Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health in All Social Work Programs: Findings From a US National Analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ruth, B.J. Author-Name: Wachman, M.K. Author-Name: Marshall, J.W. Author-Name: Backman, A.R. Author-Name: Harrington, C.B. Author-Name: Schultz, N.S. Author-Name: Ouimet, K.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S267-S273 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a baseline of health content in 4 domains of US social work education-baccalaureate, master's, doctoral, and continuing education programs-and to introduce the Social Work Health Impact Model, illustrating social work's multifaceted health services, from clinical to wide-lens population health approaches. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304034_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Integrating HIV surveillance and field services: Data quality and care continuum in King County, Washington, 2010–2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hood, J.E. Author-Name: Katz, D.A. Author-Name: Bennett, A.B. Author-Name: Buskin, S.E. Author-Name: Dombrowski, J.C. Author-Name: Hawes, S.E. Author-Name: Golden, M.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1938-1943 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069 Abstract: Objectives. To assess how integration of HIV surveillance and field services might influence surveillance data and linkage to care metrics. Methods. We used HIV surveillance and field services data from King County, Washington, to assess potential impact of misclassification of prior diagnoses on numbers of new diagnoses. The relationship between partner services and linkage to care was evaluated with multivariable log-binomial regression models. Results. Of the 2842 people who entered the King County HIV Surveillance System in 2010 to 2015, 52% were newly diagnosed, 41% had a confirmed prior diagnosis in another state, and 7% had an unconfirmed prior diagnosis. Twelve percent of those classified as newly diagnosed for purposes of national HIV surveillance self-reported a prior HIV diagnosis that was unconfirmed. Partner services recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to link to care within 30 days (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.18) and 90 days (adjusted RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) of diagnosis. Conclusions. Integration of HIV surveillance, partner services, and care linkage efforts may improve the accuracy of HIV surveillance data and facilitate timely linkage to care. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304069_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The cumulative probability of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McCauley, E.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1977-1981 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the cumulative probability (c) of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender. Methods. I estimated cumulative probabilities through birth cohort life tables with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997. Results. Estimates demonstrated that those with disabilities have a higher cumulative probability of arrest (c = 42.65) than those without (c = 29.68). The risk was disproportionately spread across races/ethnicities, with Blacks with disabilities experiencing the highest cumulative probability of arrest (c = 55.17) and Whites without disabilities experiencing the lowest (c = 27.55). Racial/ethnic differences existed by gender as well. There was a similar distribution of disability types across race/ethnicity, suggesting that the racial/ethnic differences in arrest may stem from racial/ethnic inequalities as opposed to differential distribution of disability types. Conclusions. The experience of arrest for those with disabilities was higher than expected. Police officers should understand how disabilities may affect compliance and other behaviors, and likewise how implicit bias and structural racism may affect reactions and actions of officers and the systems they work within in ways that create inequities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304095_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Shade sails and passive recreation in public parks of Melbourne and Denver: A randomized intervention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Buller, D.B. Author-Name: English, D.R. Author-Name: Buller, M.K. Author-Name: Simmons, J. Author-Name: Chamberlain, J.A. Author-Name: Wakefield, M. Author-Name: Dobbinson, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1869-1875 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071 Abstract: Objectives. To test whether shade sails will increase the use of passive recreation areas (PRAs). Methods. We conducted a stratified randomized pretest–posttest controlled design study in Melbourne, Australia, and Denver, Colorado, in 2010 to 2014. We randomized a sample of 144 public parks with 2 PRAs in full sun in a 1:3 ratio to treatment or control. Shade sails were built at 1 PRA per treatment park. The outcome was any use of the study PRA (n = 576 pretest and n = 576 posttest observations; 100% follow-up). Results. Compared with control PRAs (adjusted probability of use: pretest = 0.14, posttest = 0.17), use of treatment PRAs (pretest = 0.10, posttest = 0.32) was higher at posttest (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71, 8.94). Shade increased use of PRAs in Denver (control: pretest = 0.18, posttest = 0.19; treatment: pretest = 0.16, posttest = 0.47) more than Melbourne (control: pretest = 0.11, posttest = 0.14; shaded: pretest = 0.06, posttest = 0.19; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.09, 8.14). Conclusions. Public investment in shade is warranted for skin cancer prevention and may be especially useful in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304071_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: No Equity, No Triple Aim: Strategic Proposals to Advance Health Equity in a Volatile Policy Environment Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wilkinson, G.W. Author-Name: Sager, A. Author-Name: Selig, S. Author-Name: Antonelli, R. Author-Name: Morton, S. Author-Name: Hirsch, G. Author-Name: Lee, C.R. Author-Name: Ortiz, A. Author-Name: Fox, D. Author-Name: Lupi, M.V. Author-Name: Acuff, C. Author-Name: Wachman, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S223-S228 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000 Abstract: Health professionals, including social workers, community health workers, public health workers, and licensed health care providers, share common interests and responsibilities in promoting health equity and improving social determinants of health-the conditions in which people live, work, play, and learn. We summarize the underlying causes of health inequity and comparatively poor health outcomes in the United States. We describe barriers to realizing the hope embedded in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, that moving away from fee-for-service payments will naturally drive care upstream as providers respond to greater financial risk by undertaking greater prevention efforts for the health of their patients. We assert that health equity should serve as the guiding framework for achieving the Triple Aim of health care reform and outline practical opportunities for improving care and promoting stronger efforts to address social determinants of health. These proposals include developing a dashboard of measures to assist providers committed to health equity and community-based prevention and to promote institutional accountability for addressing socioeconomic factors that influence health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304000_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Capping Medicaid Funding—lessons From Puerto Rico Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Perreira, K.M. Author-Name: Jones, D.K. Author-Name: Oberlander, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1900-1901 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304138_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health Outcomes and Costs of Social Work Services: A Systematic Review Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Steketee, G. Author-Name: Ross, A.M. Author-Name: Wachman, M.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S256-S266 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004 Abstract: BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce expensive health service utilization, contain costs, improve health outcomes, and address the social determinants of health require research that demonstrates the economic value of health services in population health across a variety of settings. Social workers are an integral part of the US health care system, yet the specific contributions of social work to health and cost-containment outcomes are unknown. The social work profession's person-in-environment framework and unique skillset, particularly around addressing social determinants of health, hold promise for improving health and cost outcomes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304004_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: School-based curriculum to improve depression literacy among US secondary school students: A randomized effectiveness trial Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Swartz, K. Author-Name: Musci, R.J. Author-Name: Beaudry, M.B. Author-Name: Heley, K. Author-Name: Miller, L. Author-Name: Alfes, C. Author-Name: Townsend, L. Author-Name: Thornicroft, G. Author-Name: Wilcox, H.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1970-1976 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the effectiveness of a universal school-based depression education program. Methods. In 2012–2015, we matched 6679 students from 66 secondary schools into pairs by state (Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Oklahoma) and randomized to the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP; n = 3681) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 2998). Trained teachers delivered ADAP as part of the health education curriculum to students aged 14 to 15 years. The primary outcome was depression literacy. Secondary outcomes included mental health stigma and, in a subset of the sample, the receipt of mental health services. Follow-up was at 4 months. Results. ADAP resulted in significantly higher levels of depression literacy among participating students than did waitlist controls, after adjusting for pretest assessment depression literacy (P < .001). Overall, ADAP did not significantly affect stigma (P = .1). After ADAP, students approached 46% of teachers with concerns about themselves or others. Of students who reported the need for depression treatment, 44% received treatment within 4 months of ADAP implementation. Conclusions. ADAP is an effective public health intervention for improving depression literacy among students. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304088_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Call for Submissions: AJPH Instagram Photo Contest Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Patel, S. Author-Name: Anderson, C. Author-Name: Vachhani, P. Author-Name: Guidry, J. Author-Name: Grove, L. Author-Name: Mpody, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1902 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304150_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A History of Social Work in Public Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ruth, B.J. Author-Name: Marshall, J.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S236-S242 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005 Abstract: Social work is a core health profession with origins deeply connected to the development of contemporary public health in the United States. Today, many of the nation's 600 000 social workers practice broadly in public health and in other health settings, drawing on a century of experience in combining clinical, intermediate, and population approaches for greater health impact. Yet, the historic significance of this long-standing interdisciplinary collaboration-and its current implications-remains underexplored in the present era. This article builds on primary and contemporary sources to trace the historic arc of social work in public health, providing examples of successful collaborations. The scope and practices of public health social work practice are explored, and we articulate a rationale for an expanded place for social work in the public health enterprise. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304005_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Buying Drugs Online in the Age of Social Media Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bachhuber, M.A. Author-Name: Merchant, R.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1858-1859 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304137_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health planning for pets Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e28 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304114_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Low-risk cannabis use is an oxymoron Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Braillon, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e26 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304146_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Twitter-based detection of illegal online sale of prescription opioid Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Mackey, T.K. Author-Name: Kalyanam, J. Author-Name: Katsuki, T. Author-Name: Lanckriet, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1910-1915 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994 Abstract: Objectives. To deploy a methodology accurately identifying tweets marketing the illegal online sale of controlled substances. Methods. We first collected tweets from the Twitter public application program interface stream filtered for prescription opioid keywords. We then used unsupervised machine learning (specifically, topic modeling) to identify topics associated with illegal online marketing and sales. Finally, we conducted Web forensic analyses to characterize different types of online vendors. We analyzed 619 937 tweets containing the keywords codeine, Percocet, fentanyl, Vicodin, Oxycontin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone over a 5-month period from June to November 2015. Results. A total of 1778 tweets (< 1%) were identified as marketing the sale of controlled substances online; 90% had imbedded hyperlinks, but only 46 were “live” at the time of the evaluation. Seven distinct URLs linked to Web sites marketing or illegally selling controlled substances online. Conclusions. Our methodology can identify illegal online sale of prescription opioids from large volumes of tweets. Our results indicate that controlled substances are trafficked online via different strategies and vendors. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be used to identify illegal online sellers in criminal violation of the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury laws, 2005–2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Yang, J. Author-Name: Comstock, R.D. Author-Name: Yi, H. Author-Name: Harvey, H.H. Author-Name: Xun, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1916-1922 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the trends of new and recurrent sports-related concussions in high-school athletes before and after youth sports traumatic brain injury laws. Methods. We used an interrupted time-series design and analyzed the concussion data (2005–2016) from High School Reporting Injury Online. We examined the trends of new or recurrent concussion rates among US representative high-school athletes participating in 9 sports across prelaw, immediate-postlaw, and postlaw periods by using general linear models. We defined 1 athlete exposure as attending 1 competition or practice. Results. We included a total of 8043 reported concussions (88.7% new, 11.3% recurrent). The average annual concussion rate was 39.8 per 100 000 athlete exposures. We observed significantly increased trends of reported new and recurrent concussions from the prelaw, through immediate-postlaw, into the postlaw period. However, the recurrent concussion rate showed a significant decline 2.6 years after the laws went into effect. Football exhibited different trends compared with other boys' sports and girls' sports. Conclusions. Observed trends of increased concussion rates are likely attributable to increased identification and reporting. Additional research is needed to evaluate intended long-term impact of traumatic brain injury laws. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Integrating HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) into routine preventive health care to avoid exacerbating disparities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Calabrese, S.K. Author-Name: Krakower, D.S. Author-Name: Mayer, K.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1883-1889 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061 Abstract: More than 3 decades since its emergence in the United States, HIV continues to spread and disproportionately affect socially marginalized groups. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective prevention strategy federally approved since 2012, could fundamentally alter the course of the epidemic. However, PrEP's potential has not been fully realized, in part because health care providers have been slow to adopt PrEP in clinical practice and have been selective in their discussion of PrEP with patients. This nonstandardized approach has constrained PrEP access. PrEP access has not only been inadequate but also inequitable, with several groups in high need showing lower rates of uptake than do their socially privileged counterparts. Recognizing these early warning signs that current approaches to PrEP implementation could exacerbate existing HIV disparities, we call on health professionals to integrate PrEP into routine preventive health care for adult patients—particularly in primary care, reproductive health, and behavioral health settings. Drawing on the empirical literature, we present 4 arguments for why doing so would improve access and access equity, and we conclude that the benefits clearly outweigh the challenges. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Social Work Approach to Policy: Implications for Population Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Miller, D.P. Author-Name: Bazzi, A.R. Author-Name: Allen, H.L. Author-Name: Martinson, M.L. Author-Name: Salas-Wright, C.P. Author-Name: Jantz, K. Author-Name: Crevi, K. Author-Name: Rosenbloom, D.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S243-S249 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003 Abstract: The substantial disparities in health and poorer outcomes in the United States relative to peer nations suggest the need to refocus health policy. Through direct contact with the most vulnerable segments of the population, social workers have developed an approach to policy that recognizes the importance of the social environment, the value of social relationships, and the significance of value-driven policymaking. This approach could be used to reorient health, health care, and social policies. Accordingly, social workers can be allies to public health professionals in efforts to eliminate disparities and improve population health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304003_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Measuring physical activity with heart rate monitors Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hensen, S.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e24 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304121_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Arredondo et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Arredondo, E.M. Author-Name: Crespo, N. Author-Name: Lopez, N.V. Author-Name: Elder, J.P. Author-Name: Haughton, J. Author-Name: Sallis, J. Author-Name: Perez, L. Author-Name: Ayala, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e24-e25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304122_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Understanding increased mortality after gunshot injury Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kent, A.J. Author-Name: Sakran, J.V. Author-Name: Efron, D.T. Author-Name: Haider, A.H. Author-Name: Cornwell, E.E., III Author-Name: Haut, E.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e22-e23 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304100_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community health workers in the United States: Challenges in identifying, surveying, and supporting the workforce Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sabo, S. Author-Name: Allen, C.G. Author-Name: Sutkowi, K. Author-Name: Wennerstrom, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1964-1969 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096 Abstract: Community health workers (CHWs) are members of a growing profession in the United States. Studying this dynamic labor force is challenging, in part because its members have more than 100 different job titles. The demand for timely, accurate information about CHWs is increasing as the profession gains recognition for its ability to improve health outcomes and reduce costs. Although numerous surveys of CHWs have been conducted, the field lacks well-delineated methods for gaining access to this hard-to-identify workforce. We outline methods for surveying CHWs and promising ap-proachestoengagetheworkforce and other stakeholders in conducting local, state, and national studies. We also highlight successful strategies to overcome challenges in CHW surveys and future directions for surveying the field. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304096_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What can we do or Change to Encourage People to Seek Out Preexposure Prophylaxis? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Eaton, L.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1862-1864 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304149_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Cook et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cook, P.J. Author-Name: Rivera-Aguirre, A.E. Author-Name: Cerdá, M. Author-Name: Wintemute, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e23 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304101_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What About the Trees? Trees as Nature-Based “Shade Sails” Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Zarr, R. Author-Name: Conway, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1876-1877 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304155_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evolution of Public Health Education in China Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wu, T. Author-Name: Li, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1893-1895 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304110_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Easiness of legal access to concealed firearm permits and homicide rates in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Siegel, M. Author-Name: Xuan, Z. Author-Name: Ross, C.S. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Kalesan, B. Author-Name: Fleegler, E. Author-Name: Goss, K.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1923-1929 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relation of “shall-issue” laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; “may-issue” laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates. Methods. We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis. Results. Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide. Conclusions. Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dramatic Decreases in US Abortion Rates: Public Health Achievement or Failure? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Foster, D.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1860-1862 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304152_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing Social Work Education for Health Impact Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Browne, T. Author-Name: Keefe, R.H. Author-Name: Ruth, B.J. Author-Name: Cox, H. Author-Name: Maramaldi, P. Author-Name: Rishel, C. Author-Name: Rountree, M. Author-Name: Zlotnik, J. Author-Name: Marshall, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S229-S235 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054 Abstract: Social work education plays a critical role in preparing social workers to lead efforts that improve health. Because of the dynamic health care landscape, schools of social work must educate students to facilitate health care system improvements, enhance population health, and reduce medical costs. We reviewed the existing contributions of social work education and provided recommendations for improving the education of social workers in 6 key areas: aging, behavioral health, community health, global health, health reform, and health policy. We argue for systemic improvement in the curriculum at every level of education, including substantive increases in content in health, health care, health care ethics, and evaluating practice outcomes in health settings. Schools of social work can further increase the impact of the profession by enhancing the curricular focus on broad content areas such as prevention, health equity, population and community health, and health advocacy. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304054_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fischer et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fischer, B. Author-Name: Van Den Brink, W. Author-Name: Hall, W. Author-Name: LeFoll, B. Author-Name: Rehm, J. Author-Name: Room, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e26-e27 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304147_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Venues Where Male Sex Workers Meet Partners: The Emergence of Gay Hookup Apps and Web Sites Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Schrimshaw, E.W. Author-Name: Siegel, K. Author-Name: Meunier, É. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1866-1867 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304118_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Income Volatility: A Preventable Public Health Threat Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Basu, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1898-1899 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304109_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Parks and Shady Areas in Times of Climate Change, Urban Sprawl, and Obesity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Heckman, C.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1856-1858 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304140_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A community-level sodium reduction intervention, Boston, 2013–2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brooks, C.J. Author-Name: Barrett, J. Author-Name: Daly, J. Author-Name: Lee, R. Author-Name: Blanding, N. Author-Name: McHugh, A. Author-Name: Williams, D. Author-Name: Gortmaker, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1951-1957 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate a community-level sodium-reduction intervention in Boston, Massachusetts. Reducing sodium in the food offerings of community settings may help reduce hypertension disparities. Methods. We examined changes in the proportion of prepackaged foods with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in 7 hospitals, 8 YMCAs, 4 community health centers, and 2 organizations serving homeless populations. Research assistants documented prepackaged items in cafeterias, kiosks, and vending machines before and after the intervention (2013–2015). We assessed intervention change via linear mixed models accounting for repeated observations. Results. There were 161 access points at baseline (4347 facings) and 171 (4996 facings) at follow-up. The percentage of prepackaged products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium decreased from 29.0% at baseline to 21.5% at follow-up (P = .003). Changes were driven by improvements in hospital cafeterias and kiosks (P = .003). The percentage of products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in YMCA vending decreased 58% (from 27.2% to 11.5%; P = .017); other organizations had nonsignificant declines. Conclusions. We found modest reductions in the percentage of higher-sodium prepackaged products across community institutions. Community-level interventions may increase availability of lower-sodium products in the food supply. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304070_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vaccines and the Trump Administration—reasons for Optimism Amid Uncertainty Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Schwartz, J.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1892-1893 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304111_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geographic distribution of scorpion exposures in the United States, 2010–2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kang, A.M. Author-Name: Brooks, D.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1958-1963 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the geographic distribution of scorpion envenomations in the United States by zip code, with particular attention to the neurotoxic Centruroides sculpturatus (Arizona bark scorpion), for which an antivenom is available. Methods. We obtained scorpion exposure cases for 2010 to 2015 from the National Poison Data System. Using geographic information systems software, we mapped total exposures and incidence rates for 9 states that reported more than 100 annual calls. We also mapped cases that reported fasciculations and nystagmus (unique to C. sculpturatus among native scorpions). Results. The highest exposure incidences occurred in Phoenix (up to 677 per 100 000 population) and Tucson (584), both in Arizona. Elsewhere, high incidences were found in El Paso, Texas (213); Oklahoma City (209) and Tulsa (178), Oklahoma; and Las Vegas, Nevada (170). Fasciculations and nystagmus were reported in Arizona and southeastern Nevada, with small numbers in surrounding states, including Utah. Conclusions. Scorpion exposures occurred at baseline rates throughout many of the southern states, whereas several states reported effects indicative of Arizona bark scorpion envenomation. Public Health Implications. Public and health care provider education, as well as the stocking of antivenom, should be targeted based on these findings. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304094_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Democratic Policy, Social Movements, and Public Health: A New Theme for AJPH Public Health Forum Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: De Camargo, K.R., Jr. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1855-1856 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304017_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Work's Role in Medicaid Reform: A Qualitative Study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bachman, S.S. Author-Name: Wachman, M. Author-Name: Manning, L. Author-Name: Cohen, A.M. Author-Name: Seifert, R.W. Author-Name: Jones, D.K. Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T. Author-Name: Nuzum, R. Author-Name: Riley, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S3 Pages: S250-S255 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To critically analyze social work's role in Medicaid reform. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304002_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Publicly Funded Family Planning Under Unprecedented Attack Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gold, R.B. Author-Name: Hasstedt, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1895-1897 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304124_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A 21st-century public health approach to abortion Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Roberts, S.C.M. Author-Name: Fuentes, L. Author-Name: Berglas, N.F. Author-Name: Dennis, A.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1878-1882 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068 Abstract: In the United States, groups advocating for and against abortion rights often deploy public health arguments to advance their positions. Recently, these arguments have evolved into state laws that use the government health department infrastructure to increase law enforcement and regulatory activities around abortion. Many major medical and public health associations oppose these new laws because they are not evidence-based and do not protect women's health. Yet state health departments have been defending these laws in court. We propose a 21st-century public health approach to abortion based in an accepted public health framework. Specifically, we apply the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 10 Essential Public Health Services framework to abortion to describe how health departments should engage with abortion. With this public health framework as our guide, we argue that health departments should be facilitating women's ability to obtain an abortion in the state and county where they reside, researching barriers to abortion care in their states and counties, and promoting the use of a scientific evidence base in abortion-related laws, policies, regulations, and implementation of essential services. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304068_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Out of Our Comfort Zone to Improve Population Health: A Public Health of Consequence, December 2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1867-1868 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304113_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Media as a Tool to Increase the Impact of Public Health Research Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Breland, J.Y. Author-Name: Quintiliani, L.M. Author-Name: Schneider, K.L. Author-Name: May, C.N. Author-Name: Pagoto, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1890-1891 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304098_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Text messaging for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence: No effects after 1 year in a randomized controlled trial among adolescents and young adults Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Linnemayr, S. Author-Name: Huang, H. Author-Name: Luoto, J. Author-Name: Kambugu, A. Author-Name: Thirumurthy, H. Author-Name: Haberer, J.E. Author-Name: Wagner, G. Author-Name: Mukasa, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1944-1950 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) reminder messages on antiretroviral and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis adherence among HIV-positive youths as well as the relative effectiveness of SMS with and without a response option. Methods. Eligible HIV-positive patients aged 15 to 22 years at 2 HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda, participated in a year-long parallel individual-randomized controlled trial and were assigned in a 1-to-1-to-1 ratio to a weekly SMS message group, weekly SMS message with response option group, or a usual-care control group. Results. We enrolled 332 participants. Electronically measured mean adherence was 67% in the control group, 64% in the 1-way SMS group (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.14), and 61% in the 2-way SMS group (95% CI = 0.75, 1.12) in an intent-to-treat analysis. Results for secondary outcomes and complete-case analysis were similarly statistically insignificant across groups. Conclusions. Despite previous evidence that interventions using SMS reminders can promote antiretroviral therapy adherence, this study shows that they are not always effective in achieving behavior change. More research is needed to find out for whom, and under what conditions, they can be beneficial. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304089_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Laws Facilitating Gun Carrying and Homicide Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Donohue, J.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1864-1865 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304144_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Population group abortion rates and lifetime incidence of abortion: United States, 2008–2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jones, R.K. Author-Name: Jerman, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1904-1909 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the prevalence of abortion among population groups and changes in rates between 2008 and 2014. Methods. We used secondary data from the Abortion Patient Survey, the American Community Survey, and the National Survey of Family Growth to estimate abortion rates. We used information from the Abortion Patient Survey to estimate the lifetime incidence of abortion. Results. Between 2008 and 2014, the abortion rate declined 25%, from 19.4 to 14.6 per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. The abortion rate for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years declined 46%, the largest of any group. Abortion rates declined for all racial and ethnic groups but were larger for non-White women than for non-Hispanic White women. Although the abortion rate decreased 26% for women with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level, this population had the highest abortion rate of all the groups examined: 36.6. If the 2014 age-specific abortion rates prevail, 24% of women aged 15 to 44 years in that year will have an abortion by age 45 years. Conclusions. The decline in abortion was not uniform across all population groups. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Health is Everyone's Kuleana Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Quade, T.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1845 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304161_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Loaded handgun carrying among US adults, 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rowhani-Rahbar, A. Author-Name: Azrael, D. Author-Name: Lyons, V.H. Author-Name: Simonetti, J.A. Author-Name: Miller, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 1930-1936 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the frequency of loaded handgun carrying among US adult handgun owners, characterize those who carry, and examine concealed carrying by state concealed carry laws. Methods. Using a nationally representative survey of US adults in 2015, we asked handgun owners (n = 1444) about their past-30-day carrying behavior. Results. Among surveyed handgun owners, 24% (95% confidence interval[CI] = 21%, 26%) carried loaded handguns monthly, of whom 35% (95% CI = 29%, 41%) did so daily; 82% (95% CI = 77%, 86%) carried primarily for protection. The proportion of handgun owners who carried concealed loaded handguns in the past 30 days was 21% (95% CI = 12%, 35%) in unrestricted states, 25% (95% CI = 21%, 29%) in shall issue—no discretion states, 20% (95% CI = 16%, 24%) in shall issue—limited discretion states, and 9% (95% CI = 6%, 15%) in may-issue states. Conclusions. We estimate that 9 million US adult handgun owners carry loaded handguns monthly, 3 million do so every day, and most report protection as the main carrying reason. Proportionally fewer handgun owners carry concealed loaded handguns in states that allow issuing authorities substantial discretion in granting carrying permits. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304072_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions in socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority women: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ruiz-Perez, I. Author-Name: Murphy, M. Author-Name: Pastor-Moreno, G. Author-Name: Rojas-García, A. Author-Name: Rodríguez-Barranco, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: e13-e21 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067 Abstract: Background. Surveys in the United States and Europe have shown a plateau of new HIV cases, with certain regions and populations disproportionately affected by the disease. Ethnic minority women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are disproportionately affected by HIV. Previous reviews have focused on prevention interventions targeting ethnic minority men who have sex with men, have not accounted for socioeconomic status, or have included only interventions carried out in clinical settings. Objectives. To review and assess the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority women in member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Search Methods. On March 31, 2014, we executed a search using a strategy designed for the MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases. Additional searches were conducted through the Cochrane Library, CRD Databases, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, EURONHEED, CEA Registry, and the European Action Program for Health Inequities as well as in gray literature sources. No language or date restrictions were applied. Selection Criteria. We selected studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions to prevent HIV among ethnic minority women of low socioeconomic status in which at least 80% of participants were reported to belong to an ethnic minority group and to have a low income or be unemployed. We included only studies that were conducted in OECD member states and were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental investigations with a comparison group. Data Collection and Analysis. A data extraction form was developed for the review and used to collect relevant information from each study. We summarized results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcomes were categorized into 3 groups: improved knowledge regarding transmission of HIV, behavior changes related to HIV transmission, and reductions in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We then performed meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of the prevention interventions in terms of the 3 outcome categories. Main Results. A total of 43 interventions were included, and 31 were judged to be effective, 7 were partially effective, and 5 were ineffective. The most frequently recurring characteristics of these interventions were cultural adaptation, a cognitive–behavioral approach, the use of small groups and trained facilitators, and a program duration of between 1 and 6 weeks. Our meta-analyses showed that the interventions improved knowledge of HIV transmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43, 0.75), increased the frequency of condom use (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.16, 2.19), and significantly reduced the risk of STI transmission by 41% (relative risk = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.75). Conclusions. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions targeting socioeconomically deprived ethnic minority women. Public Health Implications. This is one of the first studies to include a meta-analysis assessing reductions in STI incidence among at-risk women who have participated in HIV prevention programs. The fact that our meta-analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in STI transmission provides important evidence supporting the overall effectiveness of directing prevention programming toward this vulnerable population. For policymakers, this review demonstrates the feasibility of working with multiple intervention components while at the same time facilitating more effective interventions that take into account the principal outcome measures of knowledge, behavior change, and STI transmission rates. The review also underscores the need for additional research outside the United States on the effectiveness of prevention interventions in this vulnerable group. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304067_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Assessing the public health impact of the mhealth app business Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Freudenberg, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1694-1696 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304083_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Deregulation, devolution, and state preemption laws' impact on us mortality trends Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Montez, J.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1749-1750 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304080_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Legacies of 1917 in contemporary Russian public health: Addiction, HIV, and abortion Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rivkin-Fish, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1731-1735 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064 Abstract: I examine the legacies of Soviet public health policy and the socialist health care system and trace howthe Soviet past figures in contemporary Russian policymaking and debates about drug use, HIV, and abortion. Drug policies andmainstream views of HIV reflect continuities with key aspects of Soviet-era policies, although political leaders do not acknowledge these continuities in justifying their policies. In abortion policy, by contrast, which is highly debated in the public realm, advocates representthemselves as differing from Soviet-era policies to justify their positions. Yet abortion activists' views of the past differ tremendously, reminding us that the Soviet past is symbolically productive for arguments about Russia's present and future. I describe key aspects of the Soviet approach to health and compare how current drug policy (and the related management of HIV/AIDS) and abortion policies are discursively shaped in relation to the Soviet historical and cultural legacy. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304064_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geotagged US tweets as predictors of county-level health outcomes, 2015-2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nguyen, Q.C. Author-Name: McCullough, M. Author-Name: Meng, H.-W. Author-Name: Paul, D. Author-Name: Li, D. Author-Name: Kath, S. Author-Name: Loomis, G. Author-Name: Nsoesie, E.O. Author-Name: Wen, M. Author-Name: Smith, K.R. Author-Name: Li, F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1776-1782 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993 Abstract: Objectives. To leverage geotagged Twitter data to create national indicators of the social environment, with small-area indicators of prevalent sentiment and social modeling of health behaviors, and to test associations with county-level health outcomes, while controlling for demographic characteristics. Methods. We used Twitter's streaming application programming interface to continuously collect a random 1% subset of publicly available geo-located tweets in the contiguous United States. We collected approximately 80 million geotagged tweets from 603 363 unique Twitter users in a 12-month period (April 2015-March 2016). Results. Across 3135 US counties, Twitter indicators of happiness, food, and physical activity were associated with lower premature mortality, obesity, and physical inactivity. Alcohol-use tweets predicted higher alcohol-use-related mortality. Conclusions. Socialmedia represents a newtype of real-time data thatmay enable public healthofficials toexaminemovement ofnorms, sentiment, andbehaviors thatmayportend emerging issues or outbreaks-thus providing a way to intervene to prevent adverse health events and measure the impact of health interventions. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303993_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Changes in sugar-sweetened soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference: 2-year cohort of Mexican women Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stern, D. Author-Name: Middaugh, N. Author-Name: Rice, M.S. Author-Name: Laden, F. Author-Name: López-Ridaura, R. Author-Name: Rosner, B. Author-Name: Willett, W. Author-Name: Lajous, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1801-1808 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate 2-year changes in soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference. Methods. We followed 11 218 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort from 2006 to 2008. Dietary data were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight was self-reported, and waist circumference was self-measured. We used linear regression to evaluate changes in sugar-sweetened and sugar-free soda consumption in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference, adjusting for lifestyle and other dietary factors. Results. Compared with no change, a decrease in sugar-sweetened soda consumption by more than 1 serving per week was associated with less weight gain (-0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.6, -0.2). Conversely, relative to no change, an increase in sugar-sweetened soda bymore than 1 serving per weekwas associatedwith a 0.3-kilogram (95% CI = 0.2, 0.5) increase inweight. An increase of 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened sodawas associatedwith a 1.0 kg (95%CI = 0.7, 1.2; P < .001) increase inweight.The results for waist circumference were similar. Conclusions. Moderate changes in consumption of sugar-sweetened soda over a 2-year period were associated with corresponding changes in weight and waist circumference among Mexican women. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304008_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sexual orientation question kept in NSOAAP: "government at Its Best" Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1692-1693 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304075_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The changing pattern of nutrition intake by social class in Contemporary China, 1991-2011 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Xu, Z. Author-Name: Zhang, W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1809-1811 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001 Abstract: Objectives. To explore the changing pattern of nutrition intake by social class in contemporary China. Methods. We defined social class in 2 ways. The first definition was based on employment, and the second definition was based on per capita household income levels. Weused China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1991 to 2011 to show the changes in the relation between social class and nutrition intake. Results. The relation between social class and nutrition intake in China changed significantly within the 2 decades. For example, in the early 1990s, the lowest social class (defined by employment or income) had more caloric intake than did the highest social class; 20 years later, however, the relation reversed, and the lowest social class consumed significantly fewer calories. Conclusions. China has seen a great reversal in its social class-nutrition relationship since the early 1990s. Our study calls for wider recognition that insufficient consumption of food and nutrition is increasingly an issue for people in the lower social classes in China. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304001_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Autism spectrum disorder among US children (2002-2010): Socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Durkin, M.S. Author-Name: Maenner, M.J. Author-Name: Baio, J. Author-Name: Christensen, D. Author-Name: Daniels, J. Author-Name: Fitzgerald, R. Author-Name: Imm, P. Author-Name: Lee, L.-C. Author-Name: Schieve, L.A. Author-Name: Van Naarden Braun, K. Author-Name: Wingate, M.S. Author-Name: Yeargin-Allsopp, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1818-1826 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032 Abstract: Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence. Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators.Weascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance. Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year amongWhite, Black, and Hispanic children.The prevalence difference between highand low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006-2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES. Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Alan gregg, the diary of a thoughtful eye-witness Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ladwig, S. Author-Name: Brown, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1743 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304090_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mexican cohort study predates but predicts the type of body composition changes expected from the mexican sugar-sweetened beverage tax Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Popkin, B.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1702-1703 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304097_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Emergency medical service personnel's risk from violence while serving the community Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Maguire, B.J. Author-Name: O'Neill, B.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1770-1775 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the risks of violence-related injury among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in the United States. Methods.Weanalyzed 1630 violence-related occupational injury cases reported to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for the years 2012 to 2015 and conducted secondary searches within the Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site. Results. The number of cases per year varied between 250 and 560. Perpetrators included patients (77%) and coworkers (8%). Female EMS personnel had a disproportionately greater risk of violence-related injuries. The most common (35%) injury type was "sprains-strains-tears"; about 4% of the assault cases resulted in fractures, 13% resulted in surface wounds, and 190 were head injuries. About a third of the cases were classified as intentional. Conclusions. The findings indicate a clear need for reliable interventions. The differences in risk for women indicate that some interventions may need to be demographic- specific. Because of the limitations of national data, future researchers will need access to agency-level data that include hours worked and call volume by demographic factors such as gender. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303989_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A social network analysis of the financial links backing health and fitness apps Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Grundy, Q. Author-Name: Held, F. Author-Name: Bero, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1783-1788 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995 Abstract: Objectives. To identify the major stakeholders in mobile health app development and to describe their financial relationships using social network analysis. Methods. We conducted a structured content analysis of a purposive sample of prominent health and fitness apps available in November 2015 in the United States, Canada, and Australia. We conducted a social network analysis of apps' developers, investors, other funding sources, and content advisors to describe the financial relationships underpinning health app development. Results. Prominent health and fitness apps are largely developed by private companies based in North America, with an average of 4.7 (SD = 5.5) financial relations, including founders, external investors, acquiring companies, and commercial partnerships. Network analysis revealed a core of 41 sampled apps connected to 415 other entities by 466 financial relations. This core largely comprised apps published by major technology, pharmaceutical, and fashion corporations. About one third of apps named advisors, many of whom had commercial affiliations. Conclusions. Public health needs to extend its scrutiny and advocacy beyond the health messages contained within apps to understanding commercial influences on health and, when necessary, challenging them. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303995_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health: An optimal commodity for the attention economy Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Millington, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1696-1697 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304081_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The promises, realities, and legacies of the bolshevik revolution, 1917-2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Krementsov, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1693-1694 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304092_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The essence of the Soviet health system Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sigerist, H.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1736-1738 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.107111736_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Two sides of the crisis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Mohammed, K.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304074_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A smartphone application to reduce time-to-notification of sexually transmitted infections Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cohen, A.C. Author-Name: Zimmerman, F. Author-Name: Prelip, M. Author-Name: Glik, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1795-1800 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999 Abstract: Objectives.To measure whether the implementation of Healthvana-an online patient engagement platform and smartphone application-reduced the number of days between sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, notification, and treatment at AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Wellness Centers. Methods.We analyzed the retrospective data for 917 male clients who tested positive and received treatment for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015.Weincluded 8 AHF Wellness Centers from California and Florida in the study. We used regression models to evaluate the relationship between Healthvana implementation (pre-Healthvana vs post-Healthvana) and the number of days between the STI test, notification, and treatment. Results. Following Healthvana implementation at the AHF Wellness Centers, the mean number of days decreased between the STI test and notification, from 8 to 6 days. The mean number of days between the overall STI test and treatment decreased from 12 to 10 days. Regression models found the reduction in the number of days from STI test to notification to be statistically significant. Conclusions. Smartphone applications like Healthvana are promising technologies to ensure clients are successfully and immediately notified of their STI test results. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303999_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Enrollment in California's medicaid program after the affordable care act expansion Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wang, J. Author-Name: Trivedi, A.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1757-1759 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031 Abstract: Objectives. To determine enrollment rates and predictors of enrollment for newly eligible low-income adults in California following the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Medicaid expansion. Methods. We used data from the 2014 to 2015 California Health Interview Survey to examine post-ACA Medicaid enrollment rates and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of demographic factors, income, and health with enrollment. Results.Wefound a 78.5% enrollment rate for the newly eligible Medicaid population, translating to 3.8 million adults enrolled and 1.1 million adults who were eligible but did not enroll. Significant predictors of enrollment were participating in a public welfare program (odds ratio [OR] = 6.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.09, 14.04), having heart disease (OR = 4.03; 95% CI = 1.34, 12.15), being in the top quartile of income (OR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.64, 7.85), enrolling in 2015 (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.94, 5.56), being unemployed (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.82), and being female (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.03, 2.85).Wedid not find significant disparities across race/ethnicity, education level, or geography. Conclusions. Repeal of Medicaid expansion would have a substantial effect on health insurance coverage among California's low-income adults, many of whom report chronic health conditions and no alternative sources of affordable coverage. Future research should examine the mechanisms explaining the higher enrollment rates among California's Medicaid expansion population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304031_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Diagnostic accuracy of two food insecurity screeners recommended for use in health care settings Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Makelarski, J.A. Author-Name: Abramsohn, E. Author-Name: Benjamin, J.H. Author-Name: Du, S. Author-Name: Lindau, S.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1812-1817 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033 Abstract: Objectives. To test the diagnostic accuracy of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended food insecurity screener. Methods. We conducted prospective diagnostic accuracy studies between July and November 2016 in Chicago, Illinois. We recruited convenience samples of adults from adult and pediatric emergency departments (12-month recall study: n = 188; 30-day recall study: n = 154). A self-administered survey included the 6-item Household Food Security Screen (gold standard), the validated 2-item Hunger Vital Sign (HVS; often, sometimes, never response categories), and the 2-item AAP tool (yes-or-no response categories). Results. Food insecurity was prevalent (12-month recall group: 46%; 30-day group: 39%). Sensitivity of the AAP tool using 12-month and 30-day recall was, respectively, 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65%, 85%) and 72% (95% CI = 57%, 84%). The HVS sensitivity was significantly higher than the AAP tool (12-month: 94% [95% CI = 86%, 98%; P = .002]; 30-day: 92% [95% CI = 79%, 98%; P = .02]). Conclusions. The AAP tool missed nearly a quarter of food-insecure adults screened in the hospital; the HVS screening tool was more sensitive. Public health implications. Health care systems adopting food insecurity screening should optimize ease of administration and sensitivity of the screening tool. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304033_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing the right to health - The vital role of law Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gostin, L.O. Author-Name: Cathaoir, K.O. Author-Name: Roache, S.A. Author-Name: Magnusson, R.S. Author-Name: Krech, R. Author-Name: Solomon, S.A. Author-Name: Walton, D. Author-Name: Kieny, M.-P. Author-Name: Patterson, D.W. Author-Name: Burci, G.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1755-1756 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304077_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Recreational cannabis legalization and opioid-related deaths in Colorado, 2000-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Livingston, M.D. Author-Name: Barnett, T.E. Author-Name: Delcher, C. Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1827-1829 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059 Abstract: Objectives.To examine the association between Colorado's legalization of recreational cannabis use and opioid-related deaths. Methods.Weused an interrupted time-series design (2000-2015) to compare changes in level and slope of monthly opioid-related deaths before and after Colorado stores began selling recreational cannabis.We also describe the percent change in opioid-related deaths by comparing the unadjusted model-smoothed number of deaths at the end of follow-up with the number of deaths just prior to legalization. Results. Colorado's legalization of recreational cannabis sales and use resulted in a 0.7 deaths per month (b = -0.68; 95% confidence interval = -1.34, -0.03) reduction in opioid-related deaths. This reduction represents a reversal of the upward trend in opioid-related deaths in Colorado. Conclusions. Legalization of cannabis in Colorado was associated with short-term reductions in opioid-related deaths. As additional data become available, research should replicate these analyses in other states with legal recreational cannabis. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304059_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Propagandizing the healthy, bolshevik life in the early ussr Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Starks, T.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1718-1724 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049 Abstract: This essay outlines the problems facing Soviet health authorities at the inception of the People's Commissariat of Public Health in 1918 and the innovative methods employed in sanitary enlightenment propaganda in Russia throughout the 1920s. Beset by funding issues and supply problems, the emissaries of health chose the cheapest means of health improvement (propaganda) with the most cost-effective method (prevention), and crowed of great successes even as large portions of the nation still suffered from lack of contact with sanitary authorities. Targeting Soviet citizens at every stage and space of life, the envoys of public health spread the message of prophylaxis. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304049_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Nursing and the public health legacies of the Russian revolution Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Grant, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1725-1730 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078 Abstract: The centenary of the October Revolution in 1917 provides a timely opportunity to assess the legacies of that event. I examine the role of the revolution in public health with a focus on nursing, assessing the Imperial Russian health care system, the development of Soviet nursing, and current plans for nursing and public health care in Putin's Russia. Analyzing nursing shows that there was a great deal of continuity in terms of medical personnel and ideas on how public health care service in Russia should operate. Nursing illuminates some of the complexities of Soviet health care and ideology, particularly the state's desire to create a socialist form of nursing in theory, despite the strong links with the prerevolutionary past in the form of personnel. This situation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the new Russian state attempted to sever connections with the past, this time with the Soviet past. But as I show, making a clean break with the past is a difficult and often fraught process. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304078_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: On the promise and peril of technology for population health: A public health of consequence, November 2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1703-1705 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304046_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gaps in federal and state screening of tuberculosis in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Singer, P.M. Author-Name: Noppert, G.A. Author-Name: Jenkins, C.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1750-1752 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304076_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A revolutionary attack on tobacco: Bolshevik antismoking campaigns in the 1920s Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Starks, T.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1711-1717 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048 Abstract: Using archival records of the Commissariat of Public Health, journals, and propaganda materials from the antismoking campaign of the Soviet 1920s, this article argues that the revolutionary state pursued an antitobacco policy unique in the world in its attack on tobacco use at a national scale. The commissar of public health, Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko, attempted to severely curtail tobacco cultivation and production, limit tobacco sales, and create a public opinion against tobacco with a propaganda campaign. Even in failing in its farther-reaching goals, the policy proved one of the most forward in terms of antismoking propaganda and state-sponsored treatment regimens, with the distribution of antismoking posters, pamphlets, articles, plays, and films as well as the creation of special state-sponsored smoking-cessation programs that boasted high success rates. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The time is now for ehealth research with latinos Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rodriquez, E.J. Author-Name: Perez-Stable, E.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1705-1707 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304055_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The physicians' case for marijuana legalization Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nathan, D.L. Author-Name: Clark, H.W. Author-Name: Elders, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1746-1747 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304052_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Value of public health funding in preventing hospital bloodstream infections in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Whittington, M.D. Author-Name: Bradley, C.J. Author-Name: Atherly, A.J. Author-Name: Campbell, J.D. Author-Name: Lindrooth, R.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1764-1769 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987 Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the association of 1 activity of the Prevention and Public Health Fund with hospital bloodstream infections and calculate the return on investment (ROI). Methods. The activity was funded for 1 year (2013). A difference-in-differences specification evaluated hospital standardized infection ratios (SIRs) before funding allocation (years 2011 and 2012) and after funding allocation (years 2013 and 2014) in the 15 US states that received the funding compared with hospital SIRs in states that did not receive the funding. We estimated the association of the funded public health activity with SIRs for bloodstream infections.Wecalculated the ROI by dividing cost offsets from infections averted by the amount invested. Results.The funding was associated with a 33% (P < .05) reduction in SIRs and an ROI of $1.10 to $11.20 per $1 invested in the year of funding allocation (2013). In 2014, after the funding stopped, significant reductions were no longer evident. Conclusions.This activitywas associatedwitha reductioninbloodstreaminfections large enough to recoup the investment. Public health funding of carefully targeted areas may improve health and reduce health care costs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303987_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Screening for food insecurity: Short-term alleviation and long-term prevention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cutts, D. Author-Name: Cook, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1699-1700 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304082_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing science and public health practice on climate change and health justice Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bell, M.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1687 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304066_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing suicide prevention through a focus on firearm safety Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Anestis, M.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1701-1702 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304079_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Can the fda help reduce drug prices or the cost of medical care? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Zuckerman, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1752-1754 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304093_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Law enforcement and gun retailers as partners for safely storing guns to prevent suicide: A study in 8 Mountain West States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Runyan, C.W. Author-Name: Brooks-Russell, A. Author-Name: Brandspigel, S. Author-Name: Betz, M. Author-Name: Tung, G. Author-Name: Novins, D. Author-Name: Agans, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1789-1794 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the extent to which law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and gun retailers are willing to offer voluntary, temporary storage as a part of an overall suicide prevention effort. Methods. We invited all LEAs and gun retailers in 8 US states to respond to questionnaires asking about their willingness to offer temporary gun storage and their recommendations to gun owners about safe storage. Results. We collected data in 2016 from 448 LEAs and 95 retailers (response rates of 53% and 25%, respectively). Three quarters of LEAs (74.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 72.1, 77.5) indicated they already provided temporary storage compared with 47.6% (95% CI = 39.2, 56.0) of retailers. LEAs were most willing to provide storage when a gun owner was concerned about the mental health of a family member. Retailers were more receptive than were LEAs to providing storage when visitors were coming or for people wanting storage while traveling. Both groups recommended locking devices within the home, but LEAs were slightly more favorable to storing guns away from the home. Conclusions. Law enforcement agencies and gun retailers are important resources for families concerned about suicide. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304013_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Henry E. Sigerist (1891- 1957): Medical Historian, Advocate of "socialized" Medicine, and Admirer of the Soviet Health System Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brown, T. Author-Name: Fee, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1738-1739 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304084_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Our greedy health care system Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McDonough, J.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1744-1745 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304065_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in autism spectrum disorders: The interaction of time, group-level socioeconomic status, and individual-level race/ethnicity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Newschaffer, C.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1698-1699 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304085_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Development of a statewide, publicly accessible drug overdose surveillance and information system Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L. Author-Name: Yedinak, J.L. Author-Name: Goyer, J. Author-Name: Green, T.C. Author-Name: Koziol, J.A. Author-Name: Alexander-Scott, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 11 Pages: 1760-1763 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007 Abstract: In response to Rhode Island's overdose epidemic, we developed a collaborative, statewide online "dashboard" to provide the public with timely overdose surveillance data.TheWeb site- www.PreventOverdoseRI.org (PORI)-offers user-friendly data visualizations, plain language education, and interactive resource maps. Development of the site has improved overdose data sharing andtransparency inRhodeIsland. Preliminary results suggest a successful site launch. Future research will evaluate the effectiveness of PORI in terms of informing strategic initiatives to reduce overdoses in affected communities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304007_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Readiness to vaccinate critical personnel during an influenza pandemic, United States, 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Moulia, D.L. Author-Name: Dopson, S.A. Author-Name: Vagi, S.J. Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T.J. Author-Name: Fiebelkorn, A.P. Author-Name: Graitcer, S.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1643-1645 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained. Methods. We analyzed self-reported planning to vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic with data from 2 surveys: (1) the Program Annual Progress Assessment of immunization programs and (2) the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment of public health emergency preparedness programs. Both surveys were conducted in 2015. Results. Twenty-six (43.3%) of 60 responding public health emergency preparedness programs reported having an operational plan to identify and vaccinate CIP, and 16 (26.2%) of 61 responding immunization programs reported knowing the number of CIP in their program's jurisdictions. Conclusions. Many programs may not be ready to identify and vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic. Additional efforts are needed to ensure operational readiness to vaccinate CIP during the next influenza pandemic. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Consumer-directed health care for medicaid patients: Past and future reforms Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Singer, P.M. Author-Name: Nelson, D.B. Author-Name: Tipirneni, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1592-1594 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304014_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Despair in the American Heartland? A focus on rural health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Erwin, P.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1533-1534 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304029_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Using all means to protect public health in Israel from emerging tobacco products Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kopel, E. Author-Name: Davidovitch, N. Author-Name: Levine, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1599-1600 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304016_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Leveraging interest to decrease rural health disparities in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Meit, M. Author-Name: Knudson, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1563-1564 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304025_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Clarivate analytics (formerly produced by Thomson Reuters) journal metrics and AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shelepak, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1526 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304028_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Standard period life table used to compute the life expectancy of diseased subpopulations: More confusing than helpful Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Perron, L. Author-Name: Simard, M. Author-Name: Brisson, J. Author-Name: Hamel, D. Author-Name: Lo, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1615-1620 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932 Abstract: Life expectancy (LE) based on a period life table (PLT) traditionally serves as a general population summary metric. It is, however, becoming more frequently reported for chronically afflicted subpopulations. In general populations, there is always an obvious real cohort sharing the hypothetical PLT cohort characteristics, and the LE estimate is intuitively understood as that real cohort mean survival time, assuming constancy of death risks. In diseased subpopulations, the correspondence between the hypothetical cohort and a real cohort is not straightforward. Furthermore, the excess mortality of chronic diseases usually changes according to age at onset and time since onset. The standard PLT method does not allow for proper control of these issues, so the LE estimate can only be deemed valid under specific assumptions. Without clear statements about the real cohort to whom the estimate is intended and the assumptions allowing disregard of the effect of age at onset and time since onset, LEs of afflicted subpopulations computed with the PLT are only abstract numbers summarizing mortality rates. If called "life expectancy," they can be seriously misleading.The same applies to health-adjusted LE. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303932_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The epidemic of despair among white americans: Trends in the leading causes of premature death, 1999-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stein, E.M. Author-Name: Gennuso, K.P. Author-Name: Ugboaja, D.C. Author-Name: Remington, P.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1541-1547 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate trends in premature death rates by cause of death, age, race, and urbanization level in the United States. Methods. We calculated cause-specific death rates using the Compressed Mortality File, National Center for Health Statistics data for adults aged 25 to 64 years in 2 time periods: 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015. We defined 48 subpopulations by 10-year age groups, race/ethnicity, and county urbanization level (large urban, suburban, small or medium metropolitan, and rural). Results.The age-adjusted premature death rates for all adults declined by8%between 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015, with decreases in 39 of the 48 subpopulations. Most decreases in death rates were attributable to HIV, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. All 9 subpopulations with increased death rates were non-Hispanic Whites, largely outside large urban areas. Most increases in death rates were attributable to suicide, poisoning, and liver disease. Conclusions. The unfavorable recent trends in premature death rate among non-Hispanic Whites outside large urban areas were primarily caused by self-destructive health behaviors likely related to underlying social and economic factors in these communities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303941_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Legal, practical, and ethical considerations for making online patient portals accessible for all Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lyles, C.R. Author-Name: Fruchterman, J. Author-Name: Youdelman, M. Author-Name: Schillinger, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1608-1611 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933 Abstract: Largely driven by the financial incentives of the HITECH Act's Meaningful Use program as part of federal US health care reform, access to portal Web sites has rapidly expanded, allowing many patients to view their medical record information online. Despite this expansion, there is little attention paid to the accessibility of portals for more vulnerable patient populations-especially patients with limited health literacy or limited English proficiency, and individuals with disabilities. We argue that there are potential legal mandates for improving portal accessibility (e.g., the Civil Rights and the Rehabilitation Acts), as well as ethical considerations to prevent the exacerbation of existing health and health care disparities. To address these legal, practical, and ethical considerations, we present standards and broad recommendations that could greatly improve the reach and impact of portal Web sites. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303933_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Assessing years of life lost versus number of deaths in the United States, 1995-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Taksler, G.B. Author-Name: Rothberg, M.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1653-1659 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986 Abstract: Objectives. To assess years of life lost to each cause of death in the United States between 1995 and 2015, and compare it with the number of deaths. Methods. We used Vital Statistics mortality data and defined "life-years lost" as remaining life expectancy for each decedent's age, sex, and race.Wecalculated the share of life-years lost to each cause of death in each year, and examined reasons for changes. Results. In 2015, heart disease caused the most deaths, but cancer caused 23% more life-years lost. Life-years lost to heart disease declined 6% since 1995, whereas life-years lost to cancer increased 16%. The increase for cancer was entirely attributable to population growth and longer life expectancy; had these factors remained constant, life-years lost to heart disease and cancer would have fallen 56% and 38%, respectively. Accidents (including overdoses), suicides, and homicides each caused twice the share of life-years lost as deaths. Measuring life-years lost highlighted racial disparities in heart disease, homicides, and perinatal conditions. Conclusions. Life-years lost may provide additional context for understanding long-term mortality trends. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303986_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: On being transnational and transgender: Human rights and public health considerations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Operario, D. Author-Name: Nemoto, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1537-1538 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304030_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effect of police training and accountability on the mental health of African American Adults Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Oh, H. Author-Name: DeVylder, J. Author-Name: Hunt, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1588-1590 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304012_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Deaths of despair: Why? what to do? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Scutchfield, F.D. Author-Name: Keck, C.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1564-1565 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Rural versus urban use of traditional and emerging tobacco products in the United States, 2013-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Roberts, M.E. Author-Name: Doogan, N.J. Author-Name: Stanton, C.A. Author-Name: Quisenberry, A.J. Author-Name: Villanti, A.C. Author-Name: Gaalema, D.E. Author-Name: Keith, D.R. Author-Name: Kurti, A.N. Author-Name: Lopez, A.A. Author-Name: Redner, R. Author-Name: Cepeda-Benito, A. Author-Name: Higgins, S.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1554-1559 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967 Abstract: Objectives. To examine urban-rural differences in US prevalences of traditional and emerging tobacco product use as well as dual or polytobacco use of these products. Methods. Our data were derived from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We estimated weighted prevalences of adult tobacco use across urban-rural geographies and examined prevalences classified by gender, poverty level, and region of the country. Results. Nationally, cigarette use and smokeless tobacco use, as well as dual or polytobacco use of traditional products, were more prevalent in rural than in urban areas. Conversely, cigarillo and hookah use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products were higher in urban areas. There was no significant urban-rural difference in use of ecigarettes. Gender, poverty, and region of the country did not seem to be driving most urban-rural differences, although differences related to cigarillo use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products became nonsignificant after control for covariates. Conclusions. Our findings highlight important urban-rural differences in tobacco use. Whether the changing tobacco product landscape will contribute to a continuation of rural health disparities remains to be seen. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303967_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Urban-rural differences in suicide in the state of Maryland: The role of firearms Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nestadt, P.S. Author-Name: Triplett, P. Author-Name: Fowler, D.R. Author-Name: Mojtabai, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1548-1553 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865 Abstract: Objectives. To assess whether the use of firearms explains rural-urban differences in suicide rates. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis on all 6196 well-characterized adult suicides in Maryland from 2003 through 2015. We computed rate ratios by using census data and then stratified by sex, with adjustment for age and race. Results. Suicide rates were higher in rural compared with urban counties. However, the higher rural suicide rates were limited to firearm suicides (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.31). Nonfirearm suicide rates were not significantly higher in rural settings. Furthermore, 89% of firearm suicides occurred in men and the higher rural firearm suicide rate was limited to men (IRR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.69). Women were significantly less likely to complete suicide in rural areas (IRR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.94), regardless of method. Conclusions. Malefirearmuse drives the increased rate of suicide in rural areas.The opposite associations between urbanicity and suicide in men and women may be driven by the male preference for firearms as a method for committing suicide. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303865_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Diverging life expectancies and voting patterns in the 2016 US Presidential Election Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bor, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1560-1562 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945 Abstract: Objectives. To assess whether voting patterns in the 2016 US presidential election were correlated with long-run trends in county life expectancy. Methods. I examined county-level voting data from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections and assessed Donald Trump's share of the 2016 vote, change in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016, and changes in absolute numbers of Democratic and Republican votes. County-level estimates of life expectancy at birth were obtained for 1980 and 2014 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results. Changes in county life expectancy from 1980 to 2014 were strongly negatively associated with Trump's vote share, with less support for Trump in counties experiencing greater survival gains. Counties in which life expectancy stagnated or declined saw a 10-percentage-point increase in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016. Conclusions. Residents of counties left out from broader life expectancy gains abandoned the Democratic Party in the 2016 presidential election. Since coming to power, the Trump administration has proposed cuts to health insurance for the poor, social programs, health research, and environmental and worker protections, which are key determinants of population health. Health gaps likely will continue to widen without significant public investment in population health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303945_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Obesity prevention in the supermarket-choice architecture and the supplemental nutrition assistance program Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Thorndike, A.N. Author-Name: Sunstein, C.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1582-1583 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303991_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Witte, S.S. Author-Name: MacPhee, C. Author-Name: Ginsburg, N. Author-Name: Deshmukh, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1633-1635 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936 Abstract: Objectives.To examine state-level female condom use through Medicaid from 2004 to 2014, because in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed for expanded Medicaid coverage in many states, extending requirements for contraceptive care to more of the poorest women in the United States and to most women with private insurance. Methods.Wecollected data via brief survey of Medicaid offices in all 50 states between March 2015 and March 2016. Results. The number of states providing Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom increased 33% (from 25 to 36) since 2007. Twenty-nine states provided data showing low numbers of claims for female condoms but high rates of reimbursement. Conclusions. This period of heightened access demands that the public health community seize the moment to increase awareness about and promote the female condom among health care professionals and consumers. The pending repeal of the ACA may thwart important gains in access; policies promoting women's reproductive health must be implemented immediately. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303936_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Years of life lost, age discrimination, and the myth of productivity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brenner, M.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1535-1537 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304020_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Preexposure prophylaxis: Adapting HIV prevention models to achieve worldwide access Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Landers, S. Author-Name: Kapadia, F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1534-1535 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304035_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Toward a public health politics of consequence: An autobiographical reflection Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fox, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1604-1605 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303929_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Musculoskeletal disorders: A neglected group at public health and epidemiology meetings? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Perruccio, A.V. Author-Name: Yip, C. Author-Name: Badley, E.M. Author-Name: Power, J.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1584-1585 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303990_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lead content of sindoor, a hindu religious powder and cosmetic: New Jersey and India, 2014-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shah, M.P. Author-Name: Shendell, D.G. Author-Name: Strickland, P.O. Author-Name: Bogden, J.D. Author-Name: Kemp, F.W. Author-Name: Halperin, W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1630-1632 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the extent of lead content of sindoor, a powder used by Hindus for religious and cultural purposes, which has been linked to childhood lead poisoning when inadvertently ingested. Methods. We purchased 95 samples of sindoor from 66 South Asian stores in New Jersey and 23 samples from India and analyzed samples with atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods for lead. Results. Analysis determined that 79 (83.2%) sindoor samples purchased in the United States and 18 (78.3%) samples purchased in India contained 1.0 ormoremicrograms of lead per gram of powder. ForUS samples, geometric mean concentrationwas 5.4micrograms per gramcomparedwith 28.1microgramsper gramfor Indiasamples.Themaximumlead content detected in both US and India samples was more than 300 000 micrograms per gram. Of the examined USsindoor samples,19%containedmore than 20micrograms per gram of lead (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] limit); 43% of the India samples exceeded this limit. Conclusions. Results suggested continued need for lead monitoring in sindoor in the United States and in sindoor carried into the United States by travelers from India, despite FDA warnings. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303931_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ingram, M. Author-Name: Doubleday, K. Author-Name: Bell, M.L. Author-Name: Lohr, A. Author-Name: Murrieta, L. Author-Name: Velasco, M. Author-Name: Blackburn, J. Author-Name: Sabo, S. Author-Name: De Zapien, J.G. Author-Name: Carvajal, S.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1668-1674 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods.Weexamined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.24, -0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = -0.39, -0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -13.5, -10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = -0.7, -0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = -0.14, -0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -39.0, -6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = -6.6, -0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients' chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs' evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health integration into a pediatric practice and coordination of referrals to a colocated dental home at a federally qualified health center Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sengupta, N. Author-Name: Nanavati, S. Author-Name: Cericola, M. Author-Name: Simon, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1627-1629 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984 Abstract: We have integrated preventive oral health measures into preventive care visits for children at a federally qualified health center in Boston, Massachusetts. The program, started in 2015, covers 3400 children and has increased universal caries risk screening in primary care to 85%, fluoride varnish application rates to 80%, and referrals to a dental home to 35%. We accomplished this by minimizing pressures on providers' workflow, empowering medical assistants to lead the initiative, and utilizing data-driven improvement strategies, alongside colocated coordinated care. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Brexit: Severe risks to Britain's national health service Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Park, J.J. Author-Name: McKee, M. Author-Name: Atun, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1594-1596 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304010_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tobacco industry research on nicotine replacement therapy: "if anyone is going to take away our business it should be us" Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Apollonio, D. Author-Name: Glantz, S.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1636-1642 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935 Abstract: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is recommended for tobacco cessation on the basis of pharmaceutical industry research showing its effectiveness when combined with counseling. The tobacco industry opposed NRT when it first appeared in the 1980s but by 2016 was marketing its own NRT products. We used internal tobacco industry documents dated 1960 through 2010 to identify the industry's perceptions of NRT. As early as the 1950s, tobacco companies developed nonsmoked nicotine replacements for cigarettes, but they stopped out of concern that marketing such products would trigger Food and Drug Administration regulation of cigarettes. In the 1990s, after pharmaceutical companies began selling prescription NRT, tobacco companies found that many smokers usedNRT to supplement smoking rather than to quit. In 2009, once the Food and Drug Administration began regulating tobacco, tobacco companies restarted their plans to capture the nicotine market. Although the tobacco industry initially viewed NRT as a threat, it found that smokers often combined NRT with smoking rather than using it as a replacement and began marketing their own NRT products. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Growing economic inequality sustains health disparities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vega, W.A. Author-Name: Sribney, W.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1606-1607 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304024_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Low-income housing tax credit: Optimizing its impact on health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shi, M. Author-Name: Samuels, B.A. Author-Name: Pollack, C.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1586-1588 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303988_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Children's access to dental care affected by reimbursement rates, dentist density, and dentist participation in medicaid Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chalmers, N.I. Author-Name: Compton, R.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1612-1614 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relation between Medicaid reimbursement rates and access to dental care services in the context of dentist density and dentist participation inMedicaid in each state. Methods. Data were from Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment reports for 2014, Medicaid reimbursement rate in 2013, dentist density in 2014, and dentist participation in Medicaid in 2014. We assessed patterns of mediation or moderation. Results. Reimbursement rates and access to dental care were directly related at the state level, but no evidence indicated that higher reimbursement rates resulted in overuse of dental services for those who had access. The relation between reimbursement rates and access to carewasmoderated by dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid. Weestimate thatmore than 1.8million additional childrenwould have had access to dental care if reimbursement rates were higher in states with low rates. Conclusions. Children who access the dental care system receive care, but reimbursement may significantly affect access. States with low dentist density and low dentist participation in Medicaid may be able to improve access to dental services significantly by increasing reimbursement rates. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303962_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Living outside the gender box in Mexico: Testimony of transgender mexican asylum seekers Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cheney, M.K. Author-Name: Gowin, M.J. Author-Name: Taylor, E.L. Author-Name: Frey, M. Author-Name: Dunnington, J. Author-Name: Alshuwaiyer, G. Author-Name: Huber, J.K. Author-Name: Garcia, M.C. Author-Name: Wray, G.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1646-1652 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961 Abstract: Objectives. To explore preimmigration experiences of violence and postimmigration health status in male-to-female transgender individuals (n = 45) from Mexico applying for asylum in the United States. Methods. We used a document review process to examine asylum declarations and psychological evaluations of transgender Mexican asylum seekers in the United States from 2012.We coded documents in 2013 and 2014 using NVivo, a multidisciplinary team reviewed them, and then we analyzed them for themes. Results. Mexican transgender asylum applicants experienced pervasive verbal, physical, and sexual abuse from multiple sources, including family, school, community, and police. Applicants also experienced discrimination in school and in the workplace. Applicants immigrated to the United States to escape persistent assaults and threats to their life. Applicants suffered health and psychological effects from their experiences in Mexico that affected opportunities in the United States for employment, education, and social inclusion. Conclusions. Additional social protections for transgender individuals and antidiscrimination measures in Mexican schools and workplaces are warranted as are increased mental health assessment and treatment, job training, and education services for asylum seekers in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303961_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Antiretroviral drugs as the linchpin for prevention of HIV infections in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Samandari, T. Author-Name: Harris, N. Author-Name: Cleveland, J.C. Author-Name: Purcell, D.W. Author-Name: McCray, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1577-1579 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304011_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community health worker support for disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic diseases: A randomized clinical trial Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kangovi, S. Author-Name: Mitra, N. Author-Name: Grande, D. Author-Name: Huo, H. Author-Name: Smith, R.A. Author-Name: Long, J.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1660-1667 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985 Abstract: Objectives. To determine whether a community health worker (CHW) intervention improved outcomes in a low-income population with multiple chronic conditions. Methods. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2013-2014). Participants (n = 302) were high-poverty neighborhood residents, uninsured or publicly insured, and diagnosed with 2 or more chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, tobacco dependence, hypertension). All patients set a diseasemanagement goal. Patients randomly assigned to CHWs also received 6 months of support tailored to their goals and preferences. Results. Support from CHWs (vs goal-setting alone) led to improvements in several chronic diseases (changes in glycosylated hemoglobin: -0.4 vs 0.0; body mass index: -0.3 vs -0.1; cigarettes per day: -5.5 vs -1.3; systolic blood pressure: -1.8 vs -11.2; overall P = .08), self-rated mental health (12-item Short Form survey; 2.3 vs -0.2; P = .008), and quality of care (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; 62.9% vs 38%; P < .001), while reducing hospitalization at 1 year by 28% (P = .11). There were no differences in patient activation or self-rated physical health. Conclusions. A standardized CHW intervention improved chronic disease control, mental health, quality of care, and hospitalizations and could be a useful population health management tool for health care systems. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303985_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Killed by police: Validity of media-based data and misclassification of death certificates in Massachusetts, 2004-2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Feldman, J.M. Author-Name: Gruskin, S. Author-Name: Coull, B.A. Author-Name: Krieger, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1624-1626 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media-based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004-2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data. Methods.We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media- based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted matched-pair analyses with the Massachusetts mortality data. Results. Compared with death certificates, there was near-perfect correlation for age in all sources (Pearson r > 0.99) and perfect concordance for gender. Agreement for race/ ethnicity ranged from perfect (The Counted and The Washington Post) to high (Fatal Encounters Cohen's k = 0.92). Among the 78 decedents for whom finalized International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes were available, 59 (75.6%) were properly classified as "deaths due to legal intervention." Conclusions. In Massachusetts, the 4 media-based sources on persons killed by police provide valid demographic data. Misclassification of deaths due to legal intervention in the mortality data does, however, remain a problem. Replication of the study in other states and nationally is warranted. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303940_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Individual versus community-level risk compensation following preexposure prophylaxis of HIV Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Holt, M. Author-Name: Murphy, D.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1568-1571 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930 Abstract: Weanalyzed the concept of risk compensation and how it has been applied in HIV prevention, paying particular attention to the strategyofHIVpreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In risk compensation, reduced perceptions of risk after the introduction of a preventative intervention lead to more frequent risktaking behavior. Such a change may undermine the intervention's protective benefits. We found that many studies purporting to investigate risk compensation do not assess or report changes in perceptions of risk, instead relying on behavioral measures. Our analysis suggests a complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationship between the introduction of a new prevention intervention, perceptions of HIV risk, and subsequent changes in behavior. As PrEP is introduced, we believe comprehensiveassessment of community-level risk compensation- that is, changes in risk perceptions and behavior as a result of increased optimism about avoiding HIV among people not directly protected by PrEP-should not be omitted. We therefore suggest ways to assess prevention optimism and community-level risk compensation. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303930_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Can population health science counter in-kind dangerous oversimplifications? a public health of consequence, October 2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Author-Name: Galea, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1538-1540 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304022_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The complex road ahead for preexposure prophylaxis: A primary care physician perspective Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greene, R.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1580-1581 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304015_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Violent death reporting inmaryland: Demographic variability in data completeness Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Smith, M.L. Author-Name: Akinyemi, A.A. Author-Name: Stanley, J.L. Author-Name: Mitchell, C.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1621-1623 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943 Abstract: Objectives. To analyze the completeness of precipitating circumstance information recorded in the Maryland Violent Death Reporting System and identify limitations that could affect the system's utility. Methods.Wereviewed all violent deaths among Maryland residents for the years 2003 through 2014 (n = 19 161).We assessed the presence of precipitating circumstance data (abstracted from medical examiner and police reports) by manner of death and demographic characteristics. We further evaluated homicide records with multivariable regression. Results. Demographic variation in circumstance reporting was most pronounced for homicide. Circumstances were known for 53.2% of homicide cases, and this percentage was lower among non-Latino Blacks (48.2%), males (50.7%), those aged 18 to 25 years (47.9%), those residing in jurisdictions with higher-than-average homicide rates (46.1%), and those who died outside in a public place (43.4%) or in a correctional facility (48.9%). With the exception of male gender, these factors were significantly associated with circumstance reporting when we controlled for demographic and situational variables. Conclusions. Circumstance reporting was least likely among groups most at risk for homicide in Maryland. Collection of circumstance data for the most affected groups should be strengthened to help develop better prevention strategies. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303943_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: HIV preexposure prophylaxis and condomless sex: Disentangling personal values from public health priorities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Calabrese, S.K. Author-Name: Underhill, K. Author-Name: Mayer, K.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1572-1576 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966 Abstract: Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV protection that remains unknown and inaccessible for many people in the United States despite receiving federal approval over five years ago. PrEP is supported by the public health community, but forgoing condoms while taking PrEP has proven controversial; this controversy may be contributing to the lag in PrEP uptake. We argue that limiting PrEP access based on anticipated or actual sexual behavior contradicts the goals of public health research andpractice and is not scientifically justified. As evidence for the effectiveness of novel forms of biomedicalHIV protection emerges, public health professionals need to accept new definitions of "protected sex" and ensure that their personal values do not override empirical evidence when determining public health priorities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303966_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A way forward for bipartisan health reform? Democrat and republican state legislator priorities for the goals of health policy Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pagel, C. Author-Name: Bates, D.W. Author-Name: Goldmann, D. Author-Name: Koller, C.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1601-1603 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304023_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Despair as a cause of death: More complex than it first appears Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Diez Roux, A.V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1566-1567 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304041_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Will automated driving technologies make today's effective restraint systems obsolete? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Subit, D. Author-Name: Vezin, P. Author-Name: Laporte, S. Author-Name: Sandoz, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1590-1592 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304009_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The world health organization, public health ethics, and surveillance: Essential architecture for social well-being Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fairchild, A.L. Author-Name: Dawson, A. Author-Name: Bayer, R. Author-Name: Selgelid, M.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 10 Pages: 1596-1598 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304019_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Addressing colorectal cancer disparities among African American men beyond traditional practice-based settings Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Naylor, K.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1356-1358 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303974_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Zika & reproductive rights in Brazil: Challenge to the right to health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Valente, P.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1376-1380 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924 Abstract: The Zika virus epidemic rapidly spread across Brazil and Latin America, gaining international attention because of the causal relationship between Zika and birth defects. The high number of cases in Brazil has been attributed to a failure of the state to contain the epidemic and protect the affected people, especially women. Therefore, the public health crisis created by Zika exposed a stark conflict between Brazil's constitutional right to health and the longstanding violation of reproductive rights in the country. Although health is considered to be a right of all in Brazil, women struggle with barriers to reproductive services and lack of access to safe and legal abortions. In response to the epidemic, women's rights advocates havefiled a lawsuitwith Brazil's supreme court that requires the decriminalization of abortion upon the diagnosis of Zika virus. However, the selective decriminalization of abortion may lead to negative social consequences and further stigmatization of people with disabilities. A solution to the reproductive health crisis in Brazil must reconcile women's right to choose and the rights of people with disabilities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303924_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transwoman population size Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Raymond, H.F. Author-Name: Wilson, E.C. Author-Name: Mcfarland, W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: e12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303964_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: To: Dr. Alfredo morabia, editor, ajph Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Krieger, N. Author-Name: Birn, A.-E. Author-Name: Aviles, L. Author-Name: Bailey, Z. Author-Name: Cubbin, C. Author-Name: Dearfield, C. Author-Name: Jones, M.M. Author-Name: Lee, R. Author-Name: Moore, L. Author-Name: Munoz, N. Author-Name: Simonds, V. Author-Name: Waterman, P.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: e10 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303976_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Successes & continued challenges of electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Birkhead, G.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1365-1367 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303938_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management as a Field of Practice Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rose, D.A. Author-Name: Murthy, S. Author-Name: Brooks, J. Author-Name: Bryant, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S126-S133 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947 Abstract: The health impacts of recent global infectious disease outbreaks and other disasters have demonstrated the importance of strengthening public health systems to better protect communities from naturally occurring and human-caused threats. Public health emergency management (PHEM) is an emergent field of practice that draws on specific sets of knowledge, techniques, and organizing principles necessary for the effective management of complex health events. We highlight how the nascent field of PHEM has evolved in recent years. We explore this development by first examining multiple sites of intersection between the fields of public health and emergency management. We then analyze 2 of the principal pillars on which PHEM was built: organizational and programmatic (i.e., industry) standards and the incident management system. This is followed by a sketch of the key domains, or functional areas, of PHEM and their application to the emergency management cycle. We conclude with some observations about PHEM in a global context and discuss how the field might continue to evolve. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303947_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Applying the 15 Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capabilities to Support Large-Scale Tuberculosis Investigations in Complex Congregate Settings Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Levy, A.J. Author-Name: Toren, K.G. Author-Name: Elsenboss, C. Author-Name: Narita, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S142-S147 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946 Abstract: Public Health-Seattle and King County, a metropolitan health department in western Washington, experiences rates of tuberculosis (TB) that are 1.6 times higher than are state and national averages. The department's TB Control Program uses public health emergency management tools and capabilities sustained with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant funding to manage large-scale complex case investigations. We have described 3 contact investigations in large congregate settings that the TB Control Program conducted in 2015 and 2016. The program managed the investigations using public health emergency management tools, with support from the Preparedness Program. The 3 investigations encompassed medical evaluation of more than 1600 people, used more than 100 workers, identified nearly 30 individuals with latent TB infection, and prevented an estimated 3 cases of active disease. These incidents exemplify how investments in public health emergency preparedness can enhance health outcomes in traditional areas of public health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303946_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Development of a research agenda focused on academic health departments Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Erwin, P.C. Author-Name: Brownson, R.C. Author-Name: Livingood, W.C. Author-Name: Keck, C.W. Author-Name: Amos, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1369-1375 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847 Abstract: An academic health department (AHD) is a formal partnership between an academic institution and a governmental public health agency.Case studies have described the value of individual AHDs in the areas of student engagement, practice-based research, workforce development, and service. With growing interest in AHDs and the increasing importance of academic-practice linkages in both academic programs' and public health agencies' accreditation processes, articulating a research agenda focused on the AHDmodel can be useful for stimulating the research and practicefields to further develop the evidence base for AHDs. We provide a researchagenda, developed through an iterative process involving academicians, practitioners, and others interested in academic-practice linkages. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303847_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Racial/ethnic & socioeconomic disparities in hydration status among US adults & the role of tap water & other beverage intake Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brooks, C.J. Author-Name: Gortmaker, S.L. Author-Name: Long, M.W. Author-Name: Cradock, A.L. Author-Name: Kenney, E.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1387-1394 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income. Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ‡ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we estimated associations between demographic variables, tap water intake, and inadequate hydration. Results. The prevalence of inadequate hydration among US adults was 29.5%. Non- Hispanic Blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 1.76) and Hispanics (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.67) had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did non-Hispanic Whites. Lower-income adults had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did higher-income adults (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.45). Differences in tap water intake partially attenuated racial/ethnic differences in hydration status. Differences in total beverage and other fluid intake further attenuated sociodemographic disparities. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in inadequate hydration among US adults are related to differences in tap water and other beverage intake. Policy action is needed to ensure equitable access to healthy beverages. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303923_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Homicide rates of transgender individuals in the United States: 2010-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Dinno, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1441-1447 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate homicide rates of transgender US residents and relative risks (RRs) of homicide with respect to cisgender comparators intersected with age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Methods. I estimated homicide rates for transgender residents and transfeminine, Black, Latin, and young (aged 15-34 years) subpopulations during the period 2010 to 2014 using Transgender Day of Remembrance and National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs transgender homicide data. I used estimated transgender prevalences to estimate RRs using cisgender comparators. I performed a sensitivity analysis to situate all results within assumptions about underreporting of transgender homicides and assumptions about the prevalence of transgender residents. Results. The overall homicide rate of transgender individuals was likely to be less than that of cisgender individuals, with 8 of 12RR estimates below 1.0. However, the homicide rates of young transfeminine Black and Latina residents were almost certainly higher than were those of cisfeminine comparators, with all RR estimates above 1.0 for Blacks and all above 1.0 for Latinas. Conclusions. Antiviolence public health programs should identify youngandBlack or Latina transfeminine women as an especially vulnerable population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Per diems in polio eradication: Perspectives from community health workers and officials Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Closser, S. Author-Name: Rosenthal, A. Author-Name: Justice, J. Author-Name: Maes, K. Author-Name: Sultan, M. Author-Name: Banerji, S. Author-Name: Amaha, H.B. Author-Name: Gopinath, R. Author-Name: Omidian, P. Author-Name: Nyirazinyoye, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1470-1476 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886 Abstract: Nearly all global health initiatives give per diems to community health workers (CHWs) in poor countries for shortterm work on disease-specific programs.Weinterviewed CHWs, supervisors, and high-level officials (n = 95) in 6 study sites across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in early 2012 about the per diems given to them by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. These per diems for CHWs ranged from $1.50 to $2.40 per day. International officials defended per diems for CHWs with an arrayof arguments,primarily that they were necessary to defray the expenses that workers incurred during campaigns. But high-level ministry of health officials inmany countries were concerned that even small per diems were unsustainable. By contrast, CHWs saw per diems as a wage; the very small size of this wage led many to describe per diems as unjust. Per diem polio work existed in the larger context of limited and mostly exploitative options for female labor. Taking the perspectives of CHWs seriously would shift the international conversation about per diems towardquestionsof labor rights and justice in global health pay structures. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303886_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Morabia responds Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: e10-e11 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975 Abstract: There was an error in Figure 2. On page 1054, Figure 2 should appear as: (Figure Presented) The article's conclusions are unaffected by this correction. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303975_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community-based, preclinical patient navigation for colorectal cancer screening among older black men recruited from barbershops: The MISTER B trial Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cole, H. Author-Name: Thompson, H.S. Author-Name: White, M. Author-Name: Browne, R. Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C. Author-Name: Braithwaite, S. Author-Name: Fiscella, K. Author-Name: Boutin-Foster, C. Author-Name: Ravenell, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1433-1440 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885 Abstract: Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. Methods. We conducted a 3-parallel-Arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New York City. Participants had to be aged 50 years or older, not be up-To-date on CRC screening, have uncontrolled high blood pressure, and have a working telephone. We randomized participants to 1 of 3 groups: (1) patient navigation by a community health worker for CRC screening (PN), (2) motivational interviewing for blood pressure control by a trained counselor (MINT), or (3) both interventions (PLUS). We assessed CRC screening completion at 6-month follow-up. Results. Intent-To-Treat analysis revealed that participants in the navigation interventions were significantly more likely than those in the MINT-only group to be screened for CRC during the 6-month study period (17.5% of participants in PN, 17.8% in PLUS, 8.4% in MINT; P < .01). Conclusions. Telephone-based preclinical patient navigation has the potential to be effective for older Black men. Our results indicate the importance of community-based health interventions forimprovinghealth among minoritymen. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 2015 Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment Among US Public Health Emergency Preparedness Awardees Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fitzgerald, T.J. Author-Name: Moulia, D.L. Author-Name: Graitcer, S.B. Author-Name: Vagi, S.J. Author-Name: Dopson, S.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S177-S179 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952 Abstract: METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment, an online survey sent to PHEP directors, to analyze, in part, the readiness of PHEP awardees to vaccinate 80% of the populations of their jurisdictions with 2 doses of pandemic influenza vaccine, separated by 21 days, within 16 weeks of vaccine availability. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Child's Health Is the Public's Health: Progress and Gaps in Addressing Pediatric Needs in Public Health Emergencies Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Dziuban, E.J. Author-Name: Peacock, G. Author-Name: Frogel, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S134-S137 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950 Abstract: Children are the most prevalent vulnerable population in US society and have unique needs during the response to and recovery from public health emergencies. The physiological, behavioral, developmental, social, and mental health differences of children require specific attention in preparedness efforts. Despite often being more severely affected in disasters, children's needs are historically underrepresented in preparedness. Since 2001, much progress has been made in addressing this disparity through better pediatric incorporation in preparedness planning from national to local levels. Innovative approaches, policies, and collaborations contribute to these advances. However, many gaps remain in the appropriate and proportional inclusion of children in planning for public health emergencies. Successful models of pediatric planning can be developed, evaluated, and widely disseminated to ensure that further progress can be achieved. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303950_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 1918 influenza pandemic: In utero exposure in the United States and long-term impact on hospitalizations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Acquah, J.K. Author-Name: Dahal, R. Author-Name: Sloan, F.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1477-1483 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887 Abstract: Objectives. To explore associations between in utero exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic and hospitalization rates in old age (‡ 70 years) in the United States. Methods.We identified individuals exposed (mild and deadly waves) and unexposed in utero to the 1918 influenza pandemic (a natural experiment) by using birth dates from the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old survey.Weanalyzed differences in hospitalization rates by exposure status with multivariate linear regression. Results. In utero exposure to the deadly wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic increased the number of hospital visits by 10.0 per 100 persons. For those exposed in utero to the deadliest wave of the influenza pandemic, high rates of functional limitations are shown to drive the higher rates of hospitalizations in old age. Conclusions. In utero exposure to the influenza pandemic increased functional limitations and hospitalization rates in old age. Public Health Implications.To determine investments in influenza pandemic prevention programs that protect fetal health, policymakers should include long-Term reductions in hospitalizations in their cost-benefit evaluations. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303887_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Funding Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Katz, R. Author-Name: Attal-Juncqua, A. Author-Name: Fischer, J.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S148-S152 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956 Abstract: The historical precedents that support state and local leadership in preparedness for and response to disasters are in many ways at odds with the technical demands of preparedness and response for incidents affecting public health. New and revised laws and regulations, executive orders, policies, strategies, and plans developed in response to biological threats since 2001 address the role of the federal government in the response to public health emergencies. However, financial mechanisms for disaster response-especially those that wait for gubernatorial request before federal assistance can be provided-do not align with the need to prevent the spread of infectious agents or efficiently reduce the impact on public health. We review key US policies and funding mechanisms relevant to public health emergencies and clarify how policies, regulations, and resources affect coordinated responses. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Complexity in public health research: A public health of consequence, September 2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Author-Name: Galea, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1367-1368 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303937_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transit rider body mass index before and after completion of street light-rail line in Utah Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brown, B.B. Author-Name: Smith, K.R. Author-Name: Jensen, W.A. Author-Name: Tharp, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1484-1486 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899 Abstract: Objectives. To determine whether 2012 to 2015 (times 1-3) ridership changes correlated with body mass index (BMI) changes after transit line completion in Salt Lake City, Utah. Methods. We used Global Positioning System/accelerometry-measured transit ridership measures in 2012 to 2013 (times 1-2) to compare objective and self-reported ridership. Regression models related changes in objectively measured ridership (times 1-2) and self-reported ridership (times 1-2 and times 1-3) to BMI changes, adjusting for control variables. Results. Objective and self-reported ridership measures were consistent. From time 1 to 2 (P = .021) or to 3 (P = .015), BMI increased among self-reported former riders and decreased among new riders (P = .09 for both times 1-2 and times 1-3), although the latter was nonsignificant. Time 3 attrition adjustment had no effect on results. Adjusting for baseline BMI, the nonsignificant effect for new riders remained nonsignificant, indicating no BMI change; the BMI increase after discontinuing transit remained significant. Conclusions. Observed BMI increases subsequent to stopping transit ridership persisted for more than 2 years (postintervention). These results suggest that transit ridership protects against BMI gains and support the need to provide convenient transit for public health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303899_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency Management Tool in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Schnall, A. Author-Name: Nakata, N. Author-Name: Talbert, T. Author-Name: Bayleyegn, T. Author-Name: Martinez, D. Author-Name: Wolkin, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S186-S192 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate how inclusion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) as a tool in Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning can increase public health capacity for emergency response. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303948_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Civil unrest in the context of chronic community violence: Impact on maternal depressive symptoms Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Yimgang, D.P. Author-Name: Wang, Y. Author-Name: Paik, G. Author-Name: Hager, E.R. Author-Name: Black, M.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1455-1462 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876 Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in maternal-child health surrounding the April 2015 civil unrest in Baltimore, Maryland, following Freddie Gray's death while in police custody. Methods.Weconducted cross-sectional Children's HealthWatch surveys January 2014 through December 2015 in pediatric emergency departments and primary care clinics on maternal-child health and June 2015 through October 2015 on daily and community routines. We used trend analysis and piecewise logistic regression to examine effects of time, residential proximity moderation, and mediation analysis to assess proximity and maternal-child health relations via maternal concerns. Results. Participants comprised 1095mothers, 93%of whomwereAfrican American and 100%ofwhomhad public or no insurance; 73%of participants' childrenwere younger than 24 months. Following the unrest, prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms increased significantly in proximal, but not distal, neighborhoods (b = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.79; P = .03). Maternal concerns were elevated in proximal neighborhoods and associated with depressive symptoms; mediation through maternal concern was not significant. Fivemonths after the unrest, depressive symptoms returned to previous levels. Conclusions. Civil unrest has an acute effect on maternal depressive symptoms in neighborhoods proximal to unrest. Public Health Implications. To mitigate depressive symptoms associated with civil unrest, maintain stability of community routines, screen for maternal depressive symptoms, and provide parent-child nurturing programs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303876_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Late age at childbirth: Survival advantage or artifact? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Adler, N.E. Author-Name: Lisa Author-Name: Pritzker, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1381-1382 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303965_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Shadyab & LaCroix respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shadyab, A.H. Author-Name: Lacroix, A.Z. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1382-1383 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303971_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ain't necessarily so!": The brake industry's impact on asbestos regulation in the 1970s Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rosner, D. Author-Name: Markowitz, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1395-1399 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901 Abstract: Canada is proposing a ban on asbestos, and the US Environmental Protection Agency has listed it among the first 10 materials it is investigating under the new Toxic Substances Control Act revisions. However, this effort is currently running up against enormous industry and political opposition. Here, we detail the activities in the early 1970s of the Friction Materials Standards Institute, an industry trade association, to stifle earlier attempts to regulate asbestos use in brake linings, one of the oldest and most obvious sources of asbestos exposure to mechanics, among others. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303901_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Project Public Health Ready: History and Evolution of a Best Practice for Public Health Preparedness Planning Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Summers, S.K. Author-Name: Ferraro, M.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S138-S141 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949 Abstract: We review the history and evolution of Project Public Health Ready and demonstrate why it is considered a best practice in public health preparedness planning. Previous articles on this program have described its impact on single health departments. We provide background information, review successes and challenges to date, and inform public health practitioners about a vetted tool for local public health planners to develop capacity and capability in all-hazards planning and response. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303949_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Emergency Preparedness in the Workplace: The Flulapalooza Model for Mass Vaccination Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Swift, M.D. Author-Name: Aliyu, M.H. Author-Name: Byrne, D.W. Author-Name: Qian, K. Author-Name: McGown, P. Author-Name: Kinman, P.O. Author-Name: Hanson, K.L. Author-Name: Culpepper, D. Author-Name: Cooley, T.J. Author-Name: Yarbrough, M.I. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S168-S176 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether an emergency preparedness structure is a feasible, efficient, and sustainable way for health care organizations to manage mass vaccination events. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303953_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: AJPH Editorials: Water access in the United States: Health disparities abound & solutions are urgently needed Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Patel, A.I. Author-Name: Schmidt, L.A. Author-Name: Lee, P.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1354-1356 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303972_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15 PHP Capabilities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Horney, J.A. Author-Name: Carbone, E.G. Author-Name: Lynch, M. Author-Name: Wang, Z.J. Author-Name: Jones, T. Author-Name: Rose, D.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S153-S160 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess how health department contextual factors influence perceptions of the 15 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide guidance on organizing preparedness activities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303955_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Obesity and overweight in American indian and Alaska native children, 2006-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bullock, A. Author-Name: Sheff, K. Author-Name: Moore, K. Author-Name: Manson, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1502-1507 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate obesity and overweight prevalence in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children across genders, ages, and geographic regions in the Indian Health Service active clinical population. Methods. We obtained data from the Indian Health Service National Data Warehouse. At least 184 000 AI/ANchildren aged 2 to 19 years had body mass index data for each year studied, 2006 to 2015.Wecalculated body mass index percentiles with the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Results. In 2015, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in AI/AN children aged 2 to 19 years was 18.5% and 29.7%, respectively. Boys had higher obesity prevalence than girls (31.5% vs 27.9%). Children aged 12 to 19 years had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than younger children. The AI/AN children in our study had a higher prevalence of obesity than US children overall in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results for 2006 through 2014 were similar. Conclusions. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among AI/AN children in this population may have stabilized, while remaining higher than prevalence for US children overall. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303904_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Patterns of use of smokeless tobacco in US Adults, 2013-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cheng, Y.-C. Author-Name: Rostron, B.L. Author-Name: Day, H.R. Author-Name: Stanton, C.A. Author-Name: Hull, L.C. Author-Name: Persoskie, A. Author-Name: Travers, M.J. Author-Name: Taylor, K. Author-Name: Conway, K.P. Author-Name: Ambrose, B.K. Author-Name: Borek, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1508-1514 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921 Abstract: Objectives. To examine patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, by type, in wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from 32 320 adults (aged ‡ 18 years) to assess the use of pouched snus and other SLT products (loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, and chewing tobacco). Results. Overall, SLT use was most common among men, younger adults, non-Hispanic Whites, and nonurban respondents. Pouched snus users were more likely to report nondaily and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products. Respondents who used SLT some days were more likely to be current established cigarette smokers than those who used SLT every day (57.9% vs 20.2%). Furthermore, current established smokers who used SLT some days were more likely to smoke every day and had a higher median number of cigarettes smoked per day than smokers who used SLT every day. Conclusions. Polytobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, is common among SLT users. Pouched snus users are more likely to report nondaily snus use and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303921_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Do our cells pay the price when we sit too much? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Du, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1360-1362 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303981_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: State health agency & local health department workforce: Identifying top development needs Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Beck, A.J. Author-Name: Leider, J.P. Author-Name: Coronado, F. Author-Name: Harper, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1418-1424 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875 Abstract: Objectives.To identify occupations with high-priority workforce development needs at public health departments in the United States. Methods. We surveyed 46 state health agencies (SHAs) and 112 local health departments (LHDs). We asked respondents to prioritize workforce needs for 29 occupations and identify whether more positions, more qualified candidates, more competitive salaries for recruitment or retention, or new or different staff skills were needed. Results. Forty-one SHAs (89%) and 36 LHDs (32%) participated. The SHAs reported having high-priority workforce needs for epidemiologists and laboratory workers; LHDs for disease intervention specialists, nurses, and administrative support, management, and leadership positions. Overall, the most frequently reported SHA workforce needs were more qualified candidates and more competitive salaries. The LHDs most frequently reported a need for more positions across occupations and more competitive salaries. Workforce priorities for respondents included strengthening epidemiology workforce capacity, adding administrative positions, and improving compensation to recruit and retain qualified employees. Conclusions. Strategies for addressing workforce development concerns of health agencies includeprovidingadditional trainingandworkforcedevelopmentresources, andidentifyingbest practices for recruitment and retention of qualified candidates. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303875_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: State & local chronic disease surveillance using electronic health record systems Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Klompas, M. Author-Name: Cocoros, N.M. Author-Name: Menchaca, J.T. Author-Name: Erani, D. Author-Name: Hafer, E. Author-Name: Herrick, B. Author-Name: Josephson, M. Author-Name: Lee, M. Author-Name: Weiss, M.D.P. Author-Name: Zambarano, B. Author-Name: Eberhardt, K.R. Author-Name: Malenfant, J. Author-Name: Nasuti, L. Author-Name: Land, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1406-1412 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the feasibility of chronic disease surveillance using distributed analysis of electronic health records and to compare results with Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) state and small-Area estimates. Methods. We queried the electronic health records of 3 independent Massachusettsbased practice groups using a distributed analysis tool called MDPHnet to measure the prevalence of diabetes, asthma, smoking, hypertension, and obesity in adults for the state and 13 cities. We adjusted observed rates for age, gender, and race/ethnicity relative to census data and compared them with BRFSS state and small-Area estimates. Results.The MDPHnet population under surveillance included 1 073 545 adults (21.8% of the state adult population). MDPHnet and BRFSS state-level estimates were similar: 9.4% versus 9.7% for diabetes, 10.0% versus 12.0% for asthma, 13.5% versus 14.7% for smoking, 26.3% versus 29.6% for hypertension, and 22.8% versus 23.8% for obesity. Correlation coefficients for MDPHnet versus BRFSS small-Area estimates ranged from 0.890 for diabetes to 0.646 for obesity. Conclusions. Chronic disease surveillance using electronic health record data is feasible and generates estimates comparable with BRFSS state and small-Area estimates. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303874_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network, New York City, 2015: Comparison of Member and Nonmember Sites Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Williams, M.D. Author-Name: Jean, M.C. Author-Name: Chen, B. Author-Name: Molinari, N.-A.M. Author-Name: LeBlanc, T.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S193-S198 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network member sites reported indicators of preparedness for public health emergencies compared with nonmember sites. The network-a collaboration between government and New York City primary care associations-offers technical assistance to primary care sites to improve disaster preparedness and response. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303954_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evacuation of pets during disasters: A public health intervention to increase resilience Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chadwin, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1413-1417 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877 Abstract: During a disaster, many pet owners want to evacuate their pets with them, only to find that evacuation and sheltering options are limited or nonexistent. This disregard for companion animal welfare during a disaster can have public health consequences. Pet owners may be stranded at home, unwilling to leave their pets behind. Others refuse evacuation orders or attempt to reenter evacuation sites illegally to rescue their animals. Psychopathologies such as grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with pet abandonment during an evacuation. Health care workers may refuse to work if their animals are in danger, leaving medical facilities understaffed during crises. Zoonotic disease risk increases when pets are abandoned or left to roam,where they are more likely to encounter infected wildlife or unowned animals than they would if they were safely sheltered with their owners. These sequelae are not unique to the United States, nor to wealthy countries. Emergency planning for companion animals during disasters is a global need in communities with a significant pet population, and will increase resilience and improve public health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Excessive gestational weight gain & subsequent maternal obesity at age 40: A hypothetical intervention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Abrams, B. Author-Name: Coyle, J. Author-Name: Cohen, K. Author-Name: Headen, I. Author-Name: Hubbard, A. Author-Name: Ritchie, L. Author-Name: Rehkopf, D.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1463-1469 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881 Abstract: Objectives. To model the hypothetical impact of preventing excessive gestational weight gain on midlife obesity and compare the estimated reduction with the US Healthy People 2020 goal of a 10% reduction of obesity prevalence in adults. Methods. We analyzed 3917 women with 1 to 3 pregnancies in the prospective US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, from 1979 to 2012. We compared the estimated obesity prevalence between 2 scenarios: gestational weight gain as reported and under the scenario of a hypothetical intervention that all women with excessive gestational weight gain instead gained as recommended by the Institute of Medicine (2009). Results. A hypothetical intervention was associated with a significantly reduced estimated prevalence of obesity for first (3.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 5.6) and second (3.0 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.7, 5.2) births, and twice as high in Black as in White mothers, but not significant in Hispanics. The population attributable fraction was 10.7% (95% CI = 3.3%, 18.1%) in first and 9.3% (95% CI = 2.2%, 16.5%) in second births. Conclusions. Development of effective weight-management interventions for childbearing women could lead to meaningful reductions in long-Term obesity. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303881_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Industry payments to physicians for opioid products, 2013-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hadland, S.E. Author-Name: Krieger, M.S. Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1493-1495 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982 Abstract: Objectives. To identify payments that involved opioid products from the pharmaceutical industry to physicians. Methods. We used the Open Payments program database from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify payments involving an opioid to physicians between August 2013 and December 2015. We used medians, interquartile ranges, and ranges as a result of heavily skewed distributions to examine payments according to opioid product, abuse-deterrent formulation, nature of payment, state, and physician specialty. Results. During the study, 375 266 nonresearch opioid-related payments were made to 68 177 physicians, totaling $46 158 388. The top 1% of physicians received 82.5% of total payments in dollars. Abuse-deterrent formulations constituted 20.3% of total payments, and buprenorphine marketed for addiction treatment constituted 9.9%. Most payments were for speaking fees or honoraria (63.2% of all dollars), whereas food and beverage payments were the most frequent (93.9% of all payments). Physicians specializing in anesthesiology received the most in total annual payments (median = $50; interquartile range = $16-$151). Conclusions. Approximately 1 in 12 US physicians received a payment involving an opioid during the 29-month study. These findings should prompt an examination of industry influences on opioid prescribing. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303982_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Emergency Risk Communications Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Savoia, E. Author-Name: Lin, L. Author-Name: Gamhewage, G.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S208-S214 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040 Abstract: RESULTS: We identified a list of ERC outcomes from the full-text review of 152 articles and categorized these into 3 groups, depending upon the level at which the outcome was measured: (1) information environment, (2) population, and (3) public health system. We analyzed interviewees' data from 18 interviews to identify practices and processes related to the effectiveness of ERC and included these as key structural components and processes in the developed evaluation framework. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304040_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Science in Emergency Response at CDC: Structure and Functions Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Iskander, J. Author-Name: Rose, D.A. Author-Name: Ghiya, N.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S122-S125 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951 Abstract: Recent high-profile activations of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) include responses to the West African Ebola and Zika virus epidemics. Within the EOC, emergency responses are organized according to the Incident Management System, which provides a standardized structure and chain of command, regardless of whether the EOC activation occurs in response to an outbreak, natural disaster, or other type of public health emergency. By embedding key scientific roles, such as the associate director for science, and functions within a Scientific Response Section, the current CDC emergency response structure ensures that both urgent and important science issues receive needed attention. Key functions during emergency responses include internal coordination of scientific work, data management, information dissemination, and scientific publication. We describe a case example involving the ongoing Zika virus response that demonstrates how the scientific response structure can be used to rapidly produce high-quality science needed to answer urgent public health questions and guide policy. Within the context of emergency response, longer-term priorities at CDC include both streamlining administrative requirements and funding mechanisms for scientific research. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303951_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Improved health: A bipartisan opportunity to expand the scope of health reform Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jones, D.K. Author-Name: Simmons, M. Author-Name: Galea, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1383-1384 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303970_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Health System Research in Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States (2009-2015): Actionable Knowledge Base Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Savoia, E. Author-Name: Lin, L. Author-Name: Bernard, D. Author-Name: Klein, N. Author-Name: James, L.P. Author-Name: Guicciardi, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: e1-e6 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051 Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Institute of Medicine released a letter report identifying 4 research priority areas for public health emergency preparedness in public health system research: (1) enhancing the usefulness of training, (2) improving timely emergency communications, (3) creating and maintaining sustainable response systems, and (4) generating effectiveness criteria and metrics. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304051_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Television watching & telomere length among adults in southwest China Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Xue, H.-M. Author-Name: Liu, Q.-Q. Author-Name: Tian, G. Author-Name: Quan, L.-M. Author-Name: Zhao, Y. Author-Name: Cheng, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1425-1432 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879 Abstract: Objectives. To explore the independent associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with telomere length among Chinese adults. Methods. Data on total time of sedentary behavior, screen-based sedentary behavior (including television watching and computer or phone use), moderate to vigorous physical activity, and dietary intake of 518 adults in Chengdu, Guizhou, and Xiamen in China (54.25% women) aged 20 to 70 years were obtained between 2013 and 2015 through questionnaires. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured to calculate body mass index and percentage of body fat. Telomere length was measured through Southern blot technique. Results. Television watching was inversely related to adjusted telomere length (-71.75 base pair; SE = 34.40; P = .04). Furthermore, a similar trend between telomere length and television watching was found in the group aged 20 to 40 years after adjusting for all covariates. Adults aged 20 to 40 years in the highest tertile of daily time spent on watching television had 4.0% shorter telomere length than adults in the lowest tertile (P = .03). Conclusions. Although the association is modest, television watching is inversely related to telomere length among Chinese adults, warranting further investigation in large prospective studies. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303879_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Population mental health & community violence: Advancing the role of local health departments Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Purtle, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1358-1360 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979 Abstract: An author's name was misspelled. On page e9, second column, the author name should read: Gladys E. Ibañez. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303979_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Contextualizing complexity: When are systems science methods constructive? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marshall, B.D.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1385-1386 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303873_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Progress in Public Health Emergency Preparedness-United States, 2001-2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Murthy, B.P. Author-Name: Molinari, N.-A.M. Author-Name: LeBlanc, T.T. Author-Name: Vagi, S.J. Author-Name: Avchen, R.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S180-S185 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) program's progress toward meeting public health preparedness capability standards in state, local, and territorial health departments. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304038_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Minimum age of sale for tobacco products & electronic cigarettes: Ethical acceptability of US "Tobacco 21 Laws Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morain, S.R. Author-Name: Malek, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1401-1405 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900 Abstract: Several US jurisdictions have recently passed laws that raise the minimum age of sale for tobacco products and electronic cigarettes to 21 years (Tobacco 21 laws). Although these laws have been demonstrated to be an effective means to reduce youth smoking initiation, their passage and potential expansion have provoked controversy. Critics have objected to these laws, claiming that they unduly intrude on individual freedom and that they irrationally and paternalistically restrict the freedom of those aged 18 to 20 years, who were previously able to legally purchase tobacco products. We have examined the ethical acceptability of Tobacco 21 laws. First, we have described ethical support for such a restriction grounded in its public health benefit. We have then offered arguments that raise doubts about the soundness of critics' objections to these regulations and described an additional ethical justification arising from concern about preventing harm to others. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that Tobacco 21 laws are ethically justifiable. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303900_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Promoting Community Preparedness and Resilience: A Latino Immigrant Community-Driven Project Following Hurricane Sandy Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cuervo, I. Author-Name: Leopold, L. Author-Name: Baron, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S161-S164 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053 Abstract: As community residents and recovery workers, Latino immigrants play important roles after disasters, yet are rarely included in preparedness planning. A community-university-labor union partnership created a demonstration project after Hurricane Sandy to strengthen connections to disaster preparedness systems to increase community resilience among Latino immigrant communities in New York and New Jersey. Building ongoing ties that connect workers and community-based organizations with local disaster preparedness systems provided mutual benefits to disaster planners and local immigrant communities, and also had an impact on national disaster-related initiatives. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304053_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Are there any ethical barriers to effective antismoking measures? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lindblom, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1364-1365 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303978_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers in 6 US States: 1995-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chihuri, S. Author-Name: Li, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1487-1492 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers. Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time. Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = -9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (‡ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs. Conclusions. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased in the past 2 decades. The need to assess the effect of increased prescription opioid use on traffic safety is urgent. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303902_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From lead exposure in early childhood to adolescent health: A chicago birth cohort Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Winter, A.S. Author-Name: Sampson, R.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1496-1501 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relationships between childhood lead exposure and 3 domains of later adolescent health: mental, physical, and behavioral. Methods.We followed a random sample of birth cohort members from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, recruited in 1995 to 1997, to age 17 years and matched to childhood blood test results from the Department of Public Health. We used ordinary least squares regression, coarsened exact matching, and instrumental variables to assess the relationship between average blood lead levels in childhood and impulsivity, anxiety or depression, and body mass index in adolescence. All models adjusted for relevant individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics. Results. After adjustment, a 1 microgram per deciliter increase in average childhood blood lead level significantly predicts 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.12) and 0.09 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.16) SD increases and a 0.37 (95% CI = 0.11, 0.64) point increase in adolescent impulsivity, anxiety or depression, and body mass index, respectively, following ordinary least squares regression. Results following matching and instrumental variable strategies are very similar. Conclusions. Childhood lead exposure undermines adolescent well-being, with implications for the persistence of racial and class inequalities, considering structural patterns of initial exposure. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1496-1501. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2017.303903). Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ethical guidance for disaster response, specifically around crisis standards of care: A systematic review Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Leider, J.P. Author-Name: Debruin, D. Author-Name: Reynolds, N. Author-Name: Koch, A. Author-Name: Seaberg, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: e1-e9 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882 Abstract: Background. Terrorism, disease outbreaks, and other natural disasters and mass casualty events have pushed health care and public health systems to identify and refine emergency preparedness protocols for disaster response. Ethical guidance, alongside legal and medical frameworks, are increasingly common components of disaster response plans. Objectives. To systematically review the prevalence and content of ethical guidance offered for disaster response, specifically around crisis standards of care (CSCs). Search methods. We systematically indexed academic literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science from 2012 to 2016. Selection criteria. We searched for peer-reviewed articles that substantively engaged in discussion of ethical guidance for CSCs. Data collection and analysis. Researchers screened potential articles for identification and discussion of ethical issues in CSC planning. We categorized and cataloged ethical concepts and principles. Main results. Of 580 peer-reviewed articles mentioning ethics and CSCs or disaster planning, 38 (6%)met selection criteria.The systematic reviewof the CSC ethics literature since 2012 showed that authors were primarily focused on the ethical justifications for CSC (n = 20) as well as a need for ethics guidelines for implementing CSCs; the ethical justifications for triage (n = 19), both as to which criteria to use and the appropriate processes by which to employ triage; and international issues (n = 17). In addition to these areas of focus, the scholarly literature included discussion of a number of other ethical issues, including duty to care (n = 11), concepts of a duty to plan (n = 8), utilitarianism (n = 5), moral distress (n = 4), professional norms (n = 3), reciprocity (n = 2), allocation criteria (n= 4), equity (n = 4), research ethics (n = 2), duty to steward resources (n = 2), social utility and social worth (n = 2), and a number of others (n = 20). Although public health preparedness efforts have paid increasing attention to CSCs in recent years, CSC plans have rarely been implemented within the United States to date, although some components are common (e.g., triage is used in US emergency departments regularly). Conversely, countries outside the United States more commonly implement CSCs within a natural disaster or humanitarian crisis response, and may offer significant insight into ethics and disaster response for US-based practitioners. Conclusions. This systematic review identifies the most oft-used and -discussed ethical concepts and principles used in disaster planning around CSCs. Although discussion ofmore nuanced issues (e.g., health equity) are present, the majority of items substantively engaging in ethical discussion around disaster planning do so regarding triage and why ethics is needed in disaster response generally. Public health implications. A significant evolution in disaster planning has occurred within the past decade; ethical theories and frameworks have been put to work. For ethical guidance to be useful, it must be practical and implementable. Although high-level, abstract frameworks were once prevalent in disaster planning-especially in the early days of pandemic planning-concerns about the ethically difficult concept of CSCs pervade scholarly articles. Ethical norms must be clearly stated and justified and practical guidelines ought to follow from them. Ethical frameworks should guide clinical protocols, but this requires that ethical analysis clarifies what strategies to use to honor ethical commitments and achieve ethical objectives. Such implementation issues must be considered well ahead of a disaster. As governments and health care systems plan for mass casualty events, ethical guidance that is theoretically sound and practically useful can-And should-form an important foundation from which to build practical guidance for responding to disasters with morally appropriate means. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Editor's choice: Standing rock doesn't stand alone: The health care battle across Native America Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hoyer, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1349 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303939_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Health Preparedness Funding: Key Programs and Trends From 2001 to 2017 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Watson, C.R. Author-Name: Watson, M. Author-Name: Sell, T.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S165-S167 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends in funding over the past 16 years for key federal public health preparedness and response programs at the US Department of Health and Human Services, to improve understanding of federal funding history in this area, and to provide context for future resource allocation decisions for public health preparedness. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Missingdataandsystematic bias Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Myers, K.O. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: e14 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303969_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Undocumented immigration, drug problems, & driving under the influence in the United States, 1990-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Light, M.T. Author-Name: Miller, T. Author-Name: Kelly, B.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1448-1454 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths. Methods. We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented population between 1990 and 2014 from the Center for Migration Studies with arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports and fatality information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Underlying Cause of Death database. We used fixed-effects regression models to examine the longitudinal association between increased undocumented immigration and drug problems and drunk driving. Results. Increased undocumented immigration was significantly associated with reductions in drug arrests, drug overdose deaths, and DUI arrests, net of other factors. There was no significant relationship between increased undocumented immigration and DUI deaths. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that undocumented immigration has not increased the prevalence of drug or alcohol problems, but may be associated with reductions in these public health concerns. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Data sources hinder our understanding of transgender murders Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stotzer, R.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 9 Pages: 1362-1363 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303973_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Improvements in State and Local Planning for Mass Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures: The Technical Assistance Review Program, United States, 2007-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Renard, P.G., Jr Author-Name: Vagi, S.J. Author-Name: Reinold, C.M. Author-Name: Silverman, B.L. Author-Name: Avchen, R.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: S2 Pages: S200-S207 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037 Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and describe outcomes of state and local medical countermeasure preparedness planning, which is critical to ensure rapid distribution and dispensing of a broad spectrum of life-saving medical assets during a public health emergency. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304037_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lower-risk cannabis use guidelines: A comprehensive update of evidence and recommendations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fischer, B. Author-Name: Russell, C. Author-Name: Sabioni, P. Author-Name: Van Den Brink, W. Author-Name: Le Foll, B. Author-Name: Hall, W. Author-Name: Rehm, J. Author-Name: Room, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e1-e12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818 Abstract: Background. Cannabis use is common in North America, especially among young people, and is associated with a risk of various acute and chronic adverse health outcomes. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, for example toward a national legalization policy in Canada, with the aim to improve public health, and thus require evidence-based interventions. As cannabis-related health outcomes may be influenced by behaviors that are modifiable by the user, evidence-based Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG)-akin to similar guidelines in other health fields-offer a valuable, targeted prevention tool to improve public health outcomes. Objectives. To systematically review, update, and quality-grade evidence on behavioral factors determining adverse health outcomes from cannabis that may be modifiable by the user, and translate this evidence into revised LRCUG as a public health intervention tool based on an expert consensus process. Search methods. We used pertinent medical search terms and structured search strategies, to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library databases, and reference lists primarily for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and additional evidence on modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes from cannabis use. Selection criteria. We included studies if they focused on potentially modifiable behavior-based factors for risks or harms for health from cannabis use, and excluded studies if cannabis use was assessed for therapeutic purposes. Data collection and analysis. We screened the titles and abstracts of all studies identified by the search strategy and assessed the full texts of all potentially eligible studies for inclusion; 2 of the authors independently extracted the data of all studies included in this review.We created Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow-charts for each of the topical searches. Subsequently, we summarized the evidence by behavioral factor topic, quality-graded it by following standard (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; GRADE) criteria, and translated it into the LRCUG recommendations by the author expert collective on the basis of an iterative consensus process. Main results. For most recommendations, there was at least "substantial" (i.e., good-quality) evidence. We developed 10 major recommendations for lower-risk use: (1) the most effective way to avoid cannabis use-related health risks is abstinence, (2) avoid early age initiation of cannabis use (i.e., definitively before the age of 16 years), (3) choose low-potency tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or balanced THC-to-cannabidiol (CBD)-ratio cannabis products, (4) abstain from using synthetic cannabinoids, (5) avoid combusted cannabis inhalation and give preference to nonsmoking use methods, (6) avoid deep or other risky inhalation practices, (7) avoid high-frequency (e.g., daily or near-daily) cannabis use, (8) abstain from cannabis-impaired driving, (9) populations at higher risk for cannabis use-related health problems should avoid use altogether, and (10) avoid combining previously mentioned risk behaviors (e.g., early initiation and high-frequency use). Authors' conclusions. Evidence indicates that a substantial extent of the risk of adverse health outcomes from cannabis use may be reduced by informed behavioral choices among users. The evidence-based LRCUG serve as a population-level education and intervention tool to inform such user choices toward improved public health outcomes. However, the LRCUG ought to be systematically communicated and supported by key regulation measures (e.g., cannabis product labeling, content regulation) to be effective. All of these measures are concretely possible under emerging legalization regimes, and should be actively implemented by regulatory authorities. The population-level impact of the LRCUG toward reducing cannabis use-related health risks should be evaluated. Public health implications. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, including legalization in North America, with uncertain impacts on public health. Evidence-based LRCUG offer a potentially valuable population-level tool to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes from cannabis use among (especially young) users in legalization contexts, and hence to contribute to improved public health outcomes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health without fear of consequences or inconsequences Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Buekens, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1255-1256 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303866_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Accountable care organizations' payments to physicians: Patients should have the right to know Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Mansour, M. Author-Name: Favini, N. Author-Name: Carome, M.A. Author-Name: Woolhandler, S. Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1251-1252 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303918_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Alang et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Alang, S. Author-Name: McAlpine, D. Author-Name: Hardeman, R. Author-Name: McCreedy, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e22-e23 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303872_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vocal timbre and the classification of respondent sex in US phone-based surveys Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Riley, N.C. Author-Name: Blosnich, J.R. Author-Name: Bear, T.M. Author-Name: Reisner, S.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1290-1294 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834 Abstract: Objectives. To characterize the conflict of sex and gender identity variables in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) sample and examine how this may affect the administration of sex-related health behavior items to transgender participants. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2014 BRFSS gender identity, sex, and sex-related health behavior variables. Twenty states administered the genderidentity variables (n = 154 062), and 691 respondents identified as transgender in the survey (0.4%). We examined conflict among sex, gender identity, and gender-related variables, and compared conflicting and nonconflicting groups across 4 sociodemographic characteristics. Results. Nearly one third of respondents (27.8%; n = 171) who identified as transgender received sex-specific items that conflicted with their natal sex, thereby reducing the already small subsample of valid responses. There were no significant differences between conflicting and nonconflicting groups on the basis of region, age, race/ethnicity, or type of interview. Conclusions. Public health surveys should ask respondents to self-identify their sex and gender identity. Interviewer assumptions of respondents' sex may lead to erroneous collection of sex- and gender-based items, inhibit survey administration, and create problems in data quality. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303834_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How can helicopter parents have missed young worker safety? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lacey, S.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1193 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303905_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Crash fatality rates after recreational marijuana legalization in Washington and Colorado Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Aydelotte, J.D. Author-Name: Brown, L.H. Author-Name: Luftman, K.M. Author-Name: Mardock, A.L. Author-Name: Teixeira, P.G.R. Author-Name: Coopwood, B. Author-Name: Brown, C.V.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1329-1331 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate motor vehicle crash fatality rates in the first 2 states with recreational marijuana legalization and compare them with motor vehicle crash fatality rates in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization. Methods. We used the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System to determine the annual numbers of motor vehicle crash fatalities between 2009 and 2015 in Washington, Colorado, and 8 control states.We compared year-over-year changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates (per billion vehicle miles traveled) before and after recreational marijuana legalization with a difference-in-differences approach that controlled for underlying time trends and state-specific population, economic, and traffic characteristics. Results. Pre-recreational marijuana legalization annual changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were similar to those for the control states. Post-recreational marijuana legalization changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado also did not significantly differ from those for the control states (adjusted difference-in-differences coefficient = +0.2 fatalities/billion vehicle miles traveled; 95% confidence interval = -0.4, +0.9). Conclusions. Three years after recreational marijuana legalization, changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were not statistically different from those in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization. Future studies over a longer time remain warranted. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Judicial bypass for minors seeking abortions in Arkansas versus other states Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Altindag, O. Author-Name: Joyce, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1266-1271 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822 Abstract: Objectives. To describe demographic characteristics and abortion timing of minors in Arkansas who obtained an abortion through a judicial bypass, and to contrast the frequency of judicial bypass in other states in the United States. Methods.Weused individual-level data on all abortions to minors (n = 2624) performed in Arkansas from 2005 to 2014 and aggregated data from 10 additional states on abortions obtained through a judicial bypass. We characterized correlates of the judicial bypass and its association with the timing of abortion. Results. Minors in Arkansas who used the courts were more likely to be 17 years of age, nonresidents of Arkansas, Hispanic, and with fewer previous pregnancies than their younger, resident, non-Hispanic White, and multigravida counterparts; 7.7% of abortions to minors were obtained via a bypass in 11 states, but only 2% if Texas and Arkansas are excluded. Conclusions. The demographics of minors who obtain an abortion through a judicial bypass differ significantly from those who have parental consent, and there is widespread variation in the proportion of bypass cases across states. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303822_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ideologically motivated violence: A public health approach to prevention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wynia, M.K. Author-Name: Eisenman, D. Author-Name: Hanfling, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1244-1246 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303907_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Prevalence of Financial Fraud and Scams Among Older Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Burnes, D. Author-Name: Henderson, C.R. Author-Name: Sheppard, C. Author-Name: Zhao, R. Author-Name: Pillemer, K. Author-Name: Lachs, M.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1295 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a Abstract: BACKGROUND: The financial exploitation of older adults was recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a serious public health problem. Knowledge of the prevalence of elder financial exploitation is mostly limited to the category of financial abuse, which occurs in relationships involving an expectation of trust. Little is known about the other major category of elder financial exploitation-elder financial fraud and scams, which is perpetrated by strangers. A valid estimate of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence is necessary as a foundation for research and prevention efforts. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821a_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Deciphering suicide and other manners of death associated with drug intoxication: A centers for disease control and prevention consultation meeting summary Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stone, D.M. Author-Name: Holland, K.M. Author-Name: Bartholow, B. Author-Name: Logan, J.E. Author-Name: LiKamWa McIntosh, W. Author-Name: Trudeau, A. Author-Name: Rockett, I.R.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1233-1239 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863 Abstract: Manner of death (MOD) classification (i.e., natural, accident, suicide, homicide, or undetermined cause) affects mortality surveillance and public health research, policy, and practice. Determination of MOD in deaths caused by drug intoxication is challenging, with marked variability across states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a multidisciplinary meeting to discuss drug intoxication deaths as they relate to suicide and other MOD. The meeting objectives were to identify individual-level, system-level, and place-based factors affecting MOD classification and identify potential solutions to classification barriers. Suggested strategies included improved standardization in death scene investigation, toxicology, and autopsy practice; greater accountability; and creationof jobaids for investigators. Continued collaboration and coordination of activities are needed among stakeholders to affect prevention efforts. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303863_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Raising our voices against discrimination-and for public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Heymann, J. Author-Name: Sprague, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1256-1258 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303889_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The public health practitioner of the future Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Erwin, P.C. Author-Name: Brownson, R.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1227-1232 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823 Abstract: The requisite capacities and capabilities of the public health practitioner of the future are being driven by multiple forces of change, including public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, globalized travel, and the repercussions of the Affordable Care Act. We describe five critical capacities and capabilities that public health practitioners can build on to successfully prepare for and respond to these forces of change: systems thinking and systems methods, communication capacities, an entrepreneurial orientation, transformational ethics, and policy analysis and response. Equipping the public health practitioner with the requisite capabilities and capacities will require new content and methods for those in public health academia, as well as a recommitment to lifelong learning on the part of the practitioner, within an increasingly uncertain and polarized political environment. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303823_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Differing perspectives on analyzing data related to firearms and suicide Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stuart, E.A. Author-Name: Crifasi, C. Author-Name: McCourt, A. Author-Name: Vernick, J.S. Author-Name: Webster, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e26 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303890_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Personally identifiable information in state laws: Use, release, and collaboration at health departments Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Begley, E.B. Author-Name: Ware, J.M. Author-Name: Hexem, S.A. Author-Name: Rapposelli, K. Author-Name: Thompson, K. Author-Name: Penn, M.S. Author-Name: Aquino, G.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1272-1276 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862 Abstract: Despite benefits to sharing data among public health programs, confidentiality laws are often presumed to obstruct collaboration or data sharing. We present anoverviewof theuseandrelease of confidential, personally identifiable information as consistent with public health interests and identify opportunities to align data-sharing procedures with use andreleaseprovisions in statelaws to improve program outcomes. In August 2013, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff and legal researchers from the National Nurse-Led Care Consortium conducted a review of state laws regulating state and local health departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Nearly all states and the District of Columbia employ provisions for the generaluse and release of personally identifiable information without patient consent; disease-specific use or release provisions vary by state. Absence of lawregardinguse and release provisions was noted. Health departments should assess existing state laws to determine whether the use or release of personally identifiable information is permitted. Absence of direction should not prevent data sharing but prompt an analysis of existing provisions in confidentiality laws. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303862_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Crowdsourced health data: Comparability to a US national survey, 2013-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Yank, V. Author-Name: Agarwal, S. Author-Name: Loftus, P. Author-Name: Asch, S. Author-Name: Rehkopf, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1283-1289 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the generalizability of crowdsourced, electronic health data from self-selected individuals using a national survey as a reference. Methods. Using the world's largest crowdsourcing platform in 2015, we collected data on characteristics known to influence cardiovascular disease risk and identified comparable data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used age-stratified logistic regression models to identify differences among groups. Results. Crowdsourced respondents were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic and White, and had higher educational attainment. Those aged 40 to 59 years were similar to US adults in the rates of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Those aged 18 to 39 years were less similar, whereas those aged 60 to 75 years were underrepresented among crowdsourced respondents. Conclusions. Crowdsourced health data might be most generalizable to adults aged 40 to 59 years, but studies of younger or older populations, racial and ethnic minorities, or those with lower educational attainment should approach crowdsourced data with caution. PublicHealth Implications. Policymakers, the national PrecisionMedicine Initiative, andothers planning to use crowdsourced data should take explicit steps to define and address anticipated underrepresentation by important population subgroups. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303824_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Prevalence of financial fraud and scams among older adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Burnes, D. Author-Name: Henderson, C.R., Jr. Author-Name: Sheppard, C. Author-Name: Zhao, R. Author-Name: Pillemer, K. Author-Name: Lachs, M.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e13-e21 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821 Abstract: Background. The financial exploitation of older adults was recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a serious public health problem. Knowledge of the prevalence of elder financial exploitation is mostly limited to the category of financial abuse, which occurs in relationships involving an expectation of trust. Little is known about the other major category of elder financial exploitation-elder financial fraud and scams, which is perpetrated by strangers. A valid estimate of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence is necessary as a foundation for research and prevention efforts. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of elder financial fraud-scam victimization in the United States based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Search Methods. Multiple investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed relevant full-text records from PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and AgeLine databases. Selection Criteria. To maximize the validity and generalizability of prevalence estimation, we restricted eligibility to general populationbased studies (English speaking, 1990 onward) using state- or national-level probability sampling and collecting data directly from older adults. Data Collection and Analysis. Information on elder financial fraud-scam prevalence and study-level characteristics was extracted independently by 2 investigators. Meta-analysis of elder financial fraud-scam prevalence used generalized mixed models with individual studies as levels of a random classification factor. Main Results. We included 12 studies involving a total of 41 711 individuals in the meta-analysis. Overall pooled elder financial fraud-scam prevalence (up to 5-year period) across studies was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0%, 7.8%), with a 1-year period prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI = 3.2%, 7.6%). Studies using a series of questions describing specific fraud-scam events to measure victimization found a significantly higher prevalence (7.1%; 95% CI = 4.8%, 9.4%) than studies using a single, generalquestion self-report assessment approach (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.8%, 5.4%). Author's Conclusions. Elder financial fraud and scams is a common problem, affecting approximately 1 of every 18 cognitively intact, community-dwelling older adults each year; it requires further attention from researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. Elder financial fraud-scam prevalence findings in this study likely underestimate the true population prevalence. We provide methodological recommendations to limit older adult participation and reporting bias in future population-based research. Public Health Implications. Elder financial exploitation victimization is associated with mortality, hospitalization, and poor physical and mental health. Health care professionals working with older adults likely routinely encounter patients who are fraud-scam victims. Validation of instruments to screen for elder financial fraud and scams in clinical settings is an important area of future research. Without effective primary prevention strategies, the absolute scope of this problem will escalate with the growing population of older adults. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Exchanging identifiable health information among health departments: A route through the legal maze Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hodge, J.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1207-1209 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303911_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Defining roles for schools and programs of public health in the age of trump Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Palmedo, C. Author-Name: Roberts, L. Author-Name: Freudenberg, N. Author-Name: Sembajwe, G. Author-Name: Geltman, E. Author-Name: Heller, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1242-1244 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303897_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Repealing the affordable care act essential health benefits: Threats and obstacles Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Willison, C.E. Author-Name: Singer, P.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1225-1226 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303888_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dust exposure and coccidioidomycosis prevention among solar power farm construction workers in California Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cooksey, G.L.S. Author-Name: Wilken, J.A. Author-Name: McNary, J. Author-Name: Gilliss, D. Author-Name: Shusterman, D. Author-Name: Materna, B.L. Author-Name: Vugia, D.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1296-1303 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate if work activities, dust exposure, and protection measures were associated with a 2011 to 2014 coccidioidomycosis outbreak among workers constructing 2 solar farms in California. Methods. In 2013,wemailed self-administered questionnaires to employees who were onsite at the solar farms where the outbreak occurred to identify cases of clinical coccidioidomycosis and compare with asymptomatic workers by using multivariate logistic regression. Results. When we compared 89 workers with clinical coccidioidomycosis to 325 asymptomatic workers, frequently being in a dust cloud or storm (odds ratio [OR] = 5.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18, 11.06) significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis, whereas frequently wetting soil before soil-disturbing activity (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.75) was protective. When we controlled for being in a dust cloud or storm, frequent soil disturbance significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis only among those who reported wearing a respirator infrequently (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.27, 4.21). Conclusions. Utilization of personal and employer-driven safety practices and increased coccidioidomycosis awareness among construction workers should be considered during the planning of any construction work in coccidioidomycosis-endemic regions to prevent occupational infections and outbreaks. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303820_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The end of written informed consent for HIV testing: Not with a bang but a whimper Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bayer, R. Author-Name: Philbin, M. Author-Name: Remien, R.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1259-1265 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819 Abstract: In 2014, only two states in the United States still mandated specific written informed consent for HIV testing and, after years of controversy, New York ended this requirement, leaving only Nebraska. New York's shift to opt-out testing meant that a singular feature of what had characterized the exceptionalism surrounding HIV testing was eliminated. We trace the history of debates on written informed consent nationally and in New York State. Over the years of dispute from when HIV testing was initiated in 1985 to 2014, the evidence about the benefits and burdens of written informed consent changed. Just as important was the transformation of the political configuration of HIV advocacy and funding, both nationwide and in New York State. What had for years been the subject of furious debate over what a rational and ethical screening policy required came to an end without the slightest public protest. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Understanding and improving arterial roads to support public health and transportation goals Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McAndrews, C. Author-Name: Pollack, K.M. Author-Name: Berrigan, D. Author-Name: Dannenberg, A.L. Author-Name: Christopher, E.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1278-1282 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898 Abstract: Arterials are types of roads designed to carry high volumes of motorized traffic. They are an integral part of transportation systems worldwide and exposure to them is ubiquitous, especially in urban areas. Arterials provide access to diverse commercial and cultural resources, which can positively influence community health by supporting social cohesion as well as economic andcultural opportunities. They can negatively influence health via safety issues, noise, air pollution, and lack of economic development. The aims of public health and transportation partially overlap; efforts to improve arterials can meet goals of both professions. Two trends in arterial design show promise. First, transportation professionals increasingly define the performance of arterials via metrics accounting for pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, and nearby residents in addition to motor vehicle users. Second, applying traffic engineering and design can generate safety, air quality, and livability benefits, but we need evidence to support these interventions. We describe the importance of arterials (including exposures, health behaviors, effects on equity, and resulting health outcomes) and make the case for public health collaborations with the transportationsector. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303898_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Unintentional poisoning in China, 1990 to 2015: The global burden of disease study 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tang, Y. Author-Name: Zhang, L. Author-Name: Pan, J. Author-Name: Zhang, Q. Author-Name: He, T. Author-Name: Wu, Z. Author-Name: Zhan, J. Author-Name: Li, Q. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1311-1315 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the unintentional poisoning burden and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2015. Methods. We extracted data fromthe Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 to compare mortality, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years livedwith a disability, and risk factors of unintentional poisoning in China.We determined themedian of the percent change and 95%uncertainty interval for theperiod between 1990 and 2015. Results. The age-standardized unintentional poisoning death rate decreased by 61.8% from 1990 (4.1 per 100 000) to 2015 (1.6 per 100 000). The age-standardized prevalence decreased from 1990 (87.9 per 100 000) to 2010 (39.0 per 100 000), but rebounded in 2015 (42.6 per 100 000). All risk factors combined accounted for 14.9% of unintentional poisoning DALYs in 2015.The leading risk factors for unintentional poisoning DALYs were alcohol and drug use and occupational risks. Conclusions. China has made substantial progress in reducing the mortality attributable to unintentional poisoning, but the prevalence and absolute number of patients has been increasing again since 2010. The growing contribution from alcohol and drug use requires increased attention. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303841_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Prepare and support our chief health strategists on the front lines Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: De Salvo, K.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1205-1206 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303912_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Krieger responds Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Krieger, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e28-e29 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303894_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Hurricane sandy (New Jersey): Mortality rates in the following month and quarter Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kim, S. Author-Name: Kulkarni, P.A. Author-Name: Rajan, M. Author-Name: Thomas, P. Author-Name: Tsai, S. Author-Name: Tan, C. Author-Name: Davidow, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1304-1307 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826 Abstract: Objectives. To describe changes in mortality after Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey on October 29, 2012. Methods. We used electronic death records to describe changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality overall, in persons aged 76 years or older, and by 3 Sandy impact levels for the month and quarter following Hurricane Sandy compared with the same periods in earlier years adjusted for trends. Results. All-causemortality increased 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] =2%, 11%) for the month, 5%, 8%, and 12%by increasing Sandy impact level; and7%(95%CI = 5%, 10%) for the quarter, 5%, 8%, and 15% by increasing Sandy impact level. In elderly persons, all-cause mortality rates increased 10%(95%CI = 5%, 15%) and 13%(95%CI =10%,16%) in themonth andquarter, respectively. Deaths thatwerecardiovascular disease-related increased by6%in both periods, noninfectious respiratory disease-related by 24% in the quarter, infectionrelated by 20% in the quarter, and unintentional injury-related by 23% in the month. Conclusions. Mortality increased, heterogeneous by cause, for both periods after Hurricane Sandy, particularly in communities more severely affected and in the elderly, who may benefit from supportive services. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303826_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Erasing LGBT people from federal data collection: A need for vigilance Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Loewy, K.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1217-1218 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303914_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trump order mandating deportation for health service use: Not legally sufficient Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Calvo, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1240-1241 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303896_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Serious, nonlethal firearm-related injuries in the United States: Compiling the evidence Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Salemi, J.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e24-e25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303869_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: LGBT data collection amid social and demographic shifts of the US LGBT community Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gates, G.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1220-1222 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health-related quality of life among US workers: Variability across occupation groups Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shockey, T.M. Author-Name: Zack, M. Author-Name: Sussell, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1316-1323 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840 Abstract: Objectives.To examine the health-related quality of life among workers in 22 standard occupation groups using data from the 2013-2014 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Methods.Weexamined the health-related quality of life measures of self-rated health, frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days by occupation group for 155 839 currently employed adults among 17 states. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses that accounted for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System's complex survey design to obtain prevalence estimates adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Among all occupation groups, the arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupation group reported the highest adjusted prevalence of frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days.The personal care and service occupation group had the highest adjusted prevalence for fair or poor self-rated health. Conclusions. Workers' jobs affect their health-related quality of life. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303840_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Polysubstance use among US women of reproductive age who use opioids for nonmedical reasons Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jarlenski, M. Author-Name: Barry, C.L. Author-Name: Gollust, S. Author-Name: Graves, A.J. Author-Name: Kennedy-Hendricks, A. Author-Name: Kozhimannil, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1308-1310 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825 Abstract: Objectives.To determine the prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use among US reproductive-aged women who use opioids for nonmedical purposes. Methods. We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2005-2014) data on female respondents aged 18 to 44 years reporting nonmedical opioid use in the past 30 days (unweighted n = 4498). We categorized patterns of polysubstance use in the past 30 days, including cigarettes, binge drinking, and other legal and illicit substances and reported prevalence adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Results. Of all women with nonmedical opioid use, 11% reported only opioid use. Polysubstance use was highest in non-Hispanic White women and women with lower educational attainment. The most frequently used other substances among women using opioids nonmedically were cigarettes (56.2% smoked > 5 cigarettes per day), binge drinking (49.7%), and marijuana (32.4%). Polysubstance use was similarly prevalent among pregnant women with nonmedical opioid use. Conclusions. Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among US reproductive-aged women reporting nonmedical opioid use. Public Health Implications. Interventions are needed that address concurrent use of multiple substances. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Data move us closer to full equality by speaking for those who cannot: Advocating for LGBT older adults Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Durso, L.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1219-1220 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303915_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Toward a constructive public health agenda on race and police use of force Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gonzalez, J.M.R. Author-Name: Jetelina, K.K. Author-Name: Bishopp, S.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e22 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303871_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The opioid crisis and the need for compassion in pain management Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rothstein, M.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1253-1254 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303906_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Anestis et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Anestis, M.D. Author-Name: Anestis, J.C. Author-Name: Butterworth, S.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e27 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303891_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Princess Diana and reduced traffic deaths in France and the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Redelmeier, D.A. Author-Name: Bhatti, J.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1246-1248 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303880_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Chronic health conditions and key health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older US adults, 2013-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fredriksen-Goldsen, K.I. Author-Name: Kim, H.-J. Author-Name: Shui, C. Author-Name: Bryan, A.E.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1332-1338 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922 Abstract: Objectives. To examine disparities in chronic conditions and health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults aged 50 years or older in the United States. Methods.We used data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey to compare disparities in chronic conditions, health outcomes and behaviors, health care access, and preventive health care by sexual orientation and gender. Results. LGB older adults were significantly more likely than heterosexual older adults to have a weakened immune system and low back or neck pain. In addition, sexual minority older women were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to report having arthritis, asthma, a heart attack, a stroke, a higher number of chronic conditions, and poor general health. Sexual minority older men were more likely to report having angina pectoris or cancer. Rates of disability and mental distress were higher among LGB older adults. Conclusions. At substantial cost to society, many disparities in chronic conditions, disability, and mental distress observed in younger LGB adults persist, whereas others, such as cardiovascular disease risks, present in later life. Interventions are needed to maximize LGB health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fischer, B. Author-Name: Russell, C. Author-Name: Sabioni, P. Author-Name: van den Brink, W. Author-Name: Le Foll, B. Author-Name: Hall, W. Author-Name: Rehm, J. Author-Name: Room, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1277 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cannabis use is common in North America, especially among young people, and is associated with a risk of various acute and chronic adverse health outcomes. Cannabis control regimes are evolving, for example toward a national legalization policy in Canada, with the aim to improve public health, and thus require evidence-based interventions. As cannabis-related health outcomes may be influenced by behaviors that are modifiable by the user, evidence-based Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG)-akin to similar guidelines in other health fields-offer a valuable, targeted prevention tool to improve public health outcomes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818a_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Why i am opposed to the elimination of the sexual orientation question by the administration for community living Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greenlee, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1211-1212 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303916_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Spitzer et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Spitzer, S.A. Author-Name: Staudenmayer, K.L. Author-Name: Weiser, T.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303870_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oversampling in health surveys: Why, when, and how? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1214-1215 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303895_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: AJPH dossier on the erasure of the sexual orientation question from the national survey of older Americans act participants Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1203-1204 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303926_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Challenges and solutions to collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sell, R.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1212-1214 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303917_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Constant lethality of gunshot injuries from firearm assault: United States, 2003-2012 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cook, P.J. Author-Name: Rivera-Aguirre, A.E. Author-Name: Cerdá, M. Author-Name: Wintemute, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1324-1328 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the validity of the apparent downward trend in the national case-fatality rate for gunshot wounds from assault. Methods. We reanalyzed the estimated annual number of nonfatal firearm injuries the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported from 2003 to 2012. We adjusted the estimates for discontinuities created by the substitution of 1 hospital for another in the sample and for a downward trend in the percentage of gunshot injuries classified as "unknown circumstance." Firearm homicide data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Results. The unadjusted National Electronic Injury Surveillance System estimate increased by 49%, yielding a decline in the case-fatality rate from 25% to 18%. Our adjustments eliminated these trends; the case-fatality rate was 22% in both 2003 and 2012. Conclusions. With reasonable adjustments, the trend in nonfatal injuries from interpersonal firearms assault tracks the flat trend in firearms homicides, suggesting that there was no increase in firearms violence during this period. The case-fatality rate did not change, and trauma care improvements did not influence the firearms homicide trend. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the August 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1209-1210 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303920_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Underuse of chest radiography versus computed tomography for lung cancer screening Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Soneji, S. Author-Name: Dang, R. Author-Name: Yang, J.W. Author-Name: Tanner, N.T. Author-Name: Silvestri, G.A. Author-Name: Black, W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1248-1250 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303919_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Recording sexual orientation in the UK: Pooling data for statistical power Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Semlyen, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1215-1217 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303910_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Reasons for caution when emphasizing health disparities for sexual and gender minority adults in public health campaigns Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lee, J.G.L. Author-Name: Martin, R.J. Author-Name: Landrine, H. Author-Name: Matthews, D.D. Author-Name: Averett, P.E. Author-Name: Niederdeppe, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: 1223-1225 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303883_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: All models are wrong; Some are useful Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Remington, P.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 8 Pages: e28 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303892_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dissecting the complexities of the relationship between police Officer-Civilian race/ethnicity Dyads and less-than-lethal use of force Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jetelina, K.K. Author-Name: Jennings, W.G. Author-Name: Bishopp, S.A. Author-Name: Piquero, A.R. Author-Name: Reingle Gonzalez, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1164-1170 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807 Abstract: Objectives.To examine how sublethal use-of-force patterns vary across officer-civilian race/ethnicity while accounting for officer-, civilian-, and situational-level factors. Methods. We extracted cross-sectional data from 5630 use-of-force reports from the Dallas Police Department in 2014 and 2015. We categorized each officer-civilian interaction into race/ethnicity dyads.We used multilevel, mixed logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity dyads and the types of use of force. Results. Forty-eight percent of use-of-force interactions occurred between a White officer and a non-White civilian (White-non-White). In bivariate models, the odds of hard-empty hand control and intermediate weapon use were significantly higher among White-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. The bivariate odds of intermediate weapon use were also significantly higher among Black-Black, Hispanic-White, Black-Hispanic, and Hispanic-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. However, after we controlled for individual and situational factors, the relationship between race/ethnicity dyad and hard-empty hand control was no longer significant. Conclusions. Although we observed significant bivariate relationships between race/ethnicity dyads and use of force, these relationships largely dissipated after we controlled for other factors. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Racial/ethnic disparities at the end of an HIV epidemic: Persons who inject drugs in New York City, 2011-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Des Jarlais, D.C. Author-Name: Arasteh, K. Author-Name: McKnight, C. Author-Name: Feelemyer, J. Author-Name: Tross, S. Author-Name: Perlman, D. Author-Name: Friedman, S. Author-Name: Campbell, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1157-1163 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787 Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether racial/ethnic disparities persist at the "end of the HIV epidemic" (prevalence of untreated HIV infection < 5%; HIV incidence < 0.5 per 100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City. Methods.We recruited 2404 PWID entering New York City substance use treatment in 2001 to 2005 and 2011 to 2015. We conducted a structured interview, and testing for HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2; a biomarker for high sexual risk). We estimated incidence by using newly diagnosed cases of HIV. Disparity analyses compared HIV, untreated HIV, HIV-HSV-2 coinfection, HIV monoinfection, and estimated HIV incidence among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos. Results. By 2011 to 2015, Whites, African Americans, and Latino/as met both criteria of our operational "end-of-the-epidemic" definition. All comparisons that included HIV-HSV-2-coinfected persons had statistically significant higher rates of HIV among racial/ethnic minorities. No comparisons limited to HIV monoinfected persons were significant. Conclusions. "End-of-the-epidemic" criteria were met among White, African American, and Latino/a PWID in New York City, but elimination of disparities may require a greater focus on PWID with high sexual risk. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303787_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Inclusion of disability status in investigations of child maltreatment lifetime prevalence Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McNew, M.E. Author-Name: Garic, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: e5 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303856_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the July 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1030-1031 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303868_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Potential issues with naloxone distribution in the community Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Serdarevic, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303811_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact of the 2016 Ecuador earthquake on Zika virus cases Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vasquez, D. Author-Name: Palacio, A. Author-Name: Nuñez, J. Author-Name: Briones, W. Author-Name: Beier, J.C. Author-Name: Pareja, D.C. Author-Name: Tamariz, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1137-1142 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the April 2016 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Ecuador on the incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) cases. Methods. We used the national public health surveillance system for reportable transmissible conditions and included suspected and laboratory-confirmed ZIKV cases. Wecompared the number of cases before and after the earthquake in areas closer to and farther from the epicenter. Results. From January to July 2016, 2234 patients suspected of having ZIKV infection were reported in both affected and control areas. A total of 1110 patients had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, and 159 were positive for ZIKV. The cumulative incidence of ZIKV in the affected area was 11.1 per 100 000 after the earthquake. The odds ratio of having ZIKV infection in those living in the affected area was 8.0 (95% CI = 4.4, 14.6; P < .01) compared with the control area and adjusted for age, gender, province population, and number of government health care facilities. Conclusions. A spike in ZIKV cases occurred after the earthquake. Patients in the area closest to the epicenter had a delay in seeking care. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303769_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Risk analysis in the 21st century: Adapting to new challenges and opportunities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greenberg, M.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1020-1021 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303844_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Planned parenthood is health care, and health care must defend it: A call to action Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Silver, D. Author-Name: Kapadia, F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1040-1041 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303867_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What public health practitioners need to know about unhealthy industry tactics Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rob Moodie, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1047-1049 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303861_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Applewhite and Sherman respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Applewhite, D.P. Author-Name: Sherman, S.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: e1-e2 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303812_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: On the origins of the electronic cigarette: British American Tobacco's project ariel (1962-1967) Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Risi, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1060-1067 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806 Abstract: Electronic cigarettes are advertised as the latest technological gadget-the smoking equivalent of smart phones. I challenge this sense of novelty by tracing their history to the 1960s, when researchers at British American Tobacco first recognized that smokers' brains were dependent on nicotine. This discovery enabled British American Tobacco to develop a novel kind of smoking device under the codename "Ariel" between 1962 and 1967. Whereas filters were meant to eliminate specific harmful constituents of tobacco smoke, Project Ariel tried to reduce smoking to its alkaloid essence: nicotine. By heating instead of burning tobacco, the scientists working on Ariel managed to produce an aerosol smoking device that delivered nicotine with very little tar while retaining the look and feel of a cigarette. However, after receiving two patents for Ariel, British American Tobacco ultimately decided to abandon the project to avoid endangering cigarettes, its main product. Today, as ecigarettes are surging in popularity, it is worth revisiting Ariel because it is not just an episode in the history of aerosol smoking devices but its starting point. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303806_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Shelter-based opioid treatment: Increasing access to addiction treatment in a family shelter Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chatterjee, A. Author-Name: Obando, A. Author-Name: Strickland, E. Author-Name: Nestler, A. Author-Name: Harrington-Levey, R. Author-Name: Williams, T. Author-Name: LaCoursiere-Zucchero, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1092-1094 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303786_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trauma, psychopathology, and the refugee crisis: A call to action Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Seddio, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1044-1045 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303857_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 53 low-and middle-income countries Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Yang, L. Author-Name: Bovet, P. Author-Name: Liu, Y. Author-Name: Zhao, M. Author-Name: Ma, C. Author-Name: Liang, Y. Author-Name: Xi, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1095-1100 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762 Abstract: Objectives. To compare consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents in 53 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods. We used 2009 to 2013 Global School-based Student Health Survey data to assess 137 449 young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years with available data (via a standardized questionnaire) on frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption. Results. Overall, young adolescents reported having consumed carbonated soft drinks 1.39 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 1.51), and 54.3% of adolescents reported consuming a carbonated soft drink at least once per day. Frequency (times per day) varied greatly across countries, ranging from 0.52 (95% CI = 0.43, 0.60) in Kiribati to 2.39 (95% CI = 2.25, 2.53) in Suriname. Conclusions.Ourdata confirmthat consumption of carbonated soft drinks is frequentamong young adolescents in LMICs.Ourfindings highlight the need for interventions in these countries to reduce adolescents' carbonated soft drink consumption. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303762_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Minimum stocking requirements for retailers in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children: Disparities across US states Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pelletier, J.E. Author-Name: Schreiber, L.R.N. Author-Name: Laska, M.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1171-1174 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809 Abstract: Objectives. To examine state variation in minimum stocking requirements for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)-authorized small food retailers. Methods. We obtained minimum stocking requirements for 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2017 from WIC Web pages or e-mail from the state WIC agency. We developed a coding protocol to compare minimum quantities and varieties required for 12 food and beverage categories. We calculated the median, range, and interquartile range for each measure. Results. Nearly all states set minimum varieties and quantities of fruits and vegetables, 100% juice, whole grain-rich foods, breakfast cereal, milk, cheese, eggs, legumes, and peanut butter. Fewer states set requirements for canned fish, yogurt, and tofu. Most measures had a large range in minimum requirements (e.g., $8-$100 of fruits and vegetables, 60-144 oz of breakfast cereal). Conclusions. WIC-participating retailers must adhere to very different minimum stocking requirements across states, which may result in disparities in food and beverage products available to WIC recipients. Public Health Implications. The results provide benchmarks that can inform new local, state, and federal program and policy efforts to increase healthy food availability in retail settings. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303809_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Hosting Syrian refugees: Resources exist in our communities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bouhmam, H. Author-Name: Boothe, D. Author-Name: George, D.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1013 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303854_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effect of the affordable care act on disparities in breastfeeding: The case of Maine Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hawkins, S.S. Author-Name: Noble, A. Author-Name: Baum, C.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1119-1121 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the Affordable Care Act (ACA) breastfeeding provision and test whether changes in coverage affected women differently according to health insurance status. Methods. We used the All-Payer Claims Database from Maine (2012-2014) to compare health insurance claims for lactation classes and breast pumps between women with private insurance and women with Medicaid (1) before the ACA breastfeeding provision, (2) after the provision came into effect, and (3) after health insurance expansion through the Marketplace. Results. We found limited change in claims for lactation classes over the study period. By contrast, the number of claims for breast pumps among women with private insurance increased from 70 claims in the third quarter of 2012 to 629 claims 1 year later and 803 claims in the third quarter of 2014. Women with Medicaid had only 11 claims for breast pumps over the entire study period. Conclusions. This 11-fold rise in claims for breast pumps by women with private insurance suggests that these women will likely increase breastfeeding initiation or duration; however, without additional support for women with Medicaid, disparities in breastfeeding may increase. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303763_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Increasing walking in the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta international Airport: The walk to fly study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fulton, J.E. Author-Name: Frederick, G.M. Author-Name: Paul, P. Author-Name: Omura, J.D. Author-Name: Carlson, S.A. Author-Name: Dorn, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1143-1149 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766 Abstract: Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a point-of-decision intervention to prompt walking, versus motorized transport, in a large metropolitan airport. Methods. We installed point-of-decision prompt signage at 4 locations in the airport transportation mall at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (Atlanta, GA) at the connecting corridor between airport concourses. Six ceiling-mounted infrared sensors counted travelers entering and exiting the study location. We collected traveler counts from June 2013 to May 2016 when construction was present and absent (preintervention period: June 2013-September 2014; postintervention period: September 2014-May 2016).Weused a model that incorporated weekly walking variation to estimate the intervention effect on walking. Results. There was an 11.0% to 16.7% relative increase in walking in the absence of airport construction where 580 to 810 more travelers per day chose to walk. Through May 2016, travelers completed 390 000 additional walking trips. Conclusions. TheWalk to Fly study demonstrated a significant and sustained increase in the numberof airport travelers choosingtowalk.Providingsignageaboutoptions towalk in busy locations where reasonable walking options are available may improve population levelsofphysical activity andtherefore improvepublic health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303766_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Firearm-related laws in all 50 US States, 1991-2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Siegel, M. Author-Name: Pahn, M. Author-Name: Xuan, Z. Author-Name: Ross, C.S. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Kalesan, B. Author-Name: Fleegler, E. Author-Name: Goss, K.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1122-1129 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701 Abstract: Objectives. To describe a new database containing detailed annual information on firearm-related laws in place in each of the 50 US states from 1991 to 2016 and to summarize key trends in firearm-related laws during this time period. Methods. Using Thomson Reuters Westlaw data to access historical state statutes and session laws, we developed a database indicating the presence or absence of each of 133 provisions of firearm laws in each state over the 26-year period. These provisions covered 14 aspects of state policies, including regulation of the process by which firearm transfers take place, ammunition, firearm possession, firearm storage, firearm trafficking, and liability of firearm manufacturers. Results. An examination of trends in state firearm laws via this database revealed that although the number of laws nearly doubled during the study period, there was substantial heterogeneity across states, leading to a widening disparity in the number of firearm laws. Conclusions. This database can help advance firearm policy research by providing 26 years of comprehensive policy data that will allow longitudinal panel study designs that minimize the limitations present in many previous studies. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Use of a digital health application for influenza surveillance in China Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hswen, Y. Author-Name: Brownstein, J.S. Author-Name: Liu, J. Author-Name: Hawkins, J.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1130-1136 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767 Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether a commercial digital health application could support influenza surveillance in China. Methods. We retrieved data from the Thermia online and mobile educational tool, which allows parents to monitor their children's fever and infectious febrile illnesses including influenza. We modeled monthly aggregated influenza-like illness case counts from Thermia users over time and compared them against influenza monthly case counts obtained from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China by using time series regression analysis. We retrieved 44 999 observations from January 2014 through July 2016 from Thermia China. Results. Thermia appeared to predict influenza outbreaks 1 month earlier than the National Health and Family Planning Commission influenza surveillance system (P = .046). Being younger, not having up-to-date immunizations, and having an underlying health condition were associated with participant-reported influenza-like illness. Conclusions. Digital health applications could supplement traditional influenza surveillance systems in China by providing access to consumers' symptom reporting. Growing popularity and use of commercial digital health applications in China potentially affords opportunities to support disease detection and monitoring and rapid treatment mobilization. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303767_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in school-related victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths-Massachusetts, 1995-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Olsen, E.O. Author-Name: Vivolo-Kantor, A.M. Author-Name: Kann, L. Author-Name: Milligan, C.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1116-1118 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761 Abstract: Objectives. To compare changes over time in prevalence of school victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students compared with heterosexual students. Methods. We analyzed data from 11 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted among representative samples of students in grades 9 through 12 in Massachusetts during 1995 to 2015. Weused multivariable logistic regressionmodels to identify trends over time by sexual identity. Results. During 1995 to 2015, the prevalence of missing school decreased overall (from 5.6% to 4.8%) and among heterosexual (from 4.3% to 3.8%) and LGB (from 25.0%to 13.4%) students. The prevalence of having been threatened decreased overall (from 7.8% to 4.1%) and among heterosexual (from 6.5% to 3.5%) and LGB (from 32.9% to 6.7%) students. Conclusions.Weidentified evidence of a significant decrease in victimization among all students regardless of sexual identity and a steep decline among LGB students. Additional actions to improve school climate may help eliminate the disparities and decrease victimization for all youths. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303761_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health research priorities to address US human trafficking Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rothman, E.F. Author-Name: Stoklosa, H. Author-Name: Baldwin, S.B. Author-Name: Chisolm-Straker, M. Author-Name: Price, R.K. Author-Name: Atkinson, H.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1045-1047 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Soda consumption among adolescents: Implications for lowand middle-income countries Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Singh, G.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1025-1027 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303855_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An approach to assess the burden of work-related injury, disease, and distress Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Schulte, P.A. Author-Name: Pana-Cryan, R. Author-Name: Schnorr, T. Author-Name: Schill, A.L. Author-Name: Guerin, R. Author-Name: Felknor, S. Author-Name: Wagner, G.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1051-1057 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765 Abstract: The true burden (morbidity, mortality, disability, cost, pain, distress) of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries is unknown, and what is reported as burden is significantly underestimated. This underestimation affects the way decision-makers view investments in research and worker protection, which in turn has a substantial impact on national welfare and public health. To better describe the societal and individual burdens of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, we propose an approach to gaugewhat is known about burden and where new assessments may be made. This approach consists of 4 elements to consider in burden assessments: (1) utilizing multiple domains, including the individual worker, the worker's family, the community in which the workplace is located, the employer, and society as a whole; (2) taking a broader view of the workrelatedness of disease and injury; (3) assessing the impact of the entire working-life continuum; and (4) applying the comprehensive concept of "well-being" as an indicator in addressing contemporary changes in the nature of work, the workplace, and the workforce. Further research on burden and enhanced surveillance is needed to develop these elements. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluating public health interventions: 6. Modeling ratios or differences? let the data tell us Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Spiegelman, D. Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1087-1091 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810 Abstract: We provide an overview of the relative merits of ratio measures (relative risks, risk ratios, and rate ratios) compared with difference measures (risk and rate differences). We discuss evidence that the multiplicative model often fits the data well, so that rarely are interactions with other risk factors for the outcome observed when one uses a logistic, relative risk, or Cox regression model to estimate the intervention effect. As a consequence, additive models, which estimate the risk or rate difference, will often exhibit interactions. Under these circumstances, absolute measures of effect, such as years of life lost, disability-or quality-adjusted years of life lost, and number needed to treat, will not be externally generalizable to populations other than those with similar risk factor distributions as the population in which the intervention effect was estimated. Nevertheless, these absolute measures are often of the greatest importance in public health decision-making. When studies of high-risk study populations are used to more efficiently estimate effects, these populations will not be representative of the general population's risk factor distribution. The relative homogeneity of ratio versus absolute measures will thus have important implications for the generalizability of results across populations. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303810_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Educational disparities in adult disability: Person, place, policies, and family Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jagger, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1021-1022 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303859_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Guan and Li respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Guan, J. Author-Name: Li, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: e3-e4 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303830_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: "Alien" health care Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Caplan, A.L. Author-Name: Bateman-House, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1029-1030 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303850_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Physical activity and physical and mental well-being in church settings Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Van Der Weele, T.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1023-1024 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303843_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Violence against women and household ownership of radios, computers, and phones in 20 countries Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cardoso, L.F. Author-Name: Sorenson, S.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1175-1181 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808 Abstract: Objectives.To examine the relationship between household ownership of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and justifications for wife beating. Methods. Women aged 15 to 49 years in 20 countries were surveyed via UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys between 2006 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regressions accounted for individual-, household-, and structural-level variables. Results. Household ownership of any ICT (radio, computer, fixed phone, or mobile phone but not television) was associated with increased odds of women rejecting wife beating. The largest association was with computer ownership: women in homes with a computer were more likely to reject wife beating (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.81; 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69, 1.93). Number of ICTs was important: women in households with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ICTs (vs 0) were more likely to reject wife-beating justifications (AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.17]; AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.18]; AOR = 1.19 [97.5% CI = 1.11, 1.29]; AOR = 1.71 [97.5% CI = 1.54, 1.88]; and AOR = 2.85 [97.5% CI = 2.48, 3.26]; respectively). Conclusions. Independent of household wealth, country development, and other sociodemographic factors, the more ICTs in a household, the more likely that women will reject wife-beating justifications. Policymakers and program planners should consider potential implications of ICT access relatingto intimatepartner violence. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303808_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Injury mortality in autism Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fluegge, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: e3 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303829_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: US Hospital awards and community health improvement Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Poku, M.K. Author-Name: Blum, A.B. Author-Name: Sharfstein, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1076-1077 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303842_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Foodborne disease outbreaks in correctional institutions-United States, 1998-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marlow, M.A. Author-Name: Luna-Gierke, R.E. Author-Name: Griffin, P.M. Author-Name: Vieira, A.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1150-1156 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816 Abstract: Objectives. To present the first update on the epidemiology of US foodborne correctional institution outbreaks in 20 years. Methods. We analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System to describe correctional institution outbreaks from 1998 to 2014 and compare them with other foodborne outbreaks. Results.Two hundred foodborne outbreaks in correctional institutions were reported, resulting in 20 625 illnesses, 204 hospitalizations, and 5 deaths. Median number of outbreak-associated illnesses per 100 000 population per year was 45 (range = 11-141) compared with 7 (range = 4-10) for other outbreaks. These outbreaks accounted for 6% (20 625 of 358 330) of outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Thirty-seven states reported at least 1 outbreak in a correctional institution. Clostridium perfringens (28%; 36 of 128) was the most frequently reported single etiology. The most frequently reported contributing factor was food remaining at room temperature (37%; 28 of 76). Conclusions. Incarceratedpersons suffer adisproportionatenumberof outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Better food safety oversight and regulation in correctional food services could decrease outbreaks. Public Health Implications. Public health officials, correctional officials, and food suppliers can work together for food safety. Clearer jurisdiction over regulation of correctional food services is needed. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303816_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Chemical risk assessment: Traditional vs public health perspectives Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gwinn, M.R. Author-Name: Axelrad, D.A. Author-Name: Bahadori, T. Author-Name: Bussard, D. Author-Name: Cascio, W.E. Author-Name: Deener, K. Author-Name: Dix, D. Author-Name: Thomas, R.S. Author-Name: Kavlock, R.J. Author-Name: Burke, T.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1032-1039 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771 Abstract: Preventing adverse health effects of environmental chemical exposure is fundamental to protecting individual and public health. When done efficiently and properly, chemical risk assessment enables risk management actions that minimize the incidence and effects of environmentally induced diseases related to chemical exposure. However, traditional chemical risk assessment is faced with multiple challenges with respect to predicting and preventing disease in human populations, and epidemiological studies increasingly report observations of adverse health effects at exposure levels predicted from animal studies to be safe for humans. This discordance reinforces concerns about the adequacy of contemporary risk assessment practices for protecting public health. It is becoming clear that to protect public health more effectively, future risk assessments will need to use the full range of available data, draw on innovative methods to integrate diverse data streams, and consider health endpoints that also reflect the range of subtle effects and morbidities observed in human populations. Considering these factors, there is a need to reframe chemical risk assessment to be more clearly aligned with the public health goal of minimizing environmental exposures associated with disease. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303771_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The lead battery: A growing global public health challenge Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gottesfeld, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1049-1050 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303836_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fe en Acción: Promoting physical activity among churchgoing Latinas Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Arredondo, E.M. Author-Name: Elder, J.P. Author-Name: Haughton, J. Author-Name: Slymen, D.J. Author-Name: Sallis, J.F. Author-Name: Perez, L.G. Author-Name: Serrano, N. Author-Name: Parra, M.T. Author-Name: Valdivia, R. Author-Name: Ayala, G.X. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1109-1115 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a faith-based intervention to promote physical activity in Latinas. Methods. We randomized 16 churches in San Diego County, California, to a physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (n = 436). The intervention followed an ecological framework and involved promotoras.We examined 12-month intervention effects, including accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. We conducted the study from 2010 to 2016. Results. Mixed effects analyses showed significant increases in accelerometer-based MVPA (effect size = 0.25) and self-report leisure-time MVPA (effect size = 0.38) among Latinas in the intervention versus comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition had about 66% higher odds of meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, had reduced body mass index (effect size = 0.23), and used more behavioral strategies for engaging in physical activity (effect size = 0.42). Program attendance was associated with increased self-reported leisure-time MVPA and the number of motivational interviewing calls was associated with meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions. A faith-based intervention was effective in increasing MVPA and decreasing body mass index among participants. Process analyses showed the value of program attendance andmotivational interviewing calls. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303785_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Review of recent methodological developments in group-randomized trials: Part 2-analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Turner, E.L. Author-Name: Prague, M. Author-Name: Gallis, J.A. Author-Name: Li, F. Author-Name: Murray, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1078-1086 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707 Abstract: In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have updated that review with developments in analysis of the past 13 years, with a companion article to focus on developments in design. We discuss developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., methods for parallel-arm GRTs, individually randomized group-treatment trials, and missing data) and in new topics, including methods to account for multiple-level clustering and alternative estimation methods (e.g., augmented generalized estimating equations, targeted maximum likelihood, and quadratic inference functions). In addition, we describe developments in analysis of alternative group designs (including stepped-wedge GRTs, networkrandomized trials, and pseudocluster randomized trials), which require clustering to be accounted for in their design and analysis. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303707_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Increasing availability of prevention to communities disproportionately affected by HIV Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McCree, D.H. Author-Name: Purcell, D.W. Author-Name: Cleveland, J.C. Author-Name: Brooks, J.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1027-1028 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303764_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Donald trump, the police, and mental health in US cities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: DeVylder, J.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1042-1043 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303827_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fostering a public health of consequence: Practical skills and lessons learned Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greenberg, A.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1058-1059 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303828_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Firearm legislation and fatal police shootings in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kivisto, A.J. Author-Name: Ray, B. Author-Name: Phalen, P.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1068-1075 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770 Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether stricter firearm legislation is associated with rates of fatal police shootings. Methods. We used a cross-sectional, state-level design to evaluate the effect of state-level firearm legislation on rates of fatal police shootings from January 1, 2015, through October 31, 2016. We measured state-level variation in firearm laws with legislative scorecards from the Brady Center, and for fatal police shootings we used The Counted, an online database maintained by The Guardian. Results. State-level firearm legislation was significantly associated with lower rates of fatal police shootings (incidence rate ratio = 0.961; 95% confidence interval = 0.939, 0.984). When we controlled for sociodemographic factors, states in the top quartile of legislative strength had a 51% lower incidence rate than did states in the lowest quartile. Laws aimed at strengthening background checks, promoting safe storage, and reducing gun trafficking were associated with fewer fatal police shootings. Conclusions. Legislative restrictions on firearms are associated with reductions in fatal police shootings. Public Health Implications. Although further research is necessary to determine causality and potential mechanisms, firearm legislation is a potential policy solution for reducing fatal police shootings in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303770_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Disparities in disability by educational attainment across US states Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Montez, J.K. Author-Name: Zajacova, A. Author-Name: Hayward, M.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 7 Pages: 1101-1108 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768 Abstract: Objectives. To examine how disparities in adult disability by educational attainment vary across US states. Methods. We used the nationally representative data of more than 6 million adults aged 45 to 89 years in the 2010-2014 American Community Survey. We defined disability as difficulty with activities of daily living. We categorized education as low (less than high school), mid (high school or some college), or high (bachelor's or higher). We estimated age-standardized disability prevalence by educational attainment and state. We assessed whether the variation in disability across states occurs primarily among low-educated adults and whether it reflects the socioeconomic resources of low-educated adults and their surrounding contexts. Results. Disparities in disability by education vary markedly across states-from a 20 percentage point disparity in Massachusetts to a 12-point disparity in Wyoming. Disparities vary across states mainly because the prevalence of disability among loweducated adults varies across states. Personal and contextual socioeconomic resources of low-educated adults account for 29% of the variation. Conclusions. Efforts to reduce disparities in disability by education should consider state and local strategies that reduce poverty among low-educated adults and their surrounding contexts. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303768_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Restrictions of hepatitis C treatment for substance-using medicaid patients: Cost versus ethics Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Liao, J.M. Author-Name: Fischer, M.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 893-899 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748 Abstract: Medicaid programs provide health insurance coverage for many patients with hepatitis C, a public health problem for which effective but very expensive treatments are now available. Facing constrained budgets, most states adopted prior authorization criteria for sofosbuvir, the first of these agents. Using fee-for-service utilization data from 42 Medicaid programs in 2014, we found that strict behavioral criteria - those that limited coverage on the basis of drug or alcohol use and included specific abstinence or treatment requirements - were associated with significantly less spending on sofosbuvir. Despite the potential cost savings, such criteria raise troubling questions in terms of public health as well as medical ethics, clinical evidence, and potentially federal law. Decision-makers should reject these requirements in Medicaid coverage policy and pursue national and state policy strategies to balance short-term budgetary realities with longterm public health benefits. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303748_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effect of outreach messages on Medicaid Enrollment Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hom, J.K. Author-Name: Stillson, C. Author-Name: Grande, D. Author-Name: Rosin, R. Author-Name: Cahill, R. Author-Name: Kruger, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S71-S73 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845 Abstract: Objectives.To measure the impact of different outreach messages on health insurance enrollment among Medicaid-eligible adults. Methods. Between March 2015 and April 2016, we conducted a series of experiments using mail-based outreach that encouraged individuals to enroll in Pennsylvania's expanded Medicaid program. Recipients were randomized to receive 1 of 4 different messages describing the benefits of health insurance. The primary outcome was the response rate to each letter. Results. We mailed outreach letters to 32 993 adults in Philadelphia. Messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were significantly more likely to result in a response than messages emphasizing the health benefits (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.61). Conclusions. Medicaid enrollment outreach messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were more effective than those that emphasized the healthrelated benefits. Public Health Implications. Although the structure and eligibility of the Medicaid program are likely to change, testing and identifying successful outreach and enrollment strategies remains important. Outreach messages that emphasize dental benefits may be more effective at motivating enrollment among individuals of low socioeconomic status. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303845_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A typical day with mild cognitive impairment Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hailu, T. Author-Name: Cannuscio, C.C. Author-Name: Dupuis, R. Author-Name: Karlawish, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 927-928 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303752_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The 2014 Mid-Maryland mission of Mercy Dental Clinic: Building community capacity and complementing public policy Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Thomas, S.B. Author-Name: Passmore, S.R. Author-Name: Jackson, D.N. Author-Name: Casper, E. Author-Name: Horowitz, A.M. Author-Name: Nalls, J. Author-Name: Kleinman, D.V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S74-S76 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303702_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Humanitarian needs among displaced and female-headed households in government-controlled areas of Syria Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Doocy, S. Author-Name: Lyles, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 950-959 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710 Abstract: Objectives. To identify unmet needs and assistance priorities of displaced and female-headed households in government-controlled areas of Syria. Methods. In mid-2016, we undertook a survey of accessible areas, largely urban and government-controlled, to identify unmet needs and assistance priorities. We used a cluster design with probability sampling to attain a final sample of 2405 households from 10 of 14 governorates; 31 of 65 (47.7%) districts were included that are home to 38.1% of people in need. Results. Displaced and female-headed households were more vulnerable than nondisplaced and male-headed households in numerous sectors. Despite approximately half of surveyed households reporting receipt of humanitarian assistance in the preceding month and apparently effective targeting of assistance by vulnerability, unmet needs were nearly ubiquitous. Conclusions.The humanitarian situation in inaccessible areas of Syria is likely to be considerably worse; thus, findings presented here likely underestimate humanitarian needs. Efforts to expand support to Syria's most vulnerable households are desperately needed as are innovative targeting and modalities that enable more efficient and effective assistance. (AmJ Public Health. 2017;107:950-959. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303710_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Medicaid expansion and ACA repeal: Evidence from Ohio Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Seiber, E.E. Author-Name: Berman, M.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 889-892 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the health insurance coverage options for Medicaid expansion enrollees if the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is repealed, using evidence from Ohio, where more than half a million adults have enrolled in the state's Medicaid program through the ACA expansion. Methods. The Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey interviewed 42 000 households in 2015. We report data from a unique battery of questions designed to identify insurance coverage immediately prior to Medicaid enrollment. Results. Ninety-five percent of new Medicaid enrollees in Ohio did not have a private health insurance option immediately before enrollment. These new enrollees are predominantly older, low-income Whites with a high school education or less. Only 5% of new Medicaid enrollees were eligible for an employer-sponsored insurance plan to which they could potentially return in the case of repeal of the ACA. Conclusions. The vast majority of Medicaid expansion enrollees would have no plausible pathway to obtaining private-sector insurance if the ACA were repealed. Demographic similarities between the expansion population and 2016 exit polls suggest that coverage losses would fall disproportionately on members of the winning Republican coalition. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303722_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health and medicine integration: Overcoming historical artifact to relieve suffering Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Martin, S.A. Author-Name: Simon, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S30-S31 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303683_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Measures of local segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Krieger, N. Author-Name: Waterman, P.D. Author-Name: Batra, N. Author-Name: Murphy, J.S. Author-Name: Dooley, D.P. Author-Name: Shah, S.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 903-906 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the use of local measures of segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments. Methods. We analyzed preterm birth and premature mortality (death before the age of 65 years) rates for Boston, Massachusetts, for 2010 to 2012, using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and the poverty rate at both the census tract and neighborhood level. Results. For premature mortality at the census tract level, the rate ratios comparing the worst-off and best-off terciles were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.83) for the ICE for income, 1.66 (95% CI = 1.43, 1.93) for the ICE for race/ethnicity, and 1.63 (95% CI = 1.40, 1.90) for the ICE combining income and race/ethnicity, as compared with 1.47 (95% CI = 1.27, 1.71) for the poverty measure. Results for the ICE and poverty measures were more similar for preterm births than for premature mortality. Conclusions. The ICE, a measure of social spatial polarization, may be useful for analyzing health inequities at the local level. Public Health Implications. Local health departments in US cities can meaningfully use the ICE to monitor health inequities associated with racialized economic segregation. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303713_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Major gun death declines innewyork, California, and Texas Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Males, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e7 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303782_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Note from the Editor-in-Chief: Who Wants to Exclude Older LGBT Persons from Public Health Surveillance? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 844-845 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303851_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vanderweele and Koenig respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J. Author-Name: Koenig, H.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e1-e2 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303759_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Growing momentum for sugar-sweetened beverage campaigns and policies: Costs and considerations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Falbe, J. Author-Name: Madsen, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 835-838 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303805_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Review of recent methodological developments in group-randomized trials: Part 1 - Design Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Turner, E.L. Author-Name: Li, F. Author-Name: Gallis, J.A. Author-Name: Prague, M. Author-Name: Murray, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 907-915 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706 Abstract: In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have highlighted the developments of the past 13 years in design with a companion article to focus on developments in analysis. As a pair, these articles update the 2004 review. We have discussed developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., clustering, matching, and individually randomized group-treatment trials) and in new topics, including constrained randomization and a range of randomized designs that are alternatives to the standard parallel-arm GRT. These include the stepped-wedge GRT, the pseudocluster randomized trial, and the network-randomized GRT, which, like the parallel-arm GRT, require clustering to be accounted for in both their design and analysis. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303706_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The influence of college attendance on risk for marijuana initiation in the United States: 1977 to 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Miech, R.A. Author-Name: Patrick, M.E. Author-Name: O'Malley, P.M. Author-Name: Johnston, L.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 996-1002 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745 Abstract: Objectives. To examine a potential increase in marijuana initiation among US college students as compared with their age peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the United States. Methods. Data come from the Monitoring the Future study, which has followed longitudinal panels drawn from annual nationally representative, baseline samples of 12th-grade students starting with the class of 1976.We studied panel members aged 19 to 22 years who had never used marijuana by 12th grade between 1977 and 2015. Results. College as a risk factor for marijuana initiation has increased significantly since 2013. The increased probability of past-year marijuana use for those enrolled versus not enrolled in college was 51% in 2015, 41% in 2014, and 31% in 2013; it averaged 17% to 22% from 1977 to 2012 among youths who had never used marijuana by 12th grade. Conclusions. College has grown as a risk factor for marijuana initiation since 2013. Public Health Implications. College students are in position to usher in new increases in population marijuana use unless colleges soon address the issue with new or modified programs for marijuana prevention and intervention. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:996-1002. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303745_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: State preemption: A significant and quiet threat to public health in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pomeranz, J.L. Author-Name: Pertschuk, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 900-902 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756 Abstract: State and local governments traditionally protect the health and safety of their populations more strenuously than does the federal government. Preemption, when a higher level of government restricts or withdraws the authority of a lower level of government to act on a particular issue, was historically used as a point of negotiation in the legislative process. More recently, however, 3 new preemption-related issues have emerged that have direct implications for public health. First, multiple industries are working on a 50-state strategy to enact state laws preempting local regulation. Second, legislators supporting preemptive state legislation often do not support adopting meaningful state health protections and enact preemptive legislation to weaken protections or halt progress. Third, states have begun adopting enhanced punishments for localities and individual local officials for acting outside the confines of preemption. These actions have direct implications for health and cover such topics as increased minimum wages, paid family and sick leave, firearm safety, and nutrition policies. Stakeholders across public health fields and disciplines should join together in advocacy, action, research, and education to support and maintain local public health infrastructures and protections. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303756_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Using registered dental hygienists to Promote a School-Based Approach to Dental Public Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Simmer-Beck, M. Author-Name: Wellever, A. Author-Name: Kelly, P.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S56-S60 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662 Abstract: We examine a strategy for improving oral health in the United States by focusing on lowincome children in school-based settings. Vulnerable children often experience cultural, social, economic, structural, and geographic barriers when trying to access dental services in traditional dental office settings. These disparities have been discussed for more than a decade in multiple US Department of Health and Human Services publications. One solution is to revise dental practice acts to allow registered dental hygienists increased scope of services, expanded public health delivery opportunities, and decreased dentist supervision. We provide examples of how federallyqualifiedhealthcenters have implemented successful school-based dental models within the parameters of two state policies that allow registered dental hygienists varying levels of dentist supervision. Changes to dental practice acts at the state level allowing registered dental hygienists to practice with limited supervision in community settings, such as schools, may provide vulnerable populations greater access to screening andpreventive services. We derive our recommendations from expert opinion. (Am J Public Health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303662_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Getting the incentives right: Improving oral health equity with Universal School-Based Caries Prevention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Niederman, R. Author-Name: Huang, S.S. Author-Name: Trescher, A.-L. Author-Name: Listl, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S50-S55 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614 Abstract: Despite significant financial, training, and program investments, US children's caries experience and inequities continued to increase over the last 20 years. We posit that (1) dental insurance payment systems are not aligned with the current best evidence, exacerbating inequities, and (2) system redesign could meet health care's triple aim and reduce children's caries by 80%. On the basis of 2013 to 2016 Medicaid and private payment rates and the caries prevention literature, we find that effective preventive interventions are either (1) consistently compensated less than ineffective interventions or (2) not compensated at all. This economic and clinical misalignment may account for underuse of effective caries prevention and subsequent overuse of restorative care. We propose universal schoolbased comprehensive caries prevention to address this misalignment. Preliminary modeling suggests that universal caries prevention could eliminate 80% of children's caries and cost less than one fifth of current Medicaid children's oral health spending. If implemented with bundled payments based on cycle of care and measurable outcomes, therewould be an alignment of incentives, best evidence, care, and outcomes. Such a program wouldmeet the Healthy People Oral Health goals for children, as well as health care's triple aim. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303614_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing the Field of Public Health Surveillance and Survey Methods Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lau, D.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 822 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303799_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Improving access to oral health services among uninsured and underserved populations: First Health Dental Care Centers Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Harrell, S.N. Author-Name: Ro, M. Author-Name: Hartsock, L.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S48-S49 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303773_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dental-related use of hospital emergency departments by Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Serna, C.A. Author-Name: Arevalo, O. Author-Name: Tomar, S.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S88-S93 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746 Abstract: Objectives. To examine differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida in the dental-related use of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods. We used ambulatory ED discharge records from 2013 to 2015 to compute rates of EDvisits for dental complaints per 10 000 population, by region, age, gender, and the percentage distribution visits by primary payer, day of the week, and hour of arrival. Results. There were 64 100 ED visits for dental complaints by Hispanics and 425 162 by non-Hispanics. Medicaid was the most common primary payer for Hispanics (42.2%) and for non-Hispanics (38.1%). Rates of ED utilization for dental problems per 10 000 population were 45.5 for Hispanics and 95.2 for non-Hispanics. Conclusions. Rates of ED utilization for dental problems were different between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Public Health Implications. Effective interventions need to be developed in the context of a social-ecological model to better understand factors such as health, economics, and education, among others. Understanding and intervening with the individual, communities, and policy could help to modify behaviors and improve access to dental care. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303746_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dissemination and Implementation Research: From a Reporting Framework to Precision Medicine Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chambers, D.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 839-840 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303788_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health approach to hepatitis c in an urban setting Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Laraque, F. Author-Name: Varma, J.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 922-926 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718 Abstract: The clinical consequences of HCV infection are increasing because the population with the highest prevalence of the infection, persons born between 1945 and 1965, is aging. As a result, health care expenditures are expected to increase. Now that a cure for HCV infection is the norm, a public health approach is necessary to identify, link to care, and treat infected persons and prevent new infections. We believe that the success of public health interventions, such as those for tuberculosis, can be translated to HCV infection. New York City has many HCV-infected residents and has developed a public health approach to controlling the HCV epidemic. It encompasses surveillance and monitoring, case finding, linkage to care, care coordination, increasing clinical provider capacity for screening and treatment, increasing public awareness, and primary prevention. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303718_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Machine learning for social services: A study of prenatal case management in Illinois Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pan, I. Author-Name: Nolan, L.B. Author-Name: Brown, R.R. Author-Name: Khan, R. Author-Name: Van Der Boor, P. Author-Name: Harris, D.G. Author-Name: Ghani, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 938-944 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the positive predictive value of machine learning algorithms for early assessment of adverse birth risk among pregnant women as a means of improving the allocation of social services. Methods. We used administrative data for 6457 women collected by the Illinois Department of Human Services from July 2014 to May 2015 to develop a machine learning model for adverse birth prediction and improve upon the existing paper-based risk assessment. We compared different models and determined the strongest predictors of adverse birth outcomes using positive predictive value as the metric for selection. Results. Machine learning algorithms performed similarly, outperforming the current paper-based risk assessment by up to 36%; a refined paper-based assessment outperformed the current assessment by up to 22%.We estimate that these improvements will allow 100 to 170 additional high-risk pregnant women screened for program eligibility each year to receive services that would have otherwise been unobtainable. Conclusions. Our analysis exhibits the potential for machine learning to move government agencies toward a more data-informed approach to evaluating risk and providing social services. Overall, such efforts will improve the efficiency of allocating resource-intensive interventions. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303711_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in fighting and violence among adolescents in the United States, 2002-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Salas-Wright, C.P. Author-Name: Nelson, E.J. Author-Name: Vaughn, M.G. Author-Name: Gonzalez, J.M.R. Author-Name: Córdova, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 977-982 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743 Abstract: Objectives.To examine trends in and correlates of fighting and violence among youths from the 3 largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods. We derived race/ethnicity-specific prevalence estimates for fighting, group fighting, and attacks with intent to harm from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a population-based study of youths aged 12 to 17 years. Results. The prevalence of youth fighting and violence decreased significantly in all racial/ethnic groups over the study period (2002-2014), dropping from a high of 33.6% in 2003 to a low of 23.7% in 2014, reflecting a 29% decrease in the relative proportion of young people involved in these behaviors. However, there was also a clear severity gradient in which year-by-year point estimates for fighting and violence were consistently highest among non-Hispanic African American youths, followed by Hispanic and then non-Hispanic White youths. Conclusions. Although fighting and violence are on the decline among young people in general and across racial/ethnic subgroups, there is a stable pattern of disparities in youth involvement in these behaviors. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:977-982. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Indian country leads national movement to knock down barriers to oral health equity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cladoosby, B. Author-Name: Peters, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S81-S84 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663 Abstract: Tribal and other underserved communities are struggling under the weight of devastating oral health disparities. Tribes as sovereign nations are searching for innovative solutions to address their unique barriers to oral health care. Dental therapists are primary oral health providers who work as part of the dental team to provide a limited scope of services to patients. They were first brought to tribal communities by the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. Despite strong opposition from the American Dental Association aimed at protecting its monopoly on oral health care, dental therapists are sweeping the nation. Evidence shows that they are effective and provide highquality care, particularly in underserved communities. A community's ability to develop public health policy solutions tailored to its needs and priorities is essential in eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community is leading the way to more effective and efficient dental teams and working hard to lay the groundwork for the elimination of oral health disparities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303663_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Overview of Asian American data collection, release, and analysis: National health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2018 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Paulose-Ram, R. Author-Name: Burt, V. Author-Name: Broitman, L. Author-Name: Ahluwalia, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 916-921 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815 Abstract: Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children. Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample representative of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. NHANES includes in-home interviews, physical examinations, and biospecimen collection. About 5000 persons are examined annually. Since 2011, NHANES has been oversampling Asian Americans in addition to traditionally oversampled groups, including Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. Data Analysis/Dissemination. Data are publicly released online in 2-year cycles. Some data, because of disclosure risk, are only available through the Research Data Center. Data users should read documentation, examine sample sizes and response rates, and account for the complex survey design. With publicly released data, analyses of Asians as a single group is only possible; some Asian subgroup analyses may be conducted through the Research Data Center. Public Health Implications. Oversampling Asians in NHANES 2011-2018 allows national estimates to be computed on health conditions, nutrition, and risk factors of public health importance on this growing subpopulation of Asian Americans. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Public Health of Consequence: Review of the June 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 841-842 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303796_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tempels et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tempels, T. Author-Name: Verweij, M. Author-Name: Blok, V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e5-e6 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303775_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The monetary cost of sexual assault to privately insured US women in 2013 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tennessee, A.M. Author-Name: Bradham, T.S. Author-Name: White, B.M. Author-Name: Simpson, K.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 983-988 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742 Abstract: Objectives.To determine whether privately insured female rape victims were billed for charges associated with a specific rape in the United States. Methods. We examined 2013 de-identified patient data from Truven Analytics Health MarketScan database for an assault that occurred by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code E960.1. Results. Analysis of insurance providers' payment patterns for 1355 incident events to female victims aged between 16 and 61 years revealed that victims remit, on average, 14% or $948 of the rape cost, whereas insurance providers pay 86% or $5789 of the total cost. Conclusions. Hospital billing procedures for privately insured victims of rape across the United States are not separate from billing procedures for privately insured nonrape patients. This standardized procedure leads hospitals to bill victims directly for services not paid under the victims' insurance policy. Public Health Implications. The Violence Against Women Act (passed in 1994, reauthorized in 2000, 2005, and 2013) must be amended to mandate that all costs incurred because of rape are not passed on to the victim. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:983-988. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303742_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Revisiting oral health in America: A report of the surgeon general Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Satcher, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S32-S33 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303687_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dental homes for Older Americans: The santa fe group call for removal of the dental exclusion in Medicare Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chávez, E.M. Author-Name: Dugoni, A.A. Author-Name: Calvo, J.M. Author-Name: Jones, J.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S41-S43 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303864_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Barriers to engaging transgender women in HIV observational research Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ayala, D.V. Author-Name: Ibañes, G.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e9 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303776_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Health Surveillance for Communicable Diseases: From Rigid and Static to Flexible and Innovative Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Heymann, D.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 845-846 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303795_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: US state statutes banning powdered alcohol: Exceptions and penalties Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Garcia, A.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 880-882 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720 Abstract: To examine state statutes banning powdered alcohol, we identified relevant statutes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia through a search (initial search March 2016; follow-up search November 2016) using the legal research database LexisNexis. To identify the laws, we used the following search terms: "concentrated alcohol, " "crystalline alcohol, " "granulated alcohol, " "palcohol, "and"powderedalcohol." As of November 2016, 31 states had statutory bans on powdered alcohol. Statutes in 22 states outline penalties for violating the state's ban on powdered alcohol. Five states include suspension and revocation of alcohol beverage licenses and permits among the penalties. Thirteen states provide exceptions to their ban-on-powdered alcohol forbona fide scientific research. Twelve states have exceptions for powdered alcohol designed for commercial use or not intended for human consumption. With concerns expressed that powdered alcohol may lead to greater alcohol consumption, particularly among minors, the majority of state legislatures have demonstrated their willingness to restrict access to novel alcohol products to protect the public's health. However, the effectiveness of these laws should be evaluated if the product does become available. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303720_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Addressing Zika in the United States: Polarization, Fragmentation, and Public Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greer, S.L. Author-Name: Singer, P.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 861-862 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303772_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: AJPH letters and responses Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Idler, E. Author-Name: Oman, D. Author-Name: Kiser, M. Author-Name: Hogue, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303758_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health: Basic tenets for a healthy, productive life Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sullivan, L.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S39-S40 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303958_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effect of legislation on indoor tanning prevalence in Alabama Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Blashill, A.J. Author-Name: Pagoto, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 966-968 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716 Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in indoor tanning prevalence among Alabama high school students the year before and after its 2014 legal restrictions compared with Florida, which had more lenient legislation. Methods. We analyzed the Alabama and Florida 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 14 389; population = 1 864 241) by gender, age, year (2013, 2015), state (Alabama, Florida), and year-by-state interactions. Results. Prevalence of indoor tanning was higher among Alabama youths, but the difference did not significantly change after the law was passed in Alabama (betweenstate change differences ranged from a 3.3% increase among 14-year-old Alabama girls to a 9.7% decrease among 14-year-old Alabama boys). Conclusions. We found no significant changes in indoor tanning among adolescents since the enactment of Alabama's tanning restrictions in 2014. More oversight and monitoring are needed to ensure that indoor tanning facilities are compliant with emerging laws. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:966-968. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303716_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Innovations in population health surveillance: Using electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Perlman, S.E. Author-Name: McVeigh, K.H. Author-Name: Thorpe, L.E. Author-Name: Jacobson, L. Author-Name: Greene, C.M. Author-Name: Gwynn, R.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 853-857 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813 Abstract: With 87% of providers using electronic health records (EHRs) in the United States, EHRs have the potential to contribute to population health surveillance efforts. However, little is known about using EHR data outside syndromic surveillance and quality improvement. We created an EHR-based population health surveillance system called the New York City (NYC) Macroscope and assessed the validity of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, and influenza vaccination indicators. The NYC Macroscope uses aggregate data from a network of outpatient practices. We compared 2013 NYC Macroscope prevalence estimates with those from a population-based, in-person examination survey, the 2013-2014 NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NYC Macroscope diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity prevalence indicators performed well, but depression and influenza vaccination estimates were substantially lower than were survey estimates. Ongoing validation will be important to monitor changes in validity over time as EHR networks mature and to assess new indicators. We discuss NYC's experience and how this project fits into the national context. Sharing lessons learned can help achieve the full potential of EHRs for population health surveillance. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303813_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Toward a Comprehensive Policy to Reduce Disparities in Youth Violence Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Herrenkoh, T.I. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 829-830 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303789_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: More research is needed to understand the trans ommunity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marshall, S.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e10 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303723_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Value of State-Based Surveillance and Surveys in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ferketich, A.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 850-852 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303800_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Isolationist Policies Threaten Public Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Coughlin, C.N. Author-Name: Messenlehner, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 860-861 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303779_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How California prepared for implementation of physician-assisted death: A primer Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Petrillo, L.A. Author-Name: Dzeng, E. Author-Name: Harrison, K.L. Author-Name: Forbes, L. Author-Name: Scribner, B. Author-Name: Koenig, B.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 883-888 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755 Abstract: Physician-assisted death is now legal in California, and similar laws are being considered in many other states. The California law includes safeguards, yet health care providers will face practical and ethical issues while implementing physician-assisted death that are not addressed by the law. To help providers and health care facilities in California prepare to provide optimal care to patients who inquire about physician-assisted death, we brought together experts from California, Oregon, and Washington. We convened a conference of 112 stakeholders in December 2015, and herein present their recommendations. Themes of recommendations regarding implementation include (1) institutions should develop and revise physician-assisted death policies; (2) legal physician-assisted death will have implications for California's culturally and socio economically diverse population, and for patients from vulnerable groups; (3) conscientious objection and moral distress for health care providers must be considered; and (4) palliative care is essential to the response to the law. The expert conference participants' insights are a valuable guide, both for providers and health care facilities in California planning or revising their response, and for other jurisdictions where physician-assisted death laws are being considered or implemented. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303755_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Zika's Long Haul: Tackling the Causes of Human Vulnerability to Mosquito-Borne Viruses Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rodrigues, L.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 831-833 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303792_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Air Mattresses Are Not Appropriate Sleep Spaces for Infants Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Moon, R.Y. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 838-839 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303727_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Racial/ethnic minority older adults' perspectives on proposed Medicaid reforms' effects on dental care access Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Northridge, M.E. Author-Name: Greenblatt, A.P. Author-Name: Estrada, I. Author-Name: Kunzel, C. Author-Name: Schrimshaw, E.W. Author-Name: Metcalf, S.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S65-S70 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640 Abstract: To examine how proposed Medicaid reform plans are experienced by racial/ethnic minority older adults and what the implications are for their ability to access dental care through Medicaid, from 2013 to 2015 we conducted focus groups in northern Manhattan, New York, New York, among African American, Dominican, and Puerto Rican adults aged 50 years and older. Participants reported problemswith affording copayments for care, complicated health and social issues, the need for vision and dental care close to home, and confusion about and stigmatization with Medicaid coverage. Federal, state, and local public health agencies can help by clarifying and simplifying Medicaid plans and sustaining benefits that older adults need to live healthy and dignified lives. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303640_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dental therapy education in Minnesota Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Self, K. Author-Name: Brickle, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S77-S80 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303751_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health inequities: An AJPH supplement to help close the gap Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Borrell, L.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S6-S7 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303959_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The dental health aide therapist program in Alaska: An example for the 21st century Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lenaker, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S24-S25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Framing mechanisms linking HIV-related stigma, adherence to treatment, and health outcomes Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Turan, B. Author-Name: Hatcher, A.M. Author-Name: Weiser, S.D. Author-Name: Johnson, M.O. Author-Name: Rice, W.S. Author-Name: Turan, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 863-869 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744 Abstract: We present a conceptual framework that highlights how unique dimensions of individual-level HIV-related stigma (perceived community stigma, experienced stigma, internalized stigma, and anticipated stigma) might differently affect the health of those living with HIV. HIV-related stigma is recognized as a barrier to both HIV prevention and engagement in HIV care, but little is known about the mechanisms through which stigma leads to worse health behaviors or outcomes. Our conceptual framework posits that, in the context of intersectional and structural stigmas, individual-level dimensions of HIV-related stigma operate through interpersonal factors, mental health, psychological resources, and biological stress pathways. A conceptual framework that encompasses recent advances in stigma science can inform future research and interventions aiming to address stigma as a driver of HIV-related health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The dental professional Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Batliner, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303780_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Religion and public health curriculum Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shapiro, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e3 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303790_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Expanding the dental workforce to improve access and reduce disparities in oral health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Potter, W.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S26-S27 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303832_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evolution of Public Health Surveillance: Status and Recommendations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Burkom, H.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 848-850 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303801_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Aetna-NDA partnership for achieving racial and ethnic health equity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Harper, H.J. Author-Name: Conicella, M.L. Author-Name: Cranston, N.C. Author-Name: Edmonds, J.C. Author-Name: Matthews, C.O. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S10-S11 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303944_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Zika Virus outbreak in Brazil: Knowledge gaps and challenges for risk reduction Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Osorio-De-Castro, C.G.S. Author-Name: Miranda, E.S. Author-Name: De Freitas, C.M. Author-Name: De Camargo, K.R., Jr. Author-Name: Cranmer, H.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 960-965 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705 Abstract: We analyzed uncertainties and complexities of the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, andwediscuss risk reduction for future emergencies. We present the public health situation in Brazil and concurrent determinants of the epidemic and the knowledge gaps that persist despite building evidence from research, making public health decisions difficult. Brazil has adopted active measures, but producingdesired outcomes may be uncertain because of partial or unavailable information. Reducingpopulation group vulnerabilities and acting on environmental issues are medium- to long-term measures. Simultaneously dealing with information gaps, uncontrolled disease spread, and vulnerabilities is a new risk scenarioand must be approached decisively to face emerging biothreats. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:960-965. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303705_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Small-group randomized controlled trial to increase condom use and HIV testing among hispanic/latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rhodes, S.D. Author-Name: Alonzo, J. Author-Name: Mann, L. Author-Name: Song, E.Y. Author-Name: Tanner, A.E. Author-Name: Arellano, J.E. Author-Name: Rodriguez-Celedon, R. Author-Name: Garcia, M. Author-Name: Freeman, A. Author-Name: Reboussin, B.A. Author-Name: Painter, T.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 969-976 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the HOLA en Grupos intervention, a Spanish-language smallgroup behavioral HIV prevention intervention designed to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Methods. In 2012 to 2015, we recruited and randomized 304 Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, aged 18 to 55 years in North Carolina, to the 4-session HOLA en Grupos intervention or an attention-equivalent general health education comparison intervention. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Follow-up retention was 100%. Results. At follow-up, relative to comparison participants, HOLA en Grupos participants reported increased consistent condom use during the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 7.9; P < .001) and HIV testing during the past 6 months (AOR = 13.8; 95% CI = 7.6, 25.3; P < .001). HOLA en Grupos participants also reported increased knowledge of HIV (P < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (P < .001); condom use skills (P < .001), self-efficacy (P < .001), expectancies (P < .001), and intentions (P < .001); sexual communication skills (P < .01); and decreased fatalism (P < .001). Conclusions. The HOLA en Grupos intervention is efficacious for reducing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic/Latinomen who have sex withmen. (AmJ Public Health. 2017;107:969-976. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303814_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How dental therapists can address the social and racial disparities in access to care Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Yee, A.K. Author-Name: McGlaston, K. Author-Name: Restuccia, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S28-S29 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303641_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Scientific document review at the centers for disease control and prevention: The CLEAR approach Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Iskander, J.K. Author-Name: Calugar, A. Author-Name: Peavy, R.D. Author-Name: Sowell, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 858-859 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303778_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health and aging Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Raphael, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S44-S45 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303835_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A workforce strategy for reducing oral health disparities: Dental therapists Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Koppelman, J. Author-Name: Singer-Cohen, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S13-S17 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747 Abstract: This article seeks to chronicle how dental therapists are being used to bolster the supply of providers for the underserved and explore their potential to diversify the field of dentistry and improve public health. Of the factors that contribute to persistent oral health disparities in the United States, an insufficient oral health workforce figures prominently. A growing number of states are authorizing amidlevel dental provider (often called a dental therapist) to address this problem. Dental therapists work under the supervision of dentists to deliver routine preventive and restorative care, including preparing and filling cavities and performing extractions. They can serve all populations in 3 states, are caring for Native Americans in an additional 3 states under federal or state authority, and are being considered in about a dozen state houses. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The oral health needs of the incarcerated population: Steps toward equal access Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Makrides, N.S. Author-Name: Shulman, J.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S46-S47 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303593_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ying et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ying, J. Author-Name: Rosenthal, J.E. Author-Name: Park, A. Author-Name: Madanat, H.N. Author-Name: Liller, K.D. Author-Name: Hennig, N. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Formica, M.K. Author-Name: Flescher, A. Author-Name: Branas, C.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e7-e8 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303783_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mass media campaign to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in a rural area of the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Farley, T.A. Author-Name: Halper, H.S. Author-Name: Carlin, A.M. Author-Name: Emmerson, K.M. Author-Name: Foster, K.N. Author-Name: Fertig, A.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 989-995 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate a mass media campaign to reduce the consumption of sugarsweetened beverages (SSBs). Methods. We disseminated messages emphasizing the health risks of SSBs through television, digital channels, and local organizations over 15 weeks in 2015-2016 in the Tri-Cities region of northeast Tennessee, southwest Virginia, and southeast Kentucky. Weevaluated the campaign with pre- and post-telephone surveys of adults aged 18 to 45 years in the intervention area and by examining changes in beverage sales in the intervention and a matched comparison area in western Virginia. Results. Fifty-four percent of postcampaign respondents recalled seeing a campaign advertisement. After the campaign, 53% of respondents believed SSBs were a cause of heart disease, and respondents were more likely postcampaign to consider SSBs a "big cause of diabetes" (75% vs 60%; P < .001). Compared with 12 months before, after the start of the campaign, SSB sales decreased 3.4%, including a 4.1% decrease in soda sales in the intervention area relative to the comparison area (P < .01). Conclusions. This brief media campaign on SSBs was followed by intended changes in beliefs and consumption. Public Health Implications. Additional media campaigns on SSBs should be attempted and evaluated. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:989-995. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303750_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Safe sex in the 1970s: Community practitioners on the Eve of AIDS Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Blair, T.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 872-879 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704 Abstract: In the 1970s, groups of gay and gay-allied health professionals began to formulate guidelines for safer sexual activity, several years before HIV/AIDS. Through such organizations as the National Coalition of Gay Sexually Transmitted Disease Services, Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights, and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, these practitioners developed materials that would define sexual health education for the next four decades, as well as such concepts as "bodily fluids" and the "safe sex hanky." To do so, they used their dual membership in the community and the health professions. Although the dichotomy between the gay community and the medical establishment helped define the early history of HIV/AIDS, the creative work of these socially "amphibious" activists played an equally important part. Amid current debates over preexposure prophylaxis against HIV and Zika virus transmission, lessons for sexual health include the importance of messaging, the difficulty of behavioral change, and the vitality of community-driven strategies to mitigate risk. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303704_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The nation's oral health inequities: Who cares Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Treadwell, H.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S5 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303957_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Surveillance as Our Sextant Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Thorpe, L.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 847-848 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303803_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dental student-delivered care at a student-faculty collaborative clinic in a correctional facility Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Simon, L. Author-Name: Sue, K. Author-Name: Williams, R. Author-Name: Tobey, M. Author-Name: Cohen, M. Author-Name: Beckmann, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S85-S87 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Determinants of Health: Building Wide Coalitions Around Well-Honed Messages Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fielding, J.E. Author-Name: Teutsch, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 870-871 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303794_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dental therapy: Communities lead the way for improved oral health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tabron, L.J.M. Author-Name: Linnane, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S8-S9 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303960_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Contraindications and alternatives to nuanced corporate responsibility Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wiist, W.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e5 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303774_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: I Have Randomized by Clinic; Now What? Four Decades after Cornfield Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 830-831 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303784_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Accountable care organizations and oral health accountability Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Mayberry, M.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S61-S64 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833 Abstract: Accountable care organizations agree to be accountable for the cost and outcomes of an attributed population. However, in many, no provisions have been made to account for oral health. There are several social, medical, and financial implications for health care provider and payer systems and health careoutcomeswhenoral health is not accounted for in patient management. How can an organization strive to improve population health without including the oral health system? Total systemic health for a population must include oral health. Accountable care organizations are positioned to change the course of oral health in the United States and close the disparities that exist among vulnerable populations, including seniors. Such efforts will reduce health care costs. Opportunities abound to expand points of entry into the health care system via dental or medical care. Closing the great divide between 2 historically isolated professions will position the United States to make gains in true population health. I provide evidence of the need to mandate access to oral health care services for all Americans-specifically adults, because legislation currently exists for pediatric dental coverage. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303833_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health disparities and inequities in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Le, H. Author-Name: Hirota, S. Author-Name: Liou, J. Author-Name: Sitlin, T. Author-Name: Le, C. Author-Name: Quach, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S34-S35 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303838_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Addressing oral health disparities via educational foci on cultural competence Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Behar-Horenstein, L.S. Author-Name: Warren, R.C. Author-Name: Dodd, V.J. Author-Name: Catalanotto, F.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S18-S23 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721 Abstract: An ever-present challenge for the oral health profession is to reduce the extent of oral disease among racial and ethnic minority populations. Adding to this complex dilemma is the linkage between oral health and systemic health. We describe enhanced cultural competency, in the context of individual cultural beliefs, values, language, practice, and health behaviors, among dental professionals, as one approach to meeting the dental care needs of the underserved. An overview and examples of teaching methods used by University of Florida dental educators to enhance student cultural competency is provided. Evidence-based evaluation results provide evidence of methodology efficacy. We conclude by describing actions that can be implemented by academic dental institutions to facilitate development of culturally competent practitioners. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The interface among poverty, air mattress industry trends, policy, and infant safety Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Doering, J.J. Author-Name: Ward, T.C.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 945-949 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709 Abstract: Infants can suffocate on air mattresses, even when the mattress is fully inflated. The interfacing issues of poverty, the bedbug epidemic, and changes in the design and marketing of air mattresses may be increasing consumer use of air mattresses as primary sleep environments and thus increasing the potential for infant death. Despite recent changes to improve air mattress safety labeling, the National Child Death Review Case Reporting System found that between 2004 and 2015 across 24 states, an air mattress was the incident sleep place for 108 infants whose deaths were either during sleep or in a sleep environment. At thesame time, design components such as inflatable headboards and memory foampillowtopspotentially increase the hazard to infants, and marketing changes represent air mattresses as a preferred low-cost primary sleep environment. Analysis of current data surveillance systems, published position statements, and consumer materials from national organizations and federal agencies reveal opportunities for changing policy to better protect infants from this hazard. (Am J Public Health. 2017; 107:945-949. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303709_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health disparities: A perspective from the national institute of dental and craniofacial research Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fischer, D.J. Author-Name: O'Hayre, M. Author-Name: Kusiak, J.W. Author-Name: Somerman, M.J. Author-Name: Hill, C.V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S36-S38 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Improving Public Health Surveillance about Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chin, K.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 827-828 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303802_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: LGBTQ Health Surveillance: Data = Power Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sell, R.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 843-844 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303798_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effectiveness on early childhood caries of an oral health promotion program for medical providers Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Braun, P.A. Author-Name: Widmer-Racich, K. Author-Name: Sevick, C. Author-Name: Starzyk, E.J. Author-Name: Mauritson, K. Author-Name: Hambidge, S.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S97-S103 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817 Abstract: Objectives. To assess an oral health promotion (OHP) intervention for medical providers' impact on early childhood caries (ECC). Methods. We implemented a quasiexperimental OHP intervention in 8 federally qualified health centers that trained medical providers on ECC risk assessment, oral examination and instruction, dental referral, and fluoride varnish applications (FVAs).We measured OHP delivery by FVA count at medical visits. We measured the intervention's impact on ECC in 3 unique cohorts of children aged 3 to 4 years in 2009 (preintervention; n = 202), 2011 (midintervention; n = 420), and 2015 (≥ 4 FVAs; n = 153). We compared numbers of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces using adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial models. Results. Across 3 unique cohorts, the FVA mean (range) count was 0.0 (0), 1.1 (0-7), and 4.5 (4-7) in 2009, 2011, and 2015, respectively. In adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial models analyses, children in the 2015 cohort had significantly fewer decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces than did children in previous cohorts. Conclusions. AnOHPintervention targetingmedical providers reducedECCwhenchildren received 4 ormore FVAs at a medical visit by age 3 years. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: US public opinion on carrying firearms in public places Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wolfson, J.A. Author-Name: Teret, S.P. Author-Name: Azrael, D. Author-Name: Miller, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 929-937 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate US public opinion, overall and by gun ownership status, about the public places where legal gun owners should be allowed to carry firearms. Methods. We fielded an online survey among 3949 adults, including an oversample of gun owners and veterans, in April 2015. We used cross-tabulations with survey weights to generate nationally representative estimates. Results. Fewer than 1 in 3 US adults supported gun carrying in any of the specified venues. Support for carrying in public was consistently higher among gun owners than among non-gun owners. Overall, support for carrying in public was lowest for schools (19%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.7, 21.1), bars (18%; 95% CI = 15.9, 20.6), and sports stadiums (17%; 95% CI = 15.0, 19.5). Conclusions. Most Americans, including most gun owners, support restricting public places legal gun owners can carry firearms. These views contrast sharply with the current trend in state legislatures of expanding where, how, and by whom guns can be carried in public. Recent state laws and proposed federal legislation that would force states to honor out-of-state concealed carry permits are out of step with American public opinion. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303712_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vanderweele and Koenig respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: VanderWeele, T.J. Author-Name: Koenig, H.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: e3-e4 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303791_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Changing Demographics of Marijuana Initiation: Bad News or Good? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Grucza, R.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 833-834 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303804_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health for diverse Asian American Subgroups in New York City Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jung, M. Author-Name: Kwon, S.C. Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C. Author-Name: Yi, S.S. Author-Name: Edens, N. Author-Name: Northridge, M.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S94-S96 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661 Abstract: Objectives. To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. Methods. We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and selfrated oral health. Results. Failure to receive an annual oral health examination was common in this sample (41.5%) and was more frequent for participants who were younger and male and those who had poorer English fluency and lower educational attainment. Not having dental insurance versus having private dental insurance resulted in 2 to 3 times the odds of nonreceipt of oral health care and poor self-rated oral health. Conclusions. Nonreceipt of annual oral health examinations and poor self-rated oral health were common across Asian American subgroups. Facilitating dental insurance sign-up and providing in-language services may improve oral health care access and ultimately oral health among Asian American immigrants. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oral health intervention for low-income African American Men in Atlanta, Georgia Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hoffman, L.M. Author-Name: Rollins, L. Author-Name: Akintobi, T.H. Author-Name: Erwin, K. Author-Name: Hernandez, N. Author-Name: Lewis, K. Author-Name: Miller, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: Pages: S104-S110 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760 Abstract: Objectives. To describe the Minority Men's Oral Health Dental Access Program (MOHDAP) intervention and report participants' outcomes and satisfaction. Methods. MOHDAP was designed to increase the oral health knowledge of lowincome, African American men in Atlanta, GA, in 2013. A community-based participatory approach and needs assessment guided the intervention development, which consisted of 3 educational modules delivered over a 2-day period. All participants (n = 45; mean age = 50 years) were African American men. We assessed changes in oral health knowledge and attitudes at baseline and postintervention via survey. Results. After the intervention, the percentage of correct responses to questions about gingivitis increased by 24.2% (P = .01), about use of a hard (instead of a soft) toothbrush increased by 42.2% (P < .01), and knowledge of ways to prevent gumdiseases increased by 16.0% (P = .03). The percentage agreeing with erroneous statements decreased 11.3% (P = .02) regarding oral health-related fatalism and oral health self-care and 17.4% (P = .05) regarding saving front versus back teeth. Conclusions. Community-based oral health educational interventions designed for African American men may reduce oral health disparities among this population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303760_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ethical implications of missing gun violence data Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bachynski, K.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e5 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303736_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Scaling up a water, sanitation, and hygiene program in rural Bangladesh: The role of program implementation Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Benjamin-Chung, J. Author-Name: Sultana, S. Author-Name: Halder, A.K. Author-Name: Ahsan, M.A. Author-Name: Arnold, B.F. Author-Name: Hubbard, A.E. Author-Name: Unicomb, L. Author-Name: Luby, S.P. Author-Name: Colford, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 694-701 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether the quality of implementation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene program called SHEWA-B and delivered by UNICEF to 20 million people in rural Bangladesh was associated with health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access. Methods. We surveyed 33 027 households targeted by SHEWA-B and 1110 SHEWA-B hygiene promoters in 2011 and 2012. We developed an implementation quality index and compared the probability of health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access in counterfactual scenarios over the range of implementation quality. Results. Forty-seven percent of households (n = 14 622) had met a SHEWA-B hygiene promoter, and 47% of hygiene promoters (n = 527) could recall all key program messages. The frequency of hygiene promoter visits was not associated with improved outcomes. Higher implementation quality was not associated with better health behaviors or infrastructure access. Outcomes differed by only 1% to 3% in scenarios in which all clusters received low versus high implementation quality. Conclusions. SHEWA-B did not meet UNICEF's ideal implementation quality in any area. Improved implementation quality would have resulted in marginal changes in health behaviors or infrastructure access. This suggests that SHEWA-B's design was suboptimal for improving these outcomes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303686_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Methadone misinformation and misconceptions Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brown, L.S. Author-Name: Kritz, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e4 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303717_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The service i rendered was just as true: African American soldiers and veterans as activist patients Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Adler, J.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 675-683 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688 Abstract: In this article, I examine how African American soldiers and veterans experienced and shaped federally sponsored health care during and after World War I. Building on studies of the struggles of Black leaders and health care providers to win professional and public health advancement in the 1920s and 1930s, and of advocates to mobilize for health care rights in the mid-20th century, I focus primarily on the experiences and activism of patients in the interwar years. Private and government correspondence, congressional testimony, and reports from Black newspapers reveal that African American soldiers and veterans communicated directly with policymakers and bureaucrats regarding unequal treatment, assuming roles as "policy actors" who viewed health and medical care as "politics by other means." In the process, they drew attention to the paradoxes inherent in expanding government entitlements in the era of Jim Crow, and helped shape a veterans' health system that emerged in the 1920s and remained in place for the following century. They also laid the groundwork for the system's precedent-setting desegregation, referred to by advocates of the time as "a shining example to the rest of the country. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303688_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: #NPHW, a time of global assessment Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 648-649 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303753_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Costs and financial burden of initial hospitalizations for firearm injuries in the United States, 2006-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Spitzer, S.A. Author-Name: Staudenmayer, K.L. Author-Name: Tennakoon, L. Author-Name: Spain, D.A. Author-Name: Weiser, T.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 770-774 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684 Abstract: Objectives. To quantify the inflation-adjusted costs associated with initial hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries in the United States. Methods. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify patients admitted for firearm-related injuries from 2006 to 2014. We converted charges from hospitalization to costs, which we inflation-adjusted to 2014 dollars. We used survey weights to create national estimates. Results. Costs for the initial inpatient hospitalization totaled $6.61 billion. The largest proportion was for patients with governmental insurance coverage, totaling $2.70 billion (40.8%) and was divided between Medicaid ($2.30 billion) and Medicare ($0.40 billion). Self-pay individuals accounted for $1.56 billion (23.6%) in costs. Conclusions. From 2006 to 2014, the cost of initial hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries averaged $734.6 million per year. Medicaid paid one third and self-pay patients one quarter of the financial burden. These figures substantially underestimate true health care costs. Public health implications. Firearm-related injuries are costly to the US health care system and are particularly burdensome to government insurance and the self-paying poor. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303684_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sustained reduction in HIV diagnoses in Massachusetts, 2000-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cranston, K. Author-Name: John, B. Author-Name: Dawn Fukuda, H. Author-Name: Randall, L.M. Author-Name: Mermin, J. Author-Name: Mayer, K.H. Author-Name: DeMaria, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 794-799 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697 Abstract: Objectives. To describe secular trends in reported HIV diagnoses in Massachusetts concurrent with treatment access expansion. Methods. We characterized cases of HIV infection reported to the Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program between 2000 and 2014 by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and exposure mode. We used Poisson regression to test the statistical significance of trends in diagnoses. Results. Between 2000 and 2014, annual new HIV infections diagnosed in Massachusetts decreased by 47% (P <.001 for trend). We observed significant reductions in diagnoses among women (58% when comparing 2000 with 2014), men (42%), Whites (54%), Blacks (51%), and Hispanics (35%; P <.001 for trend). New diagnoses decreased significantly among men who have sex with men (19%), persons who inject drugs (91%), and heterosexuals (86%; P <.001 for trend). We saw statistically significant downward trends among all men by race/ethnicity, but the trend among Black men who have sex with men was nonsignificant. Conclusions. Sustained reduction in new HIV diagnoses was concurrent with Massachusetts's Medicaid expansion, state health care reform, and public health strategies to improve care access. A contributory effect of expanded HIV treatment and populationlevel viral suppression is hypothesized for future research. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303697_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health communications: Lessons learned from the affordable care act Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Parekh, A.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 639-641 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303737_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: We need a strong environmental protection agency: It's about public health! Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McCarthy, G. Author-Name: Burke, T.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 649-651 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303728_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California Counties, 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Barreau, T. Author-Name: Conway, D. Author-Name: Haught, K. Author-Name: Jackson, R. Author-Name: Kreutzer, R. Author-Name: Lockman, A. Author-Name: Minnick, S. Author-Name: Roisman, R. Author-Name: Rozell, D. Author-Name: Smorodinsky, S. Author-Name: Tafoya, D. Author-Name: Wilken, J.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 783-790 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California's recorded history with a rapid assessment method. Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data. Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%-12%); impacts on finances (25%-39%), property (39%-54%), health (10%-20%), and peace of mind (33%-61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%-46%); acute stress (8%-26%); and considering moving (14%-34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress. Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought. Public Health Implications. Local jurisdictions should consider implementing drought assistance programs, including behavioral health, and consider rapid assessments to inform public health action. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303695_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluation of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination among newly arrived refugees Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lee, D. Author-Name: Weinberg, M. Author-Name: Benoit, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 684-686 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698 Abstract: Objectives. To assess US availability and use of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination documentation for refugees vaccinated overseas. Methods. We selected 1500 refugee records from 14 states from March 2013 through July 2015 to determine whether overseas vaccination records were available at the US postarrival health assessment and integrated into the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices schedule. We assessed number of doses, dosing interval, and contraindications. Results. Twelve of 14 (85.7%) states provided data on 1118 (74.5%) refugees. Overseas records for 972 (86.9%) refugees were available, most from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Electronic Disease Notification system (66.9%). Most refugees (829; 85.3%) were assessed appropriately for MMR vaccination; 37 (3.8%) should have received MMR vaccine but did not; 106 (10.9%) did not need the MMR vaccine but were vaccinated. Conclusions. Overseas documentation was available at most clinics, and MMR vaccinations typically were given when needed. Further collaboration between refugee health clinics and state immunization information systems would improve accessibility of vaccination documentation. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303698_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Jail booking as an occasion for HIV care reengagement: A surveillance-based study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Eastment, M.C. Author-Name: Toren, K.G. Author-Name: Strick, L. Author-Name: Buskin, S.E. Author-Name: Golden, M.R. Author-Name: Dombrowski, J.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 717-723 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668 Abstract: Objectives. To examine population and HIV care outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at their first incarceration of 2014 in 2 county jails in King County, Washington. Methods. Using HIV surveillance data linked with jail booking data, we examined demographic information, viral loads, CD4 counts, and incarceration details for the period prior to jail booking, during incarceration, and year following jail release. Results. In 2014, 202 PLWHA were incarcerated, 51% of whom were virally nonsuppressed at booking.This population represented approximately 3% of all HIV-diagnosed persons and 7% of virally nonsuppressed persons in King County.Within a year of release, 62% were virally suppressed, compared with 79% of the general HIV-diagnosed population in King County. Conclusions. Incarcerated PLWHA are disproportionately virally nonsuppressed compared with nonincarcerated PLWHA up to a year after release from jail. Public Health Implications. Coordination of health information exchange between the health department and jails could enhance public health efforts to improve the HIV care continuum. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303668_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Women's individual asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence: Evidence from 28 international surveys Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Peterman, A. Author-Name: Pereira, A. Author-Name: Bleck, J. Author-Name: Palermo, T.M. Author-Name: Yount, K.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 747-755 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694 Abstract: Objectives.To assess the oft-perceived protective relationship between women's asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous 12 months. Methods. We used international survey data from women aged 15 to 49 years from 28 Demographic and Health Surveys (2010-2014) to examine the association between owning assets and experience of recent IPV, matching on household wealth by using multivariate probit models. Matching methods helped to account for the higher probability that women in wealthier households also have a higher likelihood of owning assets. Results. Asset ownership of any type was negatively associated with IPV in 3 countries, positively associated in 5 countries, and had no significant relationship in 20 countries (P <.10). Disaggregation by asset type, sole or joint ownership, women's age, and community level of women's asset ownership similarly showed no conclusive patterns. Conclusions. Results suggest that the relationship between women's asset ownership and IPV is highly context specific. Additional methodologies and data are needed to identify causality, and to understand how asset ownership differs from other types of women's economic empowerment. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303694_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Potential high-risk areas for zika virus transmission in the contiguous United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shacham, E. Author-Name: Nelson, E.J. Author-Name: Hoft, D.F. Author-Name: Schootman, M. Author-Name: Garza, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 724-731 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670 Abstract: Objectives. To understand where transmission of Zika virus has the highest likelihood to occur in the contiguous United States with regard to its transmission both sexually and via Aedes aegypti mosquito bites. Methods. We evaluated the 2 routes of transmission risk with predictors of sexually transmitted infections (percentage women of childbearing age, birthrate, gonorrhea and chlamydia rates, concentrated disadvantage) as a surrogate for unprotected sexual activity and the demographic distribution of the A.aegypti mosquito across 3108 counties in the contiguous United States. Results. We found that 507 counties had the highest risk of virus exposure via mosquito vector or unprotected sexual activity; these were concentrated in southern states extending northward along the Atlantic coast and southern California, with the highest predicted risk in Mississippi counties. Conclusions.Identifyingareaswithhighertransmissionriskcaninformpreventionstrategiesand vector control, and assist in planning for diagnosis and treatment. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303670_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Local television news coverage of the affordable care act: Emphasizing politics over consumer information Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gollust, S.E. Author-Name: Baum, L.M. Author-Name: Niederdeppe, J. Author-Name: Barry, C.L. Author-Name: Fowler, E.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 687-693 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the public health and policy-relevant messages conveyed through local television news during the first stage of Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation, when about 10 million Americans gained insurance. Methods. We conducted a content analysis of 1569 ACA-related local evening television news stories, obtained from sampling local news aired between October 1, 2013, and April 19, 2014. Coders systematically collected data using a coding instrument tracking major messages and information sources cited in the news. Results. Overall, only half of all ACA-related news coverage focused on health insurance products,whereastheremainderdiscussedpoliticaldisagreementsoverthelaw.Majorpolicy tools of the ACA-the Medicaid expansion and subsidies available-were cited in less than 10% of news stories. Number of enrollees (27%) and Web site glitches (33%) were more common features of coverage. Sources with a political affiliation were by far the most commonsourceofinformation(> 40%),whereasresearchwascitedinlessthan4%ofstories. Conclusions. The most common source of news for Americans provided little public health-relevant substance about the ACA during its early implementation, favoring political strategy in coverage. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303659_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 2017 #NPHW and beyond: Climate changes health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Benjamin, G.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 630 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303739_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health professionals urgently need to develop more effective communications strategies Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Grant, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 658-659 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303738_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Historical misfeasance Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Levine, R.S. Author-Name: Hennekens, C.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e2 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303699_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Morabia responds Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303674_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Natural American spirit brand marketing casts health halo around smoking Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Epperson, A.E. Author-Name: Henriksen, L. Author-Name: Prochaska, J.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 668-670 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303719_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Police brutality and black health: Setting the agenda for public health scholars Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Alang, S. Author-Name: McAlpine, D. Author-Name: McCreedy, E. Author-Name: Hardeman, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 662-665 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691 Abstract: We investigated links between police brutality and poor health outcomes among Blacks and identified five intersecting pathways: (1) fatal injuries that increase population-specific mortality rates; (2) adverse physiological responses that increase morbidity; (3) racist public reactions that cause stress; (4) arrests, incarcerations, and legal, medical, and funeral bills that cause financial strain; and (5) integrated oppressive structures that cause systematic disempowerment. Publichealthscholarsshould champion efforts to implement surveillance of police brutality and press funders to support research to understand the experiences of people faced with police brutality. We must ask whether our own research, teaching, and service are intentionally antiracist and challenge the institutions we work in to ask the same. To reduce racial health inequities, public health scholars must rigorously explore the relationship between police brutality and health, and advocate policies that address racist oppression. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Injury mortality in individuals with autism Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Guan, J. Author-Name: Li, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 791-793 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696 Abstract: Objectives. To examine epidemiological patterns of injury fatalities in individuals with a diagnosis of autism. Methods. We identified individuals with a diagnosis of autism who died between 1999 and 2014 by screening causes of death in the multiple cause-of-death data files in the National Vital Statistics System based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code F84.0. We used the general US population as the reference to calculate proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. During the study period, 1367 deaths (1043 males and 324 females) in individuals with autism were recorded in the United States. The mean age at death for individuals with autism was 36.2 years (SD = 20.9 years), compared with 72.0 years (SD = 19.2 years) for the general population. Of the deaths in individuals with autism, 381 (27.9%) were attributed to injury (PMR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.64, 3.24), with suffocation (n = 90; PMR = 31.93; 95% CI = 25.69, 39.24) being the leading cause of injury mortality, followed by asphyxiation (n = 78; PMR = 13.50; 95% CI = 10.68, 16.85) and drowning (n = 74; PMR = 39.89; 95% CI = 31.34, 50.06). Conclusions. Individuals with autism appear to be at substantially heightened risk for death from injury. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303696_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Estimating the proportion of childhood cancer cases and costs attributable to the environment in California Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nelson, L. Author-Name: Valle, J. Author-Name: King, G. Author-Name: Mills, P.K. Author-Name: Richardson, M.J. Author-Name: Roberts, E.M. Author-Name: Smith, D. Author-Name: English, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 756-762 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690 Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the proportion of cases and costs of the most common cancers among children aged 0 to 14 years (leukemia, lymphoma, and brain or central nervous system tumors) that were attributable to preventable environmental pollution in California in 2013. Methods. We conducted a literature review to identify preventable environmental hazards associated with childhood cancer.We combined risk estimates with California-specific exposure prevalence estimates to calculate hazard-specific environmental attributable fractions (EAFs). We combined hazard-specific EAFs to estimate EAFs for each cancer and calculated an overall EAF. Estimated economic costs included annual (indirect and direct medical) and lifetime costs. Results. Hazards associated with childhood cancer risks included tobacco smoke, residential exposures, and parental occupational exposures. Estimated EAFs for leukemia, lymphoma, and brain orcentral nervoussystem cancer were21.3% (range = 11.7%-30.9%), 16.1% (range = 15.0%-17.2%), and 2.0% (range = 1.7%-2.2%), respectively. The combined EAF was 15.1% (range = 9.4%-20.7%), representing $18.6 million (range = $11.6 to $25.5 million) in annual costs and $31 million in lifetime costs. Conclusions. Reducing environmental hazards and exposures in California could substantially reduce the human burden of childhood cancer and result in significant annual and lifetime savings. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303690_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social and built environmental correlates of predicted blood lead levels in the flint water crisis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sadler, R.C. Author-Name: LaChance, J. Author-Name: Hanna-Attisha, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 763-769 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692 Abstract: Objectives. To highlight contextual factors tied to increased blood lead level (BLL) risk following the lead-in-water contamination in Flint, Michigan. Methods. Using geocoded BLL data collected in 2013 and 2015 and areal interpolation, we predicted BLLs at every residential parcel in the city. We then spatially joined social and built environmental variables to link the parcels with neighborhood-level factors that may influence BLLs. Results. When we compared levels before and during the water crisis, we saw the highest estimates of predicted BLLs during the water crisis and the greatest changes in BLLs in neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes (μ = 2.30 μg/dL; δ = 0.45 μg/dL), oldest house age (μ = 2.22 μg/dL; δ = 0.37 μg/dL), and poorest average neighborhood housing condition (μ = 2.18 μg/dL; δ = 0.44 μg/dL). Conclusions. Key social and built environmental variables correlate with BLL; such information can continue to guide response by prioritizing older, deteriorating neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Flint kids: Tragic, resilient, and exemplary Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hanna-Attisha, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 651-652 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303732_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Four priorities to guide a public health of consequence Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Amaro, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 671-672 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303741_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the May 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 646-647 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303726_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Universal mandatory reporting policies and the odds of identifying child physical abuse Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ho, G.W.K. Author-Name: Gross, D.A. Author-Name: Bettencourt, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 709-716 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relationships between universal mandatory reporting (UMR), child physical abuse reporting, and the moderating effect of UMR on physical abuse report outcomes by report source. Methods. We used a national data set of 204 414 children reported for physical abuse in 2013 to compare rates of total and confirmed reports by states or territories with and without UMR. We estimated odds and predicted probabilities of confirming a physical abuse report made by professional versus nonprofessional reporters, accounting for the moderating effect of UMR and individual-level characteristics. Results. Rates of total and confirmed physical abuse reports did not differ by UMR status. Nonprofessionals were more likely to make reports in UMR states compared with states without UMR. Probability of making a confirmed report was significantly lower under UMR; this effect almost doubled for nonprofessionals compared with professional reporters. Conclusions. Universal mandatory reporting may not be the answer for strengthening the protection of children victimized by physical abuse. Implementation of child protection policies must be exercised according to evidence to exert the fullest impact and benefit of these laws. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303667_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health policies: Go local! Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bishai, D.M. Author-Name: Frattaroli, S. Author-Name: Pollack, K.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 672-674 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303682_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trumpcare or transformation Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U. Author-Name: Woolhandler, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 660-661 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303729_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The affordable care act, insurance coverage, and health care utilization of previously incarcerated young men: 2008-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Winkelman, T.N.A. Author-Name: Choi, H.J. Author-Name: Davis, M.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 807-811 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate health insurance and health care utilization patterns among previously incarcerated men following implementation of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Medicaid expansion and Marketplace plans in 2014. Methods. We performed serial cross-sectional analyses using data from the National Survey of Family Growth between 2008 and 2015. Our sample included men aged 18 to 44 years with (n = 3476) and without (n = 8702) a history of incarceration. Results. Uninsurance declined significantly among previously incarcerated men after ACA implementation (-5.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI] =-11.5,-0.4), primarily because of an increase in private insurance (6.8 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.1, 13.3). Previously incarcerated men accounted for a large proportion of the remaining uninsured (38.6%) in 2014 to 2015. Following ACA implementation, previously incarcerated men continued to be significantly less likely to report a regular source of primary care and more likely to report emergency department use than were neverincarcerated peers. Conclusions. Health insurance coverage improved among previously incarcerated men following ACA implementation. However, these men account for a substantial proportion of the remaining uninsured. Previously incarcerated men continue to lack primary care and frequently utilize acute care services. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303703_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Supply-side disruption in cocaine production associated with cocaine-related maternal and child health outcomes in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Delcher, C. Author-Name: Livingston, M. Author-Name: Wang, Y. Author-Name: Mowitz, M. Author-Name: Maldonado-Molina, M. Author-Name: Goldberger, B.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 812-814 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effects of precursor chemical regulation aimed at reducing cocaine production on cocaine-related maternal and newborn hospital stays in the United States. Methods. We analyzed monthly counts of maternal and neonatal stays from January 2002 through December 2013 by using a quasi-experimental interrupted time series design. We estimated the preregulation linear trend, postregulation change in linear trend, and abrupt change in level. Results. The number of monthly cocaine-related maternal and neonatal stays decreased by 221 and 128 stays, respectively, following the cocaine precursor regulation change. We also observed a further decline in per-month maternal and neonatal stays of 18 and 8 stays, respectively. Conclusions. A supply-side disruption in the United States cocaine market was associated with reduced hospital stays for 2 vulnerable populations: pregnant women and newborns. Results support findings that federal precursor regulation can positively reduce cocaine availability in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: No mission too difficult: Responding to military sexual assault Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kimerling, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 642-644 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303731_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Disability items from the current population survey (2008-2015) and permanent versus temporary disability status Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ward, B. Author-Name: Myers, A. Author-Name: Wong, J. Author-Name: Ravesloot, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 706-708 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666 Abstract: Objectives.To examine longitudinal responses to the disability indicator questions that have been adopted as the standard across national surveys sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Methods. Data from the Current Population Survey between 2008 and 2015 were linked to create a longitudinal sample of 721 178 individual respondents. Results. Responses to the disability questions fluctuated significantly. Although 17% of all respondents reported a disability at some point, only 3% consistently reported the same set of disabilities. Demographic differences were found between people who always reported a consistent set of disabilities and those whose responses fluctuated. Conclusions. The disability questions capture 2 discrete groups: people who experience a permanent disability and those who experience a temporary disability. Demographic differences between these groups suggest that this is not simply due to measurement error. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303666_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: State-level progress in reducing the black-white infant mortality gap, United States, 1999-2013 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Speights, J.S.B. Author-Name: Goldfarb, S.S. Author-Name: Wells, B.A. Author-Name: Beitsch, L. Author-Name: Levine, R.S. Author-Name: Rust, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 775-782 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689 Abstract: Objectives. To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality. Methods. Using linked infant birth-death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black-White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained. Results. We found substantial state-level variation in Black IMRs (range = 6.6-13.8) and Black-White rate ratios (1.5-2.7), and also in percentage relative improvement in IMR (range = 2.7% to 36.5% improvement) and in Black-White rate ratios (from 11.7% relative worsening to 24.0% improvement). Thirteen states achieved statistically significant reductions in Black-White IMR disparities. Eliminating the Black-White IMR gap would have saved 64 876 babies during these 15 years. Eighteen states would achieve IMR racial equality by the year 2050 if current trends are sustained. Conclusions. States are achieving varying levels of progress in reducing Black infant mortality and Black-White IMR disparities. PublicHealthImplications.Racialequalityininfantsurvivalisachievable,butwillrequireshifting our focus to determinants of progress and strategies for success. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health meets the problem of the color line Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bassett, M.T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 666-667 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303714_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Rethinking the black panther party can help us rethink our strategies in public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Dickinson-Copeland, C. Author-Name: Weber, S.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303679_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tracking the impact of policy changes on public health practice Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Erwin, P.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 653-654 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303733_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The missing link: HIV, corrections, and public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Spaulding, A.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 641-642 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303754_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sexual assault victimization and mental health treatment, suicide attempts, and career outcomes among women in the US army Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rosellini, A.J. Author-Name: Street, A.E. Author-Name: Ursano, R.J. Author-Name: Chiu, W.T. Author-Name: Heeringa, S.G. Author-Name: Monahan, J. Author-Name: Naifeh, J.A. Author-Name: Petukhova, M.V. Author-Name: Reis, B.Y. Author-Name: Sampson, N.A. Author-Name: Bliese, P.D. Author-Name: Stein, M.B. Author-Name: Zaslavsky, A.M. Author-Name: Kessler, R.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 732-739 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693 Abstract: Objectives. To examine associations of administratively recorded sexual assault victimization during military service with subsequent mental health and negative career outcomes among US Army women controlling for nonrandom victimization exposure. Methods. We used data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers to apply propensity score methods to match all 4238 female Regular Army soldiers with administratively recorded sexual assault victimization during 2004 to 2009 to 5 controls per case with similar composite victimization risk. We examined associations of this victimization measure with administratively recorded mental health treatment, suicide attempt, and Army career outcomes over the subsequent 12 months by using survival analysis for dichotomous outcomes and conditional generalized linear models for continuous outcomes. Results. Women with administratively recorded sexual assault had significantly elevated odds ratios (ORs) of subsequent mental health treatment (any, OR =2.5; 95% confidence interval[CI]= 2.4,2.6;specialty,OR =3.1;95%CI= 2.9,3.3;inpatient,OR =2.8;95%CI= 2.5,3.1), posttraumatic stress disorder treatment (any, OR =6.3; 95% CI= 5.7, 6.9; specialty, OR =7.7; 95% CI=6.8, 8.6; inpatient, OR =6.8; 95% CI=5.4, 8.6), suicide attempt (OR= 3.0; 95% CI=2.5, 3.6), demotion (OR =2.1; 95% CI= 1.9, 2.3), and attrition (OR= 1.2; 95% CI =1.1, 1.2). Conclusions. Sexual assault victimization is associated with considerable suffering and likely decreased force readiness. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303693_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The US black-white infant mortality gap: Marker of deep inequities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kirby, R.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 644-645 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303735_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Make refugee health care great [again] Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Philbrick, A.M. Author-Name: Wicks, C.M. Author-Name: Harris, I.M. Author-Name: Shaft, G.M. Author-Name: Van Vooren, J.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 656-658 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sales of nicotine-containing electronic cigarette products: United States, 2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marynak, K.L. Author-Name: Gammon, D.G. Author-Name: Rogers, T. Author-Name: Coats, E.M. Author-Name: Singh, T. Author-Name: King, B.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 702-705 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the proportion of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products sold in the United States that contain nicotine according to retail scanner data. Methods. We obtained unit sales data from January 11, 2015, to December 12, 2015, from The Nielsen Company for convenience stores; supermarkets; mass merchandisers; drug, club, and dollar stores; and Department of Defense commissaries. The data did not include purchases from tobacco specialty shops,"vape shops," or online sources. Nicotine content was assessed by product type (disposables, rechargeables, and refills), region, and flavor status based on nicotine strength listed in the Universal Product Codes. For the 36.7% of entries lacking nicotine content information, we conducted Internet searches by brand, product, and flavor. Results. In 2015, 99.0% of e-cigarette products sold contained nicotine, including 99.0% of disposables, 99.7% of rechargeables, and 98.8% of refills. Overall, 98.7% of flavored e-cigarette products and 99.4% of nonflavored e-cigarette products contained nicotine. Conclusions. In 2015, almost all e-cigarette products sold in US convenience stores and other assessed channels contained nicotine. Public Health Implications. Findings reinforce the importance of warning labels for nicotine-containing products, ingredient reporting, and restrictions on sales to minors. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Reverby responds Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Reverby, S.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: e2-e3 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303700_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The cost of firearm violence survivorship Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kalesan, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 638-639 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303724_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Video-based grocery shopping intervention effect on purchasing behaviors among latina shoppers Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Amaro, H. Author-Name: Cortés, D.E. Author-Name: Garcia, S. Author-Name: Duan, L. Author-Name: Black, D.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 800-806 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725 Abstract: Objectives. To compare changes in food-purchasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior after viewing nutrition education videos among Los Angeles, California Latinas responsible for household grocery shopping. Methods. From February to May 2015, a convenience sample of 113 Latinas watched 1 video (El Carrito Saludable) featuring MyPlate guidelines applied to grocery shopping (1-video intervention) and another convenience sample of 105 Latinas watched 2 videos (El Carrito Saludable and Ser Consciente), the latter featuring mindfulness to support attention and overcome distractions while grocery shopping (2-video intervention). We administered questionnaires before and after intervention. A preselected sample in each intervention condition (n = 72) completed questionnaires at 2-months after intervention and provided grocery receipts (before and 2-months after intervention). Results. Knowledge improved in both intervention groups (P <.001). The 2-video group improved more in self-efficacy and use of a shopping list (both P <.05) and purchased more healthy foods (d = 0.60; P <.05) at 2 months than did the 1-video group. Conclusions. Culturally tailored videos that model food-purchasing behavior and mindfulness show promise for improving the quality of foods that Latinas bring into the home. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303725_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tobacco town: Computational modeling of policy options to reduce tobacco retailer density Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Luke, D.A. Author-Name: Hammond, R.A. Author-Name: Combs, T. Author-Name: Sorg, A. Author-Name: Kasman, M. Author-Name: MacK-Crane, A. Author-Name: Ribisl, K.M. Author-Name: Henriksen, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 740-746 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685 Abstract: Objectives. To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density. Methods. We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower). Results. Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings. Conclusions. Comprehensive retailer density reduction policies have excellent potential to reduce the public health burden of tobacco use in communities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303685_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Areas of concern for public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sundwall, D.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 5 Pages: 654-656 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303749_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories related to the 2014 occupy central/umbrella movement in Hong Kong Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ni, M.Y. Author-Name: Li, T.K. Author-Name: Pang, H. Author-Name: Chan, B.H.Y. Author-Name: Kawachi, I. Author-Name: Viswanath, K. Author-Name: Schooling, C.M. Author-Name: Leung, G.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 593-600 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories before, during, and after Hong Kong's 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement. Methods. In a prospective study, between March 2009 and November 2015, we interviewed 1170 adults randomly sampled from the population-representative FAMILY Cohort. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms and probable major depression. We investigated pre-event and time-varying predictors of depressive symptoms. Results. We identified 4 trajectories: resistant (22.6% of sample), resilient (37.0%), mild depressive symptoms (32.5%), and persistent moderate depression (8.0%). Baseline predictors that appeared to protect against persistent moderate depression included higher household income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.56), greater psychological resilience (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.82), more family harmony (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), higher family support (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92), better self-rated health (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.49), and fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.81). Conclusions. Depression trajectories after a major protest are comparable to those after major population events. Health care professionals should be aware of the mental health consequences during and after social movements, particularly among individuals lacking social support. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303651_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: My failed attempt to gain access to small-scale gold miners Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Zolnikov, T.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 507-508 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303656_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Housing assistance programs and adult health in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fenelon, A. Author-Name: Mayne, P. Author-Name: Simon, A.E. Author-Name: Rossen, L.M. Author-Name: Helms, V. Author-Name: Lloyd, P. Author-Name: Sperling, J. Author-Name: Steffen, B.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 571-578 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649 Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether access to housing assistance is associated with better health among low-income adults. Methods. We used National Health Interview Survey data (1999-2012) linked to US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative records (1999-2014) to examine differences in reported fair or poor health and psychological distress. We used multivariable models to compare those currently receiving HUD housing assistance (public housing, housing choice vouchers, and multifamily housing) with those who will receive housing assistance within 2 years (the average duration of HUD waitlists) to account for selection into HUD assistance. Results. We found reduced odds of fair or poor health for current public housing (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.97) and multifamily housing (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) residents compared with future residents. Public housing residents also had reduced odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.86). These differences were not mediated by neighborhood-level characteristics, and we did not find any health benefits for current housing choice voucher recipients. Conclusions. Housing assistance is associated with improved health and psychological well-being for individuals entering public housing and multifamily housing programs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303649_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Language barriers and health of syrian refugees in Germany Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Green, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 486 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303676_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fall prevention intervention and the triple aim goals Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Monaghan, E.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e22 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303632_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Cumulative lifetime marijuana use and incident cardiovascular disease in middle age: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Reis, J.P. Author-Name: Auer, R. Author-Name: Bancks, M.P. Author-Name: Goff, D.C. Author-Name: Lewis, C.E. Author-Name: Pletcher, M.J. Author-Name: Rana, J.S. Author-Name: Shikany, J.M. Author-Name: Sidney, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 601-606 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985-1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years.The primary outcome was incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) through 2013. Results. A total of 84% (n = 4286) reported a history of marijuana use. During a median 26.9 years (131 990 person-years), we identified 215 CVD events, including 62 strokes or transient ischemic attacks, 104 cases of coronary heart disease, and 50 CVD deaths. Compared with no marijuana use, cumulative lifetime and recent marijuana use showed no association with incident CVD, stroke or transient ischemic attacks, coronary heart disease, or CVD mortality. Marijuana use was not associated with CVD when stratified by age, gender, race, or family history of CVD. Conclusions. Neither cumulative lifetime nor recent use of marijuana is associated with the incidence of CVD in middle age. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303654_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Nutritional, economic, and environmental costs of milk waste in a classroom school breakfast program Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Blondin, S.A. Author-Name: Cash, S.B. Author-Name: Goldberg, J.P. Author-Name: Griffin, T.S. Author-Name: Economos, C.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 590-592 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647 Abstract: Objectives. To measure fluid milk waste in a US School Breakfast in the Classroom Program and estimate its nutritional, economic, and environmental effects. Methods. Fluidmilkwastewasdirectlymeasuredon60elementaryschoolclassroomdaysin a medium-sized, urban district. The US Department of Agriculture nutrition database, district cost data, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions and water footprint estimates for fluid milkwere usedtocalculate theassociatednutritional,economic,andenvironmental costs. Results. Of the total milk offered to School Breakfast Program participants, 45% was wasted. A considerably smaller portion of served milk was wasted (26%).The amount of milk wasted translated into 27% of vitamin D and 41% of calcium required of School Breakfast Program meals.The economic and environmental costs amounted to an estimated $274 782 (16% of the district's total annual School Breakfast Program food expenditures), 644 893 kilograms of CO2e, and 192 260 155 liters of water over the school year in the district. Conclusions. These substantial effects of milk waste undermine the School Breakfast Program's capacity to ensure short-and long-term food security and federal food waste reduction targets. Interventions that reduce waste are urgently needed. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303647_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Engaging human rights in the response to the evolving zika virus epidemic Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rasanathan, J.J.K. Author-Name: MacCarthy, S. Author-Name: Diniz, D. Author-Name: Torreele, E. Author-Name: Gruskin, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 525-531 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658 Abstract: In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health responses have focused on mosquito vector eradication, sexual and reproductive health services, knowledge and technology including diagnostic test and vaccine development, and health system preparedness. We summarize responses to date and apply human rights and related principles including nondiscrimination, participation, the legal and policy context, and accountability to identify shortcomings and to offer suggestions for more equitable, effective, and sustainable Zika responses. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303658_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Parent-centered prevention of risky behaviors among hispanic youths in Florida Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Estrada, Y. Author-Name: Lee, T.K. Author-Name: Huang, S. Author-Name: Tapia, M.I. Author-Name: Velázquez, M.-R. Author-Name: Martinez, M.J. Author-Name: Pantin, H. Author-Name: Ocasio, M.A. Author-Name: Vidot, D.C. Author-Name: Molleda, L. Author-Name: Villamar, J. Author-Name: Stepanenko, B.A. Author-Name: Hendricks Brown, C. Author-Name: Prado, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 607-613 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based, parent-centered intervention, Familias Unidas, delivered by nonresearch personnel, in preventing substance use (alcohol, illicit drugs) and sex without a condom among Hispanic adolescents. Methods. A randomized controlled trial (n = 746) evaluated the effectiveness of Familias Unidas among Hispanic eighth graders (age range = 12-16 years), relative to prevention as usual, within a public school system. School personnel, including social workers and mental health counselors, were trained to deliver the evidence-based intervention. Participant recruitment, intervention delivery, and follow-up ran from September 2010 through June 2014 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Results. Familias Unidas was effective in preventing drug use from increasing and prevented greater increases in sex without a condom 30 months after baseline, relative to prevention as usual. Familias Unidas also had a positive impact on family functioning and parental monitoring of peers at 6 months after baseline. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a parent-centered preventive intervention program in preventing risky behaviors among Hispanic youths. Findings highlight the feasibility of training nonresearch personnel on effectively delivering a manualized intervention in a real-world setting. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health, ethics, and autonomous vehicles Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fleetwood, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 532-537 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628 Abstract: With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303628_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The future of the affordable care act and insurance coverage Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Glied, S. Author-Name: Jackson, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 538-540 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665 Abstract: We describe the patterns of coverage gains associated with the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansions and use these patterns to assess the potential impact of alternative repeal or repeal and replace strategies because Congress and the president are weighing options to repeal or replace the ACA. We find that specific provisionsofthe ACA, including the Medicaid expansion and the structure of premium subsidies, havebeen associatedwith large and robust gains in insurance coverage. We evaluate the impact of retaining dependent coverage and high-risk pool provisions and show, on the basis of the ACA experience, that these provisions would have little effect on coverage. We find that many replacement proposal components, including flat tax credits and maintaining cost savings provisions, could jeopardize the ability of many of the ACA's primary beneficiaries, as well as other Americans, to access coverage and care. By leading to a deterioration of the safety net, these strategies could also imperil population health activities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Li and Harmer respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Li, F. Author-Name: Harmer, P. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e22-e23 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303634_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the April 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 500-501 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303675_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Socioeconomic determinants of sodium intake in adult populations of high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: De Mestral, C. Author-Name: Mayén, A.-L. Author-Name: Petrovic, D. Author-Name: Marques-Vidal, P. Author-Name: Bochud, M. Author-Name: Stringhini, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e1-e12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629 Abstract: Background. A poorer quality diet among individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) may partly explain the higher burden of noncommunicable disease among disadvantaged populations. Because there is a link between sodium intake and noncommunicable diseases, we systematically reviewed the current evidence on the social patterning of sodium intake. Objectives. To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between SES and sodium intake in healthy adult populations of high-income countries. Search Methods. We followed the PRISMA-Equity guidelines in conducting a literaturesearch that ended June 3, 2016, via MEDLINE,Embase, and SciELO. We imposed no publication date limits. Selection Criteria. We considered only peer-reviewed articles meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported a measure of sodium intake disaggregated by at least 1 measure of SES (education, income, occupation, or any other socioeconomic indicator); (2) were written in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Italian; and (3) were conducted in a high-income country as defined by the World Bank (i.e., per capita national gross income was higher than $12 746). We also excluded articles that exclusively sampled low-SES individuals, pregnant women, children, adolescents, elderly participants, or diseased patients or that reported results from a trial or intervention. Data Collection and Analysis. As summary measures, we extracted (1) the direction (positive, negative, or neutral) and the magnitude of the association between each SES indicator and sodium intake, and (2) the estimated sodium intake according to SES level. When possible and if previously unreported, we calculated the magnitude of the relative difference in sodium intake between high-and low-SES groups for each article,applyingthisformula:([valueforhigh-SESgroup-valueforlow-SES group]/[value for high-SES group]) • 100. We considered an association significant if reported as such, and we set an arbitrary 10% relative differenceasclinicallyrelevantandsignificant.Weconductedameta-analysis of the relative difference in sodium intake between high-and low-SES groups. We included articles in the meta-analysis if they reported urinebased sodium estimates and provided the total participant numbers in the low-and high-SES groups, the estimated sodium intake means for each group (in mg/day or convertible units), and the SDs (or transformable measures). We chose a random-effects model to account for both within-study and between-study variance. Main Results. Fifty-one articles covering 19 high-income countries met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 used urine-based methods to assess sodium intake, and 30 used dietary surveys.These articles assessed 171 associations between SES and sodium intake. Among urine-based estimates, 67% were negative (higher sodium intake in people of low SES), 3% positive, and 30% neutral. Among diet-based estimates, 41% were negative, 21% positive, and 38% neutral. The random-effects model indicated a 14% relative difference between low-and high-SES groups (95% confidence interval [CI]=-18,-9), corresponding to a global 503 milligrams per day (95% CI=461, 545) of higher sodium intake among people of low SES. Conclusions. People of low SES consume more sodium than do people of high SES, confirming the current evidence on socioeconomic disparities in diet, which may influence the disproportionate noncommunicable disease burden among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Public Health Implications. It is necessary to focus on disadvantaged populations to achieve an equitable reduction in sodium intake to a population mean of 2 grams per day as part of the World Health Organization's target to achieve a 25% relative reduction in noncommunicable disease mortality by 2025. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Masters et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Masters, R.K. Author-Name: Powers, D.A. Author-Name: Reither, E.N. Author-Name: Yang, C. Author-Name: Link, B.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 505-506 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303715_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Visual loss and subsequent activity limitations in the elderly: The French three-city cohort Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Péres, K. Author-Name: Matharan, F. Author-Name: Daien, V. Author-Name: Nael, V. Author-Name: Edjolo, A. Author-Name: Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson, I. Author-Name: Ritchie, K. Author-Name: Tzourio, C. Author-Name: Delcourt, C. Author-Name: Carriere, I. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 564-569 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the relationship between vision and disability in the elderly. Methods. We used a baseline visual indicator (combining near acuity with Snellen equivalent < 20/30 and self-reported distance visual loss) to explore the association between visual loss and subsequent disability (mobility, instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs], ADLs, and participation restriction) from 1999 to 2007 in 8491 elderly participants of the French Three-City Cohort (Bordeaux, Dijon, and Montpellier). Results. In multiadjusted analyses, near visual impairment, alone or associated with distance visual function loss, was associated with greater risk of developing ADL limitations (P =.027), IADL limitations (P =.002), and participation restriction (P <.001), but not mobility (P =.848). The disabling impact of visual loss was significant for 11 of the 15 activities, when analyzed one by one. Conclusions. Both near and distance visual loss was associated with greater functional decline over time, and the combination of the two could be even worse. Public Health Implications. In the context of rapid aging of the population, maintaining good vision in the elderly represents a promising prevention track, visual impairment being common in the elderly, largely undermanaged, and mostly reversible. Further research, especially trials, is necessary to estimate the public health impact of such interventions. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303631_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A systematic review of cardiovascular disease in sexual minorities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Caceres, B.A. Author-Name: Brody, A. Author-Name: Luscombe, R.E. Author-Name: Primiano, J.E. Author-Name: Marusca, P. Author-Name: Sitts, E.M. Author-Name: Chyun, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e13-e21 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630 Abstract: Background: Mental health and HIV disparities are well documented among sexual minorities, but there is a dearth of research on other chronic conditions. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Although sexual minorities have high rates of several modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (including stress, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption), there is a paucity of research in this area. Objectives: In this systematic review, we synthesized and critiqued the existing evidence on cardiovascular disease among sexual minority adults. Search Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search of 6 electronic databases for studies published between January 1985 and December 2015 that compared cardiovascular disease risk or prevalence between sexual minority and heterosexual adults. Selection Criteria: We included peer-reviewed English-language studies that compared cardiovascular disease risk or diagnoses between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals older than 18 years. We excluded reviews, case studies, and gray literature. A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria. Data Collection and Analysis: At least 2 authors independently abstracted data from each study. We performed quality assessment of retrieved studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Main Results: Sexual minority women exhibited greater cardiovascular disease risk related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, poor mental health, and body mass index, whereas sexual minority men experienced excess risk related to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and poor mental health. We identified several limitations in the extant literature. The majority of included studies were crosssectional analyses that used self-reported measures of cardiovascular disease. Even though we observed elevated cardiovascular disease risk, we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses (including hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol). Overall, 23 of the 26 studies that examined cardiovascular disease diagnoses used subjective measures. Only 7 studies used a combination of biomarkers and self-report measures to establish cardiovascular disease risk and diagnoses. Authors' Conclusions: Social conditions appear to exert a negative effect on cardiovascular disease risk among sexual minorities. Although we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses, we identified an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease in both sexual minority men and women. There is a need for research that incorporates subjective and objective measures of cardiovascular disease risk. Public Health Implications: Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern for clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. This systematic review supports the need for culturally appropriate interventions that address cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minority adults. ((The full article is available online. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact of early head start in North Carolina on dental care use among children younger than 3 years Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Burgette, J.M. Author-Name: Preisser, J.S. Author-Name: Weinberger, M. Author-Name: King, R.S. Author-Name: Lee, J.Y. Author-Name: Gary Rozier, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 614-620 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the effects of North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS), an early education program for low-income children younger than 3 years and their families, on dental care use among children. Methods. We performed a quasi-experimental study in which we interviewed 479 EHS and 699 non-EHS parent-child dyads at baseline (2010-2012) and at a 24-month followup (2012-2014). We estimated the effects of EHS participation on the probability of having a dental care visit after controlling for baseline dental care need and use and a propensity score covariate; we included random effects to account for EHS program clustering. Results.The odds of having a dental care visit of any type (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74, 3.48) and having a preventive dental visit (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.63) were higher among EHS children than among non-EHS children. In addition, the adjusted mean number of dental care visits among EHS children was 1.3 times (95% CI = 1.17, 1.55) the mean number among non-EHS children. Conclusions. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that EHS participation increases dental care use among disadvantaged young children. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303621_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Socioeconomic inequalities in dietary sodium intake: Upstream versus downstream interventions Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kypridemos, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 499-500 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303673_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Demographic characteristics and health status of transgender adults in select US regions: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Meyer, I.H. Author-Name: Brown, T.N.T. Author-Name: Herman, J.L. Author-Name: Reisner, S.L. Author-Name: Bockting, W.O. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 582-589 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648 Abstract: Objectives. To describe the health status of the transgender population in the United States. Methods. We used 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data that comprised a probability sample from 19 US states and Guam (n = 151 456). Results. Bivariate analyses showed that, in comparison with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals had a higher prevalence of poor general health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 2.4), more days per month of poor physical (b = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.61, 4.24; P <.01) and mental (b = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.28, 3.19; P =.02) health, and a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.5). In addition, more transgender than cisgender people lacked health care coverage (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.7) and a health care provider (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1), and they were less likely to have visited a dentist in the preceding year (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 1.0). However, transgender individuals did not differ from cisgender individuals with respect to prevalence of chronic diseases, cancers, or depressive disorders or in terms of health behaviors such as smoking, binge drinking, and always wearing a seatbelt. Conclusions. Our findings highlight areas of unmet needs in the transgender population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303648_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Examination of bias in study of clinic closures Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Power, M.V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e24 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303635_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Leaking containers: Success and failure in controlling the mosquito aedes aegypti in Brazil Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lowy, I. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 517-524 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652 Abstract: In 1958, the Pan American Health Organization declared that Brazil had successfully eradicated the mosquito Aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Yet in 2016 the Brazilian minister of health described the situation of dengue fever as "catastrophic." Discussing the recent epidemic of Zika virus, which amplified the crisis produced by the persistence of dengue fever, Brazil's president declared in January 2016 that "we are in the process of losing the war against the mosquito Aedes aegypti." I discuss the reasons for the failure to contain Aedes in Brazil and the consequences of this failure. A longue durée perspective favors a view of the Zika epidemic that does not present it as a health crisis to be contained with a technical solution alone but as a pathology that has the persistence of deeply entrenched structural problems and vulnerabilities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303652_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact of CVS pharmacy's discontinuance of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing (2012-2014) Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Polinski, J.M. Author-Name: Howell, B. Author-Name: Gagnon, M.A. Author-Name: Kymes, S.M. Author-Name: Brennan, T.A. Author-Name: Shrank, W.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 556-562 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the impact of CVS Health's discontinuation of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing. Methods. We used households' purchasing data to assess rates at which households stopped cigarette purchasing for at least 6 months during September 2014 to August 2015 among 3 baseline groups: CVS-exclusive cigarette purchasers, CVS+ (CVS and other retailers), and other-exclusive (only non-CVS retailers). In state-level analyses using retailers' point-of-sale purchase data, an interrupted time series compared cigarette purchasing before (January 2012 to August 2014) and after (September 2014 to April 2015) tobacco removal in 13 intervention states with CVS market share of at least 15% versus 3 control states with no CVS stores. Results. Compared with other-exclusive purchasers, CVS-exclusive purchasers were 38% likelier (95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.81) to stop cigarette purchasing after tobacco removal. Compared with control states, intervention states had a significant mean decrease of 0.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.22) in packs per smoker per month. Conclusions. After CVS's tobacco removal, household-and population-level cigarette purchasing declined significantly. Private retailers can play a meaningful role in restricting access to tobacco. This highlights one approach to reducing tobacco use and improving public health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities with Predicted Absolute Incomes Rather Than Wealth Quintiles: A Comparative Assessment Using Child Stunting Data from National Surveys Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fink, G. Author-Name: Victora, C.G. Author-Name: Harttgen, K. Author-Name: Vollmer, S. Author-Name: Vidaletti, L.P. Author-Name: Barros, A.J.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 550-555 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657 Abstract: Objectives. To compare the predictive power of synthetic absolute income measures with that of asset-based wealth quintiles in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) using child stunting as an outcome. Methods. We pooled data from 239 nationally representative household surveys from LMICs and computed absolute incomes in US dollars based on households' asset rank as well as data on national consumption and inequality levels. We used multivariable regression models to compare the predictive power of the created income measure with the predictive power of existing asset indicator measures. Results. In cross-country analysis, log absolute income predicted 54.5% of stunting variation observed, compared with 20% of variation explained by wealth quintiles. For within-survey analysis, we also found absolute income gaps to be predictive of the gaps between stunting in the wealthiest and poorest households (P <.001). Conclusions. Our results suggest that absolute income levels can greatly improve the prediction of stunting levels across and within countries over time, compared with models that rely solely on relative wealth quintiles. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gerdts et Al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Gerdts, C. Author-Name: Fuentes, L. Author-Name: Grossman, D. Author-Name: White, K. Author-Name: Keefe-Oates, B. Author-Name: Baum, S.E. Author-Name: Hopkins, K. Author-Name: Stolp, C.W. Author-Name: Potter, J.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: e24-e25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303636_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health equity and the fallacy of treating causes of population health as if they sum to 100% Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Krieger, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 541-549 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655 Abstract: Numerous examples exist in population health of work that erroneously forces the causes of health to sum to 100%.This is surprising. Clear refutations of this error extend back 80 years. Because public health analysis, action, and allocation of resources are ill served by faulty methods, I consider why this error persists. I first review several highprofile examples, including Doll and Peto's 1981 opus on the causes of cancer and its current interpretations; a 2015 highpublicity article in Science claiming that two thirds of cancer is attributable to chance; and the influential Web site "County Health Rankings &Roadmaps: Building a Culture of Health, CountybyCounty,"whose model sums causes of health to equal 100%: physical environment (10%), social and economic factors(40%),clinicalcare(20%), and health behaviors (30%). Critical analysis of these works and earlier historical debates reveals that underlying the error of forcing causes of health to sum to 100% is the still dominantbutdeeply flawed view that causation can be parsed as nature versus nurture. Better approaches exist for tallying risk and monitoring efforts to reach health equity. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Handgun legislation and changes in statewide overall suicide rates Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Anestis, M.D. Author-Name: Anestis, J.C. Author-Name: Butterworth, S.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 579-581 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the extent to which 4 laws regulating handgun ownership were associated with statewide suicide rate changes. Methods. To test between-group differences in statewide suicide rate changes between 2013 and 2014 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia with and without specific laws, we ran analyses of covariance. Results. We found significant differences in suicide rate changes from 2013 to 2014 in states with mandatory waiting periods and universal background checks relative to states without such laws. States with both laws differed significantly from those with neither. No significant differences in rate changes were noted for open carry restrictions or gun lock requirements. Conclusions. Some state laws regulating aspects of handgun acquisition may be associated with lower statewide suicide rates. Laws regulating handgun storage and carrying practices may have a smaller effect, highlighting that legislation is likely most useful when its focus is on preventing gun ownership rather than regulating use and storage of guns already acquired. Public Health Implications. The findings add to the increasing evidence in support of a public health approach to the prevention of suicide via firearms, focusing on waiting periods and background checks. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303650_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Linking public health and individual medicine: The health policy approach of surgeon general thomas parran Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sledge, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 509-516 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639 Abstract: Surgeon General Thomas Parran Jr was once viewed as a path-breaking leader, but his legacy is now highly contested. Scholars of national health insurance have viewed Parran as an impediment to government-backed insurance, and revelations about his role in the Tuskegee Study and in the Public Health Service's experiments in Guatemala have cast a shadow over his career. Surgeon General from 1936 to 1948, Parran led the Public Health Service during the development of key features of the modern American health system and was involved in critical debates over the role of the national government in health. I argue that Parran is best understood not as an opponent of insurance but as the proponent of an approach to health policy that sought to link public health and individual medicine. A pragmatic bureaucrat, Parran believed that effective policymaking required compromise with the American Medical Association. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303639_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Correction of selection bias in survey data: Is the statistical cure worse than the bias? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hanley, J.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 503-505 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644 Abstract: In previous articles in the American Journal of Epidemiology (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177 (5):431-442) and American Journal of Public Health (Am J Public Health. 2013;103(10): 1895-1901), Masters et al. reported age-specific hazard ratios for the contrasts in mortality rates between obesity categories. They corrected the observed hazard ratios for selection bias caused by what they postulated was the nonrepresentativeness of the participants in the National Health Interview Study that increased with age, obesity, and ill health. However, it is possible that their regression approach to remove the alleged bias has not produced, and in general cannot produce, sensible hazard ratio estimates. First, we must consider how many nonparticipants there might have been in each category of obesity and of age at entry and how much higher the mortality rates would have to be in nonparticipants than in participants in these same categories. What plausible set of numerical values would convert the ("biased") decreasing-with-age hazard ratios seen in the data into the ("unbiased") increasing-with-age ratios that they computed? Can these values be encapsulated in (and can sensible values be recovered from) one additional internal variable in a regression model? Second, one must examine the age pattern of the hazard ratios that have been adjusted for selection. Without the correction, the hazard ratios are attenuated with increasing age. With it, the hazard ratios at older ages are considerably higher, but those at younger ages are well below one. Third, one must test whether the regression approach suggested by Masters et al. would correct the nonrepresentativeness that increased with age and ill health that I introduced into real and hypothetical data sets. I found that the approach did not recover the hazard ratio patterns present in the unselected data sets: the corrections overshot the target at older ages and undershot it at lower ages. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303644_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Editorial: Note about inaccurate results published in the American journal of epidemiology and the American journal of public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Author-Name: Szklo, M. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 502 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303643_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Advancing the LGBT health research agenda: differential health trends within the lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cochran, S.D. Author-Name: Mays, V.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 497-498 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303677_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From trolleys to risk: Models for ethical autonomous driving Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Goodall, N.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Pages: 496 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303672_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Divergent trends in US maternity and paternity leave, 1994-2015 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Zagorsky, J.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 460-465 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the number and type of US workers taking maternity or paternity leave. Methods. We created a publicly available ecological long-term series for measuring parental leave from 1994 to 2015 by using the Current Population Survey, which interviews about 60 000 randomly selected households monthly. Results. The average month from 1994 to 2015 saw 273 000 women and 13 000 men on maternity or paternity leave. Maternity leave rates per 10 000 births showed no trend over 22 years (mean = 677.6). Paternity figures increased by a factor of 3, but started from a small base (14.7-54.6).We observed no national impact on maternity or paternity leave after implementation of state laws that provided paid leave. About half (51.1%) of employees on maternity or paternity leave during 2015 received paid time off.The typical woman on maternity leave was older, more likely married, more likely non-Hispanic White, and more educated than the typical woman who gave birth. Conclusions. Although the US economy has expanded dramatically since 1994, this improvement does not appear to have translated into more women taking maternity leave. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303607_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Food insecurity and chronic diseases among American Indians in rural Oklahoma: The THRIVE study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jernigan, V.B.B. Author-Name: Wetherill, M.S. Author-Name: Hearod, J. Author-Name: Jacob, T. Author-Name: Salvatore, A.L. Author-Name: Cannady, T. Author-Name: Grammar, M. Author-Name: Standridge, J. Author-Name: Fox, J. Author-Name: Spiegel, J. Author-Name: Wiley, A. Author-Name: Noonan, C. Author-Name: Buchwald, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 441-446 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605 Abstract: Objectives. To examine food insecurity and cardiovascular disease-related health outcomes among American Indians (AIs) in rural Oklahoma. Methods. We surveyed a cross-sectional sample of 513 AI adults to assess food insecurity domains (i.e., food quality and quantity) and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Results. Among AIs surveyed, 56% reported inadequate food quantity and 62% reported inadequate food quality.The unadjusted prevalence of diabetes (28.4% vs 18.4%), obesity (60.0% vs 48.3%), and hypertension (54.1% vs 41.6%) was higher among participants with inadequate food quantity than among those with adequate food quantity. These associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income. The unadjusted prevalence of obesity (60.7% vs 45.8%), diabetes (27.3% vs 18.8%), and hypertension (52.5% vs 42.5%) was higher among those with inadequate food quality than among those with adequate food quality, even after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income. Conclusions.Tribal, federal, and state policymakers, as well as businesses and nonprofit organizations, must collaboratively take aggressive action to address food insecurity and its underlying causes, including improving tribal food environments, reducing barriers to healthy foods, and increasing living wages. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Caveat partner: Sharing responsibility for health with the food industry Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Marks, J.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 360-361 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303646_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Quantifying disparities in urban firearm violence by race and place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A cartographic study Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Beard, J.H. Author-Name: Morrison, C.N. Author-Name: Jacoby, S.F. Author-Name: Dong, B. Author-Name: Smith, R. Author-Name: Sims, C.A. Author-Name: Wiebe, D.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 371-373 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620 Abstract: Objectives. To describe variability in the burden of firearm violence by race, income, and place in an urban context. Methods. We used Philadelphia Police Department data from 2013 to 2014 to calculate firearm assault rates within census block groups for both victim residence and event locations, stratifying by race and block group income. We used cartographic modeling to determine variations in incidence of firearm assault by race, neighborhood income, and place. Results. The overall rate of firearm assault was 5.0 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 5.6) for Black people compared with White people. Firearm assault rates were higher among Black people across all victim residence incomes. Relative risk of firearm assault reached 15.8 times higher (95% CI = 10.7, 23.2) for Black residents in the highest-income block groups when compared with high-income White individuals. Firearm assault events tended to occur in low-income areas and were concentrated in several "hot spot" locations with high proportions of Black residents. Conclusions. Profound disparity in exposure to firearm violence by race and place exists in Philadelphia. Black people were substantially more likely than White people to sustain firearm assault, regardless of neighborhood income. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303620_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social suffering, the painful wounds inside Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Giacaman, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 357 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303637_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Choosing health equity: Investing in optimal and equitable health for all Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rust, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 361-363 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303645_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Standing vs sitting time in stand-biased classrooms Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Chubbs, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e4 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303617_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Why peer crowds matter: Incorporating youth subcultures and values in health education campaigns Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Moran, M.B. Author-Name: Walker, M.W. Author-Name: Alexander, T.N. Author-Name: Jordan, J.W. Author-Name: Wagner, D.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 389-395 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595 Abstract: Grounded on research showing that peer crowds vary in risk behavior, several recent health behavior interventions, including the US Food and Drug Administration'sFreshEmpirecampaign, have targeted high-risk peer crowds. We establish the scientific foundations for using this approach. We introducepeer crowd targeting as a strategy for culturally targeting health behavior interventions to youths. We use social identity and social norms theory to explicate the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. We describe Fresh Empire to demonstrate how peer crowd targeting functions in a campaign and critically evaluate the benefits and limitations of this approach. By replacing unhealthy behavioral norms with desirable, healthy lifestyles, peer crowd-targeted interventions can create a lasting impact that resonates in the target audience's culture. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303595_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The effect of minimum wages on adolescent fertility: A nationwide analysis Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bullinger, L.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 447-452 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the effect of minimum wage laws on adolescent birth rates in the United States. Methods. I used a difference-in-differences approach and vital statistics data measured quarterly at the state level from 2003 to 2014. All models included state covariates, state and quarter-year fixed effects, and state-specific quarter-year nonlinear time trends, which provided plausibly causal estimates of the effect of minimum wage on adolescent birth rates. Results. A $1 increase in minimum wage reduces adolescent birth rates by about 2%. The effects are driven by non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adolescents. Conclusions. Nationwide, increasing minimum wages by $1 would likely result in roughly 5000 fewer adolescent births annually. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303604_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Suicide deaths with opioid poisoning in the United States: 1999-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Braden, J.B. Author-Name: Edlund, M.J. Author-Name: Sullivan, M.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 421-426 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591 Abstract: Objectives.To describe trends in suicides with opioid poisoning noted as a contributing cause of death. Methods. Using National Vital Statistics data (1999-2014), we calculated age-adjusted rates of suicide with opioid poisoning (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes T40.0-T40.4) per 100 000 population per year and annual percentage change (APC) in rates. We used Joinpoint regression to examine trends in suicide rates and proportion of suicides involving opioids. Results. The annual age-adjusted death rate from suicide with opioid poisoning as a contributing cause of death increased from 0.3 per 100 000 in 1999 to 0.7 per 100 000 in 2009 (APC = 8.1%; P < .001), and remained at 0.6 to 0.7 per 100 000 through 2014. The percentage of all suicides with opioid poisoning listed as a contributing cause of death increased from 2.2% in 1999 to 4.4% in 2010 (P < .001). Rates were similar for men and women, higher among Whites than non-Whites, higher in the West, and highest for individuals aged 45 to 64 years. Conclusions. Opioid involvement in suicides has doubled since 1999. These analyses underscore the need for health care providers to assess suicidal risk in patients receiving opioids. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bridging the response to mass shootings and urban violence: Exposure to violence in new haven, Connecticut Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Santilli, A. Author-Name: Duffany, K.O. Author-Name: Carroll-Scott, A. Author-Name: Thomas, J. Author-Name: Greene, A. Author-Name: Arora, A. Author-Name: Agnoli, A. Author-Name: Gan, G. Author-Name: Ickovics, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 374-379 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613 Abstract: We have described self-reported exposure to gun violence in an urban community of color to inform the movement toward a public health approach to gun violence prevention. The Community Alliance for Research and Engagement at Yale School of Public Health conducted community health needs assessments to document chronic disease prevalence and risk, including exposure to gun violence. We conducted surveys with residents in six low-income neighborhoods in New Haven, Connecticut, using a neighborhood-stratified, population-based sample (n=1189; weighted sample to represent the neighborhoods, n = 29 675). Exposure to violence is pervasive in these neighborhoods: 73% heard gunshots; many had family members or close friends hurt (29%)or killed (18%)by violent acts. Although all respondents live in low-income neighborhoods, exposure to violence differs by race/ ethnicity and social class. Residents of color experienced significantly more violence than did White residents, with a particularly disparate increase among young Black men aged 18 to 34 years. While not ignoring societal costs of horrific mass shootings, we must be clear that a public health approach to gun violence prevention means focusingonthedualepidemicofmass shootings and urban violence. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303613_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Academic public health and the firearm crisis: An agenda for action Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Branas, C.C. Author-Name: Flescher, A. Author-Name: Formica, M.K. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Hennig, N. Author-Name: Liller, K.D. Author-Name: Madanat, H.N. Author-Name: Park, A. Author-Name: Rosenthal, J.E. Author-Name: Ying, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 365-367 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303619_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Stampfer et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stampfer, M. Author-Name: Grodstein, F. Author-Name: Willett, W. Author-Name: Eliassen, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e3 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303610_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Changing patterns in rates and means of suicide in California, 2005 to 2013 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Matthay, E.C. Author-Name: Galin, J. Author-Name: Ahern, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 427-429 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624 Abstract: Objectives. To describe recent trends in suicide throughout California and to compare rates and methods of suicide ("means") across demographic groups. Methods. Data from statewide mortality records were used to estimate age-adjusted rates of suicide from 2005 to 2013, overall and by means, age, gender, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and county. Results. The suicide rate increased 12.6% between 2005 and 2013, from 11.2 to 12.6 per 100 000 population, but this overall trend masks substantial heterogeneity across subgroups. In particular, rapid increases were observed for individuals of multiple races/ ethnicities. Means of suicide changed, trending away from firearms toward suffocation and drug poisoning. Conclusions. High-risk groups and means of suicide are changing rapidly in California, so appropriate public health programming should prioritize populationbased strategies. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303624_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The inmate exception and reform of correctional health care Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fiscella, K. Author-Name: Beletsky, L. Author-Name: Wakeman, S.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 384-385 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303626_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public health of consequence: Let's ask about who benefits Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cerdá, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 396-397 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303642_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Regarding intimate partner victimization and health risk behaviors among pregnant adolescents Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Joseph, V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e1 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303586_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Wendel and Benden respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wendel, M.L. Author-Name: Benden, M.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e4-e5 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303618_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the March 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 363-364 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303638_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mass shootings: The role of the media in promoting generalized imitation Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Meindl, J.N. Author-Name: Ivy, J.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 368-370 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611 Abstract: Mass shootings are a particular problem in the United States, with one mass shooting occurring approximately every 12.5 days. Recently a "contagion" effect has been suggested wherein the occurrence of one mass shooting increases the likelihood of another mass shooting occurring in the near future. Although contagion is a convenient metaphor used to describe the temporal spread of a behavior, it does not explain how the behavior spreads. Generalized imitation is proposed as a better model to explain how one person's behavior can influence another person to engage in similar behavior. Here we provide an overview of generalized imitation and discuss how the way in which the media report a mass shooting can increase the likelihood of another shooting event. Also, we propose media reporting guidelines to minimize imitation and further decrease the likelihood of a mass shooting. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303611_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Practice-based evidence in community guide systematic reviews Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vaidya, N. Author-Name: Thota, A.B. Author-Name: Proia, K.K. Author-Name: Jamieson, S. Author-Name: Mercer, S.L. Author-Name: Elder, R.W. Author-Name: Yoon, P. Author-Name: Kaufmann, R. Author-Name: Zaza, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 413-420 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583 Abstract: Objectives. To assess the relative contributions and quality of practice-based evidence (PBE) and research-based evidence (RBE) in The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide). Methods. We developed operational definitions for PBE and RBE in which the main distinguishing feature was whether allocation of participants to intervention and comparison conditions was under the control of researchers (RBE) or not (PBE). We conceptualized a continuum between RBE and PBE.Wethen categorized 3656 studies in 202 reviews completed since The Community Guide began in 1996. Results. Fifty-four percent of studies were PBE and 46% RBE. Community-based and policy reviews had more PBE. Health care system and programmatic reviews had more RBE. The majority of both PBE and RBE studies were of high quality according to Community Guide scoring methods. Conclusions. The inclusion of substantial PBE in Community Guide reviews suggests that evidence of adequate rigor to inform practice is being produced. This should increase stakeholders' confidence that The Community Guide provides recommendations with real-world relevance. Limitations in some PBE studies suggest a need for strengthening practice-relevant designs and external validity reporting standards. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303583_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Recent increases in cocaine-related overdose deaths and the role of opioids Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jones, C.M. Author-Name: Baldwin, G.T. Author-Name: Compton, W.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 430-432 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627 Abstract: Objectives. To assess trends in cocaine overdose deaths and examine the role opioids play in these deaths. Methods. We used data on drug overdose deaths in the United States from 2000 to 2015 collected in the National Vital Statistics System to calculate annual rates and numbers of cocaine-related overdose deaths overall and deaths both involving and not involving opioids. We assessed statistically significant changes in trends with joinpoint regression. Results. Rates of cocaine-related overdose deaths increased significantly from 1.26 to 2.50 per 100 000 population from 2000 to 2006, declined to 1.35 in 2010, and increased to 2.13 in 2015. Cocaine-related overdose deaths involving opioids increased from 0.37 to 0.91 from 2000 to 2006, declined to 0.57 in 2010, and then increased to 1.36 in 2015. Cocaine-related overdose deaths not involving opioids increased from 0.89 to 1.59 from 2000 to 2006 and then declined to 0.78 in 2015. Conclusions. Opioids, primarily heroin and synthetic opioids, have been driving the recent increase in cocaine-relatedoverdosedeaths.This corresponds to thegrowing supply anduseof heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303627_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Screening for shortness of breath: Stretching the screening paradigm to tertiary prevention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pesola, G.R. Author-Name: Forde, A.T. Author-Name: Ahsan, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 386-388 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303625_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Civil legal services and medical-legal partnerships needed by the homeless population: A national survey Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tsai, J. Author-Name: Jenkins, D. Author-Name: Lawton, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 398-401 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596 Abstract: Objectives. To examine civil legal needs among people experiencing homelessness and the extent to which medical-legal partnerships exist in homeless service sites, which promote the integration of civil legal aid professionals into health care settings. Methods. We surveyed a national sample of 48 homeless service sites across 26 states in November 2015.The survey asked about needs, attitudes, and practices related to civil legal issues, including medical-legal partnerships. Results. More than 90% of the homeless service sites reported that their patients experienced at least 1 civil legal issue, particularly around housing, employment, health insurance, and disability benefits. However, only half of all sites reported screening patients for civil legal issues, and only 10% had a medical-legal partnership. The large majority of sites reported interest in receiving training on screening for civil legal issues and developing medical-legal partnerships. Conclusions. There is great need and potential to deploy civil legal services in health settings to serve unstably housed populations. Training homeless service providers how to screen for civil legal issues and how to develop medical-legal partnerships would better equip them to provide comprehensive care. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303596_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Delivering on the promise of smoke-free public housing Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Levy, D.E. Author-Name: Adams, I.F. Author-Name: Adamkiewicz, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 380-383 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606 Abstract: On November 30, 2016, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) published a final rule mandating that public housing authorities it supports prohibit all smoking on their residential premises, including within residents' apartments. The primary rationale for this action was to protect nonsmoking residents from the harms of tobacco smoke exposure. Although the harms of secondhand smoke are clear and the potential for reducing nonsmoking residents' exposure is real, it will be no simple matter to successfully implement the policy requirements set down by HUD. Some challenges to policy implementation will apply to all public housing authorities, and others will be unique to specific settings. By being aware of the benefits of smoke-free public housing as well as the challenges inherent in complying with HUD's rule, public housing authorities stand the best chance of fulfilling the potential of this major policy initiative to significantly improve public health in a vulnerable population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303606_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Cardiometabolic mortality by supplemental nutrition assistance program participation and eligibility in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Conrad, Z. Author-Name: Rehm, C.D. Author-Name: Wilde, P. Author-Name: Mozaffarian, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 466-474 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants, SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, and SNAP-ineligible individuals overall and by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and other characteristics. Methods. We performed a prospective study with nationally representative survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000-2009), merged with subsequent Public-Use Linked Mortality Files (2000-2011). We used survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and gender to estimate hazard ratios of total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality for 499 741 US adults aged 25 years or older. Results. Over a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up (maximum 11.9 years), 39 293 deaths occurred, including 7408 heart disease, 2185 stroke, and 1376 diabetes deaths. Individuals participating in SNAP exhibited higher total and cardiovascular disease mortality, largely limited to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, than both SNAP-eligible nonparticipants and SNAP-ineligible individuals, and higher diabetes mortality across races/ethnicities (P>.01). Conclusions. Participants in SNAP require greater focus to understand and further address their poor health outcomes. Public Health Implications. Low-income Americans require even greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive, and such efforts should be a priority for public health policymakers. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community-based randomized trial of hepatitis b screening among high-risk Vietnamese Americans Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ma, G.X. Author-Name: Fang, C.Y. Author-Name: Seals, B. Author-Name: Feng, Z. Author-Name: Tan, Y. Author-Name: Siu, P. Author-Name: Yeh, M.C. Author-Name: Golub, S.A. Author-Name: Nguyen, M.T. Author-Name: Tran, T. Author-Name: Wang, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 433-440 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based liver cancer prevention program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among low-income, underserved Vietnamese Americans at high risk. Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized trial involving 36 Vietnamese community-based organizations and 2337 participants in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City between 2009 and 2014. We randomly assigned 18 community-based organizations to a community-based multilevel HBV screening intervention (n = 1131). We randomly assigned the remaining 18 community-based organizations to a general cancer education program (n = 1206), which included information about HBV-related liver cancer prevention. We assessed HBV screening rates at 6-month follow-up. Results. Intervention participants were significantly more likely to have undergone HBV screening (88.1%) than were control group participants (4.6%). In a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis, the intervention effect on screening outcomes remained statistically significant after adjustment for demographic and health care access variables, including income, having health insurance, having a regular health provider, and English proficiency. Conclusions. A community-based, culturally appropriate, multilevel HBV screening intervention effectively increases screening rates in a high-risk, hard-to-reach Vietnamese American population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303600_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Big food's ambivalence: Seeking profit and responsibility for health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Tempels, T. Author-Name: Verweij, M. Author-Name: Blok, V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 402-406 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601 Abstract: In this article, we critically reflect on the responsibilities that the food industry has for public health. Although food companies are often significant contributors to public health problems (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes), the mere possibility of corporate responsibility for public health seems to be excluded in the academic public health discourse. We argue that the behavior of several food companies reflects a split corporate personality, as they contribute to public health problems and simultaneously engage in activities to prevent them. By understanding responsibility for population health as a shared responsibility, we reassess the moral role of the food industry from a forward-looking perspective on responsibility and ask what food companies can and should do to promote health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303601_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The nurses' health study and nurses: Beyond specimens and questionnaires Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Birkhead, S.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e3 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303609_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Community health records: Establishing a systematic approach to improving social and physical determinants of health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Van Brunt, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 407-412 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602 Abstract: To systematically improve population health in the United States, community health records (CHRs) must be defined, developed, and implemented. Like electronic and personal health records, CHRs have both unique and overlapping information. CHRs contain data about communities, including the social, physical, and lifestyle determinants of health. These records will serve to complement electronic andpersonal health records to provide a more complete view of population health, allowing stakeholders to target community health and quality-of-life interventions in a data-driven and evidence-based manner, establishing the basis from which organizations can develop a systematic approach to improving community health. This commentary calls on the United States to conduct a set of consensus activities to define and implement CHRs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303602_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: UDO et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Udo, I.E. Author-Name: Lewis, J.B. Author-Name: Tobin, J.N. Author-Name: Ickovics, J.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: e1-e2 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303587_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Multilevel prevention trial of alcohol use among American Indian and white high school students in the Cherokee nation Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Komro, K.A. Author-Name: Livingston, M.D. Author-Name: Wagenaar, A.C. Author-Name: Kominsky, T.K. Author-Name: Pettigrew, D.W. Author-Name: Garrett, B.A. Author-Name: Boyd, B.J. Author-Name: Boyd, M.L. Author-Name: Livingston, B.J. Author-Name: Lynne, S.D. Author-Name: Molina, M.M. Author-Name: Merlo, L.J. Author-Name: Tobler, A.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 3 Pages: 453-459 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a multilevel intervention designed to prevent underage alcohol use among youths living in the Cherokee Nation. Methods. We randomly assigned 6 communities to a control, Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA; a community-organizing intervention targeting alcohol access) only, CONNECT (a school-based universal screening and brief intervention) only, or a combined condition. We collected quarterly surveys 2012-2015 from students starting in 9th and 10th grades and ending in 11th and 12th grades. Response rates ranged from 83% to 90%; 46% of students were American Indian (of which 80% were Cherokee) and 46% were White only. Results. Students exposed to CMCA, CONNECT, and both showed a significant reduction in the probability over time of 30-day alcohol use (25%, 22%, and 12% reduction, respectively) and heavy episodic drinking (24%, 19%, and 13% reduction) compared with students in the control condition, with variation in magnitude of effects over the 2.5-year intervention period. Conclusions. CMCA and CONNECT are effective interventions for reducing alcohol use among American Indian and other youths living in rural communities. Challenges remain for sustaining intervention effects. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303603_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the February 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 203-204 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303592_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Children Need Sufficient Time to Eat School Lunch Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Harrell, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 198 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303584_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The progress of US hospitals in addressing community health needs Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Cramer, G.R. Author-Name: Singh, S.R. Author-Name: Flaherty, S. Author-Name: Young, G.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 255-261 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570 Abstract: Objectives. To identify how US tax-exempt hospitals are progressing in regard to community health needs assessment (CHNA) implementation following the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods.We analyzed data on more than 1500 tax-exempt hospitals in 2013 to assess patterns in CHNA implementation and to determine whether a hospital's institutional and community characteristics are associated with greater progress. Results. Our findings show wide variation among hospitals in CHNA implementation. Hospitals operating as part of a health system as well as hospitals participating in a Medicare accountable care organization showed greater progress in CHNA implementation whereas hospitals serving a greater proportion of uninsured showed less progress. We also found that hospitals reporting the highest level of CHNA implementation progress spent more on community health improvement. Conclusions. Hospitals widely embraced the regulations to perform a CHNA. Less is known about how hospitals are moving forward to improve population health through the implementation of programs to meet identified community needs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303570_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lifetime prevalence of investigating child maltreatment among US children Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kim, H. Author-Name: Wildeman, C. Author-Name: Jonson-Reid, M. Author-Name: Drake, B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 274-280 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545 Abstract: Objectives. To estimate the lifetime prevalence of official investigations for child maltreatment among children in the United States. Methods. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files (2003-2014) and Census data to develop synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of reported childhood maltreatment. We extend previous work, which explored only confirmed rates of maltreatment, and we add new estimations of maltreatment by subtype, age, and ethnicity. Results. We estimate that 37.4% of all children experience a child protective services investigation by age18years.Consistent with previous literature, we found a higher rate for African American children (53.0%) and the lowest rate for Asians/Pacific Islanders (10.2%). Conclusions. Child maltreatment investigations are more common than is generally recognized when viewed across the lifespan. Building on other recent work, our data suggest a critical need for increased preventative and treatment resources in the area of child maltreatment. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Incidence of mental health diagnoses in veterans of operations Iraqi freedom, enduring freedom, and new dawn, 2001-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ramsey, C. Author-Name: Dziura, J. Author-Name: Justice, A.C. Author-Name: Altalib, H.H. Author-Name: Bathulapalli, H. Author-Name: Burg, M. Author-Name: Decker, S. Author-Name: Driscoll, M. Author-Name: Goulet, J. Author-Name: Haskell, S. Author-Name: Kulas, J. Author-Name: Wang, K.H. Author-Name: Mattocks, K. Author-Name: Brandt, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 329-335 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate gender, age, and race/ethnicity as predictors of incident mental health diagnoses among Operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and New Dawn veterans. Methods. We used US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health records from 2001 to 2014 to examine incidence rates and socio demographic risk factors for mental health diagnoses among 888 142 veterans. Results. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequently diagnosed mental health condition across gender and age groups. Incidence rates for all mental health diagnoses were highest at ages 18 to 29 years and declined thereafter, with the exceptions of major depressive disorder (MDD) in both genders, and PTSD among women. Risk of incident bipolar disorder and MDD diagnoses were greater among women; risk of incident schizophrenia, and alcohol- and drug-use disorders diagnoses were greater in men. Compared with Whites, risk incident PTSD, MDD, and alcohol-use disorder diagnoses were lower at ages 18 to 29 years and higher at ages 45 to 64 years for both Hispanics and African Americans. Conclusions. Differentiating high-risk demographic and gender groups can lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of mental health diagnoses among veterans and other high-risk groups. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303574_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Familial factors, victimization, and psychological health among sexual minority adolescents in Sweden Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Donahue, K. Author-Name: Långström, N. Author-Name: Lundström, S. Author-Name: Lichtenstein, P. Author-Name: Forsman, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 322-328 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573 Abstract: Objectives.To determine the influences of victimization experience and familial factors on the association between sexual minority status and psychological health outcomes among adolescents. Methods. We used data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, a prospective, population-based study of all twins born in Sweden since 1992. Cross-sectional analyses included individuals who completed assessments at age 18 years (n = 4898) from 2000 to 2013. We also compared psychological health among sexual minority adolescents and their nonminority co-twins. Results. Sexual minority adolescents were more likely than were unrelated nonminority adolescents to report victimization experiences, including emotional abuse, physical abuse or neglect, and sexual abuse. Sexual minority adolescents also reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disordered eating, and substance misuse in addition to increased parent-reported behavior problems. Victimization experience partially mediated these associations. However, when controlling for unmeasured familial confounding factors by comparing sexual minority adolescents to their same-sex, nonminority co-twins, the effect of sexual minority status on psychological health was almost entirely attenuated. Conclusions. Familial factors - common genetic or environmental influences - may explain decreased psychological adjustment among sexual minority adolescents. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303573_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How has legal recreational cannabis affected adolescents in your state? A window of opportunity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ewing, S.W.F. Author-Name: Lovejoy, T.I. Author-Name: Choo, E.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 246-247 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303585_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transgender demographics: A household probability sample of US adults, 2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Crissman, H.P. Author-Name: Berger, M.B. Author-Name: Graham, L.F. Author-Name: Dalton, V.K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 213-215 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571 Abstract: Objectives.To estimate the proportion of US adults who identify as transgender and to compare the demographics of the transgender and nontransgender populations. Methods.We conducted a secondary analysis of data from states and territories in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System that asked about transgender status. The proportion of adults identified as transgender was calculated from affirmative and negative responses (n = 151 456). We analyzed data with a design-adjusted Χ2 test. We also explored differences between male-to-female and nontransgender females and female-to-male and nontransgender males. Results.Transgender individuals made up 0.53% (95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.61) of the population and were more likely to be non-White (40.0% vs 27.3%) and below the poverty line (26.0% vs 15.5%); as likely to be married (50.5% vs 47.7%), living in a rural area (28.7% vs 22.6%), and employed (54.3% vs 57.7%); and less likely to attend college (35.6% vs 56.6%) compared with nontransgender individuals. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the transgender population is a racially diverse population present across US communities. Inequalities in the education and socioeconomic status have negative implications for the health of the transgender population. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303571_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The health of the transgender community: Out, proud, and coming into their own Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Landers, S. Author-Name: Kapadia, F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 205-206 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303599_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys: Disparities by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Blashill, A.J. Author-Name: Calzo, J.P. Author-Name: Griffiths, S. Author-Name: Murray, S.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 319-321 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys as a function of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods. We analyzed boys from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 6248; mean age = 16), a representative sample of US high school students. Lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse was dichotomized as never versus 1 or more times. Results. Sexual minority boys reported elevated misuse compared with heterosexual boys, within each level of race/ethnicity. Black, Hispanic, and White sexual minority boys reported misuse at approximately 25%, 20%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in anabolic steroid misuse disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic sexual minority adolescent boys, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these disparities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303566_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Introduction to a reprint of Emilia Lombardi's "enhancing transgender health care" Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brown, T.M. Author-Name: Fee, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 232-233 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303598_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The association of a large-scale television campaign with exclusive breastfeeding prevalence in Vietnam Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nguyen, T.T. Author-Name: Alayón, S. Author-Name: Jimerson, A. Author-Name: Naugle, D. Author-Name: Nguyen, P.H. Author-Name: Hajeebhoy, N. Author-Name: Baker, J. Author-Name: Baume, C. Author-Name: Frongillo, E.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 312-318 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the association between exposure to breastfeeding television spots and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Methods. We performed face-to-face interviews with 11 722 mothers of infants younger than 6 months using 5 cross-sectional surveys 6 or more months apart between 2011 and 2014 in Vietnam. Sample sizes were 2065 to 2593, and approximately 50% of participants lived in areas with (Alive & Thrive [A&T]-intensive [I]) and approximately 50% without (A&T-nonintensive [NI]) facilities offering counseling services. We analyzed data at individual and commune levels separately for A&T-I and A&T-NI areas. Results. Exposure to television spots was associated with higher EBF in A&T-I (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.70, 4.12) and A&T-NI (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67) areas. In A&T-I areas, mothers who could recall at least 1 message were more likely to report EBF. In A&T-NI areas, only recall of at least 3 messages was associated with higher EBF. In communes, 1 message recalled (mean score range = 0.3-2.4) corresponded to 17 (P = .005) and 8 (P = .1) percentage points higher EBF prevalence in A&T-I and A&T-NI communes, respectively. Conclusions. Massmedia should be part of comprehensive programs to promote EBF. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303561_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: More states should regulate pain management clinics to promote public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rutkow, L. Author-Name: Vernick, J.S. Author-Name: Alexander, G.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 240-243 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303568_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Neumann, M.S. Author-Name: Finlayson, T.J. Author-Name: Pitts, N.L. Author-Name: Keatley, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 207-212 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509 Abstract: Transgender persons are at high risk for HIV infection, but prevention efforts specifically targeting these people have been minimal. Part of the challenge of HIV prevention for transgender populations is that numerous individual, interpersonal, social, and structural factors contribute to their risk. By combining HIV prevention services with complementary medical, legal, and psychosocial services, transgender persons' HIV risk behaviors, risk determinants, and overall health can be affected simultaneously. For maximum health impact, comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons warrants efforts targeted to various impact levels - socioeconomic factors, decision-making contexts, long-lasting protections, clinical interventions, and counseling and education. We present current HIV prevention efforts that reach transgender persons and present others for future consideration. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The contagious spread of violence among US adolescents through social networks Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bond, R.M. Author-Name: Bushman, B.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 288-294 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550 Abstract: Objectives. To test the hypothesis that violence among US adolescents spreads like a contagious disease through social networks. Methods. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 90 118 US students aged 12 to 18 years who were involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Violence was assessed by having participants report the number of times in the preceding 12 months they had been involved in a serious physical fight, had hurt someone badly, and had pulled a weapon on someone. Results. Participants were 48% more likely to have been involved in a serious fight, 183% more likely to have hurt someone badly, and 140% more likely to have pulled a weapon on someone if a friend had engaged in the same behavior. The influence spread up to 4 degrees of separation (i.e., friend of friend of friend of friend) for serious fights, 2 degrees for hurting someone badly, and 3 degrees for pulling a weapon on someone. Conclusions. Adolescents were more likely to engage in violent behavior if their friends did the same, and contagion of violence extended beyond immediate friends to friends of friends. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303550_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: US traffic fatalities, 1985-2014, and their relationship to medical marijuana laws Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Santaella-Tenorio, J. Author-Name: Mauro, C.M. Author-Name: Wall, M.M. Author-Name: Kim, J.H. Author-Name: Cerdá, M. Author-Name: Keyes, K.M. Author-Name: Hasin, D.S. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Martins, S.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 336-342 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577 Abstract: Objectives. To determine the association of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) with traffic fatality rates. Methods. Using data from the 1985-2014 Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined the association between MMLs and traffic fatalities in multilevel regression models while controlling for contemporaneous secular trends. We examined this association separately for each state enacting MMLs. We also evaluated the association between marijuana dispensaries and traffic fatalities. Results. On average, MML states had lower traffic fatality rates than non-MML states. Medical marijuana laws were associated with immediate reductions in traffic fatalities in those aged 15 to 24 and 25 to 44 years, and with additional yearly gradual reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. However, state-specific results showed that only 7 states experienced post-MML reductions. Dispensaries were also associated with traffic fatality reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. Conclusions. Both MMLs and dispensaries were associated with reductions in traffic fatalities, especially among those aged 25 to 44 years. State-specific analysis showed heterogeneity of the MML-traffic fatalities association, suggesting moderation by other local factors. These findings could influence policy decisions on the enactment or repealing of MMLs and how they are implemented. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303577_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police, 2010-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Buehler, J.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 295-297 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575 Abstract: Objectives. To update previous examinations of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police. Methods. I examined online national vital statistics data for deaths assigned an underlying cause of "legal intervention" (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, external-cause-of-injury codes Y35.0-Y35.7, excluding Y35.5 [legal execution]) for the 5-year period 2010 to 2014. Results. Death certificates identified 2285 legal intervention deaths (1.5 per million population per year) from 2010 to 2014. Among males aged 10 years or older, who represented 96% of these deaths, the mortality rate among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals was 2.8 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than that among White individuals. Conclusions. Substantial racial/ethnic disparities in legal intervention deaths remain an ongoing problem in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sokolow et al. Respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sokolow, S. Author-Name: Godwin, H. Author-Name: Cole, B.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: e9-e10 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303572_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effect of medicaid expansion on workforce participation for people with disabilities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hall, J.P. Author-Name: Shartzer, A. Author-Name: Kurth, N.K. Author-Name: Thomas, K.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 262-264 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543 Abstract: Objectives. To use data from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) to examine differences in employment among community-living, working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) with disabilities who live in Medicaid expansion states and nonexpansion states. Methods. Analyses used difference-in-differences to compare trends in pooled, cross-sectional estimates of employment by state expansion status for 2740 HRMS respondents reporting a disability, adjusting for individual and state characteristics. Results. After the Affordable Care Act (ACA), respondents in expansion states were significantly more likely to be employed compared with those in nonexpansion states (38.0% vs 31.9%; P = .011). Conclusions. Prior to the ACA, many people with disabilities were required to live in poverty to maintain their Medicaid eligibility. With Medicaid expansion, they can now enter the workforce, increase earnings, and maintain coverage. Public Health Implications. Medicaid expansion may improve employment for people with disabilities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303543_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Could the president and congress precipitate a public health crisis? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fox, D.M. Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Grogan, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 234-235 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303597_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Carbon footprint of water in California Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Andrew, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: e9 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303569_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Incarceration rates and traits of sexual minorities in the United States: National inmate survey, 2011-2012 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Meyer, I.H. Author-Name: Flores, A.R. Author-Name: Stemple, L. Author-Name: Romero, A.P. Author-Name: Wilson, B.D.M. Author-Name: Herman, J.L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 267-273 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576 Abstract: Objectives. To report characteristics of sexual minority US inmates. Methods. We drew our data from the National Inmate Survey, 2011-2012, a probability sample of inmates in US prisons and jails. We determined weighted proportions and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to estimate differences between sexual minority and heterosexual inmates. Results. Sexual minorities (those who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or report a same-sex sexual experience before arrival at the facility) were disproportionately incarcerated: 9.3% of men in prison, 6.2% of men in jail, 42.1% of women in prison, and 35.7% of women in jail were sexual minorities. The incarceration rate of self-identified lesbian, gay, or bisexual persons was 1882 per 100 000, more than 3 times that of the US adult population. Compared with straight inmates, sexual minorities were more likely to have been sexually victimized as children, to have been sexually victimized while incarcerated, to have experienced solitary confinement and other sanctions, and to report current psychological distress. Conclusions. There is disproportionate incarceration, mistreatment, harsh punishment, and sexual victimization of sexual minority inmates, which calls for special public policy and health interventions. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303576_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transgender population size in the United States: A meta-regression of population-based probability samples Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Meerwijk, E.L. Author-Name: Sevelius, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: e1-e8 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578 Abstract: Background. Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The population size of transgender individuals in the United States is not well-known, in part because official records, including the US Census, do not include data on gender identity. Population surveys today more often collect trans-gender inclusive gender-identity data, and secular trends in culture and the media have created a somewhat more favorable environment for transgender people. Objectives. To estimate the current population size of transgender individuals in the United States and evaluate any trend over time. Search methods. In June and July 2016, we searched PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science for national surveys, as well as "gray" literature, through an Internet search. We limited the search to 2006 through 2016. Selection criteria. We selected population-based surveys that used probability sampling and included self-reported transgender-identity data. Data collection and analysis. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool eligible surveys and used meta-regression to address our hypothesis that the transgender population size estimate would increase over time. We used subsample and leave-one-out analysis to assess for bias. Main results. Our meta-regression model, based on 12 surveys covering 2007 to 2015, explained 62.5% of model heterogeneity, with a significant effect for each unit increase in survey year (F = 17.122; df = 1,10; b = 0.026%; P = .002). Extrapolating these results to 2016 suggested a current US population size of 390 adults per 100 000, or almost 1 million adults nationally. This estimate may be more indicative for younger adults, who represented more than 50% of the respondents in our analysis. Authors' conclusions. Future national surveys are likely to observe higher numbers of transgender people. The large variety in questions used to ask about transgender identity may account for residual heterogeneity in our models. Public health implications. Under- or non-representation of transgender individuals in population surveys is a barrier to understanding social determinants and health disparities faced by this population. We recommend using standardized questions to identify respondents with transgender and nonbinary gender identities, which will allow a more accurate population size estimate. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Polls, the election, and public health research: Reaching the hard to reach Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Van Lenthe, F.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 237-238 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303588_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Shaping a new field: Three key challenges for population health science Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bachrach, C.A. Author-Name: Daley, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 251-252 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303580_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Toward developing clinical competence: Improving health care of gender diverse people Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Dickey, L.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 222-223 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303581_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The transgender women of color initiative: Implementing and evaluating innovative interventions to enhance engagement and retention in HIV care Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rebchook, G. Author-Name: Keatley, J. Author-Name: Contreras, R. Author-Name: Perloff, J. Author-Name: Molano, L.F. Author-Name: Reback, C.J. Author-Name: Ducheny, K. Author-Name: Nemoto, T. Author-Name: Lin, R. Author-Name: Birnbaum, J. Author-Name: Woods, T. Author-Name: Xavier, J. Author-Name: Shade, S. Author-Name: Maiorana, A. Author-Name: Sevelius, J. Author-Name: Deutsch, M. Author-Name: Chakravarty, D. Author-Name: Gutierrez-Mock, L. Author-Name: Ferguson, S. Author-Name: Bockting, W. Author-Name: Galvan, F. Author-Name: Paul, J. Author-Name: Kuhns, L. Author-Name: Weissman, M. Author-Name: Hirschfield, S. Author-Name: Fletcher, J.B. Author-Name: Kisler, K. Author-Name: Motherwell, V. Author-Name: Swartz, J. Author-Name: Iwamoto, M. Author-Name: Suzuki, S. Author-Name: Tryon, J. Author-Name: Franza, K. Author-Name: Lee, J. Author-Name: Eastwood, B. Author-Name: Wilson, E. Author-Name: Arayasirikul, S. Author-Name: Cajina, A. Author-Name: Nguyen, C. Author-Name: Solomon-Brimage, N. Author-Name: Tinsley, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 224-229 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582 Abstract: To improve health outcomes among transgender women of color living with HIV, the Health Resources and Services Administration's Special Programs of National Significance program funded the Enhancing Engagement and Retention in Quality HIV Care for Transgender Women of Color Initiative in 2012. Nine demonstration projects in four US urban areas implemented innovative, theory-based interventions specifically targeting transgender women of color in their jurisdictions. An evaluation and technical assistance center was funded to evaluate the outcomes of the access to care interventions, and these findings will yield best practices and lessons learned to improve the care and treatment of transgender women of color living with HIV infection. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303582_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in walking and cycling safety: Recent evidence from high-income countries, with a focus on the United States and Germany Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Buehler, R. Author-Name: Pucher, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 281-287 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546 Abstract: Objectives. To examine changes in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities per capita (1990-2014) and per kilometer (2000-2010) in selected high-income countries, and in fatalities and serious injuries per kilometer by age in the United States and Germany (2001-2009). Methods. We used Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development data to estimate 5-year annual averages of per-capita fatalities relative to the 1990-1994 average. To control for exposure, we divided fatalities and serious injuries by kilometers of walking or cycling per year for countries with comparable data from national household travel surveys. Results. Most countries have reduced pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates per capita and per kilometer. The serious injuries data show smaller declines or even increases in rates per kilometer. There are large differences by age group in fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer, with seniors having the highest rates. The United States has much higher fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer than the other countries examined, and has made the least progress in reducing per-capita fatality rates. Conclusions. The United States must greatly improve walking and cycling conditions. All countries should focus safety programs on seniors and children. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303546_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Universal health coverage and public health: Ensuring parity and complementarity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ottersen, T. Author-Name: Schmidt, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 248-250 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303590_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact of a text-messaging programon adolescent reproductive health: A cluster-randomized trial in Ghana Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Rokicki, S. Author-Name: Cohen, J. Author-Name: Salomon, J.A. Author-Name: Fink, G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 298-305 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate whether text-messaging programs can improve reproductive health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial among 756 female students aged 14 to 24 years in Accra, Ghana, in 2014. We randomized 38 schools to unidirectional intervention (n = 12), interactive intervention (n = 12), and control (n = 14). The unidirectional intervention sent participants text messages with reproductive health information. The interactive intervention engaged adolescents in text-messaging reproductive health quizzes. The primary study outcome was reproductive health knowledge at 3 and 15 months. Additional outcomes included self-reported pregnancy and sexual behavior. Analysis was by intent-to-treat. Results. From baseline to 3months, the unidirectional intervention increased knowledge by 11 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI]= 7, 15) and the interactive intervention by 24 percentage points (95% CI = 19, 28), from a control baseline of 26%. Although we found no changes in reproductive health outcomes overall, both unidirectional (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.71) and interactive interventions (OR= 0.15; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.86) lowered odds of self-reported pregnancy for sexually active participants. Conclusions. Text-messaging programs can lead to large improvements in reproductive health knowledge and have the potential to lower pregnancy risk for sexually active adolescent girls. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Leveraging housing vouchers to address health disparities Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Miles, D.R.B. Author-Name: Samuels, B. Author-Name: Pollack, C.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 238-240 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303565_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Eliminating coverage discrimination through the essential health benefit's anti-discrimination provisions Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Guo, E. Author-Name: Jacobs, D.B. Author-Name: Kesselheim, A.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 253-254 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303563_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lessons from a 2016 large-scale contamination of cereals with Salmonella altona in Israel Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kopel, E. Author-Name: Davidovitch, N. Author-Name: Levine, H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 243-245 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303567_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lost in E-cigarette clouds: A culture on the rise Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Jarmul, S. Author-Name: Aherrera, A. Author-Name: Rule, A.M. Author-Name: Olmedo, P. Author-Name: Chen, R. Author-Name: Navas-Acien, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 265-266 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303463_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How will public health fare in a trump administration? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wilensky, G.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 235-237 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303594_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Human trafficking of minors and childhood adversity in Florida Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Reid, J.A. Author-Name: Baglivio, M.T. Author-Name: Piquero, A.R. Author-Name: Greenwald, M.A. Author-Name: Epps, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 306-311 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the link between human trafficking of minors and childhood adversity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cumulative childhood adversity (ACE score) among a sample of 913 juvenile justice-involved boys and girls in Florida for whom the Florida child abuse hotline accepted human trafficking abuse reports between 2009 and 2015 with those of a matched sample. Results. ACE composite scores were higher and 6 ACEs indicative of child maltreatment were more prevalent among youths who had human trafficking abuse reports. Sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of human trafficking: the odds of human trafficking was 2.52 times greater for girls who experienced sexual abuse, and there was a 8.21 times greater risk for boys who had histories of sexual abuse. Conclusions. Maltreated youths are more susceptible to exploitation in human trafficking. Sexual abuse in connection with high ACE scores may serve as a key predictor of exploitation in human trafficking for both boys and girls. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303564_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transgender health: New Zealand's innovative statistical standard for gender identity Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pega, F. Author-Name: Reisner, S.L. Author-Name: Sell, R.L. Author-Name: Veale, J.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 2 Pages: 217-221 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465 Abstract: The implementation of the New Zealand government's recently developed statistical standard for gender identity has led to, and will stimulate further, collection of gender identity data in administrative records, population surveys, and perhaps the census. This will provide important information about the demographics, health service use, and health outcomes of transgender populations to allow evidence-based policy development and service planning. However, the standard does not promote the two-question method, risking misclassification and undercounts; does promote the use of the ambiguous response category "gender diverse" in standard questions; and is not intersex inclusive. Nevertheless, the statistical standard provides a first model for other countries and international organizations, including United Nations agencies, interested in policy tools for improving transgender people's health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303465_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Arnold et al. respond Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Arnold, B.F. Author-Name: Benjamin-Chung, J. Author-Name: Schiff, K.C. Author-Name: Griffith, J.F. Author-Name: Weisberg, S.B. Author-Name: Colford, J.M., Jr. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: e10-e11 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303505_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Systematic review: A method at risk for being corrupted Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bero, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 93-96 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518 Abstract: The production of systematic reviews is increasing, but their credibility is under threat. Although systematic reviews are an important tool for policymaking, their influence can be weakened by methodological problems and poor policy relevance. Using Cochrane as an example, I address standards for systematic reviews, the influence of special interests on these reviews, and ways to increase their relevance for policymakers. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303518_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A major shortcoming in the public health legacy of the Obama administration Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Zuckerman, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 29-30 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303559_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Breast and cervical cancer screening literacy among Korean American women: A community health worker-led intervention Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Han, H.-R. Author-Name: Song, Y. Author-Name: Kim, M. Author-Name: Hedlin, H.K. Author-Name: Kim, K. Author-Name: Lee, H.B. Author-Name: Roter, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 159-165 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522 Abstract: Objectives. To test a community health worker (CHW)-led health literacy intervention on mammogram and Papanicolaou test screening among Korean American women. Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial at 23 ethnic churches in the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, DC, metropolitan area between 2010 and 2014. Trained CHWs enrolled 560 women. The intervention group received an individually tailored cancer-screening brochure followed by CHW-led health literacy training and monthly telephone counseling with navigation assistance. Study outcomes included receipt of an age-appropriate cancer screening test, health literacy, cancer knowledge, and perceptions about cancer screening at 6 months. Results. The odds of having received a mammogram were 18.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2, 37.4) times higher in the intervention than in the control group, adjusting for covariates. The odds of receiving a Papanicolaou test were 13.3 (95% CI = 7.9, 22.3) times higher; the odds of receiving both tests were 17.4 (95% CI = 7.5, 40.3) times higher. Intervention effects also included increases in health literacy and positive perceptions about cancer screening. Conclusions. A health literacy-focused CHW intervention successfully promoted cancer-screening behaviors and related cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in Korean American women. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303522_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public health of consequence: Review of the January 2017 issue of AJPH Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Galea, S. Author-Name: Vaughan, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 17-18 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303540_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A public-private partnership to mitigate food insecurity and food waste in Orange County, California Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Garcia-Silva, B. Author-Name: Handler, E. Author-Name: Wolfe, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 105-107 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450 Abstract: Food insecurity is a global issue that arises owing to systemic socioeconomic inequities and environmental constraints. To highlight the existence and the extent of food insecurity and food waste, the Orange County Health Department in Orange County, California, created a coalition called "Waste Not Orange County." Orange County is the sixth most populous county in California and has the highest median income, yet 11.4% of those residing in Orange County are food insecure, and 24.0% live in poverty. The overall vision of the coalition is to mitigate hunger in Orange County by educating the community about food donations, identifying food-insecure individuals, and connecting those individuals to sources of food. We examine the coalition's impacts between 2014 and 2016. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303450_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What is a safe noise level for the public? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fink, D.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-45 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303527_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The impact of the affordable care act on health insurance coverage for Asian Americans Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Islam, N. Author-Name: Yi, S.S. Author-Name: Trinh-Shevrin, C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: e12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303530_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluating public health interventions: 5. Causal inference in public health research-do sex, race, and biological factors cause health outcomes? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Glymour, M.M. Author-Name: Spiegelman, D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 81-85 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539 Abstract: Counterfactual frameworks and statistical methods for supporting causal inference are powerful tools to clarify scientific questions and guide analyses in public health research. Counterfactual accounts of causation contrast what would happen to a population's health under alternative exposure scenarios. A long-standing debate in counterfactual theory relates to whether sex, race, and biological characteristics, including obesity, should be evaluated as causes, given that these variables do not directly correspond to clearly defined interventions. We argue that sex, race, and biological characteristics are important health determinants. Quantifying the overall health effects of these variables is often a natural starting point for disparities research. Subsequent assessments of biological or social pathways mediating those effects can facilitate the development of interventions designed to reduce disparities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303539_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Youth exposure to alcohol advertising in national magazines in the United States, 2001-2011 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Ross, C.S. Author-Name: Henehan, E.R. Author-Name: Jernigan, D.H. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 136-142 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514 Abstract: Objectives. To update public health surveillance of alcohol advertising to underage populations by assessing alcohol industry compliance with their voluntary guidelines for US magazine advertisements from 2001 to 2011. Methods. Using advertising industry standard sources The Nielsen Company and MediaMark, we evaluated youth exposure to alcohol advertising, and relative advertising exposure of youths versus adults, in 168 national magazines. Results. From 2001 to 2011, magazine alcohol advertising seen by youths declined by 62.9%, from 5.4 billion impressions (single person seeing a single advertisement) to 2.0 billion impressions. Most alcohol advertising (65.1% of ads) was for spirits (e.g., vodka, whiskey). Since 2008, alcohol companies achieved 100% compliance with their limited guidelines. However, youths were overexposed to magazine advertising relative to adults on average 73% of the time. Conclusions. Despite improving compliance with placement guidelines in national editions of the 168 measured magazines, most youth exposure to magazine alcohol advertising exceeded adult exposure, per capita. If alcohol companies adopted stricter guidelines based on public health risk assessments, youths would not be overexposed to alcohol advertising in magazines. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303514_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Why cognitive health matters Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Medalia, A. Author-Name: Erlich, M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 45-47 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303544_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What findings are needed to advocate personalized (precision) prevention of disease? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Weiss, N.S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 86-87 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303513_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gain in insurance coverage and residual uninsurance under the affordable care act: Texas, 2013-2016 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Pickett, S. Author-Name: Marks, E. Author-Name: Ho, V. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 120-126 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510 Abstract: Objectives.To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Marketplace on Texas residents and determine which population subgroups benefited the most and which the least. Methods. We analyzed insurance coverage rates among nonelderly Texas adults using the Health Reform Monitoring Survey-Texas from September 2013, just before the first open enrollment period in the Marketplace, through March 2016. Results. Texas has experienced a roughly 6-percentage-point increase in insurance coverage (from 74.7% to 80.6%; P= .012) after implementation of the major insurance provisions of the ACA.The 4 subgroupswith the largest increases in adjusted insurance coverage between 2013 and 2016were persons aged 50to64 years (12.1percentage points; P = .002), Hispanics (10.9 percentage points;P = .002),persons reportingfair orpoor health status (10.2 percentage points; P = .038), and those with a high school diploma as their highest educational attainment (9.2 percentage points; P = .023). Conclusions. Many population subgroups have benefited from the ACA's Marketplace, but approximately 3 million Texas residents still lack health coverage. Adopting the ACA's Medicaid expansion is ameansto address the lack of coverage. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303510_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Efficient allocation of public health and behavior change resources: The "difficulty by motivation" matrix Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Resnicow, K. Author-Name: Teixeira, P.J. Author-Name: Williams, G.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 55-57 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303526_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effects of a new state policy on physical activity practices in child care centers in South Carolina Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: O'Neill, J.R. Author-Name: Dowda, M. Author-Name: Neelon, S.E.B. Author-Name: Neelon, B. Author-Name: Pate, R.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 144-146 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521 Abstract: Objectives. We sought to determine the extent to which child care centers in South Carolina improved physical activity practices after a new policy took effect. Methods. In 2012, South Carolina adopted new mandatory physical activity standards within its child care quality enhancement program. This quasi-experimental study used North Carolina, a state notmaking policy changes, as the comparison. Participantswere 34 child care centers in South Carolina and 30 centers in North Carolina. Researchers used the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool to conduct center observations before and after policy implementation and then conducted repeated-measures linear regression with interaction between state and time for the Physical Activity Environment Total Score and the 8 subscale scores. Results. Compared with centers in North Carolina, EPAO subscale scores in South Carolina centers increased significantly for the Fixed Play Environment (P < .001) and Physical Activity Training and Education (P = .015). The state-by-time interaction of Physical Activity Environment Total Score approached statistical significance (P = .06). Conclusions. Adoption of new physical activity standards in South Carolina child care centers was associated with improvements in practices aimed at increasing children's physical activity. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303521_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Overdose prevention in the United States: A call for supervised injection sites Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kennedy, M.C. Author-Name: Kerr, T. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 42-43 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303523_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Traditional and unexpected partners, from all aspects of American life, must come together to develop public health solutions Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lavizzo-Mourey, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 58-59 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303488_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Historical misfeasance: Immorality to justice in public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Reverby, S.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 14-15 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303554_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Obama years: Tepid palliation for America's health scourges Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Woolhandler, S. Author-Name: Himmelstein, D.U. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 22-24 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303531_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluation of the acceptance journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Hull, S.J. Author-Name: Davis, C.R. Author-Name: Hollander, G. Author-Name: Gasiorowicz, M. Author-Name: Jeffries, W.L., IV Author-Name: Gray, S. Author-Name: Bertolli, J. Author-Name: Mohr, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 173-179 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528 Abstract: Objectives.To evaluate the effectiveness of the Acceptance Journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia in the Black community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Methods. We assessed the campaign's effectiveness using a rolling cross-sectional survey. Data were collected annually online between 2011 and 2015. Each year, a unique sample of Black and White adults, aged 30 years and older, were surveyed in the treatment city (Milwaukee) and in 2 comparison cities that did not have antihomophobia campaigns (St. Louis, MO, and Cleveland, OH; for total sample, n = 3592). Results. Black self-identification and Milwaukee residence were significantly associated with exposure to the campaign, suggesting successful message targeting. The relationship between exposure and acceptance of gay men was significantly mediated through attitudes toward gay men, perceptions of community acceptance, and perceptions of the impact of stigma on gay men, but not through rejection of stereotypes. This model accounted for 39% of variance in acceptance. Conclusions. This evidence suggests that the Acceptance Journeys model of social marketing may be a promising strategy for addressing homophobia in US Black communities. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303528_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Maternal age at childbirth and parity as predictors of longevity among women in the United States: The women's health initiative Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shadyab, A.H. Author-Name: Gass, M.L.S. Author-Name: Stefanick, M.L. Author-Name: Waring, M.E. Author-Name: Macera, C.A. Author-Name: Gallo, L.C. Author-Name: Shaffer, R.A. Author-Name: Jain, S. Author-Name: LaCroix, A.Z. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 113-119 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503 Abstract: Objectives. To examine associations of maternal age at childbirth and parity with survival to age 90 years (longevity). Methods. We performed a prospective study among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal USwomenin theWomen's Health Initiative recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed through August 29, 2014. We adjusted associations with longevity for demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and health-related characteristics. Results. Among 20 248 women (mean age at baseline, 74.6 years), 10 909 (54%) survived to age 90 years. The odds of longevity were significantly higher in women with later age at first childbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.21 for age 25 years or older vs younger than 25 years; P for trend = .04). Among parous women, the relationship between parity and longevity was significant among White but not Black women. White women with 2 to 4 term pregnancies compared with 1 term pregnancy had higher odds of longevity. Conclusions. Reproductive events were associated with longevity among women. Future studies are needed to determine whether factors such as socioeconomic status explain associations between reproductive events and longevity. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Obama Family's Historic Contribution to Public Health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 19-20 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2017:107:1:19-20_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Creating a taxonomy of local boards of health based on local health departments' perspectives Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shah, G.H. Author-Name: Sotnikov, S. Author-Name: Leep, C.J. Author-Name: Ye, J. Author-Name: Van Wave, T.W. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 72-80 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516 Abstract: Objectives. To develop a local board of health (LBoH) classification scheme and empirical definitions to provide a coherent framework for describing variation in the LBoHs. Methods. This study is based on data from the 2015 Local Board of Health Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of local health department administrators, with 394 responses. The classification development consisted of the following steps: (1) theoretically guided initial domain development, (2) mapping of the survey variables to the proposed domains, (3) data reduction using principal component analysis and group consensus, and (4) scale development and testing for internal consistency. Results.The final classification scheme included 60 items across 6 governance function domains and an additional domain-LBoH characteristics and strengths, such as meeting frequency, composition, and diversity of information sources. Application of this classification strongly supports the premise that LBoHs differ in their performance of governance functions and in other characteristics. Conclusions. The LBoH taxonomy provides an empirically tested standardized tool for classifying LBoHs from the viewpoint of local health department administrators. Future studies can use this taxonomy to better characterize the impact of LBoHs. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303516_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Further decline of trans fatty acids levels among US adults between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Restrepo, B.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 156-158 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524 Abstract: Objectives. To investigate differences in levels of plasma trans fatty acids (TFAs) and a broad set of other markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the US adult population between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010. Methods. Using a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years and older from the 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regression models were estimated to compare levels of TFAs and other markers for CVD risk over time. Results. Significant declines in levels of plasma TFAs and improvements in a variety of other markers for CVD risk were observed in the US adult population. Conclusions. Between the 2 time points, 1999-2000 and 2009-2010, there were substantial decreases in TFA levels and improvements in several other important cardiovascular health indicators in US adults. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303524_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: AJPH's First Year Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Morabia, A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 6 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2017:107:1:6_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The relationship between US military officer leadership behaviors and risk of sexual assault of reserve, national guard, and active component servicewomen in nondeployed locations Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sadler, A.G. Author-Name: Mengeling, M.A. Author-Name: Booth, B.M. Author-Name: O'Shea, A.M.J. Author-Name: Torner, J.C. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 147-155 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520 Abstract: Objectives. To determine if military leader behaviors are associated with active component and Reserve-National Guard servicewomen's risk of sexual assault in the military (SAIM) for nondeployed locations. Methods. A community sample of 1337 Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom-era Army and Air Force servicewomen completed telephone interviews (March 2010-December 2011) querying sociodemographic and military characteristics, sexual assault histories, and leader behaviors.We created 2 factor scores (commissioned and noncommissioned) to summarize behaviors by officer rank. Results. A total of 177 servicewomen (13%) experienced SAIM in nondeployed locations. Negative leader behaviors were associated with increased assault risk, at least doubling servicewomen's odds of SAIM (e.g., noncommissioned officers allowed others in unit to make sexually demeaning comments; odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.8, 4.1). Leader behavior frequencies were similar, regardless of service type. Negative leadership behavior risk factors remained significantly associated with SAIM risk even after adjustment for competing risk. Noncommissioned and commissioned officer factor scores were highly correlated (r = 0.849). Conclusions. The association between leader behaviors and SAIM indicates that US military leaders have a critical role in influencing servicewomen's risk of and safety from SAIM. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303520_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evidence and health policy: Using and regulating systematic reviews Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fox, D.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 88-92 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485 Abstract: Systematic reviews have, increasingly, informed policy for almost 3 decades. In many countries, systematic reviews have informed policy for public and population health, paying for health care, increasing the quality and efficiency of interventions, and improving the effectiveness of health sector professionals and the organizations in which they work. Systematic reviews also inform other policy areas: criminal justice, education, social welfare, and the regulation of toxins in the environment. Although the production and use of systematic reviews has steadily increased, many clinicians, public health officials, representatives of commercial organizations, and, consequently, policymakers who are responsive to them, have been reluctant to use these reviews to inform policy; others have actively opposed using them. Systematic reviews could inform policymore effectivelywith changes to current practices and the assumptions that sustain these practices-assumptions made by researchers and the organizations that employ them, by public and private funders of systematic reviews, and by organizations that finance, set priorities and standards for, and publish them. ). Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303485_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Population health during the Obama administration: An ambitious strategy with an uncertain future Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Fox, D.M. Author-Name: Grogan, C.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-34 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303547_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Pokémon GO: Healthy or harmful? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wagner-Greene, V.R. Author-Name: Wotring, A.J. Author-Name: Castor, T. Author-Name: Kruger, J. Author-Name: Dake, J.A. Author-Name: Mortemore, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 35-36 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303548_2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Health and social conditions of the poorest versus wealthiest counties in the United States Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Egen, O. Author-Name: Beatty, K. Author-Name: Blackley, D.J. Author-Name: Brown, K. Author-Name: Wykoff, R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 130-135 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515 Abstract: Objectives.To more clearly articulate, and more graphically demonstrate, the impact of poverty on various health outcomes and social conditions by comparing the poorest counties to the richest counties in the United States and to other countries in the world. Methods.We used 5-year averages for median household income to form the 3141 US counties into 50 new "states"-each representing2%of the counties in the United States (62 or 63 counties each). We compared the poorest and wealthiest "states." Results. We documented dramatic and statistically significant differences in life expectancy, smoking rates, obesity rates, and almost every other measure of health and well-being between the wealthiest and poorest "states" in the country. The populations of more than half the countries in the world have a longer life expectancy than do US persons living in the poorest "state." Conclusions. This analysis graphically demonstrates the true impact of the extreme socioeconomic disparities that exist in the United States. These differences can be obscured when one looks only at state data, and suggest that practitioners and policymakers should increasingly focus interventions to address the needs of the poorest citizens in the United States. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303515_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Twitter as a tool for health research: A systematic review Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sinnenberg, L. Author-Name: Buttenheim, A.M. Author-Name: Padrez, K. Author-Name: Mancheno, C. Author-Name: Ungar, L. Author-Name: Merchant, R.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: e1-e8 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512 Abstract: Background. Researchers have used traditional databases to study public health for decades. Less is known about the use of social media data sources, such as Twitter, for this purpose. Objectives. To systematically review the use of Twitter in health research, define a taxonomy to describe Twitter use, and characterize the current state of Twitter in health research. Search methods. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL through September 2015. Selection criteria. We searched for peer-reviewed original research studies that primarily used Twitter for health research. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently screened studies and abstracted data related to the approach to analysis of Twitter data, methodology used to study Twitter, and current state of Twitter research by evaluating time of publication, research topic, discussion of ethical concerns, and study funding source. Main results. Of 1110 unique health-related articles mentioning Twitter, 137 met eligibility criteria. The primary approaches for using Twitter in health research that constitute a new taxonomy were content analysis (56%; n = 77), surveillance (26%; n = 36), engagement (14%; n = 19), recruitment (7%; n = 9), intervention (7%; n = 9), and network analysis (4%; n = 5). These studies collectively analyzed more than 5 billion tweets primarily by using the Twitter application program interface. Of 38 potential data features describing tweets and Twitter users, 23 were reported in fewer than 4% of the articles. The Twitter-based studies in this review focused on a small subset of data elements including content analysis, geotags, and language. Most studies were published recently (33% in 2015). Public health (23%; n = 31) and infectious disease (20%; n = 28) were the research fields most commonly represented in the included studies. Approximately one third of the studies mentioned ethical board approval in their articles. Primary funding sources included federal (63%), university (13%), and foundation (6%). Conclusions. We identified a new taxonomy to describe Twitter use in health research with 6 categories. Many data elements discernible from a user's Twitter profile, especially demographics, have been underreported in the literature and can provide new opportunities to characterize the users whose data are analyzed in these studies. Twitter-based health research is a growing field funded by a diversity of organizations. Public health implications. Future work should develop standardized reporting guidelines for health researchers who use Twitter and policies that address privacy and ethical concerns in social media research. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trends in personal belief exemption rates among alternative private schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000-2014 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brennan, J.M. Author-Name: Bednarczyk, R.A. Author-Name: Richards, J.L. Author-Name: Allen, K.E. Author-Name: Warraich, G.J. Author-Name: Omer, S.B. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 108-112 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods. Methods.Weused California Department ofPublic Health dataon kindergartenPBErates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools. Results. Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 timeshigher than inpublic schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1;95%confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2).Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%). Conclusions. Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303498_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: So now what? Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Sundwall, D.N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 26-27 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303549_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effectiveness of local policy efforts to increase the price of cheap cigars in Minnesota Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Brock, B. Author-Name: Carlson, S.C. Author-Name: Moilanen, M. Author-Name: Schillo, B.A. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 127-129 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the effect of novel policies designed to increase cheap cigar prices by setting minimum prices at the local level. Methods. Between June 2013 and July 2015, we conducted assessments at tobacco retailers in Minnesota cities of Brooklyn Center (n = 26 in sample; n = 18 assessed before and after policy implementation), Saint Paul (n = 25 in sample; n = 14 assessed pre- and postpolicy), and Maplewood (n = 22 in sample; n = 18 assessed pre- and postpolicy), before and after the adoption of policies setting minimum cigar pricing. Results. After policy implementation across all cities (n = 50), significantly fewer retailers sold single cigars (46% vs 80%; P < .01) and 2- or 3-packs (52% vs 74%; P = .01). In Saint Paul and Maplewood, the average price of the cheapest available single cigars increased significantly by $1.17 (P = .03) and $1.27 (P < .01), respectively; the average price of the cheapest 2-pack increased by $2.46 (P = .02) in Saint Paul and by $3.08 (P < .01) in Maplewood. Policy compliance was high in all cities. Conclusions. This study highlights the potential of policies setting minimumcigar prices to decrease cigar availability and increase price through nontax approaches. Results indicate that these policies are successful in cities of various sizes. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303517_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A course on religion and public health at Harvard Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Vander Weele, T.J. Author-Name: Koenig, H.G. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 47-49 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303501_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: President Barack Obama: Black man extraordinary and ordinary Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Bowleg, L. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 20-22 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303552_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Obesity among night shift nurses: Time to intervene Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Williams, G.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 41-42 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The impact of Michigan's partial repeal of the universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Carter, P.M. Author-Name: Buckley, L. Author-Name: Flannagan, C.A.C. Author-Name: Cicchino, J.B. Author-Name: Hemmila, M. Author-Name: Bowman, P.J. Author-Name: Almani, F. Author-Name: Bingham, C.R. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 166-172 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525 Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the partial repeal of Michigan's universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries. Methods. We compared helmet use rates and motorcycle crash fatality risk for the 12 months before and after the April 13, 2012, repeal with a statewide police-reported crash data set. We linked police-reported crashes to injured riders in a statewide trauma registry.We compared head injury before and after the repeal. Regression examined the effect of helmet use on fatality and head injury risk. Results. Helmet use decreased in crash (93.2% vs 70.8%; P < .001) and trauma data (91.1% vs 66.2%; P < .001) after the repeal. Although fatalities did not change overall (3.3% vs 3.2%; P = .87), head injuries (43.4% vs 49.6%; P < .05) and neurosurgical intervention increased (3.7% vs 6.5%; P < .05). Male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.65), helmet nonuse (AOR = 1.84), alcohol intoxication (AOR = 11.31), intersection crashes (AOR = 1.62), and crashes at higher speed limits (AOR = 1.04) increased fatality risk. Helmet nonuse (AOR = 2.31) and alcohol intoxication (AOR = 2.81) increased odds of head injury. Conclusions. Michigan's helmet law repeal resulted in a 24% to27% helmet use decline among riders in crashes and a 14% increase in head injury. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525_7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The dangerous curve and the guardrail: Disease and vaccination Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Kim-Farley, R.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-17 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303553_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Seven prevention priorities of USPHS scientist officers Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Huang, D.T. Author-Name: Dee, D.L. Author-Name: Ko, J. Author-Name: Houston, K. Author-Name: Cole, J.G. Author-Name: Sircar, K.D. Author-Name: Gaines, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-40 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303497_4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: California's sterilization survivors: An estimate and call for redress Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stern, A.M. Author-Name: Novak, N.L. Author-Name: Lira, N. Author-Name: O'Connor, K. Author-Name: Harlow, S. Author-Name: Kardia, S. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 50-54 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489 Abstract: From 1919 to 1952, approximately 20 000 individuals were sterilized in California's state institutions on the basis of eugenic laws that sought to control the reproductive capacity of people labeled unfit and defective. Using data from more than 19 000 sterilization recommendations processed by state institutions over this 33-year period, we provide the most accurate estimate of living sterilization survivors. As of 2016, we estimate that as many as 831individuals,with anaverage age of 87.9 years, are alive. We suggest that California emulate North Carolina and Virginia, states that maintained similar sterilization programs and recently have approved monetary compensation for victims. We discuss the societal obligation for redress of this historical injustice and recommend that California seriously consider reparations and full accountability. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Parental refusal of childhood vaccines and medical neglect laws Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Parasidis, E. Author-Name: Opel, D.J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 68-71 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500 Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relation of vaccine refusal and medical neglect under child welfare laws. Methods. We used the Westlaw legal database to search court opinions from 1905 to 2016 and identified cases in which vaccine refusal was the sole or a primary reason in a neglect proceeding. We also delineated if religious or philosophical exemptions from required school immunizations were available at the time of adjudication. Results. Our search yielded 9 cases from 5 states. Most courts (7 of 9) considered vaccine refusal to constitute neglect. In the 4 cases decided in jurisdictions that permitted religious exemptions, courts either found that vaccine refusal did not constitute neglect or considered it neglect only in the absence of a sincere religious objection to vaccination. Conclusions. Some states have a legal precedent for considering parental vaccine refusal as medical neglect, but this is based on a small number of cases. Each state should clarify whether, under its laws, vaccine refusal constitutes medical neglect. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500_3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The university-public health partnership for public health research training in Quebec, Canada Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Paradis, G. Author-Name: Hamelin, A.-M. Author-Name: Malowany, M. Author-Name: Levy, J. Author-Name: Rossignol, M. Author-Name: Bergeron, P. Author-Name: Kishchuk, N. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 100-104 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529 Abstract: Enhancing effective preventive interventions to address contemporary public health problems requires improved capacity for appliedpublichealth research. A particular need has been recognized for capacity development in population health intervention research to address the complex multidisciplinary challenges of developing, implementing, and evaluating public health practices, intervention programs, and policies. Research training programs need to adapt to these new realities. We have presented an example of a 2003 to 2015 training program in transdisciplinary research on public health interventions that embedded doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in public health organizations in Quebec, Canada. This university-public health partnership for research training is an example of how to link science and practice to meet emerging needs in public health. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303529_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A consequential eight years for health care and public health Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: McDonough, J.E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 24-25 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303538_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tuberculosis screening and control in the US military in war and peace Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Mancuso, J.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 60-67 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502 Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) has a well-established association with military populations, but the association of increased TB risk during armed conflict is less certain. This historical review focuses on the evolution of screening practices, the changing epidemiology of TB, and the risk of TB among US military service members during armed conflict from 1885 to the present. Overall, deployed soldiers were not at increased risk for TB compared with nondeployed soldiers in any of these conflicts, and the risk of TB in the US military largely reflected that of the underlying US population. Nevertheless, there are focal risk groups with higher rates of TB in the military, including prisoners of war. Although the principles of TB control in the military conform to those used in the civilian population, unique military exposures during both times of peace and of armed conflict require additional screening, surveillance, and control measures. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303502_0 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A women's health legacy of the Obama administration Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Wood, S.F. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 27-28 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303555_5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The affordable care act transformation of substance use disorder treatment Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Abraham, A.J. Author-Name: Andrews, C.M. Author-Name: Grogan, C.M. Author-Name: Pollack, H.A. Author-Name: D'Aunno, T. Author-Name: Humphreys, K.N. Author-Name: Friedmann, P.D. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 31-32 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303558_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Pokémon GO may increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Nigg, C.R. Author-Name: Mateo, D.J. Author-Name: An, J. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 37-38 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303532_8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions via social media Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Lopez, E. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: e9 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303491_6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Climate change and water quality: Keeping a finger on the pulse Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Shanley, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: e10 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303504_1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Systematic reviews for policymaking: Muddling through Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Greenhalgh, T. Author-Name: Malterud, K. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 97-99 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557 Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303557_9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Exposure to contaminated drinking water and health disparities in North Carolina Journal: American Journal of Public Health Author-Name: Stillo, F. Author-Name: Gibson, J.M. Year: 2017 Volume: 107 Issue: 1 Pages: 180-185 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482 Abstract: Objectives. To examine drinking water quality in majority Black periurban neighborhoods in Wake County, North Carolina, that are excluded from nearby municipal water service and to estimate the health benefits of extending water service. Methods. We tested 3 samples collected July through December 2014 in 57 private wells for microbial contaminants. We compared contaminant prevalences to those in adjacent community water systems (35 280 samples from routine monitoring). Using a population intervention model, we assessed the number of annual emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness that is preventable by extending water services to the 3799 residents of these periurban communities. Results. Overall, 29.2% of 171 private well samples tested positive for total coliform bacteria and 6.43% for Escherichia coli, compared with 0.556% and 0.00850% of municipal system samples. An estimated 22% of 114 annual emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness could be prevented by extending community water service. Conclusions. Predominantly Black periurban neighborhoods excluded from municipal water service have poorer quality drinking water than do adjacent neighborhoods with municipal services. These disparities increase the risk of emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness. Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303482_7