to 44 years with (n = 3476) and without (n = 8702) a history of incarceration. Results. Uninsurance declined significantly among previously incarcerated men after ACA implementation (-5.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI] =-11.5,-0.4), primarily because of an increase in private insurance (6.8 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.1, 13.3). Previously incarcerated men accounted for a large proportion of the remaining uninsured (38.6%) in 2014 to 2015. Following ACA implementation, previously incarcerated men continued to be significantly less likely to report a regular source of primary care and more likely to report emergency department use than were neverincarcerated peers. Conclusions. Health insurance coverage improved among previously incarcerated men following ACA implementation. However, these men account for a substantial proportion of the remaining uninsured. Previously incarcerated men continue to lack primary care and frequently utilize acute care services.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Supply-side disruption in cocaine production associated with cocaine-related maternal and child health outcomes in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Delcher, C.
Author-Name: Livingston, M.
Author-Name: Wang, Y.
Author-Name: Mowitz, M.
Author-Name: Maldonado-Molina, M.
Author-Name: Goldberger, B.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 812-814
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effects of precursor chemical regulation aimed at reducing cocaine production on cocaine-related maternal and newborn hospital stays in the United States. Methods. We analyzed monthly counts of maternal and neonatal stays from January 2002 through December 2013 by using a quasi-experimental interrupted time series design. We estimated the preregulation linear trend, postregulation change in linear trend, and abrupt change in level. Results. The number of monthly cocaine-related maternal and neonatal stays decreased by 221 and 128 stays, respectively, following the cocaine precursor regulation change. We also observed a further decline in per-month maternal and neonatal stays of 18 and 8 stays, respectively. Conclusions. A supply-side disruption in the United States cocaine market was associated with reduced hospital stays for 2 vulnerable populations: pregnant women and newborns. Results support findings that federal precursor regulation can positively reduce cocaine availability in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: No mission too difficult: Responding to military sexual assault
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kimerling, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 642-644
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Disability items from the current population survey (2008-2015) and permanent versus temporary disability status
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ward, B.
Author-Name: Myers, A.
Author-Name: Wong, J.
Author-Name: Ravesloot, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 706-708
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666
Abstract: Objectives.To examine longitudinal responses to the disability indicator questions that have been adopted as the standard across national surveys sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Methods. Data from the Current Population Survey between 2008 and 2015 were linked to create a longitudinal sample of 721 178 individual respondents. Results. Responses to the disability questions fluctuated significantly. Although 17% of all respondents reported a disability at some point, only 3% consistently reported the same set of disabilities. Demographic differences were found between people who always reported a consistent set of disabilities and those whose responses fluctuated. Conclusions. The disability questions capture 2 discrete groups: people who experience a permanent disability and those who experience a temporary disability. Demographic differences between these groups suggest that this is not simply due to measurement error.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: State-level progress in reducing the black-white infant mortality gap, United States, 1999-2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Speights, J.S.B.
Author-Name: Goldfarb, S.S.
Author-Name: Wells, B.A.
Author-Name: Beitsch, L.
Author-Name: Levine, R.S.
Author-Name: Rust, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 775-782
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689
Abstract: Objectives. To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality. Methods. Using linked infant birth-death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black-White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained. Results. We found substantial state-level variation in Black IMRs (range = 6.6-13.8) and Black-White rate ratios (1.5-2.7), and also in percentage relative improvement in IMR (range = 2.7% to 36.5% improvement) and in Black-White rate ratios (from 11.7% relative worsening to 24.0% improvement). Thirteen states achieved statistically significant reductions in Black-White IMR disparities. Eliminating the Black-White IMR gap would have saved 64 876 babies during these 15 years. Eighteen states would achieve IMR racial equality by the year 2050 if current trends are sustained. Conclusions. States are achieving varying levels of progress in reducing Black infant mortality and Black-White IMR disparities. PublicHealthImplications.Racialequalityininfantsurvivalisachievable,butwillrequireshifting our focus to determinants of progress and strategies for success.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health meets the problem of the color line
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bassett, M.T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 666-667
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Rethinking the black panther party can help us rethink our strategies in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dickinson-Copeland, C.
Author-Name: Weber, S.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tracking the impact of policy changes on public health practice
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Erwin, P.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 653-654
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The missing link: HIV, corrections, and public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Spaulding, A.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 641-642
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sexual assault victimization and mental health treatment, suicide attempts, and career outcomes among women in the US army
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rosellini, A.J.
Author-Name: Street, A.E.
Author-Name: Ursano, R.J.
Author-Name: Chiu, W.T.
Author-Name: Heeringa, S.G.
Author-Name: Monahan, J.
Author-Name: Naifeh, J.A.
Author-Name: Petukhova, M.V.
Author-Name: Reis, B.Y.
Author-Name: Sampson, N.A.
Author-Name: Bliese, P.D.
Author-Name: Stein, M.B.
Author-Name: Zaslavsky, A.M.
Author-Name: Kessler, R.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 732-739
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693
Abstract: Objectives. To examine associations of administratively recorded sexual assault victimization during military service with subsequent mental health and negative career outcomes among US Army women controlling for nonrandom victimization exposure. Methods. We used data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers to apply propensity score methods to match all 4238 female Regular Army soldiers with administratively recorded sexual assault victimization during 2004 to 2009 to 5 controls per case with similar composite victimization risk. We examined associations of this victimization measure with administratively recorded mental health treatment, suicide attempt, and Army career outcomes over the subsequent 12 months by using survival analysis for dichotomous outcomes and conditional generalized linear models for continuous outcomes. Results. Women with administratively recorded sexual assault had significantly elevated odds ratios (ORs) of subsequent mental health treatment (any, OR =2.5; 95% confidence interval[CI]= 2.4,2.6;specialty,OR =3.1;95%CI= 2.9,3.3;inpatient,OR =2.8;95%CI= 2.5,3.1), posttraumatic stress disorder treatment (any, OR =6.3; 95% CI= 5.7, 6.9; specialty, OR =7.7; 95% CI=6.8, 8.6; inpatient, OR =6.8; 95% CI=5.4, 8.6), suicide attempt (OR= 3.0; 95% CI=2.5, 3.6), demotion (OR =2.1; 95% CI= 1.9, 2.3), and attrition (OR= 1.2; 95% CI =1.1, 1.2). Conclusions. Sexual assault victimization is associated with considerable suffering and likely decreased force readiness.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The US black-white infant mortality gap: Marker of deep inequities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kirby, R.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 644-645
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Make refugee health care great [again]
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Philbrick, A.M.
Author-Name: Wicks, C.M.
Author-Name: Harris, I.M.
Author-Name: Shaft, G.M.
Author-Name: Van Vooren, J.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 656-658
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sales of nicotine-containing electronic cigarette products: United States, 2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marynak, K.L.
Author-Name: Gammon, D.G.
Author-Name: Rogers, T.
Author-Name: Coats, E.M.
Author-Name: Singh, T.
Author-Name: King, B.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 702-705
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the proportion of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products sold in the United States that contain nicotine according to retail scanner data. Methods. We obtained unit sales data from January 11, 2015, to December 12, 2015, from The Nielsen Company for convenience stores; supermarkets; mass merchandisers; drug, club, and dollar stores; and Department of Defense commissaries. The data did not include purchases from tobacco specialty shops,"vape shops," or online sources. Nicotine content was assessed by product type (disposables, rechargeables, and refills), region, and flavor status based on nicotine strength listed in the Universal Product Codes. For the 36.7% of entries lacking nicotine content information, we conducted Internet searches by brand, product, and flavor. Results. In 2015, 99.0% of e-cigarette products sold contained nicotine, including 99.0% of disposables, 99.7% of rechargeables, and 98.8% of refills. Overall, 98.7% of flavored e-cigarette products and 99.4% of nonflavored e-cigarette products contained nicotine. Conclusions. In 2015, almost all e-cigarette products sold in US convenience stores and other assessed channels contained nicotine. Public Health Implications. Findings reinforce the importance of warning labels for nicotine-containing products, ingredient reporting, and restrictions on sales to minors.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Reverby responds
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reverby, S.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: e2-e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The cost of firearm violence survivorship
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kalesan, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 638-639
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Video-based grocery shopping intervention effect on purchasing behaviors among latina shoppers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Amaro, H.
Author-Name: Cortés, D.E.
Author-Name: Garcia, S.
Author-Name: Duan, L.
Author-Name: Black, D.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 800-806
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725
Abstract: Objectives. To compare changes in food-purchasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior after viewing nutrition education videos among Los Angeles, California Latinas responsible for household grocery shopping. Methods. From February to May 2015, a convenience sample of 113 Latinas watched 1 video (El Carrito Saludable) featuring MyPlate guidelines applied to grocery shopping (1-video intervention) and another convenience sample of 105 Latinas watched 2 videos (El Carrito Saludable and Ser Consciente), the latter featuring mindfulness to support attention and overcome distractions while grocery shopping (2-video intervention). We administered questionnaires before and after intervention. A preselected sample in each intervention condition (n = 72) completed questionnaires at 2-months after intervention and provided grocery receipts (before and 2-months after intervention). Results. Knowledge improved in both intervention groups (P <.001). The 2-video group improved more in self-efficacy and use of a shopping list (both P <.05) and purchased more healthy foods (d = 0.60; P <.05) at 2 months than did the 1-video group. Conclusions. Culturally tailored videos that model food-purchasing behavior and mindfulness show promise for improving the quality of foods that Latinas bring into the home.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tobacco town: Computational modeling of policy options to reduce tobacco retailer density
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Luke, D.A.
Author-Name: Hammond, R.A.
Author-Name: Combs, T.
Author-Name: Sorg, A.
Author-Name: Kasman, M.
Author-Name: MacK-Crane, A.
Author-Name: Ribisl, K.M.
Author-Name: Henriksen, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 740-746
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685
Abstract: Objectives. To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density. Methods. We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower). Results. Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings. Conclusions. Comprehensive retailer density reduction policies have excellent potential to reduce the public health burden of tobacco use in communities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Areas of concern for public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sundwall, D.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 654-656
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories related to the 2014 occupy central/umbrella movement in Hong Kong
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ni, M.Y.
Author-Name: Li, T.K.
Author-Name: Pang, H.
Author-Name: Chan, B.H.Y.
Author-Name: Kawachi, I.
Author-Name: Viswanath, K.
Author-Name: Schooling, C.M.
Author-Name: Leung, G.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 593-600
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories before, during, and after Hong Kong's 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement. Methods. In a prospective study, between March 2009 and November 2015, we interviewed 1170 adults randomly sampled from the population-representative FAMILY Cohort. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms and probable major depression. We investigated pre-event and time-varying predictors of depressive symptoms. Results. We identified 4 trajectories: resistant (22.6% of sample), resilient (37.0%), mild depressive symptoms (32.5%), and persistent moderate depression (8.0%). Baseline predictors that appeared to protect against persistent moderate depression included higher household income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.56), greater psychological resilience (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.82), more family harmony (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), higher family support (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92), better self-rated health (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.49), and fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.81). Conclusions. Depression trajectories after a major protest are comparable to those after major population events. Health care professionals should be aware of the mental health consequences during and after social movements, particularly among individuals lacking social support.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: My failed attempt to gain access to small-scale gold miners
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zolnikov, T.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 507-508
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Housing assistance programs and adult health in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fenelon, A.
Author-Name: Mayne, P.
Author-Name: Simon, A.E.
Author-Name: Rossen, L.M.
Author-Name: Helms, V.
Author-Name: Lloyd, P.
Author-Name: Sperling, J.
Author-Name: Steffen, B.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 571-578
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649
Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether access to housing assistance is associated with better health among low-income adults. Methods. We used National Health Interview Survey data (1999-2012) linked to US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative records (1999-2014) to examine differences in reported fair or poor health and psychological distress. We used multivariable models to compare those currently receiving HUD housing assistance (public housing, housing choice vouchers, and multifamily housing) with those who will receive housing assistance within 2 years (the average duration of HUD waitlists) to account for selection into HUD assistance. Results. We found reduced odds of fair or poor health for current public housing (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.97) and multifamily housing (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) residents compared with future residents. Public housing residents also had reduced odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.86). These differences were not mediated by neighborhood-level characteristics, and we did not find any health benefits for current housing choice voucher recipients. Conclusions. Housing assistance is associated with improved health and psychological well-being for individuals entering public housing and multifamily housing programs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Language barriers and health of syrian refugees in Germany
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Green, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 486
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fall prevention intervention and the triple aim goals
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Monaghan, E.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cumulative lifetime marijuana use and incident cardiovascular disease in middle age: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reis, J.P.
Author-Name: Auer, R.
Author-Name: Bancks, M.P.
Author-Name: Goff, D.C.
Author-Name: Lewis, C.E.
Author-Name: Pletcher, M.J.
Author-Name: Rana, J.S.
Author-Name: Shikany, J.M.
Author-Name: Sidney, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 601-606
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985-1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years.The primary outcome was incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) through 2013. Results. A total of 84% (n = 4286) reported a history of marijuana use. During a median 26.9 years (131 990 person-years), we identified 215 CVD events, including 62 strokes or transient ischemic attacks, 104 cases of coronary heart disease, and 50 CVD deaths. Compared with no marijuana use, cumulative lifetime and recent marijuana use showed no association with incident CVD, stroke or transient ischemic attacks, coronary heart disease, or CVD mortality. Marijuana use was not associated with CVD when stratified by age, gender, race, or family history of CVD. Conclusions. Neither cumulative lifetime nor recent use of marijuana is associated with the incidence of CVD in middle age.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Nutritional, economic, and environmental costs of milk waste in a classroom school breakfast program
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blondin, S.A.
Author-Name: Cash, S.B.
Author-Name: Goldberg, J.P.
Author-Name: Griffin, T.S.
Author-Name: Economos, C.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 590-592
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647
Abstract: Objectives. To measure fluid milk waste in a US School Breakfast in the Classroom Program and estimate its nutritional, economic, and environmental effects. Methods. Fluidmilkwastewasdirectlymeasuredon60elementaryschoolclassroomdaysin a medium-sized, urban district. The US Department of Agriculture nutrition database, district cost data, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions and water footprint estimates for fluid milkwere usedtocalculate theassociatednutritional,economic,andenvironmental costs. Results. Of the total milk offered to School Breakfast Program participants, 45% was wasted. A considerably smaller portion of served milk was wasted (26%).The amount of milk wasted translated into 27% of vitamin D and 41% of calcium required of School Breakfast Program meals.The economic and environmental costs amounted to an estimated $274 782 (16% of the district's total annual School Breakfast Program food expenditures), 644 893 kilograms of CO2e, and 192 260 155 liters of water over the school year in the district. Conclusions. These substantial effects of milk waste undermine the School Breakfast Program's capacity to ensure short-and long-term food security and federal food waste reduction targets. Interventions that reduce waste are urgently needed.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Engaging human rights in the response to the evolving zika virus epidemic
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rasanathan, J.J.K.
Author-Name: MacCarthy, S.
Author-Name: Diniz, D.
Author-Name: Torreele, E.
Author-Name: Gruskin, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 525-531
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658
Abstract: In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health responses have focused on mosquito vector eradication, sexual and reproductive health services, knowledge and technology including diagnostic test and vaccine development, and health system preparedness. We summarize responses to date and apply human rights and related principles including nondiscrimination, participation, the legal and policy context, and accountability to identify shortcomings and to offer suggestions for more equitable, effective, and sustainable Zika responses.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Parent-centered prevention of risky behaviors among hispanic youths in Florida
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Estrada, Y.
Author-Name: Lee, T.K.
Author-Name: Huang, S.
Author-Name: Tapia, M.I.
Author-Name: Velázquez, M.-R.
Author-Name: Martinez, M.J.
Author-Name: Pantin, H.
Author-Name: Ocasio, M.A.
Author-Name: Vidot, D.C.
Author-Name: Molleda, L.
Author-Name: Villamar, J.
Author-Name: Stepanenko, B.A.
Author-Name: Hendricks Brown, C.
Author-Name: Prado, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 607-613
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based, parent-centered intervention, Familias Unidas, delivered by nonresearch personnel, in preventing substance use (alcohol, illicit drugs) and sex without a condom among Hispanic adolescents. Methods. A randomized controlled trial (n = 746) evaluated the effectiveness of Familias Unidas among Hispanic eighth graders (age range = 12-16 years), relative to prevention as usual, within a public school system. School personnel, including social workers and mental health counselors, were trained to deliver the evidence-based intervention. Participant recruitment, intervention delivery, and follow-up ran from September 2010 through June 2014 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Results. Familias Unidas was effective in preventing drug use from increasing and prevented greater increases in sex without a condom 30 months after baseline, relative to prevention as usual. Familias Unidas also had a positive impact on family functioning and parental monitoring of peers at 6 months after baseline. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a parent-centered preventive intervention program in preventing risky behaviors among Hispanic youths. Findings highlight the feasibility of training nonresearch personnel on effectively delivering a manualized intervention in a real-world setting.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health, ethics, and autonomous vehicles
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fleetwood, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 532-537
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628
Abstract: With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The future of the affordable care act and insurance coverage
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Glied, S.
Author-Name: Jackson, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 538-540
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665
Abstract: We describe the patterns of coverage gains associated with the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansions and use these patterns to assess the potential impact of alternative repeal or repeal and replace strategies because Congress and the president are weighing options to repeal or replace the ACA. We find that specific provisionsofthe ACA, including the Medicaid expansion and the structure of premium subsidies, havebeen associatedwith large and robust gains in insurance coverage. We evaluate the impact of retaining dependent coverage and high-risk pool provisions and show, on the basis of the ACA experience, that these provisions would have little effect on coverage. We find that many replacement proposal components, including flat tax credits and maintaining cost savings provisions, could jeopardize the ability of many of the ACA's primary beneficiaries, as well as other Americans, to access coverage and care. By leading to a deterioration of the safety net, these strategies could also imperil population health activities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Li and Harmer respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Li, F.
Author-Name: Harmer, P.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e22-e23
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the April 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 500-501
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Socioeconomic determinants of sodium intake in adult populations of high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: De Mestral, C.
Author-Name: Mayén, A.-L.
Author-Name: Petrovic, D.
Author-Name: Marques-Vidal, P.
Author-Name: Bochud, M.
Author-Name: Stringhini, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e1-e12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629
Abstract: Background. A poorer quality diet among individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) may partly explain the higher burden of noncommunicable disease among disadvantaged populations. Because there is a link between sodium intake and noncommunicable diseases, we systematically reviewed the current evidence on the social patterning of sodium intake. Objectives. To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between SES and sodium intake in healthy adult populations of high-income countries. Search Methods. We followed the PRISMA-Equity guidelines in conducting a literaturesearch that ended June 3, 2016, via MEDLINE,Embase, and SciELO. We imposed no publication date limits. Selection Criteria. We considered only peer-reviewed articles meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported a measure of sodium intake disaggregated by at least 1 measure of SES (education, income, occupation, or any other socioeconomic indicator); (2) were written in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Italian; and (3) were conducted in a high-income country as defined by the World Bank (i.e., per capita national gross income was higher than $12 746). We also excluded articles that exclusively sampled low-SES individuals, pregnant women, children, adolescents, elderly participants, or diseased patients or that reported results from a trial or intervention. Data Collection and Analysis. As summary measures, we extracted (1) the direction (positive, negative, or neutral) and the magnitude of the association between each SES indicator and sodium intake, and (2) the estimated sodium intake according to SES level. When possible and if previously unreported, we calculated the magnitude of the relative difference in sodium intake between high-and low-SES groups for each article,applyingthisformula:([valueforhigh-SESgroup-valueforlow-SES group]/[value for high-SES group]) • 100. We considered an association significant if reported as such, and we set an arbitrary 10% relative differenceasclinicallyrelevantandsignificant.Weconductedameta-analysis of the relative difference in sodium intake between high-and low-SES groups. We included articles in the meta-analysis if they reported urinebased sodium estimates and provided the total participant numbers in the low-and high-SES groups, the estimated sodium intake means for each group (in mg/day or convertible units), and the SDs (or transformable measures). We chose a random-effects model to account for both within-study and between-study variance. Main Results. Fifty-one articles covering 19 high-income countries met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 used urine-based methods to assess sodium intake, and 30 used dietary surveys.These articles assessed 171 associations between SES and sodium intake. Among urine-based estimates, 67% were negative (higher sodium intake in people of low SES), 3% positive, and 30% neutral. Among diet-based estimates, 41% were negative, 21% positive, and 38% neutral. The random-effects model indicated a 14% relative difference between low-and high-SES groups (95% confidence interval [CI]=-18,-9), corresponding to a global 503 milligrams per day (95% CI=461, 545) of higher sodium intake among people of low SES. Conclusions. People of low SES consume more sodium than do people of high SES, confirming the current evidence on socioeconomic disparities in diet, which may influence the disproportionate noncommunicable disease burden among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Public Health Implications. It is necessary to focus on disadvantaged populations to achieve an equitable reduction in sodium intake to a population mean of 2 grams per day as part of the World Health Organization's target to achieve a 25% relative reduction in noncommunicable disease mortality by 2025.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Masters et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Masters, R.K.
Author-Name: Powers, D.A.
Author-Name: Reither, E.N.
Author-Name: Yang, C.
Author-Name: Link, B.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 505-506
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Visual loss and subsequent activity limitations in the elderly: The French three-city cohort
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Péres, K.
Author-Name: Matharan, F.
Author-Name: Daien, V.
Author-Name: Nael, V.
Author-Name: Edjolo, A.
Author-Name: Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson, I.
Author-Name: Ritchie, K.
Author-Name: Tzourio, C.
Author-Name: Delcourt, C.
Author-Name: Carriere, I.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 564-569
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the relationship between vision and disability in the elderly. Methods. We used a baseline visual indicator (combining near acuity with Snellen equivalent < 20/30 and self-reported distance visual loss) to explore the association between visual loss and subsequent disability (mobility, instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs], ADLs, and participation restriction) from 1999 to 2007 in 8491 elderly participants of the French Three-City Cohort (Bordeaux, Dijon, and Montpellier). Results. In multiadjusted analyses, near visual impairment, alone or associated with distance visual function loss, was associated with greater risk of developing ADL limitations (P =.027), IADL limitations (P =.002), and participation restriction (P <.001), but not mobility (P =.848). The disabling impact of visual loss was significant for 11 of the 15 activities, when analyzed one by one. Conclusions. Both near and distance visual loss was associated with greater functional decline over time, and the combination of the two could be even worse. Public Health Implications. In the context of rapid aging of the population, maintaining good vision in the elderly represents a promising prevention track, visual impairment being common in the elderly, largely undermanaged, and mostly reversible. Further research, especially trials, is necessary to estimate the public health impact of such interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A systematic review of cardiovascular disease in sexual minorities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Caceres, B.A.
Author-Name: Brody, A.
Author-Name: Luscombe, R.E.
Author-Name: Primiano, J.E.
Author-Name: Marusca, P.
Author-Name: Sitts, E.M.
Author-Name: Chyun, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e13-e21
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630
Abstract: Background: Mental health and HIV disparities are well documented among sexual minorities, but there is a dearth of research on other chronic conditions. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Although sexual minorities have high rates of several modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (including stress, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption), there is a paucity of research in this area. Objectives: In this systematic review, we synthesized and critiqued the existing evidence on cardiovascular disease among sexual minority adults. Search Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search of 6 electronic databases for studies published between January 1985 and December 2015 that compared cardiovascular disease risk or prevalence between sexual minority and heterosexual adults. Selection Criteria: We included peer-reviewed English-language studies that compared cardiovascular disease risk or diagnoses between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals older than 18 years. We excluded reviews, case studies, and gray literature. A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria. Data Collection and Analysis: At least 2 authors independently abstracted data from each study. We performed quality assessment of retrieved studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Main Results: Sexual minority women exhibited greater cardiovascular disease risk related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, poor mental health, and body mass index, whereas sexual minority men experienced excess risk related to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and poor mental health. We identified several limitations in the extant literature. The majority of included studies were crosssectional analyses that used self-reported measures of cardiovascular disease. Even though we observed elevated cardiovascular disease risk, we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses (including hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol). Overall, 23 of the 26 studies that examined cardiovascular disease diagnoses used subjective measures. Only 7 studies used a combination of biomarkers and self-report measures to establish cardiovascular disease risk and diagnoses. Authors' Conclusions: Social conditions appear to exert a negative effect on cardiovascular disease risk among sexual minorities. Although we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses, we identified an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease in both sexual minority men and women. There is a need for research that incorporates subjective and objective measures of cardiovascular disease risk. Public Health Implications: Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern for clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. This systematic review supports the need for culturally appropriate interventions that address cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minority adults. ((The full article is available online.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of early head start in North Carolina on dental care use among children younger than 3 years
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Burgette, J.M.
Author-Name: Preisser, J.S.
Author-Name: Weinberger, M.
Author-Name: King, R.S.
Author-Name: Lee, J.Y.
Author-Name: Gary Rozier, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 614-620
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the effects of North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS), an early education program for low-income children younger than 3 years and their families, on dental care use among children. Methods. We performed a quasi-experimental study in which we interviewed 479 EHS and 699 non-EHS parent-child dyads at baseline (2010-2012) and at a 24-month followup (2012-2014). We estimated the effects of EHS participation on the probability of having a dental care visit after controlling for baseline dental care need and use and a propensity score covariate; we included random effects to account for EHS program clustering. Results.The odds of having a dental care visit of any type (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74, 3.48) and having a preventive dental visit (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.63) were higher among EHS children than among non-EHS children. In addition, the adjusted mean number of dental care visits among EHS children was 1.3 times (95% CI = 1.17, 1.55) the mean number among non-EHS children. Conclusions. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that EHS participation increases dental care use among disadvantaged young children.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Socioeconomic inequalities in dietary sodium intake: Upstream versus downstream interventions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kypridemos, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 499-500
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Demographic characteristics and health status of transgender adults in select US regions: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meyer, I.H.
Author-Name: Brown, T.N.T.
Author-Name: Herman, J.L.
Author-Name: Reisner, S.L.
Author-Name: Bockting, W.O.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 582-589
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648
Abstract: Objectives. To describe the health status of the transgender population in the United States. Methods. We used 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data that comprised a probability sample from 19 US states and Guam (n = 151 456). Results. Bivariate analyses showed that, in comparison with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals had a higher prevalence of poor general health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 2.4), more days per month of poor physical (b = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.61, 4.24; P <.01) and mental (b = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.28, 3.19; P =.02) health, and a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.5). In addition, more transgender than cisgender people lacked health care coverage (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.7) and a health care provider (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1), and they were less likely to have visited a dentist in the preceding year (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 1.0). However, transgender individuals did not differ from cisgender individuals with respect to prevalence of chronic diseases, cancers, or depressive disorders or in terms of health behaviors such as smoking, binge drinking, and always wearing a seatbelt. Conclusions. Our findings highlight areas of unmet needs in the transgender population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Examination of bias in study of clinic closures
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Power, M.V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e24
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Leaking containers: Success and failure in controlling the mosquito aedes aegypti in Brazil
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lowy, I.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 517-524
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652
Abstract: In 1958, the Pan American Health Organization declared that Brazil had successfully eradicated the mosquito Aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Yet in 2016 the Brazilian minister of health described the situation of dengue fever as "catastrophic." Discussing the recent epidemic of Zika virus, which amplified the crisis produced by the persistence of dengue fever, Brazil's president declared in January 2016 that "we are in the process of losing the war against the mosquito Aedes aegypti." I discuss the reasons for the failure to contain Aedes in Brazil and the consequences of this failure. A longue durée perspective favors a view of the Zika epidemic that does not present it as a health crisis to be contained with a technical solution alone but as a pathology that has the persistence of deeply entrenched structural problems and vulnerabilities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of CVS pharmacy's discontinuance of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing (2012-2014)
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Polinski, J.M.
Author-Name: Howell, B.
Author-Name: Gagnon, M.A.
Author-Name: Kymes, S.M.
Author-Name: Brennan, T.A.
Author-Name: Shrank, W.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 556-562
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the impact of CVS Health's discontinuation of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing. Methods. We used households' purchasing data to assess rates at which households stopped cigarette purchasing for at least 6 months during September 2014 to August 2015 among 3 baseline groups: CVS-exclusive cigarette purchasers, CVS+ (CVS and other retailers), and other-exclusive (only non-CVS retailers). In state-level analyses using retailers' point-of-sale purchase data, an interrupted time series compared cigarette purchasing before (January 2012 to August 2014) and after (September 2014 to April 2015) tobacco removal in 13 intervention states with CVS market share of at least 15% versus 3 control states with no CVS stores. Results. Compared with other-exclusive purchasers, CVS-exclusive purchasers were 38% likelier (95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.81) to stop cigarette purchasing after tobacco removal. Compared with control states, intervention states had a significant mean decrease of 0.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.22) in packs per smoker per month. Conclusions. After CVS's tobacco removal, household-and population-level cigarette purchasing declined significantly. Private retailers can play a meaningful role in restricting access to tobacco. This highlights one approach to reducing tobacco use and improving public health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities with Predicted Absolute Incomes Rather Than Wealth Quintiles: A Comparative Assessment Using Child Stunting Data from National Surveys
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fink, G.
Author-Name: Victora, C.G.
Author-Name: Harttgen, K.
Author-Name: Vollmer, S.
Author-Name: Vidaletti, L.P.
Author-Name: Barros, A.J.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 550-555
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657
Abstract: Objectives. To compare the predictive power of synthetic absolute income measures with that of asset-based wealth quintiles in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) using child stunting as an outcome. Methods. We pooled data from 239 nationally representative household surveys from LMICs and computed absolute incomes in US dollars based on households' asset rank as well as data on national consumption and inequality levels. We used multivariable regression models to compare the predictive power of the created income measure with the predictive power of existing asset indicator measures. Results. In cross-country analysis, log absolute income predicted 54.5% of stunting variation observed, compared with 20% of variation explained by wealth quintiles. For within-survey analysis, we also found absolute income gaps to be predictive of the gaps between stunting in the wealthiest and poorest households (P <.001). Conclusions. Our results suggest that absolute income levels can greatly improve the prediction of stunting levels across and within countries over time, compared with models that rely solely on relative wealth quintiles.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Gerdts et Al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Gerdts, C.
Author-Name: Fuentes, L.
Author-Name: Grossman, D.
Author-Name: White, K.
Author-Name: Keefe-Oates, B.
Author-Name: Baum, S.E.
Author-Name: Hopkins, K.
Author-Name: Stolp, C.W.
Author-Name: Potter, J.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: e24-e25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health equity and the fallacy of treating causes of population health as if they sum to 100%
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Krieger, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 541-549
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655
Abstract: Numerous examples exist in population health of work that erroneously forces the causes of health to sum to 100%.This is surprising. Clear refutations of this error extend back 80 years. Because public health analysis, action, and allocation of resources are ill served by faulty methods, I consider why this error persists. I first review several highprofile examples, including Doll and Peto's 1981 opus on the causes of cancer and its current interpretations; a 2015 highpublicity article in Science claiming that two thirds of cancer is attributable to chance; and the influential Web site "County Health Rankings &Roadmaps: Building a Culture of Health, CountybyCounty,"whose model sums causes of health to equal 100%: physical environment (10%), social and economic factors(40%),clinicalcare(20%), and health behaviors (30%). Critical analysis of these works and earlier historical debates reveals that underlying the error of forcing causes of health to sum to 100% is the still dominantbutdeeply flawed view that causation can be parsed as nature versus nurture. Better approaches exist for tallying risk and monitoring efforts to reach health equity.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Handgun legislation and changes in statewide overall suicide rates
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Anestis, M.D.
Author-Name: Anestis, J.C.
Author-Name: Butterworth, S.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 579-581
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the extent to which 4 laws regulating handgun ownership were associated with statewide suicide rate changes. Methods. To test between-group differences in statewide suicide rate changes between 2013 and 2014 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia with and without specific laws, we ran analyses of covariance. Results. We found significant differences in suicide rate changes from 2013 to 2014 in states with mandatory waiting periods and universal background checks relative to states without such laws. States with both laws differed significantly from those with neither. No significant differences in rate changes were noted for open carry restrictions or gun lock requirements. Conclusions. Some state laws regulating aspects of handgun acquisition may be associated with lower statewide suicide rates. Laws regulating handgun storage and carrying practices may have a smaller effect, highlighting that legislation is likely most useful when its focus is on preventing gun ownership rather than regulating use and storage of guns already acquired. Public Health Implications. The findings add to the increasing evidence in support of a public health approach to the prevention of suicide via firearms, focusing on waiting periods and background checks.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Linking public health and individual medicine: The health policy approach of surgeon general thomas parran
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sledge, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 509-516
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639
Abstract: Surgeon General Thomas Parran Jr was once viewed as a path-breaking leader, but his legacy is now highly contested. Scholars of national health insurance have viewed Parran as an impediment to government-backed insurance, and revelations about his role in the Tuskegee Study and in the Public Health Service's experiments in Guatemala have cast a shadow over his career. Surgeon General from 1936 to 1948, Parran led the Public Health Service during the development of key features of the modern American health system and was involved in critical debates over the role of the national government in health. I argue that Parran is best understood not as an opponent of insurance but as the proponent of an approach to health policy that sought to link public health and individual medicine. A pragmatic bureaucrat, Parran believed that effective policymaking required compromise with the American Medical Association.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Correction of selection bias in survey data: Is the statistical cure worse than the bias?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hanley, J.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 503-505
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644
Abstract: In previous articles in the American Journal of Epidemiology (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177 (5):431-442) and American Journal of Public Health (Am J Public Health. 2013;103(10): 1895-1901), Masters et al. reported age-specific hazard ratios for the contrasts in mortality rates between obesity categories. They corrected the observed hazard ratios for selection bias caused by what they postulated was the nonrepresentativeness of the participants in the National Health Interview Study that increased with age, obesity, and ill health. However, it is possible that their regression approach to remove the alleged bias has not produced, and in general cannot produce, sensible hazard ratio estimates. First, we must consider how many nonparticipants there might have been in each category of obesity and of age at entry and how much higher the mortality rates would have to be in nonparticipants than in participants in these same categories. What plausible set of numerical values would convert the ("biased") decreasing-with-age hazard ratios seen in the data into the ("unbiased") increasing-with-age ratios that they computed? Can these values be encapsulated in (and can sensible values be recovered from) one additional internal variable in a regression model? Second, one must examine the age pattern of the hazard ratios that have been adjusted for selection. Without the correction, the hazard ratios are attenuated with increasing age. With it, the hazard ratios at older ages are considerably higher, but those at younger ages are well below one. Third, one must test whether the regression approach suggested by Masters et al. would correct the nonrepresentativeness that increased with age and ill health that I introduced into real and hypothetical data sets. I found that the approach did not recover the hazard ratio patterns present in the unselected data sets: the corrections overshot the target at older ages and undershot it at lower ages.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Editorial: Note about inaccurate results published in the American journal of epidemiology and the American journal of public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Author-Name: Szklo, M.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 502
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Advancing the LGBT health research agenda: differential health trends within the lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cochran, S.D.
Author-Name: Mays, V.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 497-498
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: From trolleys to risk: Models for ethical autonomous driving
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Goodall, N.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 496
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Divergent trends in US maternity and paternity leave, 1994-2015
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zagorsky, J.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 460-465
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the number and type of US workers taking maternity or paternity leave. Methods. We created a publicly available ecological long-term series for measuring parental leave from 1994 to 2015 by using the Current Population Survey, which interviews about 60 000 randomly selected households monthly. Results. The average month from 1994 to 2015 saw 273 000 women and 13 000 men on maternity or paternity leave. Maternity leave rates per 10 000 births showed no trend over 22 years (mean = 677.6). Paternity figures increased by a factor of 3, but started from a small base (14.7-54.6).We observed no national impact on maternity or paternity leave after implementation of state laws that provided paid leave. About half (51.1%) of employees on maternity or paternity leave during 2015 received paid time off.The typical woman on maternity leave was older, more likely married, more likely non-Hispanic White, and more educated than the typical woman who gave birth. Conclusions. Although the US economy has expanded dramatically since 1994, this improvement does not appear to have translated into more women taking maternity leave.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Food insecurity and chronic diseases among American Indians in rural Oklahoma: The THRIVE study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jernigan, V.B.B.
Author-Name: Wetherill, M.S.
Author-Name: Hearod, J.
Author-Name: Jacob, T.
Author-Name: Salvatore, A.L.
Author-Name: Cannady, T.
Author-Name: Grammar, M.
Author-Name: Standridge, J.
Author-Name: Fox, J.
Author-Name: Spiegel, J.
Author-Name: Wiley, A.
Author-Name: Noonan, C.
Author-Name: Buchwald, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 441-446
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605
Abstract: Objectives. To examine food insecurity and cardiovascular disease-related health outcomes among American Indians (AIs) in rural Oklahoma. Methods. We surveyed a cross-sectional sample of 513 AI adults to assess food insecurity domains (i.e., food quality and quantity) and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Results. Among AIs surveyed, 56% reported inadequate food quantity and 62% reported inadequate food quality.The unadjusted prevalence of diabetes (28.4% vs 18.4%), obesity (60.0% vs 48.3%), and hypertension (54.1% vs 41.6%) was higher among participants with inadequate food quantity than among those with adequate food quantity. These associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income. The unadjusted prevalence of obesity (60.7% vs 45.8%), diabetes (27.3% vs 18.8%), and hypertension (52.5% vs 42.5%) was higher among those with inadequate food quality than among those with adequate food quality, even after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income. Conclusions.Tribal, federal, and state policymakers, as well as businesses and nonprofit organizations, must collaboratively take aggressive action to address food insecurity and its underlying causes, including improving tribal food environments, reducing barriers to healthy foods, and increasing living wages.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Caveat partner: Sharing responsibility for health with the food industry
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Marks, J.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 360-361
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Quantifying disparities in urban firearm violence by race and place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A cartographic study
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Beard, J.H.
Author-Name: Morrison, C.N.
Author-Name: Jacoby, S.F.
Author-Name: Dong, B.
Author-Name: Smith, R.
Author-Name: Sims, C.A.
Author-Name: Wiebe, D.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 371-373
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620
Abstract: Objectives. To describe variability in the burden of firearm violence by race, income, and place in an urban context. Methods. We used Philadelphia Police Department data from 2013 to 2014 to calculate firearm assault rates within census block groups for both victim residence and event locations, stratifying by race and block group income. We used cartographic modeling to determine variations in incidence of firearm assault by race, neighborhood income, and place. Results. The overall rate of firearm assault was 5.0 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 5.6) for Black people compared with White people. Firearm assault rates were higher among Black people across all victim residence incomes. Relative risk of firearm assault reached 15.8 times higher (95% CI = 10.7, 23.2) for Black residents in the highest-income block groups when compared with high-income White individuals. Firearm assault events tended to occur in low-income areas and were concentrated in several "hot spot" locations with high proportions of Black residents. Conclusions. Profound disparity in exposure to firearm violence by race and place exists in Philadelphia. Black people were substantially more likely than White people to sustain firearm assault, regardless of neighborhood income.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social suffering, the painful wounds inside
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Giacaman, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 357
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Choosing health equity: Investing in optimal and equitable health for all
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rust, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 361-363
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Standing vs sitting time in stand-biased classrooms
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Chubbs, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e4
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Why peer crowds matter: Incorporating youth subcultures and values in health education campaigns
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Moran, M.B.
Author-Name: Walker, M.W.
Author-Name: Alexander, T.N.
Author-Name: Jordan, J.W.
Author-Name: Wagner, D.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 389-395
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595
Abstract: Grounded on research showing that peer crowds vary in risk behavior, several recent health behavior interventions, including the US Food and Drug Administration'sFreshEmpirecampaign, have targeted high-risk peer crowds. We establish the scientific foundations for using this approach. We introducepeer crowd targeting as a strategy for culturally targeting health behavior interventions to youths. We use social identity and social norms theory to explicate the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. We describe Fresh Empire to demonstrate how peer crowd targeting functions in a campaign and critically evaluate the benefits and limitations of this approach. By replacing unhealthy behavioral norms with desirable, healthy lifestyles, peer crowd-targeted interventions can create a lasting impact that resonates in the target audience's culture.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The effect of minimum wages on adolescent fertility: A nationwide analysis
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bullinger, L.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 447-452
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effect of minimum wage laws on adolescent birth rates in the United States. Methods. I used a difference-in-differences approach and vital statistics data measured quarterly at the state level from 2003 to 2014. All models included state covariates, state and quarter-year fixed effects, and state-specific quarter-year nonlinear time trends, which provided plausibly causal estimates of the effect of minimum wage on adolescent birth rates. Results. A $1 increase in minimum wage reduces adolescent birth rates by about 2%. The effects are driven by non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adolescents. Conclusions. Nationwide, increasing minimum wages by $1 would likely result in roughly 5000 fewer adolescent births annually.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Suicide deaths with opioid poisoning in the United States: 1999-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Braden, J.B.
Author-Name: Edlund, M.J.
Author-Name: Sullivan, M.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 421-426
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591
Abstract: Objectives.To describe trends in suicides with opioid poisoning noted as a contributing cause of death. Methods. Using National Vital Statistics data (1999-2014), we calculated age-adjusted rates of suicide with opioid poisoning (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes T40.0-T40.4) per 100 000 population per year and annual percentage change (APC) in rates. We used Joinpoint regression to examine trends in suicide rates and proportion of suicides involving opioids. Results. The annual age-adjusted death rate from suicide with opioid poisoning as a contributing cause of death increased from 0.3 per 100 000 in 1999 to 0.7 per 100 000 in 2009 (APC = 8.1%; P < .001), and remained at 0.6 to 0.7 per 100 000 through 2014. The percentage of all suicides with opioid poisoning listed as a contributing cause of death increased from 2.2% in 1999 to 4.4% in 2010 (P < .001). Rates were similar for men and women, higher among Whites than non-Whites, higher in the West, and highest for individuals aged 45 to 64 years. Conclusions. Opioid involvement in suicides has doubled since 1999. These analyses underscore the need for health care providers to assess suicidal risk in patients receiving opioids.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Bridging the response to mass shootings and urban violence: Exposure to violence in new haven, Connecticut
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Santilli, A.
Author-Name: Duffany, K.O.
Author-Name: Carroll-Scott, A.
Author-Name: Thomas, J.
Author-Name: Greene, A.
Author-Name: Arora, A.
Author-Name: Agnoli, A.
Author-Name: Gan, G.
Author-Name: Ickovics, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 374-379
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613
Abstract: We have described self-reported exposure to gun violence in an urban community of color to inform the movement toward a public health approach to gun violence prevention. The Community Alliance for Research and Engagement at Yale School of Public Health conducted community health needs assessments to document chronic disease prevalence and risk, including exposure to gun violence. We conducted surveys with residents in six low-income neighborhoods in New Haven, Connecticut, using a neighborhood-stratified, population-based sample (n=1189; weighted sample to represent the neighborhoods, n = 29 675). Exposure to violence is pervasive in these neighborhoods: 73% heard gunshots; many had family members or close friends hurt (29%)or killed (18%)by violent acts. Although all respondents live in low-income neighborhoods, exposure to violence differs by race/ ethnicity and social class. Residents of color experienced significantly more violence than did White residents, with a particularly disparate increase among young Black men aged 18 to 34 years. While not ignoring societal costs of horrific mass shootings, we must be clear that a public health approach to gun violence prevention means focusingonthedualepidemicofmass shootings and urban violence.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Academic public health and the firearm crisis: An agenda for action
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Branas, C.C.
Author-Name: Flescher, A.
Author-Name: Formica, M.K.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Hennig, N.
Author-Name: Liller, K.D.
Author-Name: Madanat, H.N.
Author-Name: Park, A.
Author-Name: Rosenthal, J.E.
Author-Name: Ying, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 365-367
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Stampfer et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stampfer, M.
Author-Name: Grodstein, F.
Author-Name: Willett, W.
Author-Name: Eliassen, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Changing patterns in rates and means of suicide in California, 2005 to 2013
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Matthay, E.C.
Author-Name: Galin, J.
Author-Name: Ahern, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 427-429
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624
Abstract: Objectives. To describe recent trends in suicide throughout California and to compare rates and methods of suicide ("means") across demographic groups. Methods. Data from statewide mortality records were used to estimate age-adjusted rates of suicide from 2005 to 2013, overall and by means, age, gender, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and county. Results. The suicide rate increased 12.6% between 2005 and 2013, from 11.2 to 12.6 per 100 000 population, but this overall trend masks substantial heterogeneity across subgroups. In particular, rapid increases were observed for individuals of multiple races/ ethnicities. Means of suicide changed, trending away from firearms toward suffocation and drug poisoning. Conclusions. High-risk groups and means of suicide are changing rapidly in California, so appropriate public health programming should prioritize populationbased strategies.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The inmate exception and reform of correctional health care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fiscella, K.
Author-Name: Beletsky, L.
Author-Name: Wakeman, S.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 384-385
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public health of consequence: Let's ask about who benefits
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 396-397
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Regarding intimate partner victimization and health risk behaviors among pregnant adolescents
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Joseph, V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e1
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Wendel and Benden respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wendel, M.L.
Author-Name: Benden, M.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e4-e5
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the March 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 363-364
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mass shootings: The role of the media in promoting generalized imitation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meindl, J.N.
Author-Name: Ivy, J.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 368-370
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611
Abstract: Mass shootings are a particular problem in the United States, with one mass shooting occurring approximately every 12.5 days. Recently a "contagion" effect has been suggested wherein the occurrence of one mass shooting increases the likelihood of another mass shooting occurring in the near future. Although contagion is a convenient metaphor used to describe the temporal spread of a behavior, it does not explain how the behavior spreads. Generalized imitation is proposed as a better model to explain how one person's behavior can influence another person to engage in similar behavior. Here we provide an overview of generalized imitation and discuss how the way in which the media report a mass shooting can increase the likelihood of another shooting event. Also, we propose media reporting guidelines to minimize imitation and further decrease the likelihood of a mass shooting.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Practice-based evidence in community guide systematic reviews
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vaidya, N.
Author-Name: Thota, A.B.
Author-Name: Proia, K.K.
Author-Name: Jamieson, S.
Author-Name: Mercer, S.L.
Author-Name: Elder, R.W.
Author-Name: Yoon, P.
Author-Name: Kaufmann, R.
Author-Name: Zaza, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 413-420
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583
Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relative contributions and quality of practice-based evidence (PBE) and research-based evidence (RBE) in The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide). Methods. We developed operational definitions for PBE and RBE in which the main distinguishing feature was whether allocation of participants to intervention and comparison conditions was under the control of researchers (RBE) or not (PBE). We conceptualized a continuum between RBE and PBE.Wethen categorized 3656 studies in 202 reviews completed since The Community Guide began in 1996. Results. Fifty-four percent of studies were PBE and 46% RBE. Community-based and policy reviews had more PBE. Health care system and programmatic reviews had more RBE. The majority of both PBE and RBE studies were of high quality according to Community Guide scoring methods. Conclusions. The inclusion of substantial PBE in Community Guide reviews suggests that evidence of adequate rigor to inform practice is being produced. This should increase stakeholders' confidence that The Community Guide provides recommendations with real-world relevance. Limitations in some PBE studies suggest a need for strengthening practice-relevant designs and external validity reporting standards.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Recent increases in cocaine-related overdose deaths and the role of opioids
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jones, C.M.
Author-Name: Baldwin, G.T.
Author-Name: Compton, W.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 430-432
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627
Abstract: Objectives. To assess trends in cocaine overdose deaths and examine the role opioids play in these deaths. Methods. We used data on drug overdose deaths in the United States from 2000 to 2015 collected in the National Vital Statistics System to calculate annual rates and numbers of cocaine-related overdose deaths overall and deaths both involving and not involving opioids. We assessed statistically significant changes in trends with joinpoint regression. Results. Rates of cocaine-related overdose deaths increased significantly from 1.26 to 2.50 per 100 000 population from 2000 to 2006, declined to 1.35 in 2010, and increased to 2.13 in 2015. Cocaine-related overdose deaths involving opioids increased from 0.37 to 0.91 from 2000 to 2006, declined to 0.57 in 2010, and then increased to 1.36 in 2015. Cocaine-related overdose deaths not involving opioids increased from 0.89 to 1.59 from 2000 to 2006 and then declined to 0.78 in 2015. Conclusions. Opioids, primarily heroin and synthetic opioids, have been driving the recent increase in cocaine-relatedoverdosedeaths.This corresponds to thegrowing supply anduseof heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Screening for shortness of breath: Stretching the screening paradigm to tertiary prevention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pesola, G.R.
Author-Name: Forde, A.T.
Author-Name: Ahsan, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 386-388
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Civil legal services and medical-legal partnerships needed by the homeless population: A national survey
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tsai, J.
Author-Name: Jenkins, D.
Author-Name: Lawton, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 398-401
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596
Abstract: Objectives. To examine civil legal needs among people experiencing homelessness and the extent to which medical-legal partnerships exist in homeless service sites, which promote the integration of civil legal aid professionals into health care settings. Methods. We surveyed a national sample of 48 homeless service sites across 26 states in November 2015.The survey asked about needs, attitudes, and practices related to civil legal issues, including medical-legal partnerships. Results. More than 90% of the homeless service sites reported that their patients experienced at least 1 civil legal issue, particularly around housing, employment, health insurance, and disability benefits. However, only half of all sites reported screening patients for civil legal issues, and only 10% had a medical-legal partnership. The large majority of sites reported interest in receiving training on screening for civil legal issues and developing medical-legal partnerships. Conclusions. There is great need and potential to deploy civil legal services in health settings to serve unstably housed populations. Training homeless service providers how to screen for civil legal issues and how to develop medical-legal partnerships would better equip them to provide comprehensive care.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Delivering on the promise of smoke-free public housing
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Levy, D.E.
Author-Name: Adams, I.F.
Author-Name: Adamkiewicz, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 380-383
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606
Abstract: On November 30, 2016, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) published a final rule mandating that public housing authorities it supports prohibit all smoking on their residential premises, including within residents' apartments. The primary rationale for this action was to protect nonsmoking residents from the harms of tobacco smoke exposure. Although the harms of secondhand smoke are clear and the potential for reducing nonsmoking residents' exposure is real, it will be no simple matter to successfully implement the policy requirements set down by HUD. Some challenges to policy implementation will apply to all public housing authorities, and others will be unique to specific settings. By being aware of the benefits of smoke-free public housing as well as the challenges inherent in complying with HUD's rule, public housing authorities stand the best chance of fulfilling the potential of this major policy initiative to significantly improve public health in a vulnerable population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cardiometabolic mortality by supplemental nutrition assistance program participation and eligibility in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Conrad, Z.
Author-Name: Rehm, C.D.
Author-Name: Wilde, P.
Author-Name: Mozaffarian, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 466-474
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants, SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, and SNAP-ineligible individuals overall and by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and other characteristics. Methods. We performed a prospective study with nationally representative survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000-2009), merged with subsequent Public-Use Linked Mortality Files (2000-2011). We used survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and gender to estimate hazard ratios of total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality for 499 741 US adults aged 25 years or older. Results. Over a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up (maximum 11.9 years), 39 293 deaths occurred, including 7408 heart disease, 2185 stroke, and 1376 diabetes deaths. Individuals participating in SNAP exhibited higher total and cardiovascular disease mortality, largely limited to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, than both SNAP-eligible nonparticipants and SNAP-ineligible individuals, and higher diabetes mortality across races/ethnicities (P>.01). Conclusions. Participants in SNAP require greater focus to understand and further address their poor health outcomes. Public Health Implications. Low-income Americans require even greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive, and such efforts should be a priority for public health policymakers.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community-based randomized trial of hepatitis b screening among high-risk Vietnamese Americans
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ma, G.X.
Author-Name: Fang, C.Y.
Author-Name: Seals, B.
Author-Name: Feng, Z.
Author-Name: Tan, Y.
Author-Name: Siu, P.
Author-Name: Yeh, M.C.
Author-Name: Golub, S.A.
Author-Name: Nguyen, M.T.
Author-Name: Tran, T.
Author-Name: Wang, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 433-440
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based liver cancer prevention program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among low-income, underserved Vietnamese Americans at high risk. Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized trial involving 36 Vietnamese community-based organizations and 2337 participants in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City between 2009 and 2014. We randomly assigned 18 community-based organizations to a community-based multilevel HBV screening intervention (n = 1131). We randomly assigned the remaining 18 community-based organizations to a general cancer education program (n = 1206), which included information about HBV-related liver cancer prevention. We assessed HBV screening rates at 6-month follow-up. Results. Intervention participants were significantly more likely to have undergone HBV screening (88.1%) than were control group participants (4.6%). In a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis, the intervention effect on screening outcomes remained statistically significant after adjustment for demographic and health care access variables, including income, having health insurance, having a regular health provider, and English proficiency. Conclusions. A community-based, culturally appropriate, multilevel HBV screening intervention effectively increases screening rates in a high-risk, hard-to-reach Vietnamese American population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Big food's ambivalence: Seeking profit and responsibility for health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Tempels, T.
Author-Name: Verweij, M.
Author-Name: Blok, V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 402-406
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601
Abstract: In this article, we critically reflect on the responsibilities that the food industry has for public health. Although food companies are often significant contributors to public health problems (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes), the mere possibility of corporate responsibility for public health seems to be excluded in the academic public health discourse. We argue that the behavior of several food companies reflects a split corporate personality, as they contribute to public health problems and simultaneously engage in activities to prevent them. By understanding responsibility for population health as a shared responsibility, we reassess the moral role of the food industry from a forward-looking perspective on responsibility and ask what food companies can and should do to promote health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The nurses' health study and nurses: Beyond specimens and questionnaires
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Birkhead, S.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e3
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Community health records: Establishing a systematic approach to improving social and physical determinants of health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Van Brunt, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 407-412
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602
Abstract: To systematically improve population health in the United States, community health records (CHRs) must be defined, developed, and implemented. Like electronic and personal health records, CHRs have both unique and overlapping information. CHRs contain data about communities, including the social, physical, and lifestyle determinants of health. These records will serve to complement electronic andpersonal health records to provide a more complete view of population health, allowing stakeholders to target community health and quality-of-life interventions in a data-driven and evidence-based manner, establishing the basis from which organizations can develop a systematic approach to improving community health. This commentary calls on the United States to conduct a set of consensus activities to define and implement CHRs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: UDO et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Udo, I.E.
Author-Name: Lewis, J.B.
Author-Name: Tobin, J.N.
Author-Name: Ickovics, J.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: e1-e2
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Multilevel prevention trial of alcohol use among American Indian and white high school students in the Cherokee nation
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Komro, K.A.
Author-Name: Livingston, M.D.
Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C.
Author-Name: Kominsky, T.K.
Author-Name: Pettigrew, D.W.
Author-Name: Garrett, B.A.
Author-Name: Boyd, B.J.
Author-Name: Boyd, M.L.
Author-Name: Livingston, B.J.
Author-Name: Lynne, S.D.
Author-Name: Molina, M.M.
Author-Name: Merlo, L.J.
Author-Name: Tobler, A.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Pages: 453-459
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a multilevel intervention designed to prevent underage alcohol use among youths living in the Cherokee Nation. Methods. We randomly assigned 6 communities to a control, Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA; a community-organizing intervention targeting alcohol access) only, CONNECT (a school-based universal screening and brief intervention) only, or a combined condition. We collected quarterly surveys 2012-2015 from students starting in 9th and 10th grades and ending in 11th and 12th grades. Response rates ranged from 83% to 90%; 46% of students were American Indian (of which 80% were Cherokee) and 46% were White only. Results. Students exposed to CMCA, CONNECT, and both showed a significant reduction in the probability over time of 30-day alcohol use (25%, 22%, and 12% reduction, respectively) and heavy episodic drinking (24%, 19%, and 13% reduction) compared with students in the control condition, with variation in magnitude of effects over the 2.5-year intervention period. Conclusions. CMCA and CONNECT are effective interventions for reducing alcohol use among American Indian and other youths living in rural communities. Challenges remain for sustaining intervention effects.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the February 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 203-204
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Children Need Sufficient Time to Eat School Lunch
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Harrell, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 198
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The progress of US hospitals in addressing community health needs
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Cramer, G.R.
Author-Name: Singh, S.R.
Author-Name: Flaherty, S.
Author-Name: Young, G.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 255-261
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570
Abstract: Objectives. To identify how US tax-exempt hospitals are progressing in regard to community health needs assessment (CHNA) implementation following the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods.We analyzed data on more than 1500 tax-exempt hospitals in 2013 to assess patterns in CHNA implementation and to determine whether a hospital's institutional and community characteristics are associated with greater progress. Results. Our findings show wide variation among hospitals in CHNA implementation. Hospitals operating as part of a health system as well as hospitals participating in a Medicare accountable care organization showed greater progress in CHNA implementation whereas hospitals serving a greater proportion of uninsured showed less progress. We also found that hospitals reporting the highest level of CHNA implementation progress spent more on community health improvement. Conclusions. Hospitals widely embraced the regulations to perform a CHNA. Less is known about how hospitals are moving forward to improve population health through the implementation of programs to meet identified community needs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lifetime prevalence of investigating child maltreatment among US children
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kim, H.
Author-Name: Wildeman, C.
Author-Name: Jonson-Reid, M.
Author-Name: Drake, B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 274-280
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545
Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the lifetime prevalence of official investigations for child maltreatment among children in the United States. Methods. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files (2003-2014) and Census data to develop synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of reported childhood maltreatment. We extend previous work, which explored only confirmed rates of maltreatment, and we add new estimations of maltreatment by subtype, age, and ethnicity. Results. We estimate that 37.4% of all children experience a child protective services investigation by age18years.Consistent with previous literature, we found a higher rate for African American children (53.0%) and the lowest rate for Asians/Pacific Islanders (10.2%). Conclusions. Child maltreatment investigations are more common than is generally recognized when viewed across the lifespan. Building on other recent work, our data suggest a critical need for increased preventative and treatment resources in the area of child maltreatment.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Incidence of mental health diagnoses in veterans of operations Iraqi freedom, enduring freedom, and new dawn, 2001-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ramsey, C.
Author-Name: Dziura, J.
Author-Name: Justice, A.C.
Author-Name: Altalib, H.H.
Author-Name: Bathulapalli, H.
Author-Name: Burg, M.
Author-Name: Decker, S.
Author-Name: Driscoll, M.
Author-Name: Goulet, J.
Author-Name: Haskell, S.
Author-Name: Kulas, J.
Author-Name: Wang, K.H.
Author-Name: Mattocks, K.
Author-Name: Brandt, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 329-335
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate gender, age, and race/ethnicity as predictors of incident mental health diagnoses among Operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and New Dawn veterans. Methods. We used US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health records from 2001 to 2014 to examine incidence rates and socio demographic risk factors for mental health diagnoses among 888 142 veterans. Results. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequently diagnosed mental health condition across gender and age groups. Incidence rates for all mental health diagnoses were highest at ages 18 to 29 years and declined thereafter, with the exceptions of major depressive disorder (MDD) in both genders, and PTSD among women. Risk of incident bipolar disorder and MDD diagnoses were greater among women; risk of incident schizophrenia, and alcohol- and drug-use disorders diagnoses were greater in men. Compared with Whites, risk incident PTSD, MDD, and alcohol-use disorder diagnoses were lower at ages 18 to 29 years and higher at ages 45 to 64 years for both Hispanics and African Americans. Conclusions. Differentiating high-risk demographic and gender groups can lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of mental health diagnoses among veterans and other high-risk groups.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Familial factors, victimization, and psychological health among sexual minority adolescents in Sweden
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Donahue, K.
Author-Name: Långström, N.
Author-Name: Lundström, S.
Author-Name: Lichtenstein, P.
Author-Name: Forsman, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 322-328
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573
Abstract: Objectives.To determine the influences of victimization experience and familial factors on the association between sexual minority status and psychological health outcomes among adolescents. Methods. We used data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, a prospective, population-based study of all twins born in Sweden since 1992. Cross-sectional analyses included individuals who completed assessments at age 18 years (n = 4898) from 2000 to 2013. We also compared psychological health among sexual minority adolescents and their nonminority co-twins. Results. Sexual minority adolescents were more likely than were unrelated nonminority adolescents to report victimization experiences, including emotional abuse, physical abuse or neglect, and sexual abuse. Sexual minority adolescents also reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disordered eating, and substance misuse in addition to increased parent-reported behavior problems. Victimization experience partially mediated these associations. However, when controlling for unmeasured familial confounding factors by comparing sexual minority adolescents to their same-sex, nonminority co-twins, the effect of sexual minority status on psychological health was almost entirely attenuated. Conclusions. Familial factors - common genetic or environmental influences - may explain decreased psychological adjustment among sexual minority adolescents.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How has legal recreational cannabis affected adolescents in your state? A window of opportunity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ewing, S.W.F.
Author-Name: Lovejoy, T.I.
Author-Name: Choo, E.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 246-247
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transgender demographics: A household probability sample of US adults, 2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Crissman, H.P.
Author-Name: Berger, M.B.
Author-Name: Graham, L.F.
Author-Name: Dalton, V.K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 213-215
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571
Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the proportion of US adults who identify as transgender and to compare the demographics of the transgender and nontransgender populations. Methods.We conducted a secondary analysis of data from states and territories in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System that asked about transgender status. The proportion of adults identified as transgender was calculated from affirmative and negative responses (n = 151 456). We analyzed data with a design-adjusted Χ2 test. We also explored differences between male-to-female and nontransgender females and female-to-male and nontransgender males. Results.Transgender individuals made up 0.53% (95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.61) of the population and were more likely to be non-White (40.0% vs 27.3%) and below the poverty line (26.0% vs 15.5%); as likely to be married (50.5% vs 47.7%), living in a rural area (28.7% vs 22.6%), and employed (54.3% vs 57.7%); and less likely to attend college (35.6% vs 56.6%) compared with nontransgender individuals. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the transgender population is a racially diverse population present across US communities. Inequalities in the education and socioeconomic status have negative implications for the health of the transgender population.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The health of the transgender community: Out, proud, and coming into their own
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Landers, S.
Author-Name: Kapadia, F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 205-206
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys: Disparities by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Blashill, A.J.
Author-Name: Calzo, J.P.
Author-Name: Griffiths, S.
Author-Name: Murray, S.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 319-321
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys as a function of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods. We analyzed boys from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 6248; mean age = 16), a representative sample of US high school students. Lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse was dichotomized as never versus 1 or more times. Results. Sexual minority boys reported elevated misuse compared with heterosexual boys, within each level of race/ethnicity. Black, Hispanic, and White sexual minority boys reported misuse at approximately 25%, 20%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in anabolic steroid misuse disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic sexual minority adolescent boys, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these disparities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Introduction to a reprint of Emilia Lombardi's "enhancing transgender health care"
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brown, T.M.
Author-Name: Fee, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 232-233
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The association of a large-scale television campaign with exclusive breastfeeding prevalence in Vietnam
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nguyen, T.T.
Author-Name: Alayón, S.
Author-Name: Jimerson, A.
Author-Name: Naugle, D.
Author-Name: Nguyen, P.H.
Author-Name: Hajeebhoy, N.
Author-Name: Baker, J.
Author-Name: Baume, C.
Author-Name: Frongillo, E.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 312-318
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the association between exposure to breastfeeding television spots and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Methods. We performed face-to-face interviews with 11 722 mothers of infants younger than 6 months using 5 cross-sectional surveys 6 or more months apart between 2011 and 2014 in Vietnam. Sample sizes were 2065 to 2593, and approximately 50% of participants lived in areas with (Alive & Thrive [A&T]-intensive [I]) and approximately 50% without (A&T-nonintensive [NI]) facilities offering counseling services. We analyzed data at individual and commune levels separately for A&T-I and A&T-NI areas. Results. Exposure to television spots was associated with higher EBF in A&T-I (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.70, 4.12) and A&T-NI (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67) areas. In A&T-I areas, mothers who could recall at least 1 message were more likely to report EBF. In A&T-NI areas, only recall of at least 3 messages was associated with higher EBF. In communes, 1 message recalled (mean score range = 0.3-2.4) corresponded to 17 (P = .005) and 8 (P = .1) percentage points higher EBF prevalence in A&T-I and A&T-NI communes, respectively. Conclusions. Massmedia should be part of comprehensive programs to promote EBF.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: More states should regulate pain management clinics to promote public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rutkow, L.
Author-Name: Vernick, J.S.
Author-Name: Alexander, G.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 240-243
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Neumann, M.S.
Author-Name: Finlayson, T.J.
Author-Name: Pitts, N.L.
Author-Name: Keatley, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-212
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509
Abstract: Transgender persons are at high risk for HIV infection, but prevention efforts specifically targeting these people have been minimal. Part of the challenge of HIV prevention for transgender populations is that numerous individual, interpersonal, social, and structural factors contribute to their risk. By combining HIV prevention services with complementary medical, legal, and psychosocial services, transgender persons' HIV risk behaviors, risk determinants, and overall health can be affected simultaneously. For maximum health impact, comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons warrants efforts targeted to various impact levels - socioeconomic factors, decision-making contexts, long-lasting protections, clinical interventions, and counseling and education. We present current HIV prevention efforts that reach transgender persons and present others for future consideration.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The contagious spread of violence among US adolescents through social networks
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bond, R.M.
Author-Name: Bushman, B.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 288-294
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550
Abstract: Objectives. To test the hypothesis that violence among US adolescents spreads like a contagious disease through social networks. Methods. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 90 118 US students aged 12 to 18 years who were involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Violence was assessed by having participants report the number of times in the preceding 12 months they had been involved in a serious physical fight, had hurt someone badly, and had pulled a weapon on someone. Results. Participants were 48% more likely to have been involved in a serious fight, 183% more likely to have hurt someone badly, and 140% more likely to have pulled a weapon on someone if a friend had engaged in the same behavior. The influence spread up to 4 degrees of separation (i.e., friend of friend of friend of friend) for serious fights, 2 degrees for hurting someone badly, and 3 degrees for pulling a weapon on someone. Conclusions. Adolescents were more likely to engage in violent behavior if their friends did the same, and contagion of violence extended beyond immediate friends to friends of friends.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: US traffic fatalities, 1985-2014, and their relationship to medical marijuana laws
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Santaella-Tenorio, J.
Author-Name: Mauro, C.M.
Author-Name: Wall, M.M.
Author-Name: Kim, J.H.
Author-Name: Cerdá, M.
Author-Name: Keyes, K.M.
Author-Name: Hasin, D.S.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Martins, S.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 336-342
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the association of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) with traffic fatality rates. Methods. Using data from the 1985-2014 Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined the association between MMLs and traffic fatalities in multilevel regression models while controlling for contemporaneous secular trends. We examined this association separately for each state enacting MMLs. We also evaluated the association between marijuana dispensaries and traffic fatalities. Results. On average, MML states had lower traffic fatality rates than non-MML states. Medical marijuana laws were associated with immediate reductions in traffic fatalities in those aged 15 to 24 and 25 to 44 years, and with additional yearly gradual reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. However, state-specific results showed that only 7 states experienced post-MML reductions. Dispensaries were also associated with traffic fatality reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. Conclusions. Both MMLs and dispensaries were associated with reductions in traffic fatalities, especially among those aged 25 to 44 years. State-specific analysis showed heterogeneity of the MML-traffic fatalities association, suggesting moderation by other local factors. These findings could influence policy decisions on the enactment or repealing of MMLs and how they are implemented.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police, 2010-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buehler, J.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 295-297
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575
Abstract: Objectives. To update previous examinations of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police. Methods. I examined online national vital statistics data for deaths assigned an underlying cause of "legal intervention" (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, external-cause-of-injury codes Y35.0-Y35.7, excluding Y35.5 [legal execution]) for the 5-year period 2010 to 2014. Results. Death certificates identified 2285 legal intervention deaths (1.5 per million population per year) from 2010 to 2014. Among males aged 10 years or older, who represented 96% of these deaths, the mortality rate among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals was 2.8 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than that among White individuals. Conclusions. Substantial racial/ethnic disparities in legal intervention deaths remain an ongoing problem in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Sokolow et al. Respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sokolow, S.
Author-Name: Godwin, H.
Author-Name: Cole, B.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: e9-e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effect of medicaid expansion on workforce participation for people with disabilities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hall, J.P.
Author-Name: Shartzer, A.
Author-Name: Kurth, N.K.
Author-Name: Thomas, K.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 262-264
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543
Abstract: Objectives. To use data from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) to examine differences in employment among community-living, working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) with disabilities who live in Medicaid expansion states and nonexpansion states. Methods. Analyses used difference-in-differences to compare trends in pooled, cross-sectional estimates of employment by state expansion status for 2740 HRMS respondents reporting a disability, adjusting for individual and state characteristics. Results. After the Affordable Care Act (ACA), respondents in expansion states were significantly more likely to be employed compared with those in nonexpansion states (38.0% vs 31.9%; P = .011). Conclusions. Prior to the ACA, many people with disabilities were required to live in poverty to maintain their Medicaid eligibility. With Medicaid expansion, they can now enter the workforce, increase earnings, and maintain coverage. Public Health Implications. Medicaid expansion may improve employment for people with disabilities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Could the president and congress precipitate a public health crisis?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, D.M.
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Grogan, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 234-235
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Carbon footprint of water in California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Andrew, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Incarceration rates and traits of sexual minorities in the United States: National inmate survey, 2011-2012
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meyer, I.H.
Author-Name: Flores, A.R.
Author-Name: Stemple, L.
Author-Name: Romero, A.P.
Author-Name: Wilson, B.D.M.
Author-Name: Herman, J.L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 267-273
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576
Abstract: Objectives. To report characteristics of sexual minority US inmates. Methods. We drew our data from the National Inmate Survey, 2011-2012, a probability sample of inmates in US prisons and jails. We determined weighted proportions and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to estimate differences between sexual minority and heterosexual inmates. Results. Sexual minorities (those who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or report a same-sex sexual experience before arrival at the facility) were disproportionately incarcerated: 9.3% of men in prison, 6.2% of men in jail, 42.1% of women in prison, and 35.7% of women in jail were sexual minorities. The incarceration rate of self-identified lesbian, gay, or bisexual persons was 1882 per 100 000, more than 3 times that of the US adult population. Compared with straight inmates, sexual minorities were more likely to have been sexually victimized as children, to have been sexually victimized while incarcerated, to have experienced solitary confinement and other sanctions, and to report current psychological distress. Conclusions. There is disproportionate incarceration, mistreatment, harsh punishment, and sexual victimization of sexual minority inmates, which calls for special public policy and health interventions.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transgender population size in the United States: A meta-regression of population-based probability samples
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Meerwijk, E.L.
Author-Name: Sevelius, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: e1-e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578
Abstract: Background. Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The population size of transgender individuals in the United States is not well-known, in part because official records, including the US Census, do not include data on gender identity. Population surveys today more often collect trans-gender inclusive gender-identity data, and secular trends in culture and the media have created a somewhat more favorable environment for transgender people. Objectives. To estimate the current population size of transgender individuals in the United States and evaluate any trend over time. Search methods. In June and July 2016, we searched PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science for national surveys, as well as "gray" literature, through an Internet search. We limited the search to 2006 through 2016. Selection criteria. We selected population-based surveys that used probability sampling and included self-reported transgender-identity data. Data collection and analysis. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool eligible surveys and used meta-regression to address our hypothesis that the transgender population size estimate would increase over time. We used subsample and leave-one-out analysis to assess for bias. Main results. Our meta-regression model, based on 12 surveys covering 2007 to 2015, explained 62.5% of model heterogeneity, with a significant effect for each unit increase in survey year (F = 17.122; df = 1,10; b = 0.026%; P = .002). Extrapolating these results to 2016 suggested a current US population size of 390 adults per 100 000, or almost 1 million adults nationally. This estimate may be more indicative for younger adults, who represented more than 50% of the respondents in our analysis. Authors' conclusions. Future national surveys are likely to observe higher numbers of transgender people. The large variety in questions used to ask about transgender identity may account for residual heterogeneity in our models. Public health implications. Under- or non-representation of transgender individuals in population surveys is a barrier to understanding social determinants and health disparities faced by this population. We recommend using standardized questions to identify respondents with transgender and nonbinary gender identities, which will allow a more accurate population size estimate.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Polls, the election, and public health research: Reaching the hard to reach
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Van Lenthe, F.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-238
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Shaping a new field: Three key challenges for population health science
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bachrach, C.A.
Author-Name: Daley, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 251-252
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward developing clinical competence: Improving health care of gender diverse people
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Dickey, L.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 222-223
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The transgender women of color initiative: Implementing and evaluating innovative interventions to enhance engagement and retention in HIV care
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rebchook, G.
Author-Name: Keatley, J.
Author-Name: Contreras, R.
Author-Name: Perloff, J.
Author-Name: Molano, L.F.
Author-Name: Reback, C.J.
Author-Name: Ducheny, K.
Author-Name: Nemoto, T.
Author-Name: Lin, R.
Author-Name: Birnbaum, J.
Author-Name: Woods, T.
Author-Name: Xavier, J.
Author-Name: Shade, S.
Author-Name: Maiorana, A.
Author-Name: Sevelius, J.
Author-Name: Deutsch, M.
Author-Name: Chakravarty, D.
Author-Name: Gutierrez-Mock, L.
Author-Name: Ferguson, S.
Author-Name: Bockting, W.
Author-Name: Galvan, F.
Author-Name: Paul, J.
Author-Name: Kuhns, L.
Author-Name: Weissman, M.
Author-Name: Hirschfield, S.
Author-Name: Fletcher, J.B.
Author-Name: Kisler, K.
Author-Name: Motherwell, V.
Author-Name: Swartz, J.
Author-Name: Iwamoto, M.
Author-Name: Suzuki, S.
Author-Name: Tryon, J.
Author-Name: Franza, K.
Author-Name: Lee, J.
Author-Name: Eastwood, B.
Author-Name: Wilson, E.
Author-Name: Arayasirikul, S.
Author-Name: Cajina, A.
Author-Name: Nguyen, C.
Author-Name: Solomon-Brimage, N.
Author-Name: Tinsley, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 224-229
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582
Abstract: To improve health outcomes among transgender women of color living with HIV, the Health Resources and Services Administration's Special Programs of National Significance program funded the Enhancing Engagement and Retention in Quality HIV Care for Transgender Women of Color Initiative in 2012. Nine demonstration projects in four US urban areas implemented innovative, theory-based interventions specifically targeting transgender women of color in their jurisdictions. An evaluation and technical assistance center was funded to evaluate the outcomes of the access to care interventions, and these findings will yield best practices and lessons learned to improve the care and treatment of transgender women of color living with HIV infection.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in walking and cycling safety: Recent evidence from high-income countries, with a focus on the United States and Germany
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Buehler, R.
Author-Name: Pucher, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 281-287
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546
Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities per capita (1990-2014) and per kilometer (2000-2010) in selected high-income countries, and in fatalities and serious injuries per kilometer by age in the United States and Germany (2001-2009). Methods. We used Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development data to estimate 5-year annual averages of per-capita fatalities relative to the 1990-1994 average. To control for exposure, we divided fatalities and serious injuries by kilometers of walking or cycling per year for countries with comparable data from national household travel surveys. Results. Most countries have reduced pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates per capita and per kilometer. The serious injuries data show smaller declines or even increases in rates per kilometer. There are large differences by age group in fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer, with seniors having the highest rates. The United States has much higher fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer than the other countries examined, and has made the least progress in reducing per-capita fatality rates. Conclusions. The United States must greatly improve walking and cycling conditions. All countries should focus safety programs on seniors and children.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Universal health coverage and public health: Ensuring parity and complementarity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ottersen, T.
Author-Name: Schmidt, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 248-250
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Impact of a text-messaging programon adolescent reproductive health: A cluster-randomized trial in Ghana
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Rokicki, S.
Author-Name: Cohen, J.
Author-Name: Salomon, J.A.
Author-Name: Fink, G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 298-305
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether text-messaging programs can improve reproductive health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial among 756 female students aged 14 to 24 years in Accra, Ghana, in 2014. We randomized 38 schools to unidirectional intervention (n = 12), interactive intervention (n = 12), and control (n = 14). The unidirectional intervention sent participants text messages with reproductive health information. The interactive intervention engaged adolescents in text-messaging reproductive health quizzes. The primary study outcome was reproductive health knowledge at 3 and 15 months. Additional outcomes included self-reported pregnancy and sexual behavior. Analysis was by intent-to-treat. Results. From baseline to 3months, the unidirectional intervention increased knowledge by 11 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI]= 7, 15) and the interactive intervention by 24 percentage points (95% CI = 19, 28), from a control baseline of 26%. Although we found no changes in reproductive health outcomes overall, both unidirectional (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.71) and interactive interventions (OR= 0.15; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.86) lowered odds of self-reported pregnancy for sexually active participants. Conclusions. Text-messaging programs can lead to large improvements in reproductive health knowledge and have the potential to lower pregnancy risk for sexually active adolescent girls.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Leveraging housing vouchers to address health disparities
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Miles, D.R.B.
Author-Name: Samuels, B.
Author-Name: Pollack, C.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 238-240
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Eliminating coverage discrimination through the essential health benefit's anti-discrimination provisions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Guo, E.
Author-Name: Jacobs, D.B.
Author-Name: Kesselheim, A.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 253-254
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lessons from a 2016 large-scale contamination of cereals with Salmonella altona in Israel
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kopel, E.
Author-Name: Davidovitch, N.
Author-Name: Levine, H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-245
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Lost in E-cigarette clouds: A culture on the rise
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Jarmul, S.
Author-Name: Aherrera, A.
Author-Name: Rule, A.M.
Author-Name: Olmedo, P.
Author-Name: Chen, R.
Author-Name: Navas-Acien, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 265-266
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: How will public health fare in a trump administration?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wilensky, G.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 235-237
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Human trafficking of minors and childhood adversity in Florida
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reid, J.A.
Author-Name: Baglivio, M.T.
Author-Name: Piquero, A.R.
Author-Name: Greenwald, M.A.
Author-Name: Epps, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 306-311
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the link between human trafficking of minors and childhood adversity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cumulative childhood adversity (ACE score) among a sample of 913 juvenile justice-involved boys and girls in Florida for whom the Florida child abuse hotline accepted human trafficking abuse reports between 2009 and 2015 with those of a matched sample. Results. ACE composite scores were higher and 6 ACEs indicative of child maltreatment were more prevalent among youths who had human trafficking abuse reports. Sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of human trafficking: the odds of human trafficking was 2.52 times greater for girls who experienced sexual abuse, and there was a 8.21 times greater risk for boys who had histories of sexual abuse. Conclusions. Maltreated youths are more susceptible to exploitation in human trafficking. Sexual abuse in connection with high ACE scores may serve as a key predictor of exploitation in human trafficking for both boys and girls.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Transgender health: New Zealand's innovative statistical standard for gender identity
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pega, F.
Author-Name: Reisner, S.L.
Author-Name: Sell, R.L.
Author-Name: Veale, J.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 217-221
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465
Abstract: The implementation of the New Zealand government's recently developed statistical standard for gender identity has led to, and will stimulate further, collection of gender identity data in administrative records, population surveys, and perhaps the census. This will provide important information about the demographics, health service use, and health outcomes of transgender populations to allow evidence-based policy development and service planning. However, the standard does not promote the two-question method, risking misclassification and undercounts; does promote the use of the ambiguous response category "gender diverse" in standard questions; and is not intersex inclusive. Nevertheless, the statistical standard provides a first model for other countries and international organizations, including United Nations agencies, interested in policy tools for improving transgender people's health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Arnold et al. respond
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Arnold, B.F.
Author-Name: Benjamin-Chung, J.
Author-Name: Schiff, K.C.
Author-Name: Griffith, J.F.
Author-Name: Weisberg, S.B.
Author-Name: Colford, J.M., Jr.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: e10-e11
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Systematic review: A method at risk for being corrupted
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bero, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-96
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518
Abstract: The production of systematic reviews is increasing, but their credibility is under threat. Although systematic reviews are an important tool for policymaking, their influence can be weakened by methodological problems and poor policy relevance. Using Cochrane as an example, I address standards for systematic reviews, the influence of special interests on these reviews, and ways to increase their relevance for policymakers.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A major shortcoming in the public health legacy of the Obama administration
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Zuckerman, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 29-30
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Breast and cervical cancer screening literacy among Korean American women: A community health worker-led intervention
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Han, H.-R.
Author-Name: Song, Y.
Author-Name: Kim, M.
Author-Name: Hedlin, H.K.
Author-Name: Kim, K.
Author-Name: Lee, H.B.
Author-Name: Roter, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 159-165
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522
Abstract: Objectives. To test a community health worker (CHW)-led health literacy intervention on mammogram and Papanicolaou test screening among Korean American women. Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial at 23 ethnic churches in the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, DC, metropolitan area between 2010 and 2014. Trained CHWs enrolled 560 women. The intervention group received an individually tailored cancer-screening brochure followed by CHW-led health literacy training and monthly telephone counseling with navigation assistance. Study outcomes included receipt of an age-appropriate cancer screening test, health literacy, cancer knowledge, and perceptions about cancer screening at 6 months. Results. The odds of having received a mammogram were 18.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2, 37.4) times higher in the intervention than in the control group, adjusting for covariates. The odds of receiving a Papanicolaou test were 13.3 (95% CI = 7.9, 22.3) times higher; the odds of receiving both tests were 17.4 (95% CI = 7.5, 40.3) times higher. Intervention effects also included increases in health literacy and positive perceptions about cancer screening. Conclusions. A health literacy-focused CHW intervention successfully promoted cancer-screening behaviors and related cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in Korean American women.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the January 2017 issue of AJPH
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Galea, S.
Author-Name: Vaughan, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-18
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A public-private partnership to mitigate food insecurity and food waste in Orange County, California
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Garcia-Silva, B.
Author-Name: Handler, E.
Author-Name: Wolfe, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 105-107
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450
Abstract: Food insecurity is a global issue that arises owing to systemic socioeconomic inequities and environmental constraints. To highlight the existence and the extent of food insecurity and food waste, the Orange County Health Department in Orange County, California, created a coalition called "Waste Not Orange County." Orange County is the sixth most populous county in California and has the highest median income, yet 11.4% of those residing in Orange County are food insecure, and 24.0% live in poverty. The overall vision of the coalition is to mitigate hunger in Orange County by educating the community about food donations, identifying food-insecure individuals, and connecting those individuals to sources of food. We examine the coalition's impacts between 2014 and 2016.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What is a safe noise level for the public?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fink, D.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 44-45
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of the affordable care act on health insurance coverage for Asian Americans
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Islam, N.
Author-Name: Yi, S.S.
Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: e12
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluating public health interventions: 5. Causal inference in public health research-do sex, race, and biological factors cause health outcomes?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Glymour, M.M.
Author-Name: Spiegelman, D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 81-85
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539
Abstract: Counterfactual frameworks and statistical methods for supporting causal inference are powerful tools to clarify scientific questions and guide analyses in public health research. Counterfactual accounts of causation contrast what would happen to a population's health under alternative exposure scenarios. A long-standing debate in counterfactual theory relates to whether sex, race, and biological characteristics, including obesity, should be evaluated as causes, given that these variables do not directly correspond to clearly defined interventions. We argue that sex, race, and biological characteristics are important health determinants. Quantifying the overall health effects of these variables is often a natural starting point for disparities research. Subsequent assessments of biological or social pathways mediating those effects can facilitate the development of interventions designed to reduce disparities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Youth exposure to alcohol advertising in national magazines in the United States, 2001-2011
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Ross, C.S.
Author-Name: Henehan, E.R.
Author-Name: Jernigan, D.H.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 136-142
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514
Abstract: Objectives. To update public health surveillance of alcohol advertising to underage populations by assessing alcohol industry compliance with their voluntary guidelines for US magazine advertisements from 2001 to 2011. Methods. Using advertising industry standard sources The Nielsen Company and MediaMark, we evaluated youth exposure to alcohol advertising, and relative advertising exposure of youths versus adults, in 168 national magazines. Results. From 2001 to 2011, magazine alcohol advertising seen by youths declined by 62.9%, from 5.4 billion impressions (single person seeing a single advertisement) to 2.0 billion impressions. Most alcohol advertising (65.1% of ads) was for spirits (e.g., vodka, whiskey). Since 2008, alcohol companies achieved 100% compliance with their limited guidelines. However, youths were overexposed to magazine advertising relative to adults on average 73% of the time. Conclusions. Despite improving compliance with placement guidelines in national editions of the 168 measured magazines, most youth exposure to magazine alcohol advertising exceeded adult exposure, per capita. If alcohol companies adopted stricter guidelines based on public health risk assessments, youths would not be overexposed to alcohol advertising in magazines.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Why cognitive health matters
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Medalia, A.
Author-Name: Erlich, M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 45-47
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: What findings are needed to advocate personalized (precision) prevention of disease?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Weiss, N.S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 86-87
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Gain in insurance coverage and residual uninsurance under the affordable care act: Texas, 2013-2016
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Pickett, S.
Author-Name: Marks, E.
Author-Name: Ho, V.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 120-126
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510
Abstract: Objectives.To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Marketplace on Texas residents and determine which population subgroups benefited the most and which the least. Methods. We analyzed insurance coverage rates among nonelderly Texas adults using the Health Reform Monitoring Survey-Texas from September 2013, just before the first open enrollment period in the Marketplace, through March 2016. Results. Texas has experienced a roughly 6-percentage-point increase in insurance coverage (from 74.7% to 80.6%; P= .012) after implementation of the major insurance provisions of the ACA.The 4 subgroupswith the largest increases in adjusted insurance coverage between 2013 and 2016were persons aged 50to64 years (12.1percentage points; P = .002), Hispanics (10.9 percentage points;P = .002),persons reportingfair orpoor health status (10.2 percentage points; P = .038), and those with a high school diploma as their highest educational attainment (9.2 percentage points; P = .023). Conclusions. Many population subgroups have benefited from the ACA's Marketplace, but approximately 3 million Texas residents still lack health coverage. Adopting the ACA's Medicaid expansion is ameansto address the lack of coverage.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Efficient allocation of public health and behavior change resources: The "difficulty by motivation" matrix
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Resnicow, K.
Author-Name: Teixeira, P.J.
Author-Name: Williams, G.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 55-57
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effects of a new state policy on physical activity practices in child care centers in South Carolina
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: O'Neill, J.R.
Author-Name: Dowda, M.
Author-Name: Neelon, S.E.B.
Author-Name: Neelon, B.
Author-Name: Pate, R.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 144-146
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to determine the extent to which child care centers in South Carolina improved physical activity practices after a new policy took effect. Methods. In 2012, South Carolina adopted new mandatory physical activity standards within its child care quality enhancement program. This quasi-experimental study used North Carolina, a state notmaking policy changes, as the comparison. Participantswere 34 child care centers in South Carolina and 30 centers in North Carolina. Researchers used the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool to conduct center observations before and after policy implementation and then conducted repeated-measures linear regression with interaction between state and time for the Physical Activity Environment Total Score and the 8 subscale scores. Results. Compared with centers in North Carolina, EPAO subscale scores in South Carolina centers increased significantly for the Fixed Play Environment (P < .001) and Physical Activity Training and Education (P = .015). The state-by-time interaction of Physical Activity Environment Total Score approached statistical significance (P = .06). Conclusions. Adoption of new physical activity standards in South Carolina child care centers was associated with improvements in practices aimed at increasing children's physical activity.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Overdose prevention in the United States: A call for supervised injection sites
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kennedy, M.C.
Author-Name: Kerr, T.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 42-43
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Traditional and unexpected partners, from all aspects of American life, must come together to develop public health solutions
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lavizzo-Mourey, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 58-59
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Historical misfeasance: Immorality to justice in public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Reverby, S.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 14-15
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Obama years: Tepid palliation for America's health scourges
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Woolhandler, S.
Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 22-24
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evaluation of the acceptance journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Hull, S.J.
Author-Name: Davis, C.R.
Author-Name: Hollander, G.
Author-Name: Gasiorowicz, M.
Author-Name: Jeffries, W.L., IV
Author-Name: Gray, S.
Author-Name: Bertolli, J.
Author-Name: Mohr, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 173-179
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528
Abstract: Objectives.To evaluate the effectiveness of the Acceptance Journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia in the Black community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Methods. We assessed the campaign's effectiveness using a rolling cross-sectional survey. Data were collected annually online between 2011 and 2015. Each year, a unique sample of Black and White adults, aged 30 years and older, were surveyed in the treatment city (Milwaukee) and in 2 comparison cities that did not have antihomophobia campaigns (St. Louis, MO, and Cleveland, OH; for total sample, n = 3592). Results. Black self-identification and Milwaukee residence were significantly associated with exposure to the campaign, suggesting successful message targeting. The relationship between exposure and acceptance of gay men was significantly mediated through attitudes toward gay men, perceptions of community acceptance, and perceptions of the impact of stigma on gay men, but not through rejection of stereotypes. This model accounted for 39% of variance in acceptance. Conclusions. This evidence suggests that the Acceptance Journeys model of social marketing may be a promising strategy for addressing homophobia in US Black communities.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Maternal age at childbirth and parity as predictors of longevity among women in the United States: The women's health initiative
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shadyab, A.H.
Author-Name: Gass, M.L.S.
Author-Name: Stefanick, M.L.
Author-Name: Waring, M.E.
Author-Name: Macera, C.A.
Author-Name: Gallo, L.C.
Author-Name: Shaffer, R.A.
Author-Name: Jain, S.
Author-Name: LaCroix, A.Z.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 113-119
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503
Abstract: Objectives. To examine associations of maternal age at childbirth and parity with survival to age 90 years (longevity). Methods. We performed a prospective study among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal USwomenin theWomen's Health Initiative recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed through August 29, 2014. We adjusted associations with longevity for demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and health-related characteristics. Results. Among 20 248 women (mean age at baseline, 74.6 years), 10 909 (54%) survived to age 90 years. The odds of longevity were significantly higher in women with later age at first childbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.21 for age 25 years or older vs younger than 25 years; P for trend = .04). Among parous women, the relationship between parity and longevity was significant among White but not Black women. White women with 2 to 4 term pregnancies compared with 1 term pregnancy had higher odds of longevity. Conclusions. Reproductive events were associated with longevity among women. Future studies are needed to determine whether factors such as socioeconomic status explain associations between reproductive events and longevity.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Obama Family's Historic Contribution to Public Health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 19-20
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2017:107:1:19-20_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Creating a taxonomy of local boards of health based on local health departments' perspectives
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shah, G.H.
Author-Name: Sotnikov, S.
Author-Name: Leep, C.J.
Author-Name: Ye, J.
Author-Name: Van Wave, T.W.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 72-80
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516
Abstract: Objectives. To develop a local board of health (LBoH) classification scheme and empirical definitions to provide a coherent framework for describing variation in the LBoHs. Methods. This study is based on data from the 2015 Local Board of Health Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of local health department administrators, with 394 responses. The classification development consisted of the following steps: (1) theoretically guided initial domain development, (2) mapping of the survey variables to the proposed domains, (3) data reduction using principal component analysis and group consensus, and (4) scale development and testing for internal consistency. Results.The final classification scheme included 60 items across 6 governance function domains and an additional domain-LBoH characteristics and strengths, such as meeting frequency, composition, and diversity of information sources. Application of this classification strongly supports the premise that LBoHs differ in their performance of governance functions and in other characteristics. Conclusions. The LBoH taxonomy provides an empirically tested standardized tool for classifying LBoHs from the viewpoint of local health department administrators. Future studies can use this taxonomy to better characterize the impact of LBoHs.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Further decline of trans fatty acids levels among US adults between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Restrepo, B.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 156-158
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate differences in levels of plasma trans fatty acids (TFAs) and a broad set of other markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the US adult population between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010. Methods. Using a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years and older from the 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regression models were estimated to compare levels of TFAs and other markers for CVD risk over time. Results. Significant declines in levels of plasma TFAs and improvements in a variety of other markers for CVD risk were observed in the US adult population. Conclusions. Between the 2 time points, 1999-2000 and 2009-2010, there were substantial decreases in TFA levels and improvements in several other important cardiovascular health indicators in US adults.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: AJPH's First Year
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Morabia, A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 6
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2017:107:1:6_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The relationship between US military officer leadership behaviors and risk of sexual assault of reserve, national guard, and active component servicewomen in nondeployed locations
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sadler, A.G.
Author-Name: Mengeling, M.A.
Author-Name: Booth, B.M.
Author-Name: O'Shea, A.M.J.
Author-Name: Torner, J.C.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 147-155
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520
Abstract: Objectives. To determine if military leader behaviors are associated with active component and Reserve-National Guard servicewomen's risk of sexual assault in the military (SAIM) for nondeployed locations. Methods. A community sample of 1337 Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom-era Army and Air Force servicewomen completed telephone interviews (March 2010-December 2011) querying sociodemographic and military characteristics, sexual assault histories, and leader behaviors.We created 2 factor scores (commissioned and noncommissioned) to summarize behaviors by officer rank. Results. A total of 177 servicewomen (13%) experienced SAIM in nondeployed locations. Negative leader behaviors were associated with increased assault risk, at least doubling servicewomen's odds of SAIM (e.g., noncommissioned officers allowed others in unit to make sexually demeaning comments; odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.8, 4.1). Leader behavior frequencies were similar, regardless of service type. Negative leadership behavior risk factors remained significantly associated with SAIM risk even after adjustment for competing risk. Noncommissioned and commissioned officer factor scores were highly correlated (r = 0.849). Conclusions. The association between leader behaviors and SAIM indicates that US military leaders have a critical role in influencing servicewomen's risk of and safety from SAIM.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Evidence and health policy: Using and regulating systematic reviews
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, D.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 88-92
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485
Abstract: Systematic reviews have, increasingly, informed policy for almost 3 decades. In many countries, systematic reviews have informed policy for public and population health, paying for health care, increasing the quality and efficiency of interventions, and improving the effectiveness of health sector professionals and the organizations in which they work. Systematic reviews also inform other policy areas: criminal justice, education, social welfare, and the regulation of toxins in the environment. Although the production and use of systematic reviews has steadily increased, many clinicians, public health officials, representatives of commercial organizations, and, consequently, policymakers who are responsive to them, have been reluctant to use these reviews to inform policy; others have actively opposed using them. Systematic reviews could inform policymore effectivelywith changes to current practices and the assumptions that sustain these practices-assumptions made by researchers and the organizations that employ them, by public and private funders of systematic reviews, and by organizations that finance, set priorities and standards for, and publish them. ).
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Population health during the Obama administration: An ambitious strategy with an uncertain future
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Fox, D.M.
Author-Name: Grogan, C.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 32-34
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Pokémon GO: Healthy or harmful?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wagner-Greene, V.R.
Author-Name: Wotring, A.J.
Author-Name: Castor, T.
Author-Name: Kruger, J.
Author-Name: Dake, J.A.
Author-Name: Mortemore, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-36
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548_2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Health and social conditions of the poorest versus wealthiest counties in the United States
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Egen, O.
Author-Name: Beatty, K.
Author-Name: Blackley, D.J.
Author-Name: Brown, K.
Author-Name: Wykoff, R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 130-135
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515
Abstract: Objectives.To more clearly articulate, and more graphically demonstrate, the impact of poverty on various health outcomes and social conditions by comparing the poorest counties to the richest counties in the United States and to other countries in the world. Methods.We used 5-year averages for median household income to form the 3141 US counties into 50 new "states"-each representing2%of the counties in the United States (62 or 63 counties each). We compared the poorest and wealthiest "states." Results. We documented dramatic and statistically significant differences in life expectancy, smoking rates, obesity rates, and almost every other measure of health and well-being between the wealthiest and poorest "states" in the country. The populations of more than half the countries in the world have a longer life expectancy than do US persons living in the poorest "state." Conclusions. This analysis graphically demonstrates the true impact of the extreme socioeconomic disparities that exist in the United States. These differences can be obscured when one looks only at state data, and suggest that practitioners and policymakers should increasingly focus interventions to address the needs of the poorest citizens in the United States.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Twitter as a tool for health research: A systematic review
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sinnenberg, L.
Author-Name: Buttenheim, A.M.
Author-Name: Padrez, K.
Author-Name: Mancheno, C.
Author-Name: Ungar, L.
Author-Name: Merchant, R.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: e1-e8
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512
Abstract: Background. Researchers have used traditional databases to study public health for decades. Less is known about the use of social media data sources, such as Twitter, for this purpose. Objectives. To systematically review the use of Twitter in health research, define a taxonomy to describe Twitter use, and characterize the current state of Twitter in health research. Search methods. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL through September 2015. Selection criteria. We searched for peer-reviewed original research studies that primarily used Twitter for health research. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently screened studies and abstracted data related to the approach to analysis of Twitter data, methodology used to study Twitter, and current state of Twitter research by evaluating time of publication, research topic, discussion of ethical concerns, and study funding source. Main results. Of 1110 unique health-related articles mentioning Twitter, 137 met eligibility criteria. The primary approaches for using Twitter in health research that constitute a new taxonomy were content analysis (56%; n = 77), surveillance (26%; n = 36), engagement (14%; n = 19), recruitment (7%; n = 9), intervention (7%; n = 9), and network analysis (4%; n = 5). These studies collectively analyzed more than 5 billion tweets primarily by using the Twitter application program interface. Of 38 potential data features describing tweets and Twitter users, 23 were reported in fewer than 4% of the articles. The Twitter-based studies in this review focused on a small subset of data elements including content analysis, geotags, and language. Most studies were published recently (33% in 2015). Public health (23%; n = 31) and infectious disease (20%; n = 28) were the research fields most commonly represented in the included studies. Approximately one third of the studies mentioned ethical board approval in their articles. Primary funding sources included federal (63%), university (13%), and foundation (6%). Conclusions. We identified a new taxonomy to describe Twitter use in health research with 6 categories. Many data elements discernible from a user's Twitter profile, especially demographics, have been underreported in the literature and can provide new opportunities to characterize the users whose data are analyzed in these studies. Twitter-based health research is a growing field funded by a diversity of organizations. Public health implications. Future work should develop standardized reporting guidelines for health researchers who use Twitter and policies that address privacy and ethical concerns in social media research.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Trends in personal belief exemption rates among alternative private schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000-2014
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brennan, J.M.
Author-Name: Bednarczyk, R.A.
Author-Name: Richards, J.L.
Author-Name: Allen, K.E.
Author-Name: Warraich, G.J.
Author-Name: Omer, S.B.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 108-112
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods. Methods.Weused California Department ofPublic Health dataon kindergartenPBErates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools. Results. Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 timeshigher than inpublic schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1;95%confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2).Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%). Conclusions. Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: So now what?
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Sundwall, D.N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 26-27
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Effectiveness of local policy efforts to increase the price of cheap cigars in Minnesota
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Brock, B.
Author-Name: Carlson, S.C.
Author-Name: Moilanen, M.
Author-Name: Schillo, B.A.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 127-129
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effect of novel policies designed to increase cheap cigar prices by setting minimum prices at the local level. Methods. Between June 2013 and July 2015, we conducted assessments at tobacco retailers in Minnesota cities of Brooklyn Center (n = 26 in sample; n = 18 assessed before and after policy implementation), Saint Paul (n = 25 in sample; n = 14 assessed pre- and postpolicy), and Maplewood (n = 22 in sample; n = 18 assessed pre- and postpolicy), before and after the adoption of policies setting minimum cigar pricing. Results. After policy implementation across all cities (n = 50), significantly fewer retailers sold single cigars (46% vs 80%; P < .01) and 2- or 3-packs (52% vs 74%; P = .01). In Saint Paul and Maplewood, the average price of the cheapest available single cigars increased significantly by $1.17 (P = .03) and $1.27 (P < .01), respectively; the average price of the cheapest 2-pack increased by $2.46 (P = .02) in Saint Paul and by $3.08 (P < .01) in Maplewood. Policy compliance was high in all cities. Conclusions. This study highlights the potential of policies setting minimumcigar prices to decrease cigar availability and increase price through nontax approaches. Results indicate that these policies are successful in cities of various sizes.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A course on religion and public health at Harvard
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Vander Weele, T.J.
Author-Name: Koenig, H.G.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-49
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: President Barack Obama: Black man extraordinary and ordinary
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Bowleg, L.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 20-22
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Obesity among night shift nurses: Time to intervene
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Williams, G.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 41-42
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The impact of Michigan's partial repeal of the universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Carter, P.M.
Author-Name: Buckley, L.
Author-Name: Flannagan, C.A.C.
Author-Name: Cicchino, J.B.
Author-Name: Hemmila, M.
Author-Name: Bowman, P.J.
Author-Name: Almani, F.
Author-Name: Bingham, C.R.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 166-172
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the partial repeal of Michigan's universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries. Methods. We compared helmet use rates and motorcycle crash fatality risk for the 12 months before and after the April 13, 2012, repeal with a statewide police-reported crash data set. We linked police-reported crashes to injured riders in a statewide trauma registry.We compared head injury before and after the repeal. Regression examined the effect of helmet use on fatality and head injury risk. Results. Helmet use decreased in crash (93.2% vs 70.8%; P < .001) and trauma data (91.1% vs 66.2%; P < .001) after the repeal. Although fatalities did not change overall (3.3% vs 3.2%; P = .87), head injuries (43.4% vs 49.6%; P < .05) and neurosurgical intervention increased (3.7% vs 6.5%; P < .05). Male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.65), helmet nonuse (AOR = 1.84), alcohol intoxication (AOR = 11.31), intersection crashes (AOR = 1.62), and crashes at higher speed limits (AOR = 1.04) increased fatality risk. Helmet nonuse (AOR = 2.31) and alcohol intoxication (AOR = 2.81) increased odds of head injury. Conclusions. Michigan's helmet law repeal resulted in a 24% to27% helmet use decline among riders in crashes and a 14% increase in head injury.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525_7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The dangerous curve and the guardrail: Disease and vaccination
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Kim-Farley, R.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 15-17
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Seven prevention priorities of USPHS scientist officers
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Huang, D.T.
Author-Name: Dee, D.L.
Author-Name: Ko, J.
Author-Name: Houston, K.
Author-Name: Cole, J.G.
Author-Name: Sircar, K.D.
Author-Name: Gaines, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-40
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497_4

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: California's sterilization survivors: An estimate and call for redress
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stern, A.M.
Author-Name: Novak, N.L.
Author-Name: Lira, N.
Author-Name: O'Connor, K.
Author-Name: Harlow, S.
Author-Name: Kardia, S.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 50-54
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489
Abstract: From 1919 to 1952, approximately 20 000 individuals were sterilized in California's state institutions on the basis of eugenic laws that sought to control the reproductive capacity of people labeled unfit and defective. Using data from more than 19 000 sterilization recommendations processed by state institutions over this 33-year period, we provide the most accurate estimate of living sterilization survivors. As of 2016, we estimate that as many as 831individuals,with anaverage age of 87.9 years, are alive. We suggest that California emulate North Carolina and Virginia, states that maintained similar sterilization programs and recently have approved monetary compensation for victims. We discuss the societal obligation for redress of this historical injustice and recommend that California seriously consider reparations and full accountability.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Parental refusal of childhood vaccines and medical neglect laws
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Parasidis, E.
Author-Name: Opel, D.J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 68-71
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500
Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relation of vaccine refusal and medical neglect under child welfare laws. Methods. We used the Westlaw legal database to search court opinions from 1905 to 2016 and identified cases in which vaccine refusal was the sole or a primary reason in a neglect proceeding. We also delineated if religious or philosophical exemptions from required school immunizations were available at the time of adjudication. Results. Our search yielded 9 cases from 5 states. Most courts (7 of 9) considered vaccine refusal to constitute neglect. In the 4 cases decided in jurisdictions that permitted religious exemptions, courts either found that vaccine refusal did not constitute neglect or considered it neglect only in the absence of a sincere religious objection to vaccination. Conclusions. Some states have a legal precedent for considering parental vaccine refusal as medical neglect, but this is based on a small number of cases. Each state should clarify whether, under its laws, vaccine refusal constitutes medical neglect.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500_3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The university-public health partnership for public health research training in Quebec, Canada
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Paradis, G.
Author-Name: Hamelin, A.-M.
Author-Name: Malowany, M.
Author-Name: Levy, J.
Author-Name: Rossignol, M.
Author-Name: Bergeron, P.
Author-Name: Kishchuk, N.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 100-104
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529
Abstract: Enhancing effective preventive interventions to address contemporary public health problems requires improved capacity for appliedpublichealth research. A particular need has been recognized for capacity development in population health intervention research to address the complex multidisciplinary challenges of developing, implementing, and evaluating public health practices, intervention programs, and policies. Research training programs need to adapt to these new realities. We have presented an example of a 2003 to 2015 training program in transdisciplinary research on public health interventions that embedded doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in public health organizations in Quebec, Canada. This university-public health partnership for research training is an example of how to link science and practice to meet emerging needs in public health.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A consequential eight years for health care and public health
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: McDonough, J.E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 24-25
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Tuberculosis screening and control in the US military in war and peace
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Mancuso, J.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 60-67
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) has a well-established association with military populations, but the association of increased TB risk during armed conflict is less certain. This historical review focuses on the evolution of screening practices, the changing epidemiology of TB, and the risk of TB among US military service members during armed conflict from 1885 to the present. Overall, deployed soldiers were not at increased risk for TB compared with nondeployed soldiers in any of these conflicts, and the risk of TB in the US military largely reflected that of the underlying US population. Nevertheless, there are focal risk groups with higher rates of TB in the military, including prisoners of war. Although the principles of TB control in the military conform to those used in the civilian population, unique military exposures during both times of peace and of armed conflict require additional screening, surveillance, and control measures.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502_0

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: A women's health legacy of the Obama administration
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Wood, S.F.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-28
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555_5

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The affordable care act transformation of substance use disorder treatment
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Abraham, A.J.
Author-Name: Andrews, C.M.
Author-Name: Grogan, C.M.
Author-Name: Pollack, H.A.
Author-Name: D'Aunno, T.
Author-Name: Humphreys, K.N.
Author-Name: Friedmann, P.D.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 31-32
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Pokémon GO may increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Nigg, C.R.
Author-Name: Mateo, D.J.
Author-Name: An, J.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-38
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532_8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions via social media
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Lopez, E.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: e9
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491_6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Climate change and water quality: Keeping a finger on the pulse
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Shanley, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: e10
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504_1

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Systematic reviews for policymaking: Muddling through
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Greenhalgh, T.
Author-Name: Malterud, K.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-99
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557_9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Exposure to contaminated drinking water and health disparities in North Carolina
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Author-Name: Stillo, F.
Author-Name: Gibson, J.M.
Year: 2017
Volume: 107
Issue: 1
Pages: 180-185
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482
Abstract: Objectives. To examine drinking water quality in majority Black periurban neighborhoods in Wake County, North Carolina, that are excluded from nearby municipal water service and to estimate the health benefits of extending water service. Methods. We tested 3 samples collected July through December 2014 in 57 private wells for microbial contaminants. We compared contaminant prevalences to those in adjacent community water systems (35 280 samples from routine monitoring). Using a population intervention model, we assessed the number of annual emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness that is preventable by extending water services to the 3799 residents of these periurban communities. Results. Overall, 29.2% of 171 private well samples tested positive for total coliform bacteria and 6.43% for Escherichia coli, compared with 0.556% and 0.00850% of municipal system samples. An estimated 22% of 114 annual emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness could be prevented by extending community water service. Conclusions. Predominantly Black periurban neighborhoods excluded from municipal water service have poorer quality drinking water than do adjacent neighborhoods with municipal services. These disparities increase the risk of emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness.
Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482_7