ranktest: module for testing the rank of a matrix using the Kleibergen-Paap rk > statistic
Full syntax
ranktest (varlist1) (varlist2) [weight] [if exp] [in range] [, partial(varlist3) wald allrank fullrank nullrank robust bw(#) kernel(string) cluster(varlist) noconstant ]
Version syntax
ranktest, version
ranktest may be used with time-series or panel data, in which case the data must be tsset before using ranktest; see help tsset.
All varlists may contain time-series operators; see help varlist. If (varlist1) or (varlist1) contain a single variable, the parentheses () may be omitted.
aweights, fweights, iweights and pweights are allowed; see help weights.
ranktest is an r-class program.
Contents Description Options Examples References Acknowledgements Authors Citation of ranktest
ranktest implements the Kleibergen-Paap (2006) rk test for the rank of a matrix. Tests of the rank of a matrix have many practical applications. For example, in econometrics the requirement for identification is the rank condition, which states that a particular matrix must be of full column rank. Another example from econometrics concerns cointegration in vector autoregressive (VAR) models; the Johansen trace test is a test of a rank of a particular matrix. The traditional test of the rank of a matrix for the standard (stationary) case is the Anderson (1951) canonical correlations test. If we denote one list of variables as Y and a second as Z, and we calculate the squared canonical correlations between Y and Z, the LM form of the Anderson test, where the null hypothesis is that the matrix of correlations or regression parameters B between Y and Z has rank(B)=r, is N times the sum of the r+1 largest squared canonical correlations. A large test statistic and rejection of the null indicates that the matrix has rank at least r+1. The Cragg-Donald (1993) statistic is a closely related Wald test for the rank of a matrix. Both the Anderson and Cragg-Donald tests require the assumption that the covariance matrix has a Kronecker form; when this is not so, e.g., when disturbances are heteroskedastic or autocorrelated, the test statistics are no longer valid.
The Kleibergen-Paap (2006) rk statistic is a generalization of the Anderson canonical correlation rank test to the case of a non-Kronecker covariance matrix. The implementation in ranktest will calculate rk statistics that are robust to various forms of heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and clustering. For a full discussion of the test statistic and its relationship other test statistics for the rank of a matrix, see Kleibergen-Paap (2006).
The text is applied to Y and Z, where Y=varlist1 and Z=varlist2. Optionally, a third set of variables X=varlist3 can be partialled-out of Y and Z with the partial() option. A constant is automatically partialled out, unless the user specifies the nocons option. To test if a matrix is rank r+1, the null hypothesis is Ho: rank(B)=r. Rejection of the null indicates that the matrix has at least rank=r+1. In the standard (stationary) case, the test statistic is distributed as chi-squared with degrees of freedom = (K-r)*(L-r), where K is the number of Y variables, L is the number of Z variables, and r is the rank being tested in Ho. For example, to test if the matrix is full column rank K where K<L, the null would be Ho:rank(B)=K-1 and the degrees of freedom of the test would be (K-r)*(L-r) = (K-(K-1))*(L-(K-1) = (L-K+1). The default behavior of ranktest is to perform all possible tests of rank; the fullrank option causes only the test of whether the matrix is full rank (Ho:r=K-1) to be reported; the nullrank option causes only the test of whether the matrix is zero rank (Ho:r=0) to be reported.
The default behavior of ranktest is to report LM tests; the wald option will cause it to report Wald tests. P-values are for the standard (stationary) case using the chi-squared distribution. Specifying robust, bw(#) (where # is the bandwidth), or cluster(varname) will generate an rk statistic that is robust to heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation or within-group clustering; robust combined with bw(#) will generate a heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) statistic. The implementation of an autocorrelation-consistent statistic and the options available for various kernels follow that in ivreg2; for more details, see Baum et al. (2007) or help ivreg2 if installed. If none of the above options is specified, ranktest defaults to reporting the Anderson canonical correlations LM test, or, if wald is specified, the Cragg-Donald (1993) Wald test.
It is useful to note that in the special case of a test for whether a matrix has rank=zero (e.g., if there is a single variable Y), the Anderson, Cragg-Donald, and Kleibergen-Paap statistics reduce to familiar statistics available from OLS estimation. Thus if K=1, the Cragg-Donald Wald statistic can be calculated by regressing the single Y on Z and X and testing the joint significance of Z using a standard Wald test and a traditional non-robust covariance estimator. The Anderson LM statistic can be obtained by calculating an LM test of the same joint hypothesis. The robust Kleibergen-Paap rk statistics can be obtained by performing the same tests with the desired robust covariance estimator. Similarly, if K>1 the test statistics for rank=0 reported by ranktest can be reproduced by testing the joint significance of the Z variables across the K equations for the Y variables. See the examples below.
partial(varlist3) requests that the variables in (varlist3) are partialled out of the variables in (varlist1) and (varlist2). A constant is automatically partialled out as well, unless the option noconstant is specified.
wald requests the Wald instead of the LM version of the test. The LM version is the default.
allrank requests that test statistics for rank=0, rank=1, ..., rank=(#cols-1) be reported, where (#cols-1) is the number of columns of the smaller of the two matrices (varlists). allrank is the default.
fullrank requests that only the test statistic for Ho: rank=(#cols-1) be reported, where (#cols-1) is the number of columns of the smaller of the two matrices (varlists). Rejection of the null indicates that the matrix is of full column rank.
nullrank requests that only the test statistic for Ho: rank=0 be reported. Rejection of the null indicates that the matrix has at least rank=1.
robust specifies that the Eicker/Huber/White/sandwich heteroskedastic-robust estimator of variance is to be used. The reported rk statistic will be robust to heteroskedasticity.
cluster(varlist) specifies that observations are independent across groups (clusters) but not necessarily independent within groups. varname specifies to which group each observation belongs. Specifying cluster() implies robust, i.e., the reported rk statistic will be robust to both heteroskedasticity and within-cluster correlation. If ivreg2 version 3.0 or later is installed, 2-way clustering is supported; see help ivreg2 for details.
bw(#) impements autocorrelation-consistent (AC) or heteroskedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) covariance estimation with bandwidth equal to #, where # is an integer greater than zero. Specifying robust together with bw(#) implements HAC covariance estimation; omitting robust implements AC covariance estimation.
kernel(string)) specifies the kernel to be used for AC and HAC covariance estimation; the default kernel is Bartlett (also known in econometrics as Newey-West). Kernels available are (abbreviations in parentheses): Bartlett (bar); Truncated (tru); Parzen (par); Tukey-Hanning (thann); Tukey-Hamming (thamm); Daniell (dan); Tent (ten); and Quadratic-Spectral (qua or qs). Note that for some kernels (bar, par, thann and thamm) the bandwidth must be at least 2 to obtain an autocorrelation-consistent estimator.
noconstant suppresses the constant term (intercept) in the list of partialled-out variables.
version causes ranktest to display its current version number and to leave it in the macro s(version). It cannot be used with any other options.
ranktest saves the following results in r():
Scalars r(N) Number of observations r(N_clust) Number of clusters r(chi2) rk statistic for highest rank tested r(p) p-value of rk statistic r(rdf) dof of rk statistic r(rank) Rank of matrix under Ho for highest rank tested
Macros r(version) Version number of ranktest
Matrices r(rkmarix) Saved results of rank tests r(ccorr) Matrix of canonical correlations r(eval) Matrix of eigenvalues (=squared canonical correlations) r(V) Covariance matrix (W in Kleibergen-Paap (2006), p. 103)
Tests for underidentification of Klein consumption equation.
(Underidentification means endogenous regressors (profits wagetot) are not iden > tified by the excluded instruments (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc) afte > r partialling-out the included instruments (L.totinc _cons). Test is equivalent > to testing whether the matrix of reduced form coefficients for the endogenous regr > essors is full rank (#cols=2) vs. less than full rank (#cols=1). The test for underid > entification should not be confused with a test for "weak identification"; see e.g. Stock an > d Yogo (2005) or Baum et al. (2007).)
. webuse klein, clear
. tsset yr
(Klein consumption equation - for reference)
. ivreg2 consump L.profits (profits wagetot = govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc)
(Homoskedasticity, LM => Anderson canonical correlations test; test all ranks. > Ho of rank=1 can be rejected, suggesting the model is identified.)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits)
(Homoskedasticity, Wald => Cragg-Donald (1993) test; test all ranks. Ho of ran > k=1 can be rejected, suggesting model is identified.)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) wald
(Heteroskedastic robust, LM statistic, test for full rank only. Ho of rank=1 n > ow cannot be rejected, suggesting model may be underidentified.)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) full robust
(Heteroskedastic and autocorrelation robust, LM statistic, test for null rank o > nly)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) null robust bw(2)
Testing for reduced rank in VAR models.
(Relationship of Johansen trace statistic and Anderson canonical correlations s > tatistic. Former is an LR test, ranktest reports LM version of latter, but based on the s > ame eigenvalues. Note that the p-values reported by ranktest are not valid in this > application because they are for the standard stationary case.)
. vecrank consump profits wagetot, lags(1)
. ranktest (d.consump d.profits d.wagetot) (L1.consump L1.profits L1.wagetot)
. mat eval=r(eval)
. mat list eval
(vecrank LR trace statistic for maximum rank=0 vs. ranktest LM canonical correl > ations statistic for same. Both statistics calculated using the same eigenvalues.)
. di -r(N)*(ln(1-eval[1,1]) + ln(1-eval[1,2]) + ln(1-eval[1,3]))
. di r(N)*(eval[1,1] + eval[1,2] + eval[1,3])
Equalities between rk statistic and other test statistics
(Equivalence of rk statistic and canonical correlations under homoskedasticity)
. canon (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt)
. mat list e(ccorr)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt)
. mat list r(rkmatrix)
(Equality of rk statistic and Wald test from OLS regression in special case of single regressor)
. ranktest (profits) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) wald robust
. regress profits govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc L.profits, robust
. testparm govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc
. di r(F)*r(df)*e(N)/e(df_r)
(Equality of rk statistic and LM test from OLS regression in special case of single regressor. Generate a group variable to illustrate cluster)
. gen clustvar = round(yr/2)
. ranktest (profits) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) cluster(clustvar)
. ivreg2 profits L.profits (=govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), cluster(clustvar)
. di e(j)
(Equality of rk statistic of null rank and Wald test from OLS regressions and a Kronecker covariance matrix (independent and homoskedastic equations). To show > equality, estimate the equations using reg3 specifying that all regressors are exogenous, and then test joint significance of Z variables in both regressions. L.profits > is the partialled-out variable and is not tested.)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) wald null
. global e1 (profits govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc L.profits)
. global e2 (wagetot govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc L.profits)
. reg3 $e1 $e2, allexog
. qui test [profits]govt [profits]taxnetx [profits]year [profits]wagegovt [profits]capital1 [profits]L.totinc
. test [wagetot]govt [wagetot]taxnetx [wagetot]year [wagetot]wagegovt [wagetot]capital1 [wagetot]L.totinc, accum
(Equality of rk statistic of null rank and Wald test from OLS regressions and s > uest. To show equality, use suest to test joint significance of Z variables in both regressions. L.profits is the partialled-out variable and is not tested. Not > e that suest introduces a finite sample adjustment of (N-1)/N.)
. ranktest (profits wagetot) (govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc), partial(L.profits) wald null robust
. di r(chi2)*(r(N)-1)/r(N)
. qui regress profits govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc L.profits
. est store e1
. qui regress wagetot govt taxnetx year wagegovt capital1 L.totinc L.profits
. est store e2
. qui suest e1 e2
. qui test [e1_mean]govt [e1_mean]taxnetx [e1_mean]year [e1_mean]wagegovt [e1_mean]capital1 [e1_mean]L.totinc
. test [e2_mean]govt [e2_mean]taxnetx [e2_mean]year [e2_mean]wagegovt [e2_mean]capital1 [e2_mean]L.totinc, accum
Anderson, T.W. 1951. Estimating linear restrictions on regression coefficients for multivariate normal distributions. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 22, pp. 327-51.
Anderson, T.W. 1984. Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 2d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Baum, C. F., Schaffer, M.E., and Stillman, S. 2007. Enhanced routines for instrumental variables/GMM estimation and testing. Boston College Department of Economics Working Paper No. 667. http://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/bocoec/667.html
Cragg, J.G. and Donald, S.G. 1993. Testing Identfiability and Specification in Instrumental Variables Models. Econometric Theory, Vol. 9, pp. 222-240.
Kleibergen, F. and Paap, R. 2006. Generalized Reduced Rank Tests Using the Singular Value Decomposition. Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 133, pp. 97-126.
Stock, J.H. and Yogo, M. 2005. Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression. In D.W.K. Andrews and J.H. Stock, eds. Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas Rothenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 80–108. Working paper version: NBER Technical Working Paper 284. http://www.nber.org/papers/T0284.
We would like to thank Kit Baum and Austin Nichols for helpful suggestions and feedback.
ranktest is not an official Stata command. It is a free contribution to the research community, like a paper. Please cite it as such:
Kleibergen, F., Schaffer, M.E. 2010. ranktest: module for testing the rank of a matrix using the Kleibergen-Paap rk statistic http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s456865.html
Authors
Frank Kleibergen, Brown University, US Frank_Kleibergen@brown.edu
Mark E Schaffer, Heriot-Watt University, UK m.e.schaffer@hw.ac.uk
Also see
Manual: [R] canon
On-line: help for canon, vecrank, ivreg2 (if installed)