Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tan Hsi 
Author-X-Name-First: Tan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsi 
Title: Adhere to the Socialist Principle of Economic Accounting 
Abstract:
 Chairman Mao teaches us: "Any economic undertaking in socialist society
 must pay attention to making the fullest possible use of the labor force
 and equipment. It must do its utmost to improve labor organization,
 renovate management, raise labor productivity, and economize as much as
 possible on manpower and material resources. It must also launch labor
 emulation and practice economic accounting." (>u>1>/u>) Economic
 accounting is one of the major contents in the management of socialist
 enterprises. To do it well is of great importance to a socialist
 enterprise in its effort to implement the Party's General Line for
 Building Socialism and carrying out the policy of running the enterprise
 through diligence and frugality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fu P'ei-tzu 
Author-X-Name-First: Fu 
Author-X-Name-Last: P'ei-tzu 
Title: Bring Into Play the Role of the Revolutionary Committees Under the Leadership of the Party 
Abstract:
 The documents of the Tenth National Congress of the Party indicate that
 the Party committees at various levels should further strengthen the
 unified leadership of the Party and at the same time bring into full play
 the role of the revolutionary committees. Through study we are deeply
 aware that to conscientiously implement this directive in our socialist
 enterprises is the fundamental guarantee of running socialist business
 management well and consolidating the economic base of the proletarian
 dictatorship.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=44UQ1219355G6N95 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kung Hsiao-wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiao-wen 
Title: On The Management of Socialist Enterprises 
Abstract:
 The correctness or incorrectness of the ideological and political line
 decides everything.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=78P3K280M1421216 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I Miao-chang 
Author-X-Name-First: I 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miao-chang 
Title: Management is also Socialist Education 
Abstract:
 Chairman Mao has issued an important directive on the management of
 socialist enterprises: "Management is also socialist education."
 (>u>1>/u>) Based on the objective law governing class struggle in the
 socialist era, Chairman Mao's directive presents the nature of management
 in socialist enterprises and clearly shows us the directions of socialist
 management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-24 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=824J77548772243L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ts'ao Pao-mei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ts'ao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pao-mei 
Title: The Big-Character Poster is a Weapon for Mass Participation in Management 
Abstract:
 In our socialist industrial enterprises, the worker masses often use the
 big-character poster as a medium to put forward their opinions and
 suggestions concerning the problems of enterprise management to the
 leaders. You put up a poster, and I follow suit. With more people taking
 part, contention abounds. The enterprises are seething with enthusiasm,
 and the masses are dashing forward with great energy. Spurred on by the
 posters, many age-old problems are quickly solved with the backing of the
 masses and the leadership's concern. During the Great Proletarian Cultural
 Revolution and the Campaign to Criticize Lin Piao and Rectify the Style of
 Work, and especially in the current struggle to criticize Lin Piao and
 Confucius, more and more leading cadres of industrial enterprises have
 further elevated their cognition of the role of the big-character poster
 and have voluntarily taken it to be a mighty weapon for elucidating the
 political line, disclosing contradiction, gauging discrepancy, expediting
 transformation, and strengthening business management by relying on the
 workers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Lai-chi 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai-chi 
Title: Take a Correct View of the Elimination And Establishment of Rules and Regulations 
Abstract:
 How to correctly view the elimination and establishment of regulations is
 a frequent issue in enterprise management. To sum up experience in this
 connection in good faith is imperative if we are to do well in the
 management of socialist enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H2V657Q750553JG7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kung Ching 
Author-X-Name-First: Kung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ching 
Title: Set Up an Administrative Structure Which Forges Close Ties with the Masses 
Abstract:
 To establish in industrial enterprises a revolutionized administrative
 structure which forges close ties with the masses is a major element in
 strengthening enterprise management. It will play an important role in
 ensuring the Party's unified leadership, effectively organizing and
 mobilizing the enthusiasm of the broad masses for socialism as well as
 boosting socialist production.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K636U02872435125 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chi Chih 
Author-X-Name-First: Chi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih 
Title: Running A Plant By Proletarian Revolutionary Spirit 
Abstract:
 The Kirin Municipal Oil and Grease Plant is rated fairly good in Kirin
 Province in learning from the Tach'ing Oilfield, the national pacesetter
 in industry. Spurred on by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the
 workers and staff there have conscientiously studied works by Marx,
 Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman Mao's works, deepened their
 criticism of Liu Shao-ch'i and Lin Piao's revisionist line and consciously
 opposed influence and corrosion by bourgeois ideology. The revolutionary
 spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle has been brought into play and
 the workers and staff's socialist enthusiasm has soared to an
 unprecedented height. Both revolution and production have advanced in big
 strides.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M5P2822T23621N43 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kung Hsiao-wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiao-wen 
Title: Workers are the Masters of Socialist Enterprises 
Abstract:
 In enterprise administration work, we often come upon many concrete
 problems relating to quantity and quality of products, as well as to
 equipment, tools, and raw materials. Handling these problems merely seems
 to be a question of dealing with the relationships among objects, or among
 men and objects. Marxist political economy shows, however, that behind all
 these lie the relationships among men, that is, certain production
 relations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-11 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P22414756L6X18V5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Ying-shun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ying-shun 
Title: The System Must Beneficially Stimulate Mass Initiative 
Abstract:
 To transform irrational rules and regulations and formulate and improve
 rational ones is a major task in the management of a socialist enterprise.
 But how are we to judge whether or not the rules and regulations are
 rational? Chairman Mao has summed it up incisively: "The system must
 benefit the masses." That is to say, whether the rules and regulations are
 beneficial to stimulating mass initiative is the criterion for judging
 their rationality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q6K08487611N24Q2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu YÃ¼eh-hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: YÃ¼eh-hua 
Title: Discipline Must Be Established on the Basis of the Masses' Consciousness 
Abstract:
 "Strengthen discipline, and the revolution is invincible." (>u>1>/u>)
 Discipline ensures the implementation of the political line; hence it is a
 prerequisite for the victory of the revolution. To carry on production
 effectively in a socialist enterprise, we need a revolutionary discipline.
 But what kind of discipline is it, and how do we maintain it? This is a
 question we must straighten out first.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-41 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RT860H147W93057M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chiang Yang-nan 
Author-X-Name-First: Chiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang-nan 
Title: Enterprise Management Has A Class Character 
Abstract:
 Why must there be management in a factory? Some comrades believe that with
 so many people working together, each with his own task yet mutually
 linked, production could not proceed in an orderly fashion without
 management. Some comrades also believe that management is nothing but the
 organizing principle for production. It is a prerequisite for any sizable
 labor project and a means for organizing and coordinating production. Are
 these views correct?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y224500637730648 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The >u>Fundamentals of Political Economy>/u> is a popular introductory
 economics text published in the People's Republic of China in 1974 as an
 entry in the Youth's Self-Education Series designed particularly for
 individual or group study. Its primary purpose, according to the preface,
 is to elevate the cultural level of youth, to advance their knowledge of
 the social and natural sciences, as well as to arouse their class
 consciousness. We are publishing an English edition to make available a
 comprehensive and authentic text of the Chinese version of Marxist
 political economy which differs profoundly from that of the Soviet Union.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1975 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L31X1R21465X0637 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua YÃ¼n 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: YÃ¼n 
Title: Implement The Policy of Taking Agriculture as the Foundation and Industry as the Leading Factor 
Abstract:
 Taking agriculture as the foundation and industry as the leading factor is
 the general policy formulated by Chairman Mao for the Party in developing
 our national economy. Over the years, the practices of socialist
 construction have proven that the correct handling of the relationships
 among agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry in accordance with
 this policy is a fundamental issue relating to enlarged socialist
 production. It is an issue concerning our country's road to
 industrialization, and it has a significant bearing on the consolidation
 and development of the socialist economic basis, on the reinforcement of
 the worker-peasant alliance, and on the strengthening of the proletarian
 dictatorship.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-38 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1976 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=26442336K331344R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre-Henri Cassou 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Henri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassou 
Title: The Chinese Monetary System 
Abstract:
 For approximately the last five years, that is, since the end of the
 Cultural Revolution, the People's Republic of China has slowly been
 opening up. The number of visitors coming from Europe has steadily
 increased, and the nature of their visits has diversified. The diplomatic,
 parliamentary, and commercial missions have been succeeded by scientific
 and medical delegations and political, economic, or administrative study
 groups. The Chinese tourist agency is trying to vary the types of meetings
 it organizes for all these visitors. The travelers are no longer only
 received in factories, secondary schools, universities or communes, but
 also in schools for executives, local administrative offices, and economic
 organizations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-97 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1976 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=563551U55X50255U 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rung Hsiao-wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Rung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiao-wen 
Title: To Develop Industry We Must Initiate Technical Innovation 
Abstract:
 Chairman Mao says: "In developing technology, we cannot follow the old
 road of other countries in the world, trailing behind them step by step.
 We must discard all conventional practice and apply up-to-date techniques
 as much as possible, so that we can, in not too long an historical period,
 build our country into a strong, modernized socialist state." Chairman
 Mao's instruction serves as a profound criticism of the philosophy of
 servility to foreign things, of the mentality of trailing behind others,
 and of the ideas of Chia-kuei [a character in a novel by Lu Hsun who poses
 as a foreigner], all of which allege that China must always trail behind
 Western science and technology. It also greatly enhances the initiative
 and creativeness of the working class, the scientific and technical
 personnel, and all the people of our country, giving a mighty impetus to
 the development of technical innovation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-49 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1976 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J14M682810845512 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Most of the articles in this issue were selected from official
 publications of the People's Republic of China between September 1974 and
 April 1975. One is from a French source. Each article was selected on the
 basis of its representativeness of either the trend of economic
 development in China or its recent policy orientation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1976 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q4636113L11841K3 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hsia Li-chih 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li-chih 
Title: Striking Contrast Between two Different Economic Systems 
Abstract:
 An economic crisis characterized by slump, inflation, and sharply rising
 unemployment is now pounding away at the entire capitalist world. The two
 superpowers, in particular, are having a very hard time. This is one
 manifestation of the prevailing international situation: great disorder
 under Heaven, or, as a Chinese verse goes, "The wind sweeping through the
 tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-78 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 9 
Year: 1976 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U702114251Q27074 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tamao Watanabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Tamao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watanabe 
Author-Name: Kazuo Ogawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogawa 
Title: Introduction To Japan-China Trade 
Abstract:
 The history of China's foreign trade dates back to the Han dynasty (206
 B.C.-220 A.D.). The first trade relationship with modern European
 countries began during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). In the fifteenth
 century, a mighty merchant fleet commanded by Cheng Hao made seven voyages
 (1405-1433), establishing friendly relations and developing tributary
 trade ties with many countries, including the east coast of Africa. This
 enabled the Chinese to learn a great deal about the"South Seas," and Cheng
 Hao was later enshrined as a pioneer by expatriate Chinese in south and
 southeast Asia (the shrines dedicated to him are called"Three-Treasure
 Shrines" [san-pao miao]).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1973 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7K2155V236758147 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: An Ch'un 
Author-X-Name-First: An 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'un 
Title: The Basic Problem in the Development of Agriculture Lies in the Line 
Abstract:
 China's socialist agriculture has continued to develop under the guidance
 of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. Particularly through the Great
 Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the movement to criticize revisionism
 and rectify the work style, the broad cadres and the masses have raised
 their consciousness of the struggle between the two lines, and the mass
 movement to learn from Tachai in agriculture has developed with still
 greater vigor. The entire agricultural front is showing signs of growing
 prosperity.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-17 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1973 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=75N4624U341L06U0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The articles in the current issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> are
 selected from the official organs of the People's Republic of China and
 cover the period April 1 through June 30, 1973. The selections are based
 on either the frequency of occurence in the literature of a category of
 economic activity, for instance food grains, or the reflection of shifts,
 if any, in economic policies. It is hoped that the representativeness of
 the articles will indicate the underlying trends of economic development
 in China and the guiding economic policies for the period covered.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1973 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N178786144015072 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. N. Iumin 
Author-X-Name-First: M. N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Iumin 
Title: The Mongolian People'S Republic in the System of International Socialist Economic Integration 
Abstract:
 In July of 1971 the Twenty-Fifth Session of the Council for Mutual
 Economic Assistance [COMECON], which met in Bucharest, adopted the Complex
 Program of Socialist Economic Integration. The Politburo of the Central
 Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party [MPRP] and the
 Council of Ministers of the Mongolian People's Republic [MPR] readily
 accepted the political and economic significance of the Complex Program
 and directed the appropriate organs to work out concrete measures for
 realizing those of its points which concerned the MPR as a member of
 Comecon.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-105 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1973 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W212603XV11K7787 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:7:y:1973:i:2:p:92-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The fifteen articles in this issue are selected from official publications
 of the People's Republic of China for the period July 1 through September
 30, 1973. Each article is selected on the basis of its representativeness
 of either the trend of economic development in China or its policy
 orientation. One of the measures of representativeness is the frequency of
 appearance of a subject in the press; another is its representativeness of
 the underlying stresses of Party lines or government policies. The
 selection, however, is not random; therefore it should not be used for
 statistical inference.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1974 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=64626233558X6180 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victor D. Lippit 
Author-X-Name-First: Victor D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lippit 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 The question of development finance in underdeveloped countries is
 ultimately one of the use of the surplus: how can a significant part of
 that share of national income above a nation's culturally determined
 subsistence requirements be channeled into investment? In every society an
 elaborate system of claims on the surplus exists, whether as a material
 expression of the fealty owed to elders and chiefs in tribal society or
 the rent, interest, and profits due the owners of capital in capitalist
 society. These systems of claims are ordinarily so deeply imbedded in the
 social structure that any effort to redirect the income flows associated
 with them into socially fruitful investment channels will be severely
 constrained. Only when the existing claims are eliminated through the
 revolutionary transformation of society does an opportunity arise for
 massive redirection of the income flows that compose the surplus into
 development finance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 9-11 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 7 
Year: 1974 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yen Shao-ch'un 
Author-X-Name-First: Yen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shao-ch'un 
Title: Lecture 6: Agricultural Production Planning 
Abstract:
 Like industry, agriculture is one of society's most important material
 production sectors. Agriculture is the source of food. It is also a source
 of raw materials for light industry and a major market for industrial
 products. At present, China's agricultural products are also one of its
 major exports. Without rapid growth of agricultural output, rapid
 industrial growth will be hampered, and it will be very hard to raise the
 people's standard of living.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-40 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Ching-ch'ao 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ching-ch'ao 
Title: Lecture 11: Wage Planning 
Abstract:
 In a socialist society, wages are the monetary expression of the share of
 the social product obtained by each laborer according to the quantity and
 quality of his own labor. This is fundamentally different under the
 capitalist system where wages are the price of labor. Under the capitalist
 system, wages reflect the relationship between the exploiter and the
 exploited. Because of increasing capitalist exploitation, the worker's
 real wages decline continuously. Under the socialist system, wages reflect
 the relationship between the whole society as represented by the socialist
 state and individual laborers who work for themselves and their society.
 The wages of the workers and staff increase continuously with the
 uninterrupted growth of production and labor productivity.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-92 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en Hsi-jun 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsi-jun 
Title: Lecture 15: Price Planning 
Abstract:
 Product prices are the monetary expression of product values. They are
 composed of production costs, profits, taxes, and other elements.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 93-103 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chou Shu-chÃ¼n 
Author-X-Name-First: Chou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shu-chÃ¼n 
Title: Lecture 9: The Material-Technical Supply Plan 
Abstract:
 The material-technical supply in the national economy is the supply of
 producer goods to the various sectors of the national economy, which is a
 necessary condition for achieving expanded output. Here material refers to
 raw materials, processed materials, fuels, and electric power. Technical
 refers to machinery and equipment. Regardless of the type of economy, the
 expansion of output requires the consumption of a certain amount of means
 of labor (namely, machines and equipment) and objects of labor (namely,
 raw and processed materials, fuels, and electric power). Marx said, "The
 act of production itself, in all its factors, is also an act of
 consumption.">sup>1>/sup> Therefore, in order to expand output, we must
 supply a corresponding amount of producer goods. However, in capitalist
 society, because producer goods are privately owned by the capitalists,
 production is chaotic. The producer goods needed by enterprises are
 supplied through market transactions in an unplanned way. Only in
 socialist society and in the transition period, when all or the major
 producer goods are publicly owned, can the state systematically plan the
 material-technical supply and thereby overcome the overstocking and waste
 of materials and use all material resources in a rational way, thus
 guaranteeing the fulfillment and overfulfillment of the production plan,
 the capital construction plan, and the sustained growth of the national
 economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-64 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Chi-k'ung 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi-k'ung 
Author-Name: Tsung Shih 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shih 
Title: Lecture 5: Industrial Production Planning 
Abstract:
 Industry is the most important material production sector of the national
 economy. Industry is the producer of all modern means of production. Only
 by developing industrial production, especially heavy industrial
 production, can it be guaranteed that the application of new technology
 and equipment will transform the various sectors of the national economy,
 lead to the establishment of social production based on advanced
 technology, and guarantee the economic independence of the nation and the
 consolidation of national defense.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-26 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chung Ch'i-fu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'i-fu 
Title: Lecture 3: Methods in Formulating National Economic Plans 
Abstract:
 After the Party and the state have determined the political and economic
 tasks of each period, the planning organs must formulate national economic
 plans that can guarantee the fulfillment of these tasks. These plans must
 be formulated with scientific methods. These scientific methods must
 correctly reflect the requirements of a planned (proportional) development
 of the national economy. The more than 30 years' experience in plan
 formulation of the Soviet Union demonstrates that the balance method is
 such a method.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-14 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas R. Lardy 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lardy 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> translates an important
 collection of fundamental articles on Chinese economic planning. These
 materials, which were intended to provide a basic introduction to the
 principles and techniques of economic planning being developed during
 China's First Five-Year Plan, originally appeared in a series under the
 general title "Lectures on National Economic Planning." They were
 published in the journal >u>Chi-hua ching-chi>/u> (Economic Planning), the
 official organ of the State Planning Commission and the State Economic
 Commission. The series of seventeen articles commenced with the first
 issue of the journal in January 1955 and continued through the fall of
 1956. A second series of fourteen articles, "Lectures on Basic Knowledge
 on National Economic Plan Forms," which was more detailed and somewhat
 more operational began in January 1957 and continued through February
 1958. The present issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> translates, in
 their entirety, seven articles from the earlier series. None of these
 articles has previously been available in English translation. A
 subsequent issue of this journal will incorporate two additional articles
 from the first series and over two-thirds of the material contained in the
 second series.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Kuo Tzu-ch'eng 
Author-X-Name-First: Kuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tzu-ch'eng 
Title: Lecture 7: Transport Planning 
Abstract:
 The transport industry is a special material production branch. Transport
 is a direct continuation of the production process in the circulation
 process. The transport industry is different from other material
 production branches. Its special characteristic is that on the one hand it
 reflects the production process while on the other hand it belongs to the
 realm of circulation. Consequently, transport planning reflects not only
 the production process but also the circulation process.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-52 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yu-heng 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu-heng 
Title: Lecture 10: Labor Planning 
Abstract:
 There are two basic tasks in formulating the labor plan. The first is to
 determine the rate of increase of labor productivity in each sector of the
 national economy during the plan period.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-80 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James E. Nickum 
Author-X-Name-First: James E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nickum 
Title: Translator's Introduction 
Abstract:
 In China before 1949, the management of surface flows of water for
 irrigation was commonly carried out by local hierarchical professional
 associations. These associations were one of the few aspects of economic
 life where families, lineages, and villages cooperated, especially in the
 mobilization of labor to maintain and repair works. It was also one of the
 few instances of professional, task-oriented management independent of
 direct village administration.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-8 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Y. L. Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Y. L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Recent Condition of Rural People's Communes 
Abstract:
 I had the opportunity of visiting the People's Republic of China for 22
 days in May 1975 with my family. We stayed in five cities: Canton, Peking,
 Nanking, Wushi, and Shanghai, and visited five communes located near these
 cities. The following is a description of the five communes. They provide
 some rather interesting information on various aspects of development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-117 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 10 
Year: 1977 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 In this issue, two of the articles on the economic development and foreign
 trade of the People's Republic of China deserve special attention. One of
 these, "A Critique of Teng Hsiao-p'ing's Bourgeois Comprador Economic
 Ideology" by Kao Lu and Ch'ang Ko, represents the viewpoints of Wang
 Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing, and Yao Wenyuan, the "gang of
 four." The other article, "Expose the Conspiracy of âthe Gang of Fourâ
 in Attacking Our Foreign Trade Policy" by Kuo Mao-yen, defends China's
 foreign trade policy under then Vice Premier Teng Hsiao-p'ing. Since the
 second article was carried in >u>Hung-ch'i>/u> [Red Flag] in April 1977
 after the removal of the "gang of four," it must have had the implicit
 approval of Chairman Hua Kuo-feng.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kao Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Kao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Ch'ang Ko 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'ang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko 
Title: A Critique of Teng Hsiao-P'ing's Comprador-Bourgeois Economic Thought 
Abstract:
 Teng Hsiao-p'ing uttered a lot of rubbish in connection with economic
 construction. A black line which ran through what he said was as follows:
 Domestically, he represented the bourgeoisie in its contest with the
 proletariat for leadership over the national economy. His intention was to
 turn the socialist economy in our country into an economy of bureaucratic
 monopoly capitalism. Internationally, he engaged in capitulation and
 traitorous activities in his vain attempt to reduce our country to a
 colonial or semicolonial state ruled by imperialism and
 social-imperialism. As a matter of fact, Teng's economic ideology was
 nothing but that of the comprador-bourgeoisie.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 52-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kuo Mao-yen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mao-yen 
Title: Expose the Conspiracy of "the Gang of Four" in Attacking Foreign Trade Policy 
Abstract:
 Socialist foreign trade in our country has been conducted under the
 brilliant leadership and with the personal concern of our great leader
 Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee. Chairman Mao personally laid
 down a series of foreign trade principles and policies. Our beloved
 Premier Chou himself was consistently involved in foreign trade
 activities. Since Comrade Hua Kuo-feng assumed responsibility in the
 Central Committee, he, too, has paid great attention to foreign trade and
 has issued quite a few important directives in this regard. Though foreign
 trade suffered from the interference of the counterrevolutionary
 revisionist line pursued by Liu Shao-ch'i and Lin Piao, Chairman Mao's
 proletarian revolutionary line has always played the leading role in this
 area.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-15 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en Chi-ch'eng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi-ch'eng 
Author-Name: Ch'en Chih-chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih-chang 
Title: Lecture 11: Cadre Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 The cadre plan is a component of the national economic plan. It contains
 two major parts: the plan for training new skilled workers and the plan of
 the need for specialists. The major purpose of formulating this plan is to
 determine the quantity, quality, and speciality of cadres that can be
 trained through various means according to the long-term and annual
 development needs of capital construction, production, and other
 businesses and to rationally distribute them according to those needs. At
 the same time, in the process of formulating the cadre plans, each
 planning unit may discover problems relating to the need for, and the
 training of, cadres and may suggest various measures to solve these
 problems in order to satisfy the national economy's need for cadres.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 123-141 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheng K'ang-ning 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: K'ang-ning 
Author-Name: Hsia Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Lecture 10: Labor And Wage Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 China is a populous and labor abundant country that is still very backward
 economically. The purpose of accurate labor planning is to rationally
 utilize China's labor resources and arrange for labor employment; to
 determine the rate of increase of labor productivity in each sector of the
 national economy in the plan year; and to rationally distribute the labor
 required by each sector of the national economy and build up labor
 reserves in order to guarantee the basic needs of the national economy for
 skilled workers and cadres.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 108-122 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Sun Hui-ch'ing 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hui-ch'ing 
Title: Lecture 13: Material-Technical Supply Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 Material-technical supply is the supply of materials and equipment. t The
 material-technical supply plan is a component of the whole national
 economic plan. Because there are many, many kinds of social products, we
 cannot include all of them in the material-technical supply plan. However,
 producer goods of major importance to the national economy must be
 included in order to achieve planned distribution, that is, unified
 distribution. The task of material-technical supply planning is to
 continuously and adequately supply each sector of the national economy
 with the necessary producer goods (namely, raw materials, processed
 materials, fuels, power, equipment and tools, and so forth) on a planned
 basis and guarantee the continuous and steady operation of all enterprises
 and construction units in order to fulfill and overfulfill the production
 plan and the capital construction plan, increase product quality, mobilize
 internal potential, and accelerate the turnover of working capital. The
 material-technical supply plan must be closely coordinated with the
 production plan, the capital construction plan, the import-export plan,
 the marketing plan, and the plan for state reserves.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 142-157 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas R. Lardy 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lardy 
Title: Guest Editor 
Abstract:
 This double issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> completes the
 translation of an important collection of fundamental articles on Chinese
 economic planning. The articles were originally published in two series of
 lectures in >u>Chi-hua ching-chi>/u> (Economic Planning), the official
 journal of the State Planning Commission and the State Economic
 Commission. This issue includes complete translations of two articles from
 the first series, "Lectures on National Economic Planning," and ten of the
 fourteen "Lectures on Basic Knowledge of National Economic Planning
 Tables." With the exception of a partial translation of Lecture 16 in the
 first series, none of these articles has previously been available in
 English. Translations of eight additional lectures in the first series as
 well as a brief introduction to these materials appeared in the Spring
 1977 issue of this journal.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Li-t'ien 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li-t'ien 
Title: Lecture 16: Financial Planning 
Abstract:
 In China's transition period and under the socialist system, owing to the
 continued existence of commodity production and exchange, in national
 economic planning we must formulate plan targets not only in material
 terms but also in money (value) terms. Financial planning serves exactly
 this purpose.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-18 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chu Ch'eng-p'ing 
Author-X-Name-First: Chu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'eng-p'ing 
Title: Lecture 17: The National Economic Balance Table 
Abstract:
 The national economic balance table differs from the balance tables used
 in the sectoral plans of the national economy. It is a comprehensive
 balance table to balance the whole national economic plan. The formulation
 of the national economic balance table is based on the sectoral balance
 tables of the national economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-34 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Chih-fang 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih-fang 
Title: Lecture 2: Commercial Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 Commerce is the bridge between production and consumption. As material
 goods move from the production realm to the hands of the consumers, they
 must pass through certain circulation processes usually known as the
 product circulation link, colloquially called "doing business." The
 circulation of commodities not only plays a very important role in the
 process of expanding social output, it also provides an important link
 between the urban and rural areas, among regions, and among all sectors of
 the national economy. It is an important means of consolidating the
 worker-peasant alliance as well. Therefore, the comrades who are engaged
 in commercial planning work must establish the point of view of serving
 production and consumption.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-65 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Hsien-kao 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsien-kao 
Title: Lecture 4: Agricultural Production Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 Like industrial production, agricultural production is also one of the
 social material production activities. Its content includes plant growing
 (the growing of all kinds of farm crops, such as food grain and cotton,
 and afforestation) and animal husbandry (the raising of domesticated
 livestock, poultry, silkworms, and marine life). However, unlike
 industrial and other production sectors, agricultural production is
 characterized by the fact that expanding agricultural output is closely
 related to natural reproduction. For example, the production processes of
 planting crops and raising livestock are simply the natural reproduction
 processes of crops and livestock. At the same time, agricultural products
 are the means for their own reproduction. For example, wheat can be used
 as seeds to produce identical wheat, and livestock can produce identical
 livestock. This characteristic of agricultural production determines that
 agricultural production activities are greatly restricted and affected by
 natural conditions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-91 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Fa 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fa 
Title: Lecture 1: Industrial Production Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 Industrial production is one kind of material production. It can generally
 be divided into three parts: (1) The extraction of natural resources or
 minerals. Examples are the extraction of coal, petroleum, black metallic
 ores (iron and manganese ores), nonferrous ores (copper, lead, zinc,
 tungsten, antimony, tin, and molybdenum ores), rare metallic ores (radium,
 uranium, vanadium, and titanium ores), nonmetallic ores (asbestos, mica,
 and graphite ores), chemical ores (sulphur, pyrite, fluor-spar ores), and
 so forth; the cutting of timber; the harvesting of wild fish, shellfish
 (shrimp, crabs, clams, and mussels), seaweeds (kelp and purple seaweed),
 and other marine products; the making of sea salt and the extraction of
 rock salt; the generation of hydroelectric power, and so forth. (2) The
 processing of agricultural products, such as flour milling, rice milling,
 oil pressing, sugar making, spinning, livestock slaughtering, milk
 refining, leather tanning, and so forth. (3) Manufacturing or repairing,
 such as the smelting of metallic ores into metals, the making of machines
 from metals, the generation of electricity from various fuels (coal,
 petroleum, and uranium), machine repairing, and so forth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 35-50 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U56848G8753JW38P 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en T'ieh-cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: T'ieh-cheng 
Title: Lecture 3: Transport Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 The transport industry can generally be divided into two different types.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-80 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V351810L327G7224 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P'eng Jung-ch'Ã¼an 
Author-X-Name-First: P'eng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung-ch'Ã¼an 
Title: Lecture 5: Capital Construction Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 Capital construction is the increase in or replacement of fixed
 assets,>sup>1>/sup> or simply the expanded reproduction of fixed assets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-107 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W24R877763146862 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:11:y:1977:i:2:p:92-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Chih-yin 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih-yin 
Title: Lecture 14: Cultural, Educational, and Health Services Planning Tables 
Abstract:
 The cultural, educational, and health services plan is part of the
 national economic plan. It is a plan that reflects the increase in
 people's cultural standard of living. Its basic tasks are determined by
 the present political and economic tasks of the state. Its basic tasks
 are: (1) to train all kinds of manpower for the state, the most important
 being industrial technicians and scientific researchers; and (2) to
 improve gradually the cultural life of the working people on the basis of
 developing production and increasing labor productivity. To make the
 development of cultural, educational, and health services match the needs
 of the state and the people, when formulating the cultural, educational,
 and health services plan, we must conduct a comprehensive study taking
 into account the policies of the Party and state regarding all the
 cultural, educational, and health services, the degree to which the
 quantity of state financial resources can be increased, the subjective
 feasibilities inherent in the development patterns of all the cultural and
 educational services, the needs of the state and the people for cultural,
 educational, and health services, and the historical conditions of
 different services and different regions. To satisfy the daily increasing
 cultural needs of the people, we must also rely on the masses and mobilize
 mass enthusiasm for running various mass cultural, educational, and health
 services in addition to those cultural, educational, and health services
 operated by the state.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 158-169 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 11 
Year: 1977 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tao Chu 
Author-X-Name-First: Tao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chu 
Title: A Discussion on the Problems of Economic Laws During the Transitional Period 
Abstract:
 Since 1958, the people of China, under the leadership of the Chinese
 Communist Party and Comrade Mao Tse-tung, have staunchly followed the
 General Party Line of socialist reconstruction, supported the"Great Leap
 Forward" and the policy of the People's Commune which resulted in the
 massive victory of socialist reconstruction in our country. As a result of
 these efforts, the principal targets set for the Second Five-Year Plan
 were reached three years ahead of the schedule; in terms of the progress
 achieved, each year has been a record year.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ts'ai Chien-hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Ts'ai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chien-hua 
Title: Refuting the Production Price Theory of Comrade Yang Chien-Pai and Others 
Abstract:
 Since 1963, Comrade Yang Chien-pai >u>et al>/u>. have written a number of
 articles openly propagandizing the existence of average profit and
 production price in socialist economy, and newspapers and magazines have
 published quite a few articles discussing this subject. In the discussion,
 the viewpoints held by the two sides are diametrically opposite to each
 other. The controversy involves not only certain fundamental principles of
 Marxist political economy, but also the management principle and guiding
 ideology of socialist economics as well as the problem of direction and
 future of national economic development. For this reason, it is very
 necessary that the controversy be clarified through debate.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ts'ai Chien-hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Ts'ai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chien-hua 
Title: Refuting the Production Price Theory of Comrade Yang Chien-Pai and Others 
Abstract:
 Since 1963, Comrade Yang Chien-pai >u>et al>/u>. have written a number of
 articles openly propagandizing the existence of average profit and
 production price in socialist economy, and newspapers and magazines have
 published quite a few articles discussing this subject. In the discussion,
 the viewpoints held by the two sides are diametrically opposite to each
 other. The controversy involves not only certain fundamental principles of
 Marxist political economy, but also the management principle and guiding
 ideology of socialist economics as well as the problem of direction and
 future of national economic development. For this reason, it is very
 necessary that the controversy be clarified through debate.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D527106P07605K65 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hsueh Mo-chiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsueh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mo-chiao 
Title: Several Pending Problems Concerning Commodity Prices in Our Socialist Economy Which Await Discussion 
Abstract:
 As in a capitalist economy, the prices of various commodities in a
 socialist economy are determined in principle by their value. To determine
 the price of a given commodity, one must first of all determine its value.
 However, a socialist economy is after all different from that of a
 capitalist economy, and consequently should have its own economic
 character.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H76H20T087112M06 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Hsun 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsun 
Title: On Frugality for Increased Production 
Abstract:
 This year, 1966, our country's socialist reconstruction entered upon its
 third Five-Year Plan. In the course of this new Five-Year Plan, our
 national economy will have forged ahead to a more advanced stage of
 development. It will have established for our country an independent and
 comparatively complete industrial economic system. It should achieve
 modernization of our agricultural production, industrial production, and
 defense system, and update all our scientific technology, as well as lay a
 sound and firm foundation. At the same time, we also expect that during
 this period the cultural and material standards of our peasants, workers,
 and others will be raised to a higher level.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-57 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-yung Chiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-yung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiang 
Title: Several Related Questions Concerning Industrial (and Commercial) Management and AdmInistration 
Abstract:
 Today, along the frontline of China's industrial revolution â which is
 moving forward with the high tide of our national reconstruction and
 technical innovation, and developing with revolutionary speed â the
 problems of enterprise management are also in the process of a great
 revolution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 11-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=03453R0T7738086T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: YÃ¼ Ch'iu-li 
Author-X-Name-First: YÃ¼ 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'iu-li 
Title: Mobilize The Whole Party. Fight a Decisive Battle for Three Years. Strive Hard to Basically Realize Agricultural MÃ©chanization 
Abstract:
 Our conference, following the line of the Eleventh National Party Congress
 and guided by Chairman Mao's "There will be a Great Leap Forward in China"
 and "A Letter on the Question of Agricultural Mechanization" and by
 Chairman Hua's relevant directives, has thoroughly discussed the problem
 of basically realizing agricultural mechanization in 1980. We have decided
 on some important policies and measures and have further defined various
 programs. Under the brilliant leadership of Chairman Hua and the Party's
 Central Committee and with the joint efforts of the participating
 comrades, the conference has been a success. Now I would like to talk
 about a few questions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=043J35137J6568M6 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'ien Hsueh-sen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'ien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsueh-sen 
Title: Modern Science and Technology 
Abstract:
 The modernization of science and technology is a key to building China
 into a socialist power that has modern agriculture, modern industry, a
 modern national defense and modern science and technology. But to
 modernize China's science and technology, first it is necessary to have a
 clear idea of what constitutes modern science and technology. I
 participated in some discussions recently. I have written down what I know
 about this problem for our reference in the hope of mutually raising our
 understanding.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 110-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2H0233NK3V87573J 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: jih-pao 
Title: The Output of Crude Oil in the First Half of This Year Reaches the Highest Level in History 
Abstract:
 (NCNA, July 9, 1977) The brilliant leader Chairman Hua's call for "Taching
 to reach for even higher targets and for petroleum departments to create
 ten more âTaching Oil Fieldsâ greatly encouraged the broad staff and
 workers of the national petroleum front. They deeply exposed and
 criticized the counterrevolutionary revisionist line of the "Gang of
 Four," continued to exploit the spirit of waging revolution with all-out
 efforts, braved high winds, snow and freezing cold, overcame all sorts of
 difficulties, and overfulfilled the national crude oil targets set for the
 first half of the year. The output of crude oil reached the highest level
 in history, 10.6 percent over the output of the same period last year. A
 record was also set in natural gas production when one and a half times
 the annual target was produced in half a year. The rate of well drilling
 increased continuously. The national monthly footage of wells drilled in
 May and June increased nearly 100 percent compared with that of the
 average month in the first quarter. More than ten records in well drilling
 were broken. The 7001 Well-Drilling Team in Szechuan Province drilled to a
 depth of 7,000 meters. It also completed exploration of the 7,000-meter
 deep well with Chinesemade instruments, thus setting the latest drilling
 and exploring record in China. In petroleum surveys, high-yield oil and
 gas wells were struck in new areas. Crude-oil refining and outputs of
 major petroleum products also exceeded the state targets set for the first
 half of this year.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 139-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: >u>Editor's Introduction>/u> 
Abstract:
 The People's Republic of China has embarked upon a pragmatic program of
 rapid and comprehensive modernization in the four key sectors of
 agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense. This
 double issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> reviews the Chinese
 literature concerning China's economic policy in this regard under
 Chairman Hua Kuo-feng.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5R21T2XX4867L475 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: jih-pao 
Title: Accelerate the Pace of China's Agricultural Mechanization 
Abstract:
 The Annual State Plan of Many Agricultural-Machinery Products in China Has
 Been Fulfilled Ahead of Time. Product Quality and Labor Productivity Have
 Considerably Improved. A Sizable Army for Agricultural Mechanization Is
 Growing Up.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-40 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7QM4G18K52177276 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Ch'iang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'iang 
Title: Distinguish the Correct Line From the Incorrect Ones; Actively Develop Socialist Foreign Trade 
Abstract:
 The Eleventh National Party Congress has been successfully convened, and
 the people of China are celebrating the twenty-eighth anniversary of the
 founding of the People's Republic of China. Reviewing the past and looking
 ahead to the future, we are filled with confidence.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G36J74M56724122G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: jih-pao 
Title: Push Technical Innovation and Technology Revolution in a Big Way; Develop Industrial Production at High Speed 
Abstract:
 Yuan Pao-hua, deputy director of the State Planning Commission, gave a
 speech at the recent national conference to exchange experience on
 technical innovation in industry and transportation. He emphatically
 pointed out: We must thoroughly implement Chairman Mao's directive to
 "break away from conventions and adopt advanced technology as much as
 possible" and Chairman Hua's directive to "push technical innovation and
 technology revolution with all-out efforts and rapidly raise
 productivity," arming all sectors of the national economy with modern
 technology as quickly as possible.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 104-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HH7Q5PH673432613 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I. Fang 
Author-X-Name-First: I. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang 
Title: Abstract of a Report on the State of Science and Education Delivered by Comrade Fang i at the Seventh Enlarged Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 
Abstract:
 (NCNA, December 29, 1977) Fang I, a member of the Politburo of the Chinese
 Communist Party's Central Committee and vice-president of the Academy of
 Sciences, delivered "A Report on the State of Science and Education" at
 the Seventh Enlarged Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourth
 National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
 Conference. An excerpt follows: On behalf of the State Council, I will
 talk to the Seventh Enlarged Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
 Fourth National Committee of the Political Consultative Conference on the
 state of science and education in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 124-138 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J16538TH18X71427 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: jih-pao 
Title: We Must Run State Farms Well 
Abstract:
 The brilliant leader Chairman Hua pointed out: "There is a great deal of
 potential in farms. We must run state farms well." This is a combat appeal
 to the national agricultural reclamation front. After the "Gang of Four"
 has been smashed, the country must be properly run, agriculture must be
 greatly developed, and state farms under the socialist system of ownership
 by the whole people should take the lead in making more contributions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-10 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M308237604XMP056 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en Yung-kuei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yung-kuei 
Title: Treat Farmland Capital Construction as a Great Socialist Task 
Abstract:
 After the "Gang of Four" was smashed, the Party Central Committee headed
 by Chairman Hua put forth a strategic decision on running the country by
 grasping the key link. It requested that the four modernizations be
 realized in the present century in order to build China into a modern
 socialist power. The immediate results are expected to be achieved in a
 year and the long-run results in three years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N642877418XM7006 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: jih-pao 
Title: March Toward the Modernization of National Defense Science and Technology 
Abstract:
 The brilliant leader Chairman Hua and the Party Central Committee have
 decided to convene a National Science Conference in the spring of next
 year in order to mobilize the whole Party, the whole armed forces, various
 nationalities of the country and all the science and technology workers to
 march toward the modernization of science and technology. This is another
 important task in carrying out the strategic decision of running the
 country by grasping the key link. It reflects the common aspiration of
 hundreds of millions of people and also the aspiration of all the
 commanders and fighters and the broad science and technology workers. We
 are anxiously looking forward to this important development in the history
 of China's science development, and we will welcome the convening of this
 National Science Conference with concrete action and outstanding
 achievements in developing national defense science and technology.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 98-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q5M427028168218T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P'eng Ch'ung 
Author-X-Name-First: P'eng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'ung 
Title: Fully Utilize and Actively Develop Shanghai's Industry and Make Even Greater Contributions Toward the Realization of the Four Modernizations 
Abstract:
 The Eleventh National Party Congress, an important milestone in the
 history of our Party, pushed China's socialist revolution and construction
 to a new stage of development. The brilliant leader Chairman Hua called
 upon the whole Party to raise high Chairman Mao's great banner, insist on
 the Party's basic line in the historical stage of socialism, grasp the key
 link in running the country, continue revolution, and strive to build a
 modern socialist power. The 10 million people of Shanghai warmly responded
 to the appeal of Chairman Hua and the Party Central Committee. They
 welcomed the new battle with full confidence and expected to win a new
 victory.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 153-168 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1978 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U6332P78G6061430 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuo Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Title: Why Did the "Gang of Four" Limit Chairman Mao's Directives on Theoretical Questions to the Restriction of Bourgeois Rights? 
Abstract:
 At the end of 1974, the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao issued some
 important directives on theoretical questions. The purpose of these
 directives was to clarify to the people of the whole country the problem
 of bourgeois dictatorship. These directives explained in depth the
 necessity of tightly grasping the struggle between the proletariat and the
 bourgeoisie and between the socialist road and the capitalist road and
 firmly upholding the brilliant thought of the continuing revolution under
 the proletarian dictatorship in the socialist period. They pointed out in
 greater detail to the people of the whole country the direction of
 opposing and preventing revisionism, consolidating the proletarian
 dictatorship and building socialism.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 109-113 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=031751482Q5UWU65 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue consists of eight articles selected from >u>Jingji yanjiu>/u>
 [Economic Research], a theoretical journal on political economy published
 in the People's Republic of China. After twelve years of suspension,
 publication was resumed in January 1978. Many of the authors are the same
 prolific writers who were active prior to the demise of the journal in
 1966: Sun Yefang, one-time director of the Economics Institute; Xue
 Mujiao, former director of the State Statistical Bureau, and Xu Dixin, an
 economics professor. A scrutiny of the first twelve issues reveals a
 revival of some lively discussions on a wide range of concepts and
 theories including profits, economic accounting, pricing, and so on. The
 first five issues, however, deal with virtually all of the theoretical
 disputes between Zhang, Wang, Jiang, and Yao, the "gang of four," and the
 mainstream economists. This is what the eight articles published here are
 all about. Interesting as the other articles may be, space limitations do
 not allow us to provide cover-to cover-to-cover translations of the
 journal. Instead, therefore, >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u>, in the next
 issue, will publish the tables of contents of >u>Jingji yanjiu>/u>
 beginning with the January 1978 issue up to the current issue. Thereafter
 we will continue to provide this service to our readers as space permits.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4861330XR62V5852 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jingji yanjiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jingji 
Author-X-Name-Last: yanjiu 
Title: Economic Science Must Serve the Purpose of Developing the National Economy at High Speed 
Abstract:
 Our great motherland has entered a new historical era of development. To
 realize rapid development of the national economy and to build China into
 a socialist power having a modern agriculture, modern industry, modern
 national defense and modern science and technology in this century is
 certainly not a purely economic problem. It is rather an extremely acute
 and extremely important political problem. This is so because the domestic
 and international situations, and our fundamental tasks, require that
 China's national economy be developed at high speed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-17 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=56JG74G54366K080 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Wenxiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenxiao 
Title: Would Money in a Socialist Economy Inevitably Breed a Bourgeoisie? 
Abstract:
 In early February 1975, in scheming to distort and revise Chairman Mao's
 directives on theoretical issues in order to meet the political needs of
 the counterrevolutionary conspiracy of the "gang of four," Yao Wenyuan, a
 villainous illiterate in Marxism-Leninism who is skillful in fabricating
 counterrevolutionary literature, exclaimed: "DÃ¼hring's economic commune
 is interesting. Engels rejected it on the grounds that commune exchange
 was still based on equal price and that it was still capitalistic.
 Commodities can turn into money, and money can be stored, leading to
 disparities in wealth, usury and different social classes."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-44 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6H246J1H350N6384 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Chairman Mao's Contribution to the Development of Marxism on the Questions of Transforming Production Relations and Developing the Productive Forces 
Abstract:
 The contributions of the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao to the
 Chinese and world revolutions and to Marxism-Leninism are unsurpassed by
 any contemporaries. The brilliant leader Chairman Hua said in his
 political report to the Eleventh National Party Congress: "Chairman Mao
 was the greatest contemporary Marxist. Chairman Mao combined the universal
 truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese and
 world revolutions. He inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism
 in philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-86 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7M18857537652046 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Haibo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haibo 
Author-Name: Zhou Shulian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shulian 
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: Distribution According to Labor is not an Economic Base for the Emergence of the Bourgeoisie 
Abstract:
 In order to subvert the proletarian dictatorship and restore capitalism,
 the Wang, Zhang, Jiang, and Yao "gang of four" frantically slandered the
 socialist system. The big publicity they gave to the position that
 distribution according to labor was the economic base which would breed
 the bourgeoisie was a component of these counterrevolutionary activities.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 114-133 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G866820802563V13 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Ruiliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiliang 
Title: A Rebuttal of the "Gang of Four's" Fabrication â The "Duality in Socialist Production Relations" 
Abstract:
 In their vain attempt to usurp the highest power of the Party and the
 state, restore capitalism, and impose the dictatorship of the landlords
 and the bourgeoisie, the Wang, Zhang, Jiang and Yao anti-Party "gang of
 four" came up with a counterrevolutionary political program that
 identified the old cadres as "democrats" and the "democrats" as
 "capitalist roaders." They alleged that a "bourgeoisie" existed in the
 Communist Party and pointed their spearheads toward a large number of
 leadership comrades in the Party, the government and the armed forces at
 both the central and the local levels.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-36 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M0LM77485127836L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jingji yanjiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jingji 
Author-X-Name-Last: yanjiu 
Title: Expose and Criticize the "Gang of Four" on the Economic Theory Front â Carry The Struggle to the End 
Abstract:
 The great political revolution to expose and criticize the "gang of four"
 â Wang, Zhang, Jiang and Yao â is developing in depth, and initial
 achievements have been made in implementing the strategic decision to run
 the country by grasping the key link proposed by the Party Central
 Committee headed by the brilliant leader Chairman Hua. In line with the
 generally excellent conditions in the country, an encouraging situation
 has also emerged on the economic theory front. The magazine >u>Jingji
 yanjiu>/u>, which has been suspended for a number of years, is now making
 a reappearance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-55 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N58631368787703T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Zili 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zili 
Author-Name: You Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: You 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: On the Relations Between Politics and Economics 
Abstract:
 The Marxist viewpoint concerning the relationship between politics and
 economics is a development of the historical materialist doctrine on the
 relations between the productive forces and production relations and
 between the economic base and the superstructure in the real life.
 According to the theory of historical materialism, economics determines
 politics, and politics in turn reacts on economics. The Wang, Zhang,
 Jiang, and Yao "gang of four" did not mention the productive forces and
 rarely talked about production relations. They talked exclusively about
 the superstructure and firmly upheld an historical idealism which claimed
 that the superstructure determines everything. They widely publicized this
 fallacy and created a great deal of confusion about the relationship
 between politics and economics. Clearing up this confusion is an important
 task in our effort penetratingly to criticize and repudiate the "gang of
 four."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-108 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P2U68W777365776U 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Chongwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chongwei 
Author-Name: Wang Zhenzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenzhi 
Title: On the Question of Increasing Enterprise Earnings and Accelerating Capital Accumulation 
Abstract:
 At present, our country has entered a new period of development in
 socialist revolution and socialist construction. It is our people's
 glorious and arduous task to strive to implement the strategic decision of
 Chairman Hua and the Party Central Committee to grasp the key link of
 class struggle and bring about great order across the land, speed up
 socialist construction in our country, and successfully carry out the
 general program of the ten-year plan for the development of our national
 economy in order to build our country into a modern, powerful socialist
 state by the end of the century.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-94 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2643271331124G67 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: The Concept of Economic Effects in the Production of Material Values Under the Condition of Socialism 
Abstract:
 This is an old manuscript. In 1963 I had intended to write a book on
 economic effects in the production of material values under the condition
 of socialism. I only wrote about a hundred and several tens of thousands
 of words, but did not finish the book. This is the first part of it. In
 addition to this, I still have on hand the second part called "Gezhong
 jingji xiaoguo zhibiao" [Various Indices of Economic Effects]. All the
 rest of the manuscript has been lost.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-55 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G50212H57P306W60 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue consists of four articles which appeared in early 1978 issues
 of >u>Jingji Yanjiu>/u> [Economic Research]. The first article,
 contributed by a senior economist, Yu Guanyuan, deals with the concept of
 use-value and with the question of how to measure economic efficiency.
 From either a theoretical or a methodological viewpoint, it is a scholarly
 work. Theoretically, it follows the Marxist doctrine measuring value in
 terms of labor, or the average socially necessary labor. Mr. Yu maintains
 that the concept of use-value is particularly important to a socialist
 economy in which production is for the purpose of meeting social needs
 rather than for profit as in a market economy in which exchange-value
 plays a dominant role. The kernel of the question lies in how to measure
 use-value. Marx held the view that "a use-value, or useful article,
 therefore, has value only because human labor in the abstract has been
 embodied or materialized in it. How, then, is the magnitude of this value
 to be measured? Plainly, by the quantity of the value-creating substance,
 the labor, contained in the article" (Capital, Chas. H. Kerr and Co.
 edition [New York: Random House,], p. 45).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G62131X306P31103 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Peihua 
Author-X-Name-First: Fan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peihua 
Title: Economic Accounting in Yantai [Chefoo] District Highway Transport Company 
Abstract:
 The Yantai District Highway Transport Company was formerly the Jiaodong
 Transport Brigade established by merging the Automobile Brigade of
 Jiaodong Depot of the East China Military Region with the Transportation
 Section under the Jiaodong Bureau of Industry and Commerce. In 1949 it
 only had 700 staff and workers and had at its disposal less than a hundred
 motor vehicles captured from the enemy. Guided by Chairman Mao's
 revolutionary line, this transport company has made great progress over
 the last twenty-eight years. It now has 3,722 staff and workers and 729
 motor-vehicles in operation. It carries out the task of transporting both
 passengers and freight on the trunk highways in the whole district,
 serving as its main force on the highway transport front. Since it
 launched the campaign to learn from Daqing in industry in 1964, it has
 overfulfilled the state plan ahead of schedule each year for fourteen
 years in a row.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-68 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H770017634233813 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Ru 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ru 
Title: Socialist Accumulation and Enterprise Profits 
Abstract:
 At present, led by Chairman Hua and the Party Central Committee, the whole
 Party and the people of the whole country have been mobilized into a
 gigantic effort for the fulfillment of the general task in the new stage
 of socialist revolution and socialist construction and for building our
 country into a powerful socialist state. In order to accelerate the speed
 of the construction of socialism, it is necessary to accumulate large
 amounts of capital. As early as the beginning of the First Five-Year Plan,
 Chairman Mao pointed out: "Construction requires capital." (>u>1>/u>)
 Everybody knows that in our effort to build socialism we must continuously
 expand socialist output. Where does the large amount of capital needed for
 expanding output come from? There can be no other source than accumulation
 by socialist economic undertakings. Socialist accumulation is the only
 source for the expansion of socialist output, and the major source for
 socialist accumulation is the profits of the socialist enterprises.
 Because of this, Chairman Mao consistently stressed that all socialist
 economic undertakings must implement economic accounting and accumulate
 capital for socialist construction. However, the anti-Party clique of the
 "gang of four" brazenly opposed Chairman Mao's teaching and unscrupulously
 blamed the socialist enterprises in our country for their implementation
 of economic accounting and their fulfillment of the profit targets set by
 the state plan, slandering them all as practicing the "revisionist line."
 The sabotage and interference of the "gang of four" not only confused
 people's thinking but also seriously affected the progress of socialist
 national economy. Whether the socialist enterprises need to make profits
 and whether the state needs to have accumulation has been a major issue of
 right or wrong on the economic front during the eleventh two-line
 struggle. It is extremely necessary that we now straighten out this
 matter, clarifying the right and wrong and drawing a clear line between
 them so that people's minds can be emancipated and more capital can be
 accumulated for the construction of socialism with greater, faster, better
 and more economical results.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 95-106 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 12 
Year: 1979 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kao Hsiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiang 
Title: On People's Savings Under Socialism 
Abstract:
 People's savings under the socialist system of our country, in its present
 stage of development, takes primarily two forms: one is to deposit savings
 in the national banks (which by nature are owned by the whole people),
 thereby reflecting the credit relationships between the people and the
 state. The other is to deposit savings in the credit cooperatives (which
 are by nature collectively owned), thus representing the relationships of
 the people in the rural communes. In addition, there are mutual funds set
 up by workers and employees in various enterprises, organizations, and
 institutions of towns and cities; these are in effect savings
 organizations of a collective nature.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-75 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1967 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong Yuanpeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanpeng 
Title: A Few Issues Concerning Socialist Accumulation 
Abstract:
 Is accumulation necessary in socialist society? This is actually a
 self-evident question which needs no answer. However, out of their need to
 usurp the Party and state power, the "gang of four" spared no efforts in
 opposing and undermining socialist accumulation, causing great confusion
 in theory which must be clarified.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8108511T6P244751 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: A Trial Exposition on the Question of "Increasing Production and Income" in the Rural People's Communes 
Abstract:
 "Increasing production and income" is a major economic issue in the rural
 people's communes. It involves how the people's communes can provide the
 state with increasingly more abundant agricultural and sideline products
 and also how the people's communes can achieve sustained expanded output
 in order gradually to improve the living standards of the commune members.
 This article is intended to arouse more discussion through a preliminary
 exploration of certain problems involved.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A1577675323K1824 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John B. Leach 
Author-X-Name-First: John B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leach 
Title: Offshore: The Petroleum Industry in The People's Republic of China 1969-1978 
Abstract:
 Before the Communist regime came to power in the autumn months of 1949, it
 was generally believed that China's petroleum resources were very limited,
 perhaps nothing more than a few isolated deposits of shale oil. However,
 the remarkable achievements of the Chinese people in the oil industry over
 the years have done much to alter this belief. From a meager 121,000
 metric tons in 1949 (>u>1>/u>), China's output of crude oil soared to an
 impressive 90 million metric tons in 1976. (>u>2>/u>) Although the annual
 rate of increase has declined somewhat since 1974, these statistics
 represent an annual average rate of increase in crude output in excess of
 20 percent up to 1974. (>u>3>/u>) At present, the People's Republic of
 China ranks fifth in the world as a producer of primary energy, behind
 only the United States, the Soviet Union, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.
 (>u>4>/u>)
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 105-151 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B702J2435090N52G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FW5H2T846468456L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Chuandong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuandong 
Author-Name: Tian Jiasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiasen 
Title: Implement the "Four Unifications" and Bring into Full Play the Role of Farm Machinery 
Abstract:
 Yantai District in Shandong Province is one of the areas in our country in
 which a comparatively good job has been done in the mechanization of
 agriculture. Compared with 1965, by 1977 the whole area had increased its
 power-driven machinery for agricultural use by 15 times, tractors by 58
 times and irrigation machinery by 9 times. Now the entire district has
 more than 29,200 tractors and over 105,900 pieces of irrigation and
 drainage machinery and has a total of 1,989,700 horsepower of power-driven
 machinery, averaging 178.5 horsepower per production brigade. By 1977, as
 much as 59 percent of the cultivated area of the district was plowed by
 machinery, 61.6 percent of the total sown acreage was seeded by machinery,
 and 72.6 percent of the total irrigated land was irrigated by machinery.
 The advance in the level of mechanization of agriculture has expedited the
 development of agricultural production. In the meantime, however, many new
 problems have cropped up whose solution provides a challenge. For example,
 90 percent of the tractors in the district are owned by the brigades.
 Because farm machinery and implements are not evenly distributed and the
 crops do not mature at the same time, some of the production brigades and
 teams urgently need farm machinery and implements while others have their
 machinery and implements lie idle during the busy farming seasons in
 summer and fall. Lacking a complete set of accessories, some tractors
 cannot run at their full capacity. All this serves to illustrate that the
 form of "I buy it, I use it, and I manage it" in using and managing
 agricultural machinery has become an impediment to giving full play to the
 role of agricultural machinery. This is not in keeping with the greatly
 expanded productive forces resulting from the mechanization of
 agriculture. In order to solve this contradiction, Yantai District summed
 up and popularized in the fall of 1974 the experience of the "four
 unifications" of Xiyou Commune of Yexian >u>xian>/u> in using agricultural
 machinery. Starting from the summer of 1974, this commune, based on the
 principle of free volition and mutual benefit, put all the agricultural
 machinery of the various brigades under the charge of the commune during
 the busy farming seasons in summer and fall in order to implement the
 system of unified command, unified operation, unified maintenance and
 unified accounting. In this way, they were able to expand the role of
 agricultural machinery during the busy farming seasons. Out of the 303
 people's communes in Yantai District, 143 had already adopted the
 management and operation method of the "four unifications" as of last
 year. The rest of the communes will implement the same method this year.
 Quite a few >u>xian>/u> and communes have implemented the method, not only
 in the busy farming seasons but also in the struggle against natural
 disasters and in capital construction on farmland.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=QL4241G111G7V520 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Qian 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian 
Author-Name: Cao Dichen 
Author-X-Name-First: Cao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dichen 
Author-Name: Yi Hongren 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongren 
Author-Name: Shao Xiuyun 
Author-X-Name-First: Shao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiuyun 
Author-Name: Li Chunxia 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunxia 
Title: Investigative Report: A Few Problems Involved in the Effort to Speed up Agricultural Mechanization as Seen from the Experience at Wuming 
Abstract:
 Wuming is situated in the southern section of the Guangxi Zhuang
 Autonomous Region. It is an advanced >u>xian>/u> in the movement to learn
 from Dazhai in agriculture. In 1976 it had a population of nearly 500,000,
 out of which 460,000 were peasants, and a cultivated area of approximately
 850,000 >u>mou.>/u>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RHX92L0M326T0687 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Jianzhang 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianzhang 
Author-Name: Wu Kaitai 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaitai 
Title: A Few Problems Concerning How to Accelerate the Development of our Country's Agriculture 
Abstract:
 The inadequacy of agriculture's progress to meet the demands stemming from
 the development of industry and other sectors poses a striking
 contradiction which our national economy faces today. Our country has a
 large population and little arable land. Being restricted by a low level
 of mechanization, the labor productivity of our agriculture remains low
 and so does the marketable rate of agricultural products. Forestry, animal
 husbandry, and fisheries also move forward at a slow pace. Marx said, "An
 agricultural labor productivity which exceeds the laborer's personal needs
 constitutes the foundation of all societies." (>u>1>/u>) If we do not
 rapidly change this backward state of agriculture in our country, it will
 inevitably impede the progress of the entire national economy. In his
 report on the work of the government delivered at the Fifth National
 People's Congress, Chairman Hua put forward the general task during the
 new stage of development. Accelerating the development of agriculture is
 an urgent need in fulfilling the general task of the new stage. In the
 report, Chairman Hua listed "mobilizing the whole nation and going in for
 agriculture in a big way" as the first measure in our effort to speed up
 socialist construction. The Outline of the Ten-Year Plan for the
 Development of the National Economy adopted by the Fifth National People's
 Congress requires that a solid foundation be laid for agriculture. By 1985
 we are to produce 400 billion kilograms of grain, and a relatively high
 level will be attained in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry,
 sideline production and fisheries. From 1978 to 1985, the gross value of
 agricultural output is to increase by 4 to 5 percent, and by the end of
 this century, the output per unit of major agricultural products is
 expected to reach or surpass advanced world levels. This is an even higher
 rate than that of the past. Chairman Mao personally fostered Dazhai as a
 banner. The rapid development of agriculture in Dazhai Brigade gave us an
 example from which to learn. Chairman Hua pointed out: "In order to effect
 an upswing in agriculture, we rely mainly on learning conscientiously from
 Dazhai, practicing scientific farming and speeding up mechanization."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liang Wensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Liang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wensen 
Title: Profit and Accumulation are two Categories 
Abstract:
 The "gang of four" blurred the distinction between socialist profit and
 the practice of "putting profits in command," causing great confusion in
 theory and ideology. As one of the negative results, people evade the term
 profit but use the term accumulation as a substitute for it. As a matter
 of fact, the substitution of accumulation for profit is neither scientific
 nor correct. It may cover up the gains and losses of an enterprise and is
 therefore detrimental to economic accounting. In light of this, it is
 necessary to discuss the distinction and relationship between these two
 categories.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-11 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1979 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y41H27X367787451 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: Economic Effect and the Quality of Products 
Abstract:
 The concept of economic effect varies with the differing natures of social
 production. The goal of capitalist production is to create surplus value
 for the capitalist, whose means for achieving this goal is to advance a
 certain amount of capital.** Because of this, the economic effect, as
 defined in capitalist production, cannot but be a ratio between the
 surplus value the capitalist gained and the capital he advanced. As far as
 the capitalist is concerned, to produce the same amount of surplus value
 with a smaller amount of prepaid capital means a larger economic effect,
 while a larger amount of prepaid capital means a smaller economic effect.
 The reverse is also true. With the same amount of advanced capital, the
 economic effect is greater when more surplus value is created, and the
 economic effect is smaller when lesser surplus value is created. In
 capitalist production the maximum economic effect is achieved when maximum
 surplus value is extracted with a minimum of advanced capital. This is
 precisely the concept of economic effect in capitalist production. In a
 socialist society, the purpose of production is to create use value to
 meet the needs of society. Labor is the means for a socialist society to
 achieve this goal. Therefore the economic effect, as defined in socialist
 production, cannot but be a ratio between the use value the socialist
 society obtains and the labor it consumes in production. In producing the
 same amount of use value, the economic effect is larger if less labor is
 consumed; the economic effect is smaller if more labor is consumed. The
 reverse is also true. By consuming the same amount of labor, the economic
 effect is larger if more use value is created; the economic effect is
 smaller if less use value is created. The maximum economic effect in
 socialist production means the production of maximum use value by the
 least possible labor consumption. The concept of economic effect in
 capitalist production is essentially different from that in socialist
 production. This is obvious.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: The Concept of Returns on Investment and the Method for Computation when Products have been Stripped of Their Special Forms 
Abstract:
 In our daily life there are various inputs and outputs. The fact that,
 under certain conditions, different products have different values gives
 rise to difficulties in our investigation of the returns on investment. To
 expedite our study, let us now simplify the problem: We first investigate
 how things would stand when products are temporarily assumed not to take
 any special forms; later we can drop this assumption and discuss the
 returns on investment with the special forms of products being taken into
 consideration.**
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-57 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5783J16M21P15221 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Mingfu 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mingfu 
Title: On the Economic form of Socialist Economy 
Abstract:
 Our nation is in the midst of discussing the problem of reforming the
 system of economic management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-82 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=67070707V518MM46 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Weiwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiwen 
Title: Energetically Organize the Exchange between Industrial and Agricultural Products 
Abstract:
 The Third Plenary Session of the Party's Eleventh Central Committee
 pointed out that the whole Party should now concentrate its main efforts
 on advancing agriculture as fast as possible and that "this requires first
 of all arousing the socialist enthusiasm of our country's several hundred
 million peasants, paying full attention to their material well-being,
 economically, and giving effective protection to their democratic rights,
 politically." The exchange between industrial and agricultural products is
 an important aspect of our rural economic policy. A crucial problem in
 this period during which we are advancing agriculture as fast as possible
 is to arouse the socialist enthusiasm of the peasants through exchange
 between industrial and agricultural products and the implementation of the
 Party's rural economic policy. Lenin had pointed out: "It is impossible to
 establish ... an altogether stable form of economic alliance between these
 two classes [the proletariat and the peasantry]. without regular commodity
 exchange or the exchange of products between industry and agriculture.
 (>u>1>/u>) That is to say, the successful organization of the commodity
 exchange between industrial and agricultural products is of great
 significance to the correct handling of our relations with the peasants,
 consolidation of the worker-peasant alliance, and socialist construction.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-95 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6856177110446550 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: Strengthen Research on the Problem of the Economics of Agricultural Technology 
Abstract:
 Agriculture is the foundation of our national economy. The improvement of
 labor productivity in agricultural production and the growth of the total
 output of agricultural products are prerequisites to the rapid growth of
 the entire national economy. In order to build our country into a powerful
 socialist state with modernized agriculture, industry, national defense,
 and science and technology, we need efforts from all sides. However,
 technological innovation in agriculture deserves our full attention.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-45 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C15986N87821W821 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Chaozun 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaozun 
Author-Name: Xiang Qiyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiyuan 
Author-Name: Huang Zhenqi 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenqi 
Title: Socialist Ownership by the Whole People and Commodity Production 
Abstract:
 Are there real commodity relationships among socialist enterprises owned
 by the whole people? This has been an important question on which Chinese
 economists have long debated. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh
 Central Committee of the Party called on us to act resolutely in
 accordance with economic laws, attaching importance to the role of the
 laws of value. In present circumstances, further theoretical discussion of
 the question of commodity relations among socialist enterprises owned by
 the whole people is of great practical significance if we are to utilize
 the laws of value more effectively and carry out the reform of the system
 of economic management. But long years of practical experience have shown
 this view to be at variance with the reality of socialist economic
 development. Those policies formulated according to this [erroneous] view
 have run into many problems in practical economic life.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-68 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M44025X883412002 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Zhengzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengzhi 
Title: Problems Regarding the Formation of Socialist Planned Price 
Abstract:
 At present, following the agenda for the reform of the system of economic
 management, the problems of price formation in socialist planning have
 attracted the wide attention of economists and economic theorists, and
 they have led to exuberant discussions. Here, we join the discussion and
 present some of our preliminary views on the issue of price formation in
 economic planning.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 96-115 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X67518622P36157W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Author-Name: Zhao Renwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renwei 
Title: On the Relations Between Planning and the Market in the Socialist Economy 
Abstract:
 >p>In socialist political economy there has been a long-standing view
 which holds that socialist economy is incompatible with the market because
 socialist economy is a planned economy while capitalist economy is a
 market economy. Then people gradually recognized the existence of
 commodity production and the law of value in socialist economy;
 nevertheless, they still place the role of planning in a position that
 absolutely excludes the role of commodity production, the law of value,
 and the mechanism of market. It seems, according to them, where planning
 works the mechanism of market will lose its effect; conversely, in places
 where planning has no effect the mechanism of market will function. This
 view of the market as incompatible with the nature of socialist economy
 has created a series of negative effects in our economic life. For
 example:>/p>>p>Production Out of Step with Needs. Owing to the lopsided
 emphasis on planning to the neglect of the market, our enterprises decide
 on what to produce and how much to produce mainly according to mandatory
 planned targets handed down from above. They are in no position to
 carefully arrange their production according to the actual needs in
 society. In this way, the products turned out according to plans imposed
 from above tend to be goods unsuitable for the market and result in
 overstocking. On the other hand, things needed in society are in short
 supply. In addition, the state monopolizes the purchase and marketing of
 the greater portion of products turned out by the enterprises, and
 according to a unified plan the state allocates to the enterprises the
 greater portion of the means of production they need. A horizontal contact
 is lacking between the producers and the consumers, A s they do not meet
 face to face, the producers are not aware of what is needed by the
 consumers, while the consumers cannot exert their influence over
 production. This inconsistency between planned targets and actual needs
 cannot be quickly shown through the market mechanism and rectified
 promptly, and the dislocation among production, supply, and marketing
 remains a long- standing problem difficult to solve.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-31 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wan Dianwu 
Author-X-Name-First: Wan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dianwu 
Title: A Suggestion that the Term "Net Output Value" be Used to Replace "Gross Output Value" as the Major Economic Index 
Abstract:
 In 1830, following the advance of capitalist industrial production, Sweden
 was the first to adopt in its statistics the index of "gross output
 value." In 1850 America started the statistics on gross output value. And
 after that, Britain, Germany, Russia, and Canada also successively adopted
 this index. Nevertheless, because of the drawbacks of the index itself,
 some countries later switched to "net output value" or other similar
 indexes. In 1932 America adopted the index of "net value added" (referring
 to the value newly added to the object of labor, that is, net output value
 plus depreciation charge of fixed assets). Since the Second World War,
 many countries have adopted this index. Now out of the 101 countries and
 areas recorded by the >u>Yearbook of Industrial Statistics>/u> compiled by
 the United Nations, 87 collect numerical data on "gross output value," 88
 collect numerical data on "new value added," and 80 collect both.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 98-103 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=60P008X395243065 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meng Lian 
Author-X-Name-First: Meng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lian 
Title: Is the Utilization of the Law of Value Optional? 
Abstract:
 Quite a few comrades often have this to say: "We must use the law of value
 to serve socialist economy." This argument is not only ambiguous in theory
 but also has brought about unfavorable consequences in reality. A
 clarification is thus called for.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 94-97 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=617453P3X8533L7X 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Jianzhang 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianzhang 
Title: Problems Involving the System of Planned Management of the Economy of Ownership by the Whole People in Our Country and the Direction of its Reform 
Abstract:
 The current system of planned management of the economy of ownership by
 the whole people in our country was basically transplanted from the Soviet
 Union in the 1950s. Even though the system has undergone several reforms
 since then, it has not, on the whole, broken away from the old,
 conventional system of planned management of the Soviet Union; namely, it
 lays emphasis on managing the economy by administrative measures rather
 than acting faithfully according to economic laws and managing the economy
 with economic devices. Such a management system invariably creates a
 series of insurmountable obstacles to the economic life of society,
 impeding the rapid progress of socialist economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-62 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L381U656JGW47068 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Dasheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dasheng 
Title: Is Not the Law of Value a Law of Commodity Economy? 
Abstract:
 The No. 11 issue of >u>Jingji yanjiu>/u> of 1978 carried Comrade Sun
 Yefang's article "Achieve a Comprehensive Understanding of Chairman Mao's
 Exposition on the Law of Value." I have gained much benefit from reading
 it. However, Comrade Sun holds that the law of value is not unique to
 commodity economy and that the law will continue to exist and play its
 role in the noncommodity economy of the future. This proposition is
 difficult to comprehend. Here I would like to present some of my personal
 views on this issue of whether the law of value is a law of commodity
 economy, in order to exchange views with Comrade Sun as well as with other
 comrades.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-93 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Jiaju 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiaju 
Title: Some Theoretical Issues Regarding the Law of Value 
Abstract:
 As early as the 1960s Comrade Sun Yefang was making many important
 suggestions concerning actual economic work, but they were not accepted at
 that time. Because of this he was later persecuted cruelly by Lin Biao and
 the "gang of four." Tested by time, however, these suggestions themselves,
 at least the greater portion, have shown more clearly than ever their
 correctness and practical significance. More's the pity that Comrade Sun
 Yefang fails to give his correct propositions equally correct theoretical
 forms. In particular, certain of his basic viewpoints on the issue of law
 of value are hardly acceptable. This article intends to bring up some
 questions for discussion with Comrade Sun in connection with one of his
 old articles entitled "Achieve a Comprehensive Understanding of Chairman
 Mao's Exposition on the Law of Value" (abbreviated to "Exposition" in the
 following) appearing in the No. 11 issue of >u>Jingji yanjiu>/u> in 1978.
 I hope that Comrade Sun Yefang and other comrades will criticize and
 correct any errors and misconceptions in this paper.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-83 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 13 
Year: 1980 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V4JW35P88631TT21 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chung Chieh 
Author-X-Name-First: Chung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chieh 
Title: The Unity of Theory and Practice 
Abstract:
 This is a review of an article entitled"Relying on Accumulated Labor for
 Capital Construction in Farmland and Water Conservation: An Investigation
 of Three Production Brigades in I-shui County," which appeared in
 >u>Ching-chi yen-chiu>/u>, 1965, No. 9. The article is the result of a
 long and much investigated field study of Ta-chai Collective Farm
 conducted by the agronomy section of the Economic Research Institute in
 Shantung Province. The economic analysis of the production activities in
 Ta-chai is excellent and is indeed worth reading.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=80355265465686P4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Pei-hsin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pei-hsin 
Title: A Brief Investigation Into the Nature of The Stability of The People'S Currency 
Abstract:
 Since the unification of our country's money and banking work in 1950 and
 the consequent prevention of inflation, the stability of our people's
 currency has been subjected to the trial and test of the Korean War, to
 the various external pressures that have been exerted against us in recent
 years, and to the three consecutive years of unprecedented natural
 disasters. Nevertheless, our currency has stood firm and maintained its
 stability. In a capitalist world of rampant inflation, where the
 purchasing power of the American dollar and British pound is tumbling one
 after the other, and under the conditions of a continually aggravated
 balance of payments crisis, our people's currency has stood out alone as
 completely stable in the domestic market and enjoying an unparalleled
 reputation and trust in foreign exchange and the world market. This must
 indeed demonstrate the increasing stability of our people's currency and
 the superiority of our socialist monetary system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-77 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8202642258N16114 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yueh Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Yueh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: Several Problems on the General Equilibrium of The National Economy 
Abstract:
 The general equilibrium of the national economy is an important problem in
 socialist construction. Some time ago, a great many discussions concerning
 this problem were conducted by China's economic circles. In this article,
 some of my personal approaches to such problems as the nature of general
 equilibrium, its content, its focus, and the principle of planning general
 equilibrium, etc., will be presented.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=876WN23285H24N55 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Furen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Furen 
Title: China's Economy Undergoes a Sharp Change 
Abstract:
 In the process of achieving socialist modernization, China's economy is
 undergoing an extremely extensive and profound change. Corresponding to
 the tremendous change in the economy, economic theory, which guides
 China's economic activities, also experiences a sharp reorientation. Of
 the various major changes, I would like to concentrate on the most
 important three.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=237526J071242515 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gu Nianliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nianliang 
Title: China's Current Effort to Import Technology and Its Prospects 
Abstract:
 I feel it is a great pleasure and honor to be invited by >u>Jingji dao
 bao>/u> [Economic Information Agency] to visit Hong Kong. Today I have the
 opportunity to get together with many old and new friends and exchange
 opinions with them over certain economic issues with which we are all
 concerned. Before 1949 I had worked in Hong Kong for a couple of years,
 and Hong Kong has left a deep impression on me. After a lapse of thirty
 years, today I revisit this once familiar place. I find Hong Kong has
 taken on an entirely new look. Many places which I used to know about have
 changed beyond recognition. As I see it, there is much in Hong Kong's
 economic development over the last thirty years from which we can draw
 useful lessons.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3231157203X97023 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cai Beihua 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beihua 
Title: Shanghai's Foreign Trade and its Prospects 
Abstract:
 I worked in Hong Kong from 1946 to 1949. After a lapse of more than thirty
 years, I came back to Hong Kong at the invitation of >u>Jingji dao bao>/u>
 [Economic Information Agency]. I am very pleased to have the chance to
 revisit this once familiar place and meet industrialists and businessmen
 in Hong Kong and friends in other circles. Today the topic I would like to
 address myself to is the current status of Shanghai's foreign trade and
 its prospects. Before getting to this topic, I would like to brief my
 friends on the basic situation in Shanghai.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4Q2HG62804563151 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Beginning in 1978 the People's Republic of China has embarked on a
 revolutionary reform of its economic system and rectified some of the
 gross blunders in its policy. Patterned after the Soviet model in the
 1950s, the Chinese economy is tightly controlled by the central
 government. The 360,000 state-owned enterprises have little freedom of
 action with regard to setting prices and disposing profits and losses.
 Instead, they are treated just like other nonproducing government agencies
 which turn in all their revenues to the state and receive appropriations
 from the state's general budget. Such a system in which there is no
 penalty for inefficiency or compensation for efficiency provides no
 incentive, and thus it breeds built-in bureaucratization and waste.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=940317Q57205075M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Prospects for China's Economy in The 1980s 
Abstract:
 My colleagues and I are from the Academy of Social Sciences of the
 People's Republic of China. At the invitation of the Economic Information
 Agency, we have come to Hong Kong to talk about the prospects for China's
 economy in the 1980s. Each of us will speak on one aspect of the issue. I
 will concentrate on four points in China's modernization, which are,
 first, its pursuit of the program on the basis of reality, second, the
 characteristics of the Chinese way of modernization, third, the importing
 of technology, and fourth, the prospects for the economy in the 1980s.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9522576187234R3W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Speakers at the Seminar 
Abstract:
 Member of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress;
 vice president, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and concurrently
 director of the Institute of Economics; professor of economics, Beijing
 University; vice-chairman, China Democratic National Construction
 Association.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 94-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C43713Q045802888 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Kuoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuoguang 
Title: On Reforming China's Economic Management System 
Abstract:
 â¦ China's economic system is made up of a wide range of component
 systems. They include, for instance, the planning system, financial
 system, labor system, materials system, commerce system, foreign trade
 system, etc. I was told that our friends in the industrial and commercial
 circles, especially those in Hong Kong, have shown particular concern for
 the reform of China's foreign trade system and other systems of external
 economic affairs. Our friends' headaches have been our bureaucratic style
 of work, low working efficiency, and practices that are not in accordance
 with the objective laws of China's economic system. In fact, the
 above-mentioned practices are hindering business negotiations and economic
 cooperation. China is determined to carry out reform of its economic
 system. That means we are going to get rid of these and other obstacles
 for the purpose of realizing the four modernizations program. However, the
 reform is not easily achieved because China is such a huge country, and
 its reform is a very complicated process. To succeed, it is necessary to
 carry out investigation and research, to find the ways and means and to
 accumulate experience for the intended reform. So far, there isn't any
 tested and comprehensive reform plan. We have only collected some ideas,
 different drafts, and small-scaled trial reforms in certain localities.
 Therefore, it is on this basis that I will discuss the reform of China's
 economic management system. The question of foreign trade and other
 foreign economic affairs will be dealt with by my colleagues. I would like
 to begin with an introduction of China's domestic economic system, its
 historical development, the major problems, and the goals of the current
 reform. This should provide the necessary background for the detailed
 discussion that follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J88512655V1816L8 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Ru 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ru 
Title: The Conception and Prospects of the Special Economic Zones in Guangdong 
Abstract:
 It has been thirty years since I left Hong Kong. I am glad that I have a
 chance to revisit Hong Kong to meet many old friends and also make new
 acquaintances. Today I would like to discuss with you the problem of the
 special economic zones in Guangdong Province.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-78 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K2327W497R713884 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: Tentative Study on The Reform of The Economic System 
Abstract:
 Comrade Xue Muqiao's article on reform of the economic management system
 points out a number of important problems. These are common problems found
 in many departments and localities. Our nation's economic system is in
 need of a comprehensive reformation. However, given the development and
 orientation of the reform of the system, which measures ought to be
 adopted in the reform of the economic system at this time? How we should
 coordinate the implementation of reforms in the area of distribution with
 those in the area of circulation, how we should integrate the reform of
 the system with the readjustment of the national economy, and a host of
 other questions remain pending further research into solutions. The
 contents of this article touch upon a series of questions of economic
 theory which require extensive development and in-depth discussion. This
 journal wishes to provide a forum for the development and discussion of
 this tentative study. We welcome everyone to submit manuscripts
 enthusiastically for publication.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 139-168 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8754131VK33GL617 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shulian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shulian 
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Author-Name: Wang Haibo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haibo 
Title: The Profit Category and Socialist Business Management 
Abstract:
 During the decade when Lin Eiao and the "Gang of Four" went on a rampage,
 the anti-Party clique, chanting "the most revolutionary" slogans but
 committing the most reactionary crimes, brought great catastrophe to the
 state and the nation. Among their countless crimes, the greatest was their
 destruction of our economy, capital construction, technological
 innovation, and economic management, pushing our national economy to the
 edge of bankruptcy. All this was done under the pretext of opposing "the
 theory that the production forces alone determine everything," "material
 incentives," "putting profit in command," etc. Now the nightmare is over.
 The sun shines once again over the magnificent land of 9.6 million square
 kilometers, and the 900 million people are marching boldly in high spirits
 on the broad road of socialist modernization. In the march forward,
 however, they have to overcome numerous hardships and difficulties. One of
 the gravest obstacles is the semifeudal and semicolonial mentality and the
 backward ancient traditions and customs that are deeply embedded in the
 ideology of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four." We should, therefore, fully
 expose their negative example and sweep away the remnants of the
 semifeudal and semicolonial mentality of old China, thus paving the way
 for the march forward toward the four modernizations and a powerful
 socialist state.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1980 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yinglu 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yinglu 
Title: The Management System of Materiel must be Reformed 
Abstract:
 The Ministry of Materiel is a logistics department, a vanguard, and also
 an agency of composite services. As the saying goes, "Logistics is already
 on its way before any troop movement." Whether it is agriculture or
 industry, whether it is capital construction or educational projects,
 whether it is national defense or scientific research (herein referring
 primarily to the means of production) materiel supplies are indispensable.
 To do a good job in materiel supply is absolutely necessary in building
 socialism at high speed. As stated in the communique of the Third Plenum
 of the Party's Eleventh Central Committee, we must make a conscientious
 effort to reform the system of economic management and methods of
 operation. Currently, our management of materiel poses a serious obstacle
 to the growth of the productive forces. Without a thorough overhaul of the
 system, it will certainly become a drag on the progress of the four
 modernizations program.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-47 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1981 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=220X346342J1H53M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Yangyan 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yangyan 
Title: A Discussion on the Starting Point and Main Basis for the Reform of Economic Structure 
Abstract:
 In order to speed up the development of socialist undertakings in our
 country, everyone of us is now seriously considering the reform of the
 existing economic management system. To solve the problems of what and how
 to reform, in my opinion, we must first grasp the present economic
 conditions, and the principles based on which we will launch the reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-37 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1981 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=95HM763X07Q12RH3 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhan Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Take the Road of Agricultural Modernization the Chinese Way 
Abstract:
 Leading comrades at the Center have proposed that we modernize our
 agriculture according to the actual situation in China and that we do it
 the Chinese way. This proposal calls for a further integration of
 Marxism-Leninism and China's four modernizations. In arousing the
 consciousness of the entire Party and of the people of the entire nation
 to implement the program and to accelerate its progress, this is truly
 significant. It has a profound historical meaning.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-89 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1981 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J071N4G248Q2177G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luo Jingfen 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jingfen 
Title: The Administrative System of the Economy should be Separated from the Administrative System of State Power 
Abstract:
 To a large extent, the organizationl form of economic administration
 depends on the development of the productive forces and the socialization
 of production. With the continued growth of the productive forces,
 especially the progress of socialized production, this organizational form
 has to undergo ceaseless change in order to keep pace with the
 socialization of production. As things stand in our country now, we
 urgently need to reorganize the fragmented enterprise under
 multi-leadership according to the principle of a coordinated
 specialization. Different types of business-oriented companies should be
 set up to replace step by step the backward organizational form of
 production in which administrative setups at the central and local levels
 directly manage and command industrial enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-29 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1981 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q62L71426H60142W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ye Yinsong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yinsong 
Title: Review of Thirty Years of Management of Commercial Undertakings and Suggestions for its Future Reform 
Abstract:
 This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the great
 People's Republic of China. Over the last thirty years, under the correct
 leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the vast numbers of employees
 of the commercial departments have conscientiously carried out the general
 policy "develop the economy and ensure supplies." Upholding politics and
 promoting production and following the mass line, they have continuously
 expanded and accelerated commodity circulation, energetically served
 production and the consumer, and accumulated funds for the state, thus
 making great contributions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-16 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1981 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q6K4830Q12024811 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Woo Chia-pei 
Author-X-Name-First: Woo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chia-pei 
Title: Application of Mathematical Methods in Economic Research and Planning 
Abstract:
 The application of mathematical methods to economic research has a long
 history. It may be said that economic science has been using mathematical
 terminology, formulas, and methods to a certain extent ever since the
 establishment of economics as a branch of social science.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-62 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J205600J115V5620 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su Hsing 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsing 
Title: The Two-Way Struggle Between Socialism and Capitalism in China's Rural Areas After Land Reform [Part 1] 
Abstract:
 This article is one of the things I have learned from studying Comrade Mao
 Tse-tung's"Concerning the Problem of Agricultural Cooperativization." It
 contains three chapters: (1)"There Is No Future for Peasants' Individual
 Economy"; (2)"The Rural Front, If Not Occupied by Socialism, Will
 Inevitably Be Occupied by Capitalism"; and (3)"Socialism Is the Direction
 of 500 Million Peasants." The first draft of this article was written in
 1958, and there have been many revisions since then. This year marks the
 tenth anniversary of the publication of"Concerning the Problem of
 Agricultural Cooperativization." This article is now published with the
 hope that it may provide some reference material for readers who wish to
 study this great Marxist-Leninist work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-35 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J52617375266K431 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Wen-kuei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wen-kuei 
Title: Discussion on the Characteristics, Objectives, and Methods of Planning Socialist Enterprises 
Abstract:
 It is important and significant that an industrial enterprise under
 socialism strengthen its planning work. As early as 1934, in his article
 entitled"Our Economic Policy," Comrade Mao Tse-tung had already pointed
 out:"Industrial operation needs proper planning. Although it is impossible
 to carry out comprehensive planning in atomistic handicraft industries, it
 is a dire necessity to draw detailed plans for some major enterprises,
 primarily those operated by the state and/or the cooperatives. What our
 state- and/or cooperative-operated enterprises should pay attention to at
 the very outset is an accurate accounting of the raw materials supply and
 of the market situation in both the enemy territory and our own bases."(1)
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-82 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K73811X5ML1X0596 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Che Chih 
Author-X-Name-First: Che 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih 
Title: A Brief Discussion on the Unity of Politics, Economics, and Technology in DesigningWork 
Abstract:
 Designing work forms an important front of socialist construction and is
 also a decisive phase in capital construction. Since the founding of the
 nation, China's designing work has gained tremendous achievements under
 the correct leadership of the party. Before the liberation, there were
 very few designing personnel in China, and even fewer who could undertake
 factory design. Today we already possess a designing engineer corps that
 has achieved a certain technological level and greater combative strength.
 This corps is capable not only of undertaking the designing of many modern
 large and medium-class factories and mines, such as the Ta-ch'ing Oil
 Fields, the train axles factory, and hydraulic pressure machines of
 12,000-ton capacity, etc., but also of designing such supreme projects as
 atomic energy independently. Considerable experiences have also been
 acquired and accumulated in our designing work. One of these experiences
 is that designing work is the comprehensive realization of politics,
 economics, and technology; and a good design formula must be a unity of
 politics, economics, and technology. It is therefore necessary to handle
 correctly political, economic, and technological relationships in
 designing work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-101 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 1 
Year: 1968 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U27029186771781G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wan Jing 
Author-X-Name-First: Wan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jing 
Title: Exploit the Potential of Enterprises and Speed up the Circulation of Materiel 
Abstract:
 A great deal of capital is required for socialist modernization. Where are
 these funds to come from? One source is external finance. However, this
 entails repayment of principal as well as interest, and owing to the
 limitations of one's ability to repay, the amount of external funds that
 can be borrowed is greatly limited. The basic way out of this is to rely
 on oneself and to exploit one's own internal potential. One source of
 internal potential lies in speeding up the circulation of funds. The total
 fixed assets, liquid assets, and the amounts earmarked for unfinished
 projects in basic construction is very great in our country. If we can
 raise the usage ratio of fixed assets by 10 percent, and the circulation
 rate of liquid funds also by 10 percent, and throw unfinished basic
 construction projects into production 10 percent faster, the funds so
 tapped will be more than twice as much as the state investments this year.
 We have a large portion of fixed assets that has not been fully utilized.
 The investment tied up in unfinished basic construction projects amounts
 to four times of this year's [state] investment. Circulating capital for
 industry turns over barely three times a year, whereas it reached five
 times in 1966. All of this demonstrates that we have immense potential.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=02080T71X759170K 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Yusheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yusheng 
Title: Instituting an Intrafactory Economic Contract System is a Good Device to Strengthen Business Management 
Abstract:
 The Shanghai No. 1 Printing and Dyeing Mill has five workshops for
 bleaching and dyeing, engraving, printing, finishing and packing, and
 machinery. Manned by more than 2,000 employees, it is one of the largest
 of its kind in Shanghai. It was also one of the "hardest hit" by the
 destructive forces of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" during the Cultural
 Revolution. Through consolidation and intensified managerial efforts, the
 factory has undergone great changes over the last three years. Since the
 fourth quarter of last year, in particular, it has implemented on a trial
 basis the system of economic contract within the enterprise, thus making a
 giant step forward in both production and management. Compared with the
 same period last year, output from January to August this year grew by
 8.55 percent, gross output value by 19 percent, and profit by 13.28
 percent. Its product quality has registered "four surpasses" (namely,
 surpassed the planned target, surpassed the same period of last year,
 surpassed the peak level in history, and surpassed the standard set by the
 Textile Ministry).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=11VRM71060W84703 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Title: Some Questions of Right and Wrong in Statistics Work must be Clarified 
Abstract:
 To render statistical work compatible with the needs of socialist
 construction and modernization, as well as to reduce and avoid blindness
 and one-sidedness in our work in the future, it is essential that we
 earnestly sum up the experiences and lessons we have learned and clarify
 several important issues in statistical theory and the guiding principles
 in statistics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=166710372086026W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Jiwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiwen 
Title: On the Question of Adjusting the Proportional Relationship between the Means of Production and the Means of Livelihood 
Abstract:
 In the development of the national economy, the means of production and
 the means of livelihood must develop in a proper ratio. The development of
 the production of the means of production must be at a faster rate than
 that of the means of livelihood. However, if the development of the
 production of the means of production is excessively faster than that of
 the means of livelihood, a pathological economy will be created.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=22502L8261118144 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cai Yanchu 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanchu 
Title: Does the Key to the Overextension of the Basic Construction Front Lie in Uncompensated Allocation of Funds? 
Abstract:
 The overextension of the basic construction front is a most serious
 problem in the national economy at the present time. While there seems no
 longer to be any dispute over this fact which is clear to all, there are
 different views on what has caused the overextension of the basic
 construction front. At present one of the more popular explanations is
 that the key to the overextension of the basic construction front lies in
 the fact that the capital for basic construction ... is appropriated from
 the state budget. There are even people who say that the problems of
 overextension of the basic construction front and the overstocking of
 materiel are "all chronic illnesses caused by the financial system in
 which funds are allocated without compensation." Therefore, it is
 necessary to switch basic construction investment from uncompensated
 allocation to bank loans.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G375524341W56001 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:1:p:31-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luo Rucheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rucheng 
Author-Name: Shu Jinzhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Shu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinzhong 
Title: Give Full Play to the Active Role of Loans for Minor Technological Innovation 
Abstract:
 At the Second Session of the Fifth People's Congress, when he spoke on the
 Draft State Budget for 1979, Comrade Zhang Jingfu pointed out that "the
 State is also prepared to make loan; available for minor technical
 innovations, to set aside some funds and foreign exchange to develop
 production and construction of textiles and light industry." What in fact
 are minor technical innovations loans (hereafter MTIL)? What are their
 active roles ? We did conduct some investigation in the munici pality of
 Shanghai about these questions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JG323204401716TQ 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:1:p:87-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Bingquan 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bingquan 
Title: The Application of Input-Output Analysis to Steel and Iron Combined Enterprises 
Abstract:
 Input-output analysis is also known in economics as comprehensive balance.
 It is now generally applied in nations all over the world. In the early
 days, input-output analysis was primarily used to study the economic
 structure of a country or a region, so as to analyze the proportional
 relationship between the various departments in a national economy. Today
 its scope has been extended to studying, on the one hand, the world
 economic structure and, on the other, the economic activities of an
 enterprise (or company).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P7546PL412445687 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ren Tao 
Author-X-Name-First: Ren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao 
Title: Why did the Four Hundred Pilot Experiment Enterprises in Sichuan Achieve Swift Results? 
Abstract:
 The pilot experiments to increase the autonomy of enterprises conducted in
 Sichuan began in October last year. At first there were only 6 enterprises
 involved; it was extended to 100 early this year. The experimental work in
 the first half of this year has already brought good results. The total
 industrial output value of these 100 enterprises grew, in the first half
 of this year, at a rate 56.7 percent higher than the average growth rate
 of the total industrial output value of the province as a whole; the
 profit realized by 84 of the local industrial enterprises under the
 experiment grew at a rate 54 percent higher than the average growth rate
 of the profit of local industries in the province as a whole, and the
 quality, in general, of products has also been raised. The 14 experimental
 enterprises within the chemical industry system in Sichuan alone had 86
 percent of their major products reach quality control targets which
 equaled or surpassed the highest historical standards; especially in terms
 of the rate of Grade A products where there was a momentous leap in
 quality. Moreover, some of the successful experimental units utilized
 their expanded financial autonomy to carry out technical renovations in a
 planned manner, transforming backward labor procedures and labor species
 through the processes of mechanization-labor combination and automation,
 thus expanding production capacity and stepping up the pace of the
 enterprises' modernization. Quite a few of the experimental enterprises
 also took advantage of the expanded welfare fund to build apartments for
 staff and workers. Of the six factories we investigated, a total of 29
 apartments occupying 400 square meters were built during the first half of
 this year, accommodating 730 staff and worker households.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-86 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T72Q4J0172038522 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Sunhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sunhao 
Author-Name: Wang Zaide 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaide 
Title: Decisions should be Taken on the Mainstream Reforms in Cropping Systems 
Abstract:
 Following liberation, simultaneous with improvements in the condition of
 water conservancy, fertilizer, and seed varieties, most farming regions of
 our country carried out reforms in the cropping system to one degree or
 another. Not surprisingly, in the process of reforms on such a large
 scale, many problems arose. In addition there were questionable leadership
 methods such as trying to solve problems with "one knife stroke" and
 "blind direction," all of which exacerbated the conflict between using
 land or allowing it to lie fallow, and between crops and ecology. Quite a
 few comrades, in the spirit of seeking the correct solution through
 practice, suggested methods for solving these conflicts. Others advocated
 changing everything back to the way it was or learning from American
 farming methods of a single crop each year. We will discuss our views on
 the basis of many years of investigation and experiment in numerous
 places.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1406T7V3W8201N2J 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Yongnian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongnian 
Title: The Two-Three System Made us Peasants Lose Out 
Abstract:
 I am a peasant. It is almost impossible for me to discuss an overview of
 the implementation of the two-three cropping system in the Suzhou area. In
 this article, I will only discuss my personal opinion after I read Comrade
 Li Erhuang's article "Can't Suzhou Prefecture's Two-Three System Increase
 Yield?" [Translation 9].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 99-101 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2113013VG1584521 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:99-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Erhuang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erhuang 
Title: Can't Suzhou Prefecture's Two-Three System Increase Yield? 
Abstract:
 A number of comrades have offered a variety of comments on the extension
 of the two-three cropping system in Suzhou Prefecture, opinions that are
 almost completely negative. Having personally participated in the entire
 process of developing the two-three system, we wish to discuss our own
 viewpoint.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 93-98 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=21V6M7G6480U1T14 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:93-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Danan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Danan 
Author-Name: Sun Lingen 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lingen 
Author-Name: Sun Yousheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yousheng 
Title: Does Criticizing the Two-Three System Amount to Ignoring the Broader Picture? 
Abstract:
 We would like to discuss three criticisms directed at the article "Can't
 Suzhou Prefecture's Two-Three System Increase Yield?" by Comrade Li
 Erhuang of the Suzhou Prefecture Agricultural Bureau and published in
 >u>Guangming ribao>/u> on June 20, 1979 [Translation 9].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 102-104 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3764835261120J12 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Ruichun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruichun 
Author-Name: Zheng Lizhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizhi 
Title: Looking at the Two-Three System from the Points of View of a Survey of Agricultural Production Costs and of the Records of Food Grain Distribution 
Abstract:
 Not long ago, when we were collecting and editing the 1978 agricultural
 commodity production cost surveys, which included 55 counties and 118
 sample points, for food grain and oilseeds in Jiangsu, we found that the
 area planted to hybrid rice had expanded rapidly. In 1978, the area
 planted to hybrid rice was roughly one fourth of the area planted to
 >u>xian>/u> [>u>indica>/u>] rice; this year [1979], the area planted to
 hybrid rice has continued to increase. At the same time, the area planted
 to early rice in a two rice crop system [and a grain crop in the winter,
 i.e., the two-three system] is less. This year the area in this two-three
 system is over one million >u>mu>/u> less than last year. Zhenjiang
 Prefecture [immediately to the west of Suzhou] adopted the hybrid rice a
 while ago. According to the gross figures of agricultural costs in
 Zhenjiang Prefecture, based on 26 production teams in 9 counties, planting
 hybrid rice is more profitable than double cropping rice. For these 26
 production teams, the average yield of the two crops of rice is 1,088.3
 >u>jin>/u> [per >u>mu>/u>, 8.16 tons per ha], which surpassed the hybrid
 rice by 224.4 >u>jin.>/u> However, there a re additional seed requirements
 of 49.8 >u>jin>/u>, and processing losses are more, so the net increase of
 processed grain is only 122.2 >u>jin.>/u> Moreover, the cash expenses are
 Y 25.83 per >u>mu>/u> more, and the labor inputs are 34.2 standard labor
 days more [per >u>mu>/u>]. Thus the gross costs per >u>mu>/u> reach Y
 52.72. [Y 790.8 per ha]. The net return is Y 19.55 less than for hybrid
 rice. If we include summer grain and count total yearly production, the
 net difference between three harvests and two harvests is only 4.4
 >u>jin>/u> [per >u>mu>/u>] of processed grain, but the net return
 decreased Y 38.53. In other words, to obtain each additional >u>jin>/u> of
 processed grain, we pay Y 8.77.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 107-112 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4278P16577761524 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Liufang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liufang 
Title: We must Adjust and Reform the Cropping System when the Gains cannot Offset the Losses 
Abstract:
 In the time since the Suzhou area has promoted the two-three system, the
 highest production year was 1978. Compared to the highest production year
 under the double cropping system, 1966, the total grain production went up
 by 1,796 million >u>jin>/u> [898 thousand tons], and the growth rate was
 29.52 percent. Of this figure, 844 million >u>jin>/u> [422 thousand tons]
 came from wheat-barley crops, which is equivalent to a net increase of
 96.24 percent, and 952 million >u>jin>/u> [476 thousand tons] came from
 paddy which only increased 18.28 percent.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 113-116 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=43574427P3644475 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:113-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiong Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Title: Viewpoints and Suggestions on the Southern Jiangsu Cropping System 
Abstract:
 In recent years, some of our comrades who served in the Nanjing Soil
 Research Institute organized a cooperative study group to study the soil
 fertility conditions under paddy rice cultivation in the southern Jiangsu
 area, where the paddy yields are consistently high. We have made some
 surveys of the cropping system in this area and are offering some opinions
 and suggestions relevant to the extension work on the two rice, triple
 cropping system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-57 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6312RN088R6J108R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mu Jiajun 
Author-X-Name-First: Mu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiajun 
Author-Name: Ji Jincheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jincheng 
Title: Three Times Three Equals Nine is not as Good as two Times five Equals ten 
Abstract:
 Grain planting in Songjiang County in the suburbs of Shanghai Municipality
 is basically the triple cropping system; namely, planting barley,
 naked-barley or wheat in winter, planting early maturing rice in the
 second year [i.e., spring of the following year] after harvesting the
 winter crop, and then planting late rice as the third crop. With the
 triple cropping system, approximately 1,400 >u>jin>/u> per >u>mu>/u> [10.5
 tons per ha] of grain is produced each year. Production has remained at
 this level over the past few years. The problems associated with the
 triple cropping system, such as limits of the growing seasons, labor
 bottlenecks and intensity, increase in production costs, shortage of
 fertilizers, decrease in soil fertility, etc., are becoming more and more
 severe. From cadres to the masses, everybody has his own personal reaction
 to this matter.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-44 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=64GM82Q388012546 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:37-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Pinfu 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinfu 
Title: Further Discussions on Viewpoints and Suggestions on the Southern Jiangsu Cropping System 
Abstract:
 Strong reactions were aroused by the two articles published in >u>Renmin
 ribao>/u>: "Three Times Three Equals Nine Is Not as Good as Two Times Five
 Equals Ten" [Translation 1], and "Viewpoints and Suggestions on the
 Southern Jiangsu Cropping System" [Translation 2]. How should we look at
 the problem of the two-three system in light of the fact that a large area
 has already adopted this change? I visited several kinds of communes and
 brigades, looked into relevant information, and collected different
 opinions to discuss with Xiong Yi.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-71 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F8612PK333841434 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Overcome the Harmful Influences of "Leftist" Thinking, Develop Socialist Modern Construction in a Stable Way 
Abstract:
 Our policy goal is: "Take grain as the base, have many different kinds of
 enterprise, and have all round development." Some places took "Take grain
 as the base" solely, and denied all other subsidiary products. It is not
 without reason that this change was made: First, every place was required
 to be self-sufficient. Second, so it could purchase more commodity grain,
 the government gave orders to raise food grain production targets
 subjectively. It is a good thing for government to purchase more commodity
 grain, but it should take production facts as preconditions. Ignoring the
 facts to demand a higher procurement will be harmful to the development of
 collective agriculture and will have a bad effect on commune members'
 living. Meanwhile, this puts the government in a position of passivity.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 90-92 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HL82H048573G3767 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:90-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Shijian 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shijian 
Title: In Reforming the Cropping System, We must Seek Truth from Facts 
Abstract:
 In the 1950s and 1970s, our country carried out two reforms on the
 cropping system. The first reform involved the change from single cropping
 to double cropping, and the adoption of continuous cropping without fallow
 period. This meant that the old system of three harvests in two years
 changed to two harvests in one year. The second reform was to change from
 two crops a year to three crops a year. These two reforms have played a
 major role in agricultural development and in increasing food grain
 production, and this contribution should be affirmed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 105-106 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K883XW2307218R2R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benedict Stavis 
Author-X-Name-First: Benedict 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stavis 
Author-Name: Mitch Meisner 
Author-X-Name-First: Mitch 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meisner 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> contains sixteen articles
 translated from China's newspapers and journals about China's cropping
 systems. Normally one might think that the questions of what crops to grow
 and in what sequence to plant them would be fairly narrow, simple
 questions, of interest only to agronomists and discussed in agricultural
 journals. In fact, however, the most important newspapers in China
 published numerous articles throughout 1979 about these questions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-36 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M61H53G522074223 
File-Format: text/html
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Barker, Randolph.
 (1975) Personal Communication.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Buck, John Lossing. (1937a) Land
 Utilization in China. Nanking: University of Nanking.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Buck, John
 Lossing. (1937b) >i>Land Utilization in China.>/i> Statistics. Nanking:
 University of Nanking.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fei Hsiao-t'ung. (1939) >i>Peasant Life in
 China.>/i> London: Kegan Paul.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fei Hsiao-t'ung. (1957) "A Revisit of a
 Kiangsu Village," >i>Xin guancha>/i>, June 1 and June 16. Available in
 James McGough, >i>Fei Hsiao-t'ung: The Dilemma of a Chinese
 Intellectual.>/i> White Plains: M. E. Sharpe, 1979. Fei's colleagues later
 criticized him and in the process put out more data. This criticism is
 also included in the McGough volume.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Geddes, W. R. (1963) >i>Peasant Life in
 Communist China.>/i> Ithaca: Society for Applied Anthropology.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Kung, Peter.
 (1975) "Farm Crops of China." >i>World Crops>/i>, March-April, May-June,
 September-October, p. 55-64, 122-132, 228-236.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Leeming, Frank. (1979)
 "Progress Towards Triple-cropping in China." >i>Asian Survey>/i> 19:5
 (May), p. 450-467.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> USDA. (1980) Wheat Situation. Economics, Statistics, and
 Cooperative Service. July.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiong Yi. (1962) "On the Prevention of
 Soil Alkalization in the North China Plain," >i>Renmin ribao>/i>, Dec. 18.
 Cited by Thomas Wiens, "The Evoluation of Policy and Capabilities in
 China's Agricultural Technology," >i>China's Economy Post Mao.>/i>
 Washington D.C.: U.S. Joint Economic Committee, 1978, p. 689.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:15:y:1981:i:2:p:4-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Huiwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huiwen 
Author-Name: Zhu Peiwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peiwei 
Title: It is Necessary to Emphasize and Strengthen Scientific Research on Agricultural Mechanization 
Abstract:
 Zhang and Zhu made a special case study which relates to the cropping
 system debate. It is worth looking into the recently generated production
 figures.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 117-117 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V035833640258275 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Jiyang 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiyang 
Author-Name: Liu Peiti 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peiti 
Title: We Must Reform the Cropping System to Suit Local Conditions 
Abstract:
 At present on the agricultural battlefront on the agricultural plains
 surrounding Beijing, there is debate about the question of which cropping
 system to adopt. One alternative is the system of interplanting and
 relaying three crops [with three plantings and three harvests total]. The
 other system is two monoculture plantings in sequence [with two plantings
 and two harvests]. There are three focal points of the argument: (1) How
 can the interplanting and relay cropping system be evaluated?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-63 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X18U5718RL865621 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Zhengdu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengdu 
Title: A View of the Two-Three Cropping System in Suzhou Prefecture 
Abstract:
 Since 1975, while participating in the Tai Lake Regional Paddy Rice and
 Soil Research Group, by "squatting on the spot" in Dongting Brigade of
 Dongting Commune, Wuxi County, and also surveying some other communes and
 brigades in Suzhou Prefecture, I heard lots of discussion by both
 officials and masses about the implementation of the two-three system
 (i.e., the wheat-rice-rice three harvest system). On the basis of our
 investigation and research, I would like to talk about my view of the
 implementation of the two-three system in Suzhou Prefecture, hoping that
 it will lead to a more extensive and many-faceted discussion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1981 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y62938183564175V 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas R. Lardy 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lardy 
Author-Name: Kenneth Lieberthal 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lieberthal 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 "Had Chairman Mao died in 1956, there would have been no doubt that he was
 a great leader of the Chinese people, a respected, loved and outstanding
 great man in the proletarian revolutionary movement of the world. Had he
 died in 1966, his meritorious achievements would have been somewhat
 tarnished but still very good. Since he actually died in 1976, there is
 nothing we can do about it."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 11-43 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1982 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0056326247811017 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: N. R. L. 
Author-X-Name-First: N. R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: L. 
Author-Name: K. L. 
Author-X-Name-First: K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: L. 
Title: Acknowledgments 
Abstract:
 We want to thank Mao Tong and Du Anxia for their excellent translation
 work. Mao Tong did the basic translations of documents number 3-6, 8-9,
 13-18, and 20-23, and Du Anxia did the same for documents number 2, 7, 12,
 and 19. (Document number 1 is the official translation provided by Foreign
 Languages Press, and documents number 10-11 are based on translations
 originally done by the Union Research Service in Hong Kong.) Anthony Marr,
 Curator of the East Asian Collection of Sterling Memorial Library at Yale
 University, acquired the volume which is translated here. We are also
 indebted to David Bachman, Nina Halperin, Roderick MacFarquhar, Lyman
 Miller, Michel Qksenberg, and Roger Thompson for comments and assistance
 at various stages of this project. For the mistakes that remain, we have
 no one to blame but each other.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 9-9 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1982 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F278473456H95507 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Chuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuan 
Title: On Balance and Readjustment 
Abstract:
 The theory of overall balance of the socialist national economy is man's
 reflection of the objective law of planned and proportional economic
 development; it is the basic theory and method to readjust the national
 economy and strike an overall balance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E2L04N0NW106701R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Opening Speech at the Symposium on the Theory of Overall Balance of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 After the Third Plenary Session of the CCP 11th Central Committee, the
 Party center decided to reform the national economy according to the
 "eight-character policy" of readjustment, restructuring, consolidation,
 and improvement. Practices over the last two years testified to the
 correctness of this policy. For a still better implementation of the
 policy, the center has decided to take more vigorous readjustment measures
 in an effort to stabilize the economy and then proceed for further
 development. At this juncture, it is absolutely necessary to convene this
 symposium to discuss the theory of overall balance of the national
 economy. The conference will not only give impetus to studies of the
 theory of overall balance but also bear immediate significance for our
 endeavor to implement the Party's eight-character policy, effectively
 readjust the national economy, and speed up the four modernizations
 process.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E3J4G4252VR44566 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Yefang 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yefang 
Title: A Discussion of Some Prerequisites to the Overall Balance of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 The Symposium on the Theory of Overall Balance of the National Economy is
 convened at an opportune time.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P135672315577H52 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: Forecasts, Management, and Long-Range Considerations 
Abstract:
 When the current economic readjustment is completed, is it feasible for
 the provinces and municipalities that have the ability to begin conducting
 research on economic forecasts? We failed in the past to treat economic
 forecast as a branch of science. This is one of the primary reasons why we
 were unable to carry out our economic work with great precision. Can we
 start now to build step by step such a forecast system? We would suggest
 that some provinces and municipalities begin to forecast the economic
 events that may occur in the provinces and municipalities after the
 implementation of the economic readjustment. Such scientific inferences
 can only be looked upon today, in terms of the prevailing state of the
 art, as experiments. We should not expect nor demand too much of such
 experiments. The purpose of forecasting at this juncture is merely to
 learn through practice. Once the forecast work is started, however, it is
 viable that through continuous practice and incessantly acquiring
 experience, a permanent forecasting work force will be gradually built.
 When a forecast network is set up in all provinces, municipalities, and
 autonomous regions, it will provide the leadership of both local
 governments and the national government with a powerful instrument for
 conducting economic policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-40 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X468344212Q763H6 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Chongwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chongwei 
Title: Utilization of Foreign Investment and the Codification of Business Law 
Abstract:
 The People's Republic of China, with a population near one billion and an
 area over 9,600,000 square kilometers, is committed to building a nation
 with modern industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and
 technology. Indeed, this is an ambitious and grand undertaking. The change
 in China will exert a great impact on peace and order in the world.
 Naturally, people are curious as to what course China will pursue and the
 means on which the country can rely to carry out the undertaking. Our
 answer is that under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Chinese
 people are determined to follow the principle of relying mainly on their
 own efforts while taking external assistance as a supplement: economic
 construction will be carried out by relying on the united effort and
 dedication of the Chinese people, their struggle, hard work, wisdom, and
 talent. We will primarily draw upon our own resources, while taking
 advantage of favorable international conditions whenever feasible, raising
 funds, and importing advanced technology. We will cooperate in any way
 permissible with friendly countries and regions throughout the world to
 achieve the four modernizations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y2004551V1554122 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Title: Some Issues Concerning the National Economic Overall Balance 
Abstract:
 It was decided at the Third Plenary Session of the party's 11th Central
 Committee that starting from this year the whole party should shift the
 focus of its endeavor to socialist modernization. To accommodate this
 historical change, economic planning must undergo a series of
 modifications. Among them is the pressing task of rectifying the partly
 planned and partly anarchic state of affairs that resulted from the
 extensive interference and sabotage by Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" of
 an overall balance and a planned and proportionate development of the
 national economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-106 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2225763G5T558UN3 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:16:y:1982:i:2:p:85-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yue Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Yue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: Production, Distribution, and Allocation of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 Few economic indicators illustrate the total activity of an economy and
 the ratios of growth between economic sectors better than the national
 income index. Whether a problem concerns the level of economic development
 or national strength, or the ratios among production, construction, and
 accumulation, or whether it relates to state budget, credit balance, or
 market supply and demand, if there is no comprehensive and systematic
 study of production, distribution, and allocation of the national income
 or analysis of the process of social reproduction, then in a maze of
 intricate economic activities it would be difficult to grasp a real
 picture of the economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=50600852M4675325 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: Readjust the National Economy and Strike an Overall Balance 
Abstract:
 In my book >u>Study of Socialist Economic Problems in China>/u>, I have
 commented on the theory and methodology of striking an overall balance of
 the national economy. There is no need to repeat the comments here. Today
 I would like to focus on some problems that have cropped up in the current
 endeavor to readjust the national economy and offer my personal opinions.
 All these problems are complicated and cannot be easily or clearly
 explained. Whether I am right or wrong has to be proved by practice in the
 next few years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-84 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=91383133525686N7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ge Zhida 
Author-X-Name-First: Ge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhida 
Title: On the Issue of Balancing the State Budget 
Abstract:
 Summing up the practice and experience of our nation's financial and
 economic work, Comrade Chen Yun raised in 1957 the issue of how to achieve
 financial, credit, and material balance. This was his integration of
 Marxist theory of reproduction and the practice of China's socialist
 economic construction. Stemming from the integration is a major
 theoretical issue; i.e., how to strike a balance in socialist planning. It
 is also an important practical problem concerning the stability of finance
 and price, improvement of the people's livelihood, and the sustained
 development of production and construction. The "three major balances"
 constitute an integrated and comprehensive balance system related to the
 balances of finance, credit, material supply, and foreign exchange as well
 as the balance among them; it involves the overall balance of the national
 economy. Here I offer my views regarding the issue of financial balance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 107-123 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J4337071648KR017 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Da'an 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Da'an 
Title: A Comprehensive Balance Should Mean Overall Balance in the Process of Social Reproduction 
Abstract:
 We have been talking about comprehensive balance in almost every one of
 the twenty years since the First Five-Year Plan. What comprehensive
 balance really means, however, remains unclear. This indicates the
 difficulty in recognizing an objective economic law or breaking away from
 conventional ideas. Recently a heated discussion about this issue has been
 going on among economic theoreticians and those involved in economic work.
 Newspapers and periodicals have also published many articles on
 comprehensive balance. The authors who criticize the unrealistically high
 production targets and the gaps in economic plans uphold the idea of
 balancing the two major categories of production in society and correctly
 handling the relations between agriculture, light industry, and heavy
 industry, and between accumulation and consumption. They advocate
 integration of planning with market regulation. Beyond any doubt, these
 are the major contents of comprehensive balance. It is not the purpose of
 this article, however, to go into detail about the above issues. I will
 confine my discussion to some preliminary ideas on overall balance in the
 process of social reproduction, an issue seldom touched upon.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q043913440736758 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Riqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Riqing 
Title: A Preliminary Discussion of Comprehensive Public Finance 
Abstract:
 Comprehensive public finance is a unique economic category in the
 socialist economy, operating under special conditions. It is a branch of
 macroeconomics that covers the entire national economy or a whole region.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-28 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XK1QT583947T8415 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luo Gengmo 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gengmo 
Title: An Analysis of the Development of China's Planned Economy and the Tortuous Course it has Trudged 
Abstract:
 In capitalist society, factory production is carried out in a planned way
 and in proper proportions. But owing to the antagonistic contradictions
 inherited in capitalist private ownership, overall social production
 cannot proceed in a planned way and invariably leads to
 anarchy.>sup>1>/sup> When the means of production are socialized and
 contradictions between social production and capitalist ownership are
 removed, anarchy will be removed from socialist production and will be
 replaced by a "planned and consciously organized production.">sup>2>/sup>
 While we may have reached a consensus on the socialist system of ownership
 of the means of production by all the people, we have not come to complete
 agreement on the question of whether, at the present stage of an
 underdeveloped economy, we should develop our economy in a planned way and
 through balanced growth of different sectors of economy. Some people even
 doubt whether a mixed economy possesses the superiority of a socialist
 system. In the following pages, we will examine this issue in light of the
 economic record of the last thirty years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-50 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1982 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y36V161522402860 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Linsheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Linsheng 
Title: On the Role of Foreign Trade Under Socialism 
Abstract:
 [Note: The party line on foreign trade laid down at the Third Plenum of
 the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has created
 a totally new vista in our economic relations with other countries. This
 development in practice calls for new investigation of the theory of
 foreign trade under socialism. This article attempts to conduct such an
 investigation and to reexamine some views held in the Soviet Union during
 the period of Lenin's and Stalin's leadership and some views that have
 prevailed in our country since the founding of the Republic. It is hoped
 that this will lead to further debate and discussion. We will also provide
 a brief rundown of the views held by academic circles in Eastern European
 countries in the 1950s. Such an investigation may help us to have a better
 understanding in our own discussion and study of this problem].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-65 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2580G2623823786V 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: G. C. W. 
Author-X-Name-First: G. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: W. 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese
 Communist Party ushered in a new era in the history of China's economic
 development. It was at that session that China made a noticeable shift in
 its economic strategy and a far-reaching reform of its economic system.
 Internally, the enterprise is to be responsible for its profits and
 losses, while workers are paid by their productivity rather than by their
 needs. Externally, China has embarked upon an "open-door policy," calling
 for expansion of its economic relations and trade with other countries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4R5K723755Q153RW 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Yushen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yushen 
Title: On Estimation of the Gain and Loss of Foreign Trade 
Abstract:
 Estimations of the gain and loss of foreign trade involve a host of
 factors that are different in concept and content. These factors include
 the cost of exporting a commodity, export proceeds, the cost of foreign
 exchange incurred in terms of >u>renminbi>/u> (RMB), the amount as well as
 the rate of the gain and loss in export, the cost of foreign exchange
 incurred in terms of the factors of production embodied in the exported
 commodity, import proceeds, and the amount and rate of the gain and loss
 in import. Let us elaborate on these terms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-84 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cai Tianzhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tianzhang 
Title: Conventional Practice in Setting Export-Import Prices 
Abstract:
 How to set prices is an extremely important issue in international trade.
 In theory, the price of a commodity is simply the value of the commodity
 in terms of money, but in reality, the setting of prices in international
 trade is considerably more complex. In addition to the value of the
 commodity itself, the price should also, in general, include such expenses
 as transportation, loading and unloading, storage, insurance and customs
 duties, as well as the costs of risk-bearing. Sometimes the price should
 include the commission or discounts to middlemen. Through a time-honored
 practice of international trade, a body of terminology has gradually
 emerged in international business. Different prices reflect different
 terms, so prices are quoted according to the terms of a transaction. At
 present, in international trade, prices vary with the conditions or the
 terms. In general, based on the destination of delivery there are
 primarily three categories of price formation. The first refers to the
 prices for inland delivery, as for instance when a delivery takes place at
 a factory, warehouse, mine site, farm, or railroad station. Such terms are
 seldom used in international trade except for adjacent countries. The
 second category refers to prices of delivery at the destination, either on
 board a ship, at the berth, or at the port. Most times, the price refers
 to delivery on board at the destination. The third category refers to
 deliveries at the port of loading, such as free along ship (FAS), free on
 board (FOB), cost and freight (C&F) or Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF).
 In international trade, FOB, CIF, and C&F are the most commonly quoted
 prices.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-92 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuan Wenqi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenqi 
Author-Name: Wang Jianmin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianmin 
Title: We Must Review and Reevaluate the Role of Foreign Trade in the Development of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 Note: This article calls for a review and reevaluation, from a strategic
 vantage point, of the role of foreign trade in our national economy. It
 advances the view that foreign trade ought to serve primarily as a lever
 in stimulating rapid development of our national economy, and that the
 leverage effect lies in the creation of favorable conditions for the
 development of the national economy. Assuming that foreign trade will play
 such a role, the article suggests raising the ratio of foreign trade to
 our gross national product so as to accelerate the pace of our
 modernization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-39 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:16:y:1983:i:3:p:24-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Yushen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yushen 
Title: On Export-Import Procedure 
Abstract:
 >p>In general, exports and imports consist of the following
 procedures:>/p>>p>1. Preparations for negotiation prior to a transaction,
 including procurement of the merchandise to be exported, grasping the
 international market situation, and arranging shipment and
 delivery;>/p>>p>2. Drafting export-import plans, contacting the other
 trade party, and negotiating the terms;>/p>>p>3. Signing the contract when
 agreement is reached; and>/p>>p>4. Implementing the contract
 accordingly.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Xiaosong 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaosong 
Author-Name: Lin Zhongshu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhongshu 
Title: Utilization of Foreign Capital to Renovate Enterprises Produces Good Results 
Abstract:
 The city of Beijing, by actively pursuing an open-door economic policy in
 the past three years, has obtained foreign capital totaling U.S. $250
 million, which has been invested in more than 300 projects. In most cases,
 the projects have involved technological renovation of existing
 enterprises. Using flexible terms and a variety of formats for economic
 cooperation with foreign concerns, the enterprises imported advanced
 technology and vital equipment, thereby fully tapping their potentials.
 Bottlenecks were removed and a great variety of new products were added.
 The experience of Beijing, that is, using foreign capital to renovate
 existing enterprises rather than building new ones, involves less risk for
 both our enterprises and foreign investors. This approach enhances the
 chances of success and brings about quick results. We should therefore
 pursue this policy boldly, energetically, but prudently.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-47 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zou Siyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siyi 
Title: The Problem of Export Strategy 
Abstract:
 We advocate decentralized management under unified leadership. In foreign
 trade, we must uphold the principle of dealing with foreign countries in a
 unified manner. Herein lies the superiority of the socialist system that
 no capitalist country can emulate. We must have a comprehensive export
 strategy on foreign trade. Long-term plans of five to ten years should be
 drawn up for the country, the province, the autonomous region, the
 municipality, and the enterprise that engages in foreign trade. Without a
 strategy, the best tactics will be to no avail. Export strategy includes
 commodity strategy, market strategy, and sales strategy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-23 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Since the rapprochement in 1972, U.S. -China trade has been growing by
 leaps and bounds. Two-way trade rose from $96 million in 1972 to $5.5
 billion in 1981. Over a span of ten years, the United States is reported
 to have accumulated a $10 billion trade surplus over China.>sup>1>/sup> In
 view of past developments and prospects for the future, the trade
 potential between the two countries is great.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-9 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:16:y:1983:i:3:p:6-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Shiwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiwei 
Title: On the Development of China's Foreign Trade 
Abstract:
 China is pursuing an open-door policy in its foreign trade. It is not an
 expedient stratagem, but a strategic decision consistent with the trend of
 historical development and with the objective economic laws. The rate and
 scale of growth of the country's foreign trade must be in line with its
 economic capability and its material conditions. China must maintain a
 certain rate of growth and at the same time achieve economic results. To
 do this, the country should pay attention to three sets of ratios: the
 rate of exports should grow faster than the rate of imports, the rate of
 growth of exports of manufactured goods should grow faster than that of
 primary products, and the value of exports should grow faster than the
 volume of exports.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-16 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Kexin 
Author-X-Name-First: Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kexin 
Title: On Adjustment of Foreign Trade Deficits 
Abstract:
 The deficits in China's balance of trade should be adjusted, in the
 author's opinion, in a planned way, proportional to the rate of growth of
 the national product (particularly agriculture and industry), rather than
 be simply suppressed by curbing imports and boosting exports. Based on the
 assumption of proportional growth of four economic variables, we propose
 to build a model that can predict the adjustment process of trade
 deficits. The variables are (1) the growth rate of China's gross national
 product; (2) the ratio of its GNP to its imports; (3) the growth rate of
 the GNP abroad; and (4) the ratio of foreign demand for China's exports.
 The model can suggest how long it will take to eliminate the trade
 deficits. During the adjustment process, the model implies, not only will
 the deficits gradually diminish, but the national economy will maintain a
 steady rate of growth, free of sharp fluctuations in exports or imports.
 Hence, the deficits will be eliminated in a planned way, proportional to
 the growth of the national economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-96 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Xinhao 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xinhao 
Title: Exploit the Role of Foreign Trade and Accelerate the Rate of China's Economic Development 
Abstract:
 Foreign trade under socialism can stimulate economic development in a
 number of ways. Since the founding of the republic, foreign trade in China
 has played an active role in spurring the country's economic growth.
 Nevertheless, it still falls short of China's expectations. So, for the
 years to come the people must continuously free their minds from
 conventional ideas, dare to experiment with new measures, realistically
 draw up production plans, set prices according to international values of
 commodities, and energetically develop industry and trade. Business deals
 should be conducted with ingenuity and flexibility and be pushed
 pervasively over broad areas. Only then can the role of foreign trade be
 fully exploited.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-50 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: Reform Blazes a New Path for Foreign Trade 
Abstract:
 China National Technology Import Corporation is a specialized trading
 company in our foreign trade system. In the field of technological trade,
 the company held in the past an exclusive and dominant position in the
 nation. But things have begun to change since 1979. Under the new
 circumstances, what should be the role of the specialized national trading
 companies? Here I would like to discuss the ways that we conduct business
 and the experience in the last two years as agent of local firms and as
 partners of the newly created trading establishments. The greatest
 accomplishments, which we made over the last two years and more, were that
 with the structural reform in the operation and management of China's
 foreign trade we have gradually acquired a clearer understanding of how
 our company should operate in the future and, at the same time, we have
 been encouraged to improve our operation and service.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-26 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Junlei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junlei 
Title: Current Status and Prospects of Sino-Japanesf Economic and Trade Relations 
Abstract:
 Since China and Japan restored their diplomatic relations in September
 1972, trade between the two countries has moved further ahead on the basis
 of then existing nongovernmental trade relations. Except in 1976, trade
 volume has registered a rapid growth several years in a row. Statistics
 released by Japanese Customs indicated that trade was U.S. $1.1 billion in
 1972 and $5.079 billion in 1978. It reached $10.389 billion in 1981, or
 3.52 percent of Japan's total foreign trade and 24.7 percent of China's.
 Of this, China exported to Japan $5.292 billion worth of goods, a 22.4
 percent increase over the preceding year. This trade accounted for 3.7
 percent of Japan's total imports and 22 percent of China's total exports.
 Conversely, China imported from Japan $5.097 billion in products, or a 0.4
 percent increase over the preceding year. This trade accounted for 3.35
 percent of Japan's total exports and 27.6 percent of China's total
 imports.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-69 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Kaike 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaike 
Title: Tie Industry with Trade: An Important Way to Develop Foreign Trade 
Abstract:
 In the reform of China's foreign trade system, a variety of new structural
 configurations have emerged that tie in trade with industry and give an
 impetus to the development of foreign trade. Practice has shown that tying
 industry with trade is a proper way to promote foreign trade. We should
 conscientiously draw experiences in this regard so that we can push
 foreign trade in China to grow at an even faster pace. Here 1 venture some
 views and suggestions on the issues of how industry is to tie in with
 trade, and what the existing problems are.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-77 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Liande 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liande 
Title: Thirty Years Of Sino-Japanese Trade 
Abstract:
 1982 is the tenth anniversary of the normalization of relations between
 China and Japan. It also marks the twentieth anniversary of the signing of
 the Sino-Japanese Friendly Trade Protocol and Trade Memorandum, as well as
 the thirtieth anniversary of the signing of the first Sino-Japanese
 Nongovernmental Trade Agreement. On this occasion, when Sino-Japanese
 trade enters the 1980s, the two countries are pushing their cooperation
 beyond simple exports and imports to more pervasive areas of economic
 activity. It is therefore particularly significant to review the history
 of the past thirty years and to forecast prospects for the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-62 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fu Zhengluo 
Author-X-Name-First: Fu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengluo 
Author-Name: An Baojun 
Author-X-Name-First: An 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baojun 
Title: Strengthen our Economic and Trade Relations with Oil-Producing Countries in the Middle East 
Abstract:
 The Middle East has the richest petroleum deposits in the world. Proven
 petroleum deposits account for 55 percent of the world's total (at the
 beginning of 1981); crude oil, about 30 percent of the world's total.
 Holding the key to three continents - Europe, Asia, and Africa - the
 Middle East occupies a strategic position of vital importance. Seventy to
 80 percent of the oil consumed by Western Europe and Japan comes from the
 Middle East, and the United States is still largely dependent upon the
 region for oil supplies. Therefore as far as Western Europe, Japan, and
 the United States are concerned, the supply of oil from the Middle East,
 at least for the moment, is their lifeline. In seeking global hegemony,
 the Soviet superpower spares no effort to penetrate the Middle East and
 expand its influence, to bring under its control this oil-rich region and
 the strategically important oil passageway.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-36 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1983 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: Economic Adjustment and the Rate of Growth 
Abstract:
 In pursuit of the party line laid out at the Third Plenary Session of the
 Eleventh Congress, the party center in April 1979 called a work conference
 at which it brought up an eight-character policy, "adjustment, reform,
 restructuring, and improvement," to deal with the national economy. The
 policy was formulated after a penetrating analysis of the concrete
 situation of our economy and its trend of development. The adjustment is
 not confined to elimination of the immense budget deficits, to
 stabilization of prices, or to curbing of inflation. It is far more than
 these. As Premier Zhao Ziyang pointed out in his report on the government
 work, the policy rather is intended to set the national economy on a
 course of steady growth and healthy development and to bring about better
 economic results and more benefits to the people. In effect, it is a
 crucial shift of our strategy in socialist economic development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-87 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1983 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: On the Theory of Reform of the Economic Management System 
Abstract:
 Today, the National Commission for the Reform of the Economic Management
 System and the Economic Research Center of the State Council are
 mobilizing all economic research institutes and economic associations in
 the national capital to study the theories on the reform of the economic
 management system. Indeed, I think this study is absolutely necessary.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1983 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Author-Name: Shen Liren 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liren 
Title: How to Transform Cyclical Economic Fluctuations into Smooth, Expanded Reproduction 
Abstract:
 How do we transform cyclical economic fluctuations into smooth, expanded
 reproduction in the shortest time permissible during the sixth five-year
 plan period? On the whole, we have to rely on a comprehensive
 implementation of the eight-character policy that is centered on the
 current adjustment. This transformation is an extremely arduous and
 complex task. Here, I venture some of my personal opinions on the problem.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 96-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1983 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G71644R9323421V6 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:17:y:1983:i:1:p:96-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shulian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shulian 
Title: Seriously Study the Strategy of our Economic Development from a Historical Viewpoint 
Abstract:
 The so-called strategy of economic development is a proposition concerning
 the long-range goals of economic development and the means to realize
 these goals. To formulate the strategy correctly and to carry it out, we
 have to summarize seriously the historical experience; at the same time,
 we have to study and draw upon certain experiences from foreign countries.
 Based on concrete conditions in China, we should manage correctly the
 interrelations among economic efficiency, rate of growth, economic
 structure, the relationship between various sectors in the national
 economy, and the relationship between accumulation and consumption. In
 pursuing economic construction and to avoid errors, we have to establish
 the concept of "attrition" and the idea of "putschism." We should also
 learn from historical experience how to incorporate economic, social, and
 technological developments into a well-integrated strategy so that
 everything is in harmony and in coordination, thus forming a great joining
 force that promotes a healthy development of our national economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1983 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M0XHP154U37R61X8 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: A Scientific Study of China's Strategy of Economic and Social Development 
Abstract:
 In a socialist country, the strategy of economic and social development is
 formulated by the Marxist party, which leads the country, and by the
 central government, whichgoverns the country. Together, they implement the
 strategy. To this date, no country seems to have ever made public such a
 plan in a special document. As a rule, the strategyis shaped in the state
 plans, as- well as in official and party documents. This is the procedure
 pursued in China as in other socialist countries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-87 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Yefang 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yefang 
Title: To Raise Production Four-Fold in two Decades is not Only Politically Probable but Technologically Feasible 
Abstract:
 Editorial Note: The genuine economic assurance that our production will
 increase byfour-fold in two decades lies in our discovery of the correct
 policy that guarantees rapid development of agriculture and industry.
 Industrial development, like agricultural development, rests first on the
 right policy and second on science and technology.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-67 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=94X5J081837G0W25 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tian Jiyun 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiyun 
Title: Problems in the "Substitution of Taxes for Profits" in State -Run Enterprises 
Abstract:
 Recently, many comrades have made valuable suggestions on the issue of how
 to speedup the replacement of profits by taxes, They have studied the
 issue from a theoretical viewpoint. Some comrades, however, are skeptical
 and have raised a number of questions. To clarify different views, further
 study seems necessary.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-77 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Xuezeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xuezeng 
Author-Name: Yang Shengming 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shengming 
Title: Raise Economic Efficiency and Accelerate the Growth of National Income 
Abstract:
 In his report on government work delivered at the fourth session of the
 Fifth National People's Congress, Premier Zhao Ziyang touched on the major
 tasks of the sixth five-year plan, 1981-85. He demanded that the national
 income grow at the same rate as thevalue of our gross industrial and
 agricultural production, At China's current economic performance, this
 demand should not be taken lightly. It is so important to our economy that
 we must strive to meet the demand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-92 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Ji Chongwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chongwei 
Title: China's Utilization of Foreign Funds and Relevant Policies 
Abstract:
 China will continue, in the present period of economic read- justment as
 well as in its future economic development, to pursue an open-door
 economic policy. In the early 1980s, the priorities for using foreign
 funds will be given to the development of energy resources, transport and
 communications, medium and small -sized projects that require small
 investment but bring quick economic results, and technical renovation of
 existing enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-49 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: An Inquiry into the Problems Concerning the Reform of the Economic System 
Abstract:
 Comrade Xue Muqiao's article on the reform of the system of economic
 management raises a number of im- portant questions. These questions are
 quite common in many departments and regions. Our country's system of
 economic management must be reformed across the aboard. However, many
 problems such as the direction in the reform of the system, what steps to
 take in the present reform of the economic system, how to coordinate
 reform in distribution with reform in circulation, and how to integrate
 the reform of the system with the regulation of the national economy are
 still awaiting further studies for their solution. They touch upon a
 series of problems in economic theory which require in-depth discussion on
 a broad scale. This journal is willing to provide space for the
 exploration in these areas. We welcome all to participate actively.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-30 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Shengming 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shengming 
Title: Earnings, Prices, and Lives 
Abstract:
 The people's money income, retail commodity prices, and the people's
 standard of living are intimately related. If retail prices of commodities
 remain unchanged, the moremoney the inhabitants earn, the higher the
 living standard becomes. This is a kind of positive relationship. However,
 if the money earned remains constant the general price level and people's
 living standard are negatively related. A rise in price level means a
 lowering of the living standard; a lowering of price level, on the other
 hand, means a rise in the living standard. People usually lack an overall
 perspective and correct understanding of these complex relationships, and
 they tend to have one-sided views. They may overlook the increase in
 earnings, which raises the living standard, and assert that the living
 standard is lower because prices of some commodities rose. Or they may
 ignore the impact of a price rise on real-income standard of living when
 their earnings increase and claim that their living standard has risen.
 These two one-sided views are now present in the real-life situation, but
 the first is more prevalent; it needs to be analyzed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-36 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Jixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jixin 
Title: Bring out the Superiority of the System of Contracted Responsibilities on the Household Basis 
Abstract:
 The system of contracted responsibilities on the household basis has been
 popularized in Gansu's rural areas. It has consolidated the fruit of
 cooperativization and overcome malpractices in operation and management.
 By lending a mighty impetus to rural economic growth, it has led
 agricultural production onto a path of vigorous development. The system of
 contracting production responsibility on a household basis has been
 implemented for just a short time and a number of outstanding problems
 have yet to be addressed. After a period of recuperation and building up
 of strength, the peasants begin to purchase large production equipment,
 strive to master new techniques, and improve production facilities in
 order to get into the full swing of production. With the system of
 contracted responsibilities beginning to take effect, the peasants right
 now need stability and aspire for progress. Under the circumstances, the
 leadership should focus its efforts on further consolidating and
 perfecting the responsibility system and fully tapping the potential of
 the vast numbers of peasant households. It should not adopt administrative
 measures to promote hastily some untested new proposals, hoping to
 popularize them immediately. For agricultural production to move gradually
 toward specialization and socialization is an objective law of necessity;
 however, it takes a process of orderly and step-by-step progress.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-26 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tian Yun 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yun 
Author-Name: Jin Renxiong 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renxiong 
Author-Name: Yuan Zhenyu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenyu 
Title: Further Reform and Improve the Financial System 
Abstract:
 The financial system of "eat at separate kitchens" is a form of financial
 management at different levels. From a long-term point of view, however,
 it is not the perfect financial system for different levels of government
 even though we must continue practicing it for the near future. State
 revenue should be collected mainly through taxation rather than the
 current practice of equally through taxation and profit turned over to the
 state. Eventually, revenues should be classified by levels of government.
 This should become the direction of reform of China's financial system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-60 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Zhuoyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhuoyuan 
Title: In Stressing Economic Results Attention Must Be Paid to the Law of Value 
Abstract:
 Economic construction in China made great achievements in the past.
 However, owing to the errorof left deviation in ideology, lopsided
 emphasis was put on high accumulation and high speed, resulting in two
 major problems in the development of the national economy. One problem was
 low efficiency and serious waste. Another was disproportionate development
 triggering sharp economic fluctuations. To redress the imbalance we paid a
 high price.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zili 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zili 
Title: Again on "Standard Output" 
Abstract:
 The article "On Standard Output" laid emphasis on expounding the simple
 form of united production with remuneration calculated according to
 standard output (hereafter abbreviated UPRCSO - tr.) on land contracted.
 This article further explains how a more complete system of the
 distribution form can result from contracting by specialties. The trend of
 production by contract moves along the direction of specialization and
 will lead to evident inequality in land contracting and the use of funds.
 Standard output remains the basic category of contract economy; however,
 it is necessary, on the basis of that, to put forward and apply such
 concepts as "standard output value," "standard cost of production," and
 "standard labor input," so that the distribution form of UPRCSO can exlude
 as much as possible the factor of nonlabor earnings and be further
 perfected. By explaining the concepts and their mutual relations, we can
 readily perceive the essence of overall contract and distribution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-17 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: Strengthen Planned Economy and Improve Planning Work 
Abstract:
 Comrade Chen Yun, in his recent talks on how to strengthen planned
 economy, raised some basic issues about economic work at present. What he
 said bore major significance for both theory and practice. Over the last
 few years we have followed the correct policy of opening up our economy to
 the outside world and domestically activating the market, and we have made
 great achievements. In the future we will continue to implement the
 policy. At the same time, we must take notice of new situations and new
 problems cropping up in the course of executing the policy. For example,
 after we expanded the decision-making power of the enterprises and
 instituted the system of job responsibility in rural areas, questions of
 how to strengthen planned economy and improve planning work were posed. At
 present, a tendency to weaken or even break away from planned economy has,
 with varying degrees, surfaced in the areas of industrial and agricultural
 production, capital construction, circulation, and distribution. After the
 "gang of four" was smashed, many comrades who are engaged in theoretic
 studies, on the premise of upholding the planned economy, probed into
 problems of planning, market, commodity, and value and achieved positive
 results. Nevertheless, there have also appeared in individual cases the
 erroneous views of negating socialist planned economy. Thus Comrade Chen
 Yun's talks serve as a scientific tenet guiding us in analyzing the
 situation and correctly handling the problems.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-32 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Hai 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hai 
Title: Problems in the Reform of Statistical Work 
Abstract:
 Statistical work in China had a very poor foundation to start with and
 plodded along a tortuous path. Since the smashing of the "Gang of Four,"
 especially after the Third Plenum of the Party Eleventh Central Committee,
 statistical undertakings have gradually been restored and there have even
 been some new developments. The high quality third national census and the
 publication of >i>The China Statistical Yearbook>/i> are both powerful
 evidence of this. However, the development of statistical work is now very
 uneven in the whole country. It cannot keep up with the progress of the
 situation and falls behind the need of the four modernizations program.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-67 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Chunsheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunsheng 
Author-Name: Song Dahan 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahan 
Title: Separation of Government Administration from Commune Management Is a Need of Rural Economic Development and of Building Political Power 
Abstract:
 Based on the principle of separating government administration from
 commune management, the revised draft of the Constitution stipulates that
 government be set up at the township level and the people's commune, as a
 collective economic organization, will no longer function in the capacity
 of a government setup. Since its establishment, the people's commune has
 played a positive role within a certain scope of work. Taking things as a
 whole, however, it has had quite a few drawbacks. In particular, it has
 become increasingly incompatible with the new developments in rural areas
 since the Third Plenum. Judging by the long-range consideration of the
 development of collective economy and of building political power, it is
 necessary to separate government administration from commune management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-83 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guangyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangyuan 
Title: The Key Lies in Enhancing Economic Efficiency 
Abstract:
 It is imperative to have a scientific, comprehensive understanding of the
 meaning of economic efficiency. The key to this issue lies in raising
 efficiency. This guiding principle is derived from the summing up of
 China's historical experience in economic construction and from the
 analysis of its present economic conditions. The ways to raise economic
 efficiency are precisely to enhance labor productivity and increase the
 labor force. Of the two, raising labor productivity is primary, and
 increasing the labor force is secondary. Enhancing labor productivity
 involves much work. It must rely on science (including both natural and
 social sciences), the correctness of policy, and timely economic reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 99-109 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=04T1775P471416P1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yue Ping 
Author-X-Name-First: Yue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ping 
Title: Stress the Effect of Consumption on Production 
Abstract:
 To acquire a correct understanding about the relations between production
 and consumption and stress the effect of the latter on the former while
 bringing into full play the leading role of the former is of major and
 immediate significance to our endeavor to provide guidance for economic
 construction and, especially, resolve some problems involving the current
 economic work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dai Yuanchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanchen 
Title: Methods to Appraise Economic Efficiency 
Abstract:
 To improve ceaselessly economic efficiency remains an issue crucial to the
 endeavor to fulfill the magnificent goal set by the party's Twelfth
 National Congress. All our future production and construction undertakings
 should focus on the enhancement of economic efficiency and try to march
 forward steadily.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-80 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K1N1704RJ3104WM7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Du Runsheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Du 
Author-X-Name-Last: Runsheng 
Title: New Developments in the Contracting System of United Production and the Cooperative Economy in the Countryside 
Abstract:
 The structural reform of China's rural economy, with the institution of
 the production responsibility system as its focus, has been underway for
 more than four years. Practice has shown that the responsibility
 contracting system of combined production has the highest adaptability and
 has brought about very good economic results. The overall contract, with
 the household as the basic unit is especially well-received among the
 peasants. Some comrades raise the question of whether such a form is in
 keeping with the socialist principle and is consistent with the goal of
 modernizing China's agriculture. Based on our practical experience over
 the last few years, we can now clearly and definitely answer this issue.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-39 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K44425T133377184 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Bingqian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bingqian 
Title: On Several Problems Involving Financial Work 
Abstract:
 The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward
 a general objective for China's economic construction endeavor; namely, on
 the premise of continuously enhancing economic efficiency, we should, in
 the two decades between 1981 and the end of this century, strive to
 quadruple the nation's gross annual output value of industrial and
 agricultural production and make our people fairly well-off both
 materially and culturally.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-98 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=ML54J5T6037223J7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Tian 
Author-X-Name-First: Peng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian 
Title: A Rational Economic Structure Is the Precondition for Healthy Development of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 In a blind pursuit of high growth rate we have ignored for a long time the
 problem of economic structure, thus seriously disrupting the ratio among
 the different sectors of the national economy and gravely hampering
 economic growth. The setback has made us understand the restrictive effect
 that economic structure has on the rate of economic growth and realize
 that a rational economic structure is the precondition for speedy and
 healthy development of the national economy. The economic readjustment now
 underway is precisely for the purpose of rationalizing step by step the
 economic structure to lay the foundation for a fairly high rate of growth
 and positive results in developing the national economy in the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-15 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q08143L353467245 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Hongtao 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongtao 
Title: Current Status of China's Transport and Prospects in the Near Future 
Abstract:
 After thirty-two years of construction, especially in recent years, China
 has built an initial comprehensive transport network composed of
 railroads, highways, waterways, civil aviation, and pipelines.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-71 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 1984 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y004280782677463 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deng Huansong 
Author-X-Name-First: Deng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huansong 
Title: On the Duality of Price Subsidy and the Path to Its Reform 
Abstract:
 In our country price subsidizing is a very important economic policy. An
 analytical studying of the current price subsidy system and proposing
 realistic opinions for its reform have practical significance for the
 improvement of the comprehensive balance of the national economy and for
 the formation of a reasonable price structure.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-13 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=15P2W11P2U326463 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuo Mu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu 
Title: Price Ratios Among Agricultural Products Must Be Well Adjusted 
Abstract:
 As far as realities in China today are concerned, not only are industrial
 and agricultural products exchanged in unequal values but price ratios are
 also irrational among agricultural products. The latter has an even more
 extensive and direct effect on the peasants' production initiative and on
 the entire strategic decision of agriculture. Therefore it deserves our
 full attention.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=23Q11Q5174RQM651 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gu Shutang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shutang 
Author-Name: Yang Yuchuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuchuan 
Title: The Transformed Form of Value Under the Socialist System 
Abstract:
 To study the function of the law of value and set the theoretical price,
 there is another important theoretical issue we have to address besides
 the role of time needed for social labor in value determination, that is,
 whether or not there is a transformed form of value under the socialist
 system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A28618772716305H 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Xiaopei 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaopei 
Title: An Investigation into the Current Compensation System for Mental and Manual Labor 
Abstract:
 The income of mental and manual laborers in our country has experienced
 different periods of change. At present an extremely unreasonable
 phenomenon of inverted earnings has appeared between mental and manual
 labor. By analyzing the causes for the inversion, the article suggests
 that under general conditions mental workers ought to have a higher income
 than manual workers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B403326PK27TJ514 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Zhengzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengzhi 
Title: The Profit in Planned Prices Should Be Formulated in Accordance with a Composite Profit Index 
Abstract:
 Issue no. 4 of >i>Economic Research>/i> (1979) published our article "Some
 Problems in the Formation of Socialist Planned Prices," in which we
 expressed the view that there were advantages but also disadvantages to
 formulating the planned price according to the average wage profit rate,
 the average cost profit rate, and the average capital profit rate of the
 entire society, and that it is inappropriate to take any of these factors
 as the sole criterion for determining prices. There we advocated using the
 average cost profit rate of the various sectors as the primary criterion
 in determining the profit rate in the planned price, while giving full
 consideration to the overall average capital profit rate of the society
 and the average wage profit of the sectors so as to take care of their
 different economic interests. The central theme of the proposition was to
 take all three profit rates into consideration and set the price according
 to a composite rate of profit. After two years of further discussion, we
 still maintain that price ought to be determined on the basis of a
 composite rate of profit, but we have made certain revisions of our
 proposition. We now believe that the average capital profit rate for
 society as a whole should be taken as the primary factor and the
 all-society average wage profit rate as the secondary factor, and thus we
 can calculate the cost profit rate of the different sectors and use it to
 determine the profit of the planned price and formulate the theoretical
 price. Here we would like to set forth some of our ideas and hope thereby
 to learn something more from our comrades.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 14-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gu Shutang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shutang 
Author-Name: Yang Yuchuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuchuan 
Title: A Further Inquiry into Value Determination and the Law of Value 
Abstract:
 In our effort to make a systematic analysis and study of the role of the
 law of value under socialism in China, we first encountered two
 long-outstanding theoretical issues. One is the relation between necessary
 time of social labor in the second sense and the determination of value.
 The other is whether value has a transformed form under socialism. Failing
 to clarify the two issues will inevitably impair the analysis of other
 related problems. This article is an inquiry into the first issue, namely,
 a reassessment of necessary time of social labor in the second sense.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-76 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T12157328824K701 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jia Kecheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Jia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kecheng 
Title: A Further Discussion of the Objective Bases for the Principle of Setting Price according to Quality 
Abstract:
 Reading Comrade Luo Jieli's essay, "On the Objective Bases for the
 Principle of Setting Price according to Quality" (hereafter cited as the
 Luo article), I was much enlightened. There are, however, also several
 points and questions that, in my opinion, require futher discussion and
 clarification. In the following, I wish to bring up certain points in
 Luo's article and to venture a few of my own viewpoints.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-72 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=81733800M5427V01 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiang Qiwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiwei 
Title: The Basis for Socialist Production Price: A Reassessment 
Abstract:
 Discussions on the issue of whether production price remains a fact in the
 socialist economy started as early as the 1960s. Proponents of the theory
 at that time contended that the department with access to more funds would
 have a higher organic composition of capital. The department with a higher
 organic composition of capital would have a higher growth rate of labor
 productivity. And the department with a higher growth rate of labor
 productivity should have a higher rate of surplus products and its
 contribution to the state would be greater. Thus, the proponents
 maintained that the value of surplus products should be redistributed in
 proportion to the funds each department possessed. This raised the
 question of the average rate of return on funds and the question of
 production price. I, too, was a proponent of this view. Judging by how
 things stand now, this exposition, though basically correct, did not
 measure up to a rigorous scientific principle. The following is a
 reassessment of the basis of production price.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-38 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FW22131105HK8167 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Weizhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weizhong 
Author-Name: Hong Dalin 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalin 
Title: How Do We Interpret "Value Is the Relations of Production Cost and Utility"? 
Abstract:
 In 1844, Engels wrote the following in "An Outline of the Critique of
 Political Economy": "Value is the relations of production cost and
 utility. Value is used, first of all, to determine whether or not certain
 commodities ought to be produced; that is, whether or not the utility of
 such commodities covers their production costs. Only when this question
 has been answered can we speak of use value as a standard measurement for
 exchange. If the production costs of two commodities are equal, then their
 respective utilities would be the decisive factor in determining their
 relative value." He went on to say: "This is the solely correct basis for
 exchange ... and when private ownership is abolished, we will not have to
 talk about exchange as we do today. At that time the concept of value will
 in practice become more and more exclusively used on production problems.
 Indeed, that is what it should be."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-87 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q3G7762114476328 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Wenyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenyi 
Author-Name: Jia Lurang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lurang 
Title: The Law of Supply and Demand and Its Role in a Socialist Economy 
Abstract:
 In studying the theory of how to regulate socialist economy during the
 preceding period, people failed to pay attention to the law of supply and
 demand, a law unique to market commodity circulation. In discussing the
 basis for market regulation, they generally ascribed it to regulation by
 means of the law of value. We believe this is a major drawback, and in
 this article we propose to offer some preliminary views on the issue.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-22 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X71337H48N1H4642 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Xiaofeng 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaofeng 
Title: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Theory of Service Value 
Abstract:
 Is the theory of service value a bourgeois economic viewpoint? Recently I
 came across a few questions that forced me to make an inquiry into the
 source of labor value in a capitalist society. Marx noted: "The value of
 labor is the value of means of subsistence needed to support the laborer,"
 and involved in it are certain expenses for "education and training." What
 value of means of subsistence do these kinds of educational expenses
 manifest? Obviously, educational expenditures for the laborers comprise
 not only the cost of such necessities as desks, chairs, pens, and ink (the
 value of this portion comes from the labor by workers of the sector
 producing means of subsistence) but also the live labor of educators. The
 value of this portion is not materialized in any means of subsistence.
 Evidently, part of the labor value is not the value of means of
 subsistence. Instead of creation by productive labor, this part of value
 is created by service labor.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-57 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1984 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y8063534456L4338 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Junyang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junyang 
Title: Current Economic Conditions and Reform of the Price System 
Abstract:
 At present everyone is very concerned about the problem of the price of
 goods. In particular, the comrades engaged in economic work are paying
 special attention to the question of how we may reform and perfect our
 socialist price system. This is because, on the one hand, reform of the
 price system is related to the overall situation of the national economy,
 and the success of this reform is bound to promote greatly the development
 of our socialist economy and enhance our economic results. On the other
 hand, reform of the price system requires an economy that is developing
 steadily, continuously, and proportionately; without such a premise and
 condition, it would be very difficult to reform the price system, and
 smooth progress in reforming the economic system as a whole would also be
 greatly affected. Therefore, we must ask, what are the economic conditions
 in our country at the present time? And are the conditions necessary for
 reforming the price system available?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-76 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=373450V136502545 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Xianju 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xianju 
Title: A Discussion of the Idea That Both Interpretations of Socially Necessary Labor Time Should Be Considered in the Determination of Value 
Abstract:
 In the matter of the relationship between socially necessary labor time
 and value determination, I suggest that the two meanings of the term
 "socially necessary labor time" ought to be considered together and in
 combination in the determination of value. One may call this the "theory
 of conjunctional determination." Let me discuss in the following my points
 of view by way of analyzing the comparative values and validities of
 various opinions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-91 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=37K0M20282378565 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Baifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baifu 
Author-Name: Yuan Zhenyu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenyu 
Title: On Several Problems in the Current Situation with Regard to the Requisition and Procurement of Agricultural and Sideline Products 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist
 Party, there has emerged in our country an unprecedentedly favorable
 situation of flourishing development in the area of agricultural
 production. In 1979-1981, gross agricultural output increased at an
 average annual rate of 5.6 percent, which is greatly in excess of the
 average annual increase rate of 4.3 percent for 1950-1978. In the wake of
 this development, there has also been a remarkable enhancement of the
 commodity rate of agricultural products. In 1979-1981, the national gross
 requisitioning and procurement amount of agricultural and sideline
 products increased at an average annual rate of 19.6 percent. Furthermore,
 the ratio of the amount of requisition and procurement of agricultural
 sideline products to the gross agricultural production value has
 consistently risen, from the 38.2 percent of 1978 to 45 percent in 1979,
 51.7 percent in 1980, and 55.5 percent in 1981. These major annual
 increases in the requisition and procurement of agricultural and sideline
 products not only have ensured the supply of industrial raw materials and
 the people's means of consumption and eased the tension that has long
 existed between agricultural development and the people's needs, but have
 also increased accumulation of communes and production brigades and teams,
 and peasants' income, thus promoting further development in agricultural
 production.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=96M0327830017604 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Lukuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukuan 
Title: The Problem of Reforming the Wage System in Our Country 
Abstract:
 Comrade Hu Yaobang pointed out in his report to the Twelfth National
 Congress of the party that we must methodically reform the labor system,
 the wage system, and the price system in order to ensure the healthy
 development of our national economy. Furthermore, at the First Plenum of
 the Twelfth Central Committee, he put it even more specifically that
 starting with 1984, the center, the provinces, the municipalities, and the
 prefectures all must allocate a major portion of their energies to the
 study and gradual implementation of the overall reform in such areas as
 the educational system and the labor, wage, and price systems. Today the
 party center has placed the reform of the wage system on its agenda. The
 completion of this reform is bound to serve as a great impetus in the
 development of socialist modernization in our country.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 35-54 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R5851175308H704W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuan Zhen 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhen 
Title: On the Question of Understanding the Improvement in the Method of Bonus Distribution 
Abstract:
 Recently, we, the Party Committee and the People's Government of Anhui
 province, have decided to improve the system of economic responsibilities
 in the enterprises and to improve the ways that bonuses are distributed.
 The decision is made on the basis of investigations and studies down to
 the grass-roots units and the summation of the mass experience. The
 essential principle of this reform is to learn the experience of the
 production-responsibility system in agriculture and to apply it to state
 enterprises. In administering worker and staff bonuses, we should allow
 those who work harder to receive more rather than allow bonuses to be
 handed out in proportion to the standard wage scale. The purpose is to tie
 bonuses to economic efficiency and to overcome egalitarianism. Such a view
 on reform is well received by the vast masses of workers and staff. A few,
 however, are still skeptical and worried. This article studies, discusses,
 and presents views on several issues that concern many people.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-86 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A325341510GK7051 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tian Jiyun 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiyun 
Title: Implement the Reform of the Price System Vigorously and Reliably 
Abstract:
 Reforming the price system is a problem that concerns people all over the
 country and is the key to the question of whether we can ensure that our
 national economy is lively but not chaotic and whether or not the economic
 reform will be successful. "Resolutions on Reform of the Economic System,"
 adopted by the third session of the Twelfth Party Congress clearly set the
 direction and principle of the price system reform. The question now is
 how to formulate feasible and practical plans, gradually put them into
 effect, and strive for a basic rationalization of the price system during
 the Seventh Five-Year Plan. This is a very arduous task. But it will
 certainly be fulfilled through our efforts.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-100 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BPX83006545H11R0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Ziyang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziyang 
Title: Report on the Sixth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 
Abstract:
 Fellow deputies, on behalf of the State Council, I now submit a report on
 the Sixth Five-Year Plan for China's Economic and Social Development for
 examination and approval by the present session.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-61 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H1V253H862782V51 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dai Yuanchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanchen 
Title: An Investigation of Fiscal Subsidy 
Abstract:
 Microeconomic results of the enterprise and macroeconomic efficiency are
 sometimes consistent and other times contradictory. When contradictory,
 the interests of the enterprise or the locality should be subjected to the
 economic interest of the whole in order to achieve better macroeconomic
 results. This is the socialist principle of high social profit rate.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-77 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JK21NJ1388002032 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zong Han 
Author-X-Name-First: Zong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Han 
Title: Reduce the Consumption of Materialized Labor 
Abstract:
 The economic result of industrial production generally refers to the ratio
 of the social labor appropriated and consumed by the industrial production
 process to the effective labor result provided for society. Less social
 labor consumption in producing the same quantity of a certain product
 implies a higher economic result, and vice versa. If the labor consumption
 exceeds the amount of labor provided for society, then the loss indicates
 a negative result. In the development of socialist production, we should
 try our best to consume relatively less social labor and provide more and
 better products for the nation and the people.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-70 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RK667G4762111UH3 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Shen 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen 
Title: On the Issue of Utilizing Foreign Capital 
Abstract:
 Do the socialist countries want to use foreign capital? Marx answered this
 question a long time ago. Lenin and Stalin, when they were leading the
 socialist construction in the Soviet Union, regarded the utilization of
 foreign capital as an important policy. In the early twenties, Russia had
 suffered severe war losses and urgently needed a restoration of peace and
 development of industry; it thus met the farmer's demand for commodities.
 At that time, Lenin was of the view that the most appropriate of all
 feasible measures was to absorb and utilize foreign capital to develop
 industry and forge a union between the Soviet regime and the peasants.
 Following the direction pointed out by Lenin, the Soviet Union obtained 2
 billion rubles from Sweden, England, Germany, Italy, and Japan from 1920
 to 1935. Russia overcame its economic problems, accelerated industrial
 construction, and consolidated the Soviet regime by using these loans.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 101-106 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 1985 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U365415120K4283R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Honglin 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Honglin 
Title: Socialism and Opening Up to the Outside World 
Abstract:
 Is opening our doors to the outside world merely an expedient measure or
 is it a basic policy to be maintained over the long-term future? This
 question has been raised by people both at home and abroad. Most recently,
 Comrade Deng Xiaoping responded to this question with a most clear-cut and
 unequivocal answer. He said: "Opening our doors to the world outside is a
 fundamental policy of our country. If there is to be change, it will be in
 the direction of even greater openness; anything else and our people
 themselves would not approve." He also said: "This policy of China's will
 not be changed in this century; it is also hard to imagine its changing in
 the second half of the next century. By that time the relations between
 China and other countries in economic and commercial terms will have
 become developed, and much more intimate, and it would be impossible to
 change the policy even if one would want to do so."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=57G6780304X5XJ26 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Jikuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jikuan 
Title: International Trade Engineering Is an Emerging Science 
Abstract:
 International trade has become an indispensable important component in the
 economic development of various countries and the most active sector in
 international relations. International trade not only has something to do
 with a country's level of development but is also closely related to its
 technology. In the course of the development of international trade, a new
 science, international trade engineering, is bound to come into being and
 will provide some theoretical basis for the growth of international trade
 to a still higher level.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=74W32VHQ653NX640 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Guanyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guanyuan 
Title: Theoretical Basis for Reform of the Planning System 
Abstract:
 The planning system holds a position of special importance in the "CCP
 Central Committee's Decision on Reforming the Economic System" adopted by
 the Third Plenum of the Twelfth Party Central Committee. The fundamental
 goal the "decision" set for the reform is to establish in China "a
 planning system that consciously applies the law of value to develop a
 socialist commodity economy." Stipulations carried by the "decision"
 affirm, on the one hand, the fact that this socialist country of ours
 continues to practice planned economy based on ownership by the whole
 people rather than a market economy totally regulated by the mechanism of
 market and, on the other hand, the idea that our socialist planning system
 should be one combining uniformity with flexibility. In terms of its
 entirety, our national economic plan should only be a broad outline
 leaving much room for maneuver. By striking an overall balance and
 employing economic devices, it should exercise an effective control over
 major areas and give a free rein to minor things. A mandatory plan should
 be provided for major products that have a bearing on the national economy
 and the people's livelihood and need to be distributed and allocated
 through the arrangement of the state as well as vital economic activities
 that involve the overall situation. As for the other products and economic
 activities in large numbers, we should, in light of their different
 conditions, provide with them a guidance plan or allow them to be
 completely regulated by the market. In regard to ways of planning, we
 should gradually narrow the extent to which the mandatory plan applies and
 properly widen the scope of the guidance plan.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C184723761LM748R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Zili 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zili 
Title: Socialism and the Commodity Economy 
Abstract:
 The reform of China's economic system has entered a new stage of all-round
 undertaking with urban reform as its focus. The "Resolution on the Reform
 of the Economic System," approved by the Third Plenum of the Twelfth CCP
 Central Committee, serves as its general program and blueprint. The
 resolution addressed in a theoretic way a series of fundamental questions
 about the socialist economy. The most important one was the break away
 from the traditional view contending that socialism and commodity economy
 are mutually exclusive. The resolution clearly pointed out that we must
 truly turn our enterprises into relatively independent socialist commodity
 producers, and that a socialist planned economy must consciously employ
 the law of value, that it is a planned commodity economy operating under a
 system of public ownership. It further indicated the basic difference
 between the socialist commodity economy and capitalism, and that full
 development of a commodity economy is a prerequisite for the modernization
 of our economy. The discussions and elaboration concerning socialist
 commodity economy in the resolution greatly broadened our vistas and
 deepened our scientific comprehension of socialism. This article attempts
 to investigate a number of problems related to the full development of a
 commodity economy under socialism.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-80 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shulian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shulian 
Title: New Advances in Science and Technology and Economic Management 
Abstract:
 People in our country are now exerting themselves to achieve the strategic
 goal set by the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party. Major
 targets outlined in the sixth five-year plan have been accomplished ahead
 of schedule and the state's financial situation has gradually turned for
 the better. The Third Plenum of the Twelfth Party Central Committee again
 mapped a blueprint for reforming the entire economic system with the city
 as the focus. Therefore we are fully confident that we can fulfill the
 task of quadrupling the total output value of agriculture and industry
 before the end of the century. Nevertheless, we should not ignore the
 difficulties we may run into in the course of achieving the strategic
 task. To overcome such difficulties, we must pay full attention to the
 development and employment of new technologies and strengthen economic
 management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Jianzhang 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianzhang 
Title: Expansion of the Enterprise's Decision-Making Power and Change in the Ownership Relation 
Abstract:
 For a long period of time a highly centralized administration, a system of
 direct state management, was exercised over industrial enterprises of
 public ownership by the whole people in China. This means a centralized
 arrangement for production, monopolized purchase and supply by the state,
 and unified collection of the revenue and disbursement of expenditure. In
 a word, the powers to manage personnel, financial, and material resources
 as well as supply, production, and sale were all concentrated in the hands
 of administrative agencies of the state at all levels; the enterprises did
 not have the decision-making power in regard to their operation and
 management. As all activities had to be conducted according to
 instructions from higher government agencies, the enterprises could hardly
 assume responsibility for the results of their operation. Consequently, it
 was the state that was held responsible for the losses or gains of the
 enterprises, which all ate "from the same big pot," namely, the state. An
 enterprise had no power to make adjustments for the wage earnings and
 fringe benefits of its employees. As the employees' personal interests
 were not tied to the results of the enterprise's operation, they, too,
 could only eat from the "big pot" of the enterprise. As a matter of fact,
 it is impossible for the state to handle properly all the supply,
 purchase, and sale relations of the enterprises, impossible to solve in
 time all the problems involving their manpower, material, and financial
 resources, and impossible to get rid of bureaucracy completely. Low
 efficiency and poor returns are the common failings of a highly
 concentrated management system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: Developmental Guidelines in the Early Stages of the Battle for Economic Reform and Some Questions of Macroscopic Control 
Abstract:
 Reform of the economic system in China, with reform in cities as its
 focus, is being unfolded across the country. At this takeoff moment of the
 reform, the question of what measures are to be taken in order to ensure
 an even and smooth transition from the old mold to the new system
 naturally commands attention. The historical experience of many other
 countries shows that the success or failure of such a reform hinges on the
 correct handling of this issue. Therefore we must study the problem in
 good earnest.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Author-Name: Li Jiange 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiange 
Author-Name: Ding Ningning 
Author-X-Name-First: Ding 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ningning 
Title: Hold Down the Growth Rate of the National Economy within an Appropriate Range 
Abstract:
 In his report on government work delivered at the Third Session of the
 Sixth National People's Congress, Premier Zhao Ziyang pointed out that it
 is necessary to adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and
 steady progress and resolutely guard against blindly pursuing and
 competing for a high growth rate. This is of paramount importance. In view
 of the fact that divergent opinions exist on whether the current growth
 rate of industry is appropriate, further discussions are necessary in
 order to reach a common understanding of the matter.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George T. Crane 
Author-X-Name-First: George T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crane 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 Since their creation in 1979, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been
 the source of numerous political and intellectual debates in China.
 Differences of opinion can be found on a wide range of subjects, from
 relatively technical problems of the daily administration of the zones to
 more fundamental questions of the nature of Chinese socialism. It is hoped
 that the articles translated here stake out the universe of discourse on
 the SEZs as it exists in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-7 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Muheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muheng 
Author-Name: Chen Yongshan 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongshan 
Title: On the Nature of Asian Export Processing Zones and China's Special Economic Zones 
Abstract:
 After the appearance of Asia's first export processing zone (EPZ) in
 Gaoxiong, Taiwan province, in 1965, more than ten Asian developing
 countries and territories established EPZs throughout the late 1960s and
 early 1970s in order to use foreign capital and develop their national
 economies. This situation of over ten years makes clear that the Asian
 EPZs have definitely brought results. However, many problems still exist.
 Especially regarding the nature of the EPZs, there has been much
 discussion at home and abroad. This August 26 [1980] the Standing
 Committee of China's Fifth National People's Congress approved the
 "Regulations for Special Economic Zones in Guangdong Province" put forward
 by the State Council. The first group of Special Economic Zones will be in
 Guangdong's Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou. Thus, probing into the question
 of the nature of the Asian EPZs will have real significance for China's
 current economic construction.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Xiulin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiulin 
Title: Is the Economy of China's Special Economic Zones State Capitalist in Nature? 
Abstract:
 Since China decided to establish special economic zones (SEZs) in the
 cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong province and in the
 city of Xiamen in Fujian province, the question of the nature of the SEZ
 economy has been a matter of constant concern. In academic circles it has
 brought about broad discussion with widely divided opinion. Some say the
 SEZ economy is capitalist in nature; some say it is socialist. There are
 also some who say it is New Democratic in nature. Still others consider it
 to be state capitalist in nature, or basically state capitalist. The
 question of how to recognize correctly the nature of the SEZ economy has
 important practical significance in regard to the implementation of this
 important policy decision by the Central Committee, and in regard to
 further emancipating our thought, strengthening our confidence, and
 pushing ahead with the construction of the SEZs. For this reason, it is
 necessary to engage in a theoretical discussion of this matter. This essay
 will address the question of how to recognize the nature of the SEZ
 economy. I offer to share a few of my immature views with my comrades.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-40 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guangming Ribao 
Author-X-Name-First: Guangming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ribao 
Title: Shenzhen and Shekou Industrial Areas Reform Wage System 
Abstract:
 This newspaper's staff reporters Chen Yushan and Wu Xiaomin and Xinhua
 News Agency Reporter He Yunhua report: "It is correct to emphasize
 socialist consciousness [among employees] and to strengthen their
 political thought; but on the other hand, socialism requires more reward
 for more results, and wages must accord with work performed. A wage system
 that treats diligence and laziness, high-level and low-level specialized
 knowledge, and professional and amateur skills the same cannot be called
 socialist." These words were said by Yuan Geng, party secretary of Shekou
 Industrial District and director of the Management Committee, when he was
 talking with reporters about the main ideas for wage reform at Shekou [in
 Shenzhen Special Economic Zone].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-72 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zou Erkang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erkang 
Title: Special Economic Zone Typifies Open Policy 
Abstract:
 >b>Question>/b>: When did you begin to set up the Special Economic Zone?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-85 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su Yanhan 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanhan 
Title: A Brief Discussion of the Economic Nature of China's Special Economic Zones 
Abstract:
 To implement special policies, absorb foreign capital on a large scale,
 and implement economic cooperation between China and foreign countries,
 China's Special Economic Zones are now forming a new socioeconomic
 structure. This structure is an important indication of the difference
 between the nature of the economy in special zones and the economy in the
 broad areas of our domestic economy. This article will emphasize examining
 the nature of the special zones' economy from the angle of the
 socioeconomic structure, from its special nature, its dual nature, and its
 transitional nature.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-58 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 This special issue on China's Special Economic Zones consists of eight
 articles. The first three are theoretical, dealing with the ownership of
 the means of production, and whether they are socialist or capitalist in
 nature. Dr. George T. Crane translated two of the articles and wrote an
 introduction. Bill Verrick translated the third.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liang Xiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiang 
Title: Shenzhen: Opening to the World 
Abstract:
 Special Economic Zones are an important part of China's policy of opening
 to the world. The idea was first put forward at the end of 1978, when
 China began its modernization drive. The National People's Congress
 formally approved the special zones in Guangdong province in August 1980
 and the Xiamen zone two months later.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-78 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Zeyu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeyu 
Title: A Mirror for Urban Economic Reforms 
Abstract:
 Shenzhen, a bleak and desolate small town when it was first opened to the
 outside world five years ago, has since been transformed into a modern
 city. With an injection of foreign capital and bank loans, this Special
 Economic Zone has embarked on large-scale construction projects at top
 speed and with high efficiency. The city infrastructure projects have been
 completed, and buildings covering a total floor space of 3 million square
 meters have been completed and put into service. Noting the quick growth
 of the Shenzhen skyline, visitors from other parts of the country are
 astonished by "Shenzhen speed."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-92 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1985 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1986 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Jinbai 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinbai 
Title: The General Concept of Productive Labor 
Abstract:
 [Author's note]: For the basic viewpoint of this article, see "Guanyu
 Ma-ke-si de shengchan laodong lilun de ji ge wenti" [Some Questions
 Concerning Marx's Theory of Productive Labor] in >i>Zhongguo shehui
 kexue>/i> [Social Sciences in China] 1 (1982). For the present volume, the
 author rewrote the original essay according to the requirements of this
 book.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-39 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 1986 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yin Hang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hang 
Title: Capitalism will Surely Perish, Socialism will Surely Prosper 
Abstract:
 Commenting on the general features of the international situation near the
 end of the fifties, the great leader Chairman Mao pointed out: "The enemy
 is rotting away day by day, while we get better and better day by day."
 The unfolding of history eloquently proves Chairman Mao's brilliant
 conclusion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 6 
Year: 1972 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Hai 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hai 
Title: Study Some Political Economy 
Abstract:
 The great leader Chairman Mao has called upon us many times to study some
 political economy. This call is directed not only to comrades engaged in
 economic work but also to the broad masses of Communist Party members and
 revolutionary cadres â especially the Party's responsible cadres.
 "Marx's economic theory is the most profound, most complete, and most
 detailed attestation and application of the theory of Marx" (Lenin, "Karl
 Marx"). The study of Marxist political economy is very important for
 having a good grasp of Marxism, for thoroughly understanding our Party's
 basic program and basic line, for correctly carrying out the line and
 policies of the Party for the stage of socialist revolution, and for
 criticizing the anti-Party, anti-Marxist revisionist line of Liu Shao-ch'i
 and other swindlers. Marxist political economy is a science for the study
 of production relations, and production relations constitute the
 fundamental relations that determine all other relations in society. To
 study production relations, it is essential to study the contradiction
 between the production relations and the productive forces, the
 contradiction between the superstructure and the economic base, and the
 objective laws governing the development of human society. Engels pointed
 out that the proletarian party's "entire theoretical content stems from
 the study of political economy" (Karl Marx, >u>A Critique of Political
 Economy>/u>). Bourgeois economists always study the economic relations of
 society as the relations between things, and use this to cover up the
 exploitative relations of capitalism. What Marxist political economy
 studies is not the relations between things but the relations among
 people, and ultimately the relations between classes. The production of
 material things has never been the result of individual production but of
 social production. In order to carry out production, people must form
 certain production relations one way or another. Production relations are
 determined by the nature of the productive forces, and in turn play an
 enormous role in the development of the productive forces. Production
 relations also change with the development of the productive forces.
 Production relations that are incompatible with the nature of the
 productive forces are inevitably transformed sooner or later. The sum
 total of production relations constitutes the economic base of society. A
 given economic base has its corresponding superstructure, that is, the
 state apparatus, army, laws, and all kinds of social ideology. Social
 production always develops under the impetus of contradictions between the
 production relations and the productive forces and between the
 superstructure and the economic base. The contradictions between the
 production relations and the productive forces and between the
 superstructure and the economic base are not contradictions between
 things. They are contradictions among people and between classes. To
 reveal the secret of exploitation of man by man under the capitalist
 system through the false appearance of things controlling and governing
 people and to scientifically prove the laws governing the origination,
 development, and disintegration of the capitalist system â this is the
 great contribution of Marxist political economy to the proletarian
 revolution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-91 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 6 
Year: 1972 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kung Hsiao-wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiao-wen 
Title: We Must Keep Count 
Abstract:
 At present, a new upsurge of China's socialist revolution and construction
 is rising higher, and the assignments of the first year of the Fourth
 Five-Year Plan are being triumphantly carried out. The new situation
 creates new demands on the work of statistical planning. Much is still to
 be done in statistical work with respect to
 "struggle-criticism-transformation." But some comrades still have muddled
 ideas, to a certain extent, with respect to statistical work. In some
 departments and factories, after the revisionist view "Statistics is all
 powerful" has been criticized, there emerges another, "Statistics is
 useless." We must give attention to the troubles it stirs up.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-38 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 6 
Year: 1973 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en Yung-kuei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yung-kuei 
Title: On Scientific Farming 
Abstract:
 This article sums up the experience in scientific farming. It stresses
 that in order to carry out scientific farming it is imperative to educate
 the peasants with socialist ideas, carry forward the revolutionary spirit
 of hard struggle and self-reliance, seriously carry out to the letter the
 "eight-word constitution" for agriculture as formulated by Chairman Mao,
 devote strenuous efforts to fully arousing the masses, and conduct
 experiments in everything. The article uses revolutionary dialectics to
 explain problems, and the language used is vivid and alive.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-74 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 1973 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4V6263313U5076Q8 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Note 
Abstract:
 The current issue comprises thirteen articles selected on the basis of
 their representativeness of the underlying trends and attributes of
 economic activity in the People's Republic of China during the period
 January 1 through March 30, 1973. The documents seem to suggest that the
 economy is still going through a period of consolidation and that there is
 no sign of a break from the economic policy of last year. For instance,
 some of the articles included here stress the continued pursuit of the
 principle of "taking agriculture as the foundation and industry as the
 leading factor" in handling the interrelations among agriculture, light
 industry, and heavy industry.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 6 
Year: 1973 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1974 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=773516108276RL67 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung Ch'iao 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'iao 
Title: Strive to Store Grain Everywhere 
Abstract:
 Under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, an excellent
 situation unknown before has emerged on the food grain front in our
 country since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-26 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1974 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-shun Chi 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-shun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi 
Title: Highlights of Economic Conditions in China 
Abstract:
 >p>This is an eyewitness report of the highlights of the economic
 conditions in China. I spent six weeks from the end of March to the middle
 of May in China traveling through South China to North China. The cities I
 visited include Canton, Wuhan, Peking, Tientsin, Shanghai, Suchow, and
 Hangchow. Wuhan is a newly developed industrial center where I visited the
 following representative factories:>/p>>p>Wuhan Meat Processing
 Plant;>/p>>p>Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation;>/p>>p>Wuhan Heavyweight
 Machine Tools Factory;>/p>>p>Wuhan Diesel Engine Tractor Factory;
 and>/p>>p>Wuhan Cotton Textile Mill.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-74 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: James Tobin 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tobin 
Title: The Economy of China: A Tourist's View 
Abstract:
 I visited the People's Republic of China for two weeks, September 8-22,
 1972, together with Professors John Kenneth Galbraith and Wassily
 Leontief, in the first of a series of visits by U.S. academicians and
 scientists arranged by the Federation of American Scientists and the
 Chinese Academy of Sciences. Our hosts were the Academy of Sciences, the
 Scientific and Technical Association, and Peking University. We spent a
 day in Canton, a week in Peking, a day each in Nanking and Hang-chow,
 three days in Shanghai, and nearly two days traveling by train. We spent
 two and a half days in Peking in discussions with economists from Peking
 University and from the Academy's Institute of Economics. A similar but
 less elaborate discussion took place in Shanghai with economists of Futan
 University. In addition, we visited an arts and crafts workshop, a cotton
 textile factory, a machine tool plant, a rural people's commune, a grocery
 supermarket, a large department store, an industrial exposition, a high
 school, and a hospital. We found all of these visits and discussions
 extremely informative. Nevertheless, we are acutely aware of the vast gaps
 in our information about the Chinese economic system. Very few
 macro-economic data were available to us, and we were not able to talk to
 economists and other responsible officials in the planning and operating
 agencies of the government.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-46 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: S. Y. Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: S. Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: A Report on the Chinese Commune 
Abstract:
 Among the many remarkable achievements in the People's Republic of China,
 one of the most significant has been the development of the commune
 system. Since 80 percent of the Chinese people live on the farms, the
 development of a stable agricultural sector is essential to the overall
 stability and development of the Chinese society.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-93 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lloyd G. Reynolds 
Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reynolds 
Title: China's Economy: A View from the Grass Roots 
Abstract:
 The number of American economists who have been to China is about equal to
 the number of astronauts who have been to the moon, so each returning
 traveler can add something to our limited knowledge of that vast and
 complex country. These notes are intended to supplement the reports of
 previous visitors without repeating things which are generally known.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-24 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Victor D. Lippit 
Author-X-Name-First: Victor D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lippit 
Title: Efficiency, Planning, and Economic Interactions in China: A Visitor's Report 
Abstract:
 Having carried out studies on Chinese economic development and
 organization for some time before visiting China in August 1972, I was
 concerned with clarifying a number of issues concerning how the economy
 functioned. Traveling with the first group of American Radical Political
 Economists, I had ample opportunity to visit production and distribution
 organizations â factories of various types, communes, a coal mine, a
 department store, a produce and meat market, cooperative workshops, and so
 forth. Besides engaging in lengthy discussions with responsible personnel
 at each of these places, the members of our group were also able to talk
 at length with academic economists from Peking and Futan (Shanghai)
 Universities, and with officials from the Ministry of Commerce and the
 People's Bank of China. In talking with the Chinese and in making
 observations, I was particularly concerned with grasping principal
 relationships and interactions within the economy, and with understanding
 the rationale for the patterns of economic organization that have emerged.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-64 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 8 
Year: 1975 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W20310118402757T 
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Author-Name: Chung Chih 
Author-X-Name-First: Chung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chih 
Title: An Acute Struggle to Smash the Capitalist Road 
Abstract:
 Our great leader, Chairman Mao, teaches us:"We have a rural population of
 more than 500 million, so the condition of our peasants has a most
 important bearing on the development of our economy and the consolidation
 of our political power." Following our nationwide victory, the fate of the
 dictatorship of the proletariat and of the socialist system depended on
 whether the peasants were led down the socialist road or down the
 capitalist road.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1971 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Ch'i Yung-hung 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'i 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yung-hung 
Title: Industry Must Energetically Support Agriculture 
Abstract:
 Guided by Chairman Mao's great policy of"taking agriculture as the
 foundation and industry as the leading sector," great achievements have
 been made in the support of agriculture by industry in the past few years,
 especially since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, thus greatly
 facilitating the development of socialist agricultural production and
 providing an enormous driving force for the all-round fulfillment of
 the"Outline for National Agricultural Development" in the vast
 countryside. Because China is a large country with a rural population
 several hundred millions strong, there is still imbalance in the
 development of this work. In order to transform completely the aspects of
 agricultural production, it is imperative that the revolutionary spirit
 of"self-reliance" and"hard struggle" be brought energetically into play
 and that the support of agriculture by industry be carried out to the
 letter. At present, however, there are still some comrades who lack
 adequate understanding with respect to the support of agriculture by
 industry. They think that products made in support of agriculture"sell at
 a low price and bring a low margin of profit," are"simple and crude," and
 do not offer any technical challenge. In short, this amounts to saying
 that"to support agriculture puts one at a disadvantage."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1971 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Ssu-kuang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ssu-kuang 
Title: Apply Chairman Mao'S Philosophical Thinking to the Development of Science and Technology 
Abstract:
 This article emphatically makes the point that in the sphere of science
 and technology it is necessary to put proletarian politics in command,
 persist in taking the mass line, and for scientific workers to study
 materialism and dialectics, further criticize idealism and metaphysical
 viewpoints, and strive to analyze and solve on the basis of the
 proletarian world outlook new problems arising in various branches of
 science.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1971 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ts'ai Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ts'ai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Put Mao Tse-Tung Thought in Command of Economic Accounting 
Abstract:
 Establishment of the economic accounting system is an important principle
 in the management of a socialist enterprise. Experience provided by Dairen
 Dyestuff Factory shows that perseveringly putting Mao Tse-tung Thought in
 command, taking class struggle as the key link, and boldly arousing the
 masses to strengthen enterprise management and to do economic accounting
 well constitute one of the important aspects of the
 struggle-criticism-transformation campaign of an enterprise.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 143-149 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1971 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-min Jih-pao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jih-pao 
Title: Relying on Our Own Efforts and Adopting Indigenous Methods to Develop"Small-Scale Fiber Plants" 
Abstract:
 Kiangsu Province has been moving to build a synthetic fiber industry for a
 good number of years. Prior to the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,
 however, there were ups and downs, and, owing to serious interference by
 the renegade, hidden traitor, and scab Liu Shao-ch'i's
 counterrevolutionary revisionist line, the results were not outstanding.
 Motivated by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the broad masses
 of workers of Kiangsu Province, within their red hearts the will to win
 glory for the great leader, Chairman Mao, and for the great socialist
 motherland, paved the way with revolutionary great criticism, relied on
 their own efforts, and got things going with indigenous' methods. In the
 short course of little more than one year, they have completed nine
 small-scale synthetic fiber plants, and another eight will also be
 completed for production at the end of this year. Five products â
 dacron, nylon, vinylon, orlon, and saran â are under production.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 122-130 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1971 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q57322111PQX8260 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George C. Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: George C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Foreword 
Abstract:
 This issue of >u>Chinese Economic Studies>/u> is a complete translation of
 >u>An Outline of the Compilation Work for an Input-Output Table for the
 People's Republic of China, 1956>/u>. Professor Niwa Haruki at Kwansei
 Gakuin University made the study under the auspices of the Institute of
 Developing Economies of Japan. The book comprises nine chapters,
 twenty-nine charts, three figures, and numerous tables. Because of the
 technical nature of the work, a few explanatory words on the construction
 of the tables may be helpful, particularly for those who are interested in
 comparing the productive structure of China with the structures of other
 related economies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 181-182 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1972 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haruki Niwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Haruki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Niwa 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 This report outlines the stochastic work done for compilation of the "1956
 Chinese Input-Output Table," as part of the researches undertaken during
 fiscal years 1967 and 1968 for "Analyses and Projections of Communist Bloc
 Countries' Economies Through Econometric Macro-Models, Foreign Trade
 Matrices, and Input-Output Tables," a project commissioned by the Asian
 Economic Research Institute [Ajiya Keizai Kenkyujo].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 183-185 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 5 
Year: 1972 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Jinbai 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinbai 
Title: Some Theoretical Problems of Socialist National Income: The Distribution of the Social Product and of the National Income 
Abstract:
 After the social product and the national income have been produced, they
 have to be distributed and redistributed. The task of this essay is to
 discuss the distribution of the social product, and in particular the
 question of the primary distribution of the national income. Let us begin
 with a discussion of the meaning of the relations of distribution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-27 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rong Yiren 
Author-X-Name-First: Rong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yiren 
Title: Observations on Some Questions in the Building of a Socialist Economy with Chinese Characteristics 
Abstract:
 Building China into a socialist country with Chinese characteristics is
 the only way to make the country prosper and grow strong. On this point, I
 have had the opportunity to gain some perceptual knowledge in the past few
 years, having taken part in some economic activities. In conjunction with
 the perception gained in practice, recently I have systematically
 reexamined the Chinese Constitution and the related party lines and
 policies. After repeated reflection, I have come to realize that there are
 several important issues in economic construction. My purpose is only to
 "cast a brick to attract jade," in the hope that my commonplace remarks
 will bring out more valuable observations from other people so that
 together we can contribute to the country's socialist modernization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 13-25 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tong Dalin 
Author-X-Name-First: Tong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalin 
Author-Name: Song Yanming 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanming 
Title: Horizontal Economic Integration Is a Beachhead to Launch Urban Reform 
Abstract:
 China's rural economic reform was launched through the establishment of
 the system of contracted responsibility for production. With this
 breakthrough, a series of further reforms touching on both the economic
 foundations and the superstructure were possible. These included raising
 the procurement price of farm produce, opening farm produce markets,
 effecting necessary changes in the system of unified state purchase and
 acquisition of certain products, readjusting production structures, and
 restoring rural administration. As a result, many successful specialized
 households, specialized villages, and different types of economic
 affiliations formed spontaneously by the peasants have emerged. All this
 gave a great spur to the development of rural industry and brought China's
 rural areas into a new era of flourishing commodity economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Chengrui 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chengrui 
Title: An Important Question in Macroeconomic Management 
Abstract:
 Macroeconomic control and microeconomic liberalization and reinvigoration
 are mutually complementary and conditional. In reforming the economic
 structure, both areas are important. Macrocontrol of the national economy
 has two objectives. One, in terms of value, total social production must
 meet total demand. Second, in terms of use value or product output, total
 production must also meet total demand. The first objective is
 quantitative balance. The second is balance between departments and
 products. Balance in value is the primary concern of macrocontrol.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-12 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=54L242T3678M1676 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Peixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peixin 
Title: On Building a Socialist Capital Market in China 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenary Session of the party's Eleventh Central Committee,
 the reform of the ownership system and the shift in economic policy have
 brought about profound changes in the capital market. Peasants are getting
 richer and are expanding the scale of their production after the
 introduction of the system of contracted responsibility for production and
 the adjustment in procurement prices of farm and subsidiary products. Tens
 of millions of workers and employees got raises and bonuses and have more
 money in their pockets. Enterprises, imbued with more autonomy, were
 allowed to keep a portion of their depreciation funds and retain a
 percentage of the profits. Now that the [new] system requires the payment
 of income taxes to the state, the enterprises have begun to have funds of
 their own. Since local governments are allowed to run their own financial
 affairs, localities, departments, and units each have some extrabudgetary
 funds. Central financial departments can no longer take over without
 compensation those portions of the national income allocated to farmers,
 workers, employees, enterprises, and localities. The function of
 fundraising has gradually been transferred to the banks.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-74 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=761Q7LW6G48T4575 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: Price Fluctuations and Changes in People's Livelihood in China in the Past Six Years 
Abstract:
 From 1978 to 1984, price and people's livelihood in China underwent marked
 changes. On the one hand, prices rose. On the other hand, people's
 livelihood improved. Prima facie, price rise and people's well-being are
 in conflict with each other. For a long time, we have publicized that to
 maintain stable price is a basic principle of the party. It guarantees
 stability in people's well-being. This line of reasoning has taken root in
 people's hearts. As a result, people are worried whenever prices rise. It
 is their conviction that price rise inevitably leads to lower living
 standards. Since the Third Plenum of the Party's Eleventh Central
 Committee, growth of national economy in general and agricultural
 development in particular has been accelerated through a series of
 systematic price readjustments, in an effort to rationalize the
 interrelationships in the national economy. In the past several years,
 prices of farm produce were raised by a considerable margin. This has
 enabled agriculture to develop rapidly. Urban and rural people are happy
 about the rapid agricultural development. But their reactions differ as to
 the price hike. Peasants are happy, city residents are against it. What
 causes the different attitudes? Urban people are consumers of farm produce
 whereas peasants are producers. On the question of price, the interests of
 consumers and producers are always in conflict.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-63 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhan Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Proper Attention Should Be Paid to the Supplementary Role of Microeconomic Regulation in Enterprises 
Abstract:
 Following the development of a planned commodity economy and reforms in
 the urban and rural economic system, enhancement of decision-making powers
 of enterprises and efforts to activate the economy, a multiform economic
 regulation in industrial and commercial enterprises and between them has
 gradually emerged in cities and the countryside. I refer to it as
 microeconomic regulation, which is playing an important supplementary role
 to the state-regulated macroeconomics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F270J8H32R4G364N 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1986:i:2:p:83-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Daojiong 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daojiong 
Title: Macro Control and Micro Self-Regulating Investment 
Abstract:
 In 1984, China's national economy showed stable, uninterrupted growth.
 Oversupply of money emerged as a major problem. Too many bank loans were
 extended, consumer funds grew too fast, and investment in fixed assets
 became excessive. Since the beginning of 1985, a number of localities and
 departments have one-sidedly emphasized high speed of development.
 Large-scale investment has continued to pour into extrabudget projects.
 Overinvestment manifested itself in the escalation of project scale and
 requirements, and other loopholes such as key projects siphoned off an
 immense amount of additional funds, and unnecessary duplication in
 construction. Economic results of investment have slowed down to a slump.
 A major task in current national economy is to curtail the scale of
 investment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 90-96 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Jianbai 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianbai 
Title: Market Mechanism and Macroeconomic Control 
Abstract:
 "The Party Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the Seventh
 Five-Year Plan for the National Economy and Social Development" pointed
 out that, in establishing a new economic structure, efforts should be made
 to fit in the needs of a planned commodity economy based upon public
 ownership. Three key elements are to be grasped: infusing enterprises with
 new vitality, establishing a commodity market, and an indirect control
 system. The three go together. This article will focus on some questions
 of the market mechanism and macroeconomic control under existing
 conditions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-82 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1986:i:2:p:75-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Ling 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling 
Title: Xue Muqiao Expresses New Views on the Question of Ownership 
Abstract:
 Well-known economist Xue Muqiao said at a recent discussion on the system
 of ownership that the concept of dividing socialist public ownership into
 only state ownership and collective ownership needs to be revised. The
 difference between the two in administration is gradually diminishing, he
 said, and the socialist public ownership system may evolve into a system
 with many tiers-central, local (provinces, municipalities, and counties),
 and rural-and many modes of administration. In addition, there is
 individual ownership, which supplements public ownership, and certain
 nonsocialist economic sectors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F82R52M2T03740T4 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1986:i:2:p:64-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Author-Name: Hu Ji 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji 
Author-Name: Li Jiange 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiange 
Title: On Controlling Demand and Improving Supply 
Abstract:
 Premier Zhao Ziyang, when talking about the current economic situation and
 1986 tasks at the national planning and economic work conference on
 January 13 this year, pointed out that, in the past year, due to a series
 of measures taken by the Party Central Committee and State Council to
 strengthen macroeconomic control and eliminate factors of instability in
 the nation's economic life, there has been great improvement of the
 situation in which total social demand exceeded total supply. Referring to
 remaining factors of instability and the phenomenon of "chopping off
 everything with one blow of the knife" [indiscriminate treatment in
 reform] which occurred last year in regard to the tightening of the money
 market and control of currency circulation, he stressed that this year,
 while continuing to strengthen macroeconomic control, particular attention
 should be paid to improving it; that, while controlling demand, particular
 attention should be paid to improving supply; and that, while reducing the
 extremely high rate of growth, particular attention should be paid to
 maintaining a proper rate of growth on the basis of economic results. He
 also pointed out that economic reform this year should concentrate on
 "consolidating, digesting, supplementing, and improving" measaures already
 put into practrice last year, so as to be ready to take major new strides
 next year. We consider it imperative that these points be borne in mind in
 this year's economic work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-45 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N0220K460M21V304 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Author-Name: Li Jiange 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiange 
Author-Name: Ding Ningning 
Author-X-Name-First: Ding 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ningning 
Title: Keep the Growth Rate of the National Economy within Proper Limits 
Abstract:
 In his Report on the Work of the Government to the Third Session of the
 Sixth National People's Congress, Premier Zhao Ziyang pointed out that the
 policy of seeking truth from facts and making stable progress must be
 continued, and that blindly chasing after growth rate and competing over
 who can go faster must be avoided. This is an extremely important issue.
 As there exist different views on whether the present speed of industrial
 growth is appropriate, we deem it necessary to discuss the issue, so as to
 arrive at a uniform understanding.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-54 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1986 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N785661743510653 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rong Wenzuo 
Author-X-Name-First: Rong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenzuo 
Title: Establishing Socialist Joint Stock Companies: A Report of a Study on the Joint-Development Company of the China Tourism Souvenirs Enterprise 
Abstract:
 The Joint-Development Company of the China Tourism Souvenirs Enterprise is
 a crossregional, crossdepartmental, and crossownership socialist joint
 stock company. The organization of this company began in January 1983. It
 was officially established in March of that year. Up to the end of August
 1985, the company, despite having only two years and five months of
 "life," has nonetheless already achieved results that are very encouraging
 and that are hard to imagine by conventional standards.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-62 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuo Mu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu 
Title: An Exploration into Several Problems Related to the Restructuring of the System of Ownership 
Abstract:
 The deepening development of the reform of the economic system is bound to
 raise the question of the system of ownership. On the premise of
 consolidating and further developing the system of socialist public
 ownership, we have to restructure the ownership system in our country so
 as to make the social strata of the ownership system more rational and to
 make the internal ownership distribution, the right of operation
 (occupying and using [the means of production]), and the right of
 allocation more appropriate. The restructuring of the ownership system is
 extremely significant for the reform of the economic system as a whole.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-77 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=882374947GN64473 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1987:i:3:p:63-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Title: Economic Reform and Macroeconomic Management: Commentaries on the International Conference on Macroeconomic Management 
Abstract:
 >i>People's Daily>/i> Editor's Note: The following essay was written after
 a group discussion and deliberation, chaired by Liu Guoguang and Zhang
 Zhuoyuan. The following people took part in the discussion and editing of
 the draft: Liu Guoguang, Chen Jiyuan, Zhang Zhuoyuan, He Jiacheng, Zhou
 Shulian, Zhao Renwei, Dai Yuanshen. The preliminary draft was written by
 Dai Yuanshen and He Jiacheng.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-45 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P1161U08833818G7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zheng Tuobin 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tuobin 
Title: The Problem of Reforming China's Foreign Trade System 
Abstract:
 On September 15, 1984, the State Council read and approved the report
 submitted by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade on the
 further reform of the foreign trade system. In its instruction, the State
 Council pointed out: "The reform of the foreign trade system is one of the
 major reforms in our economic system; it will have a major impact on our
 country's implementation of the policy of opening up to the outside world,
 and domestically, to invigorate our economy, of the policies to develop
 further our foreign trade and to speed up the four modernizations."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-49 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B2T437651H78G82H 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zheng Tuobin 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tuobin 
Title: The Problem of Reforming China's Foreign Trade System 
Abstract:
 On September 15, 1984, the State Council read and approved the report
 submitted by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade on the
 further reform of the foreign trade system. In its instruction, the State
 Council pointed out: "The reform of the foreign trade system is one of the
 major reforms in our economic system; it will have a major impact on our
 country's implementation of the policy of opening up to the outside world,
 and domestically, to invigorate our economy, of the policies to develop
 further our foreign trade and to speed up the four modernizations."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-26 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B6G7G824GK86371N 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Mu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu 
Title: The New Technological Revolution and the Technological Progress in Industries 
Abstract:
 To realize the strategic goals that we have set for the year 2000, we must
 rely at least half on scientific and technological progress. The new
 technological revolution that is emerging vigorously throughout the world
 at this very time offers us an opportunity of great advantage in our
 effort to accelerate our country's technological progress. Therefore, an
 urgent task confronts us: to find a proper way to exploit this opportunity
 so that we may, on the one hand, speed up progress by skipping a few
 stages of traditional development and, on the other hand, to avoid immense
 waste brought about by haste and rushing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-67 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E300Q76847231567 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1987:i:4:p:50-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ye Yuansheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuansheng 
Title: The World Technological Revolution and China's Policy of Technological Innovation 
Abstract:
 To study the achievements of the new technological revolution in the world
 and to make timely applications is a major strategic problem in our
 economic development. We must seize this opportunity to step up the pace
 of industrial technological development and the transfer and application
 of the world's new technology to our country, and lay down a firm and
 solid technological foundation for the economic revival of the 1990s. To
 do this we must proceed from the realities in our country, and formulate
 our policy aiming at the technological innovation that will bring us
 maximum economic results.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-80 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 1987 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y5074W532J852W28 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:20:y:1987:i:4:p:68-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shih Ch'e 
Author-X-Name-First: Shih 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ch'e 
Title: A Preliminary Survey of Some Problems of Accumulation and Consumption in Rural Communes 
Abstract:
 The ratio between accumulation and consumption in rural people's communes
 reflects the relationship among the state, the collective, and
 individuals. It also reflects the relationship between the rate of
 enlarged agricultural reproduction and the rate of enhancement of the
 peasants' standards of living. It further reflects the relationship
 between the peasants' present interests and their long-range interests.
 Correct handling of the ratio between accumulation and consumption in
 rural communes is an important factor in correctly handling the
 contradictions among the people, and in mobilizing the positiveness of the
 broad mass of peasants, and in further developing agriculture as the basis
 upon which the new leap forward of the entire national economy can be
 launched and accelerated.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=10LM5V434607R3U2 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:2:y:1968:i:1:p:32-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Peide 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peide 
Title: A Summary of the Discussion on Present Rural Business Operations with Hired Labor 
Abstract:
 The first opinion defines operations with hired labor as production and
 operations carried out by using other people's labor. Comrades who hold
 this opinion include in the concept also mutual exchange of labor in
 different forms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-24 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3717W92205617M56 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:17-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Jian 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jian 
Title: An Effective Way to Increase Employment. A Report on Beijing's Self-Employed Sector 
Abstract:
 We recently conducted an overall survey of individual (private) industry
 and commerce in Beijing. The survey was done in three stages. The first
 involved determining the aim, scale, and method of our survey. On this
 point, we came to the conclusion that the self-employed sector, an
 important component of China's economic life, is multifaceted and can be
 studied from many angles, including economic and sociological angles. We
 elected to study it from the angle of employment as one possible solution
 to Beijing's placement problem. That is, we wanted to find out the
 composition of the people involved in such undertakings, their modes of
 production and operation, as well as how such individual operations could
 develop further, and how more young people could be drawn into them.
 Because there were large numbers of such individual small businesses in
 Beijing, which were scattered and quite unorganized, we decided to collect
 our information mostly through sending out questionnaires combined with
 personal interviews. The second stage was the actual survey, in which we
 first did some interviews, on the basis of which we wrote up the
 questionnaires. The questionnaires contained forty questions in three
 major categories: personal data on the people operating the businesses,
 facts about their operations, and the views they held about their
 operations. We hoped, through the answers, to understand three things: (1)
 What types of people were engaged in individual businesses in Beijing?
 What were their objectives? (2) How were they doing? (3) How could they do
 a better job, and how could more people, especially young people, be
 attracted?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tao Youzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Tao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Youzhi 
Title: A Brief Discussion of the Consolidation and Development of the Individual Economy 
Abstract:
 Wenzhou was one of the areas where the self-employed sector developed
 quite rapidly and with great diversity. According to 1985 statistics, this
 city had 130,000 individually owned businesses, with 150,000 operators and
 483 markets of different items. Among these markets were ten major ones
 for items such as buttons, low-voltage electrical appliances, and plastic
 products, which had the largest sales and the most widespread influence in
 the country.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C589071210077205 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:37-42




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hua 
Title: Can an Individual Operator Be Qualified as a Principal in Doing Business with Foreign Countries? 
Abstract:
 From November 26 to 29, 1985, law societies of Guangdong and Fujian
 provinces and the cities of Tianjin and Shanghai conducted in Guangzhou a
 "Seminar on Legal Issues Concerning Economic Contracts with Foreign
 Countries." A heated debate was launched at the meeting on the proposition
 of who will serve as a principal of an economic contract with the foreign
 country and the scope of its application. The point at issue was whether
 or not an individual Chinese citizen can enter into an economic contract
 with the foreign country as a principal. This article puts together
 opinions and materials relevant to the issue and makes a preliminary
 inquiry into it as a reference for researchers of legal science.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Rongliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rongliang 
Author-Name: He Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: Attach Importance to the Administration of Self-Employed Youth 
Abstract:
 Recently, concerned with enhancing our supervision of self- employed
 youth, we investigated the situation of small businesses run by
 self-employed youth in Wuxi City. We have had extensive meetings with all
 levels of business associations, self-employed workers' associations
 (SEWAs), tax and revenue departments, and self-employed businesses. We
 also interviewed two hundred self-employed youths.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-36 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K078VV86J58Q2462 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:26-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ma Qianli 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qianli 
Title: Management of the "Stupid Melon Seed Dealer" and Its Evasion of Taxes and Other Tax Problems 
Abstract:
 The "Stupid Melon Seed Dealer" owned by Nian Guangjiu of Wuhu city, Anhui
 province, is nationally known. I went to Wuhu in mid-June 1983 to make an
 on-the-spot study of it and later researched other available material.
 Following are my observations on how the operation was run and how it
 managed to evade part of the taxes it owed the state, as well as some
 opinions on the question of taxation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M6644X8J0441LK48 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:76-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xia Zhongrui 
Author-X-Name-First: Xia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhongrui 
Author-Name: Wang Wanzhen 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wanzhen 
Author-Name: Jin Zhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhi 
Title: Strengthening Guidance and Management; Expanding Individual Economy 
Abstract:
 A Shanghai forum on individual economy was called from April 20 to 23,
 1986, by the Shanghai Economic Structural Reform Research Society and the
 Institute of Planned Economy under the Shanghai Municipal Planning
 Commission. At the forum, comprehensive reports on the basic situation in
 individual economy in Shanghai and new phenomena and problems requiring
 study were given by comrades from the Shanghai Administration of Industry
 and Commerce. Full discussions were held on the role and status of
 Shanghai's individual economic sector in the national economy, the
 question of large or oversized individual businesses or enterprises, how
 to strengthen administration over the individual economy while promoting
 its further expansion, and other issues.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 102-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P0025136066M20P1 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:102-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: The Private Economy (I). Guest Editor: Stanley Rosen 
Abstract:
 Among the many controversial economic initiatives introduced by China's
 reformers in the post-Mao period, the revival and expansion of private
 enterprise must rank near the top. Brought back as an adjunct to the
 "major" sectors of the socialist economy-state and collective
 enterprisesâthe private or individual economy was intended to be
 small-scale and to solve some acute problems facing the Chinese government
 after the Cultural Revolution. Perhaps most important, the private economy
 was expected to absorb many unemployed urban youth. The numbers of jobless
 young people had become a serious problem for at least two reasons. First,
 the new emphasis on educational quality dictated an abrupt reversal of the
 educational expansion that had marked the Cultural Revolution stress on
 equality. Thus, the number of secondary school students went from 68
 million in 1977 down to 44 million by 1983. Second, the majority of the 17
 million or so youth sent to the countryside during the 1960s and 1970s had
 already been able to return to China's cities.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R1022X5P05280W23 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:1:p:3-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Baoming 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baoming 
Title: Individual Businesses and Their Challenge to Conventional Concepts 
Abstract:
 To the uninitiated, the world of individual business is a strange and
 novel one, fraught with complexities. Yet it is precisely this newly
 emerging force that has sent a shock wave through society, forcing us to
 think, and think deeply.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 93-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X452618H0262577U 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Shengping 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shengping 
Title: What One Can Learn from the Fact that the Three Song Brothers and Their Business Made Headlines Four Times in Changde City 
Abstract:
 The three Song brothers of Changde, who are joint owners of an individual
 business, made headlines four times from April last year to October this
 year. Their names are Song Hansheng, Song Yongsheng, and Song Lisheng.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-19 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=10367V3X42L52288 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:16-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mo Zhen 
Author-X-Name-First: Mo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhen 
Title: Tighten Control over Big Labor-Hiring Households in Rural Areas 
Abstract:
 With the rise of family industry, labor hiring emerged in the rural areas
 and big labor-hiring households have come into existence. A so-called big
 labor-hiring household is one that possesses private capital, owns the
 means of production, has fairly large fixed assets and investment, hires a
 large number of laborers, and creates big output value and earnings from a
 rather high degree of exploitation. These households generally hire more
 than ten people, with fixed assets exceeding 30,000 yuan and creating an
 output value above 100,000 yuan annually. Their emergence has aroused
 great concern. For this reason, we investigated some of these households.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 90-99 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2K863627G312614X 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:90-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Zhensheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhensheng 
Author-Name: Feng Ai 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ai 
Author-Name: Wang Yulu 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yulu 
Title: Why Can a Large City Like Qinhuangdao Not Accommodate a Small Individual Venture? 
Abstract:
 Hebei Daily >b>editor's note:>/b> Peasants going into the cities to go
 into business or the service professions is an inevitable trend that will
 bring prosperity to town and country and eventually solve the problem of
 feeding and clothing China's 800 million peasants. Allowing them to do so
 is a major policy decision of the party's Central Committee. At present,
 all localities, from municipalities directly administered by the central
 government down to counties and small towns, have opened their doors to
 this practice and are creating the necessary conditions for it.
 Qinhuangdao seems to be the only exception. As large as it is, it cannot
 even tolerate a peasant who sells meat dumplings. The city may truly be
 described as an iron-walled city with an impenetrable defense.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-33 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3150304820532896 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Yan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan 
Title: Contract Disputes by Individually Owned Small Businesses 
Abstract:
 Recently, a task force formed by the People's Court of Leling county, with
 the help of county agencies in charge of business administration,
 taxation, health, and epidemic prevention, conducted a preliminary survey
 of contract disputes among individually owned small businesses across the
 county. By carrying out investigations and studies, the task force
 publicized knowledge of the rule of law, enhanced the administration of
 justice, and helped the small businesses rectify and reform themselves.
 The results of their work are as follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 115-119 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=35H2763T52064025 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:115-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Chunwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunwen 
Title: Some Questions that Need to Be Solved in Developing Individual Businesses 
Abstract:
 Individual economy is auxiliary to socialist public economy and a
 necessary supplement to it. At present, when China's production level is
 comparatively low, appropriate development of urban individual business
 constitutes an important policy beneficial both to the country and to the
 people. It will exert a positive influence upon invigoration of the
 economy, livening up the market, providing employment, consolidating and
 developing a political situation marked by stability and unity, and
 fulfilling the needs of society in production and livelihood. From what I
 know, however, there exist some obstructions to its development, as well
 as some questions that urgently need to be studied and solved.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-40 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4034XQ28KJ6J7925 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The 25 selections translated here range chronologically from June 1980 to
 January 1987 and cover a wide variety of issues, encompassing conditions
 in both urban and rural settings. The sources used are also diverse,
 including provincial and municipal newspapers (11 selections), an
 important official journal devoted to the administration of industry and
 commerce (8 selections), and a number of specialized academic journals. As
 in Part I, published in >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i> in Fall 1987, our
 emphasis tends toward the more contentious aspects of the private economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=421313476L228110 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:3-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Ruxi 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruxi 
Title: What Is Meant by the Fact that Piaoxiang Restaurant Was Twice Suspended? 
Abstract:
 To restore and develop suitably the individually owned businesses in
 cities and towns is an important policy of the party. In some places,
 however, this work is currently making slow progress. Some individual
 enterprises have even surrendered their licenses and suspended operation.
 Why? Recently, when we were on a reporting assignment in Rongcheng, a
 small town in Jieyang county, we found that the "leftist" influence was
 the main obstacle to restoring and developing individual business. A
 revealing case in point is the Piaoxiang (Fragrant Aroma) Restaurant,
 which was forced to suspend business twice.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-49 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5M1K218138L8L215 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:46-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yuanfu 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanfu 
Author-Name: Chen Shengfa 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shengfa 
Title: Why Aren't Individual Transport Operations Allowed Unimpeded Development? 
Abstract:
 Would individual ventures in transportation deprive state enterprises of
 their business? Experience in our county shows that not only is this not
 true, on the contrary, their presence has stimulated state transport
 departments to improve quality of service and become more courteous to
 passengers, leading to more profitable operations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-54 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=66433U081K537723 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Shenyang Xinchengzi District Finance Bureau 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Shenyang Xinchengzi District Finance Bureau 
Title: Why Did We Grant Su Yulan a 6,000-Yuan Loan? 
Abstract:
 In February this year, in accordance with directives from the district
 leadership and Su Yulan's application, we decided, after appropriate
 investigations, to grant her a farm loan of 6,000 yuan. The loan helped
 finance the building of ten pigpens, a feed fermentation facility, and a
 motor pump well for Su and her family's pig farm. The loan agreement
 specified that the sum was to be paid back within three years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-14 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7K8418R915043420 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Guoliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoliang 
Title: Growth of Individually Owned Industry Will Not Edge Out State Commerce and Supply and Marketing Cooperatives 
Abstract:
 Comments have gone round recently to the effect that private industrial
 and commercial enterprises have edged out state commerce and supply and
 marketing cooperatives, that reform has made small retailers prosperous
 and the supply and marketing cooperatives go under, and that the Bureau of
 Industry and Commerce bolsters up private enterprises and helps their
 owners to become upstarts.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-69 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G766510115518412 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:67-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Ruizhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruizhang 
Title: The Hiring of Laborers in Rural Taishan County, Guangdong: A Survey 
Abstract:
 Hiring laborers in the rural areas is something new that occurred in the
 wake of China's adoption of the policy of invigorating the domestic
 economy and opening to the outside world and the introduction of diverse
 forms of the responsibility system in the countryside. The emergence and
 development of labor hiring has aroused widespread interest and concern.
 This is a question that calls for urgent theoretical study and solution
 and for the formulation of an appropriate government policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H31X05M4L2704102 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Huifudong Elementary School, Guangzhou 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Huifudong Elementary School, Guangzhou 
Title: Study and Analysis of Children of Individual Laborers 
Abstract:
 Our school is located in downtown Guangzhou in the middle of the
 commercial district. Since the implementation of the open policy, an
 increasing number of laborers engaged in individual business operations
 have appeared. According to incomplete statistics, there are 39 children
 from such families, or 7 percent of the total student body of 554. (This
 does not include children of people working in public enterprises or other
 work units who are engaged in individual businesses part time or in
 partnership with other people.) These children are distributed in fourteen
 of our fifteen classes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HW7752137W458563 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:20-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Qinbiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qinbiao 
Title: Survey of Forty Individual Businesses 
Abstract:
 In a recent campaign to persuade individual business ventures to deposit
 their idle funds in the bank, we made a survey of the cash holdings of
 forty individual business concerns in normal operation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-27 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J354645621346145 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:25-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Qingfang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qingfang 
Title: On the Evolution and Changes of Individual Economy and Countermeasures 
Abstract:
 How individual economy remains in existence and moves forward [in our
 country] is a tortuous experience. In 1952 the absolute majority of
 China's farming population were individual peasants. And there were 8.83
 million individual [or self-employed] laborers residing in cities and
 towns. The sector of individual economy made up 72 percent of the entire
 national income. Through the socialist transformation in 1956, individual
 peasants rapidly moved onto the path of cooperativization, and
 individually owned industrial and commercial operations in urban areas
 also switched to cooperative economy. In consequence, the individual
 economic sector plunged to only 7.1 percent of the national income, and
 individual laborers in cities and towns were reduced to a measly 160,000.
 During the three years of adjustment, the ranks of individual laborers
 bounced back to over 2 million. An even more "leftist" policy was enforced
 in the period of the Cultural Revolution, which brought individual economy
 in town and country to all but extinction. By 1978 the self-employed
 laborers in cities and towns had shrunk to the skeleton size of 150,000.
 Family-operated sideline productions and free trade were almost abolished
 in the countryside, and small handicrafts such as service trades, repairs,
 and supply of sundry articles were drastically cut back.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 100-114 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J61652174521474P 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Qi 
Author-X-Name-First: Fan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi 
Title: A Reasonable Way Should Be Found to Enable Individual Businesspeople to Hire Hands and Take on Apprentices 
Abstract:
 Xinhua dispatch, Chengdu, July 5âinvestigative report: The question of
 individual businesspeople in Chengdu hiring hands and taking on
 apprentices.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-45 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LLU3387342007327 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:41-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Yong 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yong 
Title: The "Nihonglong" Passenger Bus-When Can It Run Without Hitches? 
Abstract:
 The bus moved slowly. It was raining and the road was muddy and slippery.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-52 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MWP702147Q05LW15 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Liandong 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liandong 
Title: Enthusiastically Foster Individual Transport Operations; Actively Exercise Management 
Abstract:
 >i>Hubei Daily>/i> editor's note: Discussions in this paper centering on
 the question âWhy Aren't Individual Transport Operations Allowed
 Unimpeded Development?â have received much notice from leaders and
 departments at every level; they have also been given strong support by
 readers. It has brought a major question in the reform of transportation
 into the limelight through the case studies presented and through the
 views expressed. This is conducive to the implementation of Circular no. 1
 issued by the party's Central Committee earlier this year, which asked
 that the fight against "leftist" influences be continued, and that new
 problems in the course of developing state, collective, and individual
 enterprises simultaneously be correctly handled. The discussions have
 aroused further support for peasant-operated transportation, toward the
 end that the rural economy and transport industry both become more viable.
 This article is a summary of these discussions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-58 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N26PQ6388011141K 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Pengfa 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pengfa 
Title: Changes in Private Enterprises Underline the Need to Tighten Control of Industry and Commerce in Rural Areas 
Abstract:
 Individual industry and commerce in Dingxing county, Hebei, has undergone
 a notable change since the beginning of this year. The steadily growing
 number of industrial and commercial enterprises run by individuals in the
 county has gradually decreased. By the end of April, the number of such
 enterprises had shrunk by 364, or 8 percent, compared with the end of last
 year. Except for building and repair industry, which expanded slightly,
 handicraft industry, transport, commerce, catering service, and repair
 trades all declined. Of these, catering services, transport, and
 handicraft industry were most conspicuous, dropping by 14 percent, 13
 percent, and 11 percent respectively.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-64 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1987 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P7514070417251M5 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1987:i:2:p:62-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Xin 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xin 
Title: On the Contradiction Between the Economic Growth Rate and Improvement of People's Well-Being 
Abstract:
 The decline in the growth rate of the national economy as shown in the
 statistics of the first half of 1986 has aroused the concern of
 theoreticians. Some people regard this as a danger signal and cast blame
 on the policy of macroeconomic control carried out since 1985. Others
 believe that a temporary fall is tolerable because it will lay the
 foundation for economic takeoff the ground in the future.>sup>1>/sup> This
 article is part of the debate, but the difference is that the model it
 uses completely negates the importance attached to the economic growth
 rate. It points out that when price signal are grossly distorted and the
 product mix is irrational, the economic growth rate shown in national
 statistics cannot reflect the rise of the people's actual standard of
 living, and thus a debate centering around the economic growth rate is
 meaningless. The whole argument is still within the framework of Soviet
 economic theories. The model in this article points out given China's
 present economic structure, if we want to improve people's well-being, we
 should tighten macroeconomic control over aggregate demand and,
 micro-economically, relax price controls and make use of the market
 mechanism to regulate the economic structure to a state of balance as
 rapidly as possible so as to pave the way for the genuine growth of the
 economy and improvement of the people's welfare at the same time.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-77 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=11P252M473QT6770 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:3:p:59-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dianqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dianqing 
Title: Background to a Mathematical Model of Price Reform in China 
Abstract:
 China is currently undergoing an extensive economic reform. The reform has
 provided the economists with an excellent opportunity to compare and
 analyze the centrally planned economy and the market economy in regard to
 their merits and shortcomings. Most of the analytical tools in modern
 economics stem from the market economy of the Western world to which many
 top economists have dedicated so much and on which they have developed
 valuable theories and practical experience over the past century. While
 identifying and summarizing the internal rules of the market economy,
 these economists also pointed out the shortcomings and faults of such an
 economic model. Obviously there is a big difference in the cultural
 background and social and economic structures between China and the West.
 Mechanically applying some conclusions or analysis from contemporary
 economic theory to explain what is happening in today's economy in China
 will surely lead nowhere. Economists should never overlook one fact:
 One-third of the world's population lives in the centrally planned
 economic system. China, with its population of one billion, is trying to
 discover a new way for economic reform in an attempt to break through the
 limitation of the outdated planned economic system. A new economic theory
 is needed for this new situation. We should not only evaluate the fitness
 of analytical tools of present economic theory for China's economic
 reform, but also develop and improve on them.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-91 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9281115W8M240214 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:3:p:78-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Fengbo 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fengbo 
Title: A Theoretical Study of Several Current Macroeconomic Problems 
Abstract:
 How should we judge China's present economic situation, and how should we
 approach our economy as a whole? These are the questions that have to be
 answered to make our economic policy decisions scientific. The following
 is a preliminary analysis of a number of macroeconomic problems in our
 country which have aroused considerable attention.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G352425U81230582 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:3:p:40-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Yujiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yujiang 
Author-Name: Zhang Shaojie 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaojie 
Title: Restraining the Payment Capability of China's Grass-Roots Banks 
Abstract:
 The writers have made an on-the-spot inspection of grass-roots banks of
 the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in a number of cities
 experimenting with monetary reform. On the basis of our inspection, we
 summed up the features of the current banking system in China as being
 similar to other countries with a planned economy, namely, that money is
 not a positive instrument affecting the course of reproduction but only a
 negative reflection of this course. We went a step further to draw the
 conclusion that China's grass-roots banks today are characterized by
 "large reserves, lax restrictions, and low risks." We believe that to
 ensure the success of reform of the monetary system, restraints on the
 payment capability of the grass-roots banks should be strengthened from
 the very beginning, prudently and step by step. In this connection, we put
 forward a number of proposals on matters of policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-39 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y8V3716U86722X21 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Yonggang 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yonggang 
Title: Survey and Analysis of the Sense of Employment Awareness among Young People in Chaoyang District Schools 
Abstract:
 Employment is a stage in the path of life through which every young person
 must pass. Owing to the influences of political, economic,
 cultural-educational, and family background factors, young people go
 through a process of selection with regard to the many types of different
 professions and jobs in society. We consider their understanding and
 orientations toward jobs and their general attitudes toward employment as
 these young people's employment awareness. In the wake of the healthy
 development of the social economy, there is a demand for the realization
 of an organic integration between jobs and careers, on the one hand, and
 laborers, on the other hand, throughout the whole society. Therefore, the
 young people's choice of jobs and careers has a direct connection to the
 interests of all three things: the state, the collective, and the
 individual.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-25 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=31841378550160T6 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:4:p:6-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The seven selections in this issue are all concerned with various aspects
 of China's employment system. The earliest piece, selection 3 from 1982,
 deals with the >i>dingti>/i> or "standing in" policy, in which children
 were allowed to assume jobs in the enterprises of their parents upon the
 latter's retirement. Implemented on a national scale in 1978 largely to
 deal with the burgeoning problem of youth unemployment, the policy had
 always been controversial. The selection translated here is a thorough
 discussion of the positive and negative aspects of >i>dingti>/i> at a time
 when there were many calls to terminate the practice. The study focuses on
 eight large-scale enterprises in Beijing, assessing effects both within
 the enterprise and throughout the larger society. Eventually, the
 >i>dingti>/i> system was phased out with the rise of vocational schooling
 and was generally replaced by a policy that emphasized the training of
 workers prior to employment. The detailed survey conducted by the authors
 of section 3 reveals why the opposition to >i>dingti>/i> was so strong.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=37K61109650324M1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Dawei 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dawei 
Author-Name: Wang Qiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiang 
Title: Survey Report on the "Difficulty in Recruiting Labor" in Beijing Municipality 
Abstract:
 The "difficulty in recruiting labor" syndrome refers to the situation in
 which hiring units, under the current labor-wage system, are unable to
 fulfill either quantitatively or qualitatively the annual labor recruiting
 plan transmitted to them by the state, thus giving rise to a phenomenon in
 which recruitment of labor has not met the standards of adequacy. This
 phenomenon reflects that the laborers, as individuals, are themselves not
 following the state's hiring plan, but are selecting jobs that satisfy
 them according to their own personal will and thereby realizing their own
 employment objectives. This is what is meant by the "selectivity in
 employment" problem.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-64 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=517237XU63U16M04 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Guohua 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guohua 
Title: Accomplishments in Employing Workers in Townships and Cities and the New Situation We Face 
Abstract:
 The problem of labor employment is a major problem of global dimensions.
 It is an especially pronounced problem in a country such as ours, with our
 tremendous population and our relatively poor background. However, under
 the leadership of the Central Committee and the State Council, and with
 the coordinated effort of all the localities, departments, and circles in
 society, we have achieved in the area of labor employment a tremendous
 success that has captured the attention of the entire world.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-91 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6116064V678U780M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Hongying 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongying 
Title: Composite Report on the Symposium on Problems of Contracted Youth Labor in Eight Municipalities 
Abstract:
 In late 1986, the Communist Youth League system of eight municipalities,
 namely, Dalian, Lanzhou, Taiyuan, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, Shenzhen, and
 Guangzhou, convened a symposium on the problem of contractual employment
 for youth labor at the Huangpu Shipbuilding Factory in Guangzhou. At this
 symposium, ideas were exchanged about the basic conditions in the various
 regions regarding the state of contractual labor (including workers hired
 under the labor contract system and contracted labor outside hiring
 plans). Discussions and studies were held on the topics of the ideological
 characteristics of contract-employment workers, their typical behavioral
 patterns and performance, the level of usage by the enterprises, and the
 work undertaken by the Communist Youth League, etc. Some corresponding
 policies and strategies were proposed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-100 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=65T107080P545531 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:4:p:92-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Youth Problem Study Group, Department of Philosophy, Chinese People'S University 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Youth Problem Study Group, Department of Philosophy, Chinese People'S University 
Title: The Policy of Stand-in Employment and Its Impact: A Survey of Enterprises in Beijing Municipality 
Abstract:
 The stand-in [employment] policy began to be implemented on a nationwide
 basis in 1978, and four years have now passed. What are the effects of its
 implementation? What are its advantages and disadvantages for the state's
 attempt to resolve the problem of young people waiting for employment?
 These are questions about which people in general are concerned. For this
 reason, under the guidance and with the assistance of the Youth Problem
 Research Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences and the Beijing
 Municipal Symposium on Youth Problems, we have conducted a survey of eight
 large-scale enterprises in Beijing to study the various types of issues
 that have arisen since they implemented the stand-in employment system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-44 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=CK8VLH24727J3N15 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Jianxin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianxin 
Title: Is "Life Is Difficult, Without a Source of Income" the Primary Cause for Rising Crime and Delinquency among Young People Awaiting Job Assignment? 
Abstract:
 Looking at the statistics concerning youth crime and delinquency in
 Beijing municipality over the last few years, we can see that the ratio of
 young people who are eligible for jobs and are waiting to be employed
 (>i>daiye qingnian>/i>, or DYQ) to the number of youth criminals and
 delinquents has become higher and higher. (This former group includes
 young people for whom temporary work arrangements have been made and who
 enjoy the privileges of eligibility for permanent jobs, for education, and
 for military recruitment.) In 1978, the ratio was 7.7 percent; in 1979, 12
 percent; in 1980, 19.6 percent; in 1981, 24.1 percent; in 1982, 32.2
 percent. By the end of the first half of 1983, according to the statistics
 of the public security branch bureau of the Western municipal district,
 the ratio of DYQ perpetrators to crimes committed by young people had
 already risen to 41.9 percent.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-68 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M62R31N6J7L30105 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua Ying 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ying 
Author-Name: Cao Shuzhen 
Author-X-Name-First: Cao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuzhen 
Title: Over Three Hundred People Apply for Jobs with the Hilton Hotel 
Abstract:
 (Lecturers and graduate students at the universities compete for jobs as
 service personnel. Over three hundred people have already applied for
 positions with the Hilton Hotel. Those who are hired will say a sad
 farewell to the advanced specialization in which they were engaged.)
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 1988 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U00456TQ0U165188 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:21:y:1988:i:4:p:26-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su Hsing 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsing 
Title: The Two-Way Struggle Between Socialism and Capitalism in China's Rural Areas After The Land Reform [Part II] 
Abstract:
 In 1953, Comrade Mao Tse-tung pointed out: "Concerning the rural front, if
 it is not occupied by socialism, it is bound to be occupied by
 capitalism." (>u>1>/u>) This is an inevitable conclusion to be derived on
 the basis of the law of political and economic development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-31 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8K463WP77208VT57 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T'eng Hsing-hsiang 
Author-X-Name-First: T'eng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsing-hsiang 
Title: A Tentative Discourse on Labor Accumulation 
Abstract:
 On the agricultural front, reliance on labor accumulation to alter the
 outlook of nature, change productive conditions, and develop farmland with
 stable and high yield has received the attention of and been put into
 practice by more and more people. It has also been regarded as a
 revolutionary measure in implementing the party's general line on
 socialist construction and the policy of regeneration through self-help.
 It is also the basic means whereby poverty can be transformed into wealth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H77758431T549356 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yueh Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Yueh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: On Social and Economic Investigation and Research 
Abstract:
 In the great struggle of the socialist revolution and socialist
 reconstruction, continuous study and summing up of the actual experiences
 of struggle and serious probing of socialist economic laws are very
 important tasks facing our economic workers and economic theorists.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R8537425R526G11W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Dutton 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutton 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 On August 15, 1986, >i>People's Daily>/i> published an article by the
 well-known and reform-minded philosopher Su Shaozhi. In this article Su
 dealt at length with the structural and subjective dysfunctions of Chinese
 socialism and attributed such failings to remnant "feudal
 influences.">sup>1>/sup> Su's undoubted motive in suggesting this was to
 critique the prevailing orthodoxy established barely two years earlier by
 Hu Qiaomu in his now famous text >i>Humanism and Alienation?>/i> In this
 text Hu had suggested that, at least in part, the forward movement of
 Chinese socialism had been slowed, if not altogether halted, by negative
 influences imported from Western capitalism. Su, then, in suggesting that
 China's road to socialism may have been blocked by factors internal to
 China rather than imports from Western capitalism, offered a radical
 critique of this prevailing orthodoxy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W143744187J06P67 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:1:p:3-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cao Siyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Cao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siyuan 
Title: A Proposition on How to Handle Enterprises Long in the Red 
Abstract:
 The State Council has already decided on the policy of "using tax to
 supersede profit [to be turned in to the state], independent accounting,
 and assuming sole responsibility for profits or losses" as the basic
 orientation in restructuring the economic system of state-run enterprises,
 a move that tallies with the objective law of socialist commodity
 production. Earnest implementation of the principle of allowing an
 enterprise to "assume sole responsibility for its profits or losses" will
 inevitably lead us to the question of what we should do if a few
 enterprises have long been operating at a loss. The solution, for the
 moment, is to have these enterprises closed down, suspended, or switched
 to other lines of production. It still represents an administrative
 expedience that allows the higher authorities to bail them out. This
 practice exempts business operators from any responsibility and brings
 virtually no pressure to bear on the cadres and employees of enterprises
 in the red, so that they can be prodded to improve management and
 operation. The method is even more unfeasible now that the policy of
 "assuming sole responsibility for profits or losses" is being implemented.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-15 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1X43389G7T24J281 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Xiaoqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoqiang 
Author-Name: Ji Xiaoming 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoming 
Title: Thoughts on the Model of Nonstock Enterprises 
Abstract:
 With consumption funds going out of control, people naturally turn their
 attention from the macro economy to the micro economy and set their eyes
 on the behavior of the enterprises. Transforming enterprises into
 joint-stock companies is a hypothetically logical solution to the problem
 of nonrepresentation of the long-term interests of enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-46 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3146H0043852R405 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Author-Name: Gary Zou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zou 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 The nine selections translated here cover several crucial issues in the
 debate on China's microeconomic reform in 1985-86. Regrettably, space
 considerations allow only a small portion of such material to be carried
 here. We focus on the debates on the bankruptcy law (selections 1 and 2),
 on sharing enterprises (selections 3 and 4), on the assets management
 responsibility system (selections 5 and 6), on ownership reform (selection
 7), and on entrepreneurs' advantages (selection 8). Some
 selectionsâe.g., 1, 4, and 7âare short articles published in
 newspapers, even though longer ones by the same authors on the same topics
 have appeared in academic journals. Most articles were written by the
 so-called young economists, who frequently conduct lengthy forums on
 controversial issues. Their approach to microeconomic reform has usually
 been inspired by the arguments presented at internal conferences, as can
 be seen in selections 1, 5, 7, and 8. Initial drafts of their proposals
 appear in internally circulated reports, such as selections 3,4,5, and 8.
 These are followed by longer theoretical articles published in various
 academic journals. The most controversial articles are summarized in
 widely circulated newspapers. Except for selections 2 and 9, all the
 articles here are from >i>China: Development and Reform>/i> (1984-85 and
 1986 issues), yearbooks which collect the most important articles
 published in those years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=944N781V256616U4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jiaxiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiaxiang 
Author-Name: Jin Lizuo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizuo 
Title: Sharing Enterprises: An Approach to Further Reform 
Abstract:
 As of now, measures taken for economic reform have failed to provide a
 fundamental solution to the following problems.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-37 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AJQ875JXQ211207U 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:2:p:24-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yining 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yining 
Title: Conceiving Ownership Reform in China 
Abstract:
 The centerpiece of economic restructure in China is strengthening the
 vitality of enterprises. To truly vitalize the enterprises we must solve
 the problems of interests, responsibility, incentive, and motivation.
 These problems cannot be resolved if we fail to restructure ownership.
 Obviously, ownership reform holds the key to economic restructuring.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-81 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C65303TT11752544 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:2:p:72-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Haitian 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haitian 
Author-Name: Chang Xiuze 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiuze 
Title: Contracting, Leasing, and Selling All Unprofitable Enterprises 
Abstract:
 With the deepening of urban economic restructuring, two problems have
 become increasingly significant. One is the rapid expansion of consumption
 funds. Take, for example, the city of Tianjin. In 1984 it put into
 circulation a total of 7.014 billion yuan, an increase of 27.7 percent
 over 1983. Through the sales of goods, service fees, and savings deposits
 by both urban and rural residents, a total of 6.831 billion yuan was
 withdrawn from circulation, up by 23.2 percent over the preceding year.
 The accounts show that a net of 183 million yuan was added to the currency
 circulation, the first time there has been net growth for the huge
 industrial and commercial city in close to sixteen years. Thus, its
 currency circulation on the market was up by 40 percent over 1983, far
 exceeding the 11.5 percent growth of the total industrial and agricultural
 output and 18.1 percent growth of the retail sales. Things are about the
 same for the country as a whole. In 1984, wages and bonuses disbursed via
 bank payments grew by 22.3 percent over 1983, and consumption funds for
 groups and individuals paid out of administrative and management
 expenditures also increased by 38 percent. These, too, far outpaced the
 13.6 percent growth of industrial output value and the 17.4 percent of
 retail sales in society.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 95-104 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D507025701TN734R 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua Sheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng 
Title: Restructuring the Microeconomic Base 
Abstract:
 In approaching the issue of economic restructuring, we tend to begin by
 recognizing the drawbacks of the traditional mode of economic operation.
 With the deepening of the reform, however, we come up against the
 necessity to restructure the ownership base regardless of our own
 volition.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K1556N66777G6088 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luo Zhengfeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengfeng 
Title: Reflections on the System of Assets Management Responsibility 
Abstract:
 Comrades Hua Sheng et al. proposed the assets management responsibility
 system in an attempt to identity from the perspective of proprietary
 relations an effective way to separate ownership from management in order
 to solve the soft restraints that the budget imposes on enterprises.
 Proceeding from a desire to improve the management responsibility system,
 I would like to offer some opinions in regard to where their proposal is
 inadequate.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-71 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K5J75752168072N2 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:2:p:67-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Wu Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Prerequisite Conditions to Enforcement of the Bankruptcy Law 
Abstract:
 With the deepening of the development of the planned commodity economy and
 structural reform, we are brought face to face with the problem of
 bankrupt enterprises and unemployment. Under the circumstances, it is of
 major significance for us to launch discussions on formulation of the
 Bankruptcy Law and its pilot projects. Nevertheless, are the objective
 conditions ripe for a universal enforcement of such a law under the
 current economic framework and mode of operations? What impact would it
 have on the national economy if the law were to be enforced when
 conditions have yet to become mature? In this article, we would like to
 offer some opinions in this regard.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-23 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R0413204064N1432 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:2:p:16-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zou Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Author-Name: Wang Zhigang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhigang 
Title: Interests of the Entrepreneur and Behavior of the Enterprise 
Abstract:
 The material interests of socialism comprise the interests of the state,
 the enterprises, and employees. The three are basically identical, but
 there are also partial conflicts and differences. Stressing the interests
 of the state to the neglect of those of the enterprises and employees
 takes away the latter's incentive for economic activity, thus sapping the
 vitality of the micro economy. Since economic restructuring, people have
 gradually come to know the mechanics of material interests as a driving
 force for micro-economic activities. Adjusting the distribution of
 interests among the three and investing the enterprises with more autonomy
 have become the principal channels for reforming economic institutions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-94 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1988 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V415421274H0404X 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1988:i:2:p:82-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Shangquan 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shangquan 
Author-Name: Chen Yizi 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yizi 
Author-Name: Wang Xiaoqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoqiang 
Title: Investigation of Reforms in Hungary and Yugoslavia 
Abstract:
 To provide points of reference and lessons for the design of blueprints
 for reform in 1987-88, we conducted a focused investigation of two
 countries, [Hungary and Yugoslavia, in order to study] the problems of
 friction, contradictions, and the general problematic areas that have
 emerged in the transition from an old to a new system in these two
 countries, and their trend of development and orientation in resolving
 their problems. We conducted a total of 111 discussions with the leaders
 of the reform programs in the two countries, with people in charge of the
 party and government departments affected by the reforms, with scholarly
 and academic units that have served in a consultative capacity for the
 reforms, with well-known scholars, and with representatives of
 enterprises. Out of these discussions we have been able to put together a
 summary of the discussions, a document of some 300,000 charactersâ¦.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 80-88 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=011747K1GR37G263 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:80-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lou Jiwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Lou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiwei 
Author-Name: Zhou Xiaochuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaochuan 
Title: On the Direction of Reform in the Price System 
Abstract:
 Prices have an effect upon the national economy through many channels,
 such as distribution, channeling of profits, and the effectiveness of
 consumption. At the moment, almost all the major obstacles confronted by
 our national economy are intimately related to an unreasonable price
 system. Let us briefly and broadly analyze a few of these problems, as
 follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 14-23 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=753861N100613H9L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Weiying 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiying 
Title: On the Line of Thought in Price Reform Guided Chiefly by the Notion of "Letting Go" 
Abstract:
 The old system was an integral entity. We cannot accurately explain any
 part of it without taking stock of all other parts. Nonetheless, from the
 perspective of the operation of the economic system, it is still possible
 to grasp its "nerve center," and that would be the price system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-66 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7L868Q83410504V4 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:50-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua Sheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng 
Author-Name: He Jiacheng 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiacheng 
Author-Name: Jiang Yao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao 
Author-Name: Gao Liang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang 
Author-Name: Zhang Shaojie 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaojie 
Title: On a Path Toward Price Reform with a Characteristic Peculiar to China 
Abstract:
 To speed up the reform of the entire economic system with a focus on the
 cities, we need to coordinate several sets of reforms in several areas.
 Among these, the reform of the pricing system is a natural major node of
 the reform that would have the effect of putting the economy in a
 reasonable order. This essay is an attempt to explore the question of
 finding a path toward price reform that falls in with China's national
 conditions, and we would like to suggest it for referenceâ¦.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-49 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tian Yuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan 
Title: Price Reform and the Transfer of the Property Rights System 
Abstract:
 Price reform is an important item in the reform of the Chinese economic
 system. The changes in the relations between interests brought about by
 the reform touch almost every corner of economic life. Therefore, we need
 to conduct a penetrating analysis of an entire series of problems involved
 in price reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 89-102 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G7440823120X5550 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:89-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Shenshen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shenshen 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Collected here are seven articles on the reform of the price system in
 China. Each article has been abridged or excerpted.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-13 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N4M530K448330343 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:3-13




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen Guifang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guifang 
Title: Energetically Promote the Circulation of the Means of Production and Price Reform 
Abstract:
 Starting in late May this year, we spent more than a month surveying the
 material resources market and the situation with regard to prices,
 focusing on Shijiazhuang, Wuhan, Changsha, and Guangdong. In our survey,
 we held almost a hundred discussions with people in planning commissions;
 economic commissions; strategic centers for the development of economic
 studies; consulting committees; departments of material resources,
 commodity prices, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, construction
 material, coal and coke, chemical engineering and industry, and light
 industry; banks; and industrial and commercial circles, as well as
 enterprises of raw material production and consumer enterprises. Through
 these investigations and the survey, we have attained a basic
 understanding of the evolution and current conditions with regard to the
 circulation of the means of production and prices, and we have been able
 to locate some of the causes for the problems that currently exist in
 these two areas. We are therefore able to arrive at some preliminary
 opinions regarding how to reform the existing means-of-production
 circulation system and the existing price system. Let us now report on our
 findings and our opinions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-79 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:67-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: Several Problems Concerning Prices 
Abstract:
 At about the time the Resolution on the Reform of the Economic System was
 promulgated by the Third Plenum of the Twelfth Central Committee of the
 Communist Party of China, there was a rumor making the rounds in society
 that as soon as the enterprises were restored to health the prices of
 commodities would be raised. Consequently, over a short period of time and
 in certain cities there was a buying frenzy with regard to a few
 commodities. There also were a few entrepreneurs who, after their autonomy
 had been expanded, did not attempt to increase their profits by improving
 management and business operations but attempted to reap greater profits
 by increasing the prices of their products. As a consequence, people in
 general became very concerned about whether or not commodity prices could
 remain stable, and they became afraid that the increasing of commodity
 prices would lead to a lowering of the standard of living. In several
 discussions in which I took part, many comrades have asked me to respond
 to a number of problems regarding prices. It would appear that there are
 quite a few comrades who harbor these questions, and maybe some doubts.
 Therefore, allow me to make a brief reply to these problems on the basis
 of what I must admit is my own personal understanding of the issues.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-33 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W0UHQ057886138N8 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:3:p:24-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Shouhui 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shouhui 
Author-Name: Guo Jinhua 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinhua 
Title: Workers' Evaluation of and Hopes for Trade Unions 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenum of the CCP Eleventh Central Committee, and
 especially since the Tenth Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade
 Unions, trade union organizations at all levels have earnestly carried out
 the guidelines for the trade union work in this new era. The "left"
 influence has been eliminated and the ideology guiding their work
 corrected. A great deal of work has been done on exploring new roads for
 the development of trade unions and the reform of the urban economic
 system. What are the results of this work? What problems still remain? On
 the basis of our survey of workers we have made the following analysis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-68 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Work Committee for Women Workers, All-China Federation of Trade Unions 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Work Committee for Women Workers, All-China Federation of Trade Unions 
Title: The Conditions of Women Workers 
Abstract:
 The number of women workers in the country has reached 45 million,
 accounting for 36 percent of the entire work force and representing
 approximately a seventy-five-fold increase over those employed in the
 early days of the Republic. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Liaoning,
 women workers all exceed 40 percent of the local work force. In Shanghai,
 Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang, women
 workers have exceeded two million. During the thirty-some years since the
 founding of the Republic, remarkable changes have taken place among women
 workers; they are playing a significant role in the reform movement and in
 realizing the four modernizations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-91 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:81-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The material translated here consists of selected chapters from a much
 longer study conducted in 1986 by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions
 and released for internal circulation in January 1987.>sup>1>/sup> The
 study is divided into seven sections as follows: (1) The general overview,
 pp. 3-33; (2) nine chapters analyzing the data from the questionnaires,
 pp. 37-99; (3) twenty chapters reporting on specialized topics, pp.
 109-231; (4) eight investigative reports on enterprises in selected
 provinces and municipalities, pp. 235-327; (5) representative comments
 from fifty-one workers (identified by name, sex, age, enterprise, and job)
 out of more than twenty thousand sets of individual comments collected,
 pp. 331-386; (6) nine chapters introducing the "typical experiences" of a
 variety of enterprises, pp. 389-439; and (7) two chapters on methodology
 and statistics, including the survey instrument and detailed tables
 reporting the results from the responses to the sixty-one questions,
 broken down by such socioeconomic variables as age, sex, education,
 income, political affiliation, size and nature of enterprise, and so
 forth, pp. 443-596. The key parts of the survey were excerpted in
 >i>Weidinggao>/i>, the restricted-circulation journal of the Chinese
 Academy of Social Sciences. The present translation includes all seven
 parts published by >i>Weidinggao>/i>âwhich in fact covers only seven of
 the nine chapters from section 2âplus two of the twenty specialized
 topic chapters from section 3, one on women workers and the other on
 problems in the daily lives of workers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Jianfeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Peng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianfeng 
Author-Name: Shao Daosheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Shao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daosheng 
Title: Changing Patterns in Workers' View of Life 
Abstract:
 Our country is currently in a period of tremendous transformation. How,
 then, has the contemporary workers' view of life changed? What have been
 the adjustments in people's understanding of such problems as ideals,
 credos, attitudes, interpersonal relations, and relations between the
 individual and society? What new information does this adjustment bring to
 our ideological and political work? In what ways does it propose new tasks
 and new demands for us? We were able to make a preliminary analysis of
 these problems on the basis of the survey material on the conditions of
 workers in the nation as a whole.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-43 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D386MM2787V25776 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong Fenglin 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fenglin 
Author-Name: Shao Daosheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Shao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daosheng 
Title: Workers' Assessment of Party Spirit and Interpersonal Relations 
Abstract:
 >p>The deepening of the reform program has brought about reforms in
 economic and social relations and changes in ideology and concepts. At the
 same time, it has also brought changes in relations between the party and
 the masses and in interpersonal relations. How do workers view the party,
 party spirit, and interpersonal relations? How does the party spirit
 affect workers? The analysis is as follows:>/p>>p>1. The broad masses of
 workers support the party leadership and socialism. They urgently hope
 that there can be improvement in the party spirit and in the social
 atmosphere. However, with regard to the current state of the party spirit,
 party members' exemplary role, and cadres' roles as models and leaders,
 there is dissatisfaction.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-54 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M187Q757555T7747 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hua 
Title: The Democratic Management of Enterprises and Workers' Awareness of Democracy 
Abstract:
 In the enterprises, the workers' representative congresses are the basic
 organizational form by which workers exercise their democratic rights,
 take part in the management of the enterprises, and supervise the cadres.
 What is the current state of the workers' representative congresses? What
 changes have there been in the proprietary status of the workers? What
 aspirations do workers have with regard to democratic management? What
 follows is an analysis of these problems based on the results of the
 survey.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-80 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N304512844176468 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:69-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xing Hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Xing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hua 
Title: A Few Problems that Need to Be Addressed Immediately in Workers' Daily Lives 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenum of the CCP Eleventh Central Committee, especially
 since implementation of the open policy and launching of the reform, the
 broad masses, following the growth of the national economy, have
 universally increased income and made considerable improvements in daily
 life. Nevertheless, as there has been a backlog in the construction of
 welfare facilities in the past, the workers are running into difficult
 problems that cry out for prompt solution. According to findings of the
 survey of workers' conditions, problems crop up mainly in the following
 areas.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-110 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P256U38146785R47 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          All-China Federation of Trade Unions 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: All-China Federation of Trade Unions 
Title: Condition of Workers in the Midst of Reform 
Abstract:
 >i>Weidinggao>/i> editors' note: Not long ago, the All-China Federation of
 Trade Unions conducted a nationwide survey on the subject of "The
 Condition of Workers in the Midst of Reform." On the basis of this survey,
 an analytical research report of some 700,000 words was written up.
 Starting with this issue, this publication will carry excerpts of the key
 parts of this research report. The report is divided into seven parts. We
 plan to publish these excerpts in serial form in consecutive issues of
 this publication. This issue includes excerpts from parts 1 and 2.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-7 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T2646L66N5173132 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:6-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geng Shuhai 
Author-X-Name-First: Geng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuhai 
Author-Name: Li Hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hua 
Title: Reform and Social Mentality of Workers 
Abstract:
 With the implementation of the economic system reform, the notion of
 reform has penetrated even more deeply into people's minds; its boundaries
 have become increasingly broadened, and people have become more and more
 sensitive in their responses. The changeover from an old system to a new
 one, the adjustment of relations of distribution and allocation in
 society, and the renewal of the concept of values are all inevitably
 controlled by many factors. Even if there are correct reforms, without the
 understanding and support of the workers it will still be difficult for
 reform to succeed. In this essay we propose to analyze the degree to which
 the workers understand and support the reform on the basis of the survey
 data.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-17 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T584L75150302867 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:8-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Bing 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bing 
Author-Name: Hao Chengyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chengyi 
Author-Name: Guo Jinhua 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinhua 
Title: Conditions of Workers' Material and Mental Lives and Trends in Their Development 
Abstract:
 >i>1. Increment in basic wages.>/i> According to a survey on "basic
 monthly wage income," the average worker's basic wage was 53.17 yuan per
 month in 1979; by 1985 that had increased to 69.42 yuan, representing an
 average annual increase of 2.62 yuan, or 4.37 percent. In general, every
 three years there has been an increase by one level.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-38 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T75LP1301LV24H1H 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:32-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Jinhua 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinhua 
Title: The Educational and Technical Qualities of the Contemporary Worker 
Abstract:
 The 120 million workers in our country make up the main force for reform
 and for the construction of the four modernizations. Their educational and
 technological quality not only directly affects the process of reform but
 also has a direct impact on the success or failure of the undertaking of
 the modernized construction of socialism in our country. To perceive
 clearly the educational and technological quality of today's worker, we
 have made a correlative analysis of the portions of the questionnaire on
 the conditions of workers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-31 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 1989 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T820236148471873 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:22:y:1989:i:4:p:18-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shen Yung 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yung 
Title: The Substance, Characteristics, and System of Socialist Public Finance 
Abstract:
 The function and work of socialist public finance are an important and
 integral part of socialist reconstruction. A clear understanding and
 appreciation of the nature, system, and characteristics of socialist
 public finance are a matter of importance in the development of the
 socialist revolution and socialist reconstruction. In this essay, an
 attempt is made to investigate, in a preliminary way, the problems arising
 from these areas. Should there be any incorrectness or shortcomings,
 criticism and guidance are welcomed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-27 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5L033U025QV22132 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang T'ing-tung 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: T'ing-tung 
Title: A Preliminary Study of The Problems in Drafting and Auditing A Final Budget 
Abstract:
 What is a final budget? Why is it necessary to draft and audit the
 national budget, and what is the best way to do it? These meaningful
 questions are closely connected with our public finance work in the
 future, our grasp of the objective laws of development of socialist
 reconstruction, and our generalization of experience in fiscal work. The
 purpose of this paper is therefore to make a preliminary study of these
 problems.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-49 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MM671436V3023603 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su Hsing 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsing 
Title: The Two-Way Struggle Between Socialism and Capitalism in China's Rural Areas After The Land Reform [Part III] 
Abstract:
 After the land reform, China's rural villages cannot take the capitalist
 road to develop big agricultural enterprises. They can only take the
 socialist road to build big agricultural enterprises. This is not only the
 wish of the great majority of Chinese farmers but also the demand for
 social and economic development in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-80 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1968 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W412N682885123R4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luo Xiaopeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaopeng 
Title: The Hierarchical Structure and the System of Ownership in China's Rural Enterprises 
Abstract:
 For this discussion the author has selected the counties of Wuxi, Jieshou,
 Nanhai, and Shangyao for on-the-spot investigation; these are deemed to be
 representative of several major models or types of development of
 enterprises in China's countryside. They were also chosen for the fact
 that they possess extremely vivid and outstanding regional
 characteristics. Wuxi and Nanhai are situated in relatively well-off
 regions, and Shangyao and Jieshou are located in poorer areas. I believe
 that although the hierarchical structure and rights and interests
 relationships in China's rural enterprises have epitomized the ideological
 proposition of realizing the public ownership concept, they nonetheless do
 not represent an enterprise system that is created strictly on the basis
 of a rigorous theoretical design. In fact, quite to the contrary, they are
 to a large degree the product of the continuous adaptations by the central
 leadership in response to the practical demands of economic development
 and to all sorts of other pressures, in the process of correcting some of
 the unrealistic policies of the past. This hierarchical structure and the
 ownership system were formed against the background of defending the
 system of the special privileges for the cities vis-Ã -vis the countryside
 and for industry vis-Ã -vis agriculture. The core problem of this study is
 the question of the adaptability of this organizational structure and this
 ownership system to the development of the rural economy in the various
 places in China, within which there is great internal divergence.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 89-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Shenshen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shenshen 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The problems of the system of ownership and of property rights are the two
 most difficult problems to resolve in the reform of China's economic
 system, and yet they are also the two problems that most urgently need to
 be resolved. Since 1979, when the reform process began to take place, at
 every critical moment, from the beginning of the reform through subsequent
 developments, there have been intense debates concerning the questions of
 ownership and property rights. It should also be noted, however, that each
 debate came with a different background.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Fureng 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fureng 
Title: On the Question of the Forms of Socialist Ownership in China 
Abstract:
 In this essay I do not discuss the problems regarding other types of
 ownership systems; I would like merely to propose some exploratory views
 on the question of state ownership and the "union of state (government)
 and society (commune)" form of socialist collective ownership. In view of
 the complexity of these problems, I am afraid there may be inappropriate
 perceptions or expressions in this essay, and I beg my readers'
 forgiveness in anticipation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yunqi 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yunqi 
Title: The Individualization of Ownership of State-Owned Property 
Abstract:
 Our proposal is to implement throughout the country the policy to convert
 state-owned property to individual, private ownership, and thereby
 thoroughly reform the microeconomic foundation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=98G8382822880234 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Youguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Youguang 
Author-Name: Yang Xiaokai 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaokai 
Title: Why Should China Implement the Policy of Converting Enterprises to Management by the People in One Single Leap "Across the River"? 
Abstract:
 China's economic reforms have attained considerable success in the
 countryside, and yet the reforms of the urban system have been beset by
 many difficulties. This essay attempts to analyze why the reform has been
 plunged into the dilemmas it faces, and to discuss why we believe that the
 only way to attain thorough success in the reform is to implement the
 conversion of state-run enterprises to civilian managementâthat is, to
 let them be managed by the people. We would also like to discuss
 critically some of the concerns and worries that people have about this
 conversion, and we would like to propose a specific process for this
 conversion reform. We suggest that preparations should be made for several
 years, after which we should take one leap and cross the river at once.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G04376W1W73HT181 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Shenshen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shenshen 
Title: Clarifying Property Rights Relationships Is a Necessary Premise 
Abstract:
 In contrast to a planned economic system, in a market economy, capital
 funds, material resources, and personnel are not allocated by and among
 the various administrative departments of government through
 administrative channels, but are circulated through market exchange. The
 willingness of the buyer and seller to conduct a transaction between
 themselves is entirely based on their awareness of their own interests. It
 is precisely in this that the importance of the property rights issue
 lies. Only when there is a clear set of property rights relationships can
 the various parties to a transaction know what ought to belong to them and
 what ought not to belong to them. This is a foundation for a market
 economic system. If we use this viewpoint to evaluate the realities with
 which we are living today, we would discover that the existing set of
 property rights relationships is far short of what is called for in the
 market economic system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G720U28162483000 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jiaxiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiaxiang 
Author-Name: Jin Lizuo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizuo 
Title: Establishing a Stockholding System for Enterprises 
Abstract:
 >p>To date, the measures of economic reform that have already been put
 into practice still fail to provide a fundamental solution to the
 following problems:>/p>>p>1. Using and allocating capital funds. People
 have proposed a number of views regarding the problem that the state-run
 enterprises have, without making compensation, made use of the states
 capital funds, resulting in waste of this most precious and scarce
 resource; some measures have in fact also been adopted and implemented.
 One of these measures is the system of paying a user fee for fixed assets,
 which is based on the theoretical foundation of the so-called shadow
 interest. A technical difficulty that this measure has already run into is
 the fact that the enterprises that require a high rate of capitalization
 may not necessarily be those that bring about a higher rate of
 profitability, and therefore, if implemented, there is no guarantee that
 this measure will produce good results. A further measure is that of
 shifting from allocation [of capital funds] to making loans. This
 undoubtedly has the effect of promoting the usage efficiency rate of the
 newly increased fwed assets of each individual enterprise and reducing the
 capital coefficient, but it fails to resolve a series of problems-e.g.,
 the problem of the possession and use of already existing fixed assets,
 the problem of how the states investment may flow into the most efficient
 sector of production, the problem of how, if capital funds had been
 invested in the wrong place, they can be extracted and shifted to a more
 appropriate realm of production, and the problem of how, when the states
 capital funds are low and inadequate, it is possible to satisfy the
 capitalization needs of some trades and industries that are in urgent need
 of development and growth.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Xiaoqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoqiang 
Title: Transcending the Logic of Private Ownership 
Abstract:
 There have always been two lines of thought on the interpretation of the
 "separation between the two powers." To put it simply, one argues for
 strengthening the control of the owners, and the other argues for
 weakening the same, but for letting the entrepreneurs become the main
 leading force. This author agrees with the latter viewpoint. What is
 interesting and meaningful is that although these two interpretations go
 directly opposite ways in terms of logic, they nonetheless pursue highly
 unanimous goals in terms of the practice of the reform; that is, they both
 seek to establish the autonomy of the enterprises themselves, free, or at
 least relatively free, of the government's administrative interference.
 Therefore, the difference between the two ideas is obvious and yet also
 subtle.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Xiaoqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoqiang 
Author-Name: Ji Xiaoming 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoming 
Title: Thoughts on Not Establishing a Stockholding System for Enterprises 
Abstract:
 The loss of control over consumption funds [in society] has compelled
 people, naturally, to turn their attention from macro to micro problems,
 and to the question of the enterprises' behavior. The idea of converting
 the enterprises' capitalization to a stockholding system is a logical
 assumption with regard to the desire to resolve the problem that there is
 no one representing the long-term interests of the enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-42 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YX0461U2445677N0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Mu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu 
Title: On Factors Affecting Industrial Development Growth RatesâA Discussion with Comrade Zhu Jiaming 
Abstract:
 In the past few months, the unabating high rate of industrial development
 has, in an acute fashion, presented to theoretical circles the question of
 how to view the current high growth rate. In his article published in the
 second issue of the >i>Forum of Young Economists>/i>, Comrade Zhu Jiaming
 declares that China "already has the preliminary material preconditions
 for high-speed growth," and that "since 1978, some indexes of economic
 growth have shown that the period of high-speed growth has already come."
 This author, however, holds that the problem cannot be explained by
 looking only at indexes of a few years, and that in order to determine
 whether or not China has entered a period of high-speed growth, it is
 necessary to analyze the factors that affect the rate of industrial
 development and the trend of their changes. The present article is written
 to invite comments and corrections by Comrade Zhu Jiaming and others.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-33 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=40V6XX11J127PP73 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shulian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shulian 
Title: The Speed of Industrial Development and the Reform of the Economic System 
Abstract:
 Since late last year, we have seen extremely rapid growth in industrial
 production in our country. There are different views within academic
 circles as to the connection between this rapid development and economic
 structural reform. Some comrades believe that the high speed of industrial
 development is primarily an effect of the new economic system. They say,
 "The economic reform since 1978 has brought about a transformation in the
 national economic structure. The role of the market structure has expanded
 continuously, causing a continual rationalization of the combination and
 structure of the factors of the forces of production." "The structural
 environment that produced the motive for one-sided pursuit of higher
 output value has gradually disappeared in the course of reform, [and] the
 rapid economic growth in our country in 1984 was not a product of such a
 one-sided pursuit of output value." They therefore see the current rapid
 growth as a characteristic of the new economic structure, and believe that
 "we should have no fear, but only welcome the advent of rapid economic
 growth." Some comrades also believe that only by maintaining the current
 high speed of industrial growth can we advance the economic structural
 reform; otherwise the reform enterprise will encounter difficulties. I
 believe that these opinions are open to question. Naturally, the gradual
 acceleration in the rate of growth in industrial development over the last
 few years in our country is inseparable from economic structural reform.
 Owing to the implementation of the reforms, the autonomy of enterprises
 has expanded, their vitality has increased, their enthusiasm has been
 strengthened, management has been improved, and technological
 transformation has been accelerated. All these are indeed major reasons
 for the rapid industrial development. Improvement of the external
 conditions of industrial production, such as the development of
 agriculture, energy resources, transportation, and foreign trade are also
 inseparable from the reform. The rapid development of collective industry
 is, even more so, the result of reform. Therefore, it would be absolutely
 wrong to negate or underestimate the impact of economic structural reform
 on the high speed of industrial growth. Nonetheless, can we simply say
 that the current rapid growth in industry is the result of the new
 economic structure? Can we say that the traditional economic structure
 that led to the one-sided pursuit of higher output value by enterprises is
 "no longer of any real significance?" I feel that we cannot say this,
 because, to begin with, this argument does not conform to the real
 situation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-70 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=571566853T5R5M35 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Jiaming 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiaming 
Title: On the Current Stage of China's Economic DevelopmentâA Typical Development in a Nontypical Country 
Abstract:
 Economic development in China has been unique throughout history. The
 atypical mode of China's development has long puzzled Chinese thinkers.
 Even after the establishment of the People's Republic, socialist
 construction in China has continued to be characterized by strongly unique
 features. Only fifteen years remain before the advent of the twenty-first
 century. If we can say that until now China has been an atypical country,
 can China's development still maintain its atypical path from now on into
 the future? As the author sees it, this is impossible. This is the central
 issue that this essay explores.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-21 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B42M010P8U2131J5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gary Zou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zou 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The five essays collected here address one of the central issues in
 China's economic reform of the 1980s: the relationship between the speed
 of development and the reform of the economic structure. This question
 became acute in the mid-1980s as the introduction of comprehensive urban
 reform in 1984 led to high-speed growth of industrial production in late
 1984 and early 1985, followed by a subsequent slowdown in late 1985 and
 early 1986 as "macroeconomic controls" were strengthened. How to evaluate
 the high-speed growth of the economy in late 1984 and early 1985 and how
 to assess the impact of the retrenchment measures that were implemented to
 slow economic growth became central issues among academic circles.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BH20Q750378170T4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheng Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Author-Name: Huang Tieying 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tieying 
Title: Arguing for Rapid Economic Growth 
Abstract:
 The development of our country's economy in 1984 has placed the question
 of "rapid growth" before the Chinese people. Our economy currently
 possesses a dual transitional character: (1) it is in transition from a
 natural economy to a socialized large-scale production economy; and (2) it
 is also in transition from a Stalinist model to a planned commodity
 economy. To be precise, our economy is in the process of undergoing
 drastic structural transformation. Therefore, our analysis and assessment
 of economic growth in 1984 ought to: (1) proceed from an understanding of
 the transitional character of our economic mechanism; (2) emphasize
 structural analysis over gross-quantity analysis; and (3) borrow from ways
 of thinking about developmental economics and employ a more long-range,
 historical perspective in dealing with short-term economic changes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-54 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L046V57868256872 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Microeconomic Situation Analysis Group 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Microeconomic Situation Analysis Group 
Title: Economic Growth under RetrenchmentâA Report on the Analysis of the Microeconomic Situation in the First Half of 1986 
Abstract:
 The background of this report is the economic expansion in the first half
 of last year [1985] and the retrenchment in the first half of this year
 [1986]. By comparing the behavior of enterprises under different economic
 environments, the report draws a descriptive conclusion in regard to the
 quantitative and qualitative duality that is expressed by our country's
 enterprises following the upsurge and subsequent decline of the economy.
 This report demonstrates that changes in the micromechanism of the economy
 cause fundamental changes in the nature and shape of enterprise growth,
 and thereby proposes a strategy for dealing with and ameliorating the
 impact of the decline of economic efficiency.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-88 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1989 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MM04738338825R18 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The essays translated here continue the debate over China's macroeconomic
 situation that erupted following the launching of "comprehensive urban
 reform" in 1984. In the fall of that year, following the adoption of the
 "Decision" on economic structural reform at the Third Plenary Session of
 the Twelfth Central Committee of the CPC, both economic growth and the
 money supply increased rapidly. These developments touched off debates of
 critical importance to the approach China would take toward reform in the
 coming years. The Winter 1989-90 issue of >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i>
 looked at the debate over the relative benefits and problems of the
 high-speed economic growth that occurred in late 1984 and early 1985. This
 issue focuses on the debate over the relation among money supply, economic
 growth, and economic reform that followed the adoption of tight monetary
 policies in late 1985 and early 1986.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-8 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2721438886424724 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Title: On the Establishment of a Comprehensive Financial System of Macroeconomic Coordination and Balance 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the
 Communist Party of China, the central authorities have adopted a series of
 measures to effect a comprehensive readjustment of the national economy,
 carried out the economic structural reform step by step and in a planned
 way, and implemented the policy of invigorating domestic economy and
 opening to the outside world, thereby bringing about an excellent
 situation of sustained development of the national economy. The growth
 rate of industrial and agricultural production and that of the national
 income have gone up from year to year and the living standards of the
 people have improved steadily. Under this impetus, the financial situation
 has improved from year to year since 1982, and the proportional
 relationships between agriculture and industry and between heavy and light
 industries have gradually become better coordinated. Practice shows that
 our policies for economic readjustment and economic structural reform are
 correct and constitute a powerful impetus to the development of our
 productive forces. It is true that in the second half of last year some
 problems emerged as certain matters got out of control, but after timely
 measures were taken by the Central Committee and the State Council, some
 of these problems have already been overcome and others are being
 resolved. We are fully confident that we shall fulfill the Sixth Five-Year
 Plan ahead of schedule and smoothly enter into the period of the Seventh
 Five-Year Plan, make a success of the economic reform, and straighten out
 various economic relations, thus accomplishing the task of laying down the
 foundation in the 1980s for an invigorated economy in the 1990s and
 working toward achieving the magnificent goals that have been set for the
 year 2000.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-68 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Guoqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoqing 
Author-Name: Zhang Weiying 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiying 
Title: Theoretical Questions Concerning Macroeconomic Balance and Macroeconomic Control 
Abstract:
 In 1985, confronted with the high-speed growth of industrial development
 as well as with a series of other problems of macroeconomic imbalance, the
 central task of macroeconomic control was to suppress general demand, and
 the major policy measure adopted was to tighten up credit and finance. At
 the end of last year, we made a comprehensive analysis of the economic
 situation and came to the conclusion that excessive overall retrenchment
 had led to an inadequate supply of currency and insufficient demand and
 had caused a further reduction of production. Some comrades, however, held
 opposite views, maintaining that the money market was not tight even after
 the effort to tighten it up, that the national economy remained in a state
 of low heat, and that the drastic drop in the industrial rate of
 development in the first two months of this year has been caused mainly by
 the "shortages of resources." This difference between the two perceptions
 of the situation reflects to a considerable extent the difference in the
 theories on which the perceptions of the situation were based. In this
 article we would like to sum up the analysis of the effects of the 1985
 retrenchment and discuss a few theoretical questions concerning
 macroeconomic balance and macroeconomic control.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-45 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: On Differences Concerning Macroeconomic Problems A Reply to Comrade Zhang Xuejun 
Abstract:
 In recent years there have been enthusiastic discussions among Chinese
 economists on a number of macroeconomic problems concerning the theories
 and policies of structural reform. Such discussions are very necessary for
 the development of economics as a science and for the improvement of
 economic policies. As a participant in these discussions, I myself have
 drawn much inspiration and benefit from the large number of treatises
 (including both those in agreement and those in disagreement with my
 views). For instance, on the relation between aggregate control and
 structural readjustment, I advocate structural readjustment under the
 premise of controlling aggregates,>sup>1>/sup> and disagree with the view
 that negates the policy of aggregate control. Nevertheless, I highly
 appraise the thorough analysis made by comrades who hold that view on the
 structural contradictions now facing us. Therefore, I am more than happy
 to continue to exchange views with and learn from my fellow economists in
 the future. Here, I wish only to respond to two criticisms that Comrade
 Zhang Xuejun has directed against me in his article "An Evaluation of Some
 Basic Views in China's Macroeconomic Studies" (>i>Economic Research>/i>,
 no. 8, 1987).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 91-101 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Ji 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji 
Author-Name: Zhang Junkuo 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junkuo 
Author-Name: Yue Bing 
Author-X-Name-First: Yue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bing 
Author-Name: Li Jiange 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiange 
Title: Effective Restrictions on Economic Growth 
Abstract:
 The fact that the rate of our national industrial growth has been markedly
 lower than expected since the beginning of this year has aroused universal
 concern among various circles. Because perceptions of the reasons for this
 phenomenon are different, the countermeasures that have been proposed
 differ considerably. On the one hand, in our view, the slowing down of the
 rate of industrial growth is the result of conscious control exercised
 over the "high-speed [growth]" through the adoption of various policy
 measures since last year and is therefore basically normal. Moreover, on
 the basis of the high-speed growth of last year, the 4.4 percent average
 growth rate during the first quarter of this year is by no means low and
 does not warrant too much concern. On the other hand, however, it should
 also be noted that in the process of slowing down the rate of industrial
 growth, certain factors in our economic growth and reform that restrict
 the long-term steady growth of our national economy have been revealed.
 That is what calls for our close attention and deep reflection.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 9-22 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheng Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Author-Name: Zou Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: On Money Supply in the Course of Economic Development The So-called Loss of Control over Money in 1984 
Abstract:
 The yardstick for assessing whether money supply is appropriate is not the
 size of the increase in money supply as compared with that of the
 preceding year, but the real demand of society for money. In developed
 commodity economies, almost the entire economy of society falls within the
 domain of the commodity economy, and the increase of products and services
 is equal to that of commodities. Therefore, based on the hypothesis that
 the supply and demand of money was balanced in the previous year and that
 there were no changes in prices or the velocity of money, monetarists put
 forward a principle of money supply: The increase rate of money supply
 should be identical to the growth rate of the economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-90 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Xuejun 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xuejun 
Title: An Evaluation of Some Basic Views of China's Macroeconomic Studies 
Abstract:
 Since we participants in this symposium have different academic
 backgrounds, it is natural that we hold different views on the basic
 theory and methodology of China's macroeconomic studies. >i>Jingji
 yanjiu>/i> has successively carried three monographs: "Again Discussing
 Preserving a Relaxed Environment for Economic Reform" by Comrade Wu
 Jinglian (May 1985), "Some Divergencies in Theory in the Debate on
 Macroeconomics" by Comrade Song Guoqing and others (April 1987), and "On
 the Limitations of the Analysis and Policy of the Gross Amount in China's
 Economic Theory and Practice" by Comrade Deng Yingtao and others (June
 1987). In my opinion, whether critical or appreciative of these
 monographs, no one should deny their academic value or the fact that they
 represent the highest level of the theoretical studies in China's
 macroeconomics in recent years. This symposium organized by the Editorial
 Board of >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> for a full exchange and discussion of these
 expert views will greatly help promote further progress in the theoretical
 studies in China's macroeconomics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-74 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Dixin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixin 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-8 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Selden 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Selden 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The Kailuan coal mines were among the largest and most lucrative foreign
 enterprises in late Qing and Republican China. From their founding in 1878
 through 1901, when British capital secured control of the mines, to the
 labor struggles and warlord battles of the 1920s, the depression of the
 1930s, the Japanese takeover of the mines in the late 1930s, and the
 inflation-wracked civil war that preceded the founding of the People's
 Republic, Kailuan was a crucible of strife.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 1990 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Ya-nan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ya-nan 
Title: The Marxist Population Theory and China's Population Problem 
Abstract:
 The problems concerning population theories â or the law of demographic
 development â occupy an important position in social sciences because
 they involve the entire sphere of social and economic life. What is more
 significant to the study of population theory at this time is that the
 contemporary imperialist and colonialist scholars are attempting to pave
 the way ideologically for imperialists to enslave and massacre the peoples
 in the backward regions by duping them with so-called neo-Malthusianism,
 which is a mix of all elements of reactionary sociological, economic, and
 even biological theories.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 2 
Year: 1969 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiang Huaicheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huaicheng 
Title: A Review of the Reform of the Fiscal System and Overall Projections for the Future 
Abstract:
 It is a top priority task that we make a profound reflection and serious
 review of the fiscal reform over the past ten years and, on this basis,
 select a pattern compatible with the operation and development of a
 planned commodity economyâ¦
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4RQQ4V1RQ5V862U8 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Forster 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forster 
Author-Name: On-Kit Tam 
Author-X-Name-First: On-Kit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tam 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 For historical, cultural, and ideological reasons, Chinese rulers have
 always placed great stress on unity and cohesiveness. A major concern of
 the Chinese authorities since 1949 has been to bind together the strands
 of regional interests and loyalties to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
 while, at the same time, allowing for a certain degree of local initiative
 and policy adaptation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K82R42T566182U02 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Guangdong Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangdong Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Title: Reforming the System of Fiscal Management 
Abstract:
 Since 1980, the central government has carried out, with regard to
 Guangdong Province, a fiscal contract system epitomized by the policy of
 "delineating [central and provincial] revenues and expenditures; fixed
 quotas of revenue remission; no change in five years." From 1985 on, the
 center continued to apply the method of general contracting vis a vis
 Guangdong making the province remit revenue to the state at fixed quotas
 while making certain adjustments in the quotas in accordance with the
 unified regulations regarding "drawing distinctions between different
 kinds of taxes." During the same period, the province also made certain
 corresponding reforms in the municipalities' and districts' system of
 fiscal management. This means that from 1981 on, a fiscal management of
 "delineating [provincial and lower-level] revenues and expenditures and
 contracting to different levels" had been implemented. Then, from 1985 on,
 the new system of "drawing lines of distinction between kinds of taxes,
 auditing and fixing revenue and expenditure standards [for the local
 levels], and contracting to different levels" was implemented. The
 specific contents of this new fiscal system included: (1) A special system
 in which the locality was permitted to retain all of its revenue [for
 development purposes] was implemented in the Special Economic Zones of
 Shenzhen and Zhuhai Municipalities, and in the Shantou (Swatow) Special
 Economic Zone; (2) with regard to Guangzhou Municipality, a policy of
 "fixing a base figure, with revenues remitted at a fixed quota, with the
 incremental surplus revenue shared [between] the province and the locality
 on a percentage basis." The ratios for the disposition of the portion of
 revenue over and beyond the fixed base figure would be: 40 percent to be
 remitted to the provincial treasury; 60 percent to be retained by the
 municipality; (3) with regard to five municipalities, namely, Foshan,
 Jiangmen, Shaoguan, Zhanjiang, and Maoming, a method of contracted
 incremental increases was implemented. This means that the amount of
 revenue to be submitted upward would be gradually increased, and at the
 following incremental rates: Foshan, Jiangmen, Shaoguan and Maoming (7
 percent per year) and Zhanjiang (6 percent per year); (4) a method of
 "fixed amount subsidy" was implemented with regard to Shantou (Swatow)
 municipality and to the districts of Shaoqing, Weiyang, and Meixian, and
 Hainan administrative district; (5) with regard to the Hainan autonomous
 prefecture and the three minority nationality autonomous counties in
 "Yuebei" (Northern Guangdong), a method of "fixed amount subsidy" with a
 10 percent annual increase was implemented. In addition to the above, a
 similar policy of fixed amount subsidy with an annual increment of 5
 percent was implemented for a number of other hard-hit counties where
 revenues did not match expenditures.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-23 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Zeren 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeren 
Author-Name: Chen Yaxiong 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaxiong 
Author-Name: Jiang Yingliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingliang 
Title: The Affairs of Guizhou Province 
Abstract:
 1. A weak economic foundation and a single source of income is the first
 major characteristic of the fiscal affairs of Guizhou Province. The vast
 majority of provincial fiscal revenues comes from industrial and
 commercial tax revenues. In the past thirty-five years, the proportion of
 industrial and commercial tax revenue contributed to, on average, 79.4
 percent of the [annual] local fiscal revenue. In 1984, industrial and
 commercial tax revenue made up 90 percent of the local fiscal revenue
 throughout the province, and, moreover, the tax revenue from cured tobacco
 and cigarettes made up a large portion of the industrial and commercial
 tax revenues. In 1984, tax revenue from the "two smokes" made up 41.7
 percent of the industrial and commercial tax revenue of the entire
 province. Therefore, the pace of development of the "two smokes" in
 reality basically determines the rate of growth of the province's
 budgetary revenue. However, the "two smokes" are commodities whose
 production is controlled and restricted by the state. As soon as there is
 a shift in the supply or demand in the marketplace, it would become
 exceedingly difficult to assure budgetary revenue. Therefore, to allow the
 fiscal revenues of Guizhou Province to grow and develop in a stable and
 sustained fashion, we must, while continuing to develop and give play to
 the advantageous position occupied by the "two smokes," also open up and
 explore additional sources of wealth, as well as seek new ways to increase
 revenue.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-27 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Shandong Yearbook (1987) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Shandong Yearbook (1987) 
Title: Evolution of Shandong's Public Finance since 1949 
Abstract:
 On March 1950, the Government Administrative Council promulgated the
 "Decision on Unifying the State's Fiscal and Economic Work." Apart from
 local surcharges, all revenues and expenditures were consolidated in the
 national budget. This highly centralized fiscal management system of
 "unified revenues and outlays" transformed the long-term situation of
 overdispersed management, balanced fiscal revenues and outlays, stabilized
 market prices, guaranteed the military funds to exterminate remnant enemy
 forces, and met the need to restore key economic installations. In 1953,
 following changes to and the abolition of the organs of the Greater
 Administrative Regions, the state budgetary system changed to a three-tier
 system involving the center, provinces, municipalities, and counties.
 Local public finance was under a unified system where above-budget and
 revenues and savings were retained by the locality for it to disburse. In
 1958, fiscal power was decentralized and the fiscal management system was
 changed to one of "revenues determining outlays, fixed for five years."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-11 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1244X3157528531G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: On-Kit Tam 
Author-X-Name-First: On-Kit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tam 
Author-Name: Keith Forster 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forster 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 In our introduction to the previous issue of >i>Chinese Economic
 Studies>/i>, we discussed the background to some of the changes that the
 reform program has brought about in central-local fiscal relations. The
 identification of national unity, prosperity, stability, and independence
 with the supremacy of the central government was noted and commented on.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-9 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=178H777596223830 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Tianjin Economic Yearbook (1986) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Tianjin Economic Yearbook (1986) 
Title: Budget Management System 
Abstract:
 At the end of 1984, the State Council resolved to carry out, beginning in
 1985, with regard to municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of the
 central government, the fiscal budgetary management system characterized
 by "delineating different types of taxes, auditing and determining the
 proper levels of revenue and expenditure, and fiscal contracts at various
 levels." Fiscal revenues are to be classified into three categories: fixed
 fiscal revenue of the center, fixed fiscal revenue of the locality, and
 revenue to be shared by the center and the locality. The revenues that are
 classified as the municipality's fixed budget revenue include the
 following: income tax from collective enterprises, agricultural tax,
 personal income tax, registration fees for motor vehicles and vessels,
 municipal (city) tax on real estate property, slaughter tax, lifestock
 trading tax, collective trading tax, fees for contracts and deeds,
 state-run enterprises' bonus tax, revenues from fines and amercements due
 to late payment of taxes, other miscellaneous revenues, and the municipal
 maintenance and construction tax. Of the product tax, business operation
 tax, and value-added tax, levied on and collected from the enterprises in
 Tianjin that belong to and are affiliated with the Ministry of Petroleum
 Industry, the Ministry of Electrical Power, the Petro-Chemical Industrial
 Company and the Nonferrous Metals Company, 30 percent becomes the fixed
 revenue of the locality and 70 percent the fixed revenue of the center.
 Revenues to be shared by the center and the locality include the
 following: company tax and adjustment tax of local enterprises, production
 tax, business operation tax, and value-added tax of local enterprises
 (these three types of taxes do not include the portions submitted by the
 enterprises belonging to and affiliated with the four departments, namely,
 the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry, the Ministry of Electrical Power,
 the Petro-Chemical Industrial Company and the Nonferrous Metals Company,
 as well as by the departments of railroads, civil aviation, and
 telecommunications and postal service), natural resources usage tax,
 constructon and building tax, salt tax, revenues of enterprises contracted
 by the locality, the losses sustained by the grain and food supply
 enterprises run by the locality, supply and marketing cooperative
 enterprises, and foreign trade enterprises run by the locality, the
 industrial and commercial taxes and the income taxes of foreign-capital
 and joint-venture enterprises in the locality (this last area does not
 include the portion submitted by offshore oil drilling enterprises).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-51 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Shanxi Economic Yearbook (1986) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Shanxi Economic Yearbook (1986) 
Title: A New Fiscal Management System Established in the Course of Reform 
Abstract:
 1. Regarding the fiscal revenues of the localities, these revenues are to
 be classified into three categories: fixed fiscal revenues for the
 province; fixed fiscal revenues for the district, municipality, or
 counties; and fiscal revenue to be shared between the province and the
 districts, municipalities, and counties.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-45 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2662556RGXL876J2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Jilin Provincial Research Institute for Public Finance 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Jilin Provincial Research Institute for Public Finance 
Title: The Scale of Fiscal Revenues and Expenditures Continues to Expand 
Abstract:
 Prior to 1980, although there had been many changes in the province's
 budget system regarding the municipalities and counties under its
 jurisdiction, and although there had been variations and changes in the
 specific methods of management and in nomenclature, basically, however, it
 had consistently just been a system of budget management in which both
 revenues and expenditures were put under unified control and were fixed
 once a year. Starting in 1980, however, there has been a major reform in
 the budget system. The province began to implement, with regard to the
 municipalities and counties, a "separate kitchens" system of budget
 management in which "the revenues and expenditures of each level are
 separated and delineated, contracting is done on a level-by-level basis, a
 proportion of revenues is remitted upward (subsidies are made by fixed
 amounts), and the system is set for five years at a time." Furthermore,
 there was effort to improve and fine tune the system in the process of
 implementation, and this has mobilized the enthusiasm on the part of all
 levels of government for managing finances.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-83 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=68P37U4565304601 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Anhui Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Anhui Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Title: >i>Xiang>/i> (Township) Public Finance 
Abstract:
 In 1983, our province, starting with 20 counties and 173 townships,
 carried out a series of experimentation projects of developing rural
 public finance at the township (town) level. In 1984, the provincial
 finance bureau convened a province-wide township (town) financial work
 conference in which the documents "Certain Regulations and Stipulations
 Regarding Township (Town) Financial Management" and "Township (Town)
 General Financial Accounting System" were drafted and formulated, and
 through which a program was promoted to organize and construct rural
 township (town) financial work throughout the province. In that year,
 4,002 districts, townships, and towns (adjusted in 1986 to 3,940)
 established financial offices (or groups), and, by the end of 1985, 11,832
 rural financial cadres were either recruited or transferred from other
 units. By 1986, even the majority of district community organizations had
 established a basic level (level 1) financial apparatus; this makes up 75
 percent of the total number of districts in the province.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-40 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HG3020P823M4524G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Henan Provincial Yearbook (1986) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Henan Provincial Yearbook (1986) 
Title: Implementing a New Fiscal Management System (Excerpts) 
Abstract:
 A fiscal management system is a system that delineates the relative
 responsibilities and authorities, in the area of fiscal administration,
 between the various levels of government and between the state and
 enterprises and government units, and affirms the scope of their
 respective revenues and expenditures. Since the founding of New China, in
 accordance with the party's policy and guidelines at various stages and
 periods and the conditions of the development of the national economy, as
 well as in the spirit of the State Council's stipulations regarding fiscal
 management systems, the provinces fiscal management system vis Ã  vis the
 special districts, municipalities (cities and townships), and counties has
 undergone many reforms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-73 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M53QGT21522N1P7N 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1990:i:2:p:69-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Hebei Economic Statistics Yearbook 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Hebei Economic Statistics Yearbook 
Title: Fiscal Statistics of Hebei Province 
Abstract:
 >p>According to a table on page 392 of the >i>Hebei Economic Statistics
 Yearbook>/i> (1985), which is labeled "Rate of Growth of the Primary
 Indicators of the National Economy," under item 4 of the table, the
 following statistical data is displayed:>/p>>p>1. Fiscal revenue for 1984
 represented 110.5 percent of that of 1983; 101.6 percent of that of 1978;
 315.9 percent of that of 1965; 584.6 percent of that of 1957; and 880.9
 percent of that of 1952.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-17 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P3604209KK4815K2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Xiaoping 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoping 
Author-Name: Wang Zhengxi 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengxi 
Title: The Developing Public Finance in Jiangsu 
Abstract:
 Since the founding of the People's Republic, Jiangsu's public finance has
 taken its stand on reform and served society. It has attained heartening
 progress.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 90-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P3878U2777X1204U 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1990:i:2:p:90-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:          Tianjin Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Author-X-Name-First:          
Author-X-Name-Last: Tianjin Economic Yearbook (1987) 
Title: Establishing a Sound Township (Town) Fiscal System 
Abstract:
 In 1984, the Municipality of Tianjin began to conduct township-level
 fiscal experimentation, using Ninghe County as the first for
 experimentation. In April 1985, the Ministry of Finance promulgated the
 "Methods of Township Fiscal Experimentation" under the aegis of the no. 55
 document of the 1985 Budget Papers. Then, on the basis of the stipulations
 announced in the two aforementioned documents and the experience of the
 experimentation carried out in Ninghe County, the municipal Bureau of
 Finance and the Tianjin branch of the Chinese Agricultural Bank jointly
 drafted, under the aegis of the no. 54 document of the 1985 Budget Papers,
 the "Detailed Regulations for the Implementation of Township Fiscal
 Management in Tianjin Municipality," which was promulgated in December
 1985 and which stipulated that experimental implementation should begin on
 January 1, 1986. At the same time, the document entitled "The General
 Accounting System for Township Fiscal Management in Tianjin Municipality"
 was formulated. This was distributed to every suburban county in 1986 for
 their implementation. By the end of the year, basic-level budgetary
 systems had been generally and universally established in the various
 townships affiliated with and under the jurisdiction of Ninghe County,
 Jixian County, the Western Suburbs district, the Northern Suburbs
 district, the Eastern Suburbs district, the Hangu district and the Dagang
 district, and the system for districts and counties to administer the
 fiscal budget management system of the townships and towns had been
 clearly stipulated and instituted. Meanwhile, some of the townships in the
 Southern Suburbs district also established a primary-level budgetary
 management system, and a township-level fiscal management system is
 scheduled to be established in January 1987 in Wuqing County, Baodi
 County, and Jinghai County, and in Tanggu district.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 52-54 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1990 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T1347102847P2X77 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1990:i:2:p:52-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shmuel Z. Yahalom 
Author-X-Name-First: Shmuel Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahalom 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 After being awarded a Fulbright grant to teach economics in the American
 Studies Center of Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai,
 People's Republic of China, I wondered what additional activities I should
 undertake. "China in transition" is a heaven to explore because of the
 enormity of China's population, the magnitude of change that was
 undertaken by the authorities, and the unique nature of the population.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9016316KX1V46315 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:3-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Xiangliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiangliang 
Author-Name: Liu Lan 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan 
Title: The Effects and Problems of Government Price Policies on Agricultural Products after 1978 
Abstract:
 After thirty years of following a system of state monopoly for purchasing
 and marketing agricultural products, China began to readjust its
 agricultural policy in 1978 by raising the prices of many products and
 encouraging free markets. How did this affect the national economy? What
 results did it bring to the farmers? Did it succeed or fail? What problems
 did it cause? What is the future of the government price policy on
 agricultural products?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 35-51 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B24M8P4140728665 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:35-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shmuel Z. Yahalom 
Author-X-Name-First: Shmuel Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahalom 
Title: The Dual Currency System in China: Cost and Benefit 
Abstract:
 The People's Republic of China has a dual local currency system. The
 common currency for the Chinese is the >i>renminbi>/i> (RMB). Foreigners
 are expected to use the Foreign Exchange Certificate (FEC). The FECs were
 introduced on April 1, 1980.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-81 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C48VU59812MXK7V8 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:72-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Ling 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling 
Title: Economic Reform and Money Supply 
Abstract:
 Since 1979, China has been undergoing price reforms. Up to 1987, the price
 reforms can be divided into two periods: The first period, 1979-84,
 concentrated on price adjustments, and the second period, 1984-87, dealt
 with price development or the enlargement of the price differential. These
 reforms speeded up the growth and development of the Chinese economy and
 the people gained experience from it. On the other hand, the reforms
 fueled the rise of prices. This article provides some ideas on how to
 solve the inflation problem related to the control of the money supply.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-34 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J677J143773N567L 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:26-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Jihong 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jihong 
Title: The Intellectuals' Contribution and Rewards in the Development of the National Economy 
Abstract:
 >p>In contemporary society, the momentum of development is largely based
 on the level of the scientific and technological revolution. The main
 contributor to this revolution forms a special group: the intellectuals.
 In the process of China's modernization reform, the importance of science
 and technology is crucial. Therefore, one of the key predictions is the
 incentives and originality in the contribution of China's intellectuals in
 this current reform. Beginning in the early 1980s, the concept of economic
 returns was introduced into the upcoming, more competitive society in
 China, and people of all social ranks became more aware of the monetary
 returns they received. What about the Chinese intellectuals' contribution
 to the national economy and their economic returns? This is the main
 question that this article will explore. In this regard, consider the
 following:>/p>>p>1. In the report on ten major targets that the government
 should achieve in the next five years, Premier Li Peng listed the
 following as the number two target: "To accelerate the development and
 reform of science, technology, and education, it should be guaranteed that
 the economic construction depends on scientific development while the
 quality of employees is being enhanced.">sup>1>/sup>>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-101 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L654Q4P452733W51 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:82-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Junhua 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junhua 
Title: Economic Reform: Price Readjustment (1978-87) 
Abstract:
 The People's Republic of China for thirty years maintained a state
 monopoly in the purchasing and selling of farm products, largely because
 of chronic shortages. Great changes, however, have taken place since the
 adoption of the economic reform policy in 1978. While the benefits brought
 about by the reform have won loud applause from one segment of society,
 drastic shifts in price readjustment have also drawn complaints, and in
 some cases even fire, from another portion of the population. How to
 assess the economic reform and price readjustment largely depends on the
 angle from which one views these events.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-25 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R5Q682R6VJ3656T6 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:6-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shmuel Z. Yahalom 
Author-X-Name-First: Shmuel Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahalom 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 Since 1949, the People's Republic of China has been on a roller coaster of
 economic policies. The economic failure of the Mao era encouraged a new
 attempt, identified as "economic reforms," to divorce the system from its
 economic policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RU3406G6442XK3M1 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:4-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Pengning 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pengning 
Title: Agricultural Price Reform: Problems and Suggestions 
Abstract:
 Every country has its own way of setting prices. Many socialist countries
 have adopted a planned economy, which means that they have planned prices,
 i.e., prices that are set by the government instead of by the free market
 mechanism.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 52-71 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U244138773067886 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:3:p:52-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ling Heping 
Author-X-Name-First: Ling 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heping 
Title: The Law of Value and the Price System in China 
Abstract:
 That price is determined by the law of supply and demand has long been
 taken for granted in the Western world. The theory has been working well
 in explaining the phenomenon of price. However, is it also applicable in a
 socialist country such as China? Is the Chinese economy an exception to
 this law? What is the price mechanism in the country? These answers are
 unknown even to an ordinary person living in China. In the socialist China
 for many years, the price change has slipped people's notice. What people
 heard was the propaganda slogan: "Stabilize price, guarantee supply, and
 improve people's livelihood." People were used to accepting prices as they
 were; they did not bother to look at the price mechanism which is thickly
 veiled behind the propaganda slogan and controlled by the government. The
 importance of price in an economy is beyond question. But can it function
 without a guiding theory? Or is there a theory of which we are ignorant?
 If one does exist, what is it? How does it work, and does it work well? To
 answer these questions, research on the theory and practice in price
 determination was conducted through an investigation of nonstaple food
 prices in Shanghai.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-16 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=01G0730NU2X1T580 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Past and Present Price Setting in China: The Case of Agriculture 
Abstract:
 Ever since 1979 the Chinese government has been undertaking various
 economic reforms to achieve an economic takeoff. During this whole process
 of reform, the price reform of agricultural products in particular has
 always been the center of attention, as well as the most difficult task.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-27 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0358GT0212678007 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Aiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aiming 
Title: Shortage and Coupons 
Abstract:
 Coupons are likely to appear when the supply of commodities is smaller
 than the demand. This phenomenon usually is closely related to low
 productivity and a change in consumers' tastes, that is, a change in the
 demand. When productivity is low there are extensive shortages, and the
 demand is high compared with the supply. The way to solve this imbalance
 is either to raise the price of the commodities in shortage or issue
 coupons so there is an equal distribution among consumers. With a rise in
 productivity the supply increases, and the tension between supply and
 demand is reduced. As a result, coupons gradually will disappear when the
 supply satisfies the consumers' demand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-75 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=607348XG58183617 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:69-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Title: Price Reform: Law of Value and Inflation 
Abstract:
 Soon after the riots of the Cultural Revolution, the central government
 finally realized the necessity of catching up with the rest of the world.
 Although science and technology were also included in what was desperately
 needing improvement, "capitalist" economic activities, long ignored before
 1976, declined almost totally throughout the country. The new leadership
 was in a position to choose which direction China could take so that the
 living standard could be lifted practically, not ideally.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-45 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A7435K63K48K578U 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zen Xuehui 
Author-X-Name-First: Zen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xuehui 
Author-Name: Xu Guili 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guili 
Title: A Tentative Exploration of Vegetable Prices 
Abstract:
 As China's economic reform progresses, people become more and more
 interested in vegetable prices, because this is closely related to their
 everyday lives. Observing the various kinds, qualities, and quantities of
 vegetables in people's consumption baskets, we can sometimes see what lies
 behind their purchases. For example, if prices are too high, people will
 buy fewer vegetables. On the other hand, if prices are moderate, people's
 baskets will be filled with vegetables.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-55 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B85817705H3L4650 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:46-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shmuel Z. Yahalom 
Author-X-Name-First: Shmuel Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahalom 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 Since 1949, the People's Republic of China has been on a roller coaster of
 economic policies. The economic failure of the Mao era encouraged a new
 attempt, identified as "economic reforms," to divorce the system from its
 economic policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F3756T1442K6L045 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:4-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Ning 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ning 
Title: Price Reform and the Future Model in the Special Economic Zones of China 
Abstract:
 The China National People's Congress in 1980 formally approved Special
 Economic Zones (SEZs) in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong
 Province, and in Xiamen in Fujian Province. The purposes were to attract
 more foreign investment, increase exports, and link China more closely
 with the world economy. Further, Special Economic Zones were designed as
 China's first experimental base of economic reform for the whole country
 to learn how to develop foreign economic relations and develop economic
 and technological cooperation with the outside world. By absorbing foreign
 capital and advanced technology and management, Special Economic Zones
 were expected to promote their productive forces and help enliven China's
 overall economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-92 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FJVM8184575X6426 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:76-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiang Jin 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin 
Title: The Function of the Government in Price Reform 
Abstract:
 The whole world sees that a great change has taken place in China. Since
 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese
 Communist Party held at the end of 1978, China's economy has been
 drastically reformed. China is a socialist country and its economy, as one
 of the characteristics of a socialist system, is a planned economy based
 on public ownership of the means of production. During the three decades
 from the founding of China to 1978, China's economy has experienced a
 tortuous course of development. There were smooth-sailing periods, such as
 the period of the First Five-Year Plan (1953-1957) and the economic
 readjustment period of the early 1960s; there were also setbacks, such as
 the Great Leap Forward of the late 1950s and the Cultural Revolution of
 the 1960s and 1970s.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-68 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L588272754835625 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:56-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Zhengfang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengfang 
Title: Data Collection and Economic Analysis in Contemporary China 
Abstract:
 The Economic Research Institute of the Shanghai Social Science Academy
 deals mainly with the study, research, and data collection of prices,
 costs, and profits of various goods produced in the Shanghai region. The
 research subjects or investigations (about 20-30 each year) are assigned
 by the central government in Beijing. The Economic Research Institute not
 only reports the results of its research but also submits to the
 policymaker in Beijing feasible suggestions to solve the regional economic
 problems. It has a complex task as a research institute. Each month
 (usually on the tenth of the month) the Economic Research Institute
 receives the data collected by the Shanghai Statistics Bureau, which sends
 its data before the tenth of the month directly to the central government
 by a special airplane. With the development of the computer, computerized
 data banks and data collection centers have been set up throughout the
 country. This makes the process easier and quicker than before.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-33 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q446U24516418227 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:24:y:1991:i:4:p:28-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shmuel Z. Yahalom 
Author-X-Name-First: Shmuel Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahalom 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 After being awarded a Fulbright grant to teach economics in the American
 Studies Center of Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai,
 People's Republic of China, I wondered what additional activities I should
 undertake. "China in transition" is a heaven to explore because of the
 enormity of China's population, the magnitude of change that was
 undertaken by the authorities, and the unique nature of the population.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 1991 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X54L1437842L0238 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Title: The Discussion on Chinese Economic Development Strategy 
Abstract:
 After the Thirteenth Party Congress, the Chinese academic world, while
 continuing in-depth study of issues pertinent to economic structural
 reform, also began new and more concrete discussions on what kind of an
 economic development strategy China should adopt. The choice of economic
 strategy determines the success or failure of a country's economic
 development; under the prevailing conditions of fierce world competition,
 this choice may to some extent decide a country's destiny. Therefore,
 discussions should be extensive and supporting arguments concrete, before
 a choice can be made that is both bold and forceful, and prudent and
 workable. Below, I summarize major issues under discussion to provide a
 basis for further extensive in-depth discussions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 80-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=24H581U451K53XX0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Hua 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hua 
Title: The Agricultural Issue in the "Great International Cycle"âAnalysis of Weaknesses in the Theory of the "Great International Cycle" and Ideas for Modification 
Abstract:
 >b>Editor's note:>/b> According to the author, a healthy, scientific
 development strategy should be based on the stable growth of agriculture
 and should therefore include policies to stimulate agricultural growth. He
 suggests modification of the strategy of China joining the great
 international cycle; his concept comprises two smaller international
 cycles and a large international cycle. Of the smaller cycles, the first
 would go from agriculture to rural industry to the world market and back
 to agriculture; the second would go from heavy industry to the world
 market and back to heavy industry. The great international cycle itself
 would remain unchanged. We can call this a compound international cycle.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-79 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9U4204251136V5JG 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Jian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jian 
Title: The Correct Strategy for Long-Term Economic DevelopmentâConcept of the Development Strategy of Joining the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 The general goal of the next stage of Chinese economic development is to
 go forward toward a mature industrialized society, a process that may
 continue well into the middle of the next century. To reach this goal, we
 must choose a correct development strategy, and, to do so, there must be
 in-depth understanding of the background and contradictions in that stage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-15 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DX2J2442W3L00173 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Siru 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siru 
Title: The Development Strategy of Participation in the "Great International Cycle"âDebating Some Issues with Comrade Wang Jian 
Abstract:
 Publication in the >i>Jingji ribao>/i> (Economic daily) of January 5,
 1988, of Comrade Wang Jian's article "The Correct Strategy for Long-Term
 Economic DevelopmentâConcept of the Development Strategy of Joining the
 âGreat International Cycleâ" has aroused tremendous interest in the
 nation because of the new departure of ideas it revealed. Wang attempted
 to uncover the major contradiction in China's current stage of economic
 development and then establish the appropriate development strategy,
 steps, and countermeasures to meet them. This line of analysis is
 logically inspiring. His idea of giving priority to the development of
 labor-intensive exports to earn foreign currency, with which to promote
 the upgrading of all industry, is a concrete manifestation of combining
 modern development theories with Chinese realities. However, certain
 viewpoints in the article are debatable.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G124W8V9Q2220321 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Zilin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zilin 
Author-Name: Weng Xianding 
Author-X-Name-First: Weng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xianding 
Author-Name: Guo Yahong 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahong 
Author-Name: Liu Jing 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jing 
Title: A Choice between the Strategies of the National Economy Operating an Internally or Externally Oriented CycleâQuestions on the "Great International Cycle" Theory 
Abstract:
 Confronted with the double pressure of economic structural reform and the
 shift of rural manpower, Chinese economic development is faced with a
 grave challenge in the choice of the best way to utilize the country's
 resources and select a correct development strategy. The strategic concept
 of China joining the "great international cycle," suggested recently by
 Wang Jian>sup>1>/sup> was extremely enlightening. However, after much
 thought, we found that China does not, in fact, have the comparative
 advantages to join the great international cycle. If it forces itself to
 do so, it will have to pay a price in distorting its economic structure
 and in low-quality economic development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G5N0682N3777512M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Author-Name: Gary Zou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zou 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 The theory of the "great international cycle" (>i>guoji da xunhuan>/i>)
 was worked out by two young researchers in the Economic Planning Institute
 of the State Planning Commission, Wang Jian and Pei Xiaolin. Wang Jian
 participated in the drafting of background material for the strategic
 section of Zhao Ziyang's report to the Thirteenth Party Congress, which
 helped stimulate his thinking on the subject. The idea of the great
 international cycle was first circulated internally in a Xinhua
 publication in August 1987, and a proposal drafted by Wang landed on
 Zhao's desk while the party congress was in session. A few days later,
 Zhao endorsed the idea at a central work conference, saying, "I think it
 makes sense.">sup>1>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LR1U14551501JX04 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pei Xiaolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Pei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolin 
Title: On the Dualist Development Strategy of the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 >b>Editor's note:>/b> After the commentary "Our Strategy for Coastal
 Development Is Not Synonymous with the Theory of the âGreat
 International Cycleâ" was published in this paper on March 29, 1988, we
 received many calls and letters from readers asking for further
 clarification of the two issues, especially theoretical discussion of the
 theme of the great international cycle. This author's idea of a dualist
 great international cycle seeks to explain that theory further.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-27 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=NQ45410632533513 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xia Shen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen 
Title: A Strategic Option for China: Development of an Externally Oriented EconomyâWith a Concomitant Discussion of the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 The process by which China's externally oriented development strategy was
 born and developed was powerfully pushed forward and completed by the
 theory of the "great international cycle." At present, it is precisely the
 form in which the coastal development strategy is being implemented. This
 marks a new era of China's opening to the world. Below, I would like to
 contribute some ideas on the strategic options available to China in
 developing an externally oriented economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-48 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P3212571T064U737 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao He 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Title: A Dialogue on the "Great International Cycle"âInterview with Comrades Wang Jian and Pei Xiaolin, Authors of the Theory of the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 If we were to allow the present opportunity merely to slip through our
 fingers, we would miss the turning point in China's national development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P34H583X23423074 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Teng Sheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Teng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng 
Title: Our Strategy for Coastal Development Is Not Synonymous with the Theory of the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 What is the "great international cycle?" Is it synonymous with the
 "strategy of developing the economy of the coastal areas?" This is a
 question that really needs to be clarified, because some comrades equate
 the two notions and talk about them as if they were one concept, to the
 point where normal export trade is considered part of the great
 international cycle. This is a misunderstanding.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W444R9M2028J107X 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Dakuang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dakuang 
Author-Name: Gao Liang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang 
Title: Investing Abroad to Promote Export-Supplementary Ideas on the Strategic Economic Concept of the "Great International Cycle" 
Abstract:
 The strategic economic concept of Chinese participation in the "great
 international cycle," as suggested by Comrade Wang Jian, is a farsighted
 one. However, in trying to put it into practice, we will come up against a
 number of restricting factors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=WP230W2231K4662N 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Muqiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muqiao 
Title: Remember Historical Experience; Resolutely Implement the Policy of Improving the Economic Environment and Straightening Out the Economic Order 
Abstract:
 Among our current economic difficulties, the most notable are the failure
 to curb inflation and a most irrational economic structure. Curbing
 inflation and stabilizing prices are major tasks of our current policy of
 improving the economic environment and straightening out the economic
 order.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-19 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=32524000W2M80J00 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Title: On the Relationship Between Improving the Economic Environment and Straightening Out the Economic Order, on the One Hand, and Deepening the Reform, on the Other 
Abstract:
 Improving the economic environment and straightening out the economic
 order and deepening reform are the two major tasks in Chinese economic
 work at the present time. The "Resolution on Further Improving the
 Economic Environment and Straightening Out the Economic Order and
 Deepening the Reform" adopted by the Fifth Plenum of the Thirteenth
 Central Committee analyzed the relationship between the two. It pointed
 out that "improvement and straightening out" were necessary to create
 conditions for deepening the reform, and that in implementing the former
 course, the latter needed to coordinate with it. Neither of the two are
 our aims, only means to enable the economy to develop in a sustained,
 stable, and coordinated way.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-27 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4376158161433723 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Xinghua 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xinghua 
Title: China Cannot Go in Fully for a Market Economy 
Abstract:
 In the address he made to the meeting celebrating the fortieth anniversary
 of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Comrade Jiang Zemin
 emphasized that we must "persist in integrating planned economy with
 market regulation," and that "to weaken continuously or even negate a
 planned economy in order to set up a market economyâthat is not going to
 work in China; it will surely bring chaos to our economic life and entire
 political life."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=656R2725R3820L75 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: Economic Development Faces a New Stage in Which Reform Will Promote Readjustment 
Abstract:
 1. After a year of "improvement and straightening out," the economic
 situation in the fall of 1989 can roughly be summarized as follows: The
 superficial cause of the 1988 price hikeâexpansion of real purchasing
 power as represented by >i>M>sub>o>/sub>>/i> (cash)âhas been brought
 under initial control. From this point of view, we can say that control of
 aggregate demand is achieved, hence prices are showing a tendency to drop
 and the overheated economy is cooling down rapidly. On the other hand,
 problems in the economic structure and system have basically remained
 untouched. These problems at a deeper level are urgently in need of a
 solution, otherwise further economic development would be difficult. The
 above two facts show that the work of readjustment of the national
 economyâimprovement, straightening out, and deepening the reformâhas
 entered a new stage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-40 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C73001KJV3546G4M 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Mengkui 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mengkui 
Author-Name: Lin Zhaomu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhaomu 
Title: Contradictions Faced by the Chinese Economy in the 1990s and Policies to Be Adopted 
Abstract:
 The 1990s will be a crucial period in Chinese economic and social
 development. In this decade, economic progress and system reform will be
 facing even tougher tasks than in the last decade. Needless to say, there
 are two possible outcomes: If things go right, China will be able to
 adjust its economy and reform its economic system smoothly and development
 will be sound and healthy. The Chinese economy will reach a new plane and
 realize the strategic goals set for the end of this century, and the
 country will attain a middle-income level from its present low-income
 level. If things go wrong, present socioeconomic contradictions will
 remain unresolved and the country will find itself in an economic impasse
 where progress and retreat are equally difficult. The gap between
 international economic and scientific and technological levels will widen.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M036617213M5H8KQ 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Shuqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuqing 
Title: "Improvement and Straightening Out" and Deepening Reform 
Abstract:
 "Improvement and straightening out" and deepening the reform is the
 correct economic policy formulated by the Third Plenum of the Thirteenth
 Central Committee last year in view of the prevailing political and
 economic situation. The policy has been approved by the National People's
 Congress (NPC). At the NPC session discussing Comrade Li Peng's report on
 the work of the government, there were only two dissenting votes and four
 abstentions, showing that the majority of the congress deputies supported
 this central policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-82 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M46080638X457W1V 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rong Jingben 
Author-X-Name-First: Rong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jingben 
Title: Foreword to >i>Considerations on How China Can Extricate Its Economy from a Difficult Position>/i> 
Abstract:
 1. This book is a collection of seven articles that were all published
 after the events of June 1989. At present, Chinese economic circles may be
 less animated than before the June storm, but still they are thinking.
 They are deliberating the past course of Chinese economic reform and
 considering the future course it should follow, focusing on how the
 country can extricate its economy from its present difficult position.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1991 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T6517U005GN62724 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zou Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Author-Name: Ma Jun 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun 
Title: Promoting Overall Cooperation Between Chinese Coastal Areas and the East Asian Economy 
Abstract:
 PrÃ©cis: Effective utilization of comparative advantage as a result of
 cooperation between Guangdong Province and Hong Kong has supported the
 economic prosperity of both in recent years. Other Chinese coastal
 provinces, however, are far from tapping their potentials in this respect,
 especially in cooperating with their natural trade partners. In this
 essay, the authors advance the following framework for cooperation between
 China's coast and the East Asian countries and regions: Close cooperation
 should immediately be developed between areas on China's coastline and
 neighboring East Asian industrial countries and regions. This would
 include cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, the
 Southern Fujian Delta and Taiwan, Liaoning and Shandong and South Korea,
 Hainan Island and the ASEAN countries, and the Yangtze River Delta and
 Japan. Once this happens, the East Asian economy will not just be the
 "four little dragons, of Asia" that have attracted attention but one large
 dragon with the capital and technology of the East Asian industrial
 countries and regions at its head and China's coastal manpower and
 resources as its body.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-83 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1JV187371J8QK2U1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Author-Name: Gary Zou 
Author-X-Name-First: Gary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zou 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 As the second of two issues of >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i> dealing
 with China's coastal development strategy, six articles reflecting
 different aspects of the problem are brought together here. The first is
 by Liu Guoguang, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
 (CASS) and an alternate member of the Central Committee. Liu has been
 involved in Special Economic Zone (SEZ) policy since at least 1985, and
 has contributed to China's coastal development strategy both in terms of
 theory and practice. He not only participated in the 1985 debate over the
 orientation of the SEZs, but the following year led a team that drafted
 the strategy for opening and developing Hainan Island.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E47K651X72412114 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Title: Several Problems Concerning the Development Strategy of China's Special Economic Zones 
Abstract:
 1. Beginning 1979, China established the four special economic zones of
 Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, and Xiamen, arousing the attention and concern
 of people at home and abroad. The pros and cons involving these SEZs have
 remained a controversial topic for the past few years. Economists in China
 and abroad have been particularly interested in the prospects and future
 of these zones. In my view, in order to make an appropriate evaluation of
 the SEZs work to date and their future prospects, we must first make a
 rough analysis of their nature, strategic goals, and strategic development
 stages.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-21 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F1K44347746M6066 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Chongwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chongwei 
Title: Some Questions That Need to Be Addressed in Implementing Coastal Development Strategy 
Abstract:
 The center and the State Council have already discussed and approved the
 development strategy for China's coastal areas as proposed by Comrade Zhao
 Ziyang. Below are my personal views concerning major issues that need to
 be addressed in implementing this strategy, which I put forth for public
 discussion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-35 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=PG78740551060744 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Yifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yifu 
Title: On the Development Strategy of an Externally Oriented Economy 
Abstract:
 The concept of an externally oriented economy came up last year during
 preliminary discussions on the orientation of development of the four
 special economic zones, including Shenzhen, but the idea that the coastal
 areas should develop externally oriented economies as their development
 strategy is even more recent than that. Implementation of this strategy
 means a major "switching of tracks" for the Chinese economy necessitating
 reallocation of resources and adjustments in economic deployment, the
 purpose of which is to put China onto the world economic orbit. It is,
 therefore, a matter of far-reaching significance to the country's economic
 development now and in the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-66 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q17G342820648G07 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Jian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jian 
Title: Accelerate the Development of an Externally Oriented Economy to Transform China's Industrial Structure 
Abstract:
 It was in August last year that the >i>Internal Reference News>/i> issued
 by the New China News Agency published my concept of the strategy of the
 great international cycle; now, in the short period since then, this
 concept has become the new strategy for development of the coastal areas.
 I had not expected this.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-42 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y80737M878705611 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Wenhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenhong 
Title: Thoughts Regarding an Externally Oriented Economy in the Pearl River Delta 
Abstract:
 In China, the criterion for an externally oriented economy is generally
 based on the proportion and volume of commodities exported to earn foreign
 exchange [>i>chukou chuanghui>/i>â"export to earn foreign exchange"âis
 a set Chinese term and sometimes means merely "export." In this article,
 it is translated as "export" unless the exchange aspect is
 emphasized.âTrans.]. In industry, the criterion is the proportion of
 industrial export, chiefly the value of such export, in total industrial
 output value. This may be a clear and simple way of delineation, but it
 really leaves many questions unanswered.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-52 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YX2M204K78482J15 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Author-Name: Dai Yuanchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanchen 
Title: Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 The six papers presented in this issue of >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i>
 were selected by Dai Yuanchen, a senior economist at the Institute of
 Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. All were published in 1990
 in various Chinese journals, at a time when discussion of reform and its
 problems was more constrained than at any time since the early 1980s. In
 the post-Tiananmen climate, while proposals calling for radical changes in
 the economic system were no longer published, some scholarly debates
 nonetheless continued. Among these was the old saw of decentralization and
 local control. Prompted by the introduction of fiscal contracting between
 the central and provincial governments in 1988, many economists wrote of
 the erosion of central control and the rise of "localism" in what they saw
 as a dangerous trend toward excessive or inappropriate decentralization.
 One of the most provocative articles on this theme (and included here as
 the lead article) was written jointly by Shen Liren and Dai Yuanchen, who
 called it the "formation of âdukedomâ economies" (>i>zhuhou
 jingji>/i>). Another popular theme in Chinese economic journals at that
 time was the difficulty of combining the allocation mechanisms of planning
 and market and discussions of the appropriate division of labor between
 the two systems within one economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2745Q2W675114888 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shen Liren 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liren 
Author-Name: Dai Yuanchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanchen 
Title: Formation of "Dukedom Economies" and Their Causes and Defects 
Abstract:
 China is a country with extensive territory and a huge population where
 regional economic development is uneven. As such, it is impossible for a
 central government to manage the whole country economically. Economic
 management must be done at different levels, under unified leadership.
 "Unified leadership and multilevel management," however, can only be
 implemented through concrete systems whereby powers held by the central
 government and those delegated to local governments are clearly defined.
 With clear-cut and appropriate division of power the two can work in
 concert, utilizing the advantages of centralization and dispersion and
 avoiding the defects of overcentralization and overdispersion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-24 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2M3N530282172453 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Wenchang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenchang 
Author-Name: Meng Yanyan 
Author-X-Name-First: Meng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanyan 
Title: Hainan Economic Development: Distribution of Benefits and Economic Efficiency 
Abstract:
 There is no doubt that Hainan, a relatively independent economic region,
 has unified interests as a region. The unitary principle that guides
 Hainan's economic development objectively requires overall regional
 interests to be taken into account in planning and plan implementation. It
 calls for unified arrangements and staggered development so that areas
 with sound foundations where quick results are possible can get priority.
 This unitary policy faces the problem, however, of whether benefits are
 evenly distributed. The more uneven the overall benefit structure, the
 less stable the foundations for a unitary policy. Although the region
 currently enjoys the status of a Special Economic Zone, because of the
 wide disparities in income distribution and the lack of a relatively
 balanced overall structure, the wish for unitary development objectively
 comes up against pluralistic options advanced by different interest
 groups. If the price of unification is violation of the interests of one
 party or another, then the whole process will be jeopardized.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-90 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C1Q68MG4NP25T671 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dai Yuanchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanchen 
Title: Can Plan and Market Coexist in a Socialist Economy? 
Abstract:
 The reform of the socialist economic system, viewed from the perspective
 of economic mechanisms, must be market-oriented reform. The past several
 decades in China have proven that trying to encompass all economic
 activities within a single plan designed to manage and control everything,
 will only end in failure. With such planning, the range and variety of
 commodities supplied by the market are reduced to a minimum. Thus,
 although people feel differently about the market, as long as they admit
 that the socialist economic system must be reformed, the contents of
 reform always move more or less toward the market, and attempt to
 accommodate both the plan and the market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-78 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C70242G203N32100 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lou Jiwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Lou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiwei 
Title: On Division of Economic Power Between Central and Local Levels 
Abstract:
 In economics, economic mechanism is synonymous with economic system. The
 crux is how resources are allocated and how income is distributed. The
 current so-called deep-level contradiction is precisely the inner
 contradiction of these two elements. Superficially, they are manifested as
 troublesome problems of the economic system. First, who holds
 decision-making power? Second, where does national income go? Central
 decision-making power is often eroded by lower levels; as the saying goes:
 "The central levels make decisions; the lower levels make
 counterdecisions." Local levels feel a lot of central interference;
 enterprises feel a lot of administrative interference from both the
 central and local governments, including different kinds of levies. Every
 level feels a lack of power. Who, then, really holds decision-making
 power? The proportion of budget revenues in national income has dropped
 every year. Both the central and local fiscal departments are feeling a
 crunch, but still expenses borne by enterprises and undertakings are
 increasing. Employee incomes are increasing, but statistics show that the
 real annual increase has been only 3 percent, lower than the GNP increase.
 Every income-receiving department and level feels a shortage of funds.
 Where, then, has the national income gone? To whom has it been
 distributed?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-34 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J53784407284U218 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Nan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nan 
Title: Solution to Dual Pricing of Means of Production 
Abstract:
 Dual pricing (>i>shuangguizhi>/i>â"dual-track pricing") of means of
 production has existed in China for a long time, but as an official system
 it has been implemented only for the past five years. During these five
 years, its scope has rapidly expanded. Prices of almost all means of
 production and services are now on "dual tracks." The reasons for the rise
 of this system and possible solutions to it have become central topics of
 discussion in theoretical and applied economic circles. I would like to
 present my views.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 35-47 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K873587X5125P267 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tang Fengyiet Al. 
Author-X-Name-First: Tang Fengyiet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Al. 
Title: Property Rights: Rationalizing the Crux of Reform and Development 
Abstract:
 Discussion on the issue of property rights has been relatively muted in
 the past year. The reason is a specious misgiving in people's minds that
 any talk on the subject is tantamount to advocating privatization or an
 infringement on state ownership. So comrades try to avoid it in talking
 about reform and development. But the objective fact is that the issue of
 property rights is unavoidable in implementing reform and development. The
 situation and problems confronting China today highlight the issue as one
 that urgently needs solution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-59 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 1992 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U391X78743907052 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Minshan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minshan 
Author-Name: Wen Lie Liu Heng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen Lie Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heng 
Author-Name: Jing Guiliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guiliang 
Title: Causal Factors of Losses in Industrial Enterprises Doing Independent Accounting, and Suggested Countermeasures 
Abstract:
 In the past two years, increasingly heavy losses have been reported by
 industrial enterprises. The reasons are more complicated than ever.
 Limiting these losses to a minimum is essential to improving economic
 results and bettering China's financial situation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5165670386L412H1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Qun 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qun 
Author-Name: Lian Zhiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Lian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhiming 
Author-Name: Wang Dongjiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dongjiang 
Author-Name: Liu Wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wen 
Author-Name: Lu Guorong 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guorong 
Title: Analysis of Losses Incurred by State-Owned Industrial Enterprises Included in the State Budget, and Proposed Countermeasures 
Abstract:
 From 1979 to 1986, state-owned industrial enterprises realized a total of
 852.5 billion yuan in profits and taxes at an average annual progressive
 increase rate of 6.8 percent. This amount equalled the sum of profits and
 taxes realized in the previous twenty-six years. Their contributions
 constituted 80 percent of national financial revenue and played a major
 role in the development of the national economy. On the other hand, it
 should also be pointed out that state-owned industrial enterprises have
 always sustained relatively big losses. This problem has become more
 serious in the past two years and is now a major impediment to the
 improvement of industrial economic results in the country. To reverse this
 situation as quickly as possible and create more favorable conditions for
 deepening reform, it is necessary to make an overall analysis of these
 losses and arrive at some solutions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-87 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=53581T547T606452 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 After having decreased in the early 1980s, losses by Chinese industrial
 enterprises began to go up in 1985, reaching 4.05 billion yuan, an
 increase of 18.3 percent over 1984. In 1986, losses increased another 78.7
 percent to 7.42 billion yuan, and in 1987 they increased another 16.9
 percent to reach 8.47 billion yuan. These losses not only marked the most
 serious increase in enterprise losses since 1982, when enterprises had
 racked up 5.58 billion yuan in losses, but their pattern did not follow
 the pattern of past debt peaks. Previously, debt peaks had been associated
 with the slow downs that occurred periodically in China's industrial
 growth rate as authorities adopted tight monetary and credit policies to
 cool off an overheated economy. This pattern held in 1986, as the
 industrial growth rate slowed from 18 percent to 9.2 percent. In 1987,
 however, the industrial growth rate climbed back to 14 percent, but
 enterprise losses continued to climb. This suggested a more complex and
 serious problem than encountered in the past.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C53226866U672N1T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ge Fu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fu 
Author-Name: Dai Biqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Biqing 
Author-Name: Xiao Ruxi 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruxi 
Author-Name: Zhang Jiwu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiwu 
Author-Name: Ming Shaoqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Ming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaoqing 
Title: Deficits at Coal Mines Subject to Unified Distribution and the Policy to Reverse Losses 
Abstract:
 Coal is China's primary energy source. Among major countries in the world,
 coal makes up less than 35 percent of energy consumed whereas in this
 country, the percentage is over 70. Coal is not only a major fuel for all
 branches of the economy as well as the home, but also a major industrial
 raw material.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B634T46U606477W7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Xiulan 
Author-X-Name-First: Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiulan 
Author-Name: Wu Wenhui 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenhui 
Title: Investigation of Losses in Industrial Enterprises in Liaoning Province 
Abstract:
 Liaoning is an area where heavy industry is relatively concentrated,
 making up 69 percent of the provincial industrial total, while its light
 industry only makes up 31 percent. In the province's economic development,
 however, enterprise losses are a conspicuous problem. In June 1987, we
 investigated losses in some enterprises in a few industries, focusing on
 operational losses suffered by industrial enterprises included in the
 state budget. On the basis of this investigation and study, we present
 below some views and suggestions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-96 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D31P537085725270 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miao Qipei 
Author-X-Name-First: Miao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qipei 
Author-Name: Xu Guanglu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guanglu 
Author-Name: Zhuang Xiongchuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiongchuan 
Author-Name: Xu Chunhua 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunhua 
Title: Investigative Report on Losses Sustained by Enterprises Under the Former Ministry of Arms Industry 
Abstract:
 In the three decades since Liberation, China's arms industry has had great
 development. It now has a relatively complete conventional arms
 manufacturing system of some scale, which is an important part of China's
 national defense.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-77 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L87G241648W40317 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Yuxin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuxin 
Title: An Analysis of Losses in Beijing Industrial Enterprises 
Abstract:
 Since 1986, both the number of deficit enterprises and the amount of their
 losses have been on the rise in Beijing. This has been the object of much
 concern. After investigating the situation, I have the following findings
 and views on the subject.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-87 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LJV2265767369519 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> continues the translation of
 important sections of an internal study on enterprise
 deficitsâ>i>Investigation and Research on Deficits in Industrial
 Enterprises>/i> (>i>Gongye qiye kuisun diaocha yanjiu>/i>)âthat was
 published in 1989. Whereas the previous issue of >i>The Chinese
 Economy>/i> presented three summary reports on the extent and causes of
 deficits in China's industrial enterprises, the current issue selects five
 important case studies that depict the situation facing some major
 industries and localities. The first three selections translated here are
 studies of enterprise losses in industries that have faced some of the
 most serious and persistent deficits in China: the coal, machine-building,
 and arms industries. The other two selections examine the deficit
 situation in the nation's capital, Beijing, and in the province of
 Liaoning, the site of much of China's aging heavy industrial plants.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T6L3167452933658 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Guangdi 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangdi 
Author-Name: Li Fei 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fei 
Author-Name: Wan Jiali 
Author-X-Name-First: Wan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiali 
Title: Analysis of Machine-Building Enterprise Deficits and Study of Measures to Reverse Losses 
Abstract:
 The machine-building industry equips all sectors of the national economy
 and occupies an important place in socialist construction. Its output and
 realized profit and taxes make up about one-fourth of the national
 industrial totals. In 1986, there were a total of 102,500 machinery
 enterprises doing independent accounting in the country. Total output was
 229.6 billion yuan. Employees numbered 19.09 million. The original value
 of fixed assets was 172.7 billion yuan, and realized profits reached 37.27
 billion yuan. In addition, there were 72,000 village-run machinery plants
 or workshops with 18.7 billion yuan's output employing 2.5 million people.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-62 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1992 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U36710T01371074J 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Guoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoguang 
Title: Comments at a Symposium to Discuss the Planned Economy as Primary and the Market Economy as Supplementary 
Abstract:
 Recently Comrade Chen Yun has repeatedly raised the important question of
 maintaining the planned economy as primary. Socialism should stress the
 planned economy at all times. Long ago Marx and Engels explained from a
 theoretical perspective that socialism is bound to implement a planned
 economy, that is, to implement conscious regulation of the economy on the
 basis of public ownership and within the whole society. In recent years,
 in order to enliven the economy, we have adopted reform measures with
 respect to the microeconomy. However, in the macroeconomy our work in
 planned management has not caught up. Consequently, although we have made
 progress in the economic arena, we have also come up against a few
 problems. They include, for example, the short supply of vegetables in
 urban areas, the vying of cash crops with grain production for more land,
 the willingness to work only when the benefits are great, etc. Therefore,
 we must stress a socialist planned economy in both our theory and
 practice.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 100-104 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2G82746571513V86 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Renzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renzhi 
Author-Name: Gui Shiyong 
Author-X-Name-First: Gui 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiyong 
Title: Uphold and Improve the Mandatory Planning System 
Abstract:
 The focal point of recent debates on economic structural reform has been
 whether or not to have mandatory planning and whether or not it can be
 abolished in a socialist planned economy. This question involves the
 understanding of the basic economic system of socialism and its
 characteristics (>i>tezheng>/i>) and is related to the orientation to be
 followed in Chinese economic structural reform. A clear answer can only be
 obtained when we explore it by integrating theory with practice.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-99 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2V4165607324U60V 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Theoretical discussions on economic structural reform in the Dengist
 period can probably be dated from Hu Qiaomu's important speech to the
 State Council, "Act in Accordance with Economic Laws," in July 1978.
 Following that speech, it became legitimate to explore the "economic
 laws," and the concurrently unfolding discussion of practice as the sole
 criterion of truth emboldened China's economists to probe areas that were
 formerly considered forbidden. The Economics Institute of the Chinese
 Acadamy of Social Sciences revived the institution of biweekly seminars
 that it had held prior to the Cultural Revolution, and discussions in
 these seminars was apparently unprecedently wide-ranging and bold. In
 April 1979, a major theoretical conference was held in Wuxi, Jiangsu
 Province, to discuss the relationship between the plan and market and the
 law of value. The major thrust of these discussions was that enterprises
 should be given greater decisionmaking authority, that the market should
 play a greater regulatory role, and that the law of value should be
 respected. Although these general conclusions apparently received the
 support of senior economic policymaker Chen Yun, the logic behind many of
 the proposals put forward was sharply at odds with Chen's approach to
 economics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6556231708P37517 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deng Liqun 
Author-X-Name-First: Deng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liqun 
Title: On the Correct Handling of the Relationship Between the Planned Economy and Market Regulation 
Abstract:
 The establishment of public ownership made it possible for humankind to
 control its own economic relations and carry on economic activity
 consciously according to a unified plan of society. However, the level of
 productive forces and the ownership system at the present stage in our
 country only permits putting the major part of production and circulation
 under the state plan; the whole of production and circulation cannot be
 encompassed by the state plan.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-47 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=80HJ1252U0XX6382 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: You Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: You 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Planned Production Is Primary, Free Production Supplementary 
Abstract:
 In 1956 when our socialist transformation of private ownership of the
 means of production had just been completed fundamentally, Comrade Chen
 Yun put forth the following views to improve our production planning:
 "While the major part of industrial and agricultural products in the
 country should be produced in accordance with the plan, there should, at
 the same time, be a part that is freely produced in accordance with market
 changes and within the confines of the state plan. Planned production is
 primary, and free production, in accordance with market changes and within
 the confines of the state plan, supplements planned production." Earnestly
 studying this idea of Comrade Chen Yun's has great meaning as we explore
 how to reform the planned management structure and how to view the role of
 market regulation under a planned economy. In my view, the above opinion
 is appropriate both today and for a relatively long time into the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-31 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FH397132PQ0J3118 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Yun 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yun 
Title: Strengthen and Improve Economic Planning Work 
Abstract:
 A year's planning starts in spring. Today I am going to speak about how to
 persevere in keeping the planned economy primary and market regulation
 supplementary. I've already spoken about this at the discussion meeting of
 the first secretaries of provinces, autonomous regions, and centrally
 administered municipalities. The above principle must be followed after
 the institution of production responsibility systems in agriculture. There
 must be no exceptions. For instance, city outskirts should raise
 vegetables according to plan. The state must assign hog-raising quotas.
 Tobacco acreage must not increase; grain acreage must not decrease. The
 people's living standards should be raised, but the country has only so
 much money so there must be a plan as to how much [to spend] here, how
 much there. The people's living standards need to improve, and can be
 improved, but how much improvement is necessary requires careful
 consideration. I am still saying what I said: Looking at the overall
 situation, first, people must eat; second, there must be construction. We
 cannot eat and use up everything, or the country will have no future.
 After eating, there must be enough left over to engage in production
 construction. Only by so doing is there hope for the country. Under all
 circumstances we must adhere to this principle.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-14 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Yun 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yun 
Title: Some Major Policy Directives on Economic Construction 
Abstract:
 I. Agricultural economy is an important part of the national economy. In
 agricultural economy, too, the planned economy must be primary and market
 economy supplementary.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-11 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N88L660773780036 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gong Shiqi 
Author-X-Name-First: Gong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiqi 
Author-Name: Xu Yi 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi 
Title: Upholding the Planned Economy as Primary and Market Regulation as Supplementary 
Abstract:
 It is a consistent thinking of Comrade Chen Yun's that in China's
 socialist economy, the planned economy is primary and market regulation
 supplementary. In the early period after the founding of the People's
 Republic, he advanced the idea that planned production should play a major
 role and free production a minor role (>i>da jihua xiao ziyou>/i>). In
 1956 when the socialist transformation of the ownership of means of
 production was basically completed in China, he reiterated that planned
 production should play a primary role in industrial and agricultural
 production while free production according to market changes and within
 the scope permitted by the state plan should supplement planned
 production; the state market should be the primary entity of a unified
 socialist market, but there should also be a subordinate free market under
 the leadership of the state and within a given scope to supplement the
 state market. This was how Comrade Chen Yun summed up the relationship
 between the planned economy and market regulation given the situation at
 the time. At the same time, it was a far-sighted conception that continues
 to have guiding meaning for us today. During the past year or more,
 Comrade Chen Yun has repeatedly emphasized, with purpose, the importance
 of the planned economy. In his talk with comrades of the State Planning
 Commission during the Spring Festival this year, he said: Our country
 implements a planned economy. Industry must take the planned economy as
 primary, and agriculture, even after the implementation of the
 responsibility system, must still take the planned economy as primary.
 Even more should planning be strengthened in our enterprises. In short,
 correctly understanding and handling the relationship between the planned
 economy and market regulation is a fundamental question in socialist
 economic theory, as well as the crux of economic structural reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-78 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Weizhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weizhong 
Title: An Unshakable Basic CriterionâMy Understanding of the Principle of the Planned Economy Is Primary and Market Regulation Supplementary 
Abstract:
 Our party long ago advanced the idea that, in a socialist economy, the
 planned economy should be primary and market regulation supplementary.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-63 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q7308RH267115073 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zhenzhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenzhong 
Title: On Planning and the Market 
Abstract:
 The question of planning and the market has become a major topic of
 concern to economists in China and the world. The current wide-ranging
 discussion on this topic in China was triggered by the symposium on the
 law of value held in Wuxi in April 1979. In the past two years, people
 have expressed many new ideas and views on the relationship between
 planning and the market. The discussion has benefited both the theoretical
 and practical aspects of the question. Below, I will briefly summarize two
 major controversial issues over the past two years.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-40 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> translates a number of articles
 that were published together in >i>Zhongguo jingji tizhi gaige tansuo>/i>
 (Explorations in China's economic structural reform), which was edited by
 Lin Ling and published by Chong jng Publishing House in 1986. Lin wrote
 these articles over a two-year period, from 1979 to 1981, to explicate and
 defend the early experiments in enterprise reform that were carried out in
 Sichuan Province under Zhao Ziyang's leadership. Just as Anhui Province,
 under Wan Li's leadership, led the way in rural reform, Sichuan Province
 was the first to undertake systematic experiments in enterprise reform.
 These articles thus reflect the thinking that underlay those first
 experiments.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew H. Wedeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wedeman 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 In the late 1980s, regional or local protectionism (>i>difang
 baohuzhuyi>/i>) became an increasing problem in China. During the period
 from 1987 to 1989, a series of interregional resource wars (>i>ziyuan
 dazhan>/i>) erupted wherein raw material-producing regions banned or
 blocked exports of scarce commodities. Threatened with the loss of
 necessary inputs, manufacturing regions responded by launching attacks
 against raw material producers' "defenses," leading to "chaos"
 (>i>luan>/i>) and "tangled warfare" (>i>hunzhan>/i>). Over the years,
 local governments fought resource wars over commodities ranging from key
 industrial inputs (cotton, silk, tobacco, wool, tea, and ramie), to basic
 foodstuffs (hogs, eggs, and grain), to local specialty crops (cassia,
 anise, bluish dogbane, pine rosin, mint oil, and jellyfish).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jianqi 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianqi 
Title: On the "Block Economy" 
Abstract:
 The State Council's 1980 decision to implement a fiscal system based on
 "dividing revenues and expenditures" among different levels in which each
 level "assumes financial responsibility for its own level" [lit., "setting
 up separate financial households (>i>fenzao chifan>/i>)] has become the
 foundation for all reform measures relating to planning, investment,
 materials, distribution, and enterprises. The system has concentrated
 local financial interest and ultimately transformed the economic
 management system from one primarily characterized by vertical
 (>i>tiao-tiao>/i>) divisions to one primarily characterized by territorial
 (>i>kuai-kuai>/i>) divisions, or from what might be called a "strip
 economy" to a "block economy."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 9-22 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=12425324P71338U4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Shihua 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shihua 
Title: Anatomy of Local Protectionism 
Abstract:
 China's former economic system emerged at the end of the First Five-Year
 Plan. It was a highly centralized planning system characterized by
 administrative coordination. This system not only repressed local
 enthusiasm but also contradicted the objective demand for multilevel
 management by subsuming all activity into a gargantuan system. The central
 government, incapable of coping with it, unavoidably committed policy
 mistakes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-58 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Wenyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenyi 
Title: On Local Protectionism in China's Market Development 
Abstract:
 This article addresses three issues: (1) why local protectionism was a
 policy abandoned by capitalist countries in their process of
 industrialization; (2) analysis of the long-term existence of local
 protectionism in China's market development; and (3) the harm done by
 local protectionism and suggested countermeasures.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-77 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3G7V783H2H268785 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Youpeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Youpeng 
Title: Current Regional Blockades and Suggested Solutions 
Abstract:
 At the beginning of this year, central authorities adopted a series of
 microeconomic measures to invigorate markets and quickly resolve the many
 problems arising from a soft market. In the meantime, local governments
 have also adopted measures to protect local industry and reinforce
 purchases and sales of local products. The latter led to regional
 blockades, which have caught on throughout the country.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-50 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Lianggang 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lianggang 
Title: On the "Wars" over the Purchase of Farm and Subsidiary Products 
Abstract:
 Why are "wars" breaking out over the purchase of farm and subsidiary
 products? What are the causal factors and consequences? How can we prevent
 and stop them?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-93 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Ziduo 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziduo 
Title: Causes of Trade Wars over Farm Products, Their Harmful Effects, and Suggested Solutions 
Abstract:
 Trade wars have erupted in many places in recent years over the purchase
 of farm products and continue in full strength. The major battlefields
 have been provinces and regions that are chief producers of farm products
 and are economically relatively backward. This article dissects the
 situation in one province, Anhui, in order to give insight into the
 problems involved.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 95-104 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L84366577J654486 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Zhengyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengyi 
Title: In-Depth Exploration of the Question of Regional Blockades 
Abstract:
 After a decade of reform, China has laid the initial foundations for a
 unified national market. With the tilting toward a "dual-directional
 division" (>i>shuangxiang fenquan>/i>) of administrative power, however,
 the abnormal phenomena of increasingly strong local power, fragmented
 markets, and regional blockades have appeared. The primary market
 structures, distribution channels, and organization have all become more
 complicated and order has been disrupted. Since 1990, in particular, many
 regions, in an effort to invigorate their own markets, have used economic
 and administrative means to practice local protectionism, reinforce
 regional blockades and market divisions, and obstruct the lateral flow of
 production factors. As a result, interregional conflicts have escalated
 and trade barriers have risen throughout the nation. All this has
 seriously affected macroeconomic coordination and orderly development and
 has become a major impediment to improvement of the economic environment
 and straightening out of economic order, as well as revitalization of the
 market. This article aims to make a systematic and in-depth study of the
 origins and dangers of regional blockades, and seeks to present a cure for
 this problem.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-35 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Changming 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Changming 
Title: On an Economic Policy Based on "Tilted Regions" 
Abstract:
 An important part of China's regional economic policy is the correct
 handling of relations between the coastal and interior regions. Since
 implementation of the open policy and economic reform, China has adopted a
 series of preferential policies in regard to the coast, especially
 provinces, cities, and special economic zones (SEZs) which have been open
 to international trade. This has been called a policy of "tilting" to
 certain regions. What exactly does this policy mean? What consequence has
 it brought; past, present, and future? What issues need to be resolved?
 These questions deserve our serious attention.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-86 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chu-Yuan Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Chu-Yuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Concept and Practice of a "Greater Chinese Common Market" 
Abstract:
 Since I presented the concept of a "Greater Chinese Common Market" three
 years ago, the response has been overwhelming. Similar concepts have
 appeared under different names, such as the "Greater Chinese Economic
 Community" or the "Asian Chinese Common Market."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-12 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5N1150225N67733G 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Hongfan 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongfan 
Title: Integration of the Chinese Economy and the Concept of "Economic Sphere of Both Sides of the Straits" 
Abstract:
 Integration of the Chinese economy (>i>Zhongguo jingji yitihua>/i>) refers
 to the establishment of an integrated economy among the mainland, Taiwan,
 Hong Kong, and Macao. It would be an economy that is coordinated and
 relatively independent of each other at the same time. In form, it should
 be a loose one and its common aim should be to make China strong and
 prosperous. The potential for this is gradually growing, but the goal will
 not be easy to reach. Considering geographic, human, and material factors,
 an "economic sphere of both sides of the straits" can first be established
 between mainland's southeastern seaboard and Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao
 based on mutually complementary economic relations.>sup>1>/sup> Actually,
 this idea has already proceeded from theoretical exploration to practice.
 Once communications in trade, postal, and sea and air services between the
 two sides of the Taiwan Straits are restored, the embryo of the "sphere"
 will form.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 13-23 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 In recent years not only has the rapid economic development of the
 People's Republic of China continued to catch people's attention but the
 emergence of a so-called "Greater China" has similarly become a topic of
 wide-ranging discussion. Greater China is by no means a precise term, as
 the articles included here make evident. Among the names that have been
 suggested are: "Greater Chinese Common Market," "Economic Sphere of Both
 Sides of the Straits," "Southeastern Chinese Free Trade Zone," "Chinese
 Economic Coordination System for Common Economic Prosperity," and simply
 "Chinese Sphere." The bewildering variety of names is not just the normal
 academic penchant for coining new names but often carry different
 connotations that have different economic and sometimes political
 implications. Thus Chinese scholars on Taiwan frequently prefer names,
 such as the Chinese Common Market, that imply a coming together on an
 equal political basis, as the states of Europe did to form the Common
 Market. PRC scholars, on the other hand, shy away from names that either
 imply political equality among the parties involved or that suggest a PRC
 design to control the economies of other places, such as Singapore and
 Southeast Asia. Thus Li Poxi, director of the Development Forecast
 Division of the State Council's Development Research Center, uses the
 rather unwieldy term "Chinese Economic Coordination System for Common
 Economic Prosperity." Just as the names different scholars have used vary,
 so do the concepts that they have in mind. Professor Chu-yuan Cheng, for
 instance, seems to include Singapore in his concept of a Chinese Common
 Market for the specific purpose that any agreement that included Singapore
 would implicitly treat other political entities, such as Taiwan, as
 nation-states. In contrast, PRC scholars tend to exclude places such as
 Singapore, at least for the establishment of any sort of formal
 cooperation, for the same reason that Professor Cheng would like to see it
 included. Other scholars see a "Greater China" by whatever name as not
 only including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and southeastern China but also the
 Chinese communities of Southeast Asia.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Li Poxi 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poxi 
Title: Establishment of a Chinese Economic Coordination System for Common Economic Prosperity 
Abstract:
 In the latter half of the 1980s, three noteworthy trends appeared in world
 economic development. In the 1990s, these trends will be increasingly
 strong. They are: 1. Economic globalization. International division of
 labor is developing in depth and world cooperation is becoming ever
 closer. Economic ties between nations are growing, and globalization of
 production, management, capital and trade has appeared.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-44 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Zou Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: Chinese Economic Cooperation and Regional Industrial Policy 
Abstract:
 An oft-used criterion for distinguishing industrialized and later
 (>i>houfa>/i>) industrialized countries is the difference in time that
 different countries entered the industrialization process. The concept of
 later industrialized countries is a relative one. Apart from England, the
 first industrialized country in the world, all currently developed
 industrialized countries had at some historical stage been later
 industrialized countries. As the first industrialized nation, English
 economists first proposed the "free economy" and "free trade" policies. In
 >i>The Wealth of Nations>/i>, Adam Smith pointed out that government
 intervention in economic affairs must be limited to a minimum so that the
 "invisible hand" can spontaneously regulate the market economy. In
 >i>Principles of Political Economy and Finance>/i>, David Ricardo
 suggested the government follow a free trade policy and let the principle
 of "comparative advantage" spontaneously regulate commodity exchange among
 countries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-86 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Xianzhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xianzhong 
Title: From "Chinese Economic Sphere" to Chinese Unification 
Abstract:
 How can China's peaceful unification be achieved? This is a historical
 issue. What to do in the face of the regionalization of the world economy
 and protectionism? This is a challenge of the times. The unification of
 the Chinese nation is inextricably bound up with the question of economic
 development. Under this double pressure, the Chinese are even more aware
 of their common identity. The concept of a "Chinese economic sphere" is an
 instinctive reflection of this awareness. It carries the double task of
 national politics and economics and forms a bridge from "economic
 cooperation" to "political unification."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-38 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fu Dongcheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Fu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dongcheng 
Title: Prospects of Hong Kong-Taiwan-Mainland Economic Unification 
Abstract:
 The "Greater Chinese Economic Sphere" embracing Taiwan, Hong Kong,
 Guangdong, and Fujian is rapidly shaping up under the prevailing domestic
 and international environment. If these regions can develop step-by-step
 toward the goal of economic unification, in its wake will arrive a
 "Chinese century" that Chinese throughout the world can be proud of.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-64 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Tianxiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Peng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tianxiang 
Title: Developing Trilateral Economic and Trade Cooperation between the Mainland, Hong Kong, and TaiwanâThe 1990s 
Abstract:
 The favorable international and national environment and conditions in the
 1980s have led to the initial formation of a triangular-shaped all-China
 economic (cooperation) sphere between the mainland and Taiwan province and
 Hong Kong. In 1990, China as a whole [that is, including Taiwan and Hong
 Kongâ ed.] had a population of 1.16 billion. Its foreign trade and
 export were, respectively, over U.S. $400 billion and $210 billion,
 surpassing Great Britain and ranking fifth in the world after Germany, the
 United States, Japan, and France. Its foreign exchange reserves amounted
 to over U.S. $140 billion, ranking first in the world. It had become the
 fourth largest economic sphere after the three Western economic centers of
 the United States, Europe, and Japan. Since entering the nineties,
 economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan straits have made
 headway toward "direct communications." This plus the fact that Hong Kong
 will be returned to China in 1997 has brought the China economic sphere
 into a stage of growth. Economic and material conditions are being
 prepared for the possible emergence in the twenty-first century of an
 all-China communityâor the third stage (the stage of maturity) of the
 all-China economic sphereâand for direct communications between the two
 sides leading to eventual unification. The nineties will be a time marked
 by optimum deployment and reorganization of production factorsâthrough
 cross-regional (lateral) movement of production factorsâand a time of
 overall, multilevel economic and technical cooperation between the
 mainland and Taiwan and Hong Kong. It will be a time when the country can
 continue the miraculous economic development of the past forty years and
 again bring about a Chinese nationality that shares common prosperity and
 is wealthy and strong. The formation and development of the China economic
 sphere will become a focus of Asian and world attention.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-54 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 26 
Year: 1993 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Lin Zili was born in Lianjiang County, Fujian Province, in 1925. He became
 involved in the revolutionary movement at a young age and, in 1945, was
 arrested by the Guomindang. Three years later, he was released and went to
 Hong Kong where he became editor of >i>Shijie zhanwang>/i> (World
 Observer), a supplement to the >i>Huashang bao>/i> (Chinese Merchant
 News). Later, he was transferred back to Beijing where he became an editor
 of >i>Xuexi>/i> (Study), the theoretical journal of the CCP Central
 Committee. In later years he would serve in the Propaganda Department, the
 State Price Commission, the Research Office of the State Council, and the
 Rural Policy Office of the CCP Secretariat.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-7 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> not only presents important
 articles on the reform of China's rural economy, but it honors one of
 China's most outstanding students of the rural sector, Gao
 Xiaomeng.>sup>1>/sup> Gao Xiaomeng died in a tragic accident on February
 19, 1993, at the early age of forty. During his short life, his vitality
 and sense of dedication were such that he was recognized throughout China,
 and indeed the world, as one of China's leading scholars on the rural
 economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Xiaomeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaomeng 
Author-Name: Zhou Qiren 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiren 
Title: Persevere in Reform, Improve Regulatory Measures 
Abstract:
 In accordance with the spirit of Premier Zhao Ziyang's address to the
 central conference on rural work, the central document no. 1 of 1986 made
 the following decision in regard to improving the contract purchase system
 of grain: To reduce the amount of contract purchases (from 158 billion
 catties in 1985 to 123 billion) and expand the proportion purchased at
 negotiated prices on the market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-27 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Xiaomeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaomeng 
Author-Name: Luo Xiaopeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Luo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaopeng 
Title: Decentralized Decision-Making and Multiple Modes in Reform 
Abstract:
 1. The current plan of "limiting purchase" (>i>xian gou>/i>) contains
 insuperable defects. It is difficult to implement because of the many
 problems involved, and its stated goals will be hard to accomplish. First
 of all, it will drastically slow down the rate of increase in peasants'
 incomes. In some areas, absolute incomes will drop (grain and cotton alone
 will reduce peasants' incomes by some 11 billion yuan), which will be
 disadvantageous to the rural and even the national economy. Second, it is
 unfavorable to the rational deployment of resources and restoration of
 balance between supply and demand. Limited purchase goals will necessarily
 be passed down to different levels, and passing goals down the levels was
 precisely at the root of the defects of the old policy on purchase of farm
 products. Third, this plan will be hard to manage, because it involves an
 enormous workload and may also breed unhealthy practices. Fourth, the plan
 is overly simplistic and would be hard to apply to the varied conditions
 in different localities. A unified plan generated at the central level
 would necessarily involve unified management and implementation. This
 unified mode limits the flexibility necessary to take into account the
 differences in economic level, need for readjustment, and capability in
 different provinces.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-17 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Xiaomeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaomeng 
Author-Name: Liu Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: Insight Gained from Beichuan 
Abstract:
 In June 1983, the Sichuan provincial party committee's work conference on
 the Pengzhou mountain region passed a resolution stating: "Peasants in
 grain-scarce production brigades in mountainous areas who wish to pay cash
 in lieu of selling the requisite quotas of grain to the state may do so,
 without reducing the state grain purchase quota in the entire province.
 Observing the principle of no gains and no losses, state grain departments
 may accept such cash funds based on the price of grain in grain-producing
 areas, with which they will be able to buy the requisite quotas."
 (Hereinafter referred to as >i>digou>/i>â"cash for quota.") What was the
 basis for this policy? How did the peasants react to it? What impact did
 it have on the economic development of mountainous areas? In early
 November, we made an investigative trip to Beichuan county, the first area
 to carry out this policy. Our findings reveal that this resolution was a
 major breakthrough in the country's grain purchase and sale policy. It has
 had and will continue to have a far-reaching and positive effect on
 economic growth in Sichuan's mountain regions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-14 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Xiaomeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaomeng 
Title: The Current Status and Reform of China's Grain Purchase and Sales System 
Abstract:
 China is currently at a stage when indirect consumption of grain is
 rapidly on the increase. Production still has a problem keeping pace with
 domestic demand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-93 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Xiaomeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Gao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaomeng 
Title: Memo on the Grain Issue (Research Report) 
Abstract:
 1. Since 1979, the pace of rural economic growth has speeded up greatly.
 From 1982 to 1984, in particular, after the breakthrough in reforming the
 rural system, farm products increased at an extraordinary rate. During the
 three years, grain output rose by 150 billion catties, an average yearly
 increase of 50 billion. This marked a fundamental turning point in a
 country that, historically, had always had a grain shortage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-62 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Fanzhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fanzhang 
Title: Situation and Configuration of the East Asian EconomyâAnd China's Economic Strategy in the Region 
Abstract:
 Since the 1980s, particularly the mid-1980s, the economies of East Asia
 have entered a period of rapid growth. In the past decade, industrial
 structural adjustment and economic and political reform have injected new
 vigor into the economies of the countries in the region, throwing them
 onto the superhighway of economic development. Not only have the "four
 Asian dragons" joined the ranks of the industrialized economies of the
 world and formed into a "new industrialized economic community" that has
 received international recognition, but the economies of most of the ASEAN
 [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] members have also taken off. The
 economic progress in the 1980s made by China, in particular, has attracted
 the world's attention. In its 1990 report, the World Bank noted that the
 annual growth of East Asian economies rose from 6.6 percent in the 1970s
 to 8.5 percent in the latter part of the 1980s, remarking that the 1980s
 was an "age of Asian economic miracles." Furthermore, East Asia has
 maintained its vigorous growth in the 1990s while the West has been
 plunged into recession. This development marks the profound changes taking
 place in the situation and configuration of the East Asian economy as well
 as in that of the entire Asia-Pacific region. It is fraught with
 significance for the future. It will no doubt be an important premise on
 which all countries, especially those of the Asia-Pacific region, will
 base their external economic development strategy in the 1990s and even
 into the twenty-first century.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-18 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Over the past decade or so there has been a profound structural change in
 the world economy as the nations of Asia have forged ahead at rates far
 exceeding those of the United States and Europe. This economic
 transformation has been led by Japan, but the "our dragons" of Taiwan,
 South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore have quickly followed in Japan's
 wake. In recent years, the so-called Asian economic miracle has spread to
 SoutheastAsia and to the People's Republic of China
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Huning 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huning 
Title: Structure of the Contradiction in Japanese-American Relations in the 1990s 
Abstract:
 >i>Precis:>/i> Japanese-American relations constitute an important part of
 the general configuration of post-cold war global relations. They conflict
 with the strategic setup of the world as well as with the strategic setup
 of the Asia-Pacific region in the world. Obvious or potential
 contradictions exist in Japanese-American relations. These are structured
 roughly at four levels: economic, military, political, and cultural.
 Current developments have increasingly driven home the realization that
 these contradictions have gone from the superficial to the in-depth level,
 exposing the two countries' differences in social structure, culture,
 values, and mindset. Superficial problems are more easily resolved than
 the deeper ones. The more superficial contradictions are manifested and
 resolved, the closer the two countries will find themselves to
 contradictions at the core.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-43 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Chuanjun 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuanjun 
Title: Impact of Sino-South Korean Diplomatic Relations on Trade and Economic Relations in Northeast Asia 
Abstract:
 Northeast Asia (NEA) had once been an extremely complicated region beset
 with interlocking political and national hostilities. Conflicts existed on
 the social, military, and ideological planes, in addition to hostility
 between South and North Korea and the NEA people's historical hatred of
 Japan. The situation was largely influenced by political relations and
 typically politically oriented. After the disintegration of the Soviet
 Union and the enormous changes that have overtaken Eastern Europe, the
 establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia and
 relaxation of tension between South and North Korea, economic and
 technological cooperation in the area has made a breakthrough; the
 previously political orientation has begun to be replaced by an economic
 orientation. Development and cooperation have increasingly become the
 mainstream. However, peace and stability have not been established, and
 realistic and potential political contradictions still largely restrict
 overall and in-depth economic and technological cooperation. The most
 obvious and important of these contradictions are the one between North
 and South Korea and the Russo-Japanese dispute over the "northern
 territories." As everyone knows, NorthâSouth Korean relation greatly
 influenced Sino-South Korean economic and technological cooperation, and
 the still-unresolved "northern territories" dispute is a major obstacle to
 development of Russo-Japanese economic and trade relations. The
 establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea can be
 said to be a major historical breatkthough in political relations in NEA.
 First, it eliminated the forty-year Sino-South Korean hostility and pushed
 overall economic and technological cooperation to a new stage. Second, it
 made the U.S. military presence in South Korea even less reasonable, thus
 weakening the basis of military confrontation in NEA and creating the
 conditions for long-term peace and stability. In addition, it greatly
 weakened North-South Korean political hostility and military
 confrontation, acting as a catalyst for peaceful unification. At the same
 time, Sino-South Korean diplomatic relations will also promote North-South
 economic exchange and cooperation, enabling northern Korea to enter the
 mainstream of economic and technological cooperation in NEA at a faster
 pace. Finally, it will act as a model and stimulus to overall resolution
 of the Russo-Japanese dispute. Although the crux of the problem in
 Russo-Japanese relations is different in nature from that between China
 and South Korea, Sino-South Korean diplomatic relations will stimulate
 greater enthusiasm by these two neighboring countries to seek a solution.
 Furthermore, although the Taiwan administration was extremely unhappy at
 these diplomatic relations, eventually, they will help to improve
 Taiwan-mainland relations and induce the Taiwan business world to engage
 more actively in economic and trade cooperation with the mainland and the
 entire NEA region. Under their influence, relations between North Korea
 and Japanese are also expected to improve, and Japan, after reassessing
 South Korea's position and role in NEA economic and technological
 cooperation, is expected to engage more actively in this cooperation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-70 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Shaoying 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaoying 
Title: Establishment of a New Economic Order in East Asia and Sino-Japanese Economic Relations 
Abstract:
 >i>Precis:>/i> Profound changes have taken place in the postwar economic
 and political situation in East Asia. The East Asian countries have
 developed structures to match [those of developed countries] and
 complementary economic relations. This and the enhancement of the idea of
 becoming an economic center in the strategies of countries concerned have
 led to regionwide economic cooperation and created favorable conditions
 for establishment of a new order in the East Asian economy. This is a new
 "horizontal order" built on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and
 common development. In the building of this new order, the major powers
 have an obligation and their contributions are important. Naturally, we
 are not talking about the "international contribution" idea based on
 big-power control, but advocating internationalism and opposing narrow
 nationalism. The crux is proper handling of economic relations between
 developed and developing countries in the course of sincere cooperation.
 Especially important is the proper handling of economic cooperation
 between China and Japan. Such cooperation represents not only cooperation
 between countries with different social systems but also common
 development between countries at different stages of development, hence
 its critical significance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-53 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Fengbin 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fengbin 
Title: Characteristics of Northeast Asian Economic Development 
Abstract:
 After years of discussion on the economy of the Northeast Asian (NEA)
 region, a consensus has been reached on many issues. However, some issues
 need more in-depth exploration, one of which is how to assess the
 situation there and how to analyze correctly the mainstream of its
 economic development. To assess the situation and analyze its mainstream
 remain our basic starting point in studying NEA.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-60 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M042077128805NG8 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Sizheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sizheng 
Title: The New Configuration of the Asia-Pacific Economy and Sino-American Economic Relations I. Position of the Asia-Pacific Region in the World Economy 
Abstract:
 Beginning in the 1990s, post-cold war global politics and economics shaped
 a new configuration. The formerly antagonistic bipolar environment was
 replaced by a multipolar one. This was concretely manifested in the fact
 that the three large economic groups of Western Europe, North America, and
 East Asia were dominating the world economy, making up two-thirds of the
 world's manufacture and trade. However, politically, the United States and
 the European Community (EC) were still playing a major role. An unexpected
 economic recession followed in the wake of the disintegration of the
 Soviet Union and the collapse of the old order in Eastern Europe.
 Long-suppressed national conflicts exploded, leading to political turmoil,
 wars, and even national dismemberment. On the international political and
 economic stage, the Soviet Union and East European bloc lost their
 influence. Disappointingly, the end of the cold war did not bring the
 stability and prosperity of the world economy that people expected, or the
 often-discussed new world order. Starting in 1990, the West went into
 recession. Along with the recessions in England, Australia, and Canada,
 the United Statesâthe locomotive of the industrialized countriesâwent
 into recession at the end of 1990, ending eight consecutive years of
 growth. In 1991, the U.S. economy contracted by 0.7 percent. Japan and
 Germany, which had always led among developed countries, also fell into
 stagnation as their growth rates fell significantly. In 1991, the rate of
 growth of developed countries was merely 1 percent, while that of the
 world economy showed a decrease of 0.3 percent. Although it is generally
 forecast that the world economy will recover in 1992, facts in the United
 States show that the recovery will not be a strong one and will be smaller
 than normal. This means that the expectations of an economic upturn in the
 West has fallen through. The stagnation of the West's economy has weakened
 its ability to provide economic aid to the former Soviet Union and Eastern
 Europe. Germany is already feeling a financial crunch in merely
 maintaining the economy in its eastern portion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-81 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shijian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shijian 
Author-Name: Wang Luun 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luun 
Title: The Chinese Economic Zone and Its Economic and Trade Relations with the United States 
Abstract:
 Since the 1980s, the world economy has been increasingly marked by
 regionalism and grouping; competition has become fiercer and the
 investment environment has worsened. Despite this environment, economic
 and trade relations among the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong have
 developed rapidly. Cooperation has strengthened, and the framework of a
 Chinese economic zone has emerged, which has greatly promoted the
 economies of all parties in the area.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-88 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q84421X736171556 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Renshu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renshu 
Title: Japan's New Economic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region and the Direction of Sino-Japanese Relations 
Abstract:
 >i>Precis:>/i> After changes in the domestic and international economic
 environment, Japan has entered a new period in which its foreign economic
 strategy is focused on the Asia-Pacific region. The major thrust of this
 strategy is to expand direct investment and trade in the region and,
 through reinforcing economic cooperation with countries there, to build a
 new economic system with Japan at its core. Needless to say, the formation
 and implementation of Japan's new strategy for the 1990s is bound to
 affect Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation and entails both
 favorable and unfavorable aspects for China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen Rui 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rui 
Title: Postscript 
Abstract:
 I was born and raised in a village located in what had once been the
 heartland of the Central Soviet. Throughoul primary and secondary school,
 I heard many stories about the history of the revolution in the soviet.
 Subsequently, I entered Jiangxi Normal University, majoring in the study
 of history and remained there after graduation to teach in the department
 of history. In the archives maintained by the department, I found a good
 deal of material from the 1950s that was related to investigations and
 visits made on a village-by-village basis with regard to the revolution in
 the Central Soviet. This is what inspired my interest in the history of
 the Central Soviet itself. In the 1980s, in my spare time from teaching
 responsibilities, I was able to read and research archives and other
 investigations and oral histories on the subject. I also returned many
 times toRuijin, Xingguo, Ningdu, and other such places to conduct my own
 on-site investigations. I discovered great discrepancies between the
 popular descriptions and narratives about the soviet produced by our
 historians and the actual historical facts. In particular, I came to many
 new understandings with regard to the "leftist"mistakes within the Chinese
 Communist Party. Consequently, I wrote and published several articles on
 the Central Soviet, most of which dealt with the subject of the land
 revolution. Finally, in 1991, based on these studies and previous
 research, I published the book, Zhongyang suqu tudi geming yanjiu (Studies
 of the Land Revolution in the Central Soviet.)
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-89 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Selden 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Selden 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 >p>Wen Rui's >i>Land Revolution in the Chinese Soviet>/i> is the finest
 study available in English, perhaps in any language, on the relationship
 between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasantry first forged in the
 furnace of land revolution and guerrilla war in the years 1927-35. Working
 closely and critically with local and regional documentation to elucidate
 the land policy debates and struggles in the Central Soviet, the author
 draws several significant and even controversial conclusions:>/p>>p>â¢
 Land confiscation and redistribution initially played a critical part in
 mobilizing broad popular support for the insurgents, yet two tendencies
 gravely weakened the movement. The first was that policies such as the
 confiscation and redistribution of all land (and not just that of
 landlords, or of landlords and rich peasants) struck fear in the hearts of
 smallholding owner cultivators, both poor and especially middle peasant
 (to use the party's categories). Second, he found that repeated
 distribution of land, sometimes twice, three times, or more within the
 space of a year or two, shredded popular support, destroyed production
 incentives, and perpetuated uncertainty among the people. Here and
 elsewhere, Wen offers valuable insights into the ongoing debates over the
 welfare of contemporary Chinese farmers and their rights to the land,
 including the question of redistribution in the name of equality, as well
 as ownership rights, particularly the purchase and sale of redistributed
 land.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 2-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Selden 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Selden 
Title: Introduction to Part II 
Abstract:
 Wen Rui's Land Revolution in the Chinese Soviet is the finest study
 available in English, perhaps in any language, on the relationship between
 the Chinese Communist Party and the peasantry first forged in the furnace
 of land revolution and guerrilla war in the years 1927-35. The author
 works closely and critically with local and regional documentation,
 elucidating the land policy debates and struggles in the Central Soviet.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 27 
Year: 1994 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JV6J6J85838R3638 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:27:y:1994:i:6:p:3-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Selden 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Selden 
Title: Introduction to Part III 
Abstract:
 Wen Rui's Land Revolution in the Chinese Soviet is the finest study
 available in English, perhaps in any language, on the relationship between
 the Chinese Communist Party and the peasantry first forged in the furnace
 of land revolution and guerrilla war in the years 1927-35. The author
 works closely and critically with local and regional documentation,
 elucidating the land policy debates and struggles in the Central Soviet.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4P215865783M0157 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Zhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhong 
Title: Seeking a Balance Between the Common People and the Elite 
Abstract:
 >p>The term >i>mincui zhuyi>/i>, translated as "populism," can be
 interpreted in either a narrow sense or in a broad sense. In terms of its
 narrower definition, the term "populism" naturally refers to, as some
 scholars put it:>/p>>p>A kind of social ideology that took shape in the
 nineteenth century in Russia. It advocated that the intelligentsia should
 go to the common people and lead the peasants in transcending the stage of
 capitalism in order to leap directly into [the stage of] socialism.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-14 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Gongqin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gongqin 
Title: Nationalism and the Ideology in China's Transitional Period 
Abstract:
 This article wishes to explore and discuss the possibility for nationalism
 to become a new intellectual and ideological resource for the formation of
 ideology in China's transitional period to modernization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-31 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E86W46674242Q424 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Title: On the One-Year Anniversary of the Market Economy 
Abstract:
 The suggestion to create a "socialist market economy" was the inevitable
 result of fifteen years of reform and opening up. It signifies that
 China's reform, opening up, and development is reaching a new stage. It
 has taken fully fifteen years of logical and historical progression for
 the socialist market economy to become the goal of the systemic reform
 undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-69 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G851119W5W1X0H82 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiang Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Planned Management of State-Owned Enterprises: Establishment of a Unified Socialist Market 
Abstract:
 The author of this article believes that the goal of reform is the
 establishment of an effective socialist commodity economy market as
 quickly as possible. However, the misguided theory of separation between
 the two powersâthe line of thought of loosening and giving up power and
 making concessions in interests and profitsâhas led to both improper and
 abnormal economic behavior.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-68 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N53850H8K43P6577 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The report that is translated in this and the next issue of >i>Chinese
 Economic Studies>/i> by Wang Shaoguang and Hu Angang has been one of the
 most influential and controversial documents written about the Chinese
 economy in recent years. Wang Shaoguang, professor of Political Science at
 Yale University, and Hu Angang, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of
 Sciences, argue strongly that the decentralization that has taken place
 over the course of the past decade and a half threatens to undermine the
 future of reform and perhaps even the state itself. Basing their work in
 part on Joel Migdal's notions about state and society, they argue that
 reform has undermined state capacity in China. They contend that the
 state's fiscal revenues, as a percentage of GNP, have declined from 31.2
 percent in 1978 to 14.7 percent in 1992, and predict that it will decline
 further, to only 11.3 percent in the year 2000. This figure would put
 China in the ranks of the least "statist" societies in the world and
 would, in the authors' opinion, weaken China's ability to mobilize
 resources for modernization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7150U55074N466V2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cheng Xiaonong 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaonong 
Title: Maintaining Stability and Deepening Reform: A Choice Confronting China Today 
Abstract:
 Two of the difficult problems China faces in the final years of this
 century are those of maintaining stability and deepening reform. There is
 a compatibility between these two political goalsâunless reform is
 deepened, it will be difficult for China to enjoy long-term stability. But
 there is also a contradiction between themâit would not be possible to
 deepen reform without touching on certain vested interests, and yet, once
 you touch certain vested interests, you are likely to create some measure
 of instability. In fact, it may even be said that in China today, the
 masses and the elite are more attentive to political and economic
 stability than they have been in the past, and the argument that "China
 simply cannot be chaotic" [the title of a popular bookâEd.] has struck a
 rather deep chord with the Chinese people. All of China's Asian neighbors
 and the major Western countries hope that stability will be maintained in
 China, and that turmoil in China can be avoided. Nevertheless, for us to
 be able to understand how stability can be obtained, we first have to
 comprehend how stability has been maintained in China since the inception
 of reform, but this particular problem is one that is not often discussed
 within academic circles, whether domestically or in international
 scholarship. In this essay, I would like to approach the issue from the
 analysis of just such a problem, and employ a concept suggested by Western
 scholars of the Soviet Unionânamely, the concept of a "social
 contract"âto explain the mechanism for the realization of stability
 within the context of China's reform, and to explain the systematic and
 economic conditions of such a mechanism. If we bring the analysis of the
 center-locality relationship into this mechanism, it will help us
 understand the mechanical reasons that account for the lack of balance and
 coordination in the center-locality relationship, and understand why the
 center's pursuit of stability could lead to conflicts of interest between
 the center and the localities. This essay's analysis involves many
 levelsâpolitics, the economy, the society, the center, the localities,
 the masses, and so onâas well as the interaction and relationship among
 them all. It should be noted that the author intends to place the focus of
 this essay on the "diagnosis" of the problem, and not necessarily on the
 "prescription."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-125 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K8655Q11Q6566825 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bai Nanfeng et al.
 "Gaige de shehui chengshouli yanjiu" (Studies in Society's Tolerance for
 Reform). >i>Guanli shijie (The World of Management), Beijing, no. 5
 (1993).>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Baum, Richard, ed. >i>Reform and Reaction in Post-Mao China: The
 Road to Tiananmen.>/i> New York: Routledge, 1991.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Cheng Xiaonong and Song
 Guoqing. "Gaigezhong guomin jingji shouru liucheng de bianhua" (Changes in
 the Flow of the Revenue in China's National Economy During Reform).
 >i>Zhongguo: fazhan yu gaige (China: Development and Reform), Beijing, no.
 8 (1987).>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Clague, Christopher, and Gordon Rausser, eds. >i>The Emergence
 of Market Economies in Eastern Europe.>/i> Cambridge and Oxford: Blackwell
 Publishers, 1992.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Connor, Walter D. >i>Socialism's Dilemma: State and Society
 in the Soviet Bloc.>/i> New York: Columbia University Press,
 1988.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Cook, Linda J. >i>The Soviet Social Contract and Why It Failed:
 Welfare Policy and Worker's Politics from Brezhnev to Yeltsin.>/i>
 Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Deng Xiaoping. "Jiefang
 sixiang, shishi qiushi, tuanjie yizhi xiangqiankan" (Liberate Thought,
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 >i>Deng Xiaoping wenxuan (Selected Writings of Deng Xiaoping).>/i>
 Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1983.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fewsmith, Joseph. >i>Dilemmas of Reform in
 China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate.>/i> Armonk, NY: M. E.
 Sharpe, 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Han Yongwen. "Qianyi wuoguo jiushi niandai shouru fenpei
 zhengce quxiang" (A Brief Discussion of the Orientation of the Income
 Distribution Policies in Our Country in the 1990s). >i>Guanli shijie (The
 World of Management), Beijing, no. 6 (1993).>/i></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hu Yongtai, Hai Wen, and
 Jin Yibiao. "Zhongguo qiye gaige jiujing huodeliao duodai chenggong?" (How
 Much Success Has There Actually Been in the Reform of the Enterprises in
 China?). >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies), Beijing, no. 6
 (1994).>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Kornai, Janos. "Transformational Recession: A General Phenomenon
 Examined Through the Example of Hungary's Development." >i>Economie
 AppliquÃ©e>/i> 46, no. 2 (1993): 181-227.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>12</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lane, David, ed. >i>Soviet Society
 Under Perestroika.>/i> London and New York: Routledge, 1990.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Li Hanlin, Wang
 Qiyu, and Li Lulu. "Zhongguo chengshi shequ de zhenghe jizhi yu danwei
 xianxiang" (The Phenomenon of an Integrative Mechanism and Units in
 China's Urban Communities). >i>Guanli shijie (The World of Management),
 Beijing, no. 2 (1994).>/i></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Long Zhihe. "Wuoguo chengzhen jumin
 xiaofei xingwei yanjiu" (A Study in the Consumption Behavior of Urban
 Dwellers in China). >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies), no. 4
 (1994).>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Ludlam, Janine. "Reform and the Redefinition of the Social
 Contract Under Gorbachev." >i>World Politics>/i> 43 (January 1991):
 284-31.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mennon, Gordon; Chen Haichun; and Wu Zhiming. "Zhongguo
 chengzhen jiating de shiji shouru he xiaofei shuiping" (The Actual Levels
 of Income and Consumption of Households in China's Cities and Townships).
 >i>Guanli shijie (The World of Management), Beijing, no. 4
 (1993).>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Migdal, Joel, Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue. >i>State Power and
 Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World.>/i>
 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Millar, James R., and Sharon
 L. Wolchik, eds. >i>The Soviet Legacy of Communism.>/i> Washington, DC:
 Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Millar, James R., ed. >i>Politics, Work
 and Daily Life in the USSR.>/i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
 1987.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>20</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Milor, Vedat, ed. >i>Changing Political Economies: Privatization
 in Post-Communist and Reforming Communist States.>/i> Boulder, CO: Lynne
 Reinner Publishers, 1994.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Nee, Victor, and David Stark, eds.
 >i>Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern
 Europe.>/i> Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Nordlinger, Eric
 A. "Taking the State Seriously." In >i>Understanding Political
 Development>/i>, eds. Myron Weiner and Samuel P. Huntington. Glenview, IL:
 Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education, 1987.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Office of
 Macroeconomic Studies, the Chinese Research Institute of Economic Systems
 Reform. >i>Gaige zhong de hongguan jingji (The Macroeconomy in the Midst
 of Reform).>/i> Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 1988.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Pei Minxin.
 >i>From Reform to Revolution: The Demise of Communism in China and the
 Soviet Union.>/i> Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>25</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Przeworski,
 Adam. >i>Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in
 Eastern Europe and Latin America.>/i> Cambridge: Cambridge University
 Press, 1991.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Qiu Xiaohua and Du Yu. "Zhongguo nongcun shichang de fazhan
 qianli ji kaifa silu" (The Developmental Potential of China's Countryside
 as a Market and the Line of Thought Concerning How to Develop It).
 >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies), Beijing, no. 8 (1994).>/i></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>27</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Rosenbaum,
 Arthur L., ed. >i>State and Society in China: The Consequences of
 Reform.>/i> Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Rozman, Gilbert, ed.
 >i>Dismantling Communism: Common Causes and Regional Variations.>/i>
 Washington, D. C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1992.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shao Daosheng.
 "Zhongguo yuangong dui rizi qiye dipingjia tantao" (An Investigation of
 Why Chinese Workers Have a Low Esteem for Japanese-Capitalized
 Enterprises). >i>Guanli shijie (The World of Management), Beijing, no. 6
 (1993).>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>30</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Shirk, Susan. >i>The Political Logic of Economic Reform in
 China.>/i> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Solinger,
 Dorothy J. >i>China's Transition From Socialism: Statist Legacies and
 Market Reforms, 1980-1990.>/i> Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1993.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>32</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Walder,
 Andrew G. >i>Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese
 Industry.>/i> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>33</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wang
 Shaoguang. "Fenquan de dixian" (The Bottom-Line of Power-Sharing).
 Princeton, Seminar on the Boundaries of Power-Sharing and Systemic
 Transformation, 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang Shaoguang and Hu Angang. "Jiaqiang
 zhongyang zhengfu zai shichang jingji zhuanxing zhong de zhudao
 zuoyongâguanyu zhongguo guojia nengli de yanjiu baogao" (Strengthen the
 Central Government's Dominant Role in the Transition Toward a Market
 Economy: A Research Report on State Capacity in China). New Haven: Yale
 University, 1993.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>35</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> White, Stephen. "Economic Performance and Communist
 Legitimacy." >i>World Politics (April 1986)>/i>: 462-82.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yang Tiren.
 "Zhongguo shiye baozhang tizhi xintan" (A New Exploretion of the System of
 Unemployment Insurance in China). >i>Guanli shijie (The World of
 Management), Beijing, no. 6 (1993).>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>37</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhao Renwei. "Woguo zhuanxingqi
 zhong shouru fenpei de yishe teshu xianxiang" (Some Unusual Phenomena in
 Income Distribution in Our Country During the Period of Transition).
 >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies), Beijing, no. 1 (1992).>/i></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>38</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhou
 Xueguang. "Unorganized Interests and Collective Action in Communist
 China." >i>American Sociological Review>/i> 58 (1993): 54-73.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:28:y:1995:i:4:p:88-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i> translates an excerpt from
 >i>Xiangxia sanshi nian>/i> (Thirty Years in the Countryside), which was
 compiled by several people involved in the rural reforms: Wang Gengjin,
 Yang Xun, Wang Ziping, Liang Xiaodong, and Yang Kuansan. With the
 blessings of the relevant Party authorities, they went through the
 Fengyang County files, compiling a documentary picture of rural
 development from 1949 to 1983. Composed of excerpts of actual Party
 documents, including the minutes of meetings, this volume provides one of
 the most important sources on conditions in the countryside.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YN344564Q6656641 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:28:y:1995:i:5:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Fan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Author-Name: Zhang Shuguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuguang 
Author-Name: Wang Limin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Limin 
Title: Dual-Track Transition and "Dual-Track Adjustment and Control" 
Abstract:
 A characteristic of China's "gradualistic" reform is that it starts first
 by trying not to confront many vested interests or to undertake any
 fundamental, radical restructuring of the old system, but rather to
 develop a new system alongside (or on the "margins" of) the old system.
 Therefore, inevitably, a "dual-track system" situation will emerge and
 reform will ultimately be accomplished only through a rather long period
 of "dual-track transition." Thus, it can be said that a fundamental
 characteristic of any gradualistic reform is a relatively long period of a
 dual-track transition.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-88 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1614W69120458381 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen Yue (1988),
 "Zhongguo jingji zhouqi wenti yanjiu" (A Study of the Problem of China's
 Economic Cycles), in Zhang Fengbo et al., eds. >i>Zhongguo hongguan jingji
 jiegou yu zhengce (The Structure and Policies of China's
 Macroeconomy)>/i>, Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fan Gang (1992),
 "Dangqian hongguan jingji xingshi yu hongguan tiaokong shouduan" (Today's
 Macroeconomic Trends and Means of Macroeconomic Regulation and Control),
 >i>Jinrong yanjiu (Financial Studies)>/i>, September.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fan Gang
 (principal author), Zhang Shuguang, et al. (1990), >i>Gongyouzhi hongguan
 jingji lilun dagang (An Outline of the Theory of Macroeconomy Under a
 System of Public Ownership)>/i>, Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fan Gang and Wing
 Thye Woo (1992), "Decentralized Socialism and Macro-Stability: Lessons
 from China," Working Paper no. 411, Economics Department, University of
 California at Davis, September.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gelb, Alan, Gary Jefferson, and Inderjit
 Singh (1993), "The Chinese and East European Routes to Reform"
 (manuscript), NBER Eighth Annual Macroeconomics Conference,
 April.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Guo Shuqing (1992), "Zong xuqiu, zong gongjiâcong gainian dao
 xianshi" (Total Demand and Total Supply: From Concept to Reality),
 >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies)>/i>, no. 3.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Kornai, Janos (1990), >i>The
 Road to a Free Economy, Shifting From a Socialist System: The Example of
 Hungary>/i>, New York: W. W. Norton and Company.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Li, David (1992), "Public
 Ownership as a Sufficient Condition for the Soft Budget Constraint,"
 University of Michigan (manuscript).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li Yang (1992), "Shouru gongneng fenpei
 de tiaozheng: Dui guomin shouru fenpei xiang geren qingxie xianxiang de
 sikao" (Adjustments in the Distribution of Revenues Functions: Some
 Thoughts on the Phenomenon of the Slanting of the Distribution of the
 National Income Toward the Individual), >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic
 Studies)>/i>, no. 7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lipton, D., and Sachs, J. (1990),
 "Creating a Market Economy in Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland,"
 Brookings Institution Papers on Economic Activity, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liu Shucheng
 (1989), >i>Zhongguo jingji de zhouqi bodong (Cyclical Fluctuations in
 China's Economy).>/i> Zhongguo jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lu Jian (1992), >i>Zhongguo
 jingji zhouqi shizheng yanjiu (Empirical Studies in China's Economic
 Cycles).>/i> Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ma Jiantang (1990),
 >i>Zhouqi bodong yu jiegou biandong (Cyclical Fluctuations and Structural
 Change).>/i> Hunan jiaoyu chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>14</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> McKinnon, Ronald I. (1993), "Financial
 Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in China, 1978-1992: Implications for
 Russia and Eastern Europe" (manuscript).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Oi, Jean (1991), "The Shifting
 Balance of Power in Central-Local Relations: Local Government Response to
 Fiscal Austerity in Rural China" (manuscript).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sicular, Terry (1992),
 "Public Finance and China's Economic Reform," Harvard Institute of
 Economic Research, Discussion Paper no. 1619.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Tang Mingfeng and Li Wenshun
 (1992), "Touzi: Xingshi fenxi ji guanli jianyi" (Investment: An Analysis
 of the Situation and Proposals for Management), >i>Jingji cankao bao
 (Economic Reference News)>/i>, August 31.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>18</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Tang Zongkun (1992), "Guoyou qiye
 liren zhuanyi he qiye zaishengchan nengli" (Profit Transfer in the
 State-owned Enterprises and the Enterprises' Capacity for Re-Production),
 >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies)>/i>, no. 7.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>19</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Woo, Wing Thye (1993), "The
 Art of Reforming Centrally-Planned Economies: Comparing China, Poland and
 Russia," University of California at Davis (manuscript).</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xie Ping (1993),
 "Xiang shichang jingji guodu zhong de jinrong hongguan tiaokong" (Macro
 Financial Regulation and Control During the Transition Toward a Market
 Economy), a working paper.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao Renwei (1989), "Gaige guocheng zhong
 de shouru shiwuhua" (The "In-Kind" Transformation of Income in the Process
 of Reform), >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies)>/i>, no. 4.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhong Pengrong
 (1990), >i>Tonghuo pengzhang yanjiu (Studies in Currency Inflation).>/i>
 Jiangxi renmin chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhong Pengrong and Wu Tonghu (1990),
 >i>Hongguan jingjilun (Macroeconomic Theory).>/i> Jingji kexue
 chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Zhou Xiaohan (1990), "Dui yijiubajiu nian huobi zhengce jixing
 qingkuang de chubu fenxi" (A Preliminary Analysis of the Conditions of the
 Implementation of the Monetary Policy in 1989), >i>Jinrong yanjiu
 (Financial Studies)>/i>, no. 7.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zou Heng-fu (1991), "Socialist Economic
 Growth and Political Investment Cycles," >i>European Journal of Political
 Economy>/i>, no. 7, pp. 141-57.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:28:y:1995:i:6:p:40-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Yifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yifu 
Author-Name: Cai Fang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang 
Author-Name: Li Zhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou 
Title: On the Gradual-Advance Style of Economic Reform in China 
Abstract:
 Economists have generally recommended [either of] two different types of
 strategies or styles regarding the reform of a centralized planned
 economyâa controlled economyâinto a market economy. There are all
 kinds of descriptive terms that may be applied to these two different
 categories of reform strategies. One optional strategy is [described as]
 "radical," "drastic," "Big-Bang," "once-and-for-all," and, sometimes, as
 "shock treatment." Within this category of reform proposals, however,
 there are also many dissimilar implications. The more popular style of
 reform is the one that has been recommended in recent years by Western
 economists to the countries of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of
 Independent States (CIS). [In this type of reform], marketization,
 privatization, and democratization are the goals chosen as necessary
 aspects of economic reform. In terms of method, this approach advocates
 the implementation of an epochal reform strategyânot unlike the notion
 of God's creationâin which heaven and earth and all manner of things are
 created within a span of seven days. The other [reform] strategy is
 comparatively "gradualistic" and "evolutionary." At one time, this latter
 type of reform was rarely recommended, while the former proposal was very
 popular and considered to possess theoretical perfection and feasibility.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-39 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=874Q1M1T1N554778 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> David, Wilfred L.
 >i>Political Economy of Economic Policy: The Quest For Human
 Betterment.>/i> New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1988.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jefferson, Gary,
 Thomas Rawski, and Zheng Yuxin. "Growth, Efficiency, and Convergence in
 China's State and Collective Industry." >i>Economic Development and
 Cultural Change>/i> 40 (2) (January 1992), pp. 239-266.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu.
 >i>Zhidu, jishu yu Zhongguo nongye fazhan (Systems, Technology, and
 China's Agricultural Development).>/i> Shanghai: Sanlian shudian,
 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu, Cai Qi, and Shen Minggao. "Woguo jingji gaige yu
 fazhan zhanlue jueze" (Economic Reform in China and Developmental Strategy
 Options). >i>Jingji yanjiu (Economic Studies)>/i>, no. 3, 1989.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Wang Huijiong
 and Yang Guanghui, eds. >i>Zhongguo jingji jiegou bianhua yu zengzhang de
 kenengxing he xuanze fangan (The Possibility of Transformation and Growth
 in China's Economic Structure, and the Blueprint for Selection).>/i>
 Qixiang chubanshe, 1984.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Bank. >i>Zhongguo: shehui zhuyi
 jingji fazhan (China: Economic Development Under Socialism).>/i> Zhongguo
 caizheng jingji chubanshe, 1982.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Bank. >i>Zhongguo: changqi fazhan de
 wenti he fangan (China: The Problems of and Plans for Long-Term
 Development).>/i> Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe, 1985.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:28:y:1995:i:6:p:5-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The two articles translated in this issue of >i>Chinese Economic
 Studies>/i> represent efforts by some of China's leading economic thinkers
 to explain the reform process and the problems that it faces in the
 post-Tiananmen period. The first article, by Lin Yifu, Cai Fang, and Li
 Zhou, enters the wide-ranging discussion on the relative merits of radical
 reform versus gradual or incremental reform. Lin and his colleagues argue
 that China's incremental approach to reform has allowed reform and
 development to proceed together, thus maintaining social stability and
 building support for reform. This process, they argue, makes the process
 of reform not only smoother but "irreversible."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 28 
Year: 1995 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=88760181G05GH263 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:28:y:1995:i:6:p:3-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Song Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Song 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Energy, Economy, and Its Environment in China 
Abstract:
 The consensus of Chinese official and economic circles is that Chinese
 Economic Studies will maintain a relatively fast rate of growth in the
 foreseeable future. Rapid economic growth calls for an increasing supply
 of energy. Generally speaking, China has fairly abundant energy resources.
 The huge population, however, makes per capita resources deficient. It is
 estimated that by about the year 2040, the population will reach a peak of
 approximately 1.6 billion persons. Along with the population increase,
 future per capita resources will continue to decrease, and the deficiency
 of per capita resources will become a serious limiting factor in sustained
 socioeconomic development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=51T3732245006472 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions
 Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences (compiled by Xikang Chen et
 al.). >i>Jiyu yu tiaozhan. Zhongguo zouxiang 21 shijide jingji fazhan
 mubiao he jiben fazhan zhanlue yanjiu>/i> [Opportunities and Challenges.
 Study of Economic Goals and Basic Development Strategy as China Enters the
 21st Century]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chinese
 Environmental Yearbook Editorial Board. >i>Zhongguo huanjing nianjian>/i>
 [Chinese Environment Yearbook]. Beijing: Chinese Environmental Yearbook
 Publishers, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Song Zhao. >i>Zhongguo jieneng qianli fenxi>/i> [Analysis
 of Energy Conservation Potential in China]. Research Report of the Asia
 Development Bank's Technical Assistance Project ADB T. A. No. 1628 - P. R.
 CADB. TA-1648. Beijing, August 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Song Zhao. >i>Nengyuan xuqiu yuce ji
 fangfalun>/i> [Projection and Methodology of Energy Demand]. Shell Oil
 Corp.'s LNG Market Consulting Report. Beijing: June 1995.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Song Zhao.
 >i>Medee-s muxing Zhongguo shiyou tianranqi xuqiu yuce>/i> [Medee-s Model
 Projection of Chinese Oil and Natural Gas Demand]. Research Report.
 Beijing, 1995.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Song Zhao et al. >i>SGM muxing Zhongguo wenshi qiti paifang
 yuce ji wending jianpai duicede chengben xiaoyi fenxi, caogao>/i> [SGM
 Model Projection of Chinese Greenhouse Gas emission and Cost-Effective
 Analysis of Stabilization and Emission-Reduction Measures (Draft)].
 Research Report from China Country Study on Climatic Changes. Beijing and
 Washington DC, March 1996.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> State Environmental Protection Bureau, ed.
 >i>Zhongguo huanjing baohu 21 shiji yicheng>/i> [21st Century Agenda for
 Chinese Environmental Protection]. Beijing: Chinese Environmental Science
 Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> State Statistical Bureau, ed. >i>Zhongguo
 tongji nianjian>/i> [Chinese Statistical Yearbook]. Beijing: Chinese
 Statistical Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Transport and Energy Department, State
 Planning Commission. >i>Zhongguo nengyuan baipishu>/i> [White Paper on
 Chinese Energy]. Beijing, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiaoqian Zhou, Qingyi Wang, et al.
 >i>Zhongguo nengyuan zhanlue yanjiu>/i> [Research on Chinese Energy
 Strategy]. Research Report. Beijing, July 1995.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:1:p:42-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xikang Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Feeding One Billion A Study on China's Grain Problem in the Twenty-First Century 
Abstract:
 The following article discusses many serious difficulties in Chinese grain
 production, such as shortage of arable land and water resources,
 over-supply of rural manpower, lack of funds, and low level of education,
 science, and technology. These difficulties result in a small scale of
 agricultural operation, high production costs, low agricultural
 profitability, and slow growth in grain output. After analyzing the basic
 international and domestic situation, the author argues that China cannot
 repeat the Japanese experience but should take the road of "basic
 self-sufficiency and gradual increase of import." The author shows that it
 is possible for China to avoid rapid shrinking of arable land in the
 course of industrialization and to maintain the stability of grain acreage
 over the long term, thus enabling domestic supply to basically satisfy the
 grain demand of 1.6 billion people in the twenty-first century. Finally,
 the article provides a projection of grain output and demand in China in
 the years 2000, 2020, and 2030. It is projected that China will gradually
 increase imports in the twenty-first century, reaching 55 million tons by
 2030.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-41 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5441320721VVV237 
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Brown, Lester R. >i>Who
 Will Feed China. Wakeup Call for a Small Planet.>/i> New York and London:
 W.W. Norton, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Chen Xikang et al. >i>Zhongguo chengxiang jingji touru
 zhanyong chanchu fenxi>/i> [Input-Output Analysis of Chinese Urban and
 Rural Economy]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 1992.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chinese
 Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences. >i>Shengcun yu
 fazhan>/i> [Survival and Development]. Beijing: Science Publishing House,
 1989.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
 >i>Kaiyuan yu jieye. Zhongguo ziran ziyuan yu renli ziyuande qianli yu
 duice>/i> [Developing Resources and Eliminating Waste. Potential of
 Chinese Natural and Human Resources and Our Strategy]. Beijing: Science
 Publishing House, 1992.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese
 Academy of Sciences: >i>Jiyu yu tiaozhan. Zhongguo zouxiang 21 shijide
 jingji fazhan mubiao yu jiben fazhan zhanlue yanjiu>/i> [Opportunities and
 Challenges. Study of Economic Goals and Basic Development Strategy as
 China Enters the 21st Century]. Beijing: Science Publishing House,
 1995.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu et al. "The Future Prospects of Chinese Grain and Our
 Strategy," >i>Zhongguo nongcun jingji>/i> [China's Rural Economy], no. 8,
 1995 (General No. 128), Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic
 of China. >i>Zhongguo nongye tongji ziliao>/i> [Chinese Agricultural
 Statistics 1987-1994]. Beijing: Agricultural Publishing House,
 1988-1995.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Polenske, Karen R., and Xikang Chen. >i>Chinese Economic
 Planning and Input-Output Analysis.>/i> Hong Kong: Oxford University
 Press, 1991.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Sun He et al. >i>Zhongguo nongye ziran ziyuan yu quyu fazhan>/i>
 [China's Agricultural Natural Resources and Regional Development].
 Nanjing: Jiangsu Science Publishing House, 1994.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> State Statistical Bureau.
 >i>Zhongguo tongji nianjian, 1995>/i> [Chinese Statistical Yearbook,
 1995]. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:1:p:22-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ju'e Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Ju'e 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Title: Natural Resources and Economic Development in China 
Abstract:
 Natural resources refer to sources of matter and energy existing in
 nature, which humankind can use, under given technological, economic, and
 social conditions, as raw materials in production and consumption.
 Generally, they include land, water, minerals, and biological and climatic
 resources. Some natural resources are affected by zonal factors; others
 are restricted by non-zonal factors. As a result, all natural resources on
 the globe have a problem of uneven spatial distribution and strict
 regional characteristics. The status and characteristics of Chinese
 natural resources are as follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-21 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L018R41W4700813K 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions
 Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences. >i>Kaiyuan yu jieyue.
 Zhongguo ziran ziyuan yu renli ziyuande qianli yu duice>/i> [Developing
 Resources and Eliminating Waste. The Potential in Chinese Natural and
 Human Reources and Our Strategy]. Beijing: Science Publishing House,
 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
 >i>Jiyu yu tiaozhan - Zhongguo zouxiang 21 shijide jingji fazhan mubiao he
 jiben fazhan zhanlue yanjiu>/i> [Opportunities and Challenges. Study of
 Economic Goals and Basic Development Strategy as China Enters the 21st
 Century]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Earth Science Division,
 Chinese Academy of Sciences. >i>Zhongguo ziyuan qianli qushi yu duice.
 Zhongguo kexueyuan dixuebu yantaohui lunwenji>/i> [Tendency of Chinese
 Resource Potential and Our Strategy. Compilation of Papers Presented at
 the Symposium Sponsored by the Earth Science Division of the Chinese
 Academy of Sciences]. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 1993.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sun Shuo et
 al. >i>Zhongguo nongye ziran ziyuan yu quyu fazhan>/i> [China's
 Agricultural Natural Resources and Regional Development]. Nanjing, China:
 Jiangsu Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1994.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Bank. >i>World
 Development Report, 1992.>/i> China Financial and Economic Publishers,
 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:1:p:5-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiannuan Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiannuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 China's economy has been booming since the beginning of the economic
 reform in the late 1970s. Between 1978 and 1995, the gross domestic
 product (GDP) of China grew at an average annual rate of 9.8 percent (see
 Chen, this issue). If this trend continues, as many analysts have
 projected, China could overtake the United States and Japan to become the
 world's largest economy some time between 2020 and 2030.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U161H71415J61549 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Lester Brown. >i>Who
 Will Feed China? Wake-Up Call for a Small Planet.>/i> Washington, DC:
 Worldwatch Institute, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:1:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Xue 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xue 
Title: Water Resources and Economic Development in China 
Abstract:
 On the basis of an overall analysis of the characteristics of China's
 water resources, their current development, utilization rate, and
 problems, this article studies the interrelationship of Chinese Economic
 Studies, social development, and the use of water resources. In view of
 the serious conflict in water supply and demand the country faces at the
 end of this century and into the next, the author suggests that the
 solution to China's water shortage lies chiefly in the building up of an
 overall water-conserving national economic and social system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W33253240UM1638G 
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chinese Academy of
 Science and State Planning Commission's Committee for the Comprehensive
 Survey of Natural Resources. >i>Zhongguo ziran ziyuan shouce>/i> [Handbook
 of Chinese Natural Resources]. Beijing: Science Publishing House,
 1990.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
 >i>Kaiyuan yu jieyue. Zhongguo ziran ziyuan yu renli ziyuande qianli yu
 duice>/i> [Expanding Resources and Eliminating Waste. Potential of Chinese
 Natural and Human Resources and Our Strategy]. Beijing: Science Publishing
 House, 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Chinese Conditions Analysis Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
 >i>Jiyu yu tiaozhan. Zhongguo zouxiang 21 shijide jingji fazhan mubiao he
 jiben fazhan zhanlue yanjiu>/i> [Opportunities and Challenges. Study of
 Economic Goals and Basic Development Strategy as China Enters the 21st
 Century]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 1995.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> He Xiwu. >i>Maixiang 21
 shijide woguo shuiziyuan zhanlue chutan>/i> [Initial Exploration of Water
 Resources Strategy as China Enters the 21st Century]. 1991.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu Yingqiu.
 "Status and Evaluation of the Coordinated Development of Chinese Economy,
 Population, Resources and Environment," >i>Guotu kaifa yu zhengzhi>/i>
 [Land Development and Management], vol. 3, no. 4, 1993.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu Yazho. "Status
 of Utilization of Chinese Natural Resources and Our Strategy," >i>Ziran
 ziyuan>/i> [Natural Resources], no. 6, 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Mou Haisheng. "Analysis of
 the Strategy for Chinese Urban Water Usage and Conservation,"
 >i>Shuiziyuan yanjiu>/i> [Study of Water Resources], vol. 13, no.
 3.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>
 Shi Yafeng, ed. >i>Huabei diqu shuiziyuan heli kaifa liyong [Rational
 Development and Utilization of Water Resources in the Hebei Region]>/i>.
 Beijing: Hydropower Publishing House, 1990.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> State Statistical Bureau.
 >i>Zhongguo tongji nianjian>/i> [Chinese Statistical Yearbook]. Beijing:
 China Statistical Publishing House, 1991-95.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Water Conservancy and
 Hydropower Planning Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. >i>Zhongguo
 shuiziyuan liyong>/i> [Utilization of China's Water Resources]. Beijing:
 Hydropower Publishing House, 1989.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Water Resource Management Committee of
 Shanxi Province. >i>Shanxi shuiziyuan>/i> [Shanxi Water Resources].
 Taiyuan: Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1992.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> World Bank. >i>World
 Development Report 1992.>/i> New York, NY: Oxford University Press,
 1992.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> World Resource Institute. >i>World Resources 1986.>/i> New York,
 NY: author, 1986.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Xu Wende. >i>Woguo shuiziyuan duanque jiqi jieyue zhanlue
 yu duice>/i> [Shortage of Water Resources in China and the Strategy and
 Policy to Conserve Water]. Water Resource Division, Chinese Ministry of
 Water Conservancy, September 1990.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu Zhifang, "The Water Issue in the 21st
 Century," >i>Shuiziyuan yanjiu>/i> [Study of Water Resources], vol. 16,
 no. 2.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yan Cunli. "Brief Description of the Prospects of Water
 Conservancy in China," >i>Zhongguo shuili>/i> [Chinese Water Conservancy],
 March 1995.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Yang Yuandong. "Overall Characteristics and Evaluation of
 Chinese Water Resources," >i>Shuiziyuan yanjiu>/i> [Study of Water
 Resources], vol. 16, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang Zongku. >i>Woguo shuiziyuan wenti
 fenxi yi jiejue tujing>/i> [Analysis and Solution of the Problem of
 Chinese Water Resources]. United Office of the Departments of the Chinese
 Academy of Sciences, October 1995.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:1:p:76-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheng Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: The Search for a Stable Mode of Reform 
Abstract:
 Reform is a change in the system. The economic system generally has three
 functions: incentives, resource allocation, and interest distribution.
 Systemic change will necessarily alter the efficiency of these three
 functions. Improving the efficiency of incentives and resource allocation
 will directly improve the productivity of resources of a given quantity
 and quality.>sup>1>/sup> However, if, in the course of improving
 incentives and resource allocation, a disequilibrium in the distribution
 of interests appears, then it will not only increase the cost of reform
 but it may well become the major cost. The reasons for this are, first,
 if, in the course of reform, a group of people suffers losses, it will
 overtly or covertly adopt an uncooperative or resistant attitude, thus
 increasing the cost of implementing reform. Second, unfairness in the
 distribution of interests will directly instigate friction among different
 interest groups. Losses resulting from such friction will become a direct
 part of the price of reform. Third, disequilibrium in interest
 distribution will also lead to behavior that disregards or even disrupts
 the existing economic order; disruption of economic order itself is a
 social loss. Fourth, disruption of the existing pattern of interests
 caused by reform can lead to relatively strong social unrest (such as the
 panic buying that occurred in 1988). Such social unrest would either
 deprive people of the expectation of stability or exact a greater price
 from them to overcome.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-59 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=694860452M188213 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cummins. >i>System
 Economics.>/i> Commercial Press, Chinese ed., 1983.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Galbraith, J.K. >i>The
 New Industrial State.>/i> New York: New American Library, 1986.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Lebrer,
 Henry. >i>New Liberal Economics in the U.S.>/i> China: Beijing University
 Press, Chinese ed., 1985.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Locke, [John]. >i>On Government.>/i>
 Commercial Press, Chinese ed., 1983.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> North, D.C., and Thomas, R.P. >i>The
 Rise of the Western World.>/i> New York: Cambridge University Press,
 1973.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Siegels, John. >i>The Theory of the History of Economics.>/i>
 Commercial Press, Chinese ed., 1987.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:2:p:39-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This second issue of reflections on the economic reform process presents
 three articles by two of China's leading economic theorists. The first
 article, by Sheng Hong, "A Survey of the Research on the Transitional
 Process of Market-Oriented Reform in China," gives a rather detailed
 overview of the way in which Sheng and other economists have been
 conceptualizing what they call "transitional economics." As Sheng notes,
 much of what is currently encompassed by that term was implicit in the
 thinking and practice of young reformers in the 1980s. Now, Sheng and his
 colleagues are trying to sum up China's reform experience in theoretical
 terms. In their efforts to do so, they draw heavily on Western theoretical
 efforts, particularly the work of economists such as Ronald Coase,
 Douglass North, and James Buchanan, but, at the same time, there is an
 effort to bring these insights together with their own experience. Here
 one can see an effort to develop a distinctly Chinese understanding of
 economics, one that is informed by, but not restricted to, Western
 concepts.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D524L30R56093358 
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X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Fan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: On the Reform Process 
Abstract:
 The primary purpose of this paper is not to seek some better road to
 reform, but to arrive at a systematic understanding of the various
 problems and phenomena that have emerged in the process of reform. In
 theory, to analyze and understand something involves nothing more or less
 than stripping off what lies on the surface of a subject and then boiling
 everything down to some fundamental essentials. The key to reforming the
 economic structure is the transformation of the relations of interests
 among people. We can, of course, use the language of the market to
 describe reform, in which case we would discuss issues of "supply" and
 "demand" in the economic system, and we can even place some kind of "price
 index" label on a system. Nonetheless, in the final analysis a structural
 reform itself is not a type of market process; rather, it belongs to the
 category of a "non-market choice." Therefore, we shall rely here more
 heavily upon a set of straightforward methods of analysis, namely those
 methods related to the theory of public choice. As a rule the creation of
 a new social economic structure on the foundations of an old structure is
 a greatly complex, time-consuming process, more so than the process, say,
 of producing the largest and most complicated aircraft carrier in the
 world. Therefore, we must strive our hardest to avoid [being trapped in]
 any "static" hypothesis. Instead, what we shall attempt to do here is to
 introduce a more active and developmental analysis into this study of the
 theory of structural reform and transformation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F6J2UH9242345545 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Arrow, K.J. 1951.
 >i>Social Choice and Individual Values.>/i> New York: [Wiley].</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Boadway, R.,
 and Bruce, N. 1984. >i>Welfare Economics.>/i> Oxford:
 [Blackwell].</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> [Bu-kan-nan], J.M. (Buchanan, J.M.). 1989. >i>Ziyou, shichang yu
 guojia>/i> (Freedom, the Market, and the State). Shanghai: Sanlian
 shudian. (Chinese translation.)</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Buchanan, J.M., and Tullock, G. 1962.
 >i>The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional
 Democracy.>/i> Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1988.
 "Lun gongyouzhi jingji zhong gezhong liyi mubiao, liyi maodun he jingji
 xingwei" (On Various Interest Goals, Contradictions of Interests, and
 Economic Behavior in an Economy Under the System of Public Ownership) in
 >i>Zhongguo shehuikexueyuan yanjiushengyuan xuebao>/i> (Academic Bulletin
 of the Graduate Students' School of the Chinese Academy of Social
 Sciences), no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Fan Gang (principal author) 1990. >i>Gongyouzhi hongguan
 jingji lilun dagang>/i> (An Outline of the Theory of Macroeconomy Under
 the System of Public Ownership). Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Freeny, D. 1988.
 "The Demand for and Supply of Institutional Arrangements," in Ostrom et
 al., eds. >i>Rethinking Institutional Analysis and
 Development.>/i></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> [Huo-er-so-fu-si-ji], V. 1988. >i>Jingji tizhi fenxi yu
 bijiao>/i> (Analysis and Comparison of Economic Systems). Jingji kexue
 chubanshe. (Chinese translation.)</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hurwicz, L. 1986. "Incentive Aspects of
 Decentralization," in Kenneth Arrow and Michael Intriligator, eds.
 >i>Handbook of Mathematical Economics>/i>, vol. 3. New York:
 North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu. 1988. "Lun zhidu yu zhidu bianqian" (On Systems and
 the Evolution of Systems) in >i>Zhongguo: fazhan yu gaige>/i> (China:
 Development and Reform), April.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> [Dao-ge-la-si. No-si] (North, Douglass).
 1992. >i>Jingjishi de jiegou yu bianhua>/i> (Structure and Change in
 Economic History). Shanghai: Sanlian shudian. (Chinese
 translation.)</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> North, D. 1983. "A Theory of Economic Change," in
 >i>Science>/i>, no. 219, January 14.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Olson, M., Jr. 1971. >i>The Logic of
 Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups.>/i> Cambridge:
 Harvard University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ostrom, V.; Freeny, D.; and Picht, H.
 1988. >i>Rethinking Institutional Analysis and Development.>/i> San
 Francisco: International Center for Economic Growth.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zuo Dapei. 1988.
 >i>Fu-lai-bao jingji xuepai yanjiu>/i> (Studies of the Freiburg School of
 Economics). Hunan jiaoyu chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:2:p:60-95




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheng Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: A Survey of the Research on the Transitional Process of Market-Oriented Reform in China 
Abstract:
 Of all the former planned-economy countries, China might be the most
 successful in market-oriented reforms. China's GNP grew 9.4 percent per
 year from 1978 to 1994 (Li T., 1995). By 1994, the reform of the product
 market was basically completed with more than 95 percent of product prices
 determined by the market (Li T., 1995). The factor market is also forming.
 Because of the flow of labor and the development of the non-state-owned
 sector, labor is increasingly evaluated by the market; similarly, the
 value of land factor is accessed by the market because of the emergence of
 the real estate market, and the capital market and money market are
 preliminarily established through the securities market and the
 liberalization of trade on the foreign exchange. The output of the
 non-state sector amounts to 53 percent of the entire GNP (1993, estimated
 by Qiu Xiaohua), indicating that there has been a significant change in
 the institution of property rights. What is more important is that these
 changes have led to the amendment of the Constitution into which the term
 "market economy" has already been inserted.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-38 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M20NUM387736K446 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Diao Xinshen. 1989. "An
 Analysis of Dual-Track Economy in China." >i>Zhongguo: Fazhan yu gaige>/i>
 [China: Development and Reform], no. 2.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1991. "On the Reform
 Process." >i>Reform, Opening Up and Growth: A Collection of Scholarly
 Essays Presented to the Chinese Economic Forum>/i>, 1990. Shanghai: Joint
 Publishing [Translated in >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i>, vol. 29, no. 2
 (March-April 1996), pp. 60-95.] Reprinted in Sheng, >i>Transitional
 Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1993a. "Two Reform Costs and Two
 Reform Forms." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> [Economic Research Journal], no. 1;
 reprinted in Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1993b.
 "Public Choice and Reform Process." >i>Jingji shehui tizhi bijiao>/i>
 [Journal of Comparative Economic and Social Systems], no. 1; reprinted in
 Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1994. "Dual-Track
 Transition in China." >i>Economic Policy>/i>, December.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Guo Shuqing.
 1990. "Change of the Operating Mechanism of the National Economy and
 Choice of Reform Strategies." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no. 11.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hu Ruyin. 1993.
 "Political Economy of China's Reform." >i>Jingji fazhan yanjiu>/i>
 [Research on Economic Development], no. 9; reprinted in Sheng,
 >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Hua Sheng; Jiang Yue; He Jiacheng;
 Gao Liang; and Zhang Shaojie. 1985. "On the Chinese Method of Price
 Reform: Reasons for Take-Off." Reprinted in >i>China: Development and
 Reform (1984-1985).>/i> Press for Communist Party History, 1987.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Huang
 Yongshan. 1989. "Power, Change of Economic Structure, and Choice of Reform
 Strategy." >i>Zhongguo: Fazhan yu gaige>/i> [China: Development and
 Reform], no. 3.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu; Cai Fang; and Li Zhou. 1993. "On the
 Gradual-Advance Style of Economic Reform in China." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>
 [Economic Research Journal], no. 9. [Translated in >i>Chinese Economic
 Studies>/i>, vol. 28. no. 6 (November-December 1995), pp. 5-39.] Reprinted
 in Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu; Cai Fang; and Li
 Zhou. 1994. >i>China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic
 Reform.>/i> Shanghai: Joint Publishing and People's Publishing</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>12</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu; Cai
 Fang; and Li Zhou. 1995. "The Key to Enterprise Reform Is to Create a Fair
 Competitive Environment." >i>Gaige>/i> [Journal of Reform], no.
 3.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Lou Jiwei and Zhou Xiaochuang. 1984. "On the Direction of
 Price-System Reform and a Relevant Model." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no. 4;
 reprinted in >i>China: Development and Reform (1984-1985).>/i></BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>14</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Li Tieying.
 1995. "Common Prosperity of China's Economy and World Economy." >i>Jingji
 ribao>/i> [Economic Daily], April 12.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Miao Zhuang. 1992. "On the Problem of
 Reform Strategy Choice in Institutional Change." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no.
 10; reprinted in Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> North,
 Douglass. 1982. >i>Structure and Change in Economic History.>/i> New York:
 W.W. Norton.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> North, Douglass. 1971. "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial
 System: A Theoretical Model." >i>Journal of Economic History>/i>, 31
 (December).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong. 1991a. "Exploring a Stable Path for Reform."
 >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no. 1; >i>reprinted in Transitional Economics of
 China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>19</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong. 1991b. "From Planned Equilibrium to Market
 Equilibrium." >i>Guanli shijie>/i> [Management World], no. 6.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>20</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong.
 1992. "Marketization: Conditions, Limitations, and Approaches." >i>Jingji
 yanjiu>/i>, no. 11; reprinted in Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics of
 China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong. 1993. "Income Distribution Matters and Transaction
 Costs Matter." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no. 11; reprinted in Sheng.
 >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong. 1994. "Transitional
 Economics of China." In >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i> Shanghai:
 Joint Publishing and People's Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>23</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Song Guoquing. 1987. "A Simple
 Theory of Combining Exchange." >i>Jingji fazhan yu tizhi gaige>/i>
 [Economic Development and Institutional Reform].</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>24</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Tian Jiyun. 1985.
 "Positively and Stably Working on the Reform of the Price System."
 >i>Jingji ribao>/i>, January 8; reprinted in >i>China: Development and
 Reform (1984 1985).>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang Jun. 1993. "Theory of Property
 Rights and Institutional Change Under the Centralized Planned Economy."
 >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i>, no. 5; reprinted in Sheng, >i>Transitional Economics
 of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Zhang Shaojie. 1989. "The Evolution of China's Economic
 Structure and Institutional Reform." >i>Zhongguo: Fazhan yu gaige>/i>, no.
 7.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>27</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang Shuguang. 1995. "Seeking the Path Toward China's Take-Off
 and Advancing the Theory on the Rise and Fall of Nations: With a Comment
 on Lin et al. >i>China Miracle." Zhongguo shuping>/i> [China Comment on
 Books], no. 3.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Zhang Weiying. 1985. "On the Mainly âLiberatingâ Approach
 in Price Reform." >i>Jingji yanjiu cankao ziliao>/i> [Reference Resources
 for Economic Research], no. 6; reprinted in >i>China: Development and
 Reform (1984-1985).>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>29</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang Weiying and Li Jiange. 1985. "A
 Suggestion on the Depreciation of Renminbi and the Opening of the
 Foreign-Exchange Swap Market." >i>Jingji yanjiu cankao ziliao>/i>
 [Reference Resources for Economic Research], no. 6; reprinted in >i>China:
 Development and Reform.>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang Weiying and Yi Gang. "China's
 Gradual Reform: A Historical Perspective." China's Center for Economic
 Research, Beijing University, working paper no. E1995001.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhou Qiren.
 1994. "Rural Reform in China: State and Change of Property Rights."
 >i>Zhongguo shehui kexue jican>/i> [Quarterly Journal of Chinese Social
 Sciences], Summer.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>32</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Zou Gang. 1985. "A Research Report on Production Material
 Price Reform." >i>Renmin ribao>/i> [People's Daily], December 17;
 reprinted in >i>China: Development and Reform (1984-1985).>/i></BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:2:p:5-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Peilin 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peilin 
Title: Has China Become Polarized? 
Abstract:
 "Polarization" is a concept used to describe an extreme disparity between
 rich and poor. The main yardstick for the rich-poor gap is based on
 observations in two aspects: Comparisons of income levels and analyses of
 possession of wealth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-76 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=31703462000350J0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zheng Zhixiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhixiao 
Title: On the Debate Regarding the Distribution of Personal Income 
Abstract:
 Ideological circles have different understandings of many issues regarding
 the distribution of personal income.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-72 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=33T60256P0788443 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Rongbiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rongbiao 
Title: Will Polarization Occur If the Income Gap Becomes Too Wide? 
Abstract:
 >p>Under the traditional planned-economy system, the salaries of employees
 and workers were set by unified decisions on the part of the state, for
 which reason the salary incomes of employees and workers displayed two
 outstanding features: a high degree of transparency and not much
 differentiation. The main contradiction in income distribution was
 egalitarianism, even in the rural areas. Since the advent of reform and
 openness, these problems have gradually changed, as characterized chiefly
 by a rapid widening of income gaps and the emergence of many new and
 formerly non existent contradictions. These are manifested mainly in the
 three following aspects:>/p>>p>1. The widening gap between the highest and
 the lowest incomes in societv. "Highest" and "lowest" refer here to the
 most widespread and common income gaps in society. Analyses in relevant
 survey nxiterials show that the differences in the per capita household
 incomes of urban residents in China since the reform has increased year by
 year. These differences were 900.96 yuan, 2,536 yuan, and 3321.7 yuan in
 1985, 1992, and 1993, respectively, with ratios of 1 : 0.35, 1 : 0.3 1,
 and 1 : 0.26, respectively.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-84 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=40831G6389318X22 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Zhenliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenliang 
Title: Draw the Line Between Learning Advanced Things from the West and Worshiping Things Foreign 
Abstract:
 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Party's Eleventh Congress, by
 opening up to the outside, we have learned and drawn upon the advanced
 science and technology and advanced business methods and management
 experience of the Western nations, enhanced foreign economic and cultural
 exchanges, promoted China's economic prosperity, and raised the people's
 material, cultural, and living standards. At the same time, however,
 Western capitalism's decadent ideology and culture have taken advantage of
 this opportunity to stream in, and the "worship-things-foreign mentality"
 and "worship-things-foreign phenomenon" have quietly developed and spread
 in some people's minds and in many domains of social life. In order to
 draw a line between learning advanced things from the West and worshiping
 things foreign, we must clarify such issues as why we should learn from
 the West, what we should learn from the West, and how to learn from the
 West in a truly enterprising fashion, drawing upon, and making use of
 Western advances without unduly underrating ourselves and blindly
 worshiping things foreign.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-92 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Tao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao 
Title: A Brief Introduction to the Special Zones Debate 
Abstract:
 The following is a brief introduction to the circumstances surrounding a
 debate on the special zones, which emerged in the latter part of last
 year.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-46 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G32M5T4384436G67 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The eight articles translated here cover a variety of issues stemming from
 China's almost twenty-year experience with reform. They are linked
 together by some commonalities, however. First, they reflect the debates
 within China over the effects of the reforms to date. Which results should
 be seen positively and which should be seen negatively? What should be the
 next step? Second, the articles included here are often particularly
 revealing because they all stem from "internal" (>i>neibu>/i>)
 publications intended for a specialized audience and not for the general
 public. In other words, these selections seem more like an inner-Party
 discussion on issues where the conclusion has yet to be reached than would
 be the case for an article published in the open press, which is generally
 intended to inform the attentive public of official policy decisions that
 have already been reached. Even in those cases in which it is clear that
 the leadership >i>has>/i> made its decisioâas in selections 1 and 2 on
 the Special Economic Zonesâthe selections provide far more information
 than is comonly the case for articles in the open press.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G36T42R7435W3125 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:3:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Ping 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ping 
Title: Special Zone Construction and Opening to the Outside (April 19, 1996) 
Abstract:
 Over the years, the Communist Party Central Committee and the State
 Council have issued many important directives concerning special-zone
 construction and opening to the outside. And, quite recently, at a
 special-zone work meeting we held at Zhuhai, Premier Li Peng delivered an
 important speech, which has been made public in all newspapers;
 Vice-Premier Li Fengqing has also spoken on the issue. I do not wish to
 dwell on these aspects one by one. Nor do I intend to touch upon specific
 issues of the many practical problems pertaining to the special zones and
 opening to the outside, the contents of which are quite extensive, and
 about which all of you already know a good deal.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-35 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G505685127661456 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:3:p:6-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Ni 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni 
Title: How Should the Special Zones Continue to Be "Special"? 
Abstract:
 The rapid development and enormous contributions of the economic zones, as
 "test sites" for Comrade Deng Xiaoping's theories on building up a
 socialism with Chinese characteristics, a "window" for reform and opening
 up, are universally acknowledged; the special zones have performed
 noteworthy services in the course of China's reform and opening up. Since
 1994, however, a large debate on "whether the special zones should
 continue to be special" and "how the special zones should be âspecialâ
 " has been drawing universal attention. This is the third large debate to
 emerge since the founding of the special economic zones. The first one
 took place in the early 1980s, and revolved mainly around the question,
 "Should One Go Ahead with the Special Zones?" The second discussion, in
 the mid-1980s, revolved mainly around the question, "Is It Possible to Do
 a Good Job of Operating the Special Zones?"
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G60885562552R6N8 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:3:p:47-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Angang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angang 
Title: Why China's Economy Consistently Experiences Wide Fluctuations 
Abstract:
 Since the founding of the People's Republic more than forty years ago,
 China has experienced numerous economic cycles and economic readjustments.
 One of the characteristic regularities of China's economic development is
 the cyclic fluctuation manifested as the rise-fall-rise again-fall again
 of the economic growth rate, which is accompanied by a recurrent
 vacillation of expansion-retrenchment (readjustment)-expansion
 again-retrenchment again (readjustment again) in economic policy. The wide
 fluctuations are one of the most distinctive features of China's economic
 development, as well as one of the direct causes of contradictions and
 conflicts in Chinese society. The fluctuation coefficient of China's
 economy is considerably higher than it is in the Western countries, and
 far higher than the world average. Between 1960 and 1989, the fluctuation
 coefficient of China's economy was 1.8 times those of Yugoslavia, Britain,
 and India; 2.2 times that of the United States; 2.6 times that of Japan;
 3.0 times that of South Korea; 3.4 times that of the former Soviet Union;
 and 4.3 times the world average. A large body of data and many facts
 indicate that the cyclic fluctuations in China's economy have been
 painfully obvious, that economic growth has been extremely unstable, and
 that these violent and frequent cyclic oscillations have seriously impeded
 any sustainable economic development in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-64 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J0156151L9NG5642 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zong Wen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wen 
Title: Looking Back at the Tax Division System Reform 
Abstract:
 The year 1994 witnessed a further step of reform in China. With respect to
 regulating the central-local distributive relationship, the State Council
 issued the document "Decisions on Implementing a Tax Division System of
 Fiscal Management;" henceforth, the tax division system [>i>fenshui
 zhi>/i>] was implemented nationwide. Over a year, the standard tax
 division system has replaced various forms of contracting systems; and the
 impact of the tax division system reform on regulating the distributive
 relations between central and local governments and between government and
 enterprises is just beginning to show.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-20 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2480657G460M110T 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:16-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiang Jianping 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianping 
Author-Name: Chu Huiping 
Author-X-Name-First: Chu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huiping 
Title: A Few Thoughts on an Equalizing Transfer Payment System 
Abstract:
 The goal for the establishment of a transfer payment system has been
 reasonably clear, that is, to achieve an equalizing national level of
 public services. In other words, governments, through the transfer payment
 system, acquire the financial capacity to provide citizens in all regions
 with basic, standard (at different periods of time), and equal materials
 and services. In our opinion, this goal is what the transfer system will
 ultimately achieve in China, but it cannot be reached at present. This is
 because regional economic development is uneven and there is a great
 disparity in financial capacities across regions. Under these
 circumstances, the evening of the level of public services among regions
 requires radical changes in the current revenue distributive structure,
 which would no doubt be unsuitable to the development of the fiscal system
 in China and have unwanted consequences. The tax division system has been
 in operation for two years and its impact is beginning to show. Any major
 change in this situation would create great disturbances in the newly
 established order of revenue distribution and affect the stability of the
 fiscal system. In addition, there are financial difficulties in all
 regions, in both rich and poor areas, and the average financial resources
 merely enable government to keep the administration running and in some
 places this cannot even be guaranteed and, therefore, there are no extra
 financial resources to transfer. Furthermore, one outstanding problem in
 the distribution of financial resources in China at present is the
 insufficient effort to generate revenue in many regions. The solution to
 this problem is to find incentives for local governments to generate
 revenue. Once the revenue in every region has increased, the national
 financial capacity will be enlarged and the central government can acquire
 more financial resources. Otherwise, any unrealistic maneuvers to absorb
 financial resources from some regions on a large scale will severely
 obstruct the economic development in these regions and have a negative
 effect on the local incentives to generate revenue, ultimately affecting
 revenue growth at the central, as well as local levels. What then, should
 be the goal of the transfer payment system? In our opinion, it is
 ultimately the achievement of an equalizing level of public services on a
 national scale, but this achievement must go through a long process. At
 present, a short term goal is needed that is both practical and realistic
 and on the basis of which the transfer payment system can be designed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-45 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4574L680216274KP 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Zhihua 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhihua 
Author-Name: Zhou Qizhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qizhou 
Title: Tax Division System, Budgeting, and Final Accounting The Views of Local Officials 
Abstract:
 At the joint meeting on national final accounting, we interviewed Jiang
 Jianping, the head of the Budget Section in the Jiangsu provincial
 Department of Finance; and Liu Wei, the head of the Budget Section in the
 Chongqing municipal Bureau of Finance. Our conversation with the two
 officials went as follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-81 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=80646551J0K17282 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:75-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Xiaolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolin 
Title: Introduction to Part I A General Policy Review 
Abstract:
 This section provides an overview of the 1994 fiscal reform. The first
 three articles, published a year after the implementation of the tax
 division system, concentrate primarily on policy making, while the
 subsequent three articles published later in 1996 deal primarily with
 technical aspects of fiscal operations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 14-15 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:14-15




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Xiaolan 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolan 
Title: Investigation into the Implementation of the Tax Division System in Jiangxi Province 
Abstract:
 At the time that the tax division system was implemented at the
 central-provincial levels, the Jiangxi provincial government implemented
 the tax division system at the sub-provincial levels beginning on January
 1, 1994. This reform combined the principles of the State Council with the
 actual difficult situation in Jiangxi provincial finances, and measures
 were taken guided by the principle "if the province is to be enriched,
 counties must be enriched first." The tax division reform in Jiangxi
 province aims (1) to gradually standardize the distributive relationship
 between the prefectural, municipal, and county governments; (2) to
 increase provincial macrocontrol power while maintaining the stock of
 local financial resources; and (3) to develop local revenue sources and
 mobilize local incentives to generate revenue.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 91-94 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:91-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Su Ming 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ming 
Author-Name: Wang Zhaocai 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhaocai 
Author-Name: Xu Long 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Long 
Title: Investigation into Local Fiscal System Reform 
Abstract:
 Local fiscal reform is a focal point of the national fiscal reform that
 aims to establish fiscal management by levels of government based on the
 tax division system. In achieving this goal, there are many problems that
 need to be solved. This article deals with the division of administrative
 powers and responsibilities, the division of revenue, and the
 implementation of a transfer payment system among all levels of
 government.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JKM9906L208167H3 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:21-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Heshan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heshan 
Title: On Establishing a Transfer Payment System in China 
Abstract:
 The transfer payment system has long existed in China. In the past,
 transfer payment assumed various forms, including institutional subsidies
 or general subsidies [>i>tizhi buzhu>/i>], special appropriations
 [>i>zhuanxiang buzhu>/i>], emergency subsidies [>i>teshu buzhu>/i>],
 institutional remittances [>i>tizhi shangjie>/i>], and special remittances
 [>i>zhuanxiang shangjie>/i>], all of which were used to equilibrate
 budgetary margins among levels of government. A more formal use of
 "transfer payment" as a standard financial practice in China has, however,
 only been discussed in recent years. The new fiscal system implemented in
 1994 allowed the central government to concentrate more revenue resources,
 but expenditure management has not been revised and still follows the same
 operating pattern as under the old fiscal system. Furthermore, regional
 disparities in economic development in the past years have grown, and
 financial difficulties in poor areas have worsened. Under these
 circumstances, the establishment of a transfer payment was put onto the
 agenda of the central and local financial management institutions. How to
 standardize the transfer payment system in China is seen, by all levels of
 government, as an important solution to financial difficulties and
 disequilibrium in distribution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-41 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:38-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Xiaolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolin 
Title: Introduction to Part II The Management of Central Finances 
Abstract:
 What has gone wrong with the management of central finances? The legacy of
 the planned economy, decentralization of financial power, government
 interference, and an imperfect legal system pose great challenges to the
 central macro-control of financial resources in China. The urgency to
 strengthen its financial capacity forces the central government to adopt
 new measures to regulate financial operations. The four articles included
 in this section address different problems in the management of central
 finances. While some problems are administrative matters that directly
 undermine the central financial capacity and result in financial
 difficulties in general at all levels of government, other problems are
 related to management efficiency, which is crucial to the establishment of
 a well-functioning transfer payment system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-47 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:46-47




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zou Wenhui 
Author-X-Name-First: Zou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wenhui 
Title: Some Urgent Problems Awaiting Solution in the Fiscal Reform 
Abstract:
 1. >i>The division of revenue retains the old pattern in accordance with
 the subordinate relationship between enterprises and their competent
 authorities.>/i> The fundamental principle of the tax division system is
 that revenue is divided by tax categories, namely, central regular
 revenue, local (provincial, municipal, and county) regular revenue, and
 revenue shared between central and local governments. At present, however,
 the division of enterprise income tax [>i>qiye suode shui>/i>] and part of
 the circulation tax [>i>liuzhuan shui>/i>] in the electric, metallurgical,
 postal, and telecommunication industries and banking are based on the
 subordinate relationship between enterprises and their competent
 authorities. This is actually a practice of the planned economy and is not
 suitable for the development of a socialist market economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-65 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N554104886NL6K1J 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:61-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Shuming 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuming 
Author-Name: Wang Chunping 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunping 
Author-Name: Yan Yonggang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yonggang 
Title: Further Perfecting the Tax Division System and Intensively Promoting Economic Development in Ethnic Minority Areas A Conference Report 
Abstract:
 Between May 12 and May 14, the State Nationality Affairs Commission and
 the Ministry of Finance coordinated a symposium on the operation of the
 tax division system in ethnic minority areas in Ezhou City, Hubei
 Province. More than fifty representatives attended the meeting, most of
 them from the eight ethnic minority regions1 and the rest from some ethnic
 autonomous prefectures and counties in Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu, Jilin,
 Liaoning, Hunan, and Hainan provinces. The main object of the meeting was
 to report on the operation of the tax division system; to analyze problems
 of the current tax division system and their effect on the ethnic minority
 areas; and to study how to further perfect the tax division system,
 establish a scientific and standard transfer payment system, and promote
 rapid economic development in the ethnic minority areas. The deputy
 director of the State Nationality Affairs Commission, Ren Wenjing, and the
 deputy governor of Hubei province, Su Xiaoyun, attended the meeting and
 made important speeches.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-74 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:68-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Xiaolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolin 
Title: Introduction to Part III The Impact of Reform on Local Finances 
Abstract:
 The collection of articles in this section presents the views of local
 officials. In summarizing the local situation under the tax division
 system reform, these articles convey moral appeals of local officials to
 the central government to provide support and help local governments cope
 with the system change. The key issues in these discussions generally
 revolve around regional disparities, ethnic particularities, economic
 equity, local incentives, the transfer payment system, and central
 subsidies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-67 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P7064U3170053J13 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:66-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Xiaolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolin 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 China's fiscal reform in 1994 was one in a series of reforms in the state
 fiscal management system beginning in the late 1970s that changed
 relationships between the central and local governments in revenue
 distribution and led to a decentralization of financial power.1 In 1980,
 the policy of "eating in separate kitchens" [>i>fenzao chifan>/i>] set the
 central and local revenue and expenditure bases on which quota assignments
 for local revenue retention/remittance and central subsidies were
 determined. In 1985, the schemes of "dividing tax types" [>i>huafen
 shuizhong>/i>] and "setting revenue and expenditure bases" [>i>heding
 shouzhi>/i>] further specified quota assignments by levels of government.
 These reforms were mainly intended to stabilize revenue and regulate
 expenditure at all levels of government and, at the same time, to
 alleviate the financial burden of the Center and provide incentives for
 local governments to generate revenue.2 Above all, the reforms were
 continuous efforts to adjust central-local relations in the distribution
 of financial resources.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-13 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q640375625671815 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:5-13




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Haibo 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haibo 
Title: Special Revenue Sources and Their Impact on Yunnan Finances 
Abstract:
 EDITOR'S NOTE: >i>Yunnan Province, where two-thirds of the revenue comes
 from the tobacco industry, has a reputation for "tobacco finances." This
 image suggests that Yunnan is a revenue-rich province, but the fact is
 that it has also brought disadvantages to the province's social and
 economic development. This predicament seems to have much wider
 cross-regional implications today. How those places that have special
 revenue sources deal with the challenge of market economy development and
 institutional transformation is the question raised by the author of this
 article.>/i>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-90 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q6823J5655668612 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:82-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Yikun 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yikun 
Title: Tax for Fees An Inevitable Choice for Township Financial Management Under the Tax Division System 
Abstract:
 Along with the implementation of the tax division system, financial
 responsibilities are divided at every level of government in order to
 ensure scientific management and a balanced budget. At the grassroots
 level, the way in which the township government fully exercises its
 financial functions and rationalizes the distributive relationship between
 government and peasants has become an important issue. A year ago, the
 Hunan provincial government carried out experimental "tax for fees" in
 Wugang City with good results. The experiments have shown that "tax for
 fees" regulates the fee collection mechanism and eases the burden on the
 peasants and that it is an inevitable choice for township financial
 management under the tax division system. The practice of "tax for fees"
 should therefore be popularized soon.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 95-100 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:95-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cai Qiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiang 
Title: Local Budget Fulfillment in 1994 
Abstract:
 The first year that the new fiscal system was implemented throughout China
 was 1994. The financial departments at all levels of government
 conscientiously carried out the central policy "grasping opportunities,
 intensifying reform, expanding openness, accelerating development, and
 maintaining stability," and worked hard to ensure the smooth operation of
 the new fiscal system and steady revenue growth, and fulfilled all fiscal
 assignments [see Table 1].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-33 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T5623W4U45618J52 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:29-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LÃ¼ Wangshi 
Author-X-Name-First: LÃ¼ 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wangshi 
Title: Reverse Pressure on Budgets and Proposed Solutions 
Abstract:
 The so-called phenomenon of reverse pressure on budgets refers to some
 unhealthy socioeconomic factors that weaken the administrative and legal
 authority in budget implementation, erode revenue sources, and solidify
 the scope and direction of budgetary expenditure. All this forms
 multidirectional forces and mechanisms that are more powerful than the
 so-called soft budget constraints and have contributed to the present
 financial predicament in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-52 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W048747487P0X450 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:48-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Liuqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liuqing 
Title: On Problems in the Central Appropriation of Special Funds and Countermeasures 
Abstract:
 After the implementation of the tax division system, the central
 appropriation of special funds remains, but there will be no further
 increase in the total amount of such funds. At the same time, the
 establishment of a transfer payment system at the core of the tax division
 system will add new contents to the central appropriation of special
 funds. In this respect, the amount of centrally appropriated special funds
 will increase at a more rapid pace, which requires more efficient
 management. However, if we only pay attention to the absolute amount of
 the funds, while neglecting the rational distribution and management of
 the funds, the central appropriation of special funds will lose its
 original meaning. This article analyzes problems in the central
 appropriation of special funds, their causes, and solutions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-60 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W3NP4211261813W5 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:57-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Xiaolan 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaolan 
Title: Drawing Back Extrabudgetary Funds A Reform from the Grass Roots 
Abstract:
 Along with the advancing economic reform, the national economy and all
 undertakings have witnessed rapid development. But on the financial front,
 the function of macrofiscal control seems to have been continuously
 weakened, as reflected in the low percentage of revenue in proportion to
 the national income. The most important reason for the weak macrofiscal
 control is that huge sums of capital remain outside budget management.
 This problem is urgently awaiting solution at present.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-56 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:4:p:53-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Institutional Change, Market Evolution, and Informal Contractual Arrangements 
Abstract:
 The major developments in the study of institutional economics in recent
 years has greatly deepened people's understanding of institutional change
 and market evolution. Generally speaking, institutional change is headed
 in the general direction of the continuous reduction of market transaction
 costs, allowing the owners of all sorts of resources to realize to the
 greatest extent possible their behavior in the course of transaction, and
 at the same time, to cause resources to flow into the hands of those for
 whom their use value would be the greatest, thus promoting the growth of
 the economy (North and Thomas, 1973). According to the general theory of
 institutional change, there are two types of institutional arrangements:
 first, fundamental institutional arrangements, and second, secondary
 institutional arrangements. In a gradualistic process of historical
 change, secondary institutional changes may well take place before there
 is a fundamental institutional change. "Such changes that have the effect
 of deviating from, amending, and modifying, or circumventing the existing
 fundamental institutional arrangement will continue to generate pressure,
 thus eventually bringing about more radical change in the fundamental
 institutional arrangement" (North and Thomas, 1971).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-30 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=27757T08523V257K 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bai Ruiming. 1990.
 >i>Yinhang zhengquan touzi>/i> [Bank and Securities Investment]. Zhongxin
 chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Fan Gang. 1991. "Lun gaige guocheng" [On the Reform Process].
 >i>Gaige, kaifang yu zengzhangâZhongguo jingji luntan yijiujiuling nian
 xueshu lunwenji>/i> [Reform, Opening Up and Growth: A Collection of
 Scholarly Essays Presented to the Chinese Economics Forum, 1990].
 Shanghai: Sanlian shudian [Translated in >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i>,
 vol. 29, no. 2 (March-April 1996), pp. 60-95.] Reprinted in Sheng,
 >i>Transitional Economics of China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Libecap, Gary D. 1989. >i>Contracting
 for Property Rights.>/i> Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> North, Douglass C., and
 Thomas, Robert Paul. 1971. "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System: A
 Theoretical Model." >i>Journal of Economic History>/i>, 31 (4).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> North,
 Douglass C. 1989. >i>The Rise of the Western World.>/i> Chinese
 translation: >i>Xifang shijie de xingqi.>/i> Huaxia chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> North,
 Douglass C. 1991. >i>Structure and Change in Economic History.>/i> Chinese
 translation: >i>Jingjishi zhong de jiegou yu bianqian>/i>, Shanghai:
 Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> North, Douglass C. 1991. >i>Institutions, Institutional
 Change and Economic Performance.>/i> Chinese translation: >i>Zhidu, zhidu
 bianqian yu jingji jixiao.>/i> Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ruttan, V. 1991.
 "Induced Institutional Change" [Chinese translation title: "Youzhixing
 zhidu bianqian lilun"]. >i>Caichan quanli yu zhidu bianqianâchanquan
 xuepai yu xinzhidu xuepai yiwenji>/i> [Property Rights and Institutional
 Change: Translations From the Writings of the Property Rights School and
 the New Institutions School]. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> >i>Shanghai
 zhengquan nianjian>/i> [Shanghai Securities Yearbook]. 1992. Shanghai:
 Renmin chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong, 1993. "Shouru fenpei xiangguan he jiaoyi
 feiyong xiangguan ji qita" [The Income Distribution Connection, the
 Cost-of-Trade Connection, and Others]. >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> [Economic
 Studies], no. 11; reprinted in Sheng Hong, ed. >i>Zhongguo de guodu
 jingjixue>/i> [Transitional Economics In China]. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian
 and Shanghai: Renmin chubanshe, 1994.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wang Huaqing. 1993. "Shanghai gupiao
 shichang de yunzuo yu fazhan" [The Operations and the Development of the
 Shanghai Stock Market]. >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> [Economic Studies], no.
 6.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> >i>Xinwenbao>/i>, 1986-90.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ying Jianzhong, Zhao Lei, and Liu
 Zhengjun. 1992. >i>Zhongguo gushi zoushi>/i> [Trends in the Chinese Stock
 Market]. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Editorial Committee for >i>Zhongguo
 faxue congshu>/i> [Miscellaneous Books on Chinese Legal Studies] and the
 Federation of Joint Stock Enterprises of Shanghai, joint eds. 1992.
 >i>Zhongguo zhengquan fagui guizhang huibian>/i> (1981-1992) [A Compendium
 of Chinese Securities Laws and Regulations, 1981-1992]. Internal
 material.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:5:p:5-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tang Shouning 
Author-X-Name-First: Tang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shouning 
Title: Executive Unanimity 
Abstract:
 Nonexclusive public consumption goods can, in general, be classified into
 two categories, namely, those that have physical form, such as national
 defense, and those that do not have physical form, such as all sorts of
 institutions and regulations. This categorization of public goods reflects
 two levels of personal choice in terms of collective decision making, that
 is, the executive level and the constitutional level. In constitutional
 collective decision making, the individual within the collective has to
 choose the rules that subsequent decision making will have to follow; in
 contrast, executive decision making is one in which a choice in terms of
 public goods is made on the basis of decision making rules and criteria
 that have already been fixed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-94 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3054365362552041 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bu-kan-nan, J.M.
 [Buchanan, J.M.] 1992. >i>Minzhu guocheng zhong de caizheng>/i> [Fiscal
 Matters in the Process of Democratization]. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian.
 (Chinese translation.)</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bu-kan-nan, J.M. [Buchanan, J.M.] 1989.
 >i>Ziyou, shichang he guojia>/i> [Freedom, the Market, and the State].
 Beijing Jingji xueyuan [Beijing College of Economics] chubanshe. (Chinese
 translation.)</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Buchanan, J.M., and Tullock, G. 1962. >i>The Calculus of
 Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy.>/i> Ann Arbor:
 University of Michigan Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> >i>Jingjixue xiaoxibao>/i> [News in
 Economics] Press, ed. 1995. >i>No-bei-er jingjixue jiang dezhu
 zhuanfanglu>/i> [Interviews with Winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics].
 Zhongguo jihua chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Olson, M. 1965. >i>The Logic of Collective
 Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups.>/i> Cambridge: Harvard
 University Press, 1965.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Sheng Hong et al., eds. 1994. >i>Zhongguo
 de guodu jingjixue [Transitional Economics in China]>/i>. Shanghai:
 Sanlian shudian and Shanghai: Renmin chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Tang Shouning. 1994. "Jingji
 de guodu yu guodu de jingjixueâZhongguo de guodu jingjixue duhou"
 [Economic Transition and Transitional Economics: Thoughts After Reading
 Transitional Economics in China]. >i>Zhongguo shuping>/i> [Review of
 Chinese Publications], no. 11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:5:p:61-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i> presents three case studies
 of economic reform. These articles, which are translated from Sheng Hong,
 ed., >i>Zhongguo zhidu bianqian de anli yanjiu>/i> [Case Studies in
 Institutional Change in China], reflect both the growing theoretical
 sophistication of Chinese economists and their attention to detail. These
 case studies are inspired by institutional economics, particularly the
 works of Ronald Coase and Douglass North, and by public-choice theory,
 particularly the work of James Buchanan. The attraction of these
 theoretical approaches to Chinese economists seems apparent; whereas
 standard neoclassical economics generally assumes a stable institutional
 framework, China does not have one, and these theoretical approaches are
 useful in understanding how and under what conditions institutions
 develop. At the same time, the efforts of these authors to collect
 detailed case studies on institutional development reflects a new
 appreciation of the need to understand China's economy and institutional
 changes from the ground up. It should also be noted that the material
 collected in these case studies is highly informative and will prove
 useful, whether or not the reader accepts the theoretical framework
 employed by the authors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H4J6586703Q67524 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Xiaowei 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaowei 
Title: Property Rights, the Government, and the Marketization of the Economy 
Abstract:
 In a sense, the process of constructing a socialist market economic system
 is the process of constructing markets and realizing the marketization of
 the economy itself. In essence, the market is itself a relationship of
 competition and cooperation among people that is formed in the course of
 their economic activities. In other words, it is a relationship of
 voluntary exchange among mutually independent and at the same time
 mutually opposed entities of interest. It is precisely because of the
 existence of such a mutually interactive relationship that the exchange of
 equal values and the price mechanism existing among such interrelated
 entities play a regulative role in the economic activity of society and
 affect the deployment of resources.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-60 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J5275717447114QU 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Buchanan, J., and
 Tullock, G. 1962. >i>The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of
 Constitutional Democracy.>/i> Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Coase, R. 1959. >i>Lianbang tongxin weiyuanhui>/i> [The Federal
 Communications Commission]. Chinese translation contains the article
 "Qiye, shichang yu falu" [Enterprises, Markets and the Law], translated by
 Sheng Hong, Chen Yu et al. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian, 1990
 edition.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Coase, R. 1960. >i>Shehui chengben wenti>/i> [The Problem of
 Social Cost].</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Lin Yifu. 1989. "Guanyu zhidu bianqian de jingjixue lilun:
 youzhixing bianqian yu qiangzhixing bianqian" (An Economic Theory of
 Institutional Change: Induced Change and Imposed Change), in Liu Shouying
 et al., trans. and eds., >i>Caichan quanli yu zhidu bianqian: chanquan
 xuepai yu xin zhidu xuepai yiwenji>/i> [Property Rights and Institutional
 Change: Essays from the Property Rights School and the New Institution
 School], Shanghai: Sanlian shudian, 1991 edition.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Makesi [K. Marx].
 >i>Zibenlun>/i> [Capital]. Renmin chubanshe, 1976 edition. (Chinese
 translation.)</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> North, D.C. 1981. >i>Jingjishi zhong de jiegou yu bianqian>/i>
 [Structure and Change in Economic History], translated by Chen Yu, Luo
 Ping et al. Shanghai: Sanlian shudian, 1991 edition.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> North, D.C. 1990.
 >i>Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance.>/i>
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> North, D.C., and Thomas, R. 1973.
 >i>Xifang shijie de xingqi>/i> [The Rise of the Western World: A New
 Economic History], translated by Li Yiping and Cai Lei. Huaxia chubanshe,
 1989 edition.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:5:p:31-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lei Xiancheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Lei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiancheng 
Title: Analysis of the Income Situation of the Chinese Peasantry Since Reform and Openness 
Abstract:
 The income of the peasantry is a comprehensive measurement criterion of
 rural reform and development. In-depth analysis of the current state of
 peasant income since the advent of reform and openness has an important
 bearing on a correct understanding of the guiding principles, policies,
 and measures of the Ninth Five-Year plan and of rural reform up to the
 year 2010.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-67 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=206533800Q68Q270 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ye Tan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan 
Title: Jiang Zemin Directs That the Problem of Great Disparities in Incomes Be Solved 
Abstract:
 The great disparity in incomes has become a daily and widespread subject
 of comment among ordinary folk on the mainland. General Secretary Jiang
 Zemin of the Chinese Communist Party [CCP] has recently stressed: "If the
 disparities become great and are allowed to expand, serious and many-sided
 consequences will ensue."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-89 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=44035303V6HJ5712 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:83-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Yiyong 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yiyong 
Title: Is "Excessive Distribution" a Good Thing or a Bad Thing? 
Abstract:
 Studies on the subject "Macrocosmic Adjustment Mechanism for the Personal
 Incomes of Urban Inhabitants," conducted in 1994 by the Economics Research
 Center under the State Economic Commission, indicate that in recent years,
 the aggregate increase in personal incomes of urban inhabitants shows a
 tendency toward an abnormal rate of speed as compared with economic
 growth. In order to accurately reflect the relationship between aggregate
 increase in the personal incomes of inhabitants and the growth of the
 national economy, the topic team compared and studied five sets of
 corresponding quantitative indices at different levels and from different
 angles, conducted a multitiered analysis of the aggregate increase in the
 personal incomes of urban inhabitants since 1991, and put forward a number
 of assessments.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-53 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=808624X3N51175T0 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:46-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The eleven selections translated here all relate to the growing
 inequalities that have surfaced in China during the reform period. They
 cover individual inequalities, regional inequalities, and the rural-urban
 gap. Since all but one of the articles appeared in restricted circulation
 journals the selections offer more commentary and analysis on government
 policy than is commonly the case with this sensitive issue. Except for
 Selection 11, which was published in a pro-Beijing Hong Kong magazine, all
 the selections derive from People's Republic of China publications
 intended for academics and policymakers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E57M217V43166777 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Ye 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye 
Title: Analysis of Governmental Action in the Distribution of Personal Income During the Marketization Reform 
Abstract:
 Since the reform of the economic system, important changes have taken
 place in the distribution setup of national income in China. The
 proportion of individual income has markedly increased and the proportion
 of government fiscal revenue has markedly diminished. Inequalities of
 income distribution are becoming increasingly prominent in the
 distribution of personal income, and the channels of income are becoming
 progressively more diversified. Such major changes in income distribution
 are, to an increasing extent, affecting China's national economic
 development, and embody a change in the mechanism of income distribution,
 that is, a change from the planned-economy pattern of income distribution
 to a socialist market economy pattern. The marketization reform of the
 distribution of personal incomeâan important component of income
 distributionâhas also had a distinct role in promoting economic
 development; it has improved the efficiency of resource allocation and
 promoted the development of the social forces of production. However,
 absolutely free and uncontrolled distribution of income could intensify
 and expand unreasonable income disparities among the various [social]
 strata, and the widening of such unreasonable income disparities could
 affect social peace and stability. Many countries, therefore, adopt
 comparatively free income distribution models that come under government
 regulation and control. Our country is implementing a socialist market
 economy system, as against an absolutely free market economy system, and
 government regulation and control over personal income distribution is
 especially necessary. (Note: all further references to income distribution
 will indicate "distribution of personal income.")
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-40 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F6378L852653150M 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:18-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Qiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiang 
Author-Name: Zhang Zhiying 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhiying 
Title: Lasting Political Stability Requires a Massive Middle-Income Stratum 
Abstract:
 Today, the stratum of the rich on China's mainland probably consists first
 and foremost of private entrepreneurs whose property and income levels are
 indeed considerably higher than those of ordinary inhabitants. However, if
 seen from another angle, that is, in light of international comparison,
 China's so-called stratum of the rich has only a medium-income level
 internationally, and if compared with the rich nations, the average
 property and income of the above amount to no more than a lower-middle
 level. Over many years, we in China have become accustomed to poverty and
 some people have only started to become well-off and cannot be called
 truly wealthy as yet.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-71 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J18606340675140T 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:68-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Shikeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shikeng 
Title: Control the Development Gap Between the Seaboard and the Interior; Accelerate the Development of the Central and Western Regions 
Abstract:
 Since reform and openness, the eastern coastal regions have developed by
 leaps and bounds by means of setting up special economic zones, opening up
 the coastal port cities, initiating economic and technical development
 zones, and actively importing foreign capital and advanced technology.
 They have played the part of a driving force in the development of the
 entire national economy. Between 1979 and 1992, our country's total value
 of national economic output increased at a rate of 9 percent annually, and
 the total value of industrial output, at a rate of 13 percent annually.
 The sustained high speed of China's economic growth was due mainly to the
 impetus of the rapid growth in the eastern coastal regions. This is a
 generally acknowledged fact. However, a problemâa fairly serious
 problemâhas emerged in another aspect, and that is the further widening
 of the development gap between the seaboard and the interior regions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-82 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K065W0J35N472358 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:76-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shen Shuisheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuisheng 
Author-Name: Yao Yuqun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuqun 
Title: On the Problems of Distribution of Social Income in China 
Abstract:
 Relevant statistics show that from 1978 to 1993, after deducting price
 factors, China's GDP increased 3.8 times and the total income of China's
 urban and rural residents rose 3.4 times. The total amount of wages for
 urban employees rose rapidly from 56.89 billion yuan in 1978 to 477
 billion yuan in 1993, and rose further to 665.64 billion yuan in 1994. The
 average [annual] wage level of urban employees rose from 614 yuan in 1978
 to 3,371 yuan in 1993, and further to 4,538 yuan in 1994. The rates of
 increase of actual wages in 1993 and 1994, after deducting price factors,
 were 2.8 percent and 8.6 percent, respectively. The average per capita net
 income of the peasantry increased from 134 yuan in 1978 to 921 yuan in
 1993, rising 3.4 times after deducting price factors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-17 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XU8454288W202285 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ye Fujin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujin 
Title: Since the Government Is the Referee, Why Does It Get Into the Game? 
Abstract:
 The Distribution Department [fenpei si] of the State Systemic Reform
 Commission recently convened a symposium. Invited to participate were
 relevant comrades from nine departmentsâthe State Planning Commission,
 the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank, the State Bureau of Industry
 and Commerce, the State Statistical Bureau, the General Office of the
 State Administration of Taxation, the Bureau of Labor, the Bureau of
 Personnel, and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Meeting
 participants conducted earnest and in-depth studies of several major
 issues pertaining to income and distribution in China. The following is a
 round-up of the symposium's principal contents.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-45 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 29 
Year: 1996 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y1V724164878P487 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:29:y:1996:i:6:p:41-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: Circumstances and Problems of "Shareholding Experimental Projects" in Chinese Enterprises 
Abstract:
 After trying out such policy innovations as administrative division of
 powers [>i>xingzheng xing fen quan>/i>], decentralized powers and profit
 retention by enterprises [>i>fang quan rang li>/i>], and promoting the
 contract responsibility system [>i>qiye chengbao zhi>/i>], and having
 failed to obtain any noticeable results, some economists in China proposed
 that large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises could switch over to
 the corporate system (often referred to at the time as the "shareholding
 system" [>i>gufen zhidu>/i>]) currently practiced in the world's
 market-economy countries. An economic survey team of the World Bank, in
 its 1985 "China: Long-Term Development Issues and Options,">sup>1>/sup>
 opined that the fundamental issue to be solved by the enterprise reform
 was the establishment of appropriate relationships between the state and
 the enterprises, that ownership of the property of state-owned enterprises
 could be dispersed among a number of different institutions (the
 government, banks, pension funds, insurance companies, and other
 enterprises), and that a modern corporate system based on public ownership
 could be implemented. Toward the end of 1986, when the leadership gave up
 its idea of conducting complementary reforms [>i>peitao gaige>/i>] and
 shifted its focus to enterprise reform, "shareholding experimental
 projects" [>i>gufen shidian>/i>] were formally started up. Up to now
 [1993], more than 3,000 experimental "shareholding system enterprises"
 [>i>gufen zhi qiye>/i>] have been set up. The work on these experimental
 projects has broken out of the old set patterns of previous reforms of
 state-owned enterprises, accumulated much experience, and is most
 beneficial. However, because a good many gray areas exist in Chinese
 economic circles in their understanding of the corporate system, these
 "shareholding enterprises" are frequently out of synch with current
 international norms that have taken shape over the past 400 years. This,
 plus the fact that other aspects of the marketization reform have not yet
 come into position, has prevented the "shareholding system" reform from
 attaining the expected results. In this chapter, I will conduct a
 chronological analysis of the circumstances and problems of the
 "shareholding system" reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=44T8537637320X7J 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: How to Convert Large and/Medium-Sized State-Owned Enterprises into Corporations 
Abstract:
 Today, most people are already of the opinion that setting up a modern
 enterprise system is the only way out for China's large and medium-sized
 enterprises, and that current nonstandard "shareholding system
 enterprises" should be refashioned in line with the normative requirements
 for a modern corporate system. The most pressing issue today is to
 overcome existing systemic obstacles in order to effect smoothly this
 major transformation of the enterprise system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=750J623813572729 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:30:y:1997:i:1:p:71-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: The Modern Enterprise System 
Abstract:
 There are three basic enterprise (firm) systems in countries with market
 economies, that is, the proprietorship [original in English] [>i>yezhu
 zhi>/i>], the partnership [original in English] [>i>hehuo zhi>/i>], and
 the corporation [original in English] [>i>gongsi zhi>/i>, which may also
 be translated as >i>faren zhi>/i>]. Of these, the proprietorship and
 partnership systems are very old and have existed for several thousand
 years, whereas incorporated enterprises emerged between the sixteenth and
 seventeenth centuries and have a history of only some 400 years. The term
 "modern enterprises" means the modern corporations that have emerged and
 taken shape in developed market economies since the final years of the
 last century.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G1585V716710157L 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:30:y:1997:i:1:p:8-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Jinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinglian 
Title: Complementary Relationships Between Enterprise Reform and Reforms in Other Fields 
Abstract:
 In the preceding articles, we have discussed such issues as what
 constitutes a modern enterprise system and how to set up such a system.
 The fact is that enterprises do not exist in isolation but are closely
 connected with all other facets of the economic system. Thus, enterprise
 reform and setting up a modern enterprise system must proceed in concert
 with reforms in other fields. In this article, we will explore the
 complementary relationships between enterprise reform and reforms in other
 fields.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 94-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J36LQ00484019104 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:30:y:1997:i:1:p:94-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 If Jiang Zemin's speech to the Fifteenth Party Congress in September 1997
 represented the central leadership's plan to reform China's vast
 state-owned industrial sector, then the blueprint for that bold proposal
 can be found in the following translation. Written in 1993 by Wu Jinglian
 and his team of China's "best and brightest" economists, this work
 outlines the radical organizational and societal changes that, they
 believe, must be made to convert the country's lumbering and largely
 money-losing socialist industrial sector into what Jiang Zemin and Wu
 Jinglian describe as a "modern enterprise system.">sup>1>/sup> State-owned
 enterprises now operating under an administrative system of central
 planning will, under this plan, be converted into relatively autonomous
 "corporations" that will be managed by boards of directors responsible to
 public and private shareholders who, unlike government bureaucrats, will
 be concerned with the bottom line rather than political power and
 influence. Clear lines of ownership and well-defined powers and
 responsibilities will replace the current maze of cross-cutting and often
 contradictory lines of authority by central ministries and provincial and
 local governments that too often subject enterprises to irrational and
 misguided policies. Instead of following administrative dicta and
 operating with funds allocated from the government, these new invigorated
 enterprises will be driven by market forces and will rely on capital
 provided by self-interested shareholders. In this way, Jiang Zemin
 asserted, "China will establish highly competitive large enterprise groups
 with trans-regional, inter-trade â¦ and transnational
 operations.">sup>2>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N2R1111701788659 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 With the recent convening of the Fifteenth Party Congress, the issue of
 reforming China's state-owned enterprises has again received extensive
 coverage in the public media. There has been much talk of "privatization."
 The two speeches translated here, in this first of a two-part issue on
 China's state-owned enterprises, shed important background on the thinking
 of top officials in the months prior to the Fifteenth Party Congress. The
 first is by Wu Bangguo, member of the Politburo and vice premier in charge
 of the reform of state-owned enterprises. It was given as a speech to the
 Central Party School on October 25, 1996. The second is by Hong Hu, deputy
 director of the State Commission on Economic Restructuring, and was also
 given as a speech to the Central Party School on May 31, 1996.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong Hu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu 
Title: Our Understanding of Several Problems Concerning the Successful Reform of the State-Owned Economy (May 31, 1996) 
Abstract:
 The Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress has passed the
 "Ninth Five-Year Plan For the National Economy and Social Development and
 An Outline Program of Long-Range Goals For the Year 2010." This "Outline
 Program" brought up the proposal that, by the end of this century, we must
 comprehensively fulfill our second-step goals in the construction of
 modernization: Keep the population under 1.3 billion by the year 2000;
 achieve a quadrupling of 1980 per capita gross national product; basically
 eliminate poverty and achieve a moderate standard of prosperity in the
 lives of the people; speed up the construction of a modern entrepreneurial
 system and thus gradually establish a socialist market economic system. At
 this time, the people throughout the nation are fighting heroically and
 with great confidence for the accomplishment of this goal. The "Outline
 Program" pointed out that the key to the achieving of this monumental goal
 lies in bringing about two strategic transformations that will affect the
 total picture. The first is that the economic system itself must be
 transformed from a traditional planned economic system into a socialist
 market economic system. The second is that the mode of the growth of the
 economy must be transformed from an extensive to an intensive mode. In
 order to bring about these two fundamental transformations, we need to pay
 attention to two strategic foci: The first is in agriculture and the
 second is in the state-owned economy. Today, I would like to focus on
 analyzing the reform of the state-owned economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-93 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wu Bangguo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bangguo 
Title: Several Questions Concerning the Reform and Development of State-Owned Enterprises (October 25, 1996) 
Abstract:
 >i>Comrades:>/i> The leadership of the Central Party School wants me to
 introduce to you some of the current situation with regard to the reform
 and development of state-owned enterprises. In general, since the
 beginning of reform and opening up, our country's state-owned enterprises
 have continued to grow and get stronger in the course of deepening reform.
 In particular, in recent years, the dynamics of reform have intensified
 gradually and the pace has accelerated, and with that, we have made many
 fruitful explorations, blazed some paths, accumulated many valuable
 experiences, and achieved a certain measure of successâthe situation
 with regard to the reform and growth of state-owned enterprises is a good
 one. Nonetheless, in this process, there are indeed some difficulties and
 problems. With regard to the problems of the reform and growth of
 state-owned enterprises, in the following I shall share my opinions on
 three areas that seem to concern everyone. There are some other opinions
 that I have already shared at last year's Central Party School colloquium,
 and I shall not repeat them here.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-47 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Shijian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shijian 
Title: The Influence of the New Clinton Government on SinoâAmerican Economic and Trade Relations 
Abstract:
 In June 1995, when Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, SinoâAmerican
 relations fell to their lowest point since the establishment of diplomatic
 relations. In the spring of 1996, our troops conducted military maneuvers
 in the Taiwan Strait, and the United States dispatched two aircraft
 carriers to the Taiwan Strait to back up and encourage the Taiwan
 Independence forces. China and the United States were almost on the verge
 of "drawing swords and arming crossbows."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-89 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The nine selections translated in this issue are all broadly concerned
 with China's foreign economic relations. The first part of the issue
 addresses the relationship between attracting foreign investment and
 protecting China's national industries; the last part of the issue deals
 with SinoâAmerican economic relations. There is also a small section in
 the middle that presents the "dangers" facing China's international
 finances, although even here the questions of foreign investment and
 U.S.âChina relations are discussed. It is important to note that all of
 these articles stem from restricted circulation publications and were not
 intended for a general audience. They were written primarily as reference
 material for policymakers. Indeed, while some of the selections derive
 from intellectuals in think tanks such as the Chinese Academy of Social
 Sciences (CASS), others were written by researchers within the relevant
 ministries themselves. Thus, taken as a whole, the materials presented are
 far more candid in discussing the outside worldâparticularly the United
 Statesâthan would be the case in the official and openly circulated
 press. Similarly, there is more candor in addressing the problems China
 faces and the costs and benefits of various solutions being considered.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Jin Bei 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bei 
Title: National Industries Can Hardly Ride the Waves If They Do Not Weather Storms 
Abstract:
 In recent years, along with the opening of our domestic markets and the
 massive influx of foreign capital, China's national industries have come
 up against challenges of unprecedented magnitude. The markets for such
 products as cosmetics, beer, soft drinks, and home electrical appliances
 have been nibbled away one by one by foreign businesses, and our country's
 products are losing portion after portion of their original market share.
 Many people are ridden with anxiety about this; some are even raising a
 warning cry: "China's national industries are in their moment of greatest
 peril." How, in the final analysis, should we regard this issue in an
 all-around and objective manner? With this in mind, our reporter
 interviewed Dr. Jin Bei of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the
 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-59 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong Zhengyan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengyan 
Title: My Understanding of the Relationship Between Using Foreign Business Investments and Protecting National Industries 
Abstract:
 Using direct investments from abroad is an important component of China's
 opening up to the outside and is an effective way of using external
 resources for the purpose of speeding up China's economic construction.
 Since reform and openness, our country's work of utilizing foreign capital
 has scored enormous achievements. In recent years, along with the
 accelerating process of integration of the world economy and the increase
 in investments by transnational corporations, China's practice of
 utilizing foreign capital has come up against a new situation; new
 circumstances and new problems have arisen and new comments and views have
 also emerged in society with regard to the use of foreign capital. Some of
 the comments are highly critical of the use of foreign capital. Hence, a
 conscientious summing up of China's experience with direct foreign
 investment, an objective assessment of the position and effect of direct
 foreign investment in our country's construction of a socialist market
 economy, clarification of some muddled understanding in quarters concerned
 about the utilization of foreign capital, and, from there, a definition of
 the long-term strategy for China's use of foreign capital and the
 adjustment of relevant policies continue to be urgent tasks of real
 significance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-53 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Qixian 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qixian 
Title: Rational Thoughts on Reforming State-Owned Enterprises 
Abstract:
 The problem of reforming state-owned enterprises [SOEs] is currently a
 most critical issue in our country's economic development and economic
 reform; one may say that it is also a major and difficult hurdle that
 confronts us. At the moment, the large numbers of nonâstate-owned
 enterprises in our country, for the most part, are already basically able
 to operate in accordance with market-economic principles; what seriously
 lags behind are the SOEs. To date, with the exception of an extremely
 small number, the SOEs are still incompatible with the development of
 socialized mass production and with the market economy. Unless we break
 through this barrier, not only will we be unable to establish a socialist
 market economic system, but we will also be unable to bring about a benign
 cycle in the economy as a whole, or sustained, speedy, and healthy
 development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-92 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This second volume of a two-part issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i>,* on
 China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs), presents three articles that
 reflect very different points of view on the reform of SOEs and can give
 the reader a sense of some of the practical difficulties involved in
 reforming these industries. The first article, by Yang Famin of the
 Shaanxi Provincial Propaganda Department, conveys a sense of the feelings
 of being wronged held by at least some officials, and one presumes Party
 cadres in SOEs, in that interior province. He reflects the feeling that
 SOEs have contributed the most to China over the past five decades and are
 now being cast aside as so much "baggage" that needs to be "thrown off."
 At the same time, he argues, somewhat disingenuously, that SOEs have made
 huge sacrifices for reform and opening up, and have willingly accepted
 competitive disadvantages in order to promote other sectors of the
 economy. For instance, he argues that in the 1980s, as the township and
 village enterprises (TVEs) were being developed, SOEs continued to sell
 their products cheaply, to pay higher taxes, and to subsidize
 nonâstate-owned enterprises with insurance and personnel resources,
 subsidies that enabled TVEs to grow quickly. He also argues that SOEs
 suffered the burden of price reform because TVEs were allowed to adjust
 their prices freely while SOEs had to keep their prices low to help fight
 inflationary pressures.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Maolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maolin 
Title: A Survey of, and Thoughts on, the Work of Party Construction in State-Owned Enterprises 
Abstract:
 In order to seriously strengthen and improve the construction of the Party
 in the enterprises, and in order to motivate the Party organizations
 within the enterprises to go about launching their work enthusiastically
 amid the issues of deepening the reform, switching to new operational
 mechanisms, and raising the standards of economic efficiency, as well as
 to give the fullest play to their roles as the political centers of these
 enterprises, we conducted an investigative survey of the state of Party
 construction work in one hundred large and medium-sized state-owned
 enterprises.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-52 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Famin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Famin 
Title: The State-Owned Enterprises Pour Out Their Hearts 
Abstract:
 The issue of the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, which
 is closely related to the political principle of adhering to the system of
 public ownership as the core of our social and economic system, has
 increasingly become a hot subject of current discussion. Nonetheless,
 opinions on this issue are far from unified; different people have
 divergent views on the matter and opinions span the entire spectrum. How
 do the factory directors, managers, cadres, and workers in these
 state-owned enterprisesâthose who have themselves tasted of all the
 anguish and the bitter-sweetness of the issuesâlook at and deal with
 this problem? In the following, we have put together, in what we hope is a
 coherent way, a record of these people's pouring out of their hearts and
 their most sincere feelings on the matter.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Xueye (Rachel Yang) 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xueye (Rachel Yang) 
Title: Preface >b>December 1978. Depth of winter. China.>/b> 
Abstract:
 On the dry, cracked land of the northern Huai River region in Anhui
 Province, a small group of emaciated men sat trembling in a dirt hut under
 the dim light of a kerosene lamp as they signed their names to a piece of
 yellow paper. â¦ On the upper portion of the document was written: "We
 hereby pledge to divide the land to individual households. â¦ If it
 fails, we know we will lose our heads. We have arranged for our children
 to be cared for until the age of 18." These were common folks without much
 educationâperhaps no more than elementary schoolingâbut what they did
 that day was to release a force of social energy that could not be
 terminated.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-9 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Justin Yifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yifu 
Title: Introduction 
Abstract:
 In the contemporary world, all developed economies are based on the system
 of private ownership. Over the course of decades and, in some cases,
 hundreds of years of development, these economies had undergone a gradual
 transformation from traditional to modern societies. In the case of the
 former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, the introduction of a
 private system of ownership came very rapidly as their leaders reacted
 with immense frustration over the impoverished and underdeveloped state of
 their centrally planned economies. In China, however, the situation that
 has unfolded since the advent of the reforms in the late 1970s is
 completely different. Instead of trying to privatize the public system of
 state-owned enterprises, the focus has been on creating the necessary
 conditions for the development of a wholly separate private economy that
 would turn China into a rapidly developing though still transitional
 economy. The role that this rise of the private economy has played in the
 rapid growth in China is, therefore, an important topic for study. In her
 highly systematic and analytical study, Yang Xueye provides unique insight
 into these developments. Since the implementation of the reforms in 1978,
 the non-state sector has, she notes, grown much faster than the state-run
 economy and within the non-state sector the private economy has grown the
 fastest of all. By any account this is a valuable contribution to our
 understanding of the private economy in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-15 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Remember when studies of the Chinese economy dealt primarily with the
 "thought" of Communist Party leaders and the dicta of the Chinese state?
 When the "masses" were portrayed as happily embracing "socialism" in the
 countryside and city? When capitalism and markets were a demonic evil,
 promoted by equally malicious leaders such as Liu Shaoqi and Deng
 Xiaoping, and considered inappropriate to Chinese conditions? When Western
 visitors to China trekked into such places as the Dazhai agricultural
 brigade and the Daqing oil field to examine these "models" of economic and
 social development? When the likes of Chen Yonggui and Lei Feng were the
 subject of academic forums and collegial discussions at major
 universities? And Chinese sources on the economy were long on rhetoric and
 short on data? Well, as Dorothy said to Toto in >i>The Wizard of Oz>/i>,
 "We're not in Kansas anymore." China and Chinese studies have changed
 forever.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Yuansheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuansheng 
Title: Trends in the Transformation of the Structure of Ownership Systems in Our Country, and the General Direction of Development of the Private Economy 
Abstract:
 Last year, related government departments were able to calculate, on the
 basis of the statistics in the hands of the State Statistical Bureau, the
 relative weights, respectively, of the state-owned economic sector, the
 collective economies, and the economies that are not under the
 public-ownership system (which consist mainly of individual and private
 economies as well as foreign direct investment) in our country's gross
 domestic production since 1978. The results of this compilation are shown
 in Table 1.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-65 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=524T6UT0T1170176 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 In recent years, the rapid growth of the non-state economy, particularly
 the emergence of a significant private sector, has touched off new debates
 about whether China is remaining on the socialist road. In this and the
 next issue, >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> translates several recent articles
 that look at the size and developmental trends of the non-state economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H1K3159262855279 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Renliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renliang 
Title: An Analysis and Forecast of the Growth of Economies Under Various Types of Ownership Systems in the Year 1997 
Abstract:
 Although the proportion that the state-owned economic sector makes up in
 the national economy has been declining from year to year since the
 beginning of reform and opening up, it nonetheless remains in a dominant
 position today. Up to 1995, the largest contribution to the state's annual
 fiscal revenues has come from the state-owned economic sector,
 representing 65.8 percent and giving it the dominant position. The
 state-owned economy holds a position of absolute predominance in certain
 industrial sectors that are critical to the nation's economy as a whole
 and to the livelihood of the entire population. For example, the
 energy-resource industries, the postal-service industry, and the
 telecommunications industries are almost 100 percent in the hands of the
 state-owned economy; within the transportation industrial sector, the
 railroads and the long-distance maritime transportation industry are
 basically controlled by the state-owned economy; of the total amount of
 goods transported and handled by the transportation industrial sector as a
 whole, more than 97 percent is handled by state-owned economies. Although
 the nonâstate-owned economy has already come to manage a considerable
 portion of the value-added communications industry and the non-basic
 communications industry, state-owned economies remain the primary force in
 the basic communications service industrial sector. In recent years, banks
 operating under a shareholding system, credit cooperatives and credit
 unions, and nonâstate-owned insurance companies have experienced
 relatively rapid growth, and have come to occupy a considerable share of
 the market in these financial industries; and yet, in the financial
 industrial sector as a whole, the state-owned banks continue to control
 over 90 percent of the deposit and loan business in banking, and the
 People's Insurance Corporation [a state-owned economic entity] controls
 more than 90 percent of all insurance business in the nation. Furthermore,
 in the stocks and securities industry, the state-owned securities
 corporations remain dominant. In the manufacturing industrial sector, the
 state-owned economy continues to make up a very large proportion of all
 the major industries and trades. In 1995, 78.1 percent of the overall
 output value of mining industries, 67.5 percent of the output of raw
 industrial material, and 78.5 percent of the output in the
 electrical-power, gas, and water-supply industries were all under the
 state-owned economy. In the processing industries sector, the share of the
 state-owned economy is relatively less, but even here, if we were to
 define enterprises in which state ownership controls more than 50 percent
 of the stocks/shares as part of the state-owned economy, there would be a
 substantial increase in the state-owned economic sector's share of the
 output in the processing industries as well.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-54 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Xiangdong 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiangdong 
Title: On the Basic Current Conditions, Industrial and Trade Structures, and IndustrialâRegional Distribution of NonâState-Owned Economies in Our Country 
Abstract:
 For more than the past decade there has been a period of rapid growth of
 the nonâstate-owned economy in our country. In the period from 1978 to
 1994, the following areas of the nonâstate-owned economic sector and
 their average annual growth rates were: number of people employed, 8.8
 percent; gross industrial output value in this sector, 28.2 percent; gross
 amount of retail commodity sales, 28.2 percent; and amount of fiscal
 revenue submitted to the government, 16.9 percent. In each case, these
 figures are far greater than those that pertain to the state-owned
 economic sector. In view of this, the relative weight of the
 nonâstate-owned economy in terms of [its contribution to] the number of
 nonagriculturally employed workers [in the economy as a whole] has risen
 from 36.5 percent in 1978 to 60.1 percent in 1993. The industrial output
 value accounted for by the nonâstate-owned sector has also risen from
 22.4 percent of the total [in 1978] to 65.9 percent [in 1993]. Whereas in
 1978 the nonâstate-owned economy accounted for 45.4 percent of the gross
 amount of retail sales of commodities in the national economy, in 1993,
 that figure rose to 68.1 percent, while its share of the fiscal revenues
 submitted to the government increased in the same period from 13.2 percent
 to 34.3 percent. Taking all of this into consideration, we may rightfully
 state the basic fact that the nonâstate-owned economy already makes up,
 or occupies, half of the national economy as a whole. In the following
 article we shall examine the state of development and growth in the
 various categories and types of nonâstate-owned economies in the past
 dozen years or so.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-91 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 1997 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W01JTN426501703T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Li-tien 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li-tien 
Author-Name: Wen Chien 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chien 
Title: A Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between the Rate of Growth of Productivity And the average wage 
Abstract:
 The relationship between the rate of growth of productivity and the
 average wage is an important one that reflects the interdependence of
 production and consumption in the process of social reproduction on an
 expanding scale. Under socialism, a correct understanding of this
 relationship not only has economic meaning in proportionately raising the
 rate of growth of the national product, but it also has political meaning
 in properly handling the internal contradictions among the people. The
 purpose of this paper, however, is not to study the overall relationship,
 but to focus on such factors as the quantitative relationships between the
 rate of growth of productivity and the average wage â in particular, the
 ratio between accumulation and consumption, the ratio between the two
 large departments of production, and the increase in labor productivity.
 Comrades, your comments and criticism are welcome.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-91 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=042R1KHX09847V23 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This second part of a two-part issue on China's private economy in >i>The
 Chinese Economy>/i> introduces readers to some of the range of debate that
 has developed in recent years around the rapid development of the private
 economy. Although economic trends suggest that the private economy will
 continue to grow rapidly in the coming years, these articles suggest that
 both practical problems and ideological objections are likely to shape the
 pace and role that China's private economy will play. For instance, the
 first article translated here, "A Research Report on the NonâState-Owned
 Economy in Our Country," by three researchers of the "NonâState-Owned
 Economies" Research Group of the State Planning Commission, presents a
 very positive picture of the role that the private economy is playing (and
 will play) in China. This positive assessment is itself interesting
 because the State Planning Commission has traditionally played the role of
 bulwark of the planned economy. As positive as the picture portrayed by
 the authors is, they nevertheless also note the ways in which the private
 economy clashes with China's social structure and culture, both
 traditional and contemporary. The areas of conflict include a weak legal
 tradition, a diminished moral sense that guides activities in this sector,
 and cultural biases that emphasize personal relations and work against
 marketizing forces. Such weaknesses can be corrected only over a long
 period of time.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1242437W82W67H82 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yi Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Various Materials on the Problem of the Privately Run Economy 
Abstract:
 The term "privately run economy," at the present stage [of development] in
 our country, refers to economic elements in which the assets of the
 enterprise belong to private individuals and are under a private ownership
 system, in which there is a set of labor relationships in which workers
 are hired for pay, and in which eight or more such hired workers are
 employed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7736Q33925887R74 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tan Jingsong 
Author-X-Name-First: Tan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jingsong 
Title: The Privately Run Economy Is Not the Foundation of the Socialist Economy 
Abstract:
 We have always claimed that the system of public ownership is the
 foundation of the socialist economy; well, then, can we also claim that
 the privately run economy makes up a part of the foundation of a socialist
 economy, given that the privately run economic sector also makes
 contributions to the growth of the national economy, also arranges for and
 creates jobs for large numbers of the employed, and furthermore, also pays
 taxes to the state, as required by the law? (>i>Jingji zongheng [The
 Length and Breadth of the Economy]>/i>, no. 3, 1996, p. 7)
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-54 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E6585Q24082366N1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Yanling 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanling 
Title: An Overview of the Discussion on the Question of the Natures of the Privately Run Economy and the Proprietors of Privately Run Enterprises 
Abstract:
 With regard to the question of the natures of the privately run economy
 and of the proprietors of privately run enterprises in our country at this
 time, there are a variety of different understandings and opinions among
 theoreticians on the subject. In the following [article] we will provide
 an overview of some of the major points of view.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-69 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KT053J7N832244XU 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bai Yongxiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Bai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongxiu 
Author-Name: Ma Xiaoqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoqiang 
Title: Questioning the Formulation "People-Run Economy" 
Abstract:
 >p>In recent years, the formulation "people-run economy" >i>[minying
 jingji]>/i> has emerged with increasing frequency in all sorts of
 documents and literature in the field of economic studies and in the news
 media. In the beginning, people started to use the term, "people-run
 economy," to refer to economies that were under the nonpublic system of
 ownership; however, in reality, it has proved to be a very vague and
 ambiguous concept, and one that has caused a certain degree of confusion
 both in theory and practice. Its unscientific character has been
 manifested in the following areas:>/p>>p>First, the formulation
 "people-run economy" fails to reflect accurately or precisely the nature
 and character of the variety of types and forms of economies included
 within the scope of the term with regard to the ownership systems to which
 they would belong, and, therefore, the use of the term merely serves to
 blur people's lines of vision.>/p>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M1180X6096T35548 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pan Zhengqiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Pan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengqiu 
Title: Two Problems to Which We Must Pay Attention as We Develop the Privately Owned Economy 
Abstract:
 Given that our country is in the primary stage of socialism, and that we
 do not have a high degree of socialization in our society's
 productionâand, furthermore, that our production has the character of
 being multileveledâit is entirely necessary that [at this stage] we
 permit, and, indeed, encourage, the appropriate development of the
 privately owned economy. It is very much the correct thing to do. However,
 at the same time, we must firmly uphold the premise that, in terms of [the
 ownership of] the means of production >i>[shengchan ziliao]>/i>, the
 public-ownership system must remain as the dominant core.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q7740512876436TL 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 "The driving force in society" is how Rachel Yang characterizes the role
 of the private economy in China. A country that for decades was proclaimed
 by its domestic and foreign promoters as a Socialist "utopia" and
 Communist "heaven" with an economy that magically avoided inflation and
 created full employment with equality for all is now being transformed,
 not by the "almighty state" with its awesome bureaucratic power and
 tenacious network of industrial combines but by individual and family
 entrepreneursâthe "little guy" who for years was all but ignored in the
 march to national greatness and historical pomposity. China will never be
 the same, but Yang realizes in this, the second installment of >i>Chinese
 Renaissance: The Reemergence of a Private Economy in China>/i>, that,
 although "challenged," the "old system" of a centrally planned economy in
 which anything and everything "public" was considered superior to the
 "private" sector is far from dead. China is still led by a cabal of
 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders who, despite their agonizing
 recognition that reform in the direction of the market is necessary,
 cannot quite let go of their own admiration for the socialist system and
 its massive bureaucracies and cadres corps that provide such comfort and
 power. The market with its millions of private actors operating according
 to supply and demand must be accorded its place in "modern China," but the
 folks at the top still do not like it. The market reeks of everything that
 the old bureaucratic system was not: It is impersonal, efficient, and,
 worse yet, not amenable to the control of a single leader with his great
 "thoughts" and "visions." And so irrespective of all the favorable
 decisions toward reform rendered by recent CCP conferences and
 deliberations, the battle, the author contends, is far from over. Even as
 it concedes more space to market forces, the government has a vast array
 of powerful assets to block and make life difficult for private
 entrepreneurs and workersâto wit, the system of household registration
 >i>[hukou]>/i>, the labor allocation system, and the long-term effects of
 the rural-urban split that still impedes labor and capital mobility.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K05L42K675T117TM 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Tong 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tong 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> documents the history of China's
 tortuous search for fiscal regimes from 1971 to 1998. The frequent regime
 changes and their short longevity, many lasting only one to two years,
 indicate the instability of China's fiscal management system in this
 period. They underscore the complexity of China's fiscal problems, the
 difficulty in trade-offs among fiscal capacity, macroeconomic
 stabilization, and interregional equality. They illustrate why some fiscal
 regimes were chosen over othersâhow perceived strength in the
 institutional design gave way to unintended policy consequences, and led
 to their successive demise. They detail the contractual arrangements
 between the center and the provinces, the many ways they agreed to slice
 the budgetary pie, and the numerous changes in their respective revenue
 sources and spending responsibilities. Together, they constitute the
 documentary history of China's fiscal system in the past three decades.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-21 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6781612625M3LN46 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Angang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angang 
Title: Background to Writing the Report on State Capacity 
Abstract:
 >i>1. The background to writing this "Report on State Capacity":>/i> The
 fact that the relationship between the central government and the local
 governments is one of the chief contradictions and points of conflict in
 China's society [today].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-29 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H88238G3464231Q2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Angang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angang 
Title: An Arduous and Difficult Institutional Innovation 
Abstract:
 Beginning on New Year's Day in 1994, the Chinese government formally
 inaugurated the implementation of a system of tax sharing between the
 central government and local governments. This was taken to be one of the
 most important and wide-ranging institutional innovations in our nation
 since the founding of the People's Republic, as well as a major adjustment
 in the configuration of the relationship between the Center and the
 localities in terms of their relative and mutual interests. This
 innovation has brought forth widespread interest and concern on the part
 of all social circles both in China and abroad, over such issues as what
 sorts of influences [the implementation of] the tax-sharing system over
 the past two years has had on China's economic growth, on the fiscal
 revenues and expenditures of the central government, and on the conditions
 of the fiscal revenues and expenditures of the localities, and how we
 might objectively and fairly evaluate the effects of this institutional
 innovation, and so on. The following paper will attempt to provide a
 preliminary analysis of these problems.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-96 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U603457758821587 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Fiscal reform has been at the center of many debates in recent years in
 China, particularly the debates concerning centralâlocal relations.
 Beginning in 1994, China began to implement a "tax-sharing system" to
 replace the fiscal contracting system it had employed throughout the
 reform era. The tax-sharing system established a national tax system
 separate from the local tax offices of the provinces, though many
 concessions to provincial interests made it questionable whether the
 central government would be able to tax the revenue sources it hoped to
 tax. >i>Chinese Economic Studies>/i>, vol. 28, nos. 3 and 4 (MayâJune
 and JulyâAugust 1995) published a full translation of Hu Angang and Wang
 Shaoguang's influential 1993 report, >i>Jiaqiang zhongyang zhengfu zai
 shichang zhuanxing zhong de zhudao zuoyong: Guanyu Zhongguo guojia nengli
 de yanjiu baogao>/i> (Strengthen the Leading Role of the Central
 Government in the Transition to the Market: A Research Report on China's
 State Capacity). This report, which strongly advocated abandoning fiscal
 contracting in favor of tax sharing and raised fears that China might face
 political disintegration if it did not take immediate steps to increase
 the capacity of the central government, became a focal point in these
 debates.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y254G463GGQ586J7 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 >i>Gongxi facai, hongbao zailai>/i>â"money"-"money"-"money"-"money"
 makes the world go around, and the Chinese people, Rachel Yang argues in
 this third and last segment of "Chinese Renaissance," love it. More than
 any society on earth, China is enthralled with the almighty buck, so much
 so that it pervades every nook and cranny of everyday life and even its
 cultural traditions. Offer a product with the number "8" in it and Chinese
 will rush to the stores in droves to buy it. Why? Because "8" is
 pronounced >i>ba>/i> in Chinese, which rhymes with >i>fa>/i>, meaning to
 make a fortune. Own anything with this magical number and great wealth is
 right around the corner. The venerable sages of Chinese traditional
 philosophy and historyâConfucius and Menciusâmay have preached
 "benevolence and morality" as life's ultimate ideals, but they, too, loved
 money and saw august service to the state as merely a route to riches.
 Indeed, all the major social groups throughout Chinese historyâfrom the
 imperial family and religious groups to vagabonds and the general
 populaceâhave pursued wealth with a vengeance. The anti-capitalist ethos
 of "socialist" China under Mao Zedong was a sham. Since the introduction
 of the reforms in 1978, the >i>real>/i> China has emerged: Avaricious and
 rapacious, China's millions are now engaged in a headlong rush to become
 wealthy, and nothingâneither the CCP nor the Westâis about to stop
 them.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F24734087M383X80 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ye Juying 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Juying 
Title: Document 11 
Abstract:
 Sustainable development emphasizes the coordinated development of
 population, resources, the environment, and the economy with all social
 systems. Population development indicates the process of change in a
 country or region's population numbers, quality, and structure, and is a
 core factor in determining sustainable development. Therefore, an
 examination of the mutual relations between Zhejiang's population
 development and its economically sustainable development from the
 perspective of sustainable development, clearly has great significance for
 protecting Zhejiang's capacity for sustainable economic and social
 development into the next century.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-91 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4801102256456337 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Forste 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forste 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The articles translated in this issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> focus
 on the economic and population structure of Zhejiang, one of the most
 economically successful provinces of the reform period, and help to
 explain the paradoxical nature of the structures that have emerged and the
 problems these pose for the province's continued economic development and
 social progress.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G72007278311V160 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shen Guangming 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guangming 
Title: Document 8 
Abstract:
 During the eighteen years of reform and opening to the outside, Zhejiang's
 use of foreign investment has attained a certain scale, has increased in
 quality and volume, and has played an important role in the development of
 an open-style economy. However, as a relatively advanced coastal province,
 compared with its sister provinces and cities, Zhejiang started late in
 utilizing foreign investment and the gap is quite large. What should
 arouse our attention even more is the trend of this gap to widen
 continuously. As a result, there has already been an obvious effect on the
 gap in the rate, quality, and efficiency of economic growth, and
 competitive advantage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-70 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J7M2438706576162 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Zhanheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhanheng 
Title: Document 1 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-20 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JN4124J21K862450 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Yuanhuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanhuan 
Author-Name: Wang Jianyu 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianyu 
Title: Document 10 
Abstract:
 In studying the development process, features, and trends of Zhejiang's
 regional economy, it is not difficult to come up with the thesis of
 "Zhejiang's two centers." The theory of Zhejiang's two centers refers to
 Hangzhou as Zhejiang's political, cultural, and tourist center, and Ningbo
 as its economic, commercial, and port and sea-trading center.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-83 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K4U52T8N6P160430 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Renshou 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renshou 
Title: Document 2 
Abstract:
 Different stages of economic development require different solutions for
 major tasks. The present stage of economic development is industrial in
 nature, and the scale and level of industrial development for a country or
 region decide, to a great extent, the features, strength, and stamina of
 its national economy. Therefore, a correct understanding of the stage that
 Zhejiang's industrialization has reached is the major prerequisite for
 grasping trends in economic development and probing a train of thought for
 economic work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-25 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MM7761K5U854U4W6 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Yannian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yannian 
Author-Name: Wu Hongchuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongchuan 
Author-Name: Chen Xiong 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiong 
Author-Name: Ying Xiong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiong 
Title: Document 6 
Abstract:
 In the first half of 1997, the output value of township and village
 enterprises [hereafter TVEs] in Zhejiang came to RMB 384.9 billion (in
 present prices), an increase of 19.4 percent over the same period for
 1996, which was a slowing of 25.2 points. Looking at industry from the two
 points of hamlet and above and hamlet and below, the output of village and
 hamlet second-level enterprises rose by 10.6 percent, a reduction of 21.1
 points, while industry below the hamlet level, that is cooperative
 business, and individual and private enterprise, rose by 26.3 percent, a
 fall of 29 points, and their share of TVE industry rose from 57.2 percent
 to 59.3 percent. Revenue from realized sales came to RMB 326.2 billion, an
 increase of 7.7 percent and a fall of 26.4 points. TVE industry in the
 province remitted taxes of RMB 8.6 billion, a rise of 10.5 percent, but
 represented a slowing of 3.5 points, and realized profits of RMB 16.2
 billion grew by 19.2 percent, a slowing of 11.2 points. Based on an
 investigation and understanding of the situation, and a thorough
 comparative analysis, the main reasons for the slackening in growth rates
 in this sector are as follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-53 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuo Yongliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongliang 
Title: Document 3 
Abstract:
 In reviewing the process of system transformation in Zhejiang's economy,
 we can see that it has unfolded on two fronts: first, government-induced
 reform of the planned economic system, which operates from top to bottom;
 and second, rural residents who rely on their creative activities to form
 system arrangements. This is a grassroots and popular system
 transformation from bottom to top. In relation to the latter front, we can
 see that simultaneously with the development of independent, creative
 activities from the grassroots and the masses come specially designated
 system arrangements that are the mutual cause and effect of the
 development of the productive forces. Thus, it is believed that a certain
 development in the productive forces must be accompanied by certain system
 arrangements and development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-31 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R5V4135036466247 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:31:y:1998:i:6:p:26-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Wangming 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wangming 
Author-Name: Ye Xinyue 
Author-X-Name-First: Ye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xinyue 
Author-Name: Yang Jianjun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianjun 
Title: Document 9 
Abstract:
 Land and resources in Zhejiang and Guangdong are similar: Both have little
 land, many people, and a high population density. Looking at the
 topographical structure, the area of hills and mountains in the two
 provinces is quite large, with few plains, which are distributed primarily
 along the coast. Both provinces are described as "seven parts mountains,
 one part water, and two parts land." Additionally, both provinces have
 good ports, rich fishing resources, and unreclaimed coastal areas as
 back-up resources. But with its location not as good as Guangdong's,
 Zhejiang enjoyed fewer state preferential policies and at a later date.
 The provincial capital [Hangzhou] suffers from restrictions on its
 administrative districts and the demands of the nature of the city; the
 population and scale of economic concentration are less than in Guangzhou.
 It also lacks direct contact points with international related networks,
 is a non-entry port, and has a low degree of openness to the outside.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-74 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T576U6023K158156 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Bijian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijian 
Title: Document 5 
Abstract:
 Contradictions in the structure of industrial development are always
 present, and in different stages of economic development they reveal
 themselves in different ways. Entering the 1990s, we find the gradual
 transition from a seller's to a buyer's market, increased market
 constraints, a rise in cost of key inputs, and a daily intensification of
 competition. Industrial development faces the problem of product market
 realization. This is a basic reflection of the structural contradiction.
 Looking at Zhejiang, the following three contradictions are salient.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-47 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 1998 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfgang Ernst 
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ernst 
Title: The Foreign Trade Policy of The Mao Tse-Tung Clique 
Abstract:
 China's economy recovered from the war devastation during the first three
 years, 1950-1952, after the founding of the People's Republic. Practically
 all production in the branches of the economy either reached or surpassed
 the record of old China. The first five-year plan was launched in 1953,
 and gross industrial output increased during the plan period by 120%,
 while agricultural output rose by 25%. It was in that period that the
 Chinese people â through their own efforts, under the leadership of the
 Communist Party, and with the help of the socialist countries,
 particularly the Soviet Union â successfully laid the foundation for the
 further development of socialism and socialist industrialization. And it
 was through the active assistance of the Soviet Union that 156 projects
 were built during the first plan period.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=745773016140324L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iu. V. Vladimirov 
Author-X-Name-First: Iu. V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vladimirov 
Title: The Question of Soviet-Chinese Economic Relations in 1950-1966 
Abstract:
 The events that have been taking place in China in recent years indicate
 most eloquently that the Maoist group, which has usurped power in the
 nation with the help of armed force, has openly adopted a policy that
 directly contradicts Marxism -Leninism and proletarian internationalism.
 Openly ignoring the interests of all present-day revolutionary forces, the
 Maoists have plunged China into an abyss of economic, political, and
 military adventures that have compromised the cause of socialism in that
 country and imperiled the socialist attainments of the Chinese people.
 They have led to a weakening of the socialist camp, to serious discord in
 the international communist movement, and have thereby dealt a
 considerable blow to the victory of socialism throughout the entire world.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N48X9476737W433X 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klaus Maehnel 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maehnel 
Title: The Economic Policy of the Mao Tse-Tung Clique 
Abstract:
 It has been two years since the launching of the so-called Great
 Proletarian Cultural Revolution by the leadership of the Chinese Communist
 Party under the direction of Mao Tsetung. The circles around Mao tried to
 use this campaign as a means to suppress by force the increasing
 discontent of the rank and file, of the workers and peasants, and of the
 progressive intelligentsia with the erroneous domestic and foreign
 policies of the Chinese leadership. By means of terror and a tense
 atmosphere intentionally created by the Red Guards, they hoped to silence
 the protests of the enlightened elements and to pave the way for a new
 "Great Leap Forward."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-69 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P2781041G0536K06 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Yifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yifu 
Title: Experiences and Lessons for China from the East Asian Financial Crisis 
Abstract:
 The East Asian Financial Crisis that started last year has had an enormous
 impact on the economies of Asia and other regions. The economies of South
 Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia have lost nearly U.S. $600
 billion, and the per capita income levels in these countries, in terms of
 U.S. dollars, have all at once moved back more than a decade.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-32 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=066707663R61QU77 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Bingcai 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bingcai 
Title: What China Has Seen from the Southeast Asian Monetary Crisis 
Abstract:
 While many explanations have been given for the Southeast Asian monetary
 crisis, none are adequate, and politicians and academic circles hold
 differing views. In my opinion, the Southeast Asian monetary crisis may be
 attributed to two basic causes. The first is speculation. There would have
 been no crisis if not for speculation. The second is excessive belief in
 the benefits of deregulation. Therefore, short-term capital frequently
 found its way into Thailand, and all capital of this nature seeks quick
 returns. The booming development of the Thai economy to a very large
 extent acquired impetus from investments of short-term capital. Such
 economic growth is unstable, and also does not constitute substantial
 economic growth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-7 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2317P12G00414033 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nie Changhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Nie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Changhong 
Title: International Financial Crises 
Abstract:
 Since the 1990s, financial crises, with monetary crises as their starting
 point, have broken out three times in succession in the world, in some
 countries ultimately resulting in an economic crisis and even bringing on
 economic panic.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-51 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=46U77242673132W5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong He 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Title: Dispel the Effect of the "Crisis" and Maintain the Growth Momentum 
Abstract:
 The prospects of the Southeast Asian financial crisis are as yet difficult
 to predict. In order to realize sustained and sound development of China's
 national economy, we must focus on successfully accomplishing the
 following things: Further expand domestic demand, expand foreign trade
 imports, do a good job of attracting and utilizing foreign capital,
 strengthen foreign exchange and foreign debt management, strengthen
 financial supervision, and guard against and dispel financial hazards.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-74 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=68XM81842N131L29 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ji Ke 
Author-X-Name-First: Ji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ke 
Title: There Is Truly No Need to Devalue the Renminbi 
Abstract:
 According to conventional theory, the renminbi should devalue after the
 currency devaluations in Southeast Asia; otherwise our country's exports
 and international competitiveness will face considerable pressure. Some
 people maintain that failure to devalue the renminbi will be
 disadvantageous for China's 1998 export growth and for increasing
 international competitiveness. The devaluation of the renminbi or the
 increase of export tax rebates have thus become a necessity for export
 growth and even for economic growth in 1998.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E381G6125HJ8176N 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Jianren 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianren 
Title: The Underlying Reasons for the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis and the Effects of the Crisis on Our Country 
Abstract:
 The Mexican financial crisis broke out at the end of 1994, reached its
 most serious stage in the first quarter of 1995, and had basically
 concluded in the first half of 1995; by the end of 1995 Mexico had shaken
 off the crisis. The Southeast Asian crisis, on the other hand, broke out
 in early July 1997, has gone through three high tides, and is showing
 signs of becoming increasingly severe. In the main, only one
 countryâMexicoâwas hurt by the Mexican crisis, whereas the majority of
 the Southeast Asian countries have been hurt by the Southeast Asian
 crisis. The damage caused by the Mexican crisis was limited to one
 locality in Latin America, whereas the Southeast Asian crisis has not only
 directly inhibited economic growth in the East Asian region, it has also
 affected the United States and Europe and reduced the economic growth rate
 of the entire world by 1 percentage point. The United States and the
 International Monetary Fund (IMF) used funds amounting to between U.S. $40
 billion and U.S. $50 billion to rescue Mexico from its crisis. This time,
 however, the IMF used U.S. $57 billion to assist South Korea, and the IMF,
 the World Bank, and the United States have, up to now, thrown U.S. $113
 billion into a rescue action to assist East Asia. This is much more than
 was used in Mexico, but the amount is far from sufficient. It is estimated
 that the crisis has already caused bad debts of more than U.S. $100
 billion for Southeast Asian banks, and South Korea's bad debts also
 surpass U.S. $100 billion. The Southeast Asian financial crisis has
 damaged the countries in that region not only by greatly depreciating
 their currencies, but also by sharply curtailing their economic growth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J850244426242L0H 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Title: How Is China to Avoid Financial Crisis? 
Abstract:
 The Thai financial crisis was touched off by the fact that Thailand became
 intoxicated with its achievements in economic growth, that it hoped to
 replace Hong Kong as an international center of finance, and opened up its
 capital market too quickly, with the result that international speculative
 capital entered in a big way and continuously impacted the fixed exchange
 rate system, forcing Thailand and other Southeast Asian currencies to
 devaluate by 30 percent. The same thing happened in Mexico a few years
 ago; its unfavorable trade balance was more than 10 percent of its GNP,
 its foreign debt was 50 percent higher than its gross domestic investment,
 and the proportion of speculative capital in its foreign funds reached 70
 percent, thus providing the conditions for the outbreak of its financial
 crisis. In this sense, the fact that international speculative capital can
 hardly impact China is related to China's slow opening up to the outside,
 and especially to the fact that the capital market has not been opened up
 in an overall manner to foreign capital and that the renminbi has not been
 made entirely freely convertible. Moreover, 80 percent of the foreign
 funds brought into China consists of direct investment, the central
 monetary authorities control the appreciation of the renminbi, and a
 favorable trade balance has been maintained over the years. The reform of
 the foreign trade system and the contributions made by township
 enterprises to exports, the lowering of wage standards by the influx of
 peasant labor into the cities, and the reconfiguration and reorganization
 of state-owned enterprises have enabled China's products to maintain their
 international competitiveness. Foreign capital has not yet entered China's
 finance and insurance services to a significant extent. All these
 voluntary measures and objective circumstances with regard to opening up
 to the outsideâor, one could say, the fact that China's opening up to
 the outside has not yet been fully implementedâhave saved us from the
 full impact of the international financial crisis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Qigui 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qigui 
Title: Get to the Troubles Before They Come to Your Door What We Should Prepare for as Seen from the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis 
Abstract:
 The Southeast Asian financial crisis has become a worldwide hot point of
 attention, and people everywhere are turning their eyes toward China.
 China and the Southeast Asian countriesâThailand, Malaysia, Indonesia,
 and the Philippinesâall face the urgent task of developing their
 economies and of raising their peoples' living standard, and they must
 have ample investment of funds if they are to maintain a relatively high
 rate of economic growth. However, one point shared by China and the
 Southeast Asian countries is that all are very short of funds. Under these
 circumstances, will a financial crisis occur in China? In my opinion, this
 is not a zero possibility, for hazards do exist in the domain of China's
 international financing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N824826T73H3H408 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Shouchen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shouchen 
Title: The Japanese Economy in Deep Crisis 
Abstract:
 The "Japan is Number One" hullabaloo had not yet died down, when the world
 press did a 180 degree turn and began to report "the star of the world
 economy has fallen," and "Japan is sinking." After all, what is wrong with
 the Japanese economy? Can it succeed in getting through the current
 economic crisis and in making a new comeback?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Qian 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian 
Title: Different Viewpoints Concerning the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis 
Abstract:
 In the latter half of 1997, the monetary crisis that took place in
 Thailand triggered a financial crisis in Southeast Asia. The effects were
 soon felt in South Korea and Japan. Subsequently, other regions and
 countries of the world were adversely affected. In their analyses of the
 causes and their forecasts of development prospects, academic circles in
 China and abroad hold different viewpoints.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q872630618043315 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Jianing 
Author-X-Name-First: Wei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianing 
Title: Revelations from the "Governmental Dysfunction" in Southeast Asia 
Abstract:
 Just as people were celebrating the "East Asian miracle" and affirming the
 role of "government action" (>i>zhengfu zuoyong>/i>), a financial storm
 broke out in 1997 that started in Southeast Asia, spread to Northeast
 Asia, and is affecting the rest of the world. Therefore, some people on
 the international scene have begun to query the East Asian model whereby
 governments play a leading role, and some people even maintain that the
 "East Asian miracle" has never existed and that "failure of government" is
 the fundamental reason for the present financial crisis. Actually, when we
 encourage the development of a market economy, we frequently mention its
 fairness and emphasize one of its featuresâequitability. However, we
 often overlook another of its aspectsâthat the superficial equitability
 of the market conceals actual inequitiesâlatecomers often find
 themselves at a disadvantage. In circumstances whereby the developed
 countries and transnational corporations have already achieved absolute
 supremacy, the newer developing countries cannot get on their feet unless
 there is government action. Of course, after getting on their feet, they
 may fall down again, but without government action the developing
 countries would never be able to get on their feet! The essential thing is
 that after standing up with the assistance of government action, we must
 promptly change our "posture," our center of gravity, and voluntarily cede
 our position to market regulation; otherwise we are likely to fall down
 again. In that case, what revelations do we derive from the "governmental
 dysfunction" in Southeast Asia?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-62 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V68183X762226331 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Zhenshe 
Author-X-Name-First: Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenshe 
Title: The South Korean Financial Crisis and Its Revelations 
Abstract:
 In the fourth quarter of 1997, a serious financial crisis took place in
 South Korea. The exchange rate and stock price index plunged sharply,
 credit interest rates zoomed upward, South Korea's foreign debt payments
 capability dried up, bank credit fell disastrously, and the financial
 order descended into chaos. Scholars in China and abroad believe that,
 although the South Korean financial crisis is closely connected with such
 factors as the Southeast Asian financial crisis, the devaluation of the
 Japanese yen, and the activities of international speculative forces, the
 principal causes are internal.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V69V2721815U2764 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Qigui 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qigui 
Title: The East Asian Economic Model Bears Bitter Fruit 
Abstract:
 The connotations of the East Asian economic model may be discussed on the
 basis of three aspects. First, it is the concept of a market-economy
 management method as represented by Japan, a sort of market economy of the
 government-guided pattern (>i>zhengfu zhudao xing de shichang jingji
 tizhi>/i>). Second, it is the concept of a market-economy development
 orientation (>i>shichang jingji fazhan daoxiang>/i>), a kind of
 outward-oriented economy with foreign trade growth as its guiding
 mechanism. Third, it places extremely great importance on the productive
 forces, especially on those of the mother country. Japan's modernization
 began with traditional industries and step by step developed toward the
 high-end technology and information industries that created a large number
 of world-class enterprises and brand names. The same thing goes for South
 Korea. In these three respects, the first connotation is subordinate to
 the second; in other words, the market economy of the government-guided
 pattern serves the strategy of the outward-oriented economy. And the first
 and second connotations both exist in terms of the third connotation; in
 other words, the market economy of the government-guided pattern and the
 outward-oriented economic strategy both serve the development of the
 domestic forces of production. Proof of this is the strategy that
 stipulates the build up of the nation by means of technology put forward
 by Japan in the 1980s and the strategy that stipulates the build up of the
 nation by means of science and technology formulated by South Korea in the
 early 1990s. Hence, the chief characteristic of the East Asian economic
 model is that the government plays a most important and guiding role in
 economic operations and development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-87 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Rosen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The fourteen selections translated here were published in China between
 November 15, 1997, and July 8, 1998. Because all but two appeared in 1998,
 by which time the main parameters of the "Asian financial crisis" had
 become clear, they should provide a reasonably accurate picture of the
 recommendations Chinese economists and other policy analysts were offering
 to Chinese government officials. Indeed, all the publications used for
 this issue are considered "internal" (>i>neibu>/i>) and are not generally
 available to the larger society. The limited exposure of such publications
 allows the authors to write relatively freely and to suggest strategies
 that might not be acceptable for dissemination in open publications.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y3L8128202G53847 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Between the beginning of 1995 and September 1997, when the Fifteenth Party
 Congress was convened in Beijing, Chinese political waters were roiled by
 the exchange of heated polemics as political leaders jockeyed for position
 and tried to influence the outcome of the congress. This was a period of
 leadership transition in which Deng Xiaoping apparently became
 incapacitated before finally expiring in February 1997. Although Jiang
 Zemin had served as general secretary since June 1989, his position was
 not necessarily secure, and the policy direction he would follow was also
 uncertain. It was, in short, a period of high stakes politics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=36404UU5G0WH4066 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li Youwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Youwei 
Title: Reflections on Certain Problems Regarding the Ownership System 
Abstract:
 In my most recent stint at the Central Party School, I conscientiously
 studied Marxist theory on the ownership system, and I also reflected on
 these theories on the basis of the practical experience of reform and
 opening up in Shenzhen. I have gained some new understanding, and I would
 like to write these ideas down and to present them to my teachers and
 comrades to ask for their instruction.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L3M6884114J6124P 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xin Mao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mao 
Title: Reform and Economic Man 
Abstract:
 China's reform and opening up begins to enter its eighteenth year.
 Accompanying tremendous achievements in economic construction in these
 eighteen years, there have also been unprecedentedly complicated
 contradictions in society's economic life. Reform had its incubation in
 controversy, and although the principle of "not debating" (>i>bu
 zhenglun>/i>) has worked to camouflage a large part of the controversies,
 certain doubts and worries have nevertheless still managed to become
 reflected through tortuous and winding ways. Such things as the farfetched
 explanation that "even if we open our windows we can be sure that flies
 will not come in," the mood on the part of people who curse even as things
 are going well for them, the defense of the theory that we are climbing up
 the moral incline (>i>daode papo>/i>), the joke that has been made of "one
 hand firm and the other hand soft," the popularity of the "cat theory" of
 socialism, the "theory" of "[crossing the river] by groping one's way,"
 and the notion that [socialism] "cannot be clarified," the fact that the
 "three conducives" have become a shield for certain cadres as they sidle
 up to business tycoons and go about divvying up state-owned property, and
 the existence of a batch of high-ranking cadresâtypified by [former
 Beijing Chinese Communist Party Secretary] Chen Xitongâwho are, "at any
 moment, prepared for" a "Great Escape" in case "anything goes
 wrong,"âall these things in reality reflect, in one way or another, the
 anxiety and worries that people have in their minds in regard to the
 socialist orientation of reform. All of the reforms in Eastern Europe and
 the Soviet Union went under the banner of socialism, but in reality all
 went in the direction of capitalism. China, too, in its reform, took
 lessons from the successful experiences of Yugoslavia and Hungary, and we,
 too, once sang the praises of Gorbachev. Let us not forget that, during
 the period of turmoil in 1989, Gorbachev just happened to be visiting
 China, and at the time, Zhao Ziyang, we are told, unburdened himself to
 Gorbachev, and one must assume that there was much sympathy between the
 two. As for whether Zhao shared his experience and lessons with Gorbachev
 in such a way as to have enabled the Soviet Union to complete its
 evolution smoothly, we will never be able to tell. Today, while it may be
 true that the evolution of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has already
 become history, does that imply that China itself has been able to
 successfully stem the tide of peaceful evolution, and can rest permanently
 on these laurels, without fear or anxiety?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-60 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Zhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Shi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhong 
Title: The Mutual Restraint Between the Political Structure and the Economic Structure 
Abstract:
 In recent days more and more articles discussing the reform of the
 political system have appeared in the nation's newspapers and popular
 magazines. Nevertheless, even though people may be discussing the same
 subject, with regard to what they really hope for they may be very
 strikingly at odds with one another. People's understanding of a society's
 politics and economy is often confined to the impressions they receive
 from recent history, and yet, under certain peculiar circumstances, recent
 history may not be a normal state of things. Precisely because recent
 history may be so far removed from a normal state of affairs, its impact
 on people is often particularly great, so much so that, as a result of
 concentrating on the impressions of recent history, people may not even be
 able to discern what is the normal state of things, or what ought to be
 "common knowledge." I believe that many Chinese scholars have a rather
 confused understanding of the concepts of a democratic system, of
 capitalism, of a formerly socialist state's political system, of
 egalitarianism, and so on. To gain a clearer understanding of all these
 concepts will, in my opinion, be beneficial to us, whether in terms of
 understanding our present, or opening our eyes to the possibilities of the
 future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-86 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang Yi-fei 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi-fei 
Title: Several Problems of Commodity Pricing Under the Socialist System 
Abstract:
 The problem of pricing under the socialist system is one that is
 comparatively complex; it is related to and concerned with a wide range of
 other problems. I shall discuss below three of the related problems that
 have arisen in the course of my own shallow observations, and in doing so
 I seek the advice and criticism of those comrades who are either engaged
 in the theoretical aspects of these questions or who are preoccupied with
 practical aspects of this work.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 146-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=32V88GN795613774 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chao Li-k'uan 
Author-X-Name-First: Chao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li-k'uan 
Author-Name: Hsiang Ching-ch'uan 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ching-ch'uan 
Title: The Objective Basis of Differential Prices of Commodities and the Basis Of Enacting Differential Prices Under the Socialist System 
Abstract:
 The comparative price and differential price of a commodity are the
 components of a commodity price system. The price relationship among
 different commodities forms the comparative price of a commodity; the
 price discrepancies of the same kind of commodity during various phases of
 production and circulation form the differential price of a commodity. We
 offer, in this article, our shallow view on the problem of the
 differentialprice of a commodity.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 119-145 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> considers the social impact of
 economic reform in recent years. This has become a hot topic in Chinese
 society lately, as people from very different perspectives debate what is
 happening in Chinese society. The source of all three articles translated
 in this issue is >i>Zhanlue yu guanli>/i> (Strategy and Management), one
 of the more outspoken journals in contemporary China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N8P5N0513R624358 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Gongqin 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gongqin 
Title: The Political Attitudes of the Various Strata in China's Society and Their Prospects for the Future 
Abstract:
 As we come to the turn of the century, we find a China that has already
 stepped onto a new stage of history. The year 1997 is one of epochal
 significance in the political life of China. The death of Deng Xiaoping,
 along with the successive passing away of people such as Chen Yun, Wang
 Zhen, Li Xiannian, Peng Zhen, and so on, in the past few years signifies,
 at last, the termination of the historical era in which China's political
 life was fully led and dominated by the generation of the veterans and
 elders of the Chinese Revolution. The retrocession of Hong Kong indicated
 that China's leaders are capable today of discoveringâoutside the
 boundaries of existing ideological thinking and based instead on the
 common sharing of a nationalist sentiment that had suffered humiliation
 and suppression for the past hundred yearsâa new resource for
 maintaining the power of coalescence of the nation as well as for
 upholding the legitimacy of the sovereignty of the state. Since the
 Fifteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Jiang Zemin's
 standing in the Party and within the highest levels of policy and decision
 making in the Party and in the government has been further stabilized and
 secured, and the "theory of the primary stage of socialism" as affirmed by
 the Fifteenth Congress provided a more solid ideological-theoretical
 foundation for the further and broader reform of the economy along the
 lines of marketization, so that those in control of the government are no
 longer as restrained as they had been by the dogmatic constraints of
 traditional ideologies, and thus may be able to move away from their
 chronic state of hesitation with regard to economic reform; in this way,
 flexibility on the part of the players in the chess game of economic
 reform has been further enhanced and greatly enlivened.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-78 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheng Hong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong 
Title: Reflections on Economic Liberalism 
Abstract:
 The dismantling of the central planning system in China and the
 renaissance of a market economy have dramatically increased the overall
 reputation of economic liberalism in our country. And, yet, despite these
 developments on the ground, the theory of economic liberalism with its
 emphasis on individual economic choice and the central role of the market
 has been challenged on the issue of the state. To wit, the implication of
 economic liberalism and its core idea of >i>laissez-faire>/i> is to
 eliminate government policy-making altogether, thereby creating a kind of
 "anarchism." This has led some to abuse the concept of economic liberalism
 while others outright negate it. In practical terms, the former view has
 led people to ignore the proper functions of government and other
 institutional arrangements by subjecting each and every problem and social
 ill to the dictates of the private economy, even where market forces are
 obviously inappropriate. This has not only decreased the overall
 efficiency of the market economy, but it has also led many in our society
 to lose confidence in and cast doubt on the market itself. In the latter
 case, market haters in China have used this over-extension of the market
 to criticize and attack the fundamental theoretical construct of economic
 liberalism, hoping to negate entirely its practical value.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 13-17 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1777048433T4Q28X 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huang Ping 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ping 
Title: The Construction of the Public Order and Its Limitations 
Abstract:
 Inherent in our current discussion of public order is the notion that in
 China we are confronting a "lack of order." Strictly speaking, total lack
 of order (or disorder) is impossible, as it would bring about the complete
 collapse of any society. Thus, perhaps it is better to couch the current
 situation this way, namely, that there is a gap, as yet undetermined,
 between the existing and expected levels of public order in our society.
 Some forms of social order are considered less opportune, such as
 "consanguineous ties" (>i>xuetonglun>/i>), a former basis of social order
 that many would consider inappropriate in a market economy, but,
 nevertheless, it was a basis for a previous public order. My interest is
 in delineating some sense of just what kind of public order in China would
 form a relatively reasonable basis for our emerging market economy and how
 to establish it.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-61 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=55T77H66U4164232 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Junning 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Junning 
Title: Markets and Constitutions 
Abstract:
 At present in China the extension and development of reform policies have
 produced a growing consensus that the market economy must operate under
 the rule of law. This concept means that not only must commercial
 transactions and activities be regulated by the legal system, but, more
 importantly, the Chinese government must operate within a legal framework.
 In order for this to happen, a real constitution must be adopted in China
 and with it the underlying spirit of constitutionalism must become the
 >i>modus operandi>/i> of governmental action. That is, a constitution must
 emerge as the incarnation of the highest authority of law.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-34 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A028467622415T88 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Suli 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suli 
Title: Understanding the Public Order in the Emerging Market Economy in China 
Abstract:
 Suppose I could write fabulous Chinese prose but had absolutely no
 knowledge of Chinese grammar? Suppose I understood not a word of English
 and, indeed, had never even heard the language spoken? And, then, suppose
 that someone, somewhere presented me with a book written in eloquent and
 masterly English? Just what would be my reaction? It is probably fair to
 say that I would find "alphabetic letters" something of a mess and would
 find it equally hard to believe that their function was the same as our
 Chinese ideograms in a comprehensible word order. Perhaps, after repeated
 observations, I would be able gradually to realize that these different
 combinations of letters indeed followed a set of rules. If then I received
 some instruction in the language, learned the meanings of some of these
 words, began to recite vocabulary, and comprehended the meaning of simple
 sentences, I would soon realize that I could effectively convey basic
 thoughts and feelings, including, perhaps, some that I was unable to
 express in my native Chinese. (There is considerable truth in this
 statement, at least according to studies in linguistic philosophy and
 anthropology that indicate our basic feelings and conceptions are, in many
 ways, intimately related to our particular language, and, thus, in
 learning a new language we, in effect, acquire a new set of feelings. In
 this regard, recall Wittgenstein's comment that language is a kind of
 entire ethos of life). Having acquired the basics, suppose I was then able
 to master the grammar and syntax of English with its strict rules on
 structure and word order, all the while noticing that, in certain
 respects, English and Chinese shared a number of
 similaritiesâsubject-verb-noun order, for instanceâthough the
 differences were also apparent. English and Chinese are not, as some
 suggest, completely incompatible. Furthermore, I would no longer believe
 the old adage that "Chinese has no grammar," a view made popular ever
 since >i>Master Ma's Grammar>/i> (Mashi wentong).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-57 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Weiying 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiying 
Title: Has Economic Freedom Already Given Way to Democracy? 
Abstract:
 The article by Dr. Cui Zhiyuan entitled "Theoretical Background of
 Corporate Law Reform in Twenty-Nine States in the United States and Its
 Application to China" (>i>Economic Research>/i>, no. 4, 1996) touched on a
 number of important issues relevant to the theory of the firm. Flawed in
 its logic and overall argument, the article also reflects a rather poor
 understanding of recent research on the theory of the firm developed by
 economists over the past few decades, something clearly evident in its
 many citations and notes on classical works in the field. Take Cui's
 discussion of Hirschman's article on "Moral Risks of Teams," published in
 1982, which Cui misinterprets and, at times, seems to completely
 misunderstand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-78 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=EG1874T445181420 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 "Private property!" "Ownership rights!" "The logic of the market!" "The
 public order!" Welcome to the new discourse of China's current breed of
 academics and intellectual commentators. Forty years after Mao Zedong
 announced that China was on a direct path to communism, thirty years after
 "capitalist tails" were subject to "merciless blows and resolute
 struggle," and twenty years after Deng Xiaoping launched China toward
 economic reform, China's intelligentsia are engaging in a dialogue and
 exchange of ideas more appropriate to the board rooms of Wall Street and
 the confines of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank than to a country still
 officially "socialist." Friedrich von Hayek, James Buchanan, Alfred
 Marshall, Mancur Olson, John Rawls, and Michael Walzer are now the icons
 and inspiration for Chinese thinkers grappling with the country's enormous
 changes and unfulfilled expectations. Marx, Lenin, and Stalin are now not
 only passÃ©, but worse, irrelevant and a bore. Is it any wonder that Mao's
 crystal sarcophagus ensconced in the middle of Tiananmen Square is about
 to implode?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F761546X31718432 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Shuguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuguang 
Title: Individual Rights and State Power 
Abstract:
 1. The logic of the market economy and the concept of state is a major
 topic that is not easily addressed. Scholars have analyzed it from a
 variety of perspectives in both theoretical and practical terms relying on
 logical deduction and analogies to the world of art, along with approaches
 influenced by political science, economics, and sociology. Each of these
 have contributed to our overall understanding of the topic, but none has
 been able to elucidate the entire truth, and so, additional research
 articles on this topic will continue to be churned out. Keenly aware that
 a detailed discussion of such a fundamental issue as individual rights and
 state power cannot be provided here, my purpose is simply to propose a few
 points of discussion and analysis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-12 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G1H08807L5L617H4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fan Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Fan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: Government as a Public Organ 
Abstract:
 As China enters the stage of economic and social reform, some people think
 that the introduction of markets will somehow weaken or reduce the power
 of government over society. Popular indeed is the view that the market
 equals "anarchism" (>i>wuzhengfu>/i>). Establishing the market mechanism
 does require government controls to be limited and state authority to
 retreat from domains outside its legitimate regulatory functions, so as to
 improve its performance in the normal arenas of operation, namely,
 ensuring social order and mediating conflicts over property, and so forth.
 Contrast this with the extensive role the state played in the central
 planning system in which the government "became a capitalist owner"
 (>i>dang ziben suoyouzhe>/i>) "managing enterprises" (>i>guan qiye>/i>)
 and "supervising production" (>i>guan shengchan>/i>), all rolled up into
 one. But, at the same time, this almighty state machine was intimately
 involved in economic management, it patently failed to fulfill its more
 conventional role of ensuring the availability and ample supply of "public
 goods" (>i>gonggong wupin>/i>). State administrators stuck their noses
 into every aspect of economic decision makingâfrom heavy and light
 industry to servicesâbut when it came to provisioning public amenities,
 such as good roads, schools, and sewage systems, these same administrators
 were nowhere to be found.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H4663U48N2M2GJ50 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gu Xin 
Author-X-Name-First: Gu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xin 
Title: The Pluralistic Concept of Justice and the Public Order 
Abstract:
 Any reputable discussion of the proper form of public order in China
 requires that we first establish a fundamental principle of social
 justice. This is especially true during our country's current transition
 whereby old norms and conventions are rapidly disappearing and new
 institutional forms are gradually emerging.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-50 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Dingding 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dingding 
Title: The Three Basic Presuppositions of Economists 
Abstract:
 The contemporary study of economics originally derived from the moral
 vision of Adam Smith and was reformulated in two stages, first by Alfred
 Marshall [>i>Principles of Economics>/i>] and, second, by Paul Samuelson
 [>i>Economics>/i>]. Throughout this process, the fundamental premise of
 the "rational economic actor" has remained unchanged, despite the fact
 that currently the concept of rationalism is itself under critical assault
 in economics.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-69 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liang Zhiping 
Author-X-Name-First: Liang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhiping 
Title: Market, Society, and the State 
Abstract:
 While the previous symposium held by >i>Res Publica>/i> dealt with "The
 Logic of the Market and the Concept of the State," the topic of the
 present symposium is "Public Order in a Market Society" (>i>shichang
 shehui yu gonggong zhixu>/i>). What significance, you may ask, is there in
 this change of topics? And how is this new subject tied to basic logic?
 For the moment, I would like to avoid any discussion of these issues and
 simply note that these very fundamental concepts are all interconnected in
 both theoretical and practical terms. Combining and conjoining them in a
 variety of ways not only illuminates the logic and rationale behind each
 concept, but also illustrates the basic theoretical interest of their
 proponents. I will admit that my "diffuse discussion" (>i>manyi>/i>) of
 "Market, Society, and the State" may be somewhat casual, but I would still
 contend that there is considerable significance to what I have to say.
 Simply put, it is my hope that in focusing on the relation of "market" and
 "state," some prominence for the place of "society" will be established,
 while, at the same time, the subtle and complex relationship among the
 three will also be illuminated. The fact of the matter is that all
 threeâmarket, society, and stateâare relevant to the formation of
 "public order."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-45 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Yuyan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuyan 
Title: The Economic Significance of Democracy 
Abstract:
 Economists are known to love to apply their omnipotent tools of economic
 analysis to just about every phenomena, including natural ones. Whether
 this basic "flaw" by economists will result in a general social crisis, or
 simply undermine their own academic credentials, I cannot say. But one
 thing is certain: the only hope they have of making a contribution to
 humanity is by the short-cut route offered by this "flaw." Such an effort
 is apparent in the topic I have chosen for my paper, namely, the economic
 significance of democracy. To understand my reasons for pursuing this
 issue, look no further than the recent article by the economist Mancur
 Olson (University of Maryland) entitled "Dictatorship, Democracy, and
 Development" (>i>American Political Science Review>/i> 87, no. 3,
 September 1993, pp. 567-76).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-97 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qin Hui 
Author-X-Name-First: Qin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hui 
Title: Mutual Restraint, Mutual Promotion! 
Abstract:
 Over the past few years, Eastern and Western cultures have once again
 become popular topics of comparative study. Unlike the "cultural heat"
 (>i>wenhua re>/i>) of recent vintage with its study of values, this new
 approach is focused much more on comparing political and economic
 systems.>sup>1>/sup> The two most important concepts for
 analysisâ"economic freedom" and "economic democracy"âare both products
 of the West, though this time around there is little consideration of
 "human nature" as the primordial element of the argument. Despite this
 continued domination of Western notions, many people have concluded that
 in China's recent history the system that existed prior to reform was, in
 fact, more "economically democratic" than its Western counterparts where
 excessive freedom needed to be corrected by the introduction of Mao
 Zedong's vision of "economic democracy." Others, of course, take a
 different, though still nationalist, view, namely, that the height of
 "economic freedom" in China was achieved under the traditional system that
 had existed for thousands of years prior to the Opium Wars in the
 mid-nineteenth century. It, too, was superior to the system in the West
 where excessive democracy requires correction by the introduction of
 Confucian principles of "economic freedom." As opposite as these views
 are, they share two common points: (1) both assert the superiority of
 Chinaâeither in its pre-1978 reform or traditional, pre-Opium War
 modeâto the West, something presented as a source of national pride; and
 (2) both argue that economic freedom and economic democracy are
 contradictory principles involving "mutual restraint" (>i>xiangke>/i>).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-84 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> translates three articles that
 reflect on the relationship between economic and political reform from
 different perspectives. Hu Angang, a well-known and prolific writer on
 economic and political matters at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has
 long worried about the relationship of economic development and political
 stability. In the first article presented here, Hu argues that China's
 political system has changed more than generally acknowledged, though it
 has not taken the form of democratization. Indeed, Hu argues that reforms
 can be of two types, those that enhance economic development and those
 that pursue political democratization without regard for the economic
 consequences. Hu obviously favors the former (in implicit contrast with
 the reforms pursued in the former Soviet Union), but this does not mean
 that he is uninterested in political reform. Indeed, Hu is part of a group
 of what might be called "neostatist" theorists who are working to
 institutionalize the state. As Hu puts it, the Chinese state must make the
 transition from a revolutionary state to a ruling state. This task
 includes stabilizing the leadership, maintaining continuity in public
 policy, making government institutions more effective, and reducing the
 arbitrariness of government. This is an important agenda that has been
 taken up in some quarters, but Hu shies away from the specifics of how
 such reforms can be accomplished.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Angang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angang 
Title: The Aim of Political Reform in China Is to Promote Economic Development 
Abstract:
 Every country has its own peculiar set of conditions and national
 circumstances, its own peculiar traditions, and its unique path to follow.
 In particular, when it comes to an enormous developing country such as
 China, a country with such a huge population and such a vast territory,
 with its background of uneven development and yet such a long history, it
 is simply impossible to expect it merely to adopt and emulate the model of
 another country, no matter whether it is the "planned economy" model of
 the Soviet Union, or the "democratic" model of the West; its reform and
 development has to be, from first to last, a matter of innovation and
 creation of its own peculiar pathway.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Jiayong 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiayong 
Title: An Empirical Analysis of the Amount of Resources Controlled by the Government 
Abstract:
 In the final analysis, a society's property-rights structure and the
 framework of its government-enterprises relationship are determined by the
 amount of resources controlled by and at the disposal of the government.
 Therefore, restricting the amount of resources controlled by and at the
 disposal of the government is a precondition for rationalizing and putting
 in order the relationship between the government and the enterprises. One
 of the fundamental reasons that, since the inauguration of reform, we in
 China have so far failed to effectively separate the government from the
 enterprises and that we are today faced with such difficulty in
 reorganizing our state-owned economic sector is that the government still
 controls a tremendous amount of resources. Thus, breaking up the
 government's control of resources will become a major task of further
 reform, and it will serve to lay an economic foundation for reforming our
 political system. Along such a line of thought, this article seeks to
 provide an empirical analysis of the amount of resources controlled by the
 government, and to propose a fundamental way to break up the government's
 control of resources.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-93 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Shuqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuqing 
Title: The Government's Role in China's Market Economy 
Abstract:
 The government has played an extremely important role in the processes of
 transitioning the economic system from one track to another over the past
 twenty years; this is because, on the one hand, while the traditional
 planned economic system had been completely dominated by the government,
 on the other hand, reform and opening up had also been initiated and
 propelled by the government. In addition, in regard to the objectives and
 modes of reform, the overwhelming majority also believes that we should
 adopt a mode of reform that will produce a kind of market economic system
 in which the government will play a very positive role. In the wake of the
 Asian financial crisis, however, there has been a major change in people's
 understanding in regard to this particular point. People seem to have
 begun harboring doubts about others, and, at the same time, their
 self-confidence has begun to be shaken, and even the very existence of a
 so-called Asian miracle has been brought into question. What remains
 certain and has not changed is the affirmation that further steps should
 be taken to marketize and monetize the national economy, to further
 standardize and control the government's and the enterprises' behavior,
 and to continue to enhance the degree of openness to the outside world.
 Nonetheless, all these are matters of the most general principles, and how
 to bring these principles to concrete realization remains a matter of a
 great deal of discussion, debate, and definition. This article is an
 attempt precisely in this regard.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-68 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 There have been many important intellectual debates in recent years. This
 issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> takes up two of these. The first
 article looks carefully at the macroeconomic data regarding Chinese
 economic performance and argues that the government has overshot the mark
 twice, first by holding to a tight monetary policy long after its negative
 effects outweighed its positive effects, and second by reversing course so
 strongly in 1998 that the negative effects of >i>that>/i> policy will
 outweigh the positive effects. The second article contributes to an
 ongoing debate about the nature of modernity and globalization. Although
 appearing at first glance abstract and theoretical, this issue is central
 to the divisions among intellectuals in contemporary China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Sirui 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirui 
Title: Modernization and the Mainstream of Human Civilization 
Abstract:
 The magnificent and irrepressible intellectual wave of modernization
 thought in the 1980s was shaped byâand the consequence ofâthe
 confluence of the "waters" from three intellectual sources. The first of
 these was the intellectual tradition that had been formed by China's
 intelligentsia since the beginning of the twentieth century; the second
 was made up of the mainstream modernization theories that came out of the
 scholarship in the social sciences in other countries since the 1960s; the
 third was an ideology of modernization that had gradually taken shape
 since the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee [of the Chinese
 Communist Party in 1978] (this last is something that Wang Hui has
 described as a "Marxist ideology of modernization" that is to be
 distinguished from Mao Zedong's "antimodernist Marxist ideology of
 modernization").>sup>1>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-96 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E66H315251TRKP50 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meng Lian 
Author-X-Name-First: Meng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lian 
Title: An Analysis of the Economic Environment and Economic Policy in China in Recent Years 
Abstract:
 Since early 1998, in order to resolve the problems of the looming
 financial crisis and to expand [domestic] demand, the government [of
 China] undertook many projects and has achieved considerable success.
 Nevertheless, our national economy is always a tremendous and extremely
 complicated system. For a huge developing country such as ours, situated
 as it is in the preliminary stage of the transformation from a planned
 economy to a socialist market economy, and faced with an environment in
 which science and technology are developing rapidly throughout the world,
 and in which there is an extraordinarily intense competition among all
 kinds of economic forces, it is in no way surprising or unexpected that we
 would frequently encounter all sorts of difficulties and problems in our
 economic growth and development. We ought to be confident that under
 normal and general conditions, for every difficulty that we encounter in
 economic development, there are bound to be manyâand at least
 twoâmethods of resolution. We are entirely capable of finding the
 correct method to overcome our difficulties and resolve our problems and,
 in the end, bring about our society's economic growth relatively quickly
 and well. Precisely for these reasons, the analysis of the economic
 environment and of our economic policies has to be a topic to which we
 have to pay special and frequent attention. Objectively speaking, the
 economic environment is itself multifaceted, multilayered and susceptible
 to change. This means that in terms of policy analysis, we have to strive
 to avoid becoming subjective, one-sided, or ossified in our ways of
 thinking. Instead, those of us involved in the work of economic study and
 research must observe the economic situation, analyze policy, and raise
 questions from many angles and perspectives.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-52 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 1999 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HsÃ¼eh Mu-ch'iao 
Author-X-Name-First: HsÃ¼eh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mu-ch'iao 
Title: The Law of Value and Our Price Policy 
Abstract:
 Price is the product of a commodity economy. The price of a commodity in a
 capitalist country is determined by the law of value which, by means of
 price changes, spontaneously adjusts the production and distribution of
 commodities. In that context, price fluctuations are like a "barometer"
 that reflects capitalist economic conditions, especially various changes
 in market conditions. It points out to capitalists the directions of
 production growth and commodity flow; to a large extent it affects the
 livelihood of the laboring people. In a socialist state, the production
 and distribution of commodities are determined by state planning based on
 the law of the planned, proportionate development of the national economy.
 Commodity prices are also determined by state planning. Nonetheless, in
 determining commodity prices, it is necessary for the state to correctly
 utilize the law of value and to carefully consider the functions exercised
 by it. Socialist states enact a correct price policy in keeping with the
 law of planned, proportionate development of the national economy and with
 the requirements of the law of value, in order to accelerate the
 development of production, facilitate the flow of resources, stabilize the
 people's livelihood, and solidify and develop the socialist economy. There
 is a subjective aspect to price policy, which can by enacted and revised
 in accordance with the will of the people; there is an objective aspect to
 the law of value, which cannot be changed at will. Thus, in enacting price
 policy, it is incumbent on us to study earnestly the law of value.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 99-118 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1969 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Long Yongtu 
Author-X-Name-First: Long 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongtu 
Title: On the Question of Economic Globalization 
Abstract:
 In July of last year, a financial crisis that originated in Thailand
 rapidly swept across all the countries of Southeast Asia and then affected
 Korea and Japan, eventually causing tremors all over the globe. This
 brought people to a deeper realization of the increasingly intricate
 interrelationships among the economies of the countries of the worldâthe
 relationships of mutual linkage, penetration, influence, and
 interdependenceâthat exist among all our economies around the planet.
 The globalization of the economy has become indeed an unavoidable reality,
 a great trend that does not depend on human will. Only when we look at the
 issues against the broad backdrop of economic globalization can we have a
 fuller and better understanding of the deep-seated reasons that caused the
 Southeast Asian financial crisis, and only then can we bring forward
 [sound] policy proposals that are in conformity with reality regarding how
 we may best do our economic work in the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-76 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Long Yongtu 
Author-X-Name-First: Long 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongtu 
Title: On the Question of Our Joining the World Trade Organization 
Abstract:
 In 1992, and again in 1993, I came to the Central Party School to talk
 about the problems surrounding our country's entrance into the World Trade
 Organization (WTO). Five years have elapsed since then, and yet the
 negotiations regarding China's entrance into the WTO have not yet come to
 a close, and here I am, again, still talking with you about the same
 problems and raising the same old issues. Indeed, as someone who has taken
 part in the negotiations on the front line of this whole affair, I truly
 feel quite ashamed [at the lack of progress]. Today, as I come to talk
 with you, I would like, on the one hand, to explain to you the situation
 that we are in, and, on the other hand, I hope to be able to win your
 understanding and support. I'd like to talk briefly about three issues.
 First of all, why is it that, after so many years of bargaining and
 negotiations, we still have not yet come to the heart of the problem? What
 are the reasons behind this situation? Let me say, however, that my
 purpose is not to try to find some excuse to exonerate those comrades who,
 like myself, are in charge of and are responsible for this area of work,
 for our inability to have completed our task. What I mainly would like to
 do is see if I can explain to you, my comrades, some of the problems that
 lie at the deeper levels of the issue. Second, why is it that we are still
 involved in the negotiations and will continue to be in the negotiations?
 In other words, what are the pros and consâor advantages and
 disadvantagesâfor us if we joined the WTO? And why do we believe that
 the advantages are greater than the disadvantages? Third, I would like to
 say something about the guidelines that lead us in our negotiations at
 this time, and the overall shape and conditions that the negotiations are
 in.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> translates three articles, two by
 Long Yongtu, vice minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
 Cooperation (MOFTEC) and China's chief negotiator for the General
 Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization
 (GATT/WTO). Both articles by Long were given as speeches to the Central
 Party School, the first in the spring of 1998 and the second in the fall
 of the same year.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Changchun 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Changchun 
Title: An Analysis of the State of the Utilization of Foreign Capital in Our Country in 1999 
Abstract:
 The general state of utilization of foreign capital in our country in 1999
 is primarily determined by factors in the following three areas: First,
 the progress that is being made in the rebuilding of financial markets and
 economic reforms in those Asian countries (or regions) that are important
 sources of foreign capital [for our country] and that suffered severe
 damage in this [financial] crisis [in Asia]. Second, the degree to which
 the Asian financial crisis spreads [to other regions of the world] and its
 impact on the economy in Europe and in the United States. Third, the
 condition of our domestic economy and the new developments that we are
 making in terms of the policy of opening up to the outside world. Based on
 the state of affairs in 1998 and an analysis of the state of affairs in
 these three areas, we project that in 1999 there will be a slight increase
 in our country's utilization of foreign capital compared to 1998.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Baisong 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baisong 
Author-Name: Wang Le 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Le 
Title: On the Impact of the East Asian Financial Crisis on Our Foreign-Trade Enterprises' Export Trade 
Abstract:
 Recently, our institute, in conjunction with the Development Division of
 the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC), organized
 its staff to conduct a survey of foreign-trade, industrial-trade, and
 foreign-funded enterprises. The subjects of this study comprised 1,400
 enterprises specializing in foreign trade, the largest 500 enterprises in
 China in which foreign capitalists have made investments, and 100
 enterprises that conduct export-import business on their own. The combined
 total of imports and exports made by these three types of enterprises
 accounts for more than 80 percent of our country's annual exports and
 imports. The results of this investigation and study, therefore, to a
 significant extent reflect the impact that the [Asian] financial crisis
 has exerted on our country's overall export trade.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-91 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=156JQ01772866740 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 China's entrance into the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been
 controversial, not only in the United States but also in China. Unlike the
 old days, when foreign-policy decisions went unchallenged by the public, a
 very lively debate on the benefits and costs of joining the WTO has
 emerged in China in the past few years. This issue of >i>The Chinese
 Economy>/i> reflects some of these debates.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=447396K5715XG054 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Di Yinqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Di 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yinqing 
Author-Name: Zheng Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: What Does China's Joining the WTO Actually Imply with Regard to China's Long-term Interests? 
Abstract:
 For the last decade or so, China has been dealing with the question of its
 joining the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade
 Organization (GATT/WTO) in the same way that it has dealt with the issues
 of reform and opening up the country to the outside worldâin other
 words, consistently and with a great deal of enthusiasm, even passion.
 Furthermore, from many people's perspective joining the WTO may have
 become equated with opening up the country itselfâand not joining the
 WTO would then be equated with closing the door and keeping to ourselves.
 In line with the Western media's increased propaganda about the tide of
 globalization and its benefits to everybody, the mood on the part of the
 people in our own country with regard to supporting China's entrance into
 WTO has become, it seems, increasingly urgent, as if this is an inevitable
 option that is in conformity with the trend of history. Even though
 business circles may feel some anxiety, such concerns seem easily replaced
 by an even stronger feeling of urgency. This is because from the
 perspective of business people, entering the WTO is not something that can
 be avoided. Even if some enterprises are hurt, such damage must be
 endured, like any birth pang. It can be said that the primary reason that
 China was unable to join the WTO previously was that the United States was
 just too harsh in its conditionsâand, in fact, kept raising the stakes
 by asking for more and more concessions from us, pushing us to the wall
 every step of the way, and making it really difficult for us to offer a
 decent account of our [desire to join]. As for what joining the WTO would
 actually bring China, people tended to simply assume that joining the WTO
 is already a set orientation, and therefore they do not fully examine the
 enormous potential risk inherent in it.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 13-22 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Di Yinqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Di 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yinqing 
Author-Name: Zheng Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: Why Is the United States Anxious to Resume Talks with China on China's Entrance into the WTO? 
Abstract:
 Let us start with the strategic interests of the United States. In
 reality, the United States is a country that takes ideology most
 seriously. For the last twenty years or so, the United States has
 consistently exerted great effort in selling its ideology to other
 countries around the world. This includes such things as liberalized
 trade, a more liberal flow of capital, globalization, and the
 corresponding ideas of neoliberal economics. These are the ideologies of
 the United States, as well as where the strategic interests of the United
 States lie. In other words, all policies and measures that conform to
 these ideologies will also be in conformity with U.S. strategic interests.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-12 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C865764W47075225 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Zhenyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhenyuan 
Title: The Challenges That China Will Face with Regard to Its Agricultural Policies After Joining the WTO 
Abstract:
 Even though we have made tremendous progress in our agricultural
 production over the last twenty or so years, in the overall sense, our
 country's agriculture is still only in the primary stage of the transition
 from a traditional agriculture to a modern one, or, at best, in the
 intermediate stage of this transition. Our agriculture has not changed
 much from its state of weakness, and overall, we have not turned away from
 the conditions of negative protection. At this time it is still necessary
 to make contributions to our country's industrialization. As our
 agriculture begins to open itself up to the outside world, to deal with
 these conditions, and to keep up with what is going on in the world, it
 will face many major challenges. In essence, this is precisely the
 challenge in store for China's agricultural sector: successful movement
 toward the outside world will open up a whole new sphere for our
 agricultural sector; [at the same time,] if our agricultural sector fails
 to keep up with what is going on in the world outside, it will find itself
 in a tight spot.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F2930LM3U6U84H07 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Yingxin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingxin 
Title: The Reasons for the Decline in Our Country's Exports and Proposals for Dealing with This Issue 
Abstract:
 During the first quarter of this year [1999], our country's exports
 declined by 7.9 percent, placing us in a very difficult situation in
 respect to foreign trade. Recently, our academy's Research Center for
 Foreign Economic Relations and Trade and International Finance, in
 conjunction with the editorial board of the journal >i>Caimao jingji>/i>
 [Economics of Finance and Trade], held a symposium on "Expanding Exports
 and Increasing the Utility of Foreign Capital by Every Possible Means."
 Scholars and specialists who attended this conference offered analyses of
 the factors that may have contributed to the decline in our country's
 exports and made suggestions as to how we may deal with this issue. What
 follows is a summary of their findings and proposals.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-84 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G65W86875G378R80 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liang Yanfen 
Author-X-Name-First: Liang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yanfen 
Title: The Impact on China's Enterprises of Joining the WTO 
Abstract:
 It has been thirteen years since China inaugurated its application to
 recover its status as a signatory nation in the General Agreement on
 Tariff and Trade (GATT) in July 1986; and it has been quite some time
 since China applied, in 1995, to become a member of the World Trade
 Organization (WTO). In the interim, we have held more than twenty
 multilateral work group meetings and several hundred bilateral
 negotiations with these countries around the world. In these dozen or so
 years, China has made extraordinarily great efforts in many areas,
 including dealing with the reform of tariff- and nontariff-related
 measures of trade, arranging for opening up and loosening constraints on
 the treatment of citizens in the area of trade, opening up our
 services-trade markets, reforming our trade system and its regulations,
 reducing technological barriers, and so on. On April 10, 1999, China
 arrived at an agreement with the United States regarding an important part
 of the overall agreements necessary for China to join the WTO and signed
 the Agreement on U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation. With this agreement,
 China acceded to eliminating import restrictions on wheat, citrus
 products, beef, and poultry from the United States and agreed to lift the
 ban on the import of wheat from seven states in the northwest region of
 the United States, as well as the ban on the import of citrus fruits from
 four states, including California. This is a crucial step, and it
 signifies that the negotiations on China's joining the WTO have reached a
 new level.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-41 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W7367P675NT45138 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Di Yinqing 
Author-X-Name-First: Di 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yinqing 
Author-Name: Zheng Gang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gang 
Title: The Key Is to Control the Initiative in Economic Development 
Abstract:
 From the perspective of the well-being of all the people of China, whether
 China joins the World Trade Organization (WTO), when it joins, and under
 what conditions it joinsâall these are unimportant. What is important is
 that, no matter how China joins the WTO, it must do so in a way that
 conforms to the long-term interests of the country and people. On this
 matter, we should learn well from the United States. The elite of U.S.
 political and business circles all have a deep understanding of the
 long-term interests of the United States, and they know very well how to
 enhance their immediate interests without adversely affecting their
 long-term interests. They have always kept the initiative in developing
 the U.S. economy firmly and securely in the hands of the United States
 itself, and they would never permit damage to the country's economic
 security. This is precisely why they are so wary about China's obtaining
 access to cutting-edge U.S. technology, and why they would even go so far
 as to threaten and impose sanctions on their allies and give up the
 extensive revenues that they would otherwise gain from their export trade.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-32 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W7440K132M615631 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Luolin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luolin 
Title: If China's Services Industry Is to Be Successful in Opening Up to the Outside World, It Must First Succeed in Handling Several Relationships Correctly 
Abstract:
 In recent years, guided by an ideology that is both positive and steady,
 we in China have gradually accelerated the pace of opening up our services
 industry to the outside world. We have, to a limited extent, opened up a
 number of service sectors, including professional services, computer and
 related services, petroleum exploration and development services, and
 services in construction, real estate, urban planning, banking, insurance,
 trade, transportation, and so on. The achievements that our services
 industry has already made in opening up are apparent. Nonetheless, from a
 general perspective, access to China's service sector is still very low,
 and there are still, relatively speaking, too many restrictions, and
 therefore this has become a focal problem in the negotiations on China's
 admittance to membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-48 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X16165435HW1T612 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen Tiejun 
Author-X-Name-First: Wen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiejun 
Title: The Impact That the Terms in the WTO Negotiations Between China and the United States Involving Agriculture Will Have on Our Country 
Abstract:
 The Agreement on U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation was signed on April
 10 of this year [1999], under conditions in which China clearly made
 significant concessions. After signing the agreement, the U.S. government
 announced that the United States would "firmly support the People's
 Republic of China's entrance into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in
 1999." With that announcement, the negotiations on China's joining the
 WTOânegotiations that have taken a long thirteen yearsâwere finally
 given a "pledge of support" that makes it possible to believe that China
 will be in the WTO within a year.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-73 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YN22151428TM2102 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 So you think the economic reforms instituted in China since 1978 have been
 a great success? That China, now the world's third largest economy in
 gross terms, is "on a roll" toward becoming an "economic giant" and one of
 the major players in the newly emerging global economy? That, compared to
 former communist countries that adopted political democracy >i>and>/i>
 reform, especially Russia, China has maintained a better balance between
 political stability and economic growth that should, in fact, be emulated
 by other comparable nations? The "Chinese economic miracle" is a reality,
 you believe, and so the world must sit up and take notice.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=220711276VJ3409K 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qin Hui 
Author-X-Name-First: Qin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hui 
Title: Social Justice and the Scholarly Conscience 
Abstract:
 When asked to write this introduction, I had the fortunate opportunity to
 read the entire manuscript by He Qinglian. Thrilled by what I had read, I
 sat down and managed to write up in one fell swoop this brief piece.
 Rather than calling this little creation of mine an "introduction," I
 would prefer to label it a full-fledged "book review."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-31 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=304TJ8M727R60712 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhu Xueqin 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xueqin 
Title: A Knock at the Door 
Abstract:
 He Qinglian is probably not unfamiliar to the generation of Chinese who
 experienced the ideological enlightenment and cultural debates of the
 1980s. Her first book, entitled >i>Population: China's Sword of
 Damocles>/i> [Renkou: Zhongguo de xuanjian], was published in 1988, and,
 although it won Ms. He some attention, all eyes at that time were on the
 issue of ideological enlightenment and cultural fever that produced some
 positive effects though more fundamental issues such as those discussed by
 Ms. He were left on the back burner. And while these cultural issues are
 in fact still quite trendy today, to her credit, He Qinglian has been
 largely unaffected by them. Instead, her book on population cut right to
 the core of China's current dilemma: the enormous constraints on social
 development posed by the increasingly unfavorable balance between
 population and natural resources. Hers was a wake-up call to many people
 that forced them to sit down and consider whether issues other than the
 usual fruitless and interminable discussion of the all-embracing cultural
 "origins" of all our problems need to be seriously addressed. Following
 publication of her first work, Ms. He moved to Shenzhen in southern China
 where she sought more concrete experiences and personal reflections that
 went beyond her eight years of scholarly training. For three or four
 years, she wrote and said little, until she began to produce cogent and
 thought-provoking articles for some of China's most avant-garde journals,
 in which she focused on actual conditions in our country rather than the
 fancy theories promoted by perfume-parlor pundits that so often fill these
 publications. And now, eight years since publishing her first work, she
 has once again won our attention with a new "knock on the door" that we
 cannot ignore. Indeed, we would be derelict if we dismissed the
 contribution she has made to the realm of ideas in China in the new and
 provocative work that follows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-14 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A424712852285731 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Qinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qinglian 
Title: Chapter 1. A Socialist Free Lunch 
Abstract:
 Since the advent in 1978 of economic reform in China, the essence of the
 ongoing transition from a planned to a market economy has been a
 redistribution of social capital and a readjustment of various interest
 relationships. Throughout this process, what I term the "marketization of
 power" (>i>quanli de shichanghua>/i>) has played a crucial role in
 producing one of the most striking characteristics of this reform: from
 its beginning to its completion over the past dozen years in contemporary
 China, we have witnessed the primitive accumulation of capital. Of short
 duration, this rapid accumulation of great amounts of capital and wealth
 is quite unprecedented.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-56 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=TQ70236282277765 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Qinglian 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qinglian 
Title: Chapter 2. The Land-Enclosure Movement of the 1990s 
Abstract:
 In the early 1950s, when the Chinese Communist Party carried out its
 policy on land reform, rules and regulations on land use were established
 consistent with the terms of a planned economy: the state controlled all
 land and exerted authority to approve its use for various purposes. Not
 until the passage of the "Land Management Law" (>i>tudi guanli fa>/i>) in
 1986 was the old system that had existed for more than twenty years
 fundamentally altered. The result was the coexistence in the rural economy
 of two diametrically opposed approaches to land use: one via
 administrative planning and the other by the leasing of land. Also
 occurring at this time was the introduction into China's rural life of the
 embryonic concept of a land market. But implementing new rules and
 regulations in this complex and often contradictory situation was no easy
 task. It was in this context that the "land-enclosure movement" emerged in
 which primarily nonmarket measures were employed to bring about a
 substantial redistribution of land resources.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-88 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U4037L41277172L4 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Brenner 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brenner 
Title: Chapter 11. Reexamining the Distribution of Wealth in Rural China 
Abstract:
 Since the time of the classical political economists, the role of wealth
 and its distribution has figured centrally in understanding the dynamics
 of economic development. Prominent issues such as the distribution of
 income and the incidence and severity of poverty have been linked to
 wealth distribution,>sup>1>/sup> as have such considerations as the
 long-term rate of growth and the dynamic efficiency of the economy. Indeed
 even neoclassical economists, long advocates of the separability of equity
 and efficiency concerns, have recently demonstrated a renewed attention to
 the distribution of wealth and its role in the development
 process.>sup>2>/sup> Yet analyses of the distribution of wealth in
 developing countries are exceedingly rare. Moreover, where carried out,
 they seldom offer a comprehensive treatment of all productive assets, and
 often suffer from substantial shortcomings in their definitions or data,
 or both.>sup>3>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-67 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C246556647022W4L 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Azizur Rahman Khan 
Author-X-Name-First: Azizur Rahman 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan 
Author-Name: Keith Griffin 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffin 
Author-Name: Carl Riskin 
Author-X-Name-First: Carl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Riskin 
Title: Chapter 5. Income Distribution in Urban China During the Period of Economic Reform and Globalization 
Abstract:
 This chapter addresses three issues that are central to understanding the
 effects of the transition in China from central planning to a more
 market-oriented economic system. First, what have been the consequences of
 the economic reforms for the distribution of income in urban areas?
 Second, what has happened to the incidence of urban poverty? Third, have
 government policies helped to diminish or accentuate urban poverty and
 inequality? Answers to these questions are based upon a comparison of the
 two national sample surveys, conducted in 1988 and 1995, which form the
 main empirical basis for this book.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-35 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C431231271887238 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lina Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Lina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Chapter 12. Gender Effects on Household Resource Allocation in Rural China 
Abstract:
 While the distribution of income among social groups attracts serious
 concern in China, resource allocation among members of households seems
 overlooked. Research on household issues has been dominated by the
 "unitary" model of household decision making, which treats all household
 members as if they behaved as one. Understanding how rights,
 responsibilities, and resources are allocated among household members can
 help policymakers to monitor how inequality among household members is
 changing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-95 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D12761W5082L2K52 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carl Riskin 
Author-X-Name-First: Carl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Riskin 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The four essays in this issue are taken from thirteen essays that make up
 >i>China's Retreat from Equality: Income Distribution and Economic
 Transition, 1988 to 1995>/i> (M.E. Sharpe, forthcoming 2001). Rising
 inequality has been a common feature of international economic development
 in the most recent decades, and China is no exception. One of the world's
 most egalitarian societies in the 1970s, China in the 1980s and 1990s
 became one of the more unequal countries in its region and among
 developing countries generally. This retreat from equality has thus been
 unusually rapid. The Gini coefficient of inequality in household income
 rose by seven percentage points (18 percent), or by one percentage point
 per year, between 1988 and 1995.>sup>1>/sup> Inequality of rural household
 per capita income rose an estimated 23 percent over the same seven years;
 urban inequality increased even fasterâby 42 percent.>sup>2>/sup> The
 reason the Gini ratio for overall inequality for China as a whole,
 including both urban and rural households, increased at a lower rate than
 that of either rural or urban distributions, taken separately, is that
 overall inequality in China is dominated by the large urban-rural income
 gap.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K7U8738H280T2W53 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Renwei 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renwei 
Title: Chapter 2. Increasing Income Inequality and Its Causes in China 
Abstract:
 In the nineteen years since China started its economic system reform in
 1978, great changes have taken place in the whole economy, including the
 pattern of income distribution. This chapter tries to describe and examine
 the changes in the pattern of income distribution in China, especially the
 increasing inequality of income. Since income distribution is a big issue
 that covers a wide range, the chapter tries to focus on some significant
 aspects.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-27 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=UTH01745228T6546 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Aiqian 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aiqian 
Title: Forerunner at the Small-Commodities Market 
Abstract:
 This year, I am fifty-six. I come from Heping village in Feitang, Yiwu. I
 clearly remember December 1, 1955, because on that day I changed from
 being a consumer to being a producer by joining an
 agricultural-forestry-and-animal-husbandry higher-level cooperative. It
 covered a broad area â¦ that included the whole belt of yellow-earth
 hills in the northwest corner of the county seat. After working there
 full-time for three years, I was transferred to the labor-service company
 in 1958 as a sales assistant. In 1962, Chiang Kaishek, who was illegally
 occupying Taiwan, advocated "counterattacking the mainland" and the
 situation became tense. My residency was transferred from the town to my
 mother-in-law's village â¦ and I became a temporary worker instead of a
 full-time one. Luckily my husband â¦ was an employee with the Chengyang
 supply and marketing cooperative, so I had the opportunity to become a
 dependent worker in the cooperative for seven years. In 1969, I returned
 to the labor-service company. In 1979, I saw people carrying baskets,
 selling various kinds of small commodities on the vacant site of the
 hardware company (its buildings and foundations had been burnt down), and
 business was not bad. I saw them arrive with baskets of goods and leave
 with empty baskets, and bargaining on either side, the one taking cash and
 the other goods. Although one had to constantly take into account whether
 taxation or city industrial and commercial management committee personnel
 would appear, the scene made my heart involuntarily thump with excitement
 and I also wanted to give it a try. But my request was not approved and I
 was forced to stay on at the labor-service company. On August 5, 1980, my
 household registration was shifted from the countryside back to the town.
 To change my residency, I had to sell my grain rations, and I sold four
 hundred kilos of grain for 0.16 yuan per kilo and made eighty yuan. I was
 reluctant to break up the eighty yuan, feeling that this was an
 opportunity and that if I could get some more money together, I would have
 some capital to do business! So I asked â¦ a cadre in the Choucheng
 commune to find a way to help me, and borrowed three hundred yuan from [a]
 commune cooperative. These 380 yuan became the capital for my business.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 91-99 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Forste 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forste 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The pace of economic growth in Zhejiang has been one of the most rapid of
 any Chinese province during the reform period. The most prominent feature
 of the type of economic growth experienced in Zhejiang has been rapid
 rural industrial development powered by small-scale, crude, low-technology
 plants, either collectively or privately run, and producing low-grade,
 cheap consumer products for the country's massive rural
 market.>sup>1>/sup> Large-scale, comprehensive, and specialist commodity
 markets, primarily wholesale, serve as centers for the sale and
 distribution of these products across China, thus forming what has been
 described as an internally logical relationship between enterprises,
 products, and markets in the province.>sup>2>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-14 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Guanfu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guanfu 
Title: Ten Years at the Market 
Abstract:
 In March 1984, I was transferred to the Yiwu county bureau of industry and
 commerce â¦ [The following five pages of the original text have been
 omitted.]
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-85 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F015200M4013H4P3 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xie Gaohua 
Author-X-Name-First: Xie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gaohua 
Title: Recalling the Rise of the Yiwu Small-Commodities Market 
Abstract:
 In April 1982, I was transferred to Yiwu county (now city) as secretary of
 its party committee. At that time, many people knew Yiwu as a place famous
 for its poverty. During those days when everyone got together for the
 spring festival, the people of Yiwu picked up their shoulder poles and
 traveled great distances, disregarding the freezing cold weather, to
 "exchange candy for chicken feathers."â¦ So, when my mother found out
 that I was going to Yiwu to work, she was quite upset: "How can they
 transfer you to that poor place?" Apart from its "poverty," I can really
 say that I knew nothing else about Yiwu. Therefore, as a newly appointed
 county party secretary, after I arrived in Yiwu as a complete stranger,
 the first thing I had to do was to rely on the local organization, make
 painstaking efforts, do a lot of investigation and research, listen and
 see for myself, and as quickly as possible get to know the local situation
 and become familiar with my work environment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-64 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fu Guishan 
Author-X-Name-First: Fu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guishan 
Title: My Involvement in the Opening of the Market 
Abstract:
 In 1956, I was transferred to work in the Yiwu county industrial and
 commercial section (under the county government). On June 22 of that year,
 the section was abolished and the county bureau of commerce was
 established with an industrial and commercial administrative management
 section. I was head of this section. In 1963, after the Yiwu county bureau
 of industrial and commercial administrative management was established, it
 shared an office with the bureau of commerce and implemented a system of
 one set of personnel with two nameplates. Later, people said I "was born
 in the bureau of commerce," and it was based on this situation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-47 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Zhangxing 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhangxing 
Title: Tribute to the Market City, Service to the Market 
Abstract:
 I was a military man who is now unexpectedly in charge of the largest
 small-commodities market in Yiwu and even the whole country â¦ [several
 sentences omitted].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-90 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P52G6276M85772X1 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hu Qi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi 
Title: Yiwu's "Sliced-Candy Gang" (1965) 
Abstract:
 This was a popular jingle among Yiwu's "sliced-candy gang" in the old
 society. The people of Yiwu had done this "sliced-candy" business for
 several centuries, passing it down from one generation to another. It had
 become a unique kind of business and had its own historical period of
 existence in the life of the people.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-32 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V17841Q551282R36 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Shouchun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shouchun 
Title: The Sound of the Candy Peddlers' Rattle Is Heard Once Again (1979) 
Abstract:
 This spring festival, snow covered the ground, turning it into a white
 carpet. And amongst the silver-colored villages and trees the sweet sound
 of the candy peddlers' rattle was music to the ear. It was the first time
 it has been heard in eight years, and hearing it now was all the more
 alluring.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-38 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V570X66236134X03 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Zhengxing 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhengxing 
Title: The Rise and Development of Yiwu's Small-Commodities Market 
Abstract:
 The daily commodities market at Huqingmen was a typical street market.
 When it grew to between six and seven hundred stalls, traffic became
 choked along the Huqingmen section of the road, and the stalls were forced
 to extend along the old Hang[zhou]-Jin[hua] Road. With crude facilities
 and with their temporary stalls lined up alongside one another like teeth
 on a comb or scales on a fish's back, the traders were sweltering in
 summer and freezing in winter. They were soaked by the rain and bitten by
 the wind. The conditions were unspeakably harsh. With the market spilling
 onto the road, traffic congestion was most inconvenient for vehicles and
 people coming and going in both directions. As the market spilled along
 the street, the clamor from various circles in society demanding the
 setting up of specialized markets became more and more intense. On April
 23, 1984, the principal leaders of the county party committee and
 government and I, who was director of the county government office, held a
 meeting of leaders in the industrial and commercial administrative
 management and urban construction departments specifically to study the
 issue of setting up the Yiwu small-commodities specialized market. After a
 comparative analysis, we finally decided that the site for the
 second-generation market would be Taizu Tianfan near the Zhe-Gan railway
 line. It would cover an area of eighteen >i>mu>/i> and have places for
 eighteen hundred permanent stalls. I would be in charge, and the bureau of
 industry and commerce would deal with the details.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-76 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Yan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan 
Title: The Characteristics of the Liberalization of International Service Trade 
Abstract:
 It was not until the 1970s that the idea of "service trade" was proposed
 and generally accepted as an independent and separate concept [in the
 field of international commerce]. Since then, however, the international
 service trade has grown by leaps and bounds; not only has it developed
 into one of the three largest sectors of global trade, but in doing so it
 has created a wide-open space for the economic development of countries
 around the globe and has become a major index of the overall standard and
 level of economic growth for every nation in the world.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-27 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shao Ren Wang Yuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Shao Ren Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan 
Title: China, Join the WTO, but Don't Fall into the Trap 
Abstract:
 On the afternoon of March 15, 1999, a press conference was held at the
 Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress. At the press
 conference, Premier Zhu Rongji faced the many questions raised to him by
 correspondents and reporters from abroad as well as by Chinese journalists
 with his inimitable composure and his usual sense of wit and humor. When a
 correspondent from Britain's >i>Financial Times>/i> asked him to comment
 on the chances that an agreement between China and the United States
 concerning China's joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) would be
 reached either during the time of Zhu's impending visit to the United
 States or shortly thereafter, Premier Zhu replied: These negotiations have
 already been carried out for thirteen years; some of us had heads of dark
 hair when we started the talks and now our heads have turned white with
 age; it's time to draw these negotiations to a closeâ¦. As long as both
 sides are willing to proceed with concern for the bigger picture and from
 the perspective of promoting the prosperity and the stability of the
 international marketâif we are all ready to do what is best for the
 whole and are willing to make some small concessions, then we can
 certainly be hopeful about reaching an agreement [at this time].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-47 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen Bingcai 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bingcai 
Title: Our Country's Strategy and Tactics in Joining the APEC and the WTO 
Abstract:
 Since the ending of the cold war, the contestation among countries around
 the world that had previously taken the form of military and political
 conflict and ideological antagonism has already been transformed into a
 competition of economic interests; military conflict has been transformed
 into a conflict in the economic sphere. Thus, it would be far too much of
 an underestimation of the real situation if we were to consider our
 country's entrance into the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the
 Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) merely as action whereby our
 country becomes blended into a unified international economy, and failed
 to see that this cooperation is at the same time also a very serious
 economic war (>i>zhanzheng>/i>).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-15 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> continues to translate Chinese
 reactions to China's impending accession to the World Trade Organization
 (WTO). As noted in the previous two issues of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i>
 (vol. 33, no. 1 [January/February 2000] and no. 2 [March/April 2000])
 dealing with the subject of the WTO, a deep debate on China's
 participation and modality of participation has opened up among
 policymakers and intellectuals alike. Although those involved in foreign
 trade support accession strongly, a number of bureaucrats and
 intellectuals believe that it will cause more harm than good.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shao Ren Wang Yuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Shao Ren Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan 
Title: The Impact of China's Joining the WTO on China's Economic Development in the Immediate Future 
Abstract:
 Can joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) bring us tangible
 short-term benefits? If this question had been posed two years ago, the
 answer that we would have gotten from our folks in economic and trade
 circles would most likely have been a largely positive and affirmative
 one. At that time, China's competitive strength in terms of its exports
 was strong: the volume of our exports was rising with each day, and, in
 particular, our trade surplus with regard to trade with the United States
 was growing in a major wayâeven though a significant part of that trade
 was entrepÃ´t trade. At that time, the United States even resorted to
 repeatedly threatening us with withdrawing its "most-favored-nation" trade
 relations with China as a way of demanding that China reduce its trade
 surplus with the United States. If we had joined the WTO (or, at that
 time, General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs [GATT] then, we at least
 would have been able to avoid this threat on the part of the United States
 and there would have been less interference in Sino-U.S. trade relations.
 Today's situation, however, is somewhat different. Because of the enormous
 impact of the Southeast Asian financial storm, and because the Chinese
 government, considering the larger picture, has decided to maintain the
 value of the renminbi, there is already a considerable loss on the part of
 China's export competitiveness in an objective way; furthermore, from the
 perspective of the statistical data for the first quarter in 1999, the
 extent of this damage is likely to continue to expand. If China continued
 to maintain the value of the renminbi and keep it from devaluation, then
 the pressure of China's trade surplus with the United States would be
 alleviated and this trade surplus, in terms U.S. interests, would most
 likely be gradually replaced by a trade surplus on the part of the
 countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America in their trade with the
 United States. At the same time, the trade-related friction between China
 and the United States will gradually be lessened. In that sense, the
 significance to the United States of China's joining the WTOâin terms of
 "alleviating" [China's] so-called threat to the United States as a
 most-favored nationâis already no longer as great as it once was.
 Furthermore, along with the eruption of financial crises in many regions
 and locations in the world one after another, the world economy has
 already lapsed into a rather long-term state of stagnation. Although China
 may still need to continue to take hold of "both markets"âthat is, both
 the overseas market and the domestic marketâit must also discern that we
 cannot continue to adhere to a "lopsided" strategy of relying on exports
 to pull along the growth of the economy, and that, instead, we must turn
 more of our attention to relying on the domestic demand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-74 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2000 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akira Doi 
Author-X-Name-First: Akira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Doi 
Title: Communist China's Economy and Sino-Japanese Trade Under The Cultural Revolution 
Abstract:
 Today the talk will be on Sino-Japanese trade and the Chinese Communist
 economy under the Cultural Revolution. It will be rather difficult for me
 to explain so that you will understand the situation thoroughly, because,
 due somewhat to recent events, the information released by Communist China
 is quite limited and incomplete. However, regarding this trade problem
 there does exist a partner nation and the trade figures reported by each
 partner nation. By consolidating this and similar information, though it
 be incomplete, I should like to view the present conditions of the Chinese
 Communist economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 224-264 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1970 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J7511U0525351761 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung Yin-hang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin-hang 
Title: A Great Victory for Mao Tse-Tung'S Thought on the Financial and Monetary Front â China'S People's Currency [>u>Jenmin-Pi>/u>] Has Become an Exceptionally Stable Currency Of The World 
Abstract:
 Vice Chairman Lin Piao solemnly announced in his report to the Ninth
 National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party: "As is pointed out in
 the âSixteen Articles,â âThe Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
 is a strong driving force behind the development of the productive force
 of our society.â We have had bumper harvests for successive years.
 Industrial production, science, and technology have also been flourishing.
 The activism of the broad working people in revolution and production has
 been unprecedentedly high. Many industrial and mining enterprises are
 continually breaking their own records, production has reached the highest
 level in history, and the revolution in techniques continues to develop.
 The market is thriving and prices are stable. We completely repaid our
 national debt by the end of 1968. China has become a socialist nation
 without foreign or domestic debt." This is an encouraging and great event
 in our political and economic life.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 179-190 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1970 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shen Cheng-p'ing 
Author-X-Name-First: Shen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng-p'ing 
Title: Repulse The Attack of the Bourgeoisie in the Economic Field â An Important Problem in The Struggle-Criticism-Transformation Of The Financial And Trade Front 
Abstract:
 Our great leader, Chairman Mao, has taught us: "We have won a great
 victory. But the defeated class will continue to struggle. Those people
 are still there and that class still exists. Therefore, we cannot talk
 about final victory yet, not even after several decades. We must not lower
 our vigilance." Our Vice Chairman, Lin Piao, has pointed out in his
 political report to the Ninth Party Congress: "There will be further
 adversity in the class struggle. We must never forget class struggle and
 never forget the dictatorship of the proletariat."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 203-210 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1970 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q5683127068J5134 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ko Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Ko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Politics in Command of Economics, Revolution in Command of Production 
Abstract:
 After the seizure of political power by the proletariat, an important
 question bearing on whether or not the dictatorship of the proletariat is
 firmly adhered to, whether or not the socialist road is truly followed,
 and whether or not the building of the socialist economy is truly
 undertaken is how to deal with the relationship between politics and
 economics, between revolution and production.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 191-198 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1970 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y70370244211H418 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Changhong Pei 
Author-X-Name-First: Changhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pei 
Title: The Changing Trend of FDI Patterns in China 
Abstract:
 Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are making a significant contribution to
 China's economic growth. From 1979 to 1999 a large amount of realized FDI
 in the amount of U.S.$307.5 billion flowed into China, particularly into
 the industrial/manufacturing sector. This paper discusses potential
 impacts of FDI on three Chinese industries: primary industry (related to
 agriculture such as farming, forestry, and husbandry); secondary industry
 (industrial mining, manufacturing, water supply, construction, among
 others); and tertiary industry (service sectors and others). In addition,
 it sheds light on industrial structural change resulting from FDIs.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 89-100 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=330542468XN7176T 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Wai Kin Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Kin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Title: Chinese Financial Liberalization 
Abstract:
 Chinese economic policies have been viewed as models for developing
 countries because of China's remarkable economic growth rate since 1978.
 This success is attributable primarily to various sound economic plans.
 They include economic reforms such as different economic zones, provision
 of government incentive packages that promote exports, opening up the
 economy to foreign investors for joint ventures and investment, and the
 restructuring of numerous unprofitable state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8527U5T378L11156 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Author-Name: Louis T. W. Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Louis T. W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Author-Name: Joseph K. W. Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph K. W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Ownership Restrictions and Stock-Price Behavior in China 
Abstract:
 >i>This study examines the stock-price behavior of Chinese stock markets
 in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. There are strict
 stock-ownership restrictions in China. Foreign investors can only trade B
 shares, while domestic investors can only trade A shares. Under this
 two-tier trading system (A and B shares), we find that the stock-price
 behavior is very different between the two tiers and in most of the firms.
 A- and B-share prices do not have the same price dynamics. Essentially, A-
 and B-share prices tend to be driven by their own economic forces. The
 results are qualitatively the same by using firm-level data with or
 without exchange-rate adjustment. The result of
 cointegrated/noncointegrated A- and B-share prices of individual firms can
 be explained by the ownership distribution, liquidity, and financial
 characteristics of the firms.>/i>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-48 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HU0N80Q54L83T73V 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai Chung Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Chung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Title: A Retrospect on China's Banking Reform 
Abstract:
 China's banking system has undergone substantial changes in the past two
 decades, and it has been transformed from an institutional setup for
 central planning to a banking system in a market-oriented economy. The
 reform strategy is consistent with the overall economic reform in China,
 which, unlike many transitional economies in Eastern Europe, has taken a
 gradual or incremental approach. This approach enables the banks in China
 to progress in phases from the accounting units of the central planner to
 a modern commercial banking system consistent with the price system which
 aims at efficient allocation of financial resources. The first phase of
 the reform (1978-92) created a banking system that was oriented to a
 market economy but imprinted with the legacy of central planning. The
 second phase of reform (1992-present) has removed the remnants of central
 planning and established a full-fledged modern banking system. The purpose
 of this paper is to delineate the banking reform's gradual approach, with
 the focus on the achievements and problems of each stage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q464432620K44450 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoqing Eleanor Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoqing Eleanor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Title: Market Structure, Volatility, and Performance of H Shares 
Abstract:
 >i>This study concerns the market structure, volatility, and performance
 of H shares, stocks of mainland Chinaâincorporated companies that are
 listed in Hong Kong. This paper documents major events and key factors
 that have driven the performance and volatility of the H-share market
 since its debut in 1993. In addition, this paper compares the market
 structure and pricing of A and H shares issued by the same Chinese
 companies. It is found that H shares are highly liquid, extremely
 volatile, and traded at a large discount to corresponding A shares. The
 H-share discount has increased dramatically over the years due to listed
 firms' lack of financial transparency, poor management, improper usage of
 funds in non-core businesses, and deteriorating profitability. To foster a
 healthy Hong Kong-based primary and secondary market for China's shares,
 listed companies need to recover credibility and regain investor
 confidence.>/i>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R0R173N65U3Q3336 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin H. Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: China's Inward FDI Boom and the Greater Chinese Economy 
Abstract:
 >i>Although divided by political and military conflict and deep suspicion
 and mistrust, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong have become one integrated
 economic region. This has been the result largely of flows of direct
 investment from Hong Kong (HKDI) and Taiwan (TDI) into China. China has
 become the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) among the
 developing world and the second largest globally. Most of the FDI received
 in China came from Hong Kong and Taiwan, not from the industrial countries
 that supply over 90 percent of world FDI. This paper investigates the
 determinants of China's FDI boom in the context of the greater Chinese
 economy. Evidence presented in the paper indicates that the large amount
 of HKDI and TDI has been associated with the greater Chinese economy and
 "Chinese connections." Empirical results suggest that HKDI and TDI were
 primarily motivated by cheap labor, incentive policies, and market access,
 along with the greater Chinese connections that provide Hong KongâTaiwan
 investors with operational advantages over other investors.>/i>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R8M11N1X63642455 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Kevin H. Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Guest Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 For the last two decades, China has witnessed dramatic changes in
 financial reform and inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Chinese
 financial-market reforms have liberated many economic activities from
 state control, and stock exchanges have been established for state-owned
 enterprises to raise equity for growth. Chinese policymakers are concerned
 about the risks of the reforms in the financial system that are compatible
 and sustainable with the evolving Chinese economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y60U0015556343W7 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:34:y:2001:i:1:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 China has the third-largest economy in the world, with a gross domestic
 product of U.S.$748 billion in 2000 and an economic growth rate of 8.2
 percent. By as early as 2007, it is projected that it will have the
 world's largest economy, outstripping in gross terms both the United
 States and the European Union. Second only to Japan, China is currently
 running a huge trade surplus with the United States while prices at home
 remain relatively stable. In 1997-98, during the Asian financial crisis,
 the semiconvertible yuan was largely unaffected while the currencies of
 China's regional neigbors were clobbered. These and other impressive data
 indicate an economy that by any measure has witnessed more than twenty
 years of unbridled success and has nothing but smooth sailing ahead. But
 wait just a minute, says the renowned economist and journalist, He
 Qinglian. While China's leaders persistently and, some would say, ad
 nauseam promote the country's economic prowess, she sees a darker side of
 the Chinese "miracle" This was evident in the first two chapters of her
 book that were published in >i>The Chinese Economy>/i>, vol. 33, no. 3
 (May-June 2000). Is He Qinglian simply a Chinese naysayer? A Beijing
 "nabob of negativism"? Someone too willing to throw cold water on what by
 all accounts has been two remarkable decades and more of economic progress
 for possibly the largest segment of humankind in history? Perhaps. But
 then, consider the points made in the following three chapters of He
 Qinglian's monumental work, which has been influential among China's
 leaders and regime critics alike, and which the translators, Nancy Yang
 Liu and Lawrence R. Sullivan, have rendered in English as >i>China's
 Descent into a Quagmire.>/i>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K2918801575Q5Q45 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guan Xinping 
Author-X-Name-First: Guan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xinping 
Title: An Analysis of the Impact of Globalization on China's Social Policies After China Joins the WTO 
Abstract:
 China's reform and opening up to the outside world was launched in the
 context of economic globalization. The restructuring of China's economic
 system over the last twenty years, its opening up to the outside world,
 and the process by which Chinese society has been transformedâall these
 changes took place with the development of globalization and its
 accelerating impact on society. Without question, China has already
 achieved tremendous success in reform and opening upâat least in the
 dimension of economic growth. Despite the fact that the government,
 researchers, scholars, and even the common mass of people could see that
 this process would bring with it all sorts of problems, such as the
 widening gap and polarization between rich and poor, they have
 nevertheless regarded such problems just as a "side product" in the reform
 of the domestic economic system and the transformation of society. They
 even optimistically believed that such problems could and would be
 resolved, as long as reform could be deepened, or economic growth and
 development be sustained. However, from the perspective of the conditions
 that prevailed in the late 1990sâthe expansion and deepening of the
 scope of reform and sustained growth in the economyâsocial problems like
 the widening gap between rich and poor have not been resolved. Indeed,
 there appears to be a trend toward the expansion and deepening of these
 very same problems. Confronted with this situation, scholars and
 researchers have no recourse but to seek answers to these problems from a
 wider sphere.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-32 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H456271R0W23316J 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Beck, Ulrich, and
 JÃ¼rgen Habermas et al., eds. 2000. >i>Quanqiuhua yu zhengzhi>/i>
 [Globalization and politics]. Beijing: Zhongyang bianyi chubanshe [Central
 Translation Bureau Publishing House].</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Deacon, Bob, Michelle HÃ¼lse, and Paul
 Stubbs. 1997. >i>Global Social Policy: International Organizations and the
 Future of Welfare.>/i> Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> El-Agraa, Ali M., ed. 1998.
 >i>The European Union: History, Institutions, Economics and Policies>/i>,
 chap. 18, 389-422. Hemel Hempstead, UK: Prentice-Hall Europe.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>
 Esping-Anderson, Gosta, ed. 1996. >i>Welfare States in Transition:
 National Adaptations in Global Economies.>/i> Thousand Oaks, CA:
 Sage.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Gupta, Satya Dev, and Nanda K. Choudhry. 1997. "Preface" to
 >i>Dynamics of Globalization and Development>/i>, ed. Satya Dev Gupta.
 Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hantrais, Linda. 1995. >i>Social Policy
 in the European Union.>/i> London: Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Li Peilin. 1995. >i>Zhongguo
 shichang jingji zhuanxingzhong de shehui fenceng>/i> [Social
 stratification in China's transition to a market economy]. Shenyang:
 Liaoning renmin chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li Qiang. 1993. >i>Dangdai Zhongguo de
 shehui fenceng yu liudong>/i> [Social stratification and mobility in
 contemporary China]. Beijing: Zhongguo jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Midgely, James.
 1997. >i>Social Welfare in Global Context.>/i> Thousand Oaks, CA:
 Sage.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Mishra, Ramesh. 1998. "Beyond the Nation State: Social Policy in
 an Age of Globalization." >i>Social Policy and Administration>/i> 32, no.
 5: 481-500.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Pieters, Danny, and Jason Alan Nickless. 1998. >i>Pathways for
 Social Protection in Europe.>/i> Helsinki, Finland: Ministry of Social
 Affairs and Health.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Swaan, Abram de. 1994. >i>Social Policy
 Beyond Borders: The Social Question in Transnational Perspective.>/i>
 Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Townsend, Peter, and
 Kwabena Donkor. 1996. >i>Global Restructuring and Social Policy: The Need
 to Establish an International Welfare State.>/i> Bristol, UK: Policy
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang Sibin, et al., eds. 1998. >i>Zhongguo shehui fuli>/i>
 [Social welfare in China]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xu Tianqing, et al.,
 eds. 1999. >i>Zhongguo shehui baozhang tizhi gaige>/i> [Reforming China's
 social security system]. Beijing: Jingji kexue chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:34:y:2001:i:3:p:12-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tang Jun 
Author-X-Name-First: Tang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun 
Title: Joining the WTO, the Employment Problem, and How to Deal with it 
Abstract:
 At this point, it looks as if China's joining the World Trade Organization
 (WTO) is only a matter of time. Joining the WTO is, unquestionably, a
 "double-edged sword" Challenge will always accompany opportunity. So, what
 sort of impact will joining the WTO have on the problem of
 employmentâor, should we say, the problem of unemploymentâwhich is
 clearly the most significant social problem confronting China in the new
 century? In recent years, academics have approached and discussed this
 question in various ways.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-72 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K819Q46286167236 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:34:y:2001:i:3:p:51-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luk Tak Chuen 
Author-X-Name-First: Luk Tak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuen 
Title: Several Issues Regarding the Impact of the WTO on China's Social Development 
Abstract:
 Although negotiations regarding China's joining the World Trade
 Organization WTO are already in their final stages, the price that the
 developed countries are demanding for their approval for China's accession
 to the WTO seems to have been raised incessantly. In this final round of
 negotiations, for example, the United States has greatly escalated its
 terms in regard to China's agriculture. Its demands are now for China to
 join the WTO as a developed country, and for China to abandon its
 previously negotiated rights to join as a developing country. This means a
 dramatic lowering of the agricultural "subsidy" from the 10 percent that
 had been agreed upon, down to 5 percent. Furthermore, as a new round of
 ministerial talks was slated for November 2001, we expect the developed
 countries to step up their pressure for a new round of trade talks and for
 the developing countries to further open up their markets in other sectors
 [besides agriculture].
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-50 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T210468896280036 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qiao Jian 
Author-X-Name-First: Qiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jian 
Title: The Impact on the Working Class of China's Joining the WTO, and how the Trade Union will Deal with the Situation 
Abstract:
 China will soon complete its work in drafting a multilateral trade
 agreement and thereby officially join the World Trade Organization (WTO)
 as a member state. Joining the WTO is a major development in the economic
 and social life of the Chinese people, and it will have a direct impact on
 the status of the working class as well as on the safeguarding of its
 rights and interests. This article aims to pose certain broad and
 preliminary viewpoints on these issues.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-93 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U3L2V72K826031T6 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Documents of the
 National Conference on the Work of Organizing and Forming Labor Unions in
 Newly Founded Enterprises. November 2000.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hai Wen, "Zhongguo rushi hou jingji
 zengzhang jiang tigao san ge baifendian" [China's rate of economic growth
 will gain three percentage points after China joins the WTO], Chinese
 Economy, >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cei.gov.cn'>www.cei.gov.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Han Deqiang.
 >i>Pengzhuang-quanqiuhua xianjing yu Zhongguo xianshi xuanze>/i>
 [Collision: The globalization trap and China's practical options].
 Beijing: Jingji guanli chubanshe, 2000.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> >i>Quanqiuhua jiancha>/i>
 [Globalization surveillance], a magazine.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Topical Study Group, "Jiaru WTO
 duiyu woguo jiuye de yingxiang" [The impact of China's joining the WTO on
 employment in our country]. Beijing: Academy of Macroeconomic Research,
 State Planning Commission, n.d.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade
 Development. >i>World Investment Report, 1994-1999>/i> (Chinese editions).
 Beijing: Duiwai jingji maoyi daxue chubanshe [Foreign economy and trade
 university press].</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Wen Tiejun. "WTO yuanze dui woguo nongye ju qita fangmian
 de yingxiang" [The impact of the WTO principle on our agriculture and
 other aspects of our economy]. n.p., n.d.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:34:y:2001:i:3:p:73-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luk Tak Chuen 
Author-X-Name-First: Luk Tak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chuen 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 China finally entered the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. The saga
 began in April 1999 when China shocked the world and the Chinese people by
 suddenly yielding to the demanding terms of the China-U.S. trade
 negotiations. China promised to open markets and drastically lower tariffs
 for a large number of products, even in sensitive economic sectors such as
 grain trades. Building on this bilateral agreement, the United States
 supported China in subsequent bilateral and multilateral trade
 negotiations with WTO member states. Since Deng Xiaoping's open-door
 policy in the early 1980s, this bilateral trade agreement has become a new
 landmark of China's long march to reintegrate itself into the global
 economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W48R5P323Q1185M8 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:34:y:2001:i:3:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang Kai 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kai 
Author-Name: Qiao Jian 
Author-X-Name-First: Qiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jian 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 Examined from a historical perspective, China's joining the World Trade
 Organization (WTO) can be regarded as a continuation and deepening of
 China's twenty-year-long process of reform and opening up to the outside
 world. Today, the results and accomplishments of reform and opening up are
 already being widely shared by domestic groups with vested interests
 within China itself. Yet as the momentum for advancing reform declines day
 by day, China is hoping that such a major step as joining the WTO will set
 the table for a healthy international economic environment that will be
 conducive to the growth of China's foreign trade. This, in its turn, would
 have the effect of paving the way for and bringing momentum to rapid
 development in China's own domestic economy. In addition, it would lay the
 foundation for reducing trade-related friction between China and other
 nations, and for China to take part in the next round of multilateral
 trade negotiations. Perhaps it would also lay the groundwork for prospects
 of reforming and changing the unreasonable rules and regulations that
 still exist today in the arena of international trade and finance.
 Furthermore, China's hopes and expectations may be that joining the WTO
 will bring about a deeper and fuller blending of China's economy into the
 great tide of economic globalization, thus providing a fresh drive for
 reform and opening up in the new century.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-11 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ch'en Chi-Shih 
Author-X-Name-First: Ch'en 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi-Shih 
Author-Name: Liu Po-Nien 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Po-Nien 
Title: Foreign Trade Statistics 
Abstract:
 Under socialist conditions, competition and anarchic production have lost
 their functions. In their place is planned (proportional) development of
 the national economy. In the socialist countries, accounting and
 statistics have therefore assumed a role whose significance is
 unprecedented with respect to presocialist societies. Under socialist
 conditions, accounting and statistics are among the most important tools
 in the administration of the state and in the planned leadership of the
 national economy. Comrade Stalin said in a speech about the meaning and
 functions of accounting and statistics under socialist conditions and
 their relationship with one another: "â¦ It is difficult to imagine any
 construction work, national work, or plan without accurate accounting.
 Accounting without statistics is equally unimaginable."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 267-337 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 3 
Year: 1970 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4243233481463545 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:3:y:1970:i:4:p:267-337




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sullivan R. Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-First: Sullivan R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Quoted in the following third segment of He Qinglian's pathbreaking book,
 >i>China's Descent into a Quagmire>/i>, this popular limerick in China
 captures the increasingly cynical and downright despondent mood of much of
 the country as the downside effects of the economic reforms have begun to
 sink in. Despite years of record-breaking economic growth that have made
 China the second or third largest economy on earth, the impact of what He
 Qinglian describes as the "marketization of power" and unbridled rent
 seeking by power holders in the state apparatus has created one of the
 most economically divided societies on earth. With a Gini coefficient that
 measures the gap between rich and poor as high as perhaps 0.59 (in most
 industrial countries it ranges between 0.3 and 0.4), China is rapidly
 becoming a society riven by class divisions, with consequences for social
 stability that only Karl Marx (and perhaps Mao Zedong) could
 appreciate.>sup>1>/sup> As the nouveau riche in the coastal areas while
 away their time, playing cards, engaging prostitutes, and purchasing
 mansions stocked with gold-plated furnishings, China's growing numbers of
 urban poor are finding it increasingly difficult to sustain even the most
 basic living standard. Laid off by bankrupt state-run enterprises that can
 afford to pay neither salaries nor health and pension benefits, China's
 new poor confront a desperate situation. This is especially true in
 interior cities, such as Shenyang, Liaoning province, where the benefits
 of "opening up to the outside world" are few and far between. Although the
 Chinese government has responded to the new phenomenon of un- and
 underemployment by experimenting with systems of social security and
 unemployment insurance common in advanced industrial nations, the impact
 of these rudimentary efforts, the author argues, has been marginal at
 best. Only in the relatively wealthy coastal areas, such as the Shenzhen
 Special Economic Zone, can the local government afford such endeavors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=WNXX675613G25574 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Tiemin 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiemin 
Title: The Harmonization of Occupational Safety and Health Standards and China's Production Safety 
Abstract:
 At the beginning of the twenty-first century, China will stride into the
 World Trade Organization (WTO) as a new member. Throughout the entire
 process in which China's joining the WTO was secured, there was a struggle
 between China and the developed nations, led by the United States. Efforts
 were made by these countries to hinder and block China's membership, or to
 boycott the process, and China countered with attempts to break through
 the obstacles and restrictions that were in its way. Although for the
 moment this struggle appears to have come to a halt, it is, one should be
 aware, far from over. We can predict that even after China has joined the
 WTO, not only will the struggle not end, it may indeed become even more
 complicated and intense. In fact, beneath the surface of this economic
 trade battle, there are deeper political and social issues and reasons for
 the conflict lurking in the background. In the last few years, the
 developed countries have consistently strived to introduce "social
 clauses" into the global economic trade system. Under the banner of
 "concern for the state of human rights in developing nations," these
 developed and advanced economic nations have repeatedly raised issues of
 "labor standards"; in other words, they have tried to link the issues of
 production safety in the various countries themselves to conditions of
 international trade. In reality, this is nothing more than "green"
 protectionism. China is a developing nation; for many reasonsâsome
 having to do, for instance, with our economic foundation in the past and
 with the level of technological development in Chinaâthe conditions of
 production safety have always been relatively poor in China. There is a
 very large gap between the standards and conditions of production safety
 in China and those that prevail in developed nations, and it would simply
 be very difficult for China to meet "commonly acknowledged international
 labor standards" in a short time. Thus, in the aftermath of joining the
 WTO, we may well expect that China will be confronted with some very
 severe tests and challenges in regard to the question of "labor
 standards." Therefore, the work that we must do in the area of production
 safety will have a tremendously important impact on China's economic and
 social development. To be forewarned is to be forearmed. If we are
 prepared for it, we will survive. If we are not, then there will be severe
 trouble. We simply ought to increase our sense of the urgency and the
 importance of this problem and do our best to be prepared for it. As
 people say, "A stitch in time saves nine."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-53 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Gengshen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gengshen 
Title: The Challenge of the Social Dimensions Under Globalization for Social Security in China 
Abstract:
 At this very moment, the international community is busy preparing for and
 fomenting sets of "social rules" that have at their core the formulation
 of fundamental labor standards to be recognized and implemented
 internationally. Preparations are also being made to link these rules to
 the World Trade Organization (WTO), so as to resolve the very serious
 social problems that economic globalization has brought, and to regulate
 competition in international trade. Since different countries around the
 world have different social systems and their economies are at different
 stages and levels of growth and development, the implementation of these
 "social rules" will have different types of impact on different nations.
 As China accelerates its participation in the process of globalization
 and, in particular, after it joins the WTO, it will very quickly be
 confronted with enormous pressure from these social rules. Labor
 legislation, as well as the state of employment and of labor relations in
 China will suffer a direct impact, and this in turn will influence our
 country's economic growth and development as well as its social progress.
 Therefore it has become essential for us to analyze the strengths and
 weaknesses of these so-called social rules comprehensively and accurately,
 and understand the positive as well as negative influences that they may
 have on our country and society. We need to come up with countermeasures,
 be able to grasp the big picture, and take the initiative in formulating a
 policy strategy for dealing with this issue in order to avoid damaging
 pitfalls and instead reap the advantages that can come out of this
 situation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-90 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Guoxian 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guoxian 
Title: Measures to Counteract the Impact of China's Entry into the WTO on Trade Union Work 
Abstract:
 China's joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an important step
 for the Chinese economy as it moves into the world at large. Joining the
 WTO will bring about a lasting and profound impact on all spheres of our
 economy and society; the work of trade unions is, and will be, no
 exception. After China joins the WTO, the Chinese trade union will face
 unprecedented direct international impact, and new challenges will
 confront its work, both internationally and at home.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-70 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G8876J4G454R2M80 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mo Rong 
Author-X-Name-First: Mo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rong 
Title: Some Effects of China's Joining the WTO on Employment, and Certain Policy Proposals in Response to the Problem 
Abstract:
 There are two entirely different and starkly contradictory viewpoints on
 this question. One holds that joining the World Trade Organization (WTO)
 will bring about an increase in employment opportunities in China, to the
 tune of 12 million new or increased opportunities per year (International
 Commission on Unemployment and Employment, 1999). The other, opposite
 viewpoint holds that joining the WTO will bring about a reduction of about
 one-fourth of the employment opportunities in China (Academy of
 Macro-Economic Research, State Development and Planning Commission, 1996).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M3202887774267H0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Tiren 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiren 
Title: Considering the Multifaceted Nature of "Labor Standards" from the Perspective of Globalization 
Abstract:
 The debate on whether trade and so-called international labor standards
 ought to be linked up and always considered in tandem with each otherâa
 controversy triggered by and within the World Trade organization
 (WTO)âis a relevant one. It is related to the contradiction that
 economic growth and social progress do not automatically develop at the
 same pace. At the same time, we have to ask: Will the implementation of
 so-called international labor standards automatically bring about a
 situation wherein all the workers will be able to enjoy the fruits of
 economic growth and development equally? Will it secure social justice for
 every worker in the world? Things are, of course, far from being so
 simple. In today's international environment of great diversity and
 plurality of interests and political concerns among nations, we simply
 cannot take things at face value and assume that international labor
 standards are what they were assumed to be at the beginning of the
 twentieth century when such a concept was proposed for the first time:
 purely and simply to protect and defend the rights and privileges of all
 the workers in the world. In reality, the proposal of such international
 labor standards has become a weapon, wielded by a variety of interest
 groups. This is precisely the multifacetedness (>i>duomianxing>/i>) of the
 labor standards that we wish to discuss in this article.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-11 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C4W3J757U2355J4W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anita Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Anita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Globalization, the Social Clause, and China's Workers 
Abstract:
 In discussions relating to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in recent
 years, one of the most persistently controversial topics of debate among
 member states has been whether the "social clause" should be incorporated
 into the negotiations and subsequently into the agreements of the WTO. The
 developed nations, led by the United States, generally agree that the
 social clause should be incorporated into the agreements, while the vast
 majority of the developing nations are negatively disposed toward this
 proposition.>sup>1>/sup> This article presents the view that the reason
 why developing nations are in opposition to the social clause may well be
 that they misunderstand the impact that the social clause would have on
 workers' wages. This article will also argue, through specific case
 studies of labor conditions in China, that accepting and supporting the
 social clause is the only way for the developing nations to get out of the
 dilemma in which their workers' wages continue on a downward slide.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-31 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D0HUQ04GN560N16N 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Changzheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou 
Author-X-Name-Last: Changzheng 
Title: The WTO and China's Labor Standards 
Abstract:
 In the process of conducting a new round of World Trade Organization (WTO)
 negotiations in Seattle in December 1999, the United States proposed that
 the so-called social clause, which was pronounced to protect the rights of
 workers, be incorporated into the agreements of the WTO, thus linking
 trade with labor standards. The United States further insisted that
 countries that do not conform to these internationally recognized labor
 standards be subjected to trade sanctions. Although this proposal of the
 United States was hurriedly withdrawn when it faced a wall of loud protest
 from many quarters, the debate over the social clause has nonetheless
 continued to foment. Indeed, it is quite likely that trade-related
 problemsâincluding issues of workers' rights as well as environmental
 problemsâare bound to be focal points of the multilateral WTO
 negotiations in the twenty-first century. The following article will
 attempt primarily to conduct a concrete analysis of the major problems
 related to this matter, such as the impact that the core labor standards
 will have on our nation, and the question of how we in China will respond.
 On the basis of this analysis, we shall make some suggestions for
 improving labor-related legislation in our country.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-56 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D4055K1730P834J5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang Kai 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kai 
Title: The WTO, Labor Standards, and the Safeguarding of Laborers' Rights and Interests 
Abstract:
 China's entrance into the World Trade Organization (WTO) signifies that
 China is making direct connections with the international market economy,
 blending into the great circle of the international economy at large, and
 thus becoming part of economic globalization as a whole. Yet, in reality,
 China has not completed the marketization of its economy, and so, as China
 becomes a WTO member state, there is bound to be a major collision of the
 rules of the WTO and the economic and legal relations that exist within
 China today. In the trend of development of China's economy toward
 marketization, joining the WTO is an inevitable option stemming from the
 market reforms that China's economy has undergone. In the short run,
 however, joining the WTO is likely to intensify some of the economic,
 social, and legal problems that already beset China's reform process, and
 questions of safeguarding labor rights as well as issues of labor
 legislation constitute some of the most prominent problem areas.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-86 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 34 
Year: 2001 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W8P5X3778G174X36 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence R. Sullivan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 As if all the profound problems in China's reform-era economy previously
 documented by He Qinglian were not enough, in this the last segment of her
 book titled >i>China's Descent into a Quagmire>/i>, the courageous author
 sets her sights on the broader social consequences of what she terms the
 "marketization of power." Most troubling is the enormous problem that has
 affected virtually every major urban center in China: the flood of rural
 laborers swelling the ranks of the under- and unemployed. Under the old
 Maoist system of social control imposed on the countryside, China's cities
 were for years largely spared the influx of surplus rural workers into
 their midst, with all the attendant problems of not just inadequate
 employment, but crime, threats to public health, and poor or nonexistent
 housing that have so devastated many underdeveloped countries of the
 world. But once the rural reforms demolished the people's communes, and
 cities were no longer made off-limits to rural denizens, a virtual "tidal
 wave" of rural migrants entered Chinese cities. The numbers are
 staggering: in the year 2000, according to He, 200 million rural laborers
 were surplus, and while many have been absorbed in both rural and urban
 enterprises, China, like many other parts of the world, now confronts a
 serious problem of urban and rural unemployment to which no one in the
 government or elsewhere seems to have the solution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuo Yongliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yongliang 
Title: 7. Several Reflections on Problems in Zhejiang's Urbanization 
Abstract:
 The course of Zhejiang's urbanization lags behind its industrialization
 and its economic development, and has been a long-term, key fetter. It has
 produced an extraordinarily special socioeconomic phenomenon while the
 bifurcated urban-rural system in the flow of key inputs has not been
 abolished, and peasants have already become autonomous creative entities.
 Moreover, we should also note the constraints of such factors as natural
 geography, technological development, and the distribution of cities on
 the progress of urbanization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Yuanzheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuanzheng 
Title: 1. Choices and Obstacles in China's Road to Urbanization 
Abstract:
 Since 1950, the status of cities in China's governmental policies has
 passed through different phases. Since the mid- to late 1990s,
 urbanization has gradually become a hot topic for inquiry in theoretical
 circles, and has also become a principal thrust of government
 administration at various levels. But up until the present, Chinese
 theoretical circles still have not derived even an initial common position
 on this issue, and policy outcomes on the urbanization front are just
 passable. Quite a few existing institutions seriously impede the course of
 China's urbanization, so that in reality, on this issue, we still remain
 at the argumentation stage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=564828K474L4618Q 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Jihong 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jihong 
Title: 2. Shake Off Mistakes in Understanding Urbanization 
Abstract:
 Broadly speaking, urbanization includes changes in over forty key items on
 six fronts, such as a rise in population quality, progress in urban
 planning and management, improvement in the quality of life, improvement
 of basic infrastructure, protection of the eco-environment, and
 rationalization of socioeconomic structures. At present, both
 internationally and in China, the population living in cities and towns as
 a proportion of the total population is generally used to express the
 level of urbanization. As a basis of operations, some people supplement
 this with a system of phase-like goals. To a certain extent, the level of
 urbanization reflects a country or region's level of socioeconomic
 development. In the process of discussing urbanization, the emergence of
 various different points of view is normal. However, the present existence
 of various mistakes in understanding urbanization requires further
 clarification.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-38 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=57414T2162370143 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Forster 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forster 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 The process of China's contemporary urbanization is being simultaneously
 driven by two forces possessing differing origins and vastly different
 consequencesâone that is found in the logic of a quasi-capitalist
 industrialization and modernization, and another that is a legacy of the
 institutions of the period of state planning as well as of those created
 in the post-Maoist era of reform. The first type of urbanization, and that
 most familiar to scholars of urbanization in other developing countries,
 is an organic, evolutionary urbanization relating to economic and social
 changeâindustrialization, the shift of labor from agricultural to
 nonagricultural industries, the marketization and commercialization of the
 economy, and the growth of the services sectorâthat both gives rise to
 and is driven further forward by the concentration of population and key
 production inputs in urban centers. The second type of urbanization is an
 administratively driven mobilization program with a specific set of
 statistical goals to be attained. It has virtually been forced upon
 Chinese planners by the continued operation of institutions and policies
 (some of which derive from the Maoist era) that place major impediments in
 the path of the first type of urbanization, distort its progress, and
 ultimately prevent urbanization from reaching its ultimate and logical
 conclusion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-20 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kong Xiangzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiangzhi 
Title: 9. Throw Zhejiang's Small Cities and Towns a "Lifeline" 
Abstract:
 Since the 1980s, the urbanization of China's countryside has entered a
 high-speed stage of development. The level of rural
 urbanization>sup>1>/sup> has risen by an incremental 0.625 percent per
 annum, far higher than the 0.2 percent average rate from 1952 to 1977. The
 number of small towns in China is now over 45,000, and of these, 19,000
 are designated counties>sup>2>/sup> and over 26,000 are market towns.
 Practice has proved that through reducing the agricultural population and
 increasing the urban population, the rise in the level of urbanization can
 effectively solve the problem of the imbalance of interests between the
 two great forces of industry and agriculture, enlarge the spatial scope of
 the market for agricultural products, and raise the peasants' relative and
 absolute income levels. This plays a key role in promoting an improvement
 of the bifurcated town and country structure.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 82-84 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G125366437Q44816 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Chengyin 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chengyin 
Title: 10. How to View and Raise the Present Level of Urbanization in Zhejiang 
Abstract:
 The so-called level of urbanization refers to urban population as a
 proportion of the total population. According to the statistics,
 Zhejiang's household-registered population was 45,010,000 in 2000, and its
 level of urbanization was 39.5 percent. However, the communique of the
 2000 national population census revealed that the total population of the
 province was 46,770,000 (including outsiders who have lived in the
 province for over six months, and not including those natives of Zhejiang
 living outside the province). The population living in cities and towns
 was 22,770,000, as high as 48.7 percent of the total population. A 9
 percent leap in the level of urbanization in one year is not possible.
 Obviously, this is the result of different statistical calibrations. How,
 then, should we ultimately view the level of urbanization in Zhejiang?
 This concerns the adjustment of the development goals for urbanization,
 the choice of focus in urbanization work, the perfection of urbanization
 policies, and the related assessment of progress in modernization. Through
 the demystification of authoritative data on "urbanization levels," we put
 forward thoughts and suggestions on accelerating the push for urbanization
 in Zhejiang.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-95 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H164777K5W2K50V0 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang Renshou 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Renshou 
Author-Name: Cha Zhiqiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhiqiang 
Title: 6. Zhejiang's Urbanization Its Backward State, the Major Reasons for This, and the Way Ahead 
Abstract:
 International experience demonstrates that urbanization occupies an
 extremely important position in the process of modernization. Based on an
 investigation of the situation in six countries in the 1960s and 1970s,
 the American professor Alex Inkeles>sup>1>/sup> believes that if the level
 of urbanization (the proportion of the urban population to total
 population) exceeds 50 percent, it is an important indicator that a
 country or region has entered the ranks of modernization. Today, this has
 already become the commonly held view of economists, sociologists, and
 theoretical researchers of modernization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-70 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P8521VV274316H26 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Jianzhong 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianzhong 
Title: 3. Historical Reflections and Rational Considerations on the Progress of Zhejiang's Urbanization 
Abstract:
 Since the establishment of the Republic, Zhejiang's urbanization has
 followed a circuitous development process that can be broadly divided into
 four stages.>sup>1>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-44 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W097531558430718 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guo Zhanheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhanheng 
Title: 5. Accelerating the Pace of Urbanization Requires Focus on Studying and Solving Problems 
Abstract:
 Confronting the hot topic of urbanization requires strengthened
 leadership, the timely organization of an authoritative coordinating
 agency that is small, capable, and highly efficient, the drawing up of a
 comprehensive plan, orderly advance, and the prevention of poor
 cooperation among the different branches of government and overlapping
 input into research, planning, and construction so as to avoid creating
 the possible emergence of a waste of resources and chaos in operations and
 management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-62 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X506T7N512305386 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alvin Y. So 
Author-X-Name-First: Alvin Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: So 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 Suppose you could travel through time to Maoist China in the mid-1970s,
 and you told the Chinese that their country would soon become an economic
 power-house of the capitalist world economy in twenty years. No Chinese
 would have taken your words seriously, because they knew that China had
 experienced very serious developmental problems during the revolutionary
 period (1949-1976).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-25 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B968V7W21M4322X5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Kai-sing Kung 
Author-X-Name-First: James Kai-sing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kung 
Title: Chapter 3. The Role of Property Rights in China's Rural Reforms and Development A Review of Facts and Issues 
Abstract:
 The reform of China's rural economy has remained to this day one of the
 most radical reforms the post-Mao leadership has attempted in the past two
 decades. With the rapid and eventual dismantling of the collective farms,
 peasants in China have since then been able to farm on an individualized
 basis. Commonly known as the household responsibility system (HRS), the
 family farm is an institution that frees the farmers from the stranglehold
 typical of a collectivized agriculture; above all, it allows them to earn
 an income commensurate with the effort that they and their family members
 honestly and industriously expend on the soil of the clearly demarcated
 plots. The overall success of this reform is beyond dispute: both peasant
 incomes and crop output experienced the sharpest growth during this brief
 period (roughly between 1978 and 1984) in the history of Communist
 China.>sup>1>/sup>
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 52-70 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C254332H01G42MT5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yi-min Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi-min 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Chapter 2. Economic Institutional Change in Post-Mao China Reflections on the Triggering, Orienting, and Sustaining Mechanisms 
Abstract:
 Since the late 1970s China has undergone a fundamental transformation from
 a centrally planned economy based on public ownership to a
 market-oriented, increasingly private economy. Three factual aspects of
 this process of change are noteworthy. It began in the immediate aftermath
 of what is known as the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The pace and
 extent of reform have varied across different sectors, regions, and types
 of institutions. And, despite strong initial and persistent resistance
 from within and without the state apparatus and several major setbacks,
 the rules governing economic activities have evolved farther and farther
 away from state socialism.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-51 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K722074166134180 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:35:y:2002:i:3:p:26-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carsten A. Holz 
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holz 
Author-Name: Tian Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Tian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Chapter 8. Assessment of the Current State of China's Economic Reforms 
Abstract:
 The World Bank in its >i>World Development Report 1996>/i> outlined three
 challenges for countries in economic transition: (1) liberalization,
 stabilization, and growth; (2) property rights and enterprise reform; and
 (3) social policies that address the ill effects of transition on
 particular groups.>sup>1>/sup> China scores highly on liberalization,
 stabilization, and growth, the core reform package. By the mid-1990s
 China's economy had largely been liberalized: China's economy enjoyed
 mostly market-determined prices, current account convertibility, falling
 import tariffs with few remaining export controls, free entry to many
 sectors, a rapidly growing private sector, and a sharply reduced number of
 state monopolies. The most recent period of overheating with a short
 inflationary bout (1993 to 1994) ended in a soft landing, and real
 economic growth throughout the reform period averaged 9.5 percent per
 annum. The first item in the World Bank's list of challenges for
 transition economies thus no longer poses a challenge to China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-109 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V6823315176GK36W 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This issue of >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> presents two research reports on
 the development of the private economy in Zhejiang province and on efforts
 to define the phenomenon in Marxist terms and bring it under party
 control. The first is a two-part investigation study done by researchers
 at the Central Party School in Beijing. The report, which is based on a
 survey into the Zhejiang economy done in June 2001, appears to be one of
 many research reports that were done on the basis of Jiang Zemin's "Three
 Represents" (>i>sange daibiao>/i>) and in preparation of the Sixteenth
 Party Congress (convened in November 2002). Part I of the report describes
 the rapid development of the private economy in Zhejiang, noting that the
 proportion of economic output provided by the province's non-state
 (>i>minjian>/i>) enterprises grew from less than 1 percent in 1980 to 40
 percent in 2000. The report reviews the different stages the development
 of the private economy has gone through in the past two decades, including
 the repression it suffered during the "strike hard" campaign of 1981.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A254L1Q277217K81 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:35:y:2002:i:4:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kang Xiaoguang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoguang 
Title: China: Political Development and Political Stability in the Era of Reform 
Abstract:
 China has gone through a quarter century of reform. To date, the market
 system is already firmly established, and China has formally become a
 member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It can be said that the
 major issues of reform in the realm of the economy in China have already
 all been solved, and what remain as tasks to be completed are simply tasks
 of amending, repairing, and perfecting the system. Therefore, it is quite
 natural that people would start to focus their attention on issues of
 political reform. The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) Sixteenth Congress
 is going to be convened this fall, and there it will complete a
 generational transition at the highest level of power and authority. The
 clamor for political reform has become increasingly loud and vocal in such
 a sensitive period, and there has been, and probably will continue to be,
 a resurfacing and resurgence of all kinds of arguments and views about
 these matters at this time.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-92 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=335K25X80280K324 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Fewsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fewsmith 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
 This long article by Kang Xiaoguang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is
 an effort to sum up the state of society and politics in contemporary
 China and to ask the critical question: Is it stable? In some ways, the
 picture that Kang draws is encouraging: the intellectual elite is more
 reconciled to the political system than it has been since the founding of
 the People's Republic of China (PRC), the economic elite finds the
 political status quo comfortable, and the political elite is more willing
 to absorb rising elements (intellectual, economic, or social) than it has
 ever been. Although the public faces many problems and is discontented,
 Kang believes the overall situation is stable.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A5G6076G47407Q2Q 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Cheung 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheung 
Author-Name: Gu Xingyuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Gu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xingyuan 
Title: Health Finance 
Abstract:
 The mainland of China and Hong Kong have historically pursued different
 economic and social systems, one rooted in socialism and the other in
 capitalism. In recent years, China has moved toward a so-called socialist
 market economy, with social services such as housing, education, and
 health care increasingly marketized, privatized, and "societized"
 (>i>shehuihua>/i>, i.e., the process of returning the responsibility to
 the society through community financing rather than state financing). This
 trend may render some degree of convergence between the mainland and Hong
 Kong systems. In health services, however, the two systems have shared
 some similarity in that while state organs, enterprises, and urban work
 units in the mainland have all along been part of a state-funded
 healthcare system,>sup>1>/sup> Hong Kong's public healthcare system also
 has strong features of a "national health service"âwith the government
 providing extensive public health care to the population. Since the 1980s,
 both systems have undergone reforms and changes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-67 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N495415724Q97612 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynn T. White 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Preface 
Abstract:
 Social planning, for either growth or welfare, has been under stress in
 China because of SARS. Pressure has been particularly intense in large
 cities, including Hong Kong and Shanghai. These two cities are the natural
 dynamos of China's richest regions, Guangdong and the
 Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang flatlands that have been centers of boom for
 more than a quarter century. Research on their policies provides an
 irreplaceable baseline for judging their abilities to weather the recent
 health crisis and advance the transformation of China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V4663P3V42266V28 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Author-Name: Gui Shixun 
Author-X-Name-First: Gui 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shixun 
Title: Guest Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
 Shanghai and Hong Kong are very much like blood sisters. Shanghai is
 called the Lustrous Pearl of the Orient; Hong Kong, the Pearl of the East.
 Like two stars on the China coast, the two cities have a lot in common, in
 terms of geography, history, and challenges. Strategically placed at the
 mouth of the Yangtze River and Pearl River estuaries, both cities command
 the physical and social capital of rich hinterlands. They also bear
 witness to the turbulent history of China as their destiny is linked to
 western forays into Qing China on her knees. The momentous stroke that
 rewrote their history is of course the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanking
 (1842). Foremost among the humiliations were territorial concessions. Hong
 Kong was ceded to Britain as a colony, a status that was to last until
 1997. The same treaty also turned Shanghai into a treaty port and
 semicolony, when the principle of extra-territoriality took the physical
 form of the international settlements. However infamous the past may be,
 the insulation from the most vicious wars and turmoil that besieged the
 China heartland was the key to Shanghai and Hong Kong's success. In the
 process, the twins evolved into the great hubs of trade and industry
 unmatched by any other Chinese city. Of equal importance has been the
 absorption of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, among them
 entrepreneurs, intellectuals, revolutionaries, artisans, and ordinary
 people. The mixing of the most adventurous and enterprising elements from
 within China and from all over the world underlaid the fantastic blending
 of cultures and practices. This not only turned them into great
 metropolises, but it also gave a big push to China's modernization. At the
 same time, unbridled growth in the context of cultural bastardy sired many
 social problemsâdrugs, crime, prostitution, poverty, and
 exploitationâthat bestowed both with an aura of exotic decadence.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-33 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lynn T. White 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Title: Facilitating Fortunes vs. Protecting People in China's Richest Cities 
Abstract:
 This tale of two cities is also a story of antinomies. Hong Kong and
 Shanghai are the most modern cities in the political system with the
 world's oldest continuous heritage. These are metropolises with "first
 world" economies, but their recent prosperity depends on quick development
 of the neighboring Pearl and Yangzi river deltas, where labor is hired at
 "third world" wages. Each of their social policies reflects this
 situation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-88 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 35 
Year: 2002 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CAO TIANYU 
Author-X-Name-First: CAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: TIANYU 
Title:         Opening Address to the Hangzhou Symposium: Modernization, Globalization, and the Chinese Path       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=986XKB4013VT7MA5 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DU RUNSHENG 
Author-X-Name-First: DU 
Author-X-Name-Last: RUNSHENG 
Title:         We Should Encourage the Innovation of the System       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 13-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P7QBLA89WLYE3X05 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HE ZUOXIU 
Author-X-Name-First: HE 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZUOXIU 
Title:         On the Law Concerning Development of the Forces of Production       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-47 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=UW2GLBYCJD0DAYL2 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CH'Ü WANWEN 
Author-X-Name-First: CH'Ü 
Author-X-Name-Last: WANWEN 
Title:         Globalization and Economic Development       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V4VUMRT497T7HNXB 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LIN CHUN 
Author-X-Name-First: LIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHUN 
Title:         What Is China's Comparative Advantage?       
Abstract:
       This paper seeks to identify China's comparative advantages for
 national development in the contested processes of economic globalization.
 Through a critical discussion of the popularly assumed, definitive
 correlation between cheap labor and foreign trade, and further between
 export and growth, it questions a prevailing neoliberal doctrine. The
 paper shows how a classical insight has been turned into not only a flawed
 dogma that obscures strategic options for the developing countries but
 also a political weapon against workers. Yet in China as elsewhere, the
 (potential) comparative advantage of cheap labor may endure only at the
 cost of labor productivity being kept low and national economy weak. As
 such, the concepts of development and of advantageous cheap labor are
 ultimately in contradiction. The argument thus draws attention instead to
 state capacity and social power over rational and democratic control of
 resources.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-20 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3LR7V49WHRXNV7H6 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Balassa, Bela. 1989.
 Comparative Advantage, Trade Policy, and Economic Development. New York:
 Harvester Wheatsheaf.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Cui Zhiyuan. 2003. "China's Export Tax
 Rebate Policy." China: An International Journal (September).</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Diaz-Bonilla,
 Eugenio. 2003. "Report from the International Food Policy Research
 Institute." South China Morning Post (30 August).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Ding Ningning. 2002. "We
 Cannot Introduce the Market Mechanism in the Sphere of Education."
 Economics Weekly (6 August).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Feenstra, Robert C. 2000. The Impact of
 International Trade on Wages. Chicago: University of Chicago
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Li Qiang. 2002. "The New Changes in China's Social
 Stratification." In CASS, 2002 Blue Book of Chinese Society. Beijing:
 Social Sciences Documentation Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Nichols, Donald. 1983. "Wage
 Measurement Questions Raised by an Incomes Policy." In The Measurement of
 Labor Cost, ed. Jack Triplett. Chicago: University of Chicago
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Qin Hui. 2002. "On the Question of Gini Coefficient and Social
 Polarization." In Economic Transition and Social Justice, ed. Jin Yan and
 Qin Hui. Kaifeng: Henan People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Riskin, Carl, and Azizur
 Khan. 2000. Inequality and Poverty in China in the Age of Globalization.
 New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>United Nations Development Programme
 (UNDP). 1995-2001. Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Wade, Robert Hunter. 2002. "On Soros: Are Special Drawing Rights
 the Deus ex Machina of the World Economy?" Challenge 45, no. 5
 (September-October): 112-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:36:y:2003:i:2:p:3-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: QIN HUI 
Author-X-Name-First: QIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: HUI 
Title:         The Issues of the Chinese Economy Changing Tracks, Social Justice, and Democratization at the Turn of the Century       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: YU KEPING 
Author-X-Name-First: YU 
Author-X-Name-Last: KEPING 
Title:         Change in Governance and Political Development in China Under the Impact of Economic Globalization       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-91 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=CM6QDFRNFWX34000 
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Author-Name: ZHU HOUZE 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHU 
Author-X-Name-Last: HOUZE 
Title:         Rethinking State and Society Relations in the Process of Globalization       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-49 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: CUI ZHIYUAN 
Author-X-Name-First: CUI 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHIYUAN 
Title:         "Xiaokang Socialism" : A Petty-Bourgeois Manifesto       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-70 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=VCPC1LDUKL5MUL74 
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Author-Name: YU GUANGYUAN 
Author-X-Name-First: YU 
Author-X-Name-Last: GUANGYUAN 
Title:         The Merits and Demerits of Twenty-three Years of Reform       
Abstract:
       The beginning of the article through Section Eight treats political
 reform, and I have written on the historical facts. This portion of the
 article consists of informal writing and should be regarded as a review of
 background material. However, I must announce that because I was in a
 hurry to finish the article, I did not have time to review certain
 materials and check them carefully. I cannot guarantee the accuracy of the
 article, therefore, and it is only for reference.  The Section on "Merits
 and Demerits" is directly related to the conference discussion. I am
 grateful to the conference organizers for the inclusion of my talk at the
 conference. My topic is "The Merits and Demerits of Twenty-three Years of
 Reform." I want to introduce the materials and opinions that I provided to
 the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the Central
 Government. For scholars at this conference I want to include in this talk
 my experience of Chinese reform, and the facts and ideological materials I
 observed. The talk covers from 1978 to 2002--that is, twenty-three years.  
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-38 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YG2Q00XYWWTQAQ7M 
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Author-Name: WEN TIEJUN 
Author-X-Name-First: WEN 
Author-X-Name-Last: TIEJUN 
Title:         Chinese Strategic Transformation and Its Relationship to Industrialization and Capitalization       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-53 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=15D0XBBE722RTJKL 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WANG HUI 
Author-X-Name-First: WANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: HUI 
Title:         The Historical Origin of Chinese "Neoliberalism" : Another Discussion on the Ideological Situation in Contemporary Mainland China and the Issue of Modernity       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-42 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=GBV3D7CNBL4FPWGV 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CAO TIANYU 
Author-X-Name-First: CAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: TIANYU 
Title:         The Theory and Practice of the Chinese Path       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-98 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J0RL8QLWD63NQ76N 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:36:y:2003:i:4:p:67-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHENG ZHONGBING 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHENG 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHONGBING 
Title:         Farewell to the Twentieth Century       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-66 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M7HYK8GBK1D06EDE 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DU GANGJIAN 
Author-X-Name-First: DU 
Author-X-Name-Last: GANGJIAN 
Title:         Perfect the Use of Government Power, Work Conscientiously to Prevent Abuse of Power for Personal Gain       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-88 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2Q3MC5DDYU64A7V8 
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Author-Name: GAO PEIYONG 
Author-X-Name-First: GAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: PEIYONG 
Title:         The Key to Resolving the Problem of Income Distribution Lies in Standardizing and Regulating Governmental Behavior       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-44 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: ZHANG ZHUOJI 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHUOJI 
Title:         On the Question of the Construction of a Social Security System       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-76 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C0DUTFAJ03VRDWJE 
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Author-Name: JOSEPH FEWSMITH 
Author-X-Name-First: JOSEPH 
Author-X-Name-Last: FEWSMITH 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WANG SHAOGUANG 
Author-X-Name-First: WANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: SHAOGUANG 
Author-Name: HU ANGANG 
Author-X-Name-First: HU 
Author-X-Name-Last: ANGANG 
Author-Name: DING YUANZHU 
Author-X-Name-First: DING 
Author-X-Name-Last: YUANZHU 
Title:         The Social Instability Behind the Economic Prosperity       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-35 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2003 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
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Author-Name: WOLFGANG TAUBMANN 
Author-X-Name-First: WOLFGANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: TAUBMANN 
Title:         Guest Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9D442MA00Y5X0LB7 
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Author-Name: WOLFGANG TAUBMANN 
Author-X-Name-First: WOLFGANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: TAUBMANN 
Author-Name: THOMAS HEBERER 
Author-X-Name-First: THOMAS 
Author-X-Name-Last: HEBERER 
Author-Name: FAN JIE 
Author-X-Name-First: FAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: JIE 
Title:         Economic Structures and Changes in Rural Enterprises in China at the End of the Twentieth Century: The Privatization of Enterprises       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-88 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 36 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Abramowitz, M. 1986.
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 Per, and &Ouml;rjan Sj&Ouml;berg. 1993. "Township Enterprises: A Part of
 the World or a World Apart?" Paper presented at the National Workshop on
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 19-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>38</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Schädler, Monika. 1991. Provinzporträts der VR China. Geographie,
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 <BIBL>39</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Sjöberg, örjan, and Zhang Gang. 1995.
 "Soft Budget Constraints: An Analysis Based on a Survey of Chinese
 Township Enterprises." Paper presented at ECARD IV, Manchester, U.K.,
 November 9-12.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>40</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT>Sichuan sheng gongyeting (Bureau for Industry, Sichuan
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   <BIBL>42</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Taubmann, Wolfgang, and Fan Jie. 1995.
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     <BIBL>43</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Tyson, James, and Ann Tyson. 1995.
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     <BIBTEXT>Vermeer, E.B., ed. 1992. From Peasant to Entrepreneur: Growth
 and Change in Rural China. Wageningen: Pudoc.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>45</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Vickers, John, and George
 Yarrow. 1991. "Economic Perspectives on Privatization." Journal of
 Economic Perspectives 2: 111-32.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>46</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Watson, Andrew, and Harry X. Wu. 1994.
 "Regional Disparities in Rural Enterprise Growth." In Rural Enterprises in
 China, ed. Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, and Harry X. Wu, 69-92. New
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      <BIBTEXT>World Bank. 1999. Rural China: Transition and Development.
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   <REF>	<BIBL>48</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Wu, Harry X. 1994. "The
 Rural Industrial Enterprise Workforce." In Rural Enterprises in China, ed.
 Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, and Harry X. Wu, 117- 47. New York:
 Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>49</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Xiangzhen qiye tongji ziliao (Statistical Data on Rural
 Enterprises). Various Years. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>50</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Xiao
 chengzhen de fazhan zhengce yu shijian (Development Policies and Practice
 in Small Towns). 1994. Beijing: Zhongguo fazhan chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>51</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Yang, Minchuan.
 1994. "Reshaping Peasant Culture and Community: Rural Industrialization in
 a Chinese Village." Modern China (April): 157-79.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>52</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Yuan Enzhen, ed. 1993.
 Zhongguo siying jingji: xianzhuang, fazhan yu pinggu (China's private
 economy: status quo, development, and assessment). Shanghai: Shanghai
 renmin chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>53</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Zhang Gang and Per Ronn&aring;s. 1993. "The Capital
 Structure of Township Enterprises." Paper presented at the National
 Workshop on Rural Industrialisation in Post-Reform China, Beijing, October
 19-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>54</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Xiaoshan. 1995. "The Recent Reform in Chinese Rural
 Collective Enterprises." Paper presented at ECARD IV, Manchester, U.K.,
 November 9-12.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>55</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT>Zhongguo nongcun gongye nianjian (Yearbook of China's Rural
 Industry). Various Years. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>56</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Zhongguo
 nongcun tongji nianjian (China Rural Statistical Yearbook). Various Years.
 Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>57</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Zhongguo tongji nianjian (China
 Statistical Yearbook). Various Years. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji
 chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>58</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zhongguo xiangzhen qiye tongji nianjian (Statistical Yearbook of
 Rural Enterprises). Various Years. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji
 chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>59</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zweig, David. 1997. Freeing China's Farmers: Rural Restructuring
 in the Reform Era. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:36:y:2004:i:6:p:5-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LI WENJUN 
Author-X-Name-First: LI 
Author-X-Name-Last: WENJUN 
Title:         Financial Services Liberalization in China       
Abstract:
       This paper reviews first the process of financial services
 liberalization, mainly focusing on China's financial services sector,
 foreign banks, and foreign insurance institutions. Some statistical
 materials and data are used to sum up characteristics of China's financial
 services. The effects of China's financial services liberalization are
 examined, including both active effects and disadvantageous impacts, along
 with the effects on banking, insurance, and the stock industry. Regarding
 China's commitments following World Trade Organization (WTO) entry, China
 must take some countermeasures to open up its financial services.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LARG46B3JHQM167M 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Cao Fengqi. 1999.
 China's Finance: Reform, Development and Globalization. Beijing: Economics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Fan Weiping. 1999. "Thinking About the Status and Development of
 Banks with Foreign Capital in China." Social Science Transactions of
 Fuzhou University 2.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Jin Dehuan and Xu Jinliang. 2001. Report of
 China's Financial Development. Shanghai Finance University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Lin Zengyu. 1998. "On the Tactical Guidance of Foreign Capital
 Entering into the Chinese Insurance Market." Insurance Research
 8.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Mo Limei. 1999. "China's Finances Opening Up in Transition."
 Banks and Enterprises 1.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Peng Huihui. 2001. "Strategy and Tactics of
 China's Finances Opening Up Under WTO." Transactions of Hunan Tax High
 School 6.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Tan Shizhong. 2002. Strategic Choice of China's Finances Opening
 Up. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Wang Meng and Xu Yan. 1998.
 "China's Insurance Market Opening Up and its Countermeasures." Finance and
 Economy 6.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Yang Siqun. 1999. "Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of
 China's Financial Services' Liberalization Policy." Reform and Management
 of Enterprises 5.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Yuan Changjun. 2000. "Analysis of the Impact on the Chinese
 Financial Industry After Foreign Banks Enter China." Administration World
 2.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Hong. 2000. "Study of the Agreements of Financial Services
 Trade Under the WTO System." Transactions of Mid-South Finance University
 4.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zhao Xiangzhong. 1998. "China's Financial Industry's Opening Up."
 Social Scientist 5.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhu Bingkui and Liu Weijiang. 1999. "On
 Financial Services' Liberalization in the WTO and China's Strategy."
 Contemporary Economics 6.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:1:p:6-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LI WENJUN 
Author-X-Name-First: LI 
Author-X-Name-Last: WENJUN 
Title:         Capital Account Liberalization in China       
Abstract:
       This study reviews the course of capital account liberalization in
 China, focusing mainly on the course of China's current account
 liberalization, the current status of the capital account, restrictions on
 the capital account, and its costs. Some preconditions of realizing
 capital account liberalization in China are described. There are many
 differences between China and other countries that have realized capital
 account liberalization. Some general practices of capital account
 liberalization are briefly summarized. The analysis suggests that China
 should utilize a gradual process to unclog its capital account.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W8CJKW7UFPWAUB8W 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Cao Fengqi. 1999.
 China's Finance: Reform, Development and Internationalization. Beijing:
 Economics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT>Gao Haihong. 2001. "Opening Up the Chinese Capital Account."
 Working paper at www.iwep.org.cn.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Ge Yingpei. 2001. "The Conditions of
 Opening Up the Capital Account." Financial Theory and Practice
 12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Jiang Boke et al. 1999. Renminbi Convertibility and Capital
 Restrictions. Shanghai: Fudan University Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Li Wei. 1997. "Probing into
 Phases and Sequence of Renminbi Capital Accounts." Economic Problems
 11.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Li Yang and Wang Songqi. 2000. The Frontier of Chinese Financial
 Theory. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Meng Hao. 2001. "Analysis of
 Factors of Capital Flight in China." Finance and Insurance 6.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Tan Shizhong.
 2002. Strategic Choice of China's Finance Opening Up. Beijing: Social
 Science Literature Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Yang Jingbo and Jia Xiuling. 2002. "Choice
 of Exchange Rate and Capital Account Liberalization Under an Opening
 Economy." Financial Times. March 11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Zhao Linghua. 1999. "Perspective on
 Illegal Flow of Capital in China." International Economic Review
 3-4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:1:p:85-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHANG XIAODI 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIAODI 
Author-Name: LI XIAOZHONG 
Author-X-Name-First: LI 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIAOZHONG 
Title:         An Empirical Analysis of the Comparative Advantage of Chinese Foreign Trade Products       
Abstract:
       This article is an empirical analysis of the organization of Chinese
 exports, their comparative advantage, and technological structure, using
 the statistical data of Chinese foreign trade in recent years. The result
 demonstrates that labor-intensive products form the largest ratio of
 Chinese exports and also those that have the comparative advantage. The
 proportion of skill- and technology-intensive products is growing larger
 compared with the gross amount of general Chinese exports and among
 products with comparative advantage. However, compared with the average
 level in the world, the technology contained in Chinese exports is lower,
 and the growth of exports is mainly one of quantitative expansion. This
 article posits that the implementation of the strategy of sustainable
 development of foreign trade guided by competitive advantage is the
 necessary path for promoting the international competitive capacity of
 Chinese foreign trade products and obtaining more comparative interests.   
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=WALU657X7DL2XE71 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>------. 2002b. "A
 Comparative Analysis of the Trade Modes of the Three Major Chinese
 Provinces." Management World 12.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Krause, Lawrence B. 1984. "Australia's
 Comparative Advantage in International Trade." In The Australian Economy:
 A View from the North, ed. Richard E. Caves and Lawrence B. Krause.
 Sydney: George Allen & Unwin.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Lall, Sanjaya. 1999. "India's Manufactured
 Exports: Comparative Structure and Prospects." World Development 27, no.
 10: 1769-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>National Statistics Bureau. 2001. Chinese Statistics Yearbook.
 Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>------. 2003. Chinese Statistics Yearbook.
 Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Trade and Foreign Economy Statistics
 Department of National Statistics Bureau. 2002. Yearbook of Chinese
 Foreign Trade and Economy. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wang Chonggui.
 2002. "The Middle- and Long-Term Topic of Industrial Policy: Developing
 Technological Industries." Management World 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Wang Zixian. 2000. "Using
 Competitive Advantage as Guidance." International Trade 1.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wu Jianwei. 1999.
 International Industrial Competition and Market Absorption Capacity.
 Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore: Shanghai People's Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Yue Changjun. 2000. "The
 Transformation of the Structure of Our Country's Exports and an Empirical
 Analysis of Comparative Advantage." Exploration of International Economy
 and Trade 3.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Zhang Xiaodi. 2000. "Participation in the WTO Is Favorable for
 Promoting Technological Innovation in Our Country." Zhejiang Social
 Science 1.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Xiaodi and Li Xiaozhong. 2001a. "An Empirical Analysis of
 the Comparative Advantage of Chinese Foreign Trade Products."
 Technological Economy Studies of Quantitative Economy 12.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>------. 2001b.
 "Economic Globalization and the Development of the Theory of Comparative
 Advantage of Our Country." Academic Monthly 6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Zhang Xiaodi and Li
 Xiaozhong. 2002a. "An Empirical Analysis of the Structural Transformation
 of Our Country's Exports." Technological Economy Studies of Quantitative
 Economy 8.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>------. 2002b. "A Comparative Analysis of the Trade Modes of the
 Three Major Chinese Provinces." Management World 12.</BIBTEXT>      </REF> 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:1:p:38-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHANG TAO 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: TAO 
Title:         Utilization of Foreign Capital and Economic Growth in China       
Abstract:
       Since China's open-door policy was initiated in late 1978, there has
 been rapid increase in the numbers of foreign investors and foreign
 capital flows to China. The growing trend of foreign investment has been
 magnified by the improvement of economic circumstances and market-oriented
 economic development. This paper first reviews the history of the general
 situation of utilizing foreign capital in China, and then analyzes the
 important role of the utilization of foreign capital on China's economy.
 We use cointegration analysis and an error correction model (ECM) to
 identify the contribution of foreign investment to China's economic
 growth, and point out the negative effects of using foreign capital, which
 have implications for China's economic policy.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XXAJKAP82T4MKUJ9 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Aitken, Brian, and Ann
 Harrison. 1997. "Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct
 Investment?" Columbia University, mimeo.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>2</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Balasubramanyam, V.N., Mohammed
 Salisu, and David Sapsford. 1996. "Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in
 EP and IS Countries." Economic Journal 106 (January): 92-105.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Blomström,
 Magnus, and H&aring;kan Persson. 1983. "Foreign Investment and Spillover
 Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy: Evidence from the Mexican
 Manufacturing Industry." World Development 11, no. 6: 493-501.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Fry, Maxwell J.
 1993. "Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia: Differential Impacts."
 ISEAS Current Economic Affairs Series. Singapore: Institute of Southeast
 Asian Studies, ASEAN Economic Research Unit.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Kane, Edward J. 2000. "Capital
 Movements, Banking Insolvency, and Silent Runs in the Asian Financial
 Crisis." NBER Working Paper No. 7514.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Qian Xiaoan. 2000. "Capital Flows and
 Globalization." World Economy & China 3.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>7</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Shen Kunrong. 2000. "Capital Flows
 and Economic Growth in China." World Economy & China 1.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Sun Haishun. 1998.
 "Macroeconomic Impact of Direct Foreign Investment in China: 1979-1996."
 World Economy 21: 675-94.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Zhao Jinpin. 2001. Using Foreign Capital
 and Economic Growth in China. Beijing: Renmin Publishing House
 (June).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Zhu Xiaoqin. 2001. Using Foreign Capital and Guarding Against
 Financial Risks. Beijing: Huawen Publishing House (June).</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:1:p:62-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HM7TE2CFYUFLL7UJ 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: YAO XIANGUO 
Author-X-Name-First: YAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIANGUO 
Author-Name: SHENG LE 
Author-X-Name-First: SHENG 
Author-X-Name-Last: LE 
Title:         Analysis of the Differences in Economic Efficiency of Human Capital Property Rights Between State, Township, and Village Enterprises       
Abstract:
       The positive comparative analysis of state, township, and village
 enterprises (TVE) and of different types of publicly owned TVE shows that
 the differing levels of economic efficiencies among them are caused by the
 various ways of setting boundaries of the human capital property rights,
 not by the nature of material capital property rights, and, especially,
 that the definition of boundaries of the management's property rights of
 human capital is the main reason for the differences in economic
 efficiencies between the two types of enterprises.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-75 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JMXUTCPLJ4M38152 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Chen Jianbo. 1999. "The
 Obtainment and Choice of Technology of TVE in the Market Economy Process."
 Economic Studies 4.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Cheung, Steven N.S. 1983. "The Contractual Nature of the
 Firm." Journal of Law and Economics 26, no. 1: 1-21.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Coase, Ronald H. 1988.
 The Firm, the Market and the Law. Chicago: University of Chicago
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>------. 1937. "The Nature of the Firm." Economica
 (November).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Demsetz, Harold. 1967. "Toward a Theory of Property rights."
 American Economic Review 57, no. 2: 347-59.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Liu Xiaoxuan. 1995. "The
 Impacts of the Structure and Efficiency of the Property rights of the
 State and Nonstate Enterprises." Economic Studies 7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Sheng Le. 2001. "On the
 Two Factors of Property rights That Cause the Different Behaviors of
 Management." Economic Science 3.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Zhang Weiying. 1996. The Entrepreneur of
 Enterprise: Contract Theory. Shanghai: Sanlian Bookstore.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang Wuchang.
 1983. "The Contractual Nature of the Firm." Journal of Law and Economics
 4: 1-22.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Zhou Qiren. 1996. "Enterprises in the Market: A Special Contract
 Between Human and Nonhuman Capitals." Economic Studies 6.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>------. 1997.
 "The Return of Control Right and the Enterprises Controlled by
 Entrepreneurs: A Case Study on the Property rights of Human Capital of
 Entrepreneurs in the Economy of Public Ownership." Economic Studies
 5.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:56-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LU ZHENG 
Author-X-Name-First: LU 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHENG 
Title:         On the Comparative Advantage of Chinese Industries       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-15 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JUUFNCDK4VHWPCUL 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Cao Jianhai and Li
 Haijian. 2003. "On the New Industrial Path." China's Industrial Economy
 1.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Lu Zheng, Guo Kesha, and Zhang Qizhi. 2003. "On the Experiences
 and Lessons of the Traditional Industrial Path of Our Country." China's
 Industrial Economy 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>State Statistics Bureau. Chinese Statistics
 Yearbook, 1990-2003. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhu Gaofeng. 2003.
 Global Epoch-Making Made in China. Beijing: Social Scientific Works
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:6-15




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SHI JINCHUAN 
Author-X-Name-First: SHI 
Author-X-Name-Last: JINCHUAN 
Title:         Analysis of the Historical System of the Wenzhou Model : A View from the Perspective of Personalized Transaction and Nonpersonalized Transaction       
Abstract:
       This article uses the theoretical analysis of the historical system
 used to study the trade and industry of the Wenzhou model, which expounds
 three important issues about Wenzhou's economy and its people's economy
 from the perspective of personalized transaction and nonpersonalized
 transaction, and points out a possible trend in the development of
 Wenzhou's methodology.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-55 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=NB7H3M9E1T2D1016 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Greif, Avner. 2002.
 "Economic History and Game Theory." Comparison 2 (Beijing: Zhongxin
 Press).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>------. 2003. "Historical System Analysis: the New Development of
 Study from the Perspective of Economic History." Comparison of Economic
 Social Systems 5.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Han Yi. 2002. The Historical Analysis of Systems: The New
 Development of the Economic History of the Western Systems. Shenyang:
 Liaoning University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>North, Douglass C., and Robert P. Thomas.
 1999. The Rise of the Western World. Beijing: Huaxia Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Qian Tao. 2002.
 "Avner Greif's Historical System Analysis: Summary of a Document" (a draft
 for discussion, September).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Qin Hai. 2002. "The Historical Analysis of
 Systems." Comparison 4 (Beijing: Zhongxin Press).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Shi Jinchuan and Qian Tao.
 2003. "The Local Transformation and Economic Development of Taizhou: A
 Historical System Analysis" (a draft for discussion, December).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Shi Jinchuan,
 Jin Xiangrong, Zhao Wei, and Luo Weidong. 2002. System Transition and
 Economic Development: Study of the Mode of Wenzhou (Shenying: Liaoning
 University Press).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Statistics Bureau of Wenzhou city, ed. Statistical Analysis
 of Wenzhou 62, October 16, 2003.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:47-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WANG DEWEN 
Author-X-Name-First: WANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: DEWEN 
Author-Name: CAI FANG 
Author-X-Name-First: CAI 
Author-X-Name-Last: FANG 
Title:         Readjustment of Macroeconomic Policy and Growth of Farmers' Income       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-46 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P5YB7X12E4DDC7M4 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Carter, Colin, Zhong
 Funing, and Cai Fang. 1998. China's Grain Production and Trade: An
 Economic Analysis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Department of China Financial
 Society, ed. 1999-2001. Chinese Financial Almanac. Chinese Financial
 Society.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>State Statistics Bureau. 2002. Chinese Statistical Almanac
 (various years) and Chinese Statistical Summary. China Statistical
 Publisher.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Township Enterprise Bureau, Agricultural Ministry. 1991-2002.
 Chinese Township Enterprises' Almanac. China Agricultural
 Publisher.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Wang Dewen. 2002. "China's Agricultural Readjustment and Reform
 in the WTO Era." Social Sciences in China 23, no. 4 (Winter):
 94-104.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:29-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CAI FANG 
Author-X-Name-First: CAI 
Author-X-Name-Last: FANG 
Author-Name: WANG MEIYAN 
Author-X-Name-First: WANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: MEIYAN 
Title:         Irregular Employment and the Growth of the Labor Market : An Explanation of Employment Growth in China's Cities and Towns       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-28 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RW1F1JV1P0PHGYJG 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Benner, Chris. 1996.
 "Shock Absorbers in the Flexible Economy: The Rise of Contingent
 Employment in Silicon Valley." Working Partnerships USA, February 27, 2003
 (www.wpusa.org/pubs).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Cai Fang, ed. 2002. The Chinese Population
 and Report of Labor Issues: Issues and Strategies of Employment in Cities
 and Townships. Beijing: Works of Social Science Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Cai Fang, Du Yang,
 and Wang Meiyan. 2001. "The System of Residence Registration and
 Protection of the Labor Market." Economic Studies 12.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>International
 Labor Organization. 2001. Main Index System of the Labor Market (1999),
 trans. International Labor and Information Institute. Beijing: China Labor
 Social Security Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Office of the Population Census of the
 State Council, Statistics Department of Population and Social Science and
 Technology of the State Statistics Bureau, ed. 2002. The Materials of the
 Chinese Population Census 2000. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Rawski,
 Thomas G. 2001. "What's Happening to China's GDP Statistics?" China
 Economic Review 12, no. 4 (December): 298-302.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Xue Zhao. 2000. "The
 Development of Irregular Sectors and Increase of Irregular Employment."
 China Economic Times, December 6.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:16-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: GUO JINLONG 
Author-X-Name-First: GUO 
Author-X-Name-Last: JINLONG 
Author-Name: HAN SHENGJUN 
Author-X-Name-First: HAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: SHENGJUN 
Title:         Reforms of China's Foreign Exchange Regime and RMB Exchange-Rate Behavior       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-101 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=VNC2LEQE8CTKQBFV 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Calvo, Guillermo, and
 Carmen Reinhart. 2000. "Fear of Floating," NBER working paper, no. W7993
 (November).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Hernandez, Leonardo, and Peter J. Montiel. 2001. "Post-Crisis
 Exchange Rate Policy in Five Asian Countries: Filling in the 'Hollow
 Middle'?" IMF, Washington, D.C.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>McKinnon, Ronald I. 2000. "After the
 Crisis, the East Asian Dollar Standard Resurrected: An Interpretation of
 High-Frequency Exchange Rate Pegging." Stanford University
 (mimeo).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:2:p:76-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Author-Name: JULIUS H. JOHNSON, JR. 
Author-X-Name-First: JULIUS H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: JOHNSON, JR. 
Author-Name: YANDA XU 
Author-X-Name-First: YANDA 
Author-X-Name-Last: XU 
Title:         Winners and Losers : Foreign Firms in China's Emerging Market       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-16 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JHEMBA4JGK4CYBTV 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Fung, H.G., and K.H.
 Zhang, eds. 2002. Financial Markets and Foreign Direct Investment in
 Greater China. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Fung, H.G., C.H. Pei, and J.H.
 Johnson. 2003. China's Access to WTO and the Global Economy. Beijing:
 Yuhang Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Hu, A.G. 2000. "China's FDI Policy
 Direction." www.wuxibiz.com/invest/2000news/ 0215/13.htm.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Shuchman, L. 1998.
 "Remaking the Economy. Place Your Bets. Reality Check: Some Multinational
 Companies, Frustrated by Red Tape and Heated Competition, Are Scaling Back
 Their Grand Expectations." Wall Street Journal, April 30: R17.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:5-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SUSAN FLAHERTY 
Author-X-Name-First: SUSAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: FLAHERTY 
Author-Name: JOANNE LI 
Author-X-Name-First: JOANNE 
Author-X-Name-Last: LI 
Title:         Composite Performance Measures : Evidence on Chinese Stock Exchanges       
Abstract:
       With China's full liberalization of markets in 2007 due to its
 membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), interest in China as an
 investment market is increasing. With this increased interest and the
 growing transparency of China's financial markets, more focus is needed on
 measuring the inclusion of Chinese investment in an actively managed
 portfolio. We use four portfolio performance measures that are commonly
 used by industry professionals to analyze the performance of different
 indices in both the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The Sharpe
 measure, Treynor measure, Jensen's alpha, and compounded annual growth
 rate (CAGR) are used to analyze various stock index and composite
 performance for the period from 1994 to 2003. Also, we compare index
 performance for three subperiods: precrisis (1994-96), Asian crisis
 (1997-98), and postcrisis (1999-2003). This is an application of index
 data from the perspective of an average investor or fund manager who is
 interested in analyzing performance of sector-specific portfolios.
 Empirical results provide practical usage and insight for investors when
 considering the addition of such portfolios to enhance their overall
 portfolio's value. The results suggest that the Shanghai and Shenzhen
 B-share indices as well as the Shanghai utilities index provide enhanced
 return during our examined period.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-66 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=PDU7ULJ4P6RC6L5E 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Jensen, Michael C. 1968.
 "The Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period 1945-1964." Journal of
 Finance 23: 389-416.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Rawski, Thomas G. 2001. "What's Happening
 to China's GDP Statistics?" China Economic Review 12: 347-55.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Reilly, Frank
 K., and Keith C. Brown. 2000. Investment Analysis and Portfolio
 Management, 6th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Rosen, Daniel. 2001. "China
 and the World Trade Organization: An Economic Balance Sheet 1997."
 Available at www.chinaonline.com/commentary_analysis/d_rosen/
 ca_990707_rosen_pg1.asp, accessed February 21, 2004.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Sharpe, William F. 1966.
 "Mutual Fund Performance." Journal of Business 39: 119-38.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Treynor, Jack L.
 1965. "How to Rate Management of Investment Funds." Harvard Business
 Review 43: 63-75.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:39-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KAM C. CHAN 
Author-X-Name-First: KAM C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHAN 
Title:         Guest Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=QYUWAV10LQ3W8283 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: TAO ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-First: TAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHANG 
Author-Name: JIAN LI 
Author-X-Name-First: JIAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: LI 
Author-Name: PHIL MALONE 
Author-X-Name-First: PHIL 
Author-X-Name-Last: MALONE 
Title:         Closed-End Fund Discounts in Chinese Stock Markets       
Abstract:
       This paper provides further evidence on the role of the efficient
 market hypothesis and the rational asset pricing model in the explanation
 of Chinese closed-end fund discounts. The closed-end fund discount
 presents a potential anomaly to the efficient market hypothesis. The
 results of the AR-GARCH model show that, on average, there is no
 significant relation between closed-end fund discounts and stock returns.
 In general, a closed-end fund discount has no predicting ability. Overall,
 our analysis does not support the investor sentiment hypothesis and
 limited rationality model in the Chinese stock markets.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-38 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=TC3130NRWCKGWXUA 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Arak, M., and D. Taylor.
 1996. "Risk and Return in Trading Closed-End Country Funds: Can Trading
 Beat Holding Foreign Stocks?" Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance
 36: 219-32.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Bollerslev, T. 1986. "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional
 Heteroscedasticity." Journal of Econometrics 31: 307-27.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Brauer, G.A. 1984.
 "Open-Ending Closed-End Funds." Journal of Financial Economics 13:
 491-507.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Chen, N., R. Kan, and M. Miller. 1993. "Are the Discounts on
 Closed-End Funds a Sentiment Index?" Journal of Finance 48:
 795-800.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Darrat, A.F., and M. Zhong. 2000. "On Testing the Random-Walk
 Hypothesis: A Model-Comparison Approach." Financial Review 35:
 105-24.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Greene, William H. 2002. Econometric Analysis, 5th ed. Upper
 Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Hardouvelis, G., Rafael La Porta, and T.
 Wizman. 1994. "What Moves the Discount on Country Equity Funds?" In The
 Internationalization of Equity Markets. Chicago: University of Chicago
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Haugen, R., and J. Lakonishok. 1988. The Incredible January
 Effect. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Lee, C.M.C., A. Shleifer, and R.H.
 Thaler. 1991. "Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle." Journal
 of Finance 46: 75-109.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Levy-Yeyati, E., and A. Ubide. 2000.
 "Crises, Contagion, and the Closed-End Country Fund Puzzle." International
 Monetary Fund Staff Papers 47 (1).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Malkiel, B.G. 1977. "The Valuation of
 Closed-End Investment-Company Shares." The Journal of Finance 32:
 847-59.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Neal, R., and S.M. Wheatley. 1998. "Do Measures of Investor
 Sentiment Predict Returns?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis
 33: 523-48.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Swaminathan, B. 1996. "Time-Varying Expected Small Firm Returns
 and Closed-End Fund Discounts." Review of Financial Studies 3:
 845-87.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Thompson, R. 1978. "The Information Content of Discounts and
 Premiums on Closed-end Fund Shares." Journal of Financial Economics 6:
 151-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:17-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: XIANG CAI 
Author-X-Name-First: XIANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: CAI 
Author-Name: CHAO CHEN 
Author-X-Name-First: CHAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHEN 
Title:         Corporate Control, Restructuring, and Firm Performance in China       
Abstract:
       For most companies in China, especially privately owned enterprises,
 going public to raise external funds is very difficult. Therefore,
 entering the capital market through corporate control of a publicly listed
 firm provides a plausible channel for private firms to raise funds
 externally. The decision to acquire a publicly listed company in China is
 often motivated by buying the "shell" (opportunity of financing through
 public offering) of the target, instead of operation synergy. When the
 largest shareholder of a publicly listed firm passes his shares on to a
 new owner, the newly acquired firm tends to engage in large-scale
 corporate restructuring. This article focuses on two of the most popular
 ownership-restructuring strategies utilized in China's capital market:
 negotiated ownership transfer and ownership transfer without payment. We
 also examine the performance of acquired firms after the ownership change
 and the effects that restructuring has upon the firm	 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-86 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=TTKB73HMMJLYDPMP 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Barclay, Michael, and
 Clifford G. Holderness. 1991. "Negotiated Block Trades and Corporate
 Control." Journal of Finance 46: 861-78.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>2</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Bhagat, Sanjal, James A. Brickley,
 and Uri Loewenstein. 1987. "The Pricing Effects of Interfirm Cash Tender
 Offers." Journal of Finance 42: 965-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Bradley, M., A. Desai, and E.H. Kim.
 1983. "The Rationale Behind Inter-Firm Tender Offers: Information or
 Synergy?" Journal of Financial Economics 11: 183-206.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>--------. 1988.
 "Synergistic Gains from Corporate Acquisitions and Their Division Between
 the Stockholders of Target and Acquiring Firms." Journal of Financial
 Economics 21: 3-40.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>5</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Chatterjee, Sayan. 1992. "Sources of Value in Takeovers:
 Synergy or Restructuring: Implications for Target and Bidder Firms."
 Strategic Management Journal 13: 267- 86.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Chatterjee, Sayan, Michael H.
 Lubatin, and David M. Schweiger. 1992. "Cultural Differences and
 Shareholder Value in Related Mergers: Linking Equity and Human Capital."
 Strategic Management Journal 13: 319-34.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>7</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Chen Xinyuan and Zhang Tianyu. 1999.
 "The Market Reaction of Asset Restructuring: The Empirical Analysis of
 Asset Restructuring of the Shanghai Stock Market in 1997." Economic
 Research 9: 47-55 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Datta, Deepak K., and John H. Grant. 1990.
 "Relationships Between Type of Acquisition, the Autonomy Given to the
 Acquired Firm, and Acquisition Success: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of
 Management 16: 29-44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Dennis, Debra K., and John J. McConnell.
 1986. "Corporate Mergers and Security Returns." Journal of Financial
 Economics 16: 143-87.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Franks, Julian R., and Robert S. Harris.
 1989. "Shareholder Wealth Effect of Corporate Takeovers: The U.K.
 Experience 1955-1985." Journal of Financial Economics 23:
 225-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Fowler, Karen, and Dennis R. Schmidt. 1989. "Determinants of
 Tender Offer Post-Acquisition Financial Performance." Strategic Management
 Journal 10: 339-50.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Healy, Paul M., Krishna G. Palepu, and
 Richard S. Ruback. 1992. "Does Corporate Performance Improve After
 Mergers?" Journal of Financial Economics 31: 135-75.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Holderness, C.G., and
 D.P. Sheehan. 1988. "The Role of Majority Shareholders in Publicly Held
 Corporations: An Exploratory Analysis." Journal of Financial Economics 20:
 317-46.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Huang, Yen-Sheng, and Ralph A. Walkling. 1987. "Abnormal Returns
 Associated with Acquisition Announcement: Payment, Acquisition Form, and
 Managerial Resistance." Journal of Financial Economics 19:
 329-50.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Jarrell, G.A., J.A. Brickley, and J.M. Netter. 1988. "The Market
 for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence Since 1980." Journal of
 Economic Perspectives 2: 49-68.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Jensen, M.C., and R.S. Ruback. 1983. "The
 Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence." Journal of
 Financial Economics 11: 5-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Li Shanmin and Chen Yugang. 2002. "The
 Wealth Effect of M&As of Listed Firms." Economic Research 11: 27-35 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Lu Guoqing. 2000. "The Performance of Different Types of Asset
 Restructuring of Listed Firms in China." Economic Science 6 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Manne, H.G. 1965. "Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control."
 Journal of Political Economy 73: 110-20.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>20</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Mitchell, Mark L., and Harold J.
 Mulhrtinz. 1996. "The Impact of Industry Shocks on Takeover and
 Restructuring Activity." Journal of Financial Economics 41:
 193-229.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Mueller, D.C. 1969. "A Theory of Conglomerate Mergers." Quarterly
 Journal of Economics 83: 643-59.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Ravenscraft, David J., and F.M. Scherer.
 1987a. "Life After Takeover." Journal of Industrial Economics 36:
 147-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1987b. Mergers, Sell-offs, and Economic Efficiency,
 Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Schmidt, Dennis R., and Karen
 Fowler. 1990. "Post-Acquisition Financial Performance and Executive
 Compensation." Strategic Management Journal 11: 559-69.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Singh, Harbir,
 and Cynthia A. Montgomery. 1987. "Corporate Acquisition Strategies and
 Economic Performance." Strategic Management Journal 8: 377-86.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>26</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Sun Zheng and
 Li Zengquan. 2001. "Changes of Corporate Control and Firm Performance."
 Working paper, Shanghai University of Economics and Finance (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Wang Jiwei. 2002. "Governance Role of Different State
 Shareholders for China's Listed Companies." Working paper, Hong Kong
 University of Science and Technology.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>28</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Wang Kun. 2003. "From Government to
 Corporation: Largest Shareholder's Change and Firm Performance." Working
 paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Wansley, James
 W., William R. Lane, and Ho C. Yang. 1983. "Abnormal Returns to Acquired
 Firms by Type of Acquisition and Method of Payment." Financial Management
 (Autumn): 16-22.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Xue Shuang. 2002. "Ownership Changes of Largest
 Shareholders, Asset Restructuring, and Stock Prices." In Proceedings of
 2002 Global Finance Association Annual Conference, Beijing University (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Yang Chaojun, Cai Mingchao, and Liu Bo. 2000. "The Stock-Price
 Behavior of Changes of Corporate Control." In Advanced Research of China's
 Capital Markets, ed. Liu Shucheng and Shen Pei, 224-32. Beijing: Social
 Science Literature Publishing Company (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Xin. 2003. "Do M&As
 Create Value?" Working paper, Nankai University (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>33</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Zhu Baoxian and
 Wang Yikai. 2002. "The Effect of M&As of China's Listed Firms in 1998."
 Economic Research 11: 20-26 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:67-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: GONGMENG CHEN 
Author-X-Name-First: GONGMENG 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHEN 
Author-Name: MICHAEL FIRTH 
Author-X-Name-First: MICHAEL 
Author-X-Name-Last: FIRTH 
Author-Name: YU XIN 
Author-X-Name-First: YU 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIN 
Title:         The Price-Volume Relationship in China's Commodity Futures Markets       
Abstract:
       This study examines the relationship between returns and trading
 volume of four actively traded commodity futures contracts in China.
 Correlation analyses and Granger causality tests are used to investigate
 contemporaneous and lead-lag relationships between trading volume and both
 signed and absolute return. We find that the contemporaneous correlations
 between return and trading volume are not significantly different from
 zero, and there is no linearly significant causality following from
 trading volume to return or from return to trading volume. However, the
 contemporaneous correlations between absolute return and trading volume
 are significantly positive in all futures markets, and there is a
 significant relationship of causality following from absolute return to
 trading volume, which contradicts the mixture of distributions hypothesis
 and supports the sequential information arrival hypothesis in all of the
 futures markets examined except for aluminum futures. We also find a
 significant causality following from trading volume to absolute
 settlement-to-settlement return in the copper (subsample 1) futures
 market, but not in the copper (subsample 2) futures market.	
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-122 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=UYXNE50TMANHLL8Y 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Bessembinder, H., and
 P.J. Seguin. 1993. "Price Volatility, Trading Volume and Market Depth:
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	<BIBTEXT>Blume, L., D. Easley, and M. O'Hara. 1994. "Market
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 <BIBTEXT>China Securities Regulatory Commission. 1999. The Examination
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	<BIBTEXT>Ciner, C. 2002. "Information Content of Volume: An
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 Mackinnon. 1993. Estimation and Inference in Economics. Oxford: Oxford
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       <BIBTEXT>DeLong, J., A. Shleifer, L. Summers, and B. Waldmann. 1990.
 "Positive Feedback, Investment Strategies and Destabilizing Rational
 Speculation." Journal of Finance 45: 379-95.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Epps, T.W., and M.L. Epps.
 1976. "The Stochastic Dependence of Security Price Changes and Transaction
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 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Foster, A.J. 1995. "Volume-Volatility
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 <BIBTEXT>Fujihara, R.A., and M. Mougoue. 1997. "An Examination of Linear
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 <BIBTEXT>Gallant, A.R., P.E. Rossi, and G. Tauchen. 1992. "Stock Prices
 and Volume." Review of Financial Studies 5: 199-242.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Garcia, P., R. Leuthold,
 and H. Zapata. 1986. "Lead-lag Relationships Between Trading Volume and
 Price Variability: New Evidence." Journal of Futures Markets 6:
 1-10.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Grammatikos, T., and A. Saunders. 1986. "Futures Price
 Variability: A Test of Maturity and Volume Effects." Journal of Business
 59: 319-30.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Granger, C.W.J. 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by
 Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods." Econometrica 37:
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 <BIBTEXT>Gujarati, D.N. 1995. Basic Econometrics (international edition).
 Singapore: McGraw-Hill Inc.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Harris, L. 1984. "The Joint Distribution
 of Speculation Prices and of Daily Trading Volume." Working Paper No.
 34-84. Department of Finance and Business Economics, University of
 Southern California, Los Angeles.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>--------. 1986. "Cross-Security Tests of
 Mixture of Distributions Hypothesis." Journal of Financial and
 Quantitative Analysis 21: 39-46.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>--------. 1987. "Transaction Data Tests of
 the Mixture of Distributions Hypothesis." Journal of Financial and
 Quantitative Analysis 22: 127-41.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Harris, M., and A. Raviv. 1993.
 "Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race." Review of Financial Studies 6:
 473-506.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Herbert, J.H. 1995. "Trading Volume, Maturity and Natural Gas
 Futures Price Volatility." Energy Economics 17: 293-99.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Hiemstra, C., and
 J. Jones. 1994. "Testing for Linear and Nonlinear Granger Causality in the
 Stock Price-Volume Relation." Journal of Finance 49: 1639-64.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Jennings, R.H.,
 L.T. Starks, and J.C. Fellingham. 1981. "An Equilibrium Model of Asset
 Trading with Sequential Information Arrival." Journal of Finance 36:
 143-61.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Karpoff, J.M. 1987. "The Relation Between Price Changes and
 Trading Volume: A Survey." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis
 22: 109-26.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>28</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1988. "Costly Short Sales and the Correlation of
 Returns with Volume." Journal of Financial Research 11: 173-88.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>29</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Kocagil,
 A.E., and Y. Shachmurove. 1998. "Return-Volume Dynamics in Futures
 Markets." Journal of Futures Markets 18: 399-426.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Lee, B.S., and O.M. Rui.
 2001. "Empirical Identification of Non-Informational Trades Using Trading
 Volume Data." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 17:
 327-50.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>31</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Li, Q. 1999. Theory and Practice in China's Futures Markets.
 Beijing: China Finance and Economic Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>McCarthy, J., and
 M. Najand. 1993. "State Space Modeling of Price and Volume Dependence:
 Evidence from Currency Futures." Journal of Futures Markets 13:
 335-44.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>33</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Moosa, A.I., and N.E. Al-Loughani. 1995. "Testing the
 Price-Volume Relation in Emerging Asian Stock Markets." Journal of Asian
 Economics 6: 407-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Pindyck, R.S., and D.L. Rubinfeld. 1998.
 Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts (international edition).
 Singapore: McGraw-Hill Companies.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>35</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Rutledge, D.J.S. 1979. "Trading Volume and
 Price Variability: New Evidence on the Price Effects of Speculation." In
 International Futures Trading Seminar, 160-74. Chicago: Chicago Board of
 Trade.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Shalen, C.T. 1993. "Volume, Volatility, and the Dispersion of
 Beliefs." Review of Financial Studies 6: 405-34.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>37</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Smirlock, M., and L. Starks.
 1988. "An Empirical Analysis of the Stock Price-Volume Relationship."
 Journal of Financial Research 8: 31-41.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>38</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Suominen, M. 1996. "Trading Volume
 and Information Revelation in Stock Markets." Working paper, Department of
 Economics, University of Pennsylvania.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>39</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Tauchen, G., and M. Pitts. 1983. "The
 Price Variability-Volume Relationship on Speculative Markets."
 Econometrica 59: 371-96.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>40</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wang, J. 1994. "A Model of Competitive
 Stock Trading Volume." Journal of Political Economy 102: 127-68.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>41</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Westerfield,
 R. 1977. "The Distribution of Common Stock Price Changes: An Application
 of Transactions Time and Subordinated Stochastic Models." Journal of
 Financial and Quantitative Analysis 12: 743-65.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>42</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Williams, J., A. Peck, A.
 Park, and S. Rozelle. 1998. "The Emergence of a Futures Market: Mungbeans
 on the China Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange." Journal of Futures Markets 18:
 427-48.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>43</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Zhu, G.H. 1999. The Research for China's Futures Markets.
 Beijing: China Commerce Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:3:p:87-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KUI-WAI LI 
Author-X-Name-First: KUI-WAI 
Author-X-Name-Last: LI 
Author-Name: JUN MA 
Author-X-Name-First: JUN 
Author-X-Name-Last: MA 
Title:         The Economic Intricacies of Banking Reform in China       
Abstract:
       This article discusses some of the economic constraints facing the
 efficient performance of Chinese banks. While the condition of accession
 to the World Trade Organization (WTO) requires that banking in China will
 open to foreign competition by 2006, large nonperformance loans and the
 lack of international accounting standards continue to plague Chinese
 banks. This article considers the theory of financial liberalization and
 the social function of banks and uses bank data to simulate the effective
 operations of four policy instruments of greater interest-rate spread, tax
 and cost reduction, and recapitalization. Recapitalization, either by the
 government or from foreign sources, is the most effective instrument in
 eliminating nonperforming loans. Despite some favorable recent
 developments, the article concludes that there should be no further delay
 in effective bank reform in China.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-77 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H8MMJP424YWCNTU2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Alton, Gilbert R. 1984.
 "Bank Market Structure and Competition." Journal of Money, Credit and
 Banking 19, no. 4 (November): 617-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Byrd, William. 1983. China's Financial
 System. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Cheung, Tai Ming. 1996. "Can PLA Inc. Be
 Tamed?" Institutional Investor (July): 41-49.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Chow, Gregory C., and Kui-Wai
 Li. 2002. "China's Economic Growth: 1952-2010." Economic Development and
 Cultural Change 51, no. 1 (October): 247-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Dickie, Robert B. 1981.
 "Development of Third World Securities Markets." Law and Policy in
 International Business 13: 177-222.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Dipchand, Cecil R., Yichun Zhang, and
 Mingjia Ma. 1994. The Chinese Financial System. Westport, CT: Greenwood
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>East Asia Analytical Unit. 1999. Asia's Financial Markets:
 Capitalising on Reform. Canberra, ACT: Department of Foreign Affairs and
 Trade.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Fama, Eugene. 1980. "Banking in the Theory of Finance." Journal
 of Monetary Economics 6: 39-57.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>--------. 1985. "What's Different About
 Banks?" Journal of Monetary Economics 15: 29-39.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Hemming, Richard, and Ali M.
 Mansoor. 1988. Privatization and Public Enterprises. Occasional Paper No.
 56, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Hughes, Neil C. 1998.
 "Smashing the Iron Rice Bowl." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 4 (July/ August):
 67-77.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Jensen, Michael C., and Richard S. Ruback. 1983. "The Market for
 Corporate Control." Journal of Financial Economics 11: 5-50.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Jun, Kwang, and
 Saori N. Katada. 1997. "Official Flows to China: Recent Trends and Major
 Characteristics." In Financing China Trade and Investment, ed. Kui-Wai Li,
 163-82. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>14</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Li, Kui-Wai. 1994. Financial
 Repression and Economic Reform in China. Westport, CT: Praeger.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>--------.
 1996. Some Thoughts on China's 1995 Bank Reform. Working Paper Series No.
 78, Department of Economics and Finance, City University of Hong Kong
 (May).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003. China's Capital and Productivity Measurement
 Using Financial Resources. Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No.
 851, Yale University (February).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Ma, Jun. 2001. China Economic Outlook
 2001. Deutsche Bank Hong Kong (January).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>18</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>McKinnon, Donald. 1973. Money and
 Capital in Economic Development. Washington DC: Brookings Institution
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Ng, Sally, and Craig Turton. 2001. PRC vs. International
 Accounting Standards. Deutsche Bank Hong Kong (January).</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Nyaw, Mee-Kau.
 1997. "The Development of Direct Foreign Investment in China." In
 Financing China Trade and Investment, ed. Kui-Wai Li, 55-88.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Pohl, Gerhard.
 1995. "Banking Reforms in Russia and Eastern Europe." Journal of
 International Banking and Financial Law 10, no. 9 (October):
 432-36.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>22</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Santomero, Anthony M. 1984. "Modeling the Banking Firm." Journal
 of Money, Credit and Banking 16, no. 4: 576-616.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Saunders, A., and A.
 Sommariva. 1993. "Banking Sector and Restructuring in Eastern Europe."
 Journal of Banking and Finance 17, no. 5 (September): 931-58.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Shaw, Edward.
 1973. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. New York: Oxford
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>25</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Shih, Victor. 2004. "Factions Matter: Personal Networks and
 the Distribution of Bank Loans in China." Journal of Contemporary China
 13, no. 38 (February): 3-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Tang, Xu, and Kui-Wai Li. 1997. "Money and
 Banking in China." In Financing China Trade and Investment, ed. Kui-Wai
 Li, 13-42.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>27</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>World Bank. 1997. China 2030. Washington DC: World Bank
 (September).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Wu, Jinglian. 1993. Corruption: Exchange of Power and Money.
 Beijing: China Economic Publishers (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Yi, Gang. 1994. Money,
 Banking and Financial Markets in China. Boulder, CO: Westview
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:4:p:50-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HHPE9025M4UAPFLF 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:4:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Author-Name: QINGFENG "WILSON" LIU 
Author-X-Name-First: QINGFENG "WILSON" 
Author-X-Name-Last: LIU 
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Venture Capital Cycle, Opportunities, and Challenges in China       
Abstract:
       The venture capital industry in China has been developing rapidly
 since the early 1990s and venture capital has been playing a more and more
 important role in the development of small and medium-sized businesses,
 particularly those in the high-tech industry. The authorities recently
 adopted more flexible regulations to encourage the development of domestic
 venture capital and inflows of foreign venture capital funds. This article
 documents the changes in regulatory framework, discusses the three stages
 of venture capital cycle in China--fund-raising, disbursement, and
 exit--and analyzes the opportunities and challenges existing in China's
 venture capital industry.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-49 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KNHU5VBPMNCNWTYF 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>"Asian: Uninspired and
 Cautious." Asia Pacific Venture Capital 2002 year-end report, news release
 by Thomson, www.thomsonfinancial.com.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Asian Development Bank. 2003. Asian
 Development Outlook 2003. New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Business Asia.
 2002. "Regulatory Watch: China." Business Asia 34, no. 2 (January):
 9.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Canham, Janine, and Chris Southorn. 2001. "Tapping China's
 Venture Capital Market: A Legal Perspective." CMS Cameron McKenna,
 www.altassets.com/casefor/countries/ 2001/nz3769.php.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Folta, H. Paul.
 1999. "The Rise of Venture Capital in China." China Business Review 26,
 no. 6 (November-December): 6-16.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Fung, H.G., and Q. Liu. 2005. "China's
 Financial Reform in Banking and Securities Markets." In China and the
 Challenge of Economic Globalization: The Impact of WTO Membership, ed.
 H.G. Fung, C.H. Pei, and K.H. Zhang. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Gompers, Paul,
 and Josh Lerner. 2000. The Venture Capital Cycle. Cambridge: MIT
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Huang, Jack T.J. 2003. "China Focuses on Venture Capital and M&A:
 New Rules on Foreign VC Investments Open up Easier Access." Jones Day
 Commentaries (August).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Jingu, Takeshi. 2002. "Moving Forward in
 Reforming China's Capital Market." Nomura Research Institute Paper, No. 40
 (January 1).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Marson, Allan, Matthew McGinn, and Flora Huang. 2002. "New Ways
 Out for Venture Capital Investors in China." China Business Review
 (July-August): 30-35.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>1998 Guide to Venture Capital in Asia,
 Asian Venture Capital Journal. Hong Kong: AVCJ Group Ltd.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Rules on
 Administration of Foreign-Invested Venture Capital Investment Enterprises
 (took effect on March 1, 2003).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>2003 Asian Guide to Venture Capital, Asian
 Venture Capital Journal. Hong Kong: AVCJ Group Ltd.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Xiao, Wei. 2002. "The New
 Economy and Venture Capital in China." Perspectives 3, no. 6,
 www.oycf.org/Perspectives/18_093002/Economy_Venture_China.htm.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>15</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Xu, Lilai, and
 Hernan Riquelme. 2002. "Venture Capitalists' Decision Criteria and
 Implications for China." Venture Capital (La Trobe University,
 Australia).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Xu, Xiaoqing Eleanor. 2001. "Venture Capital Finance in China."
 Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures 1, no. 1:
 11-23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>       
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 China. Private Equity and Venture Capital 2002." International Financial
 Law Review 57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:4:p:28-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WAI-MING FONG 
Author-X-Name-First: WAI-MING 
Author-X-Name-Last: FONG 
Author-Name: KEVIN C.K. LAM 
Author-X-Name-First: KEVIN C.K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: LAM 
Title:         Privatization and Performance : The Experience of Firms in China       
Abstract:
       This article investigates the effects of privatization on corporate
 performance in China. We focus on two very different industries: the
 manufacturing industry--the largest (relatively) competitive industry in
 China--and the basic material industry--the largest industry protected and
 closely monitored by the central government. We find that privatization to
 the domestic public has only a small positive effect on corporate
 performance for the manufacturing industry, but does not have any effect
 for the basic material industry, suggesting that privatization does not
 work when competition does not prevail. We also find that privatization to
 institutions hurts corporate performance for the manufacturing industry,
 but not for the basic material industry, suggesting that control by legal
 person shares often means additional layers of bureaucracy and higher
 agency costs, unless the central government closely monitors the firms,
 mitigating the agency problems.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-27 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LJFK81KHVFKVVTJY 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Aharony, J., J. Lee, and
 T.J. Wong. 2000. "Financial Packaging of IPO Firms in China." Journal of
 Accounting Research 38: 103-26.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Altman, E. 1993. Corporate Financial
 Distress and Bankruptcy, 2d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Aussenegg, W.,
 and R. Jelic. 2002. "Operating Performance of Privatized Companies in
 Transition Economies: The Case of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech
 Republic." Working paper, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, and
 University of Birmingham, U.K.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Barberis, N., M. Boycko, A. Shleifer, and
 N. Tsukanova. 1996. "How Does Privatization Work? Evidence from the
 Russian Shops." Journal of Political Economy 104: 764-90.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Black, B., R.
 Kraakman, and A. Tarassova. 2000. "Russian Privatization and Corporate
 Governance: What Went Wrong?" Stanford Law Review 52: 1731-808.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Boardman, A.,
 and A. Vining. 1989. "Ownership and Performance in Competitive
 Environments: A Comparison of the Performance of Private, Mixed, and
 State-owned Enterprises." Journal of Law and Economics 32: 1-33.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Boycko, M.,
 A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny. 1996. "A Theory of Privatization." Economic
 Journal 106: 309-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Broadman, H., and G. Xiao. 1997. "The
 Coincidence of Material Incentives and Moral Hazard in Chinese
 Enterprises." Development Discussion Paper No. 606, Harvard Institute for
 International Development, Harvard University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Claessens, S., S. Djankov, and
 O. Pohl. 1997. Ownership and Corporate Governance: Evidence from the Czech
 Republic. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>DeFond, M., T.J. Wong, and S. Li. 2000.
 "The Impact of Improved Auditor Independence on Audit Market Concentration
 in China." Journal of Accounting and Economics 28: 269-305.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>D'Souza, J., and
 W. Megginson. 1999. "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized
 Firms During the 1990s." Journal of Finance 54: 1397-438.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Earle, J. 1998.
 "Post-Privatization Ownership and Productivity in Russian Industrial
 Enterprises." SITE Working Paper 127, Stockholm School of
 Economics.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Earle, J., and S. Estrin. 1998. "Privatization, Competition, and
 Budget Constraints: Disciplining Enterprises in Russia." SITE Working
 Paper 128, Stockholm School of Economics.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>14</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Frydman, R., K. Pistor, and A.
 Rapaczynski. 1996. "Exit and Voice After Mass Privatization: The Case of
 Russia." European. Economic Review 40: 581-88.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Frydman, R., A. Rapaczynski,
 and J. Turkewitz. 1997. "Transition to a Private Property Regime in the
 Czech Republic and Hungary." In Economies in Transition: Comparing Asia
 and Europe, ed. W.T. Woo, J.D. Sachs, and S. Parker. London: MIT
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Frydman, R., C. Gray, M. Hessel, and A. Rapaczynski. 1999. "When
 Does Privatization Work? The Impact of Private Ownership on Corporate
 Performance in the Transition Economies." Quarterly Journal of Economics
 114: 1153-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT>Groves, T., Y. Hong, J. McMilland, and B. Naughton. 1995.
 "China's Evolving Managerial Labor Market." Journal of Political Economy
 103: 873-92.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Harper, J.T. 2001. "Short-Term Effects of Privatization on
 Operating Performance in the Czech Republic." Journal of Financial
 Research 24: 119-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>La Porta, R., and F. López-de-Silanes.
 1999. "The Benefits of Privatization: Evidence from Mexico," Quarterly
 Journal of Economics 114: 1193-242.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Lin, J.Y., F. Cai, and Z. Li. 1996. The
 China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic Reform. Hong Kong:
 Chinese University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>--------. 2001. State-Owned Enterprise
 Reform in China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Martin, S., and
 D. Parker. 1995. "Privatization and Economic Performance Throughout the
 U.K. Business Cycle." Managerial and Decision Economics 16:
 225-37.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Moore, J. 1992. "British Privatization: Taking Capitalism to the
 People." Harvard Business Review (Jan./Feb.): 115-24.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>OECD
 (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2000. China in
 the Global Economy: Reforming China's Enterprises. Paris: OECD.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Pistor, K.,
 and A. Spicer. 1996. "Investment Funds in Mass Privatization and Beyond:
 Evidence from the Czech Republic and Russia." Private Sector, World Bank
 (December): 33-36.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>26</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Pohl, G., R. Anderson, S. Claessens, and S. Djankov. 1997.
 "Privatization and Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe." Technical
 Paper No. 368. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>27</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Qi, D., W. Wu, and H. Zhang.
 2000. "Shareholding Structure and Corporate Performance of Partially
 Privatized Firms: Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies." Pacific-Basin
 Finance Journal 8: 587-610.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>28</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Qian, Y. 1995. "Enterprise Governance
 Structure and Financial Reform," Economic Research 1: 20-29 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Shirley, M., and J. Nellis. 1991. Public Enterprise Reform: The
 Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Sun, Q., and W. Tong.
 2000. "The Effect of Market Segmentation on Stock Prices: The China
 Syndrome." Journal of Banking and Finance 24: 1875-902.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003.
 "China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success." Journal of
 Financial Economics 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Sun, Q., W. Tong, and J. Tong. 2002. "How
 Does Government Ownership Affect Firm Performance? Evidence from China's
 Privatization Experience." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 29:
 1-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>33</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Vickers, J., and G. Yarrow. 1988. Privatization: An Economic
 Analysis. Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Xu, W. 1999. "Financial and Accounting
 Issues in SOE Reforms." In Development of China Accounting and Finance,
 ed. G. Chen, D. Hsia, and P. Cho. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>35</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Xu, X., and Y. Wang. 1999. "Ownership Structure and Corporate
 Governance in Chinese Stock Companies." China Economic Review 10:
 75-98.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Yarrow, G. 1986. "Privatization in Theory and Practice." Economic
 Policy 2: 324-64.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>37</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Zhang, W. 1999. Qiyelilun yu Zhongguo qiyegaige (Theory of
 the firm and Chinese enterprise reform). Beijing: Beijing University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:4:p:5-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LIN GUIJUN 
Author-X-Name-First: LIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: GUIJUN 
Author-Name: RONALD M. SCHRAMM 
Author-X-Name-First: RONALD M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: SCHRAMM 
Title:         China's Progression Toward Currency Convertibility : A Review and Assessment       
Abstract:
       This article takes a closer look at the process of China's foreign
 exchange reform since 1979. It describes major policy changes, assesses
 their effects, and identifies challenges in furthering the process of
 capital account liberalization. The paper concludes that the core of
 China's foreign exchange reform since 1979 has been a gradual
 transformation of its exchange allocation mechanism, from one that was
 governed by central planning to one in which market forces play a
 significant role. The entire reform process is characterized by
 substantial trade liberalization, initial official exchange-rate
 adjustments, exchange-market development, easing restrictions for current
 international transactions, and the establishment of a capital account
 control framework. China has moved to the last frontier of its exchange
 reform. Prior reforms had generally focused on the gradual liberalization
 of the current account and inward direct investment, aimed at
 strengthening the real sector and export capacity of the economy.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-100 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XT8EGVV7DHPWDR90 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Balassa, B. 1961.
 "Patterns of Industrial Growth: Comment." American Economic Review 51
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 "China's Foreign Exchange Reforms." Unpublished manuscript (in
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 Gemmel. 1991. "Explaining Service-Price Differences in International
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 Marcus. 1962. "Domestic Financial Policies Under Fixed and Under Floating
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 "A Tough Balancing Act." China Business Review 20, no. 6: 9-14.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Greene,
 Joshua E., and Peter Isard. 1991. "Currency Convertibility and the
 Transformation of Centrally Planned Economies." IMF Occasional Paper 81.
 Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Gunter, F.R. 1996. "Capital
 Flight from the People's Republic of China: 1984-1994." China Economic
 Review 7, no. 1: 77-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Jiang, Puoke, et al. 1999. The RMB
 Convertibility and Capital Controls. Shanghai: Fudan University Press (in
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 <BIBTEXT>Jing, Xuecheng. 2001. Development of International Finance and
 China's Financial Reforms. Beijing: China Finance Press (in
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 Experiences in Chile, Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand. IMF Working Paper
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 <BIBTEXT>Lardy, N.R. 1992. Foreign Trade and Economic Reform in China,
 1978-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
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 "Internationally Mobile Capital and the Global Economy." In East Asia in
 Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One? ed. R. McLeod and R. Garnaut,
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      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Mehran, Hassanali, Marc Quintyn, Tom
 Nordman, and Bernard Laurens. 1996. "Monetary and Exchange System Reforms
 in China: An Experiment in Gradualism." IMF Occasional Paper
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 <BIBTEXT>Mundell, Robert A. 1962. "The Appropriate Use of Monetary and
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 1997. "The Great Depression as a Watershed: International Capital Mobility
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 Rate." In Study of the RMB Exchange Rate Policies, ed. Wu Nianlu and Chen
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 Finance of Past Fifty Years. Beijing: China Finance and Economics Press
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   <BIBTEXT>Song Wenbin. 1999. "A Study of China's Capital Flights:
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 Heston. 1991. "The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of
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 <BIBTEXT>Sung, Y.W. 1994. "An Appraisal of China's Foreign Trade Policy,
 1950-1992." In Agriculture and Trade in China and India, ed. T.N.
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 Finance Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wu Xiaoling et al. 2001. China Foreign
 Exchange Management. Beijing: China Finance Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>33</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Zhang
 Zhaoyong. 1999. "China's Exchange Rate Reform and Its Impact on the
 Balance of Trade and Domestic Inflation," Asian Pacific Journal of
 Economics and Business 3, no. 2: 4-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>34</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Zheng Ce. 1983. "China's Foreign Trade
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 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:4:p:78-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CAI FANG 
Author-X-Name-First: CAI 
Author-X-Name-Last: FANG 
Title:         The Consistency of China's Statistics on Employment : Stylized Facts and Implications for Public Policies       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-89 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HUX12DCL46QAB9T8 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Bloom, David, and
 Jeffrey Williamson. 1997. "Demographic Transitions and Economic Miracles
 in Emerging Asia." NBER Working Paper Series, no. 6268.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Cai Fang, ed.
 2002. Employment in Rural and Urban China: Issues and Options. Beijing:
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      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Cai Fang and Wang Meiyan. 2004.
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 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Hamermesh, Daniel S., and
 Albert Rees. 1993. The Economics of Work and Pay, 5th ed. New York:
 HarperCollins College.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>International Monetary Fund (IMF). 1994.
 World Economic Outlook (May). Washington, DC: IMF.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Mincer, Jacob. 1993.
 Studies in Labor Supply: Collected Essays of Jacob Mincer, vol. II.
 Cambridge: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Mishkin, Frederic S. 2003. The Economics
 of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, 6th ed. update. Boston: Addison
 Wesley.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Ottosen, Garry K., and Douglas N. Thompson. 1996. Reducing
 Unemployment: A Case for Government Deregulation. Westport, CT:
 Praeger.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Rawski, Thomas G. 2001. "What's Happening to China's GDP
 Statistics?" China Economic Review 12, no. 4 (December):
 298-302.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Solinger, Dorothy J. 2001a. "Why We Cannot Count the Unemployed."
 China Quarterly, no. 167 (August): 671-88.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>--------. 2001b. "Economic
 Informalization by Fiat: China's New Growth Strategy as Solution or
 Crisis?" In On the Roots of Growth and Crisis: Capitalism, State and
 Society in East Asia, vol. 36, ed. Luigi Tomba, 373-417. Rome: Annali
 della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>17</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Statistics Bureau (SB). 2002.
 Tabulation on the 2000 Census of the People's Republic of China. Beijing:
 China Statistics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Statistics Bureau (SB) and Ministry of
 Labor and Social Security (MOLSS). 2003. China Labor Statistical Yearbook,
 2003. Beijing: China Statistics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>United Nations Development
 Programme (UNDP). 1999. China Human Development Report, 1999: Transition
 and the State. New York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:74-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JIANG XIAOJUAN 
Author-X-Name-First: JIANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIAOJUAN 
Author-Name: YANG LAIKE 
Author-X-Name-First: YANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: LAIKE 
Author-Name: YANG LAIKE 
Author-X-Name-First: YANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: LAIKE 
Author-Name: WANG YINGXIN 
Author-X-Name-First: WANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: YINGXIN 
Title:         A Study of the Gradual Shift of Foreign Investment       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-36 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JX75W5BT0YWM0F6H 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Jiang Xiaojuan. 2002.
 Chinese Foreign Economy: Contribution to Growth, to Upgrading of
 Structure, and to Competition, 87-102. Beijing: China Renmin University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Wei Houkai, He Canfei, and Wang Xin. 2001. "An Analysis of
 Motives and Location Factors of Foreign Direct Investment in China."
 Economic Research Journal 2: 67- 76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Wu Jian. 2002. "Regional Discrepancy of
 FDI in China and its Effect on Economic Growth." Economic Research Journal
 4: 27-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:19-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: RONG XIANPING 
Author-X-Name-First: RONG 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIANPING 
Title:         Research on China's Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Cluster Development Model       
Abstract:
       In China, there are four classical development models of small and
 medium-sized enterprises: the Shenzhen model, the southern Jiangsu model,
 the Wenzhou model, and the Zhongguancun model. Each has its own
 characteristics with different institutional circumstances. This study
 concludes that the growing cluster development of small and medium-sized
 enterprises needs competitive market circumstances and services from
 government and social organizations. Culture plays a key factor.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-18 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LHGNVT48RL1028GG 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Chen Baomin and Sun
 Ninghua. 2000. "Rural Urbanization and the Reform and Development of
 Village-Town Enterprises." Economic Research Journal 12.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Chen Zhenhan and
 Li Yining. 1982. Industrial Location Theory, 16-17. 1st ed. Beijing:
 People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>"Eighty Percent of Small and Medium-Sized
 Enterprises of Taiwan Belong to Service Industry," www.huaxia.com. June 9,
 2004.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT>Feng Juzhang and Wu Quanneng. 2004. "The Evolution and Regulation
 of Transaction." Shanghai Economic Research 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Jin Xiangrong. 2000. "Various
 Ways of Institutional Evolution Existing Together and the Reform Path of
 Gradually Changing." Zhejiang University Transactions 4.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Larsson, Rikard.
 1993. "The Handshake Between Invisible and Visible Hands: Toward a
 Tripolar Institutional Framework." International Studies of Management and
 Organization 23 (Spring): 87-116.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Marshall, Alfred. 1964. Principles of
 Economics. 1st Chinese ed. Beijing: Commercial Press, 267.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>"Service Industry
 Will Become a New Highlight in Cooperation of Shenzhen and Hong Kong,"
 www.chinaqw.com. June 25, 2004.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Sheng Shihao and Ju Jialiang. 2003. "The
 Evolution Model of Industrial Structure and the Specialization Competition
 Advantage." Zhejiang Social Sciences.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>"Silicon Valley Model vs. Zhongguancun,
 Shenzhen, New Wenzhou Models," www.acfic.org.cn. May 7, 2004.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Thorelli, Hans
 B. 1986. "Networks: Between Markets and Hierarchies." Strategic Management
 Journal 7: 37-51.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Williamson, Oliver. 1998. A Comparison of Alternative
 Approaches to Economic Organization, 129. 1st Chinese ed. Shanghai:
 Shanghai Financial and Economic University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Yang Reilong. 1998.
 "Three-Stage Theory of the Transformation of Institutional Change."
 Economic Research Journal 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang Renshou and Li Hong. 1990-91.
 Wenzhou Model Investigation. 1st ed. Beijing: China Social Sciences
 Publishing Company.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhao Lizhou and Ding Yuejin. 2003. "The
 'Zhejiang Model' and Its Expandability and Use for Reference: A Literature
 Survey." Guizhou Financial and Economic College Transaction.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>"Zhongguancun
 vs. Zhangjiangyuan: Who Will Be China's Real Silicon Valley?"
 www.xinhuanet.com. March 10, 2002.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:7-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DU ZHIXIONG 
Author-X-Name-First: DU 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHIXIONG 
Title:         Credit Demand of Rural Enterprise and Loan Supply in China : Report on Data Processing Results of Two Surveys       
Abstract:
       It has been repeatedly reported that rural enterprises lack
 financing services. This sector has been contributing much to both the
 Chinese economy and rural economy over the last two decades. Meanwhile the
 rural banking system has recently experienced profound restructuring. This
 article contains information about the real situation of rural enterprises
 financing and provides information on the banking system's restructuring
 and ways for rural enterprises to overcome financing constraints. Using
 data from two surveys of rural enterprises, the article presents useful
 information on financing of rural enterprises.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-58 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R2QREHC4BXDTNU53 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Du Zhixiong. 2001.
 "Township and Village Enterprise Development in Rural China: A Panoramic
 Review." Paper presented at the first NRCT-CASS Joint Seminar on "Tourism
 and Township Industry Development," Bangkok, Thailand, November
 8-9.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Liu Jue and Bao Zongshun. 2001. Su nan zhong xiao qi ye fa zhan
 yan jiu (A study on the development of small and middle-sized enterprises
 in southern Jiangsu). Jiangsu: Jiangsu Renmin Publishing House.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Park, Albert,
 Loren Brandt, and John Giles. 2002. "Competition Under Credit Rationing:
 Theory and Evidence from Rural China." Paper presented at the University
 of Michigan, University of Toronto, and Academia Sinica
 (Taiwan).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Tsai, Kellee S. 2002. "Local Logics: Informal Finance and Private
 Sector Development in China." Paper presented at the conference on Asian
 Political Economy in an Age of Globalization, Tuck School of Business,
 Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, May 10-11.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Woo, Wing Thye. 2001. "China's
 Rural Enterprises in Crisis: The Role of Inadequate Financial
 Intermediation." Paper presented at the conference on Financial Sector
 Reform in China, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University,
 September 11-13.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:37-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LIN ZHIFEN 
Author-X-Name-First: LIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHIFEN 
Title:         Regional Disparities in Social Security in China and Transfer Payments       
Abstract:
       In this article the regional disparities in social security in China
 are analyzed in terms of such indicators as the proportion of social
 security expenditure in the gross domestic product (GDP) across the
 country, the proportion of overall social security expenditure in the
 fiscal expenditure, ratio between revenue and expenditure of the old-age
 social insurance funds, shortfall, pension replacement rate, and the
 dependency ratio. With old-age insurance as an example, the disparities
 are divided into two factors, namely, dependency ratio and replacement
 rate. Based on the national average level, subsidies amounting to social
 security transfer payments for the shortfall area can be determined.
 Proposals for reforms in basic work including finance and statistics are
 made from the angle of social security transfer payments.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-73 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U4MRREPB5HYWPCLQ 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Gao Qiang. 2001. A New
 Chapter of Reform in the Social Insurance System in China. Beijing: China
 Finance and Economics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Ministry of Finance. 2000. Government
 Budget Revenue: Expenditure Account for 2001. Beijing: China Finance and
 Economics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Ministry of Labor. 1996. China's Labor
 Statistics Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>"Pilot
 Program for Reform in Social Security Work in Liaoning." 2001. Liaoning
 Daily. August 17: 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Social Security Undertaking Management
 Center Under the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. 2000. China's
 Social Security Yearbook.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>State Council. 1997. "Decision of the State
 Council Concerning the Establishment of a Unified Basic Old-Age Insurance
 System for Enterprise Workers and Staff" (no. 26).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>State Statistics Bureau.
 2000. China's Statistics Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Publishing
 House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>------. 2001. China's Statistics Yearbook. Beijing: China
 Statistics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:59-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V2PFGHVHQE50C7JM 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:5:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SUN ZAO 
Author-X-Name-First: SUN 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZAO 
Author-Name: LU ZHENGWEI 
Author-X-Name-First: LU 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHENGWEI 
Title:         From the Government to Enterprises : A Summarization of the Documents on the Studies of Chinese Private Enterprises       
Abstract:
       Private enterprises are the most remarkable subjects in the
 theoretical studies of China's economic transition. This article tries to
 describe the rough track of the process of China's reform, analyzing it
 from a new perspective based on the main studies in the field. The article
 concludes that the internal aspects of China's private enterprises have
 been significantly changed. As private enterprises have gradually become
 enterprises in the sense of mainstream economics, mainstream economic
 studies have begun to switch their focus from "explanations of the issues"
 to "solutions." An interesting question is, What will future developments
 be, when, under the current conditions, the basic property rights of
 private enterprises have not yet been clarified? Current experience and
 studies on this issue have not provided us a clear answer.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-67 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J2VXQ2XJJLRBRWPF 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Cai Fang. 1995. "The
 Logic and Conditions for Success of the Reform of the Property Right
 System of Town and Village Enterprises." Economic Studies 10.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Che, Jiahua, and
 Yingyi Qian. 1998. "Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of
 Firms." Quarterly Journal of Economics 113, no. 2: 467-96.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Chen, Hongyi, and
 Scott Rozelle. 1999. "Leaders, Managers, and the Organization of Township
 and Village Enterprises in China." Journal of Development Economics 60,
 no. 2: 529-57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT>Chun, Chang, and Yijiang Wang. 1994. "The Nature of the
 Township and Village Enterprise." Journal of Comparative Economics 19:
 434-52.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Demetz, Harold. 1999. Contract Economics. Beijing: Economic
 Science Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT>Dong, Xiaoyuan, and Louis Putterman. 1997. "Productivity and
 Organization in China's Rural Industries: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis."
 Journal of Comparative Economics 24, no. 2: 181-201.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Fan Conglai, Lu Yao, Tao
 Xin, Sheng Zhixiong, and Yuan Jin. 2001. "A Study of the Reform Model of
 the Reform of the Property Right System and Stock Right Structures of Town
 and Village Enterprises." Economic Studies 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Feng Qu and Zhang Tao. 2002.
 "Authority, Authoritative Organization, and Efficiency." Collection of
 World Economic Documents 5.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Gregory, Neil, and Stoyan Tenev. 2001. "The
 Financing of Private Enterprises in China." Comparison of Economic and
 Social Systems 6.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Hay, Donald A., and Guy S. Liu. 1997. "The Efficiency of
 Firms: What Difference Does Competition Make?" Economic Journal 107:
 597-617.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Hsiao, Cheng, Jeffrey B. Nugent, Isabelle Perrigne, and Jicheng
 Qiu. 1998. "Shares Versus Residual Claimant Contracts: The Case of Chinese
 TVEs." Journal of Comparative Economics 26, no. 2: 317-37.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Jefferson, Gary,
 Zhao Zhiqiang, and Lu Mai. 1994. "The Property Right Reform of China's
 Industrial Enterprises." In The Study of Chinese Town and Village
 Enterprises, ed. Yu Haiwen. Beijing: Chinese Industry and Business
 Association Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Jiang Changyun. 2000a. "The Logic of the Property Right
 Reform of Town and Village Enterprises." Economic Studies 10.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>------. 2000b.
 "The Funding Source and Dynamic Changes of Financial Structure of Town and
 Village Enterprises: Analysis and Thinking." Economic Studies 2.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Jin, Hehui,
 and Yingyi Qian. 1998. "Public vs. Private Ownership of Firms: Evidence
 from Rural China." Quarterly Journal of Economics 113, no. 3:
 773-808.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Kornai, János. 1998. "The Place of the Soft Budget Constraint
 Syndrome in Economic Theory." Journal of Comparative Economics 26, no. 1:
 11-17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Li Daokui. 1995. "The Fuzzy Property Right Theory in Transitional
 Economy," Economic Studies 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Li, Shaomin, Shuhe Li, and Weiying Zhang.
 2000. "The Road to Capitalism: Competition and Institutional Change in
 China." Journal of Comparative Economics 28, no. 2: 269-92.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Montignola,
 Gabriella, Yingyi Qian, and Barry Weingast. 1995. "Federalism, Chinese
 Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China." World Politics
 48 (October): 50-81.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Naughton, Barry. 1994. "Chinese
 Institutional Innovation and Privatization from Below." American Economic
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 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Pei Xiaolin. 1999. "The Collective Land
 System: the Roots of the Industrial Development and Gradual Transition in
 China's Rural Regions." Economic Studies 6.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Pitt, Mark M., and Louis
 Putterman. 1999. "Employment and Wages in Township, Village, and Other
 Rural Enterprises." In Enterprise Reform in China: Ownership, Transition,
 and Performance, ed. Gary H. Jefferson and Inderjit Singh, 197-215. New
 York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>23</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Qin Hui. 1998. "Observation
 of Town and Village Enterprises at the Crossroads," Reform 1.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Roland, Gérard.
 2002. Transition and Economics. Beijing: Beijing University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Sachs, Jeffrey. 1989. "My Plan for Poland." International Economy
 3, no. 6: 24-29.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1998. Whither Socialism? The Theory and
 Evidence of Economic System Transition. Changchun: Jilin People's
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>27</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Sun, Laixiang. 2002. "Fading Out of local Government Ownership:
 Recent Ownership Reform in China's Township and Village Enterprise."
 Economic Systems 26, no. 3: 249-69.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Svejnar, Jan. 1990. "Productive
 Efficiency and Employment." In China's Rural Industry: Structure,
 Development and Reform, ed. William A. Byrd and Lin Qingsong. New York:
 Oxford University Press for the World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>29</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Tan Qiucheng. 1999. "The
 Management That Holds the Majority of Stocks in Town and Village
 Collective Enterprises: Features and Explanations." Economic Studies
 4.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>30</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Tian Guoqiang. 1995. "The Property Right Structure and Reform of
 China's Town and Village Enterprises." Economic Reform 3.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1996.
 "The Theory of the Ownership of Internal Production Right and the Stable
 Transition of the Economic System." Economic Studies 11.</BIBTEXT>	
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 "The Theory About Optimal Ownership Arrangement in a Transitional
 Economy." Economics Quarterly 1, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>33</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Wang Hongling. 2000. "The Impacts of
 Government-Oriented and Non-Government-Oriented Agents on the Management
 Structure of Enterprises." Economic Studies 7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>34</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Weitzman, Martin L., and
 Chenggang Xu. 1994. "Chinese Township Village Enterprises as Vaguely
 Defined Cooperatives." Journal of Comparative Economics 18, no. 2:
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 <BIBTEXT>Yao Yang and Zhi Zhaohua. 2000. "The Determination of
 Government's Roles, and the Success and Failure of System Transformation
 of Enterprises." Economic Studies 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>36</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Zhang Jie. 2000. "The Financial Dilemma
 and Financing Order of Private Economy." Economic Studies 4.</BIBTEXT>    
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 Feng Qu. 2000. "An Analytic Framework of System Transformation of the Town
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 <BIBTEXT>Zhu, Tian. 1998. "A Theory of Contract and Ownership Choice in
 Public Enterprises Under Reformed Socialism: The Case of China's TVEs."
 China Economic Review 9, no. 1: 59-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>39</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Zou Yimin, Dai Lan, and Sun Jianshe.
 1999. "The Thinking About the System Transformation of Town and Village
 Enterprises in the Southern Part of Jiangsu Province." Economic Studies
 3.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:6:p:53-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LIU XIAOXUAN 
Author-X-Name-First: LIU 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIAOXUAN 
Title:         The Balanced Model of Privatizing State Enterprises       
Abstract:
       This article provides a theoretical conclusion concerning the
 practice of privatization and system transformation in China in recent
 years. This study discusses the causes and obstructions of privatization,
 while considering the interests and decision making in the process of
 system transformation of state enterprises. Based on the background
 emergence of privatization, the article also establishes a balanced model
 of privatization according to interrelations, goals, and behaviors. The
 core of the model is presented in the optimal target coefficient of
 entrepreneurs, which will be shown as the key that ensures that
 enterprises complete the system transformation successfully. The
 restricting conditions of the model reflect the assurance of the basic
 interests of those involved, so that their interests will not be affected
 by system transformation. Thus, by meeting the balancing conditions, the
 optimal system transformation is realized and demonstrated. An analysis of
 the model indicates that the best opportunity for state enterprises to
 undergo transformation is in meeting the optimal and balancing conditions
 for the realization of privatization.	  
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-52 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L4C9NK6DD5U1Q0K7 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Alchian, Armen A., and
 Harold Demsetz. 1972. "Production, Information Costs, and Economic
 Organization." American Economic Review 62, no. 5: 777-95.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Grossman, Sanford
 J., and Oliver Hart. 1986. "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory
 of Vertical and Lateral Integration." Journal of Political Economy 94, no.
 4: 691-719.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Liu Xiaoxuan. 2003. "Enterprise Behaviors and Market Balance in
 the Process of China's Transition." Chinese Social Science 2.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Roland, Gérard.
 2000. Transition and Economics: Politics, Markets, and Firms. Beijing:
 Beijing University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Varian, Hal R. 1997. Intermediate
 Microeconomics, 3d ed. Beijing: Economic Science Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:6:p:28-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHANG XIAOJING 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: XIAOJING 
Title:         Report on Marketization Process in China: Analysis of the Status Quo and Forecast for the Future       
Abstract:
       Through an analysis of the marketization process, this article
 attempts to point out the distance between overall marketization, sectoral
 marketization, and regional marketization in China at present and the
 marketization objective. The article also forecasts the marketization
 process during the next five to ten years using a survey and econometric
 analysis. According to the article, the paramount obstacles in future
 marketization are the relationship between the government and the market
 as well as the legal system construction. It is just in this sense that
 the crucial task for future reform in China will be to transform the
 functions of government. In order to truly restrain the acts of government
 and manage the relationship between the government and the market, what is
 required is supervision of and safeguarding the system or, in other words,
 the improvement of the legal system and environment.	 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-84 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U7Y8KRRWMUEN6M4V 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Baker, Dean, and Thea
 Lee. 1993. "Employment Multipliers in the U.S. Economy." Economic Policy
 Institute Working Paper, no. 107. Economic Policy Institute, Washington,
 DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Bureau of Fair Trade for Imports and Exports, Ministry of Foreign
 Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC), and Institute of Economic and
 Resources Management, Beijing Normal University. 2003. 2003 Report on the
 Development of the Market Economy in China, draft submitted for
 approval.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>China Statistics Yearbook 2003. Beijing: China Statistics
 Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Expert Panel. 2001. "Report on Reform and Development in
 China." Systemic Obstacles and Supply: Studies on the Development Problems
 of Non-State-Owned Economy. Shanghai: Far East Publishers.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Fan Gang and Wang
 Xiaolu, eds. 2002. Marketization Index in China: 2000 Report on Relative
 Marketization Progress in Various Regions. Beijing: Economic Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003. Marketization Index in China: 2001 Report on
 Relative Marketization Progress in Various Regions. Beijing: Economic
 Science Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT>National Economic Research Institute, China Reform Foundation.
 2003. Survey of Economic Marketization in China in Five to Ten
 Years.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Statistical Abstracts of China 2000.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:6:p:68-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=ULJ0E7H0TWQ72PM5 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:6:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CAO JIANHAI 
Author-X-Name-First: CAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: JIANHAI 
Author-Name: HUANG QUNHUI 
Author-X-Name-First: HUANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: QUNHUI 
Title:         System Transition, Management Upgrade, and Growth of Private Enterprises : Huafeng Group Corporation Sample of Zhejiang Province       
Abstract:
       Since the 1990s, private enterprises have developed as an important
 force in China's economic growth. However, they also need to resolve many
 issues in the process of their development. This article demonstrates that
 the system transition of enterprises and innovation of management models
 have a decisive significance in the current phase of development of
 China's private enterprises. It summarizes "the three dimensional models"
 of the growth management of private enterprises, and offers some valuable
 suggestions for managing the direction and pace of growth in different
 growth phases and the driving force of private enterprises.	
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-27 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 37 
Year: 2004 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y75JTNQGYT0EBAEQ 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Adizes, Ichak. 1997.
 Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do
 About It. Beijing: China Social Science Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Chandler, Alfred Dupont. 1987.
 The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Beijing:
 Commercial Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Chen Jiagui. 1988. "The Discussion About the Life Cycle of
 Enterprises." Collection of Chinese Industrial Economy 2.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Davis, L.E., and
 Douglass C. North. 1994. "The Theory of System Transformation: Concepts
 and Causes." In Property Right and System Transformation. Shanghai:
 Sanlian Bookstore and Shanghai People's Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Huang Huiqun. 2000. "Control
 Power as the Restrictive Factor of the Stimulation of the Entrepreneur:
 Theoretical Analysis and Importance of the Explanation of Reality."
 Economic Studies 1.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Li Shaoguang. 1996. "The Self-Strengthening Phenomenon in
 Market Growth of Our Country." Economic Studies 4.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Wang Chenghui and Peng
 Xinglu. 2002. "The Analysis of the Innovation and Control Abilities in the
 Life Cycle of Enterprises." China Operation and Sale Networks, June
 5.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:37:y:2004:i:6:p:7-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CHEN GUIDI 
Author-X-Name-First: CHEN 
Author-X-Name-Last: GUIDI 
Author-Name: WU CHUNTAO 
Author-X-Name-First: WU 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHUNTAO 
Title:         Chapter 5. An Ancient and Burdensome Subject       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 14-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=04VX9UMYWD2AXPGH 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:1:p:14-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CHEN GUIDI 
Author-X-Name-First: CHEN 
Author-X-Name-Last: GUIDI 
Author-Name: WU CHUNTAO 
Author-X-Name-First: WU 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHUNTAO 
Title:         Chapter 6. How Did the Balance Shift?       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3WGYYUKR3V3EE7MA 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:1:p:60-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WENRAN JIANG 
Author-X-Name-First: WENRAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: JIANG 
Title:         Guest Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8617J7MUMM2R366B 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:1:p:3-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CHEN GUIDI 
Author-X-Name-First: CHEN 
Author-X-Name-Last: GUIDI 
Author-Name: WU CHUNTAO 
Author-X-Name-First: WU 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHUNTAO 
Title:         Introduction: Trapped Between Reality and Expectations       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-13 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AQ1HY1MPX2KABV8E 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:1:p:8-13




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SHU KAM LEE 
Author-X-Name-First: SHU KAM 
Author-X-Name-Last: LEE 
Author-Name: CHE FAI LAM 
Author-X-Name-First: CHE FAI 
Author-X-Name-Last: LAM 
Author-Name: RICKY WING FU SZETO 
Author-X-Name-First: RICKY WING FU 
Author-X-Name-Last: SZETO 
Title:         An Empirical Study of the Economic Connection Between Guangdong and Hong Kong       
Abstract:
       This study examines whether there are changes to the inter-influence
 between the economic positions of Guangdong and Hong Kong. We use the
 Granger causality test to determine the mutual influence of Guangdong and
 Hong Kong in their economic positions. Our result indicates that there is
 a long-term cointegrating and stable economic relationship between
 Guangdong and Hong Kong. In addition, the result of the ECM Granger
 causality test suggests that the economies of Guangdong and Hong Kong are
 substitutes for each other but not complementary. Our analyses of the
 structural changes before and after 1997 show that the lead economic
 position between Guangdong and Hong Kong changes before and after 1997.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 108-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=11NNTBVL9MJYX65G 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Akaike, H. 1969.
 "Fitting Autoregressive Models for Prediction." Annals of the Institute of
 Statistical Mathematics 2: 243-47.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Chan Hing-lin, Lee Shu-kam, and Woo
 Kai-yin. 2001. "Detecting Rational Bubbles in the Residential Housing
 Markets of Hong Kong." Economic Modeling 18: 61-73.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Dickey, D.A., and W.A.
 Fuller. 1979. "Distribution of the Estimates for Autoregressive Time
 Series with a Unit Root." Journal of the American Statistical Association
 74 (June): 427-31.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>--------. 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for
 Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root." Econometrica 49 (July):
 1057-72.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Engle, R.F., and C.W.J. Granger. 1987. "Co-Integration and Error
 Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing." Econometrica 55, no.
 2 (March): 251-76.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Granger, C.W.J. 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by
 Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods." Econometrica 37 (July):
 424-38.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1983. "Co-Integrated Variables and Error-Correction
 Models." Working paper 83-13, University of California, San
 Diego.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1986. "Developments in the Study of Cointegrated
 Economic Variables." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 48
 (August): 213-28.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Johansen, S. 1988. "Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating
 Vectors." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12 (June-September):
 231-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of
 Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models."
 Econometrica 59 (November): 1551-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Johansen, S., and K. Juselius. 1990.
 "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with
 Applications to Demand for Money." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and
 Statistics 52 (May): 169-210.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Koop, G. 2000. Analysis of Economic Data
 (Chichester, UK: Wiley).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Lee, Shu-kam, and R.W.M. Yeung. 2000. "An
 Analysis on the Interrelationship of the Industrial Development Between
 Hong Kong and the Mainland and a Strategic Study on Its Impact on the
 Cooperation of the Service Industries in the Two Areas" in The Strategies
 of Hong Kong and Mainland China's Service Industries, ed. C.W. Yeung, pp.
 197-226. Chinese Economy Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:108-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: TAI-YUEN HON 
Author-X-Name-First: TAI-YUEN 
Author-X-Name-Last: HON 
Author-Name: CHE-CHEONG POON 
Author-X-Name-First: CHE-CHEONG 
Author-X-Name-Last: POON 
Author-Name: KAI-YIN WOO 
Author-X-Name-First: KAI-YIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: WOO 
Title:         Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in China : A Multivariate Data Analysis of Major Socioeconomic Variables       
Abstract:
       This study aims to identify the driving forces behind the regional
 distribution of inward FDI flows in China for the period 1998-2003. Based
 on the eleven selected socioeconomic variables and by adopting factor
 analysis, we accept the hypothesis that the overall socioeconomic
 environment in the administrative regions of China is a fundamental
 determinant of regional disparity in FDI. We use the complete linkage
 clustering technique to classify these regions into broader groups and
 then explore the similarities and dissimilarities between them. The
 findings from the study provide a yardstick for multinational firms
 regarding location decisions at the provincial level.	  
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-87 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3DNYE38WVKJ5YEDD 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Bartholomew, D.J. 1987.
 Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>China Statistics Yearbook, various years. Beijing: China
 Statistical Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Coughlim, C.C., and E. Segev. 1999.
 "Foreign Direct Investment in China: A Spatial Econometric Study." Working
 paper 1999-001A, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Cramer, D. 2003. Advanced
 Quantitative Data Analysis. Maidenhead, UK: Open University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Crum, R.L., E.F. Brigham, and J.F. Houston. 2005. Fundamentals of
 International Finance. N.p.: Thomson South-Western, 1st ed.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Everitt, B.S., and
 G. Dunn. 1991. Applied Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Edward
 Arnold.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Friedman, J.H., and J.J. Meulman. 2004. "Clustering Objects on
 Subsets of Attributes." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series
 B, Statistical Methodology, vol. 66, part 4: 815-49.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Garelli, Stephane. 2004.
 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Hu, A.G., S.G. Wang, and S.K. Hong. 1995.
 Report on China's Regional Disparities (in Chinese). Shenyang: Liaoning
 People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2004.
 World Economic Outlook (September 2004).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>11</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>--------. 1996. Balance of Payment
 Manual (5th ed.).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Johnson, R.A., and D.W. Wichern. 2002. Applied Multivariate
 Statistical Analysis. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice
 Hall.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Kaiser, H.F. 1960. "The Application of Electronic Computers to
 Factor Analysis." Educational and Psychological Measurement 20:
 141-51.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Ng, L.F.Y., and C. Tuan. 2003. "Location Decisions of
 Manufacturing FDI in China: Implication of China's WTO Accession." Journal
 of Asian Economics 14, no. 1: 51- 72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Poon, C.C., T.Y. Hon, and K.Y. Woo.
 1996. "A Cluster Analysis of Regional Economic Disparities in China" (in
 Chinese). Economics Working Paper Series 97012, Economics Department, Hong
 Kong Shue Yan College.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Prasad, Eswar, ed. 2004. "Hong Kong SAR:
 Meeting the Challenges of Integration with the Mainland." Occasional Paper
 226, International Monetary Fund.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wang, Jian. 2004. "The Determinants of
 Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment" (in Chinese). Economic
 Science, Ministry of Education of the PRC, no. 5, serial no. 104:
 116-25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:56-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHANG DEXIU 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-Last: DEXIU 
Title:         The Opportunities and Challenges of China's Joining the World Trade Organization       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-15 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=60LJWDJG0LQR74T1 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:5-15




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DENNIS K.K. FAN 
Author-X-Name-First: DENNIS K.K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: FAN 
Author-Name: GLADIE M.C. LUI 
Author-X-Name-First: GLADIE M.C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: LUI 
Author-Name: RAYMOND W. SO 
Author-X-Name-First: RAYMOND W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: SO 
Title:         The Effects of Foreign Equity Ownership on Earnings Forecasts in China       
Abstract:
       In this article, the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts in
 China is studied. Chinese-listed firms with foreign ownership need to
 report their financial statements in accordance with both Chinese and
 international accounting standards. This reporting environment offers a
 good testing ground for the hypothesis that forecasting error is an
 inverse function of the availability of relevant information. Empirical
 evidence indicates that firms with foreign ownership tend to have lower
 forecasting errors. This result demonstrates the value and positive
 influence of foreign investment in China.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-55 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BL9L9YFV9GPMWWKT 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Ang, J., and Y. Ma.
 1999. "Transparency in Chinese Stocks: A Study of Earnings Forecasts by
 Professional Analysts." Pacific Basin Finance Journal 7: 129-55.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Arnold, J.,
 and P. Moizer. 1984. "A Survey of the Methods Used by UK Investment
 Analysts to Appraise Investments in Ordinary Shares." Accounting and
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 1990. "Forecast Accuracy of Individual Analysts in Nine Industries."
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:36-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LOUIS CHENG 
Author-X-Name-First: LOUIS 
Author-X-Name-Last: CHENG 
Author-Name: RICKY WING FU SZETO 
Author-X-Name-First: RICKY WING FU 
Author-X-Name-Last: SZETO 
Author-Name: T.Y. LEUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: T.Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: LEUNG 
Title:         Guest Editors' Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D6X90M6HMU1QV36X 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: PHILIPPE BERTRAND 
Author-X-Name-First: PHILIPPE 
Author-X-Name-Last: BERTRAND 
Author-Name: PIERRE-XAVIER MESCHI 
Author-X-Name-First: PIERRE-XAVIER 
Author-X-Name-Last: MESCHI 
Title:         A Transactional Analysis of Chinese Partners' Performance in International Joint Ventures       
Abstract:
       This article proposes a transactional analysis of the performance of
 international joint ventures formed in mainland China and Taiwan. This
 analysis is carried out for a sample of 104 Chinese partners who, between
 January 2000 and December 2003, announced the formation of an
 international joint venture. An event study methodology is used to measure
 Chinese partners' stock market reactions to the formation of these joint
 ventures. The different empirical results found concur to envisage an
 analysis of Chinese partners' performance that is distinct from that of
 foreign partners. These results raise doubts concerning the
 appropriateness of transaction cost theory as a framework for analyzing
 Chinese partners' performance.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 16-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FAAGLMG28TDKPN86 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Anand, B., and T.
 Khanna. 2000. "Do Firms Learn to Create Value? The Case of Alliances."
 Strategic Management Journal 21: 295-315.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Armitage, S. 1995. "Event Study
 Methods and Evidence on Their Performance." Journal of Economic Surveys 8,
 no. 4: 25-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Bleeke, J., and D. Ernst. 1991. "The Way to Win in Cross-Border
 Alliances," Harvard Business Review 69, no. 6: 127-35.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Chen, H., M.Y. Hu,
 and J.C. Shieh. 1991. "The Wealth Effect of International Joint Ventures:
 The Case of U.S. Investment in China," Financial Management 20, no. 4:
 31-41.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Cheng, L.T., J.K. Fung, and K. Lam. 1998. "An Examination of the
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 Announcements," International Business Review 7, no. 2: 151-61.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Cheng, L.T.,
 and J.E. McDonald. 2001. "The Stock Price Effects of Political Risk on
 International Corporate Alliances: The Case of China and Russia."
 Corporate Finance Review 5, no. 3: 21-32.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Davidson, R., and G.J. MacKinnon.
 1993. Estimation and Inference in Econometrics. London: Oxford University
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 Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information." International Economic
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 "Spurious Regressions in Econometrics." Journal of Econometrics 2:
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 <BIBTEXT>Gupta, A., C.B. McGowan, L. Misra, and A. Missirian. 1991. "Gains
 from Corporate Multinationalism: Evidence from the China Experience."
 Financial Review 26, no. 3: 387-407.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Hennart, J.F. 1991. "A Transaction Costs
 Theory of Equity Joint Ventures: An Empirical Study of Japanese
 Subsidiaries in the United States." Strategic Management Journal 9, no. 4:
 361-74.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Killing, P. 1983. Strategies for Joint Venture Success. New York:
 Praeger.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Kogut, B. 1988. "Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical
 Perspective." Strategic Management Journal 9, no. 4: 319-32.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Luo, Y., O.
 Shenkar, and M.K. Nyaw. 2001. "A Dual Parent Perspective on Control and
 Performance in International Joint Ventures: Lessons from a Developing
 Economy." Journal of International Business Studies 32, no. 1:
 41-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>MacKinlay, A., and D. Craig. 1997. "Event Studies in Economics
 and Finance." Journal of Economic Literature 35: 13-39</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Meschi, P.X., and
 L. Cheng. 2002. "Stock Price Reactions to Sino-European Joint Ventures."
 Journal of World Business 37, no. 2: 119-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Mjoen, H., and S. Tallman.
 1997. "Control and Performance in International Joint Ventures."
 Organization Science 8, no. 3: 257-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Nee, V. 1992. "Organizational Dynamics
 of Market Transition: Hybrid Forms, Property Rights, and Mixed Economy in
 China." Administrative Science Quarterly 37, no. 1: 1-27.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Ohmae, K. 1989.
 "The Global Logic of Strategic Alliances." Harvard Business Review 89, no.
 2: 143-54.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>20</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Parkhe, A. 1993. "Strategic Alliance Structuring: A Game
 Theoretic and Transaction Cost Examination of Inter-Firm Cooperation."
 Academy of Management Journal 36: 794- 829.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>21</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Simonin, B.L. 1997. "The
 Importance of Collaborative Know-How: An Empirical Test of the Learning
 Organization." Academy of Management Journal 40, no. 5: 1150-74.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Tsang, E.W.
 2000. "Transaction Cost and Resource-Based Explanations of Joint Ventures:
 A Comparison and Synthesis." Organization Studies 21, no. 1:
 215-42.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Ueng, C.J., S.H. Kim, and C. Lee. 2000. "The Impact of Firm's
 Ownership Advantages and Economic Status of Destination Country on the
 Wealth Effects of International Joint Ventures." International Review of
 Financial Analysis 9, no. 1: 67-76.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Williamson, O.E. 1975. Markets and
 Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1991. "Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis
 of Discrete Structural Alternatives." Administrative Science Quarterly 36,
 no. 2: 269-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>26</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT>Yan, A., and B. Gray. 1994. "Bargaining Power, Management
 Control, and Performance in United States-China Joint Ventures: A
 Comparative Case Study." Academy of Management Journal 37, no. 6:
 1478-1517.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>27</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Zeira, Y., and O. Shenkar. 1990. "Interactive and Specific Parent
 Characteristics: Implications for Management and Human Resources in
 International Joint Ventures." Management International Review 30:
 7-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:16-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BILLY S.C. MAK 
Author-X-Name-First: BILLY S.C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: MAK 
Author-Name: ASTA M.S. NGAI 
Author-X-Name-First: ASTA M.S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: NGAI 
Title:         Market Linkage for Dual-Listed Chinese Stocks       
Abstract:
       Only Chinese firms with the best financial integrity and corporate
 governance can be dually listed on the Hong Kong Exchange as H-shares or
 red chips and listed in the United States in the form of American
 Depository Receipts (ADRs). Dual listing for People's Republic of China
 (PRC) firms indicates their ability to attract international investors and
 to become international securities market participants. Using a bivariate
 generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model, we
 examine patterns of information flows related to both pricing and
 volatility spillover across markets. Results indicate a significant mutual
 feedback of information between Hong Kong-listed stocks and ADRs. The Hong
 Kong market appears to play a more important role in influencing the
 pricing of corresponding companies in the U.S. market, whereas both
 markets are similarly influential to the volatility spillover. This
 finding is useful for foreign investment banking and financial services
 firms operating in China that need to understand the dual market
 performance of top PRC stocks.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-107 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 38 
Year: 2005 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FTY22RAP11RBHAWT 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Alaganar, Vaira T., and
 R. Bhar. 2002. "Information and Volatility Linkage Under External Shock:
 Evidence from Dually Listed Australian Stocks." International Review of
 Financial Analysis 11: 59-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Bae, K.H., B. Cha, and Y.L. Cheung. 1999.
 "The Transmission of Pricing Information of Dually Listed Stocks." Journal
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 1992. "ARCH Modeling in Finance Theory and Empirical Evidence." Journal of
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 "Multimarket Trading and Market Liquidity." Review of Financial Studies 4:
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 Stocks." Journal of Financial Research 21: 139-56.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
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 GARCH Model of International Transmissions of Stock Returns and
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 Between Price Changes and Trading Volume: A Survey." Journal of
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 <BIBTEXT>Ross, S.A. 1989. "Information and Volatility: The No-Arbitrage
 Martingale Approach to Timing and Resolution Irrelevancy." Journal of
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       <BIBTEXT>Xu, X.E., and H.G. Fung. 2002. "Information Flows Across
 Markets: Evidence from China-Backed Stocks Dual-Listed in Hong Kong and
 New York." Financial Review 37: 563-88.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:88-107




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Title:         China's Economic Development Performance Under the Prereform System       
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Title:         "MBOs," Yes; "Year of the MBO," No: Some Basic Issues in Property Rights Reform       
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Title:         Power, Responsibility, and Constitutional Politics: State "Size" in Theory and History       
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Title:         Competition, Public Choice, and Institutional Change: Searching for Reasons for Improved Policy Efficiency in Institutional Reform from "Managing Large Enterprises and Cutting Small Ones Loose"       
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 Chinese University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>70</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang Jun. 1991. Modern Ownership
 Economics. Shanghai: Shanghai Joint Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>71</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>--------. 1993. "Ownership
 Transfer and Institutional Reform Under a Centrally Planned Economy."
 Economic Research 5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>72</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>--------. 1997. Dual-Track Economics:
 China's Economic Reform, 1978-1992. Shanghai: Shanghai Joint
 Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>73</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Shuguang. 1995. State Power, Institutional Change, and
 Social Transition. Beijing: China Economics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>74</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang Weiying. 1995.
 Entrepreneur of Business: Contract Theory. Shangai: Shanghai Joint
 Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>75</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Weiying and Li Shuhe. 1998. "Regional Competition and
 Privatization of China's State-Owned Business." Economic Research
 12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>76</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Wenmin et al., eds. 1996. Economic Controversies in China,
 vol. 1. Beijing: Economic Management Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>77</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>--------. 1997. Economic
 Controversies in China, vol. 2. Beijing: Economic Management
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>78</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Zhang Yuyan. 1995. "Strategic Interaction Related to Relaxation
 of Government Control." Economic Research 6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>79</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Zhang Yuyan and He Fan. 1998.
 "Financial Pressure Induced Institutional Change." Transitioning from
 Planned Economy into Market Economy, ed. Sheng Hong and Zhang Yuyan.
 Beijing: China Finance and Economics Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>80</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Zheng Haihang. 1997. "On SOEs
 in a State of Heavy Loss." Management World.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>81</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Zhou Qiren. 1994. "Rural
 Reform in China: Changes in Relationship Between State and Ownership."
 Quarterly Journal of Chinese Social Science 3, no. 8.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:5-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Author-Name: ALAN GUOMING HUANG 
Author-X-Name-First: ALAN GUOMING 
Author-X-Name-Last: HUANG 
Author-Name: QINGFENG "WILSON" LIU 
Author-X-Name-First: QINGFENG "WILSON" 
Author-X-Name-Last: LIU 
Author-Name: MAGGIE XIAOQIN SHEN 
Author-X-Name-First: MAGGIE XIAOQIN 
Author-X-Name-Last: SHEN 
Title:         The Development of the Real Estate Industry in China       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6J4RAPNYNW4W5U02 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Areddy, James T., and
 Karby Leggett. 2003. "Property Boom Poses High Risks to China's Banks."
 Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), July 22: A9.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Choi Songsu. 1998. "A
 Housing Market in the Making." China Business Review 25, no. 6:
 14-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Choi Songsu and Sophie Zhao. 1998. "A First-time Homeowner in
 Shanghai." China Business Review 25, no. 6: 18-20.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Clarke, Donald C., and
 Nicholas C. Howson. 1996. "Developing P.R.C. Property and Real Estate Law:
 Revised Land Registration Rules." East Asian Executive Reports 18, no. 4:
 9-15.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT>Dudek, Mitch, Toshi Miyamoto, and Angela Jin. 2003. "Market
 Access Report: Real Estate." China Law and Practice (London), May 1:
 1.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>Feng Jining. 2005. "Another Perspective of the Housing Price Hike
 in Shanghai." Available at www1.chinesenewsnet.com/gb/MainNews/Opinion/
 2005_1_6_8_20_52_978.html.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Lai Pingyao. 2002. "Foreign Direct
 Investment in China: Recent Trends and Patterns." China and World Economy
 10, no. 2: 25-32.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT>Ross, Madelyn C., and Kenneth T. Rosen. 1992a. "A Sample of
 1992 Foreign Investment in China's Real Estate Sector." China Business
 Review 19, no. 6: 48-50.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>--------. 1992b. "The Great China Land
 Rush." China Business Review 19, no. 6: 51- 53.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Tse, Raymond Y.C. 2002. "Real
 Estate Values in China: Lessons of the Late 1990s." Appraisal Journal 70,
 no. 1: 21-28.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:84-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LÜ WEI 
Author-X-Name-First: LÜ 
Author-X-Name-Last: WEI 
Title:         Analytical Method Research on China's Transitional Economic Practice: With an Explanation of the Reasonable Logic of the "Beijing Consensus"       
Abstract:
       In contrast to the consciously designed transitional patterns in
 Middle and East European countries, China's economic transitional practice
 stems from how to solve people's livelihood problems. This became the
 benchmark for performance measurement. Economic transition is a gradual
 process of institution formation and thus there is no linear relationship
 between transitional process, performance, and anticipated objective. The
 article explains a certain reasonable logic behind the transformation
 through indexing, including performance principle, adaptive ability, and
 innovative ability. Lessons can be learned from China's successful
 practices and we try to shed light on the meaning of "Beijing Consensus."  
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 103-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BPYE8PC4PH117VKE 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Fan Gang. 1993. "Two
 Kinds of Reform Costs and Two Kinds of Reform Ways." In Sheng Hong,
 Transitional Economics of China. Shanghai: Sanlian Bookstore and Shanghai
 People's Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT>Kolodko, Grzegorz W. 1998. Ten Years of Postsocialist
 Transition: The Lessons for Policy Reforms. Washington, DC: World Bank
 Development Economics Research Group.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>--------. 2000. From Shock to Therapy:
 The Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation. Shanghai: Shanghai
 Far East Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT>Kornai, János. 1993. "Transformational Recession: A General
 Phenomenon Examined Through the Example of Hungary's Development."
 Economie Appliquée 46, no. 2: 181-227.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>--------. 2000. "What the Change of the
 System from Socialism to Capitalism Does and Does Not Mean." Journal of
 Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1: 27-42.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Lardy, N.R. 1999. China's Unfinished
 Economic Revolution. Beijing: China Development Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Lü Wei. 2000.
 Capital Challenge System: Explanation of the Theory of the Transformation
 of the Economic System of China. Beijing: Economic Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003. "Theoretical Propositions During the Practice of
 Economic Transition in China." Social Sciences in China
 (Autumn).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT>Lu Xueyi and Li Peilin. 1995. China's Social Development Report
 in the New Age. Beijing: Liaoning People's Press, 62-70.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Qian, Yingyi.
 1999. "The Institutional Foundations of China's Market Transition." Paper
 delivered at the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics.
 Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT>Ramo, Joshua Cooper. 2004. The Beijing Consensus. London:
 Foreign Policy Centre.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Roland, Gérard. 2002. Transition and
 Economics. Beijing: Beijing University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Ryazanov, B. 2000. "China's
 Transition to Market Economy: Choice of Reform Strategies." Record of
 Chinese and Russian economists' discussion about China's and Russia's
 economic reform, transcribed by Cheng Enfu. Beijing: Economic Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Sachs, Jeffrey, and Katharina Pistor. 1997. The Rule of Law and
 Economic Reform in Russia. John M. Olin Critical Issues Series. Boulder:
 Westview Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT>Sheng Hong. 1994. Transitional Economics of China. Shanghai:
 Sanlian Bookstore and Shanghai People's Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1997.
 Economics. Chinese edition. Beijing: China People's University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1998. "More Instruments and Broader Goals: Moving
 Toward the Post-Washington Consensus." 1998 WIDER Annual Lecture,
 Helsinki, Finland.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>18</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>--------. 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. New
 York: W.W. Norton.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>19</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>World Bank. 1998. China's Economy in 2020. Beijing: China
 Financial and Economic Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Wu Jinglian et al. 1995. China: Challenges
 to Rapid Economic Growth. Beijing: China Planned Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:103-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DT3DHUCAYRFVU24V 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LINBO JING 
Author-X-Name-First: LINBO 
Author-X-Name-Last: JING 
Title:         A Comparative Analysis of the Information Communication Technology Industry in China: Confronting the Digital Divide in China       
Abstract:
       The author introduces definitions of information communication
 technology (ICT). Based on industry trends, the author analyzes the
 development of ICT in China and compares its level with that of other
 countries. Then, the author describes the digital divide confronting
 China.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=EMX9DEVTVTNB92GG 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Colecchia, Alessandra.
 2001. "The Impact of Information and Communications Technologies on Output
 Growth: Issues and Preliminary Findings." Organization for Economic
 Cooperation and Development (OECD) DSTI/EAS/IND/SWP(2001)11
 (February).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Jorgenson, Dale W. 2001. "Information Technology and the U.S.
 Economy." American Economic Review 90, no. 1, 1-32.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Lequiller, François. 2001.
 "The New Economy and the Measurement of DP Growth." INSEE Working Paper G
 2001/01 (Paris).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2000a.
 "A New Economy: The Changing Role of Innovation and Information Technology
 in Growth." OECD (Paris).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>--------. 2000b. "Information Technology
 Outlook 2000," OECD (Paris).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>--------. 2001a. "OECD Economic Outlook,"
 OECD (Paris).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>--------. 2001b. "Communication Outlook," OECD
 (Paris).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2002a. "EC Development in China," Asia Pacific Economic
 Cooperation forum and EC Conference, Beijing.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>--------. 2002b. "Measuring
 the Information Economy," OECD (Paris).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003a. "From Universal
 Access to Universal Service," Management World (July).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>--------. 2003b.
 "Seizing the Benefit of ICT in a Digital Economy." Meeting of the OECD
 Council at the ministerial level.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>World Bank. 2002. World Development Index.
 Beijing: CFT Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:74-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JINGHAN CAI 
Author-X-Name-First: JINGHAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: CAI 
Author-Name: YUMING LI 
Author-X-Name-First: YUMING 
Author-X-Name-Last: LI 
Author-Name: YUEHUA QI 
Author-X-Name-First: YUEHUA 
Author-X-Name-Last: QI 
Title:         The Day-of-the-Week Effect: New Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market       
Abstract:
       We study the day-of-the-week effect for A shares and B shares traded
 on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China. We find that
 average Monday returns from A-share indexes are significantly negative
 during the third and fourth weeks, as in the U.S. market. However, average
 Tuesday returns on most of the A-share and B-share indexes are negative
 during the second week of the month. Even after controlling for
 autocorrelation and the spillover impact from regional and international
 markets, the day-of-the-week effect in the Chinese market remains
 significant.	 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-88 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0T1XQ5PJNLQ06KGL 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Aggarwal, R., and P.
 Rivoli. 1989. "Seasonal and Day-of-the-Week Effects in Four Emerging Stock
 Markets." Financial Review 24: 541-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Ariel, R. 1987. "A Monthly Effect in
 Stock Returns." Journal of Financial Economics 18: 161-74.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Barone, E. 1990.
 "The Italian Stock Market Efficiency and Calendar Anomalies." Journal of
 Banking and Finance 14: 483-510.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Chan, S.H., W.K. Leung, and K. Wang. 2004.
 "The Impact of Institutional Investors on the Monday Seasonal." Journal of
 Business 77: 967-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Chan, H., and V. Singal. 2003. "Role of
 Speculative Short Sales in Price Formation: The Case of the Weekend
 Effect." Journal of Finance 58: 685-705.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Chen, C., and P. Qian. 2002.
 "Reexamination of the Day-of-the-Week Effect in China's Stock Market."
 Science of Economics 1, 85-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Cross, F. 1973. "The Behavior of Stock
 Prices on Fridays and Mondays." Financial Analysts Journal
 (November-December): 67-69.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Damodaran, A. 1989. "The Weekend Effect in
 Information Releases: A Study of Earnings and Dividend Announcements."
 Review of Financial Studies 2: 607- 23.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Dubois, M., and R. Louvet. 1996. "The
 Day-of-the-Week Effect: The International Evidence." Journal of Banking
 and Finance 20: 1463-84.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Feng, L. 2000. "Day-of-the-Week Effect in
 China's Stock Market." Economics Research 11: 50-57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>French, K.R. 1980.
 "Stock Return and the Weekend Effect." Journal of Financial Economics 8:
 55-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Jaffe, J., and R. Westerfield. 1985a. "The Weekend Effect in
 Common Stock Returns: The International Evidence." Journal of Finance 40:
 433-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>--------. 1985b. "Patterns in Japanese Common Stock Returns: Day
 of the Week and Turn of the Year Effects." Journal of Financial and
 Quantitative Analysis 20: 243-60.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Jaffe, J., R. Westerfield, and C. Ma.
 1989. "A Twist on the Monday Effect in Stock Prices: Evidence from the
 U.S. and Foreign Stock Markets." Journal of Banking and Finance 13:
 641-50.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Kamara, A. 1997. "New Evidence on the Monday Seasonal in Stock
 Returns." Journal of Business 70: 63-84.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>16</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Keim, D.B., and R.F. Stambaugh.
 1984. "A Further Investigation of the Weekend Effect in Stock Returns."
 Journal of Finance 39: 819-35.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Lakonishok, J., and M. Levi. 1982.
 "Weekend Effects in Stock Returns: A Note." Journal of Finance 37:
 883-89.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Lakonishok, J., and E. Marberly. 1990. "The Weekend Effect:
 Trading Patterns of Individual and Institutional Investors." Journal of
 Finance 45: 231-43.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Lakonishok, J., and S. Smidt. 1988. "Are
 Seasonal Anomalies Real? A Ninety-Year Perspective." Review of Financial
 Studies 1: 403-25.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>20</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Mookerjee R., and Q. Yu. 1999. "An Empirical Analysis of
 the Equity Markets in China." Review of Financial Economics 8:
 41-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Patell, J., and M. Wolfson. 1982. "Good News, Bad News, and the
 Intraday Timing of Corporate Disclosures." Accounting Review 57:
 509-27.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>22</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Sias, R.W., and L.T. Starks. 1995. "The Day-of-the-Week Anomaly:
 The Role of Institutional Investors." Financial Analysts Journal 51
 (May-June): 58-67.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>23</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT>Sun, Q., and W.H.S. Tong. 2003. "China Share Issue
 Privatization: The Extent of Its Success." Journal of Financial Economics
 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT>Wang, K., Y. Li, and J. Erickson. 1997. "A New Look at the
 Monday Effect." Journal of Finance 52: 2171-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Xu, C.K. 2000. "The
 Microstructure of the Chinese Stock Market." China Economic Review 11:
 79-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:71-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHAO YI 
Author-X-Name-First: ZHAO 
Author-X-Name-Last: YI 
Title:         The Main Problems and Countermeasures of China's Rural Financial System       
Abstract:
       There are many problems in China's rural financial system. The main
 ones are ambiguous orientation of functions by the financial institutions,
 inconsistency in the system of rural economic and social development,
 serious lack of financial resources, and low levels of management in rural
 financial institutions. To tackle these problems, we have to first
 recognize the significance of rural financial system reforms from a
 strategic point of view, and then we need to set up a proper framework for
 rural financial reforms and let the government play a leading role in
 rural financial reform and development.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-70 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=386YJCTNQ9EU4ADU 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Kuang Yuanpei and Li
 Ruifen. 2004. "Research on Cooperative System and the Reform of Rural
 Credit Cooperatives in China." Journal of Beijing Agricultural College
 4.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT>McKinnon, Ronald I. 1988. Money and Capital in Financial
 Development. Shanghai: Sanlian Bookshop.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>3</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Rajan, Raghuram G., and Luigi
 Zingales. 2001. "The Big Reverse: Financial Development Politics in the
 Twentieth Century." In Risks, Uncertainty, and Order. Financial and
 Economic Press of China.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Shaw, Edward S. 1988. Financial Deepening
 in Economic Development. Shanghai: Sanlian Bookshop.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>World Bank. 2001. Finance
 and Growth: The Choice in Turmoil Conditions. Beijing: Economic Sciences
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT>Zhou Xiaochuan [President of the People's Bank of China]. 2004.
 "Speech at the Closing of the International Seminar on Private Economy and
 Development of China." Chinese Financial Daily, June 20.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:57-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         Editor's Introduction       
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7P3VVFWKQKPEJ3MF 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HOWELL H. ZEE 
Author-X-Name-First: HOWELL H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZEE 
Author-Name: FARHAN HAMEED 
Author-X-Name-First: FARHAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: HAMEED 
Title:         Reforming China's Personal Income Tax       
Abstract:
       This article derives the distribution of wages in China on the basis
 of the Pareto distribution, and employs it to simulate the revenue and
 distributive consequences of various options of restructuring the personal
 income tax schedule as applied to wage income. The obtained simulation
 results are interesting and plausible and could thus inform policy
 deliberations on reforming the personal income tax in China.	 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-56 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8AQDNHRUWR30JDY6 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Champernowne, D.G., and
 Frank A. Cowell. 1998. Economic Inequality and Income Distribution.
 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Cowell, Frank A. 1995. Measuring
 Inequality. Hemel Hempstead, UK: Prentice Hall/Harvester
 Wheatsheaf.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT>Li, Jinyan. 1991. Taxation in the People's Republic of China. New
 York: Praeger.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT>National Bureau of Statistics. 2003. China Statistical
 Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Zee, Howell H. 2005. "Personal
 Income Tax Reform: Concepts, Issues, and Comparative Country Practices."
 IMF working paper WP/05/87. Washington, DC: International Monetary
 Fund.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:40-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Author-Name: DONALD KUMMER 
Author-X-Name-First: DONALD 
Author-X-Name-Last: KUMMER 
Author-Name: JINJIAN SHEN 
Author-X-Name-First: JINJIAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: SHEN 
Title:         China's Privatization Reforms: Progress and Challenges       
Abstract:
       This article discusses the general characteristics and issues of the
 privatization programs in China, including constitutional changes,
 privatization with mergers and acquisitions, ownership structure in China,
 real estate reforms, and finance (stock market and banking). The
 challenges of these reforms are analyzed throughout the article.
 Non-state-owned and foreign-funded enterprises have contributed over 60
 percent of industrial production in the Chinese economy, while over 90
 percent of Chinese workers are now employed by nonstate enterprises,
 suggesting that China is indeed a market-oriented economy. Interestingly,
 we find that non-state-owned enterprises contributed more 70 percent of
 total taxes to the Chinese government.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8H11GUF6RFEAPN7Q 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Chung, Chi-ho, Hung-Gay
 Fung, and Felix Y. Kwan. 2005. "China's Corporate Governance and Reforms."
 China and World Economy 13, no. 5 (September- October): 28-42.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT>Dong, Jie Lin,
 and Jie Hu. 1995. "Mergers and Acquisitions in China." Economic Review
 (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) (November): 15-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>Feltenstein, Andrew, and
 Saleh M. Nsouli. 2003. "'Big Bang' Versus Gradualism in Economic Reforms:
 An Intertemporal Analysis with an Application to China." IMF Staff Papers
 50, no. 3: 458-80.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Fischer, Stanley. 1993. "Socialist Economy Reform: Lessons
 of the First Three Years." American Economic Review 83, no. 2 (May):
 390-95.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay. 2003. "A Rise of Capitalism in China." China
 Business Review 2, no. 1 (August): 1-7.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay, and Wai Kin Leung.
 2002. "The A- and B-Share Chinese Equity Markets: Segmentation or
 Integration." In Financial Markets and Foreign Direct Investment in
 Greater China, ed. Hung-Gay Fung and Kevin H. Zhang. Armonk, NY: M.E.
 Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay, and Qinfeng "Wilson" Liu. 2005. "China's
 Financial Reform in Banking and Securities Markets." In China and the
 Challenge of Economic Globalization: The Impact of WTO Membership, ed.
 Hung-Gay Fung, Changhong Pei, and Kevin H. Zhang. Armonk, NY: M.E.
 Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay, Julius H. Johnson, Jr., and Yanda Xu. 2004.
 "Winners and Losers: Foreign Firms in China's Emerging Market." The
 Chinese Economy 37, no. 3 (May-June): 5-16.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay, Wai Lee, and
 Wai Kin Leung. 2000. "Segmentation of the A- and B-share Chinese Equity
 Markets." Journal of Financial Research 23 (Summer): 179-95.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay,
 Alan Guoming Huang, Qinfeng "Wilson" Liu, and Maggie Xiaoqin Shen. 2006.
 "The Development of the Real Estate Industry in China." The Chinese
 Economy 39, no. 1 (January-February): 85-104.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Huang Meng-Fu, ed. 2004.
 Development Report of Non-State-Owned Enterprises, no.1 (in Chinese).
 Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>12</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>Li, L.H. 1997. "Privatization of the
 Urban Land Market in Shanghai." Journal of Real Estate Literature 5, no. 2
 (July): 161-68.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT>Liu, Guy S., and Gaia Garino. 2001. "Privatization or
 Competition? A Lesson Learnt from the Chinese Enterprise Reform."
 Economics of Planning 34, nos. 1-2: 37-51.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>Tseo, G.K.Y., and E.L. Ramos.
 1995. "Employee Empowerment: Solution to a Burgeoning Crisis?" Challenge
 38, no. 5 (September): 25-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang, Gaiyan, and Hung-Gay Fung. 2006.
 "On the Imbalance Between the Real Estate Market and the Stock Markets in
 China." The Chinese Economy 39, no. 2 (March-April): 26-39.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:5-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: GAIYAN ZHANG 
Author-X-Name-First: GAIYAN 
Author-X-Name-Last: ZHANG 
Author-Name: HUNG-GAY FUNG 
Author-X-Name-First: HUNG-GAY 
Author-X-Name-Last: FUNG 
Title:         On the Imbalance Between the Real Estate Market and the Stock Markets in China       
Abstract:
       This article explores the imbalance between China's real estate
 market, which is booming, and the stock market, which has plunged over
 four years. Our empirical analysis shows that the two markets are
 systematically negatively related due to fund flows. The plummeting stock
 indexes are partly caused by the surge in the property market. In the
 meantime, the stock composite index is found to be significant in
 explaining housing-price movements, which are also affected by the
 inflation rate and hot money inflows. Policy measures redirecting the
 influx of funds from the housing market to the stock markets will help
 structural adjustment in stock markets, which is one of the nation's key
 tasks.    
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-39 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BV6T0DNV0K182RLA 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>Cooper, Sherry S. 2005.
 "Best Way to Invest in China Is Not in China." BMO Nesbitt Burns Economic
 Research, June 20.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT>Fung, Hung-Gay, Alan G. Huang, Qingfeng Liu, and Maggie X.
 Shen. 2006. "The Development of the Real Estate Industry in China." The
 Chinese Economy 39, no. 1 (January-February): 85-104.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Li Yang, ed. 2005.
 Blue Book of Finance: China-Banking and Financial Market Development.
 Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>Silverman, Ellen J. 2005. "Market Risk:
 China Stock Markets Hit Six-Year Low." Speech given by the Global
 Association of Risk Professionals, April 28.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT>Woods, Richard, and David
 Smith. 2005. "Is the Global Housing Bubble Set to Burst?" Sunday Times,
 June 19.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT>Yi Xianrong. 2005. "The Overheated Chinese Real Estate Market and
 Risk Monitoring." Finance and Trade Economics: 14-21.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>Zhang, Gaiyan.
 1998. "Stimulating China's Real Estate Market: Fiscal and Monetary
 Policies and the Risk Forecasting System." Financial Studies 9:
 4-10.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:2:p:26-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong  Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Rural Migrants' Perceptions of Public Safety Protections in Urban China: The Case of Tianjin 
Abstract:
 One of the by-products of economic reforms is the unprecedented number of
 floating population from rural to urban areas. These rural migrants have
 become a new class that experiences "institutionalized exclusion" in their
 adoptive cities in areas including housing, work, and social entitlements.
 The "institutionalized exclusion" also spills over in another important
 areaâpublic safety protectionsâand rural migrants receive inadequate
 protections provided by the police and the neighborhood committee.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-41 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E2153K4532K0N18N 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bakken, B. 1993.
 "Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Deterrence Policy in China."
 >i>Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs>/i> 30: 29-58.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bodeen,
 Christopher. 2003. "China Attempts Migrant Detention Reform." June 23. >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.belleville.com/mld/newsdemocrat/6149922.htm'>http://www.b
 elleville.com/mld/newsdemocrat/6149922.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Burgheim, Joachim, and Anton
 Sterbling. 2002. "Subjective Safety, Quality of Life, Police Community
 RelationsâWith a Special Emphasis on Age Specific Perspectives." >i>Die
 KriminalprÃ¤vention>/i> 6, no. 3: 91-98; no. 4: 128-39.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cancino, Jeffrey
 M. 2002. >i>Nonmetropolitan Social Disorganization: A Multilevel Analysis
 of Quality of Life.>/i> Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Carcach, C.,
 and S.K. Mukherjee. 2002. "Fear of Violence Among Australian Women."
 >i>Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal>/i> 4:
 23-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Aimin. 2004. "Urban Unemployment and Segmented Labor
 Markets." In >i>Urbanization and Social Welfare in China>/i>, ed. Aimin
 Chen, Gordon G. Liu, and Kevin H. Zhang, 141-66. Burlington, VT:
 Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chen Jiping. 2000. >i>Yearbook of China's Comprehensive
 Treatment of Public Safety Program 1997-1998.>/i> Beijing: Law
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Nancy N., Constance D. Clark, Suzanne Z. Gottschang, and
 Lyn Jeffery, ed. 2001. >i>China Urban: Ethnographies of Contemporary
 Culture.>/i> Durham: Duke University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Davis, Deborah S., Richard
 Kraus, Barry Naughton, and Elizabeth J. Perry. 1995. >i>Urban Spaces in
 Contemporary China.>/i> Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dunham, Roger G., and Geoffrey P. Alpert.
 2001. >i>Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings.>/i> Prospect
 Heights, IL: Waveland Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gibson, Chris L, Jihong Zhao, and
 Nicholas P. Lovrich. 2002. "Social Integration, Individual Perceptions of
 Collective Efficacy, and Fear of Crime in Three Cities." >i>Justice
 Quarterly>/i> 19: 537-64.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hamai, Koichi. 2002. "Is Japan Still the
 Safest Country in the World?" >i>International Annals of Criminology>/i>
 40: 129-37.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> HRIC (Human Rights in China). 2002. >i>Institutionalized
 Exclusion: The Tenuous Legal Status of Internal Migrants in China's Major
 Cities.>/i> UK Foreign and Commonwealth Human Rights Project Fund,
 November 6.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Lane, Jodi, and James W. Meeker. 2003. "Women's and Men's Fear
 of Gang Crimes: Sexual and Nonsexual Assault as Perceptually
 Contemporaneous Offenses." >i>Justice Quarterly>/i> 20, no. 2:
 337-71.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lee, Matthew R., and Terri L. Earnest. 2003. "Perceived
 Community Cohesion and Perceived Risk of Victimization: A Cross-National
 Analysis." >i>Justice Quarterly>/i> 20, no. 1: 131-57.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li, Haizheng,
 and Steven Zahniser. 2003. "Determinants of Temporary Rural-Urban
 Migration." >i>Urban Studies>/i> 39, no. 12: 2219-36.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> NBS (National
 Bureau of Statistics). Various issues. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i>
 Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Noble, Greg, Scott Poynting,
 and Jock Collins. 2002. >i>Ethnicity, Youth, and Crime in Sydney.>/i>
 Sydney: University of Western Sydney Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>19</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sigler, Robert T., and
 Beverly S. Curry. 1992. "Handling the Hostage Taker: Public Perception of
 the Use of Force by the Police." >i>American Journal of Police>/i> 11:
 113-25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>20</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sims, Barbara, Michael Hooper, and Steven A. Peterson. 2002.
 "Determinants of Citizens' Attitudes Toward Police: Results of the
 Harrisburg Citizen Survey, 1999." >i>Police: An International Journal of
 Police Strategies and Management>/i> 25: 457-71.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>21</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Solinger, Dorothy. 1999.
 >i>Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State, and
 the Logic of the Market.>/i> Berkeley: University of California
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>22</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang Wudong. 1995. >i>The Floating Population in Shanghai in the
 1990s.>/i> Shanghai: Huadong Normal University Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Warr, Mark.
 1995. "Public Perceptions of Crime and Punishment." In >i>Criminology>/i>,
 ed. Joseph F. Sheley, 15-30. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yang, J. 1996.
 "Educating Transient Workers." >i>Beijing Review>/i>, June 3-9:
 20-23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin H., and Shunfeng Song. 2003. "Rural-Urban Migration
 and Urbanization in China: Evidence from Time-Series and Cross-Section
 Analyses." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14, no. 4: 386-400.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Li. 2001.
 "Contesting Crime, Order, and Migrant Spaces in Beijing." In Chen et al.,
 ed., >i>China Urban>/i>, 201-22.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:26-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K25035K1K5637234 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Does International Investment Help Poverty Reduction in China? 
Abstract:
 This study analyzes effects of international investment on poverty
 reduction in China by testing a growth model with provincial data.
 Economic growth is the single most important factor influencing poverty
 reduction. Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) seems central to
 achieving that goal because it is a key ingredient for successful growth
 in China. FDI might reduce poverty through promoting economic growth and
 diffusing growth widely. Results of cross-section and panel estimates
 suggest that FDI is indeed an important source of China's economic growth
 and therefore a powerful force for poverty reduction. The more poverty
 could be reduced through government-led programs and polices that improve
 poor provinces' investment environments the more FDI is attracted.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-90 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M18U57246K306V05 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Barro, Robert, and
 Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 1995. >i>Economic Growth.>/i> Cambridge: MIT Press.
 Borensztein, E., J. De Gregorio, and J.-W. Lee. 1998. "How Does Foreign
 Investment Affect Economic Growth?" >i>Journal of International
 Economics>/i> 45: 115-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Borensztein, E., J. De Gregorio, and J.-W.
 Lee. 1998 "How Does Foreign Investment Affect Economic Growth?" >i>Journal
 of International Economics>/i> 45: 115-35.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Dollar, David, and Aart
 Kraay. 2002a. "Spreading the Wealth." >i>Foreign Affairs>/i> 81, no. 1:
 120-33.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Dollar, David, and Aart Kraay. 2002b. "Growth Is Good for the
 Poor." >i>Journal of Economic Growth>/i> 7, no. 3: 195-225.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feder, Gershon.
 1982. "On Exports and Economic Growth." >i>Journal of Development
 Economics>/i> 12: 59-73.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Levin, Andrew, and Lakshmi Raut. 1997.
 "Complementarities Between Exports and Human Capital in Economic Growth:
 Evidence from the Semi-Industrialized Countries." >i>Economic Development
 and Cultural Changes>/i> 46, no. 1: 155-74.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Macnair, E., J. Murdoch, C.
 Pi, and T. Sandler. 1995. "Growth and Defense: Pooled Estimates for the
 NATO Alliance, 1951-1988." >i>Southern Economic Journal>/i> 61, no. 3:
 846-60.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). 1996. >i>China Regional
 Economy: A Profile of Seventeen Years of Reform and Opening-Up.>/i>
 Beijing: China Statistical Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> NBS (National Bureau of Statistics).
 1992-2004. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistical
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ravallion, Martin. 2003. "The Debate on Globalization, Poverty,
 and Inequality: Why Measurement Matters." World Bank Policy Research
 Working Paper no. 3038.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on
 Trade and Development). 1992-2004. >i>World Investment Report.>/i> New
 York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> White, Halbert. 1980. "A
 Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct
 Test for Heteroscedasticity." >i>Econometrica>/i> 48: 817-38.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> World Bank.
 1997. >i>Sharing Rising Incomes: Disparities in China.>/i> Washington,
 DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1990. >i>World Development Report 1990: Poverty.>/i>
 New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2000. >i>World Development
 Report 2000: Attacking Poverty.>/i> Washington, DC: International Bank for
 Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2002.
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     </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:79-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ming  Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Zhao  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Urbanization, Urban-Biased Policies, and Urban-Rural Inequality in China, 1987-2001 
Abstract:
 Post-reform economic policies in China have been biased toward urban
 residents and have contributed to the increasing urban-rural inequality.
 Analysis of the provincial panel data during 1987-2001 shows that
 urbanization significantly narrowed the urban-rural inequality. We also
 find that interprovincial migration, economic opening, and governmental
 participation in economic activity are contributing to the expanding
 urban-rural inequality. The structure of governmental expenditure is also
 found to have significant effects on urban-rural inequality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-63 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N937P467537V0X24 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cai Fang, Du Yang, and
 Wang Meiyan. 2001. "Household Registration System and Labor Market
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:42-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Belton M. Fleisher 
Author-X-Name-First: Belton M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleisher 
Author-Name: Dennis Tao Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Tao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: Problems of China's Rural Labor Markets and Rural-Urban Migration 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-25 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U37206V167548U04 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:6-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lee  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lee  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Impacts of Market Location on Rural Poverty and Income Inequality in China 
Abstract:
 The article applies the von ThÃ¼nen agricultural land-use theory to
 examine spatial relationships between market location and rural poverty
 and inequality. Three national market centers were determined:
 Beijing-Tianjin, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou, and Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai.
 Regression results show that distance from market has a strong impact on
 rural per capita income. Between 1978 and 1990, provinces both near and
 far away from market had higher per capita rural income, while those in
 the middle had the lowest. From 1991 to 2002, rural income was highest in
 provinces near the market, but dropped first quickly and then gradually
 along with distance from market. Remote provinces experienced the slowest
 increase in and the lowest level of rural income. The impact of market
 distance increased from 1991 to 2002. By the 2000-2002 period, distance
 explains 82 percent of the variation in rural income. Globalization of the
 Chinese economy and development policy were believed to be among major
 causes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-78 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X47726384404WU41 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 nong.gov.cn/qwfb/nmsr/200408020265.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:64-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cai  Fang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang 
Author-Name: Du  Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Du  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: The Changing Nature of Rural Poverty and New Policy Orientations 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-24 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:10-24




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Author-Name: Ingrid  Nielsen 
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Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen 
Author-Name: Russell  Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell  
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Author-Name: Mingqiong  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Mingqiong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Unemployment Within China's Floating Population: Empirical Evidence from Jiangsu Survey Data 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-56 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:41-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles C.L. Kwong 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles C.L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwong 
Author-Name: Wai Chung (Harry) Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Chung (Harry) 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Title: Guest Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D22T27760J080357 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:3-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linxiu  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Linxiu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Renfu  Luo 
Author-X-Name-First: Renfu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo 
Author-Name: Chengfang  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chengfang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Scott  Rozelle 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott  
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozelle 
Title: Investing in Rural China: Tracking China's Commitment to Modernization 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-84 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E1813X3970326711 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:57-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bryan  Lohmar 
Author-X-Name-First: Bryan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lohmar 
Title: Feeling for Stones But Not Crossing the River: China's Rural Land Tenure After Twenty Years of Reform 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 85-102 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N49Q57K85440Q255 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Qiao, Fangbin,
 Bryan Lohmar, Jikun Huang, Scott Rozelle, and Linxiu Zhang. 2003.
 "Producer Benefits from Input Market and Trade Liberalization: The Case of
 Fertilizer in China." >i>American Journal of Agricultural Economics>/i>
 85, no. 5: 1223-27.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
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 "Village Leaders and Land-Rights Formation in China." >i>American Economic
 Review>/i> 88, no. 2 (May): 433-38.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
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 Jianping, Jeffrey Riedinger, and Li Ping. 2002. "An Update on China's
 Rural Land Tenure Reforms: Analysis and Recommendations Based on a
 Seventeen-Province Survey." >i>Columbia Journal of Asian Law>/i> 16, no. 1
 (Fall).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>31</BIBL>       
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 Quarterly>/i>, no. 158 (June): 414-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
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 Davis. 2005. "Land Consolidation and Productivity in Chinese Household
 Crop Production." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 16: 28-49.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xu, Wei. 2004.
 "The Changing Dynamic of Land-Use Change in Rural China: A Case Study of
 Yuhang, Zhejiang Province." >i>Environment and Planning A>/i> 36:
 1595-615.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Yao, Yang. 2000. "The Development of the Land Lease Market in
 Rural China." >i>Land Economics>/i> 76, no. 2 (May): 252-66.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>35</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yao, Yang.
 2004. "Land Tenure Choice in Chinese Villages: The Rational Versus the
 Political Model." >i>Land Economics>/i> 80, no. 4: 477-89.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Qian
 Forrest, Qingguo Ma, and Xu Xu. 2004. "Development of Land Rental Markets
 in Rural Zhejiang: Growth of Off-Farm Jobs and Institutions Building."
 >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no. 180 (December): 1050-72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>37</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Xiaobo, Timothy
 Mount, and Richard Boisvert. 2004. "Industrialization, Urbanization, and
 Land Use in China." >i>Journal of Chinese Economic and Business
 Studies>/i> 2, no. 3 (September): 201-41.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:85-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuk-shing  Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk-shing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: China's Reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives: Progress and Limitations 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-40 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 8 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W477N47243635N7W 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chang Hongxiao. 2004a.
 "The Agricultural Development Bank Struggles for Survival." >i>Caijing>/i>
 (Finance and Economics) 114: 44-48.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chang Hongxiao. 2004b. "An Investigation
 of Capital Expansion in Jilin's Rural Credit Cooperatives." >i>Caijing>/i>
 114: 56-60.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng Enjiang and Cheng Yuk-shing. 2003. "Banking Reform and the
 Separation of Policy and Commercial Loans." In >i>Rural Financial Markets
 in China>/i>, ed. Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, Cheng Enjiang, and
 Zhu Gang. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Cheng Enjiang, Christopher Findlay,
 and Andrew Watson. 2003. "Institutional Innovation Without Regulation: The
 Collapse of Rural Credit Foundations and Lessons for Further Financial
 Reforms." In >i>Rural Financial Markets in China.>/i></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Du Xiaoshan.
 2005. "Practical Experiment of Rural Microfinance in China." In >i>A
 Decade of Microfinance in China>/i>, ed. Du Xiaoshan et al. Beijing:
 Social Science Literature Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li Jing. 2004. >i>The Behavior and
 Institutional Environment of China's Rural Financial Organizations.>/i>
 Shanxi: Shanxi jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ma Xiaohe. 2004. "The Difficulties and
 Policy Reform in China's Rural Finance." In >i>Rural Finance and Credit
 Infrastructure in China.>/i> Paris: OECD.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Office of the Soft Science
 Committee, Ministry of Agriculture (OSSC-MOA). 2005. >i>Increase Inputs in
 Agriculture and Improve Rural Financial Services.>/i> Beijing: China
 Agriculture Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Shang Ming, ed. 1989. >i>Contemporary China's Financial
 Undertaking.>/i> Beijing: China Social Science Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shen Minggao.
 2004. "The Monopoly of Provincial Union of Rural Credit Cooperatives Could
 Lead to Moral Hazard Problems." >i>Caijing>/i> 117 (October 4):
 55-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Watson, Andrew. 2003. "Financing Farmers: The Reform of Rural
 Credit Cooperatives and Provision of Financial Services to Farmers." In
 >i>Rural Financial Markets in China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>12</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Xie Ping. 2001. "Debates on the
 Institutional Reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives in China." >i>Financial
 Research>/i> 1: 1-13.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu Xiaobo, et al. 1994. >i>Reforms and
 Developments of China's Rural Finance.>/i> Beijing: Contemporary China
 Press (Hong Kong).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Yu Ning and He Yuxin. 2003. "Limited Reforms of Rural
 Credit Cooperatives." >i>Caijing>/i> 89: 26-36.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhou Xiaochuan. 2004.
 "Several Thoughts About Rural Financial Reforms." >i>Jingjixue Dongtai>/i>
 8: 10-15.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:25-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=83126184147660K4 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terence Tai-Leung Chong 
Author-X-Name-First: Terence Tai-Leung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong 
Author-Name: Qian  Su 
Author-X-Name-First: Qian  
Author-X-Name-Last: Su 
Title: On the Comovement of A and H Shares 
Abstract:
 Using intraday high-frequency data, this article investigates the
 comovement between the A shares and H shares of twenty-one cross-listed
 Chinese companies. It is found that only a small portion of the
 cross-listed Chinese companies have a comovement in their A- and H-share
 prices. The results suggest that the stock markets of China and Hong Kong
 are segmented. For the comoving stocks, the China stock market plays a
 major role in the price discovery contribution. We also find that
 companies that have a relatively liquid H-share market tend to have a
 comovement in their A- and H-share prices, and that the A-share price
 seems to play a more important role in finding the implicit efficient
 price for cross-listed stocks.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-86 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A7717124X5389481 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Baker, H.K., J.R.
 Nofsinger, and D.G. Weaver. 2002. "International Cross-Listing and
 Visibility." >i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 37, no.
 3: 495-521.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Chong, T.T.L., and Q. Su. 2006. "Determining the Contribution to
 Price Discovery for Chinese Cross-Listed Stocks." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance
 Journal>/i>, forthcoming.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chowdhry, B., and V. Nanda. 1991.
 "Multimarket Trading and Market Liquidity." >i>Review of Financial
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 "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit
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 Econometric Time Series.>/i> New York: John Wiley and Sons.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Engle, R.F., and
 C.W.J. Granger. 1987. "Co-Integration and Error Correction:
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 <BIBTEXT> Engle, R.F., and B.S. Yoo. 1987. "Forecasting and Testing in
 Co-Integrated Systems." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 35, no. 1:
 143-59.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Eun, C.S., and S. Sabherwal. 2003. "Cross-Border Listings and
 Price Discovery: Evidence from U.S.-Listed Canadian Stocks." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 58, no. 2: 549-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Foerster, S.R., and A.G. Karolyi. 1993.
 "International Listings of Stocks: The Case of Canada and the U.S."
 >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 24: 763-84.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> â-. 1998.
 "Multimarket Trading and Liquidity: A Transaction Data Analysis of
 Canada-U.S. Interlistings." >i>Journal of International Financial Markets,
 Institutions, and Money>/i> 8: 393-412.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Huang, G., and F.M. Song. 2005. "The
 Financial and Operating Performance of China's Newly Listed H-firms."
 >i>Pacific Basin Finance Journal>/i> 13, no. 1: 53-80.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Johansen, S.
 1988. "Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors." >i>Journal of
 Economic Dynamics and Control>/i> 12: 231-54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
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 "Interaction Among China-Related Stocks." >i>Asia-Pacific Financial
 Markets>/i> 7, no. 1: 97-115.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> McGuinness, P.B., and M.J. Ferguson.
 2005. "The Ownership Structure of Listed Chinese State-Owned Enterprises
 and Its Relation to Corporate Performance." >i>Applied Financial
 Economics>/i> 15, no. 4: 231-46.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mak, S.C., and M.S. Ngai. 2005. "Market
 Linkage for Dual-Listed Chinese Stocks." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 38, no. 2:
 88-107.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mittoo, U.R. 1992. "Managerial Perceptions of the Net Benefits
 of Foreign Listing: Canadian Evidence." >i>Journal of International
 Financial Management and Accounting>/i> 4, no. 1: 40-62.</BIBTEXT>	
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 Process Information the Fastest?" >i>Journal of Multinational Financial
 Management>/i> 10: 315-43.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Smith, K., and G. Sofianos. 1997. "The
 Impact of an NYSE Listing on the Global Trading of Non-U.S. Stocks."
 Working paper 97-2, New York Stock Exchange.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
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 1988. "Interaction Among China-Related Stocks: Evidence from a Causality
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 <BIBTEXT> Wang, S.S., and L. Jiang. 2004. "Location of Trade, Ownership
 Restrictions, and Market Illiquidity: Examining Chinese A and H Shares."
 >i>Journal of Banking and Finance>/i> 28, no. 6: 1273-97.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Werner, I.M.,
 and A.W. Kleidon. 1996. "U.K. and U.S. Trading of British Cross-Listed
 Stocks: An Intraday Analysis of Market Integration." >i>Review of
 Financial Studies>/i> 9: 619-64.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, X.E. 2001. "Market Structure,
 Volatility, and Performance of H Shares." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 34, no.
 1: 49-73.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Xu, X.E., and H.G. Fung. 2002. "Information Flows Across
 Markets: Evidence from China-Backed Stocks Dual-Listed in Hong Kong and
 New York." >i>Financial Review>/i> 37, no. 4: 563-88.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Y., and
 R. Zhao. 2003. "Risk Under One Country and Two Systems: Evidence from
 Class A, B, and H Shares of Chinese Listed Companies." >i>Review of
 Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies>/i> 6, no. 2:
 179-97.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:68-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing  Chi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi 
Author-Name: Carol  Padgett 
Author-X-Name-First: Carol  
Author-X-Name-Last: Padgett 
Title: Operating Performance and Its Relationship to Market Performance of Chinese Initial Public Offerings 
Abstract:
 We investigate the operating performance changes of initial public
 offerings (IPOs) and the relation between operating performance and both
 short-run underpricing and long-run market returns of IPOs. We find that
 listing causes a significant deterioration in profitability, sales-growth
 rates, and efficiency, and brings a significant increase in sales and a
 significant decrease in leverage. We also find underpricing has
 insignificant explanatory power in predicting post-issue operating
 performance, which suggests that the signaling hypothesis does not explain
 underpricing very well in Chinese IPO markets. Using a cross-sectional
 analysis, we find firms with higher return on assets (ROA), smaller size
 (lower sales), higher sales-growth rates, higher asset turnover, and
 higher debt-to-asset ratios enjoy higher long-run market returns.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-50 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H2N3H70343411157 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aggarwal, R., R. Leal,
 and L. Hernandez. 1993. "The After-Market Performance of Initial Public
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 <BIBTEXT> Allen, F., and G.R. Faulhaber. 1989. "Signaling by Underpricing
 in the IPO Market." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 23:
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 85-104.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N., and J.C. Cosset. 1998. "The Financial and
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 <BIBTEXT> Brealey, R., and S. Myers. 2002. >i>Principles of Corporate
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 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chan, K., J.B. Wang, and K.C.
 Wei. 2004. "Underpricing and Long-Term Performance of IPOs in China."
 >i>Journal of Corporate Finance>/i> 10, no. 3: 409-30.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, G.M., M.
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 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chi, J., and C. Padgett. 2005a.
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 <BIBTEXT> Collins, D.W., E.L. Maydew, and I.S. Weiss. 1997. "Changes in
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 >i>China Accounting and Finance Review>/i> 2, no. 4: 26-53.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Loughran, T.,
 and J.R. Ritter. 1997. "The Operating Performance of Firms Conducting
 Seasoned Equity Offerings." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 52:
 1823-50.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> McLaughlin, R., A. Safieddine, and G. Vasudevan. 1996. "The
 Operating Performance of Seasoned Equity Issues: Free Cash Flow and
 Post-Issue Performance." >i>Financial Management>/i> 25, no. 4:
 41-53.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>31</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Megginson, W.L., and J.M. Netter. 2001. "From State to Market: A
 Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization." >i>Journal of Economic
 Literature>/i> 39, no. 2: 321-89.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Megginson, W.L., R. Nash, and M.V.
 Randenborgh. 1994. "The Financial and Operating Performance of Newly
 Privatized Firms: An International Empirical Analysis." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 49: 403-52.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Michaely, R., and W.H. Shaw. 1994. "The
 Pricing of Initial Public Offerings: Tests of Adverse Selection and
 Signalling Theories." >i>Review of Financial Studies>/i> 7:
 279-319.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>34</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Mikkelson, W.H., M.M. Partch, and K. Shah. 1997. "Ownership and
 Operating Performance of Companies That Go Public." >i>Journal of
 Financial Economics>/i> 44: 281-307.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>35</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Neter, J., W. Wasserman, and G.A.
 Whitmore. 1988. >i>Applied Statistics.>/i> 3d ed. Newton, MA: Allyn and
 Bacon.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Pagano, M., F. Panetta, and L. Zingales. 1998. "Why Do Companies
 Go Public? An Empirical Analysis." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 53:
 27-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ritter, J.R. 1991. "The Long-Run Performance of Initial Public
 Offerings." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 46: 3-27.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>38</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sun, Q., and H.S. Tong.
 2003. "China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>39</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, X.Z., L.X. Xu, and
 T. Zhu. 2004. "State-Owned Enterprises Going Public." >i>Economics of
 Transition>/i> 12, no. 3: 467-87.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>40</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Welch, I. 1989. "Seasoned Offerings,
 Imitation Costs, and the Underwriting of the IPOs." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 44: 421-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:28-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zong-Jun  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zong-Jun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Xiao-Lan  Deng 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao-Lan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng 
Title: Corporate Governance and Financial Distress: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies 
Abstract:
 We investigate the relationship between corporate governance
 characteristics and the risk of financial distress in the context of the
 Chinese transitional economy. Using a sample of ninety-six financially
 distressed companies and ninety-six healthy companies, we find that large
 shareholder ownership, state ownership, and the proportion of independent
 directors are negatively associated with the probability of distress.
 Additionally, managerial agency costs are badly detrimental to a company's
 financial status. However, the degree of balanced ownership, managerial
 ownership, board size, and CEO duality do not significantly affect the
 probability of default. Furthermore, we test the influence of
 state-controlling right by subgrouping the sample into state-controlled
 and non-state-controlled companies. The results indicate that
 corporate-governance attributes act differently on the status of financial
 distress between the two subsamples.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-27 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=QV722086Q8VH1744 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, J. H., Y.
 Lee, and P. Murrell. 2000. "Competition and Privatization Amidst Weak
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    <BIBTEXT> Jensen, M.C., and W.H. Meckling. 1976. "Theory of the Firm:
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 1992. "Institutional and Strategic Choice Perspectives on Board
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 1999. "The Benefits of Privatization: Evidence from Mexico." >i>Quarterly
 Journal of Economics>/i> 114, no. 4: 1193-242.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R., F.
 Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny. 2000. "Investor Protection
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 3-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Lee, T.S., and Y.H. Yeh. 2004. "Corporate Governance and
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 International Review>/i> 12, no. 3: 378-88.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lin, C. 2001.
 "Corporatisation and Corporate Governance in China's Economic Transition."
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     <BIBL>26</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Mueller, D., and V. Barker. 1997.
 "Upper Echelons and Board Characteristics of Turnaround and Non-Turnaround
 Declining Firms." >i>Journal of Business Research>/i> 39: 119.</BIBTEXT>  
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 and A. Roel. 1998. "The Choice of Stock Ownership Structure: Agency Costs,
 Monitoring, and the Decision to Go Public." >i>Quarterly Journal of
 Economics>/i> 113: 187-225.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>28</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Parker, S., F.P. Gary, and F.T. Howard.
 2002. "Corporate Governance and Corporate Failure: A Survival Analysis."
 >i>Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in
 Society>/i> 2, no. 2: 4-12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>29</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Pearce, J.A., and S.A. Zahra. 1992.
 "Board Composition from a Strategic Contingency Perspective." Journal of
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 Function of Hospital Boards of Directors: A Study of
 Organization-Environment Linkage." >i>Administrative Science Quarterly>/i>
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 <BIBTEXT> Rechner, P., and C. Dalton. 1991. "CEO Duality and
 Organizational Performance: A Longitudinal Analysis." >i>Strategic
 Management Journal>/i> 26: 175.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A., and R.W. Vishny. 1986.
 "Large Shareholders and Corporate Control." >i>Journal of Political
 Economy>/i> 94, no. 3: 461-89.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 "Management Entrenchment: The Case of Manager-Specific Investments."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 25, no. 1: 123-39.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A.,
 and R.W. Vishny. 1994. "Politicians and Firms." >i>Quarterly Journal of
 Economics>/i> 109, no. 4: 995-1026.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A., and R.W. Vishny. 1997. "A
 Survey of Corporate Governance." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 52, no. 2:
 737-83.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>36</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Simpson, W.G., and A.E. Gleason. 1999. "Board Structure,
 Ownership, and Financial Distress in Banking Firms." >i>International
 Review of Economics and Finance>/i> 8: 281-92.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>37</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Singh, M., and W.N.
 Davidson. 2003. "Agency Costs, Ownership Structure, and Corporate
 Governance Mechanisms." >i>Journal of Banking and Finance>/i> 27:
 793-816.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>38</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Teall, J.L. 1993. "Shareholder Control and Financial Distress in
 the Thrift Industry." >i>Journal of Business Research>/i> 26, no. 2:
 161-71.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>39</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wei, Z.B., and O. Varela. 2003. "State Equity Ownership and Firm
 Market Performance: Evidence from China's Newly Privatized Firms."
 >i>Global Finance Journal>/i> 14: 65-82.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>40</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Westphal, J., and J. Fredrickson.
 2001. "Who Directs Strategic Change? Director Experience, the Selection of
 New CEOs, and Change in Corporate Strategy." >i>Strategic Management
 Journal>/i> 22, no. 12: 1113.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>41</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wu, C.F.J. 1986. "Jackknife, Bootstrap,
 and Other Resampling Plans in Regression Analysis." >i>Annals of
 Statistics>/i> 14: 1261-95.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>42</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, X.N., and Y. Wang. 1997. "Ownership
 Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm's Performance." Working paper,
 World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>43</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Yermack, D. 1996. "Higher Market Valuation of Companies with a
 Small Board of Directors." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 40:
 185-211.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:5-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chao  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chao  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Wenbin  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Wenbin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Jing  Chi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi 
Title: Underpricing and Operating Performance of Chinese B-Share Initial Public Offerings 
Abstract:
 Previous research shows that Chinese A-share initial public offerings
 (IPOs) experience very high initial returns. This study focuses on Chinese
 B-share IPOs and investigates their initial returns, operating performance
 change before and after listing, and long-run market performance. We study
 all B-share IPOs listed from 1992 to 2000 in China and find that the
 average underpricing of Chinese B-share IPOs is 28.63 percent, which is
 statistically and economic significant. The initial returns of B-share
 IPOs on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are significantly higher than those on
 the Shanghai Stock Exchange; the smaller size IPOs are significantly
 higher than those of larger issuance; and the periods with fewer IPOs are
 higher than those when more IPOs are listed. Results show that the
 operating performance of B-share companies deteriorates after listing,
 indicating that earnings management is popular among those firms. We also
 find that the abnormal long-run returns of B shares are marginally
 negatively significant and go down year by year, which is consistent with
 the change of operating performance of B-share companies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-67 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RQ064565L0867K34 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aharony, J., C.J. Lee,
 and T.J. Wong. 2000. "Financial Packaging of IPO Firms in China."
 >i>Journal of Accounting Research>/i> 38: 103-26.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chan, K., J.B. Wang, and
 K.C. Wei. 2004. "Underpricing and Long-Term Performance of IPOs in China."
 >i>Journal of Corporate Finance>/i> 10: 409-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chi, J., and C. Padgett.
 2006. "Operating Performance and Its Relationship to the Market
 Performance of Chinese IPOs." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 5
 (September-October): 29-52.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liu, L., and W.D. Li. 2000. "Research on
 First Day's Abnormal Returns of IPOs in China's Securities Market."
 >i>China Accounting and Finance Review>/i> 2, no. 4: 26-53.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Loughran, T.,
 J.R. Ritter, and K. Rydqvist. 1994. "International Public Offerings:
 International Insights." >i>Pacific-Basin Financial Journal>/i> 2:
 165-99.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lyon, J., B. Barber, and C.L. Tsai. 1999. "Improved Methods for
 Tests of Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 54:
 165-201.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mok, H.M.K., and Y.V. Hui. 1998. "Underpricing and After-Market
 Performance of IPOs in Shanghai, China." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance
 Journal>/i> 6, no. 5: 453-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ritter, J.R. 1991. "The Long-Run
 Performance of Initial Public Offerings." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 46:
 3-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Su, D., and B.M. Fleisher. 1999. "An Empirical Investigation of
 Underpricing in Chinese IPOs." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 7, no.
 2: 173-202.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, J.B. 1997. "Measure of IPOs' Underpricing and Its Possible
 Explanations." >i>Economics Review>/i> 12: 17-24.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:51-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Author-Name: Joanne  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Joanne  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: A First Look at the Finance Research Productivity Among Academic Institutions and Authors in China, 1990-2004 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 87-98 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T3034280401V32H5 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chan, K.C., C. Chen,
 and P. Lung. 2005. "A Ranking of Finance Programs in the Asia-Pacific
 Region: An Update." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 13:
 584-600.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chan, K.C., C.R. Chen, and T.L. Steiner. 2001. "Research
 Productivity of the Finance Profession in the Asia-Pacific Region."
 >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 9: 265-80.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Gibson, J. 2000. "Research
 Productivity in New Zealand University Economics Departments: Comments and
 Update." >i>New Zealand Economic Papers>/i> 34: 73-88.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Laband, D.N.
 1985. A Ranking of the Top Canadian Economics Departments by Research
 Productivity of Graduates." >i>Canadian Journal of Economics>/i> 18:
 904-7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, N.C., Y. Cheng, and L. Liu. 2005. "Academic Ranking of
 World Universities Using Scientometrics: A Comment on âFatal
 Attraction,â" >i>Scientometrics>/i> 64: 101-9.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Pomfret, R., and L.C. Wang.
 2003. "Evaluating the Research Output of Australian Universities'
 Economics Departments." >i>Australian Economic Papers>/i> 42:
 418-41.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Towe, J. 1996. "The Ranking of University Accounting and Finance
 Departments in Australia, 1990-94." Working paper, Department of
 Economics, University of Sydney.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:5:p:87-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jian-Rong  Hou 
Author-X-Name-First: Jian-Rong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou 
Author-Name: Pei  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Pei  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Dan  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Title: A Unit Root Test for Two Time Series in China's Tourism Industry 
Abstract:
 This article examines the time series behavior of two important tourism
 statistical variables: ITR (International Tourism Receipts) and NITAC
 (Number of International Tourist Arrivals to China) over the past two
 decades (1984-2004). Our unit root tests reveal that both series are
 integrated of order one, with the shocks having permanent effects.
 Information criteria used for the unit root tests suggest ARIMA (2, 1, and
 2) and ARIMA (1, 1, and 0) models for series ITR and NITAC, respectively.
 No tests are statistically significant at the 5 percent or higher
 confidence levels, which indicates that the data are completely random and
 the models are adequate. The models can best describe the behavior of
 tourism growth variables.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-48 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=375237P853339L52 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Dickey, D.A., and W.A.
 Fuller. 1979. "A Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time
 Series with a Unit Root." >i>Journal of the American Statistical
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 Roots: A Monte Carlo Investigation." >i>Journal of Business and Economic
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 Stationarity Test As a Unit Root Test." >i>Economic Letters>/i> 38:
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 In >i>Handbook of Econometrics>/i>, vol. 4, chap. 46, ed. R.F. Engle and
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:39-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai Kin Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Kin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Author-Name: Eliza Ching-Yick Tse 
Author-X-Name-First: Eliza Ching-Yick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tse 
Title: Guest Editors' Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A57715P3K153NR4L 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank C. Tsai 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai 
Author-Name: Ben K. Goh 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goh 
Author-Name: Lynn  Huffman 
Author-X-Name-First: Lynn  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huffman 
Author-Name: C. Kenny Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: C. Kenny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Competency Assessment for Entry-Level Lodging Management Trainees in Taiwan 
Abstract:
 The lodging industry in Taiwan is forging new links with hospitality
 management academia in the chain of supply and demand for entry-level
 managerial personnel. Essential competencies for entry-level lodging
 management trainees, based on input from industry professionals and
 academic educators in Taiwan, Republic of China, provided the basis for
 this investigation. The differences between perceptions of lodging
 professionals and hospitality educators regarding managerial trainee
 competency were examined. ANOVA [analysis of variance] was employed in
 testing relationships between perceptions of lodging management personnel
 and hospitality management educators. There were sixteen significant
 differences (p > .05) found between two groups within the sixty competency
 statements investigated. Recommendations and suggestions for the lodging
 industry, hospitality management education, and future research were
 included.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-69 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BU4203442QV7QK05 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ashley R.A., S.A. Bach,
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 Education Relevant? Ask Graduates." >i>Hospitality and Tourism
 Educators>/i> 6, no. 3: 13-16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 Hospitality: Custom and Credentials." >i>International Journal of
 Hospitality Management>/i> 12, no. 2: 53-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
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 Church, J. Waclawski, and J.M. Stanton. 2002. "Organizational Survey
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 Management>/i> 22, no. 1: 43-62.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
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 Management Trainees." >i>Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration
 Quality>/i> 37, no. 4: 90-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
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 Products." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:49-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ming  Yin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin 
Author-Name: Song-Zheng  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Song-Zheng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Research on a Dynamic Model of Trust Building Within Regional Tourism Alliances: Evidence from China 
Abstract:
 The purpose of this study is to examine the emergence of trust as a
 dynamic process and develop a dynamic model of trust building within
 regional tourism alliances (RTAs) in China. Previous studies of trust were
 used to identify a potential trust-building process for partners in
 interorganization with four potential stages: previous history,
 (re)negotiation, commitment, and execution. A case study approach was then
 used to explore the development of trust within RTAs. The results indicate
 that the process of trust building can be examined as a sequential
 process. The previous stage enables trust building in the next stage. The
 output of the previous stage is an input into the next stage. The previous
 history represents the input of trust building. The negotiation stage has
 an input from previous history and output to commitment. The execution
 stage has an input from commitment and output to the next cycle.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-18 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=JL111P4R78134161 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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   <BIBTEXT> Zaheer, A., B. McEvily, and V. Perrone. 1998. "Does Trust
 Matter? Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal
 Trust on Performance." >i>Organization Science>/i> 9, no. 2 (April):
 141-59.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zand, D.E. 1972. "Trust and Managerial Problem Solving."
 >i>Administrative Science Quarterly>/i> 17, no. 2 (April):
 223-29.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:5-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lan  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Lan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Eliza Ching-Yick Tse 
Author-X-Name-First: Eliza Ching-Yick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tse 
Author-Name: Bag Yan Gu 
Author-X-Name-First: Bag Yan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu 
Title: The Relationship Between Strategic Planning and Entrepreneurial Business Orientation 
Abstract:
 This study examines the relationship between the strategic planning
 process and entrepreneurial business orientation in China's indigenous
 hotel companies. The findings show that there are significant positive
 correlations between entrepreneurial orientation and the key dimensions of
 strategic planning such as environment scanning, planning flexibility, and
 planning horizon length. It also shows that locus of planning is not a
 good predictor of entrepreneurial business orientation. The findings have
 practical applications for Chinese hotel managers who are attempting to
 become more entrepreneurial and will also help researchers to better
 understand the relationship between strategic planning and entrepreneurial
 behavior in Chinese hotel companies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-85 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K903R647X4Q33205 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Barringer, B.R., and
 A.C. Bluedorn. 1999. "The Relationship Between Corporate Entrepreneurship
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 421-44.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Berger, F., and D. Bronson. 1981. "Entrepreneurs in the
 Hospitality Industry: A Psychological Portrait." >i>Cornell H.R.A.
 Quarterly>/i> 22, no. 2: 52-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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 Budget Hotels in China: From Commodity to Brand." >i>Asia Pacific Journal
 of Tourism Research>/i> 19, no. 1: 29-42.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chell, E., and L. Pittaway. 1998.
 "A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Restaurant and CafÃ© Industry:
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 >i>International Journal of Hospitality Management>/i> 17:
 23-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Covin, J.G. 1991. "Entrepreneurial versus Conservative Firms: A
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 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Covin, J.G., and M.P. Miles. 1999.
 "Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage."
 >i>Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice>/i> 23: 47-63.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Covin, J.G., and
 D.P. Slevin. 1986. "The Development and Testing of an Organizational-level
 Entrepreneurship Scale." In >i>Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research>/i>,
 ed. R. Ronstadt, J.A. Hornaday, R. Peterson, and K.H. Vesper. Wellesley,
 MA: Babson College.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Das, T.K. 1987. "Strategic Planning and Individual
 Temporal Orientation." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 8, no. 2:
 203-9.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Dess, G.G., R.D. Ireland, S.A. Zahra, S.W. Floyd, J.J. Janney,
 and P.J. Lane. 2003. "Emerging Issues in Corporate Entrepreneurship."
 >i>Journal of Management>/i> 29, no. 3: 351-78.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ferguson, D.H., F. Berger,
 and P. Francese. 1987. "Intrapreneuring in Hospitality Organizations."
 >i>International Journal of Hospitality Management>/i> 6, no. 1:
 23-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Glamholtz, E.G., and Y. Randie. 1999. "How to Make
 Entrepreneurship Work in Established Companies." In >i>Generating
 Creativity and Innovation in Large Bureaucracies>/i>, ed. R.L. Kuhn.
 Westport, CT: Quorum.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Goold, M., and J. Quinn. 1990.
 >i>Strategic Controls.>/i> Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hambrick, D.C.
 1981. "Specialization of Environmental Scanning Activities Among
 Upper-Level Executives." >i>Journal of Management Studies>/i> 18:
 299-320.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Hitt, M.A., and R.D. Ireland. 2000. "The Intersection of
 Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management Research." In
 >i>Entrepreneurship As Strategy: Competing on the Entrepreneurial
 Edge>/i>, ed. G.D. Meyer and K.A. Heppard. Thousand Oaks, CA:
 Sage.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Hitt, M.A., R.E. Hoskisson, and R.D. Ireland. 1990. "Mergers and
 Acquisitions and Managerial Commitment to Innovation in M-form Firms."
 >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 11 (summer special issue):
 29-47.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Jogaratnam, G. 2002. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and
 Environmental Hostility: An Assessment of Small, Independent Restaurant
 Businesses." >i>Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research>/i> 26, no. 3:
 258-77.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Jogaratnam, G., E. Tse, and M.D. Olsen. 1999. "An Empirical
 Analysis of Entrepreneur-ship and Performance in the Restaurant Industry."
 >i>Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research>/i> 23, no. 4:
 339-53.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kukalis, S. 1989. "The Relationship Among Firm Characteristics
 and Design of Strategic Planning Systems in Large Organizations."
 >i>Journal of Management>/i> 15: 565-79.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>19</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Miles, R.E., and C.C. Snow. 1978.
 >i>Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process.>/i> New York:
 McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>20</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Miller, D., and P.H. Friesen. 1982. "Innovation in Conservative
 and Entrepreneurial Firms: Two Models of Strategic Momentum." >i>Strategic
 Management Journal>/i> 3: 1-25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mintzberg, H. 1994. >i>The Rise and Fall
 of Strategic Planning.>/i> New York: Free Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Morris, M.H., and D.F.
 Kuratko. 2002. >i>Corporate Entrepreneurial Development Within
 Organizations.>/i> Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Morrison,
 A., M. Rimmington, and C. Williams. 1999. >i>Entrepreneurship in the
 Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure Industries.>/i> Oxford, UK:
 Butterworth-Heinemann.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Newman, W.H. 1963. >i>Administrative
 Action: The Techniques of Organization and Management.>/i> 2d ed.
 Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>25</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Olsen, M., J. West, and E. Tse. 2000.
 >i>Strategic Management in the Hospitality Industry.>/i> 2d ed. New York:
 John Wiley.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Pine, R., and P. Qi. 2004. "Barriers to Hotel Chain Development
 in China." >i>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
 Management>/i> 16, no. 1: 37-44.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Rhyne, L.C. 1985. "The Relationship of
 Information Usage Characteristics to Planning System Sophistication: An
 Empirical Examination." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 6, no. 4:
 319-37.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>28</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Schendel, D.E., and C. Hofer. 1979. >i>Strategic Management: A
 New Way of Business Policy and Planning.>/i> Boston: Little,
 Brown.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Small, N.R. 1987. "An Analysis of Restaurant Entrepreneur Types
 and the Restaurants They Operate." >i>Annual CURIE Conference
 Proceedings>/i> 21-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Smith, N.R. 1967. >i>The Entrepreneur and
 His Firm: The Relationship Between Type of Man and Type of Company.>/i>
 East Lansing: Michigan State University, Bureau of Business and Economic
 Research.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Tse, E. 1988. "The Role of Entrepreneurship in the Mature Stage
 of the Life Cycle in the Hospitality Industry." Proceedings of an
 International Conference on Entrepreneurship in the Hospitality Industry,
 Edinburgh, Scotland, June 28-July 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>32</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Williams, C.E., and E. Tse. 1995. "The
 Relationship Between Strategy and Entrepreneur-ship: The U.S. Restaurant
 Sector." >i>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
 Management>/i> 7, no. 1: 22-26.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yu, L. 1999. >i>The International
 Hospitality Business: Management and Operation.>/i> Engle-wood Cliffs, NJ:
 Prentice-Hall.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:70-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Ka-Yiu Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael Ka-Yiu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Japhet Sebastian Law 
Author-X-Name-First: Japhet Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Law 
Author-Name: Louise Wing-Kam Ng 
Author-X-Name-First: Louise Wing-Kam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng 
Title: Economic Contribution to Hong Kong of the Aviation Sector: A Value-Added Approach 
Abstract:
 The emergence of air transport has greatly facilitated long-distance
 travel and the exchange of goods. The industry also contributes
 substantially to the economy. Our study measures the benefits that the
 aviation industry has brought to the Hong Kong economy using the
 value-added (VA) approach. We find that air transport itself and services
 that are incidental to the sector (direct benefits) contributed about 2.54
 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) at factor cost (at current prices)
 in 2003, while trade services and the tourism industry (indirect benefits)
 contributed 4.48 percent. Hence, the total benefit brought by the aviation
 industry was 7.02 percent of GDP at factor cost (at current prices) in
 2003. This demonstrates that the industry is a major component of the Hong
 Kong economy, and our findings should aid in understanding the effects of
 recent changes in aviation policies, which have altered the business
 environment of the aviation market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-38 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T742257242636814 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Airport Authority Hong
 Kong. 1998-2005. >i>Annual Report: Airport Authority Hong Kong
 1997/98-2004/05.>/i> Hong Kong: Airport Authority Hong Kong.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Benell, D. W.,
 and B. E. Prentice. 1993. "A Regression Model for Predicting the Economic
 Impacts of Canadian Airports." >i>Logistics and Transportation Review
 29>/i>, no. 2 (June): 139-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cathay Pacific Airways Limited. 2003-2004.
 >i>Annual Report 2003-2004.>/i> Hong Kong: Cathay Pacific Airways
 Limited.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Census and Statistics Department, Trade Analysis Section. 2002.
 >i>Annual Review of Hong Kong External Trade 2001.>/i> Hong Kong: Trade
 Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Census and Statistics
 Department, Trade Analysis Section. 2003-2005. >i>Annual Review of Hong
 Kong External Merchandise Trade 2002-2004.>/i> Hong Kong: Trade Analysis
 Section, Census and Statistics Department.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Census and Statistics
 Department. 2003. >i>Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, December
 2003.>/i> Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Census and
 Statistics Department. 2004a. >i>Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics,
 March 2004.>/i> Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Census and
 Statistics Department. 2004b. >i>Report on 2002 Annual Survey of Transport
 and Related Services.>/i> Hong Kong: Census and Statistics
 Department.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Census and Statistics Department. 2005a. >i>Hong Kong Monthly
 Digest of Statistics, June 2005.>/i> Hong Kong: Census and Statistics
 Department.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Census and Statistics Department. 2005b. >i>Report on 2003
 Annual Survey of Transport and Related Services.>/i> Hong Kong: Census and
 Statistics Department.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Desalvo, J.S. 2002. "Note: Direct Impact
 of an Airport on Travelers' Expenditures: Methodology and Application."
 >i>Growth and Change 33, no.>/i> 4 (Fall): 485-96.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feenstra, R.C., and G.H.
 Hanson. 2004. "Intermediaries in Entrepot Trade: Hong Kong Re-exports of
 Chinese Goods." >i>Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 13,
 no.>/i> 1 (Spring): 3-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hong Kong Tourist Association Research
 Department. 2005. >i>A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2004.>/i>
 Hong Kong: Hong Kong Tourist Association Research Department.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Ishikura, T.,
 K. Tansei, and Y. Sugimura. 2003. "An Air Transport Demand Model for
 Assessing Interaction with Industrial Structure: A Computable General
 Equilibrium Approach." >i>Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for
 Transportation Studies>/i> 5 (October): 437-52.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Law, C.K., and R. Yeung.
 2000. "The Reality of Open Skies and Its Relevance for Hong Kong." Hong
 Kong Development Council press release, April 5, available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/hkpri/hkpri000401.htm'>www.tdctrad
 e.com/econforum/hkpri/hkpri000401.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>16</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Raguraman, K. 1997. "Estimating
 the Net Economic Impact of Air Services." >i>Annals of Tourism Research
 24, no.>/i> 3: 658-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Raguraman, K. 1998. "Troubled Passage to
 India." >i>Tourism Management 19>/i>, no. 6: 533-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>18</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> York Aviation. 2004.
 "The Social and Economic Impact of Airports in Europe, January 2004."
 Study for ACI (Europe), available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.yorkaviation.co.uk/york_aviation_reports.htm'>www.yorkavi
 ation.co.uk/york_aviation_reports.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:19-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen C.Y. Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen C.Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Michael C.S. Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael C.S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Author-Name: Sherriff T.K. Luk 
Author-X-Name-First: Sherriff T.K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luk 
Title: The Importance and Performance of Key Success Factors of International Joint Venture Hotels in China 
Abstract:
 Many hoteliers in the West are seeking opportunities to extend their
 business in the mainland China market. This study attempts to understand
 the basic motivations in forming joint venture hotels in China. Based on
 extensive interviews with expatriate and local managers of over 151 joint
 venture hotels, the study finds the following perceived important criteria
 when Chinese partners look for foreign partners: they should be good at
 strategic and marketing planning, be willing to participate in information
 exchange with the local partner, have a strong financial background, and
 have good experience in market research activities. It is clear that the
 competence of western marketing management skills is critical for the
 successful operation of joint venture hotels in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-94 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 39 
Year: 2006 
Month: 12 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U15M27327440J8V5 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Albrecht, T., and H.
 Bradford. 1991. "Relational and Content Differences between Elites and
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   <BIBTEXT> Anderson, E. 1990. "Two Firms, One Frontier: On Assessing
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 Venture Work." >i>Harvard Business Review>/i> (May-June):
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 <BIBTEXT> Kogut, B. 1988. "Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical
 Perspectives." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 9, no. 4:
 319-32.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>26</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Li, J., K. Xin, A. Tsui, and D. Hambrick. 1999. "Building
 Effective International Joint Venture Leadership Teams in China."
 >i>Journal of World Business>/i> 34, no. 1: 52-68.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
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 Partner Acquisition of Managerial Knowledge in International Joint
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 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lowes, B., C. Pass, and S.
 Sanderson. 1994. >i>Companies and Markets: Understanding Business Strategy
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 <BIBTEXT> Merchant, H. 2005. "Efficient Resources, Industry Membership,
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 Theory.>/i> 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>37</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> O'Connor, N., and P. Chalos. 1999.
 "The Challenge for Successful Joint Venture Management in China: Lessons
 from a Failed Joint Venture." >i>Multinational Business Review>/i> 7, no.
 1: 50-61.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>38</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Rochart, J.F. 1979. "Chief Executives Define Their Own Data
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 and R.A. Keller. 1994. "Building a Learning Organization at Coopers and
 Lybrand." >i>Planning Review>/i> 22, no. 5: 28-30.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
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 1999. "Knowledge Search in International Cooperative Ventures."
 >i>Organization Science>/i> 10, no. 2: 134-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>41</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Si, S., and G. Bruton. 1999.
 "Knowledge Transfer in International Joint Ventures in Transitional
 Economies: The China Experience." >i>Academy of Management Executive>/i>
 13, no. 1:83-90.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>42</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Tsang, E. 1999. "Internationalization as a Learning
 Process: Singapore MNCs in China." >i>Academy of Management Executive>/i>
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	<BIBTEXT> Van der Meer, J., and R. Calori. 1989. "Strategic
 Management in Technology-Intensive Industries." >i>International Journal
 of Technology Management>/i> 4, no. 2: 127-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
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 the Chinese Market." >i>Journal of International Marketing and Marketing
 Research>/i> 22, no. 3: 139-46.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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 and L. Hebert. 1999. "Are Joint Ventures Losing Their Appeal in China?"
 >i>SAM Advanced Management Journal>/i> 64, no. 1: 4-12.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>46</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yang, J. 1998.
 "Key Success Factors of Multinational Firms in China." >i>Thunderbird
 International Business Review>/i> 40, no. 6: 633-68.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
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 and Q. Zhang. 1998. "Managing Business Risks in China." >i>Long-Range
 Planning>/i> 31, no. 4: 606-14.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:39:y:2006:i:6:p:83-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu  Shijin 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Shijin 
Title: New Industrialization in Proper Perspective 
Abstract:
 In order to follow the path of "new industrialization," one should look at
 it in proper perspective. Compared with traditional industrialization,
 "new industrialization" has some important characteristics. For example,
 new and high technology influences, integrates, and transforms traditional
 industries; industrial structure and resource allocation are increasingly
 internationalized; great transformations have taken place in developmental
 concepts and strategies; the completion time of similar industrialization
 stage is shortened. Around the controversial issues of accelerating growth
 and increasing the proportion of heavy industry, in-depth discussions have
 been held on what "new industrialization" is not. The purpose of the
 discussions is to clarify confusion and misunderstanding on the subject of
 "new industrialization."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0G641J6N277X07N2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chenery, H.B., S.
 Robinson, and M. Syrquin. 1989. >i>Industrialization and Growth: A
 Comparative Study>/i> Shanghai: Sanlian Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Dorn, James A. 2000. >i>The
 Revolution in Development Economics>/i>. Shanghai: Sanlian Press and
 People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ke Wugang and Shi Manfei. 2000.
 >i>Institutional Economics>/i>. Beijing: Commercial Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kuznets, Simon.
 1985. >i>Economic Growth of Nations>/i>. Beijing: Commercial
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Liu Shijin. 2000. >i>Thoughts on Industrial Development in the
 Tenth Five-Year Plan>/i>. Beijing: China Economic Publishing
 House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Porter, Michael. 2002. >i>Competitiveness of States and
 Regions>/i>. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Porter, Michael. 2003.
 >i>Competitive Strategy>/i>. Beijing: CITIC Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Wang Mengkui,
 Xie Fuzhan, and Liu Shijin. 2003. >i>Thirty Topics on Tackling Challenges
 in Reform: Explorations on How to Improve the Socialist Market
 Economy>/i>. Beijing: China Development Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:1:p:31-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li  Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Li  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Yin  Jianfeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianfeng 
Title: High Savings and High Investment During the Labor Transfer Process and Economic Growth in China 
Abstract:
 The transitional economy in China has its own unique growth mode. Typical
 characteristics are sustainable high savings and high investment rates.
 This article explains the foundation of such a growth mode from the
 perspective of labor transfer. We believe that the continuous transfer of
 surplus labor from agriculture to industry (industrialization), from rural
 areas to urban areas (urbanization), and from state ownership to nonstate
 ownership (marketization) is the key to the longterm and high-speed growth
 of China's economy. Not only are high savings and high investment rates
 the natural outcome of this growth mode, but also they are the key to its
 sustainability and the continuous transfer of labor. In order to prevent
 the inefficient financial sector from blocking labor transfer under the
 conditions of an open economy, the introduction of international direct
 investment in a purely financial sense has become a necessity. In the
 meantime, the Chinese financial sector will also see a gradually expanding
 foreign exchange reserve. Another important conclusion in this article is
 that growth and the fluctuation of the Chinese economy are mutually
 consistent. Although the mechanism differs from the real economic cycle
 theory, "neutralism" should still be the basic starting point of
 macroeconomic policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-91 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=94674706614403RN 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bloom, David E., and
 Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1998. "Demographic Transitions and Economic
 Miracles in Emerging Asia." >i>World Bank Economic Review>/i> 12:
 419-55.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Bloom, David E., David Canning, and Jaypee Sevilla. 2001.
 "Economic Growth and the Demographic Transition." NBER Working Paper
 W8685, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cai Fang. 2004.
 "Population Change, Demographic Bonus, and Growth Sustainability."
 >i>Finance Forum>/i> 21 (published by Institute of Finance and Banking,
 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, February 21).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Cai Fang and Wang Dewen.
 1999. "Economic Growth in China: Labor Force, Human Capital, and
 Employment Structure." >i>Sustainability and Institutional Changes of
 Economic Growth in China.>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Institute of Finance and Banking, Chinese
 Academy of Social Sciences. 2004. >i>Blue Book of China's Finance: China's
 Financial Development Report>/i>. Beijing: Social Science Literature
 Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Li Yang. 1998. "Capital Flow During the Opening-Up Process
 of China's Economy." >i>Economic Research>/i> 2.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Li Yang. 1999a. >i>Research
 on Financial Reform in China>/i>. Nanjing: Jiangsu People's Publishing
 House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Li Yang. 1999b. >i>Research on Financial Globalization>/i>.
 Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishers.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Li Yang. 2002. "What Kind of
 Financial System Does China Need?" >i>Twentyfirst Century Review>/i>,
 August 26.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Li Yang and Yin Jianfeng. 2000. "Stability of Open Economy and
 Order of Economic Freedom." >i>Economic Research>/i> 11.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li Yang and Yin
 Jianfeng. 2004a. "Straightening Out the Interest Rate System and
 Perfecting the Interest-Forming Mechanism." >i>China Securities
 Journal>/i>, June 30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yin Jianfeng. 2004b. "Financial Structure
 and Economic Growth in an Asymmetric Information Environment." >i>World
 Economy>/i> 2</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Yin Jianfeng. 2004c. "Adverse Selection, Credit Allocation,
 and Economic Growth." >i>Chinese Social Sciences Review>/i> 2.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>14</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Young, Alwyn.
 1994. "The Tyranny of Numbers: Confronting the Statistical Realities of
 the East Asian Growth Experience." NBER Working Paper No. 4680 (March),
 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang Jun. 2002. "Capital
 Formation, Industrialization, and Economic Growth: Characteristics of
 China's Transformation." >i>Economic Research>/i> 6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zheng Yuyun. 1996.
 "Measure of Total Factor Productivity and âPhasic Rulesâ of Economic
 Growth." >i>Economic Research>/i> 5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:1:p:61-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu  Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Author-Name: Huang  Qunhui 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Qunhui 
Author-Name: Lu  Tie 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Tie 
Author-Name: Zhou  Weifu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou  
Author-X-Name-Last: Weifu 
Title: The Process and Problems of Industrialization and Urbanization in China: The Status of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and Recommendations for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 
Abstract:
 The developmental trends of China's industrialization and urbanization
 were good during the period of the tenth five-year plan. During the ninth
 five-year plan China's industrialization process evolved from the first
 phase to the second phase of middle-stage industrialization. Compared with
 industrialization, China's urbanization has developed more rapidly. In the
 future, China's industrialization and urbanization will face many
 problems, including lack of capability to self-innovate in industrial
 technologies, significant limitations in natural resources, heavy pressure
 from employment and population migration to nonagricultural sectors, an
 imbalance in development among regions, an imbalance in quality and
 quantity of urbanization development, lack of coordination of urbanization
 and industrialization, significant numbers of employees of village and
 township enterprises "waiting for urbanization," and farmers migrating to
 cities for employment. These are profound problems requiring resolution.
 Continuously promoting China's industrialization and urbanization will
 become more costly and difficult. During the period of the eleventh
 five-year plan, China will undertake important projects, such as promoting
 China's capacity for self-innovation, optimizing the industrial structure,
 transforming the means of economic growth, coordinating development among
 regions, cities, and rural areas, increasing migrant-worker income,
 promoting urban-management levels, and developing tertiary industries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G0M66576Q8055352 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen Jiagui and Huang
 Qunhui. 2005. "Industrial Development, National Situation Change, and
 Economic Modernization Strategy." >i>China Social Science>/i> 4.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Chen Jiagui,
 Huang Qunhui, Wang Yanzhong, and Liu Gang. 2004. >i>A Study of the Issues
 on China's Industrial Modernization>/i>. Beijing: China Social Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chen Yongjun and Chen Aimin. 2003. >i>China's Urbanization: A
 Positive Analysis and Strategy Study>/i>. Xiamen: Xiamen University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chenery, Hollis B., and Moshe Syrquin. 1989. >i>Patterns of
 Development>/i>, Chinese translation. Beijing: China Financial and
 Economic Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Guo Kesha. 2002. "Economic Analysis of the Relation Between
 Industrialization and Urbanization." >i>China Social Science>/i>
 2.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>
 Jian Xiaojuan. 2005. "Optimizing and Upgrading the Industrial Structure:
 New Phase and Tasks." >i>Financial and Trade Economics>/i> 4.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Jing Puqiu and
 Chen Yongjun. 2002. "A Study of the Mechanism of Rural Labor Transfer in
 the Process of China's Industrialization and Urbanization." >i>Southeast
 Academia>/i> 4.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Li Jiangfan. 2005. "Industrial Structure Upgrade and
 Modernization of Tertiary Industry." >i>Journal of Zhongshan
 University>/i> 4.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Liu Shijin. 2003. "The Mechanism, Features, and Policy
 Direction of a New Round of Economic Growth." >i>Management World>/i>
 9.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Liu Zhibiao. 2005. "The Theory and Policy Direction on
 Adjustment and Upgrade of Industrial Structure of Our Country." >i>China
 Economic Issues>/i> 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu Zheng, Guo Kesha, and Zhang Qizi.
 2003. "On the Experience and Lessons of Traditional Industrialization Path
 of Our Country." >i>China Industrial Economy>/i> 3.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Study Group for
 Exploration of Economic Growth. 2003. "Economic Growth, Accumulation
 Effect of Structural Adjustment, and Capital Formation: An Analysis of the
 Status of Current Economic Growth." >i>Economic Studies>/i> 8.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>13</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Study Group
 for Sustainable Development Strategy of Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2005.
 >i>China's Sustainable Development Report 2005>/i>. Beijing: Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Xu Kangning and Wang Jian. 2005. "China's Industrialization
 Process: International Comparison and Strategic Direction of Integrated
 Development Strategy." >i>Journal of Jianghai>/i> 3.</BIBTEXT>      </REF> 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:1:p:6-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yin  Zhongli 
Author-X-Name-First: Yin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhongli 
Title: Increase of Capital Assets: A Major Challenge for the Banking Industry in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G2123T871571K720 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ma Weihua. 2004.
 "Capital Restriction, Capital Predicament, and the Strategic Choices of
 China's Commercial Banks." >i>Contemporary Bankers>/i> 6.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yi Zhongli.
 2004a. "Circulation of State Shares and Perfection of Corporate Governance
 Structure." >i>Finance and Economic Times>/i>, May 15.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yi Zhongli.
 2004b. "Heavy Responsibilities of Bank Governance and Reform." >i>China
 Economic Weekly>/i> 19.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yi Zhongli. 2004c. "Two Defects in the
 Governance of Listed Companies." >i>Shanghai Securities News>/i>, August
 7.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:1:p:44-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 2 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q4R5260805842G41 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:1:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanying  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yanying  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Gaiyan  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gaiyan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: The Prospects for China's Free Trade Agreements 
Abstract:
 This article discusses China's initiatives and strategies concerning free
 trade agreements (FTAs). The recent proliferation of regional FTAs,
 lackluster momentum in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization, and
 significant economic growth have pushed China to become much involved with
 bilateral trade liberalization. China has made considerable progress since
 2000 in advancing framework agreements with a number of economies and
 regions. It has completed four bilateral FTAsâThailand in 2003, Hong
 Kong and Macao in 2004, and Chile in 2005âand is initiating another
 nineteen bilateral and regional FTAs, including those with ASEAN, New
 Zealand, Australia, Brazil, and the Gulf Cooperation Council. FTAs have
 multifaceted impacts for China in terms of trade increases, gross domestic
 product and welfare improvement, and strategic interests.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-35 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=71461375844687N7 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:5-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C64111G671468605 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-Chung  Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-Chung  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Author-Name: Michael  Ng 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael  
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng 
Title: A Step Forward to Regionalism: China's Preferential Trade Agreements with Hong Kong 
Abstract:
 Since 2003, China has signed a series of agreements with Hong Kong in
 preferential treatments in trade. At the same time, China also allowed
 mainland residents to visit Hong Kong on an individual basis. As Hong Kong
 is already a free port, the preferential treatments are perceived to be
 more beneficial to Hong Kong than to China. From the perspective of
 China's overall strategy in trade liberalization, preferential trade with
 Hong Kong is consistent with the strategy of a regional approach, which is
 a supplement to the global approach with the World Trade Organization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-69 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DW73452788724814 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Adhikari, Ramesh, and
 Yongzheng Yang. 2002. "What Will WTO Membership Mean for China and Its
 Trading Partners?" >i>Finance and Development>/i> 39, no. 3
 (September).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Ethier, Wilfred J. 2000. "The New Regionalism." >i>Economic
 Journal>/i> 108 (July): 1149-61.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hong Kong Trade Development Council. 2005.
 "CEPA III: Opportunities for Hong Kong," >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.tdctrade.com/econforum/tdc/tdc051101.htm'>www.tdctrade.co
 m/econforum/tdc/tdc051101.htm.>/a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Krueger, Anne O. 1999. "Free Trade
 Agreements as Protectionist Devices: Rule of Origin." In >i>Regionalism
 Versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements>/i>, ed. Taketoshi Ito and Anne O.
 Krueger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Lo, Wai-Chung. 2002. "A
 Retrospect on China's Banking Reform." In >i>Financial Markets and Foreign
 Direct Investment in Greater China>/i>, ed. Hung-Gay Fung and Kevin H.
 Zhang. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Munakata, Naoko. 2004. "Regionalization
 and Regionalism: The Process of Mutual Interaction." RIETI Discussion
 Paper Series 04-E-006.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Panagariya, A. 2000. "Preferential Trade
 Liberalization: The Traditional Theory and New Development." >i>Journal of
 Economic Literature>/i> 35: 287-331.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Takeuchi, T. 2006. "Integration Under
 âOne Country, Two Systemsâ: The Case of Mainland China and Hong Kong."
 Institute of Developing Economies, Japan. Discussion Papers, no.
 70.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Viner, Jacob. 1950. >i>The Custom Union.>/i> New York: Carnegie
 Endowment for International Peace.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:51-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tianshu  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Tianshu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on Trade: The Case of China 
Abstract:
 This article studies the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on
 China's exports and imports with others in seven RTAs. Gross domestic
 product (GDP), population, distance, land area, and exchangerate variables
 are studied as determinants in the gravity model, with the introduction of
 additional RTA variables to capture intraregional trade, extraregional
 trade, and outside-region trade. Distance and land area are estimated by
 using constant numbers, and adjusted by GDP share or import price index.
 The results show that the formation and implementation of regional trade
 agreements have positively or negatively affected China's trade with other
 trading partners when they are or are not a member of an RTA.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-96 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LM68J21076208363 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aitken, N.D. 1973. "The
 Effect of the EEC and EFTA on European Trade: A Temporal Cross-section
 Analysis." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 63: 881-92.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bayoumi, T., and
 B. Eichengreen. 1997. "Is Regionalism Simply a Diversion? Evidence from
 the Evolution of the EC and EFTA." In >i>Regionalism Versus Multilateral
 Trade Arrangements>/i>, ed. T. Ito and A.O. Krueger, 141-67. Chicago:
 University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Braga, P., R. Sadafi, and A. Yeats. 1994.
 "Regional Integration in the Americas: DÃ©jÃ  Vu All Over Again?" >i>World
 Economy>/i> 17, no. 4: 577-601.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> >i>China Daily.>/i> 2003. "China-ASEAN
 Free Trade Area Gathers Momentum."</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Clarete, R., C. Edmonds, and J.S. Wallack.
 2003. "Asian Regionalism and Its Effects on Trade in the 1980s and 1990s."
 >i>Journal of Asian Economics>/i> 14, no. 1: 91-129.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Deardorff, A.V. 1998.
 "Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical
 World?" In >i>The Regionalization of the World Economy>/i>, ed. J.A.
 Frankel, 7-28. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Fitzpatrick, G.L., and
 M.J. Modlin. 1986. >i>Direct-Line Distances>/i> (international edition).
 Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Frankel, J.A. 1997. >i>Regional Trading
 Blocs in the World Economic System.>/i> Washington, DC: Institute for
 International Economics.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund. 2006.
 >i>Direction of Trade Statistics.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Linnemann, H.
 1966. >i>An Econometric Study of International Trade Flows.>/i> Amsterdam:
 North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Liu, T. 2004. "Implication of Trade Creation and Trade
 Diversion Effect on Trade Between RTAs and China and Australia." Sixteenth
 annual conference of the Association for Chinese Economics Studies,
 Brisbane, Australia.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Royal Geographical Society. 1994.
 >i>Philip's World Atlas and Gazetteer.>/i> London: George
 Philip.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Soloaga, I., and L.A. Winters. 2001. "Regionalism in the
 Nineties: What Effect on Trade?" >i>North American Journal of Economics
 and Finance>/i> 12, no. 1: 1-29.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tinbergen, J. 1962. >i>Shaping the World
 Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy.>/i> New York:
 Twentieth-Century Fund.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2005. >i>National
 Accounts Main Aggregates Database.>/i> New York: Economic Statistics
 Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Trade Organization.
 2006. "Regional Trade Agreements," available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.wto.org'>www.wto.org.>/a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:70-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Jian  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jian  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: An Assessment of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Between China and Hong Kong 
Abstract:
 In 2004, China and Hong Kong established a free trade agreement (FTA)
 called the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, intended to phase out
 all trade barriers to trade and investment between them. This research
 uses a computational general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of
 the FTA on the Hong Kong and Chinese economies. The results indicate that
 Hong Kong improves its exports to China and gains in welfare at China's
 expense.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-50 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q66T88847WT7L62M 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Argy, V., W. McKibbin,
 and E. Siegloff. 1989. "Exchange Rate Regimes for a Small Economy in a
 Multi-Country World." >i>Princeton Studies in International Economics>/i>
 67.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Armington, P.S. 1969. "A Theory of Demand for Products
 Distinguished by Place of Production." >i>IMF Staff Papers>/i> 16:
 159-78.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Bosello, F., and J. Zhang. 2005. "Assessing Climate Change
 Impacts: Agriculture." FEEM" [Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei] Working Paper
 94.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> DeRosa, D., and J.P. Gilbert. 2005. "Predicting Trade Expansion
 under FTAs and Multilateral Agreements." Working paper WP05-13, Institute
 for International Economics (October).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Devarajan, S., J.D. Lewis, and S.
 Robinson. 1990. "Policy Lessons from Trade-Focused, Two-Sector Models."
 >i>Journal of Policy Modeling>/i> 12, no. 4: 635-57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dimaranan, B.V., and R.
 McDougall, eds. 2006. >i>Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The
 GTAP 6 Data Base.>/i> West Lafayette, IN: Center for Global Trade
 Analysis, Purdue University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Doroodian, K., R.G. Boyd, and M. Piracha.
 1994. "A CGE Analysis of the Impact of Trade Liberalization Between the
 United States and Mexico." >i>Atlantic Economic Journal>/i> 22, no. 4:
 43-54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Gan, J. 2004. "Effects of China's WTO Accession on Global Forest
 Product Trade." >i>Journal of Forest Policy and Economics>/i> 6, no. 6:
 509-19.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hanslow, K., T. Phamduc, and G. Verikios. 2002. >i>The Structure
 of the FTAP Model.>/i> Research Memorandum, Cat no. MC 58. Productivity
 Commission, Canberra, Australia.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hertel, T.W., ed. 1997. >i>Global Trade
 Analysis: Modeling and Applications.>/i> New York: Cambridge University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hertel, T., D. Hummels, M. Ivanic, and R. Keeney. 2004. "How
 Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements?"
 GTAP working paper 26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hufbauer, G.L., and Y. Wong. 2005.
 "Prospects for Regional Free Trade in Asia." Working paper WP05-12,
 Institute for International Economics (October).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ianchovichian, E. 2004.
 "Trade Policy Analysis in the Presence of Duty Drawbacks." >i>Journal of
 Policy Modeling>/i> 26: 353-71.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ianchovichian, E., and T. Walmsley. 2003.
 "Impact of China's WTO Accession on East Asia." Working paper, World
 Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Inama, S. 2005. "The Association of South East Asian
 Nations-People's Republic of China Free Trade Area: Negotiating Beyond
 Eternity with Little Trade Liberalization?" >i>Journal of World Trade>/i>
 39, no. 3: 559-79.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Lloyd, P.J., and D. MacLaren. 2004. "Gains and Losses
 from Regional Trading Agreements: A Survey." >i>Economic Record>/i> 80,
 no. 251: 445-67.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Wang, Z. 2003. "WTO Accession, the âGreater Chinaâ
 Free-Trade Area, and Economic Integration Across the Taiwan Strait."
 >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14, no. 3: 316-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wattanapruttipaisan, T.
 2003. "ASEAN-China Free Trade Area: Advantages, Challenges, and
 Implications for the Newer ASEAN Member Countries." >i>ASEAN Economic
 Bulletin>/i> 20, no. 1: 31-48.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, J., H.G. Fung, and D. Kummer.
 2006. "Can Renminbi Appreciation Reduce the U.S. Trade Deficit?" >i>China
 and World Economy>/i> 14, no. 1: 44-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:36-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-11 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 6 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=20914M774555N804 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:3-11




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu  Kaiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiming 
Title: Chapter 1. The Hierarchical Mode of Shenzhen's Population and Labor Structure 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-46 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 6 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A2Q78V315702J095 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:24-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu  Kaiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiming 
Title: Chapter 2. "The Shenzhen Miracle": The Relationship Between the Migrant Labor Force and Shenzhen's Economic Development 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-75 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 6 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J2586L6814U8W8VH 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:47-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu  Kaiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiming 
Title: Introduction: Eye on Migrant Workers 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 12-23 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 6 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R80QM38678251063 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:12-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu  Kaiming 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiming 
Title: Chapter 3. The Ebb and Flow of Migration: Sources and Changing Patterns of Migrant Workers 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-92 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 6 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=T773K951T4733535 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:76-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ru  Xiaoding 
Author-X-Name-First: Ru  
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoding 
Title: The Characteristics and Trend of China's Processing Trade Development in Recent Years 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-78 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0518K8681X788604 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:70-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zheng  Bingwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zheng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Bingwen 
Title: The Origin of China's Partially Funded Social Security Scheme and Its Future Direction 
Abstract:
 This article discusses the evolution of the social security system in
 China since the opening-up policy of 1978 and reviews the framework of the
 partially funded scheme or what is known as the system of combining a
 social pool with individual accounts. It argues that, although the
 partially funded scheme during the past ten years has been improved,
 taking both sustainability and redistribution into account, it still faces
 some dangers that might devolve into defined benefit (DB) pay-as-you-go
 (PAYGO) because of the lack of transition costs. Some lessons are also
 drawn in that the partially funded scheme has not been well designed, both
 in its transition schedule and in many of its subsystems, such as the
 limited scale of individual accounts. This means that it is a loser as a
 policy choice but a winner as a strategic arrangement, which may cause
 moral hazard and adverse selection in many respects, such as contribution
 collection and early retirement. Finally, the "888 solution" is offered as
 a proposal with partial notional defined contribution (NDC) design.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=86675LMX1466XN3J 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Hu Xiaoyi. 2004. "On
 Gradually Enlarging the Planning Scope of the Pension System." >i>Journal
 of China Social Security>/i> 1.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jiang Chunze and Li Nanxiong. 1999.
 "Contradiction Analysis and Policy Study After Achieving the Provincially
 Planned Pension System of China." Chinese Economic Research Center Working
 Paper No. C1999001, Peking University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Labor and Social Security
 (MOLSS) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2005. >i>Statistical
 Bulletin on the Development of Labor and Social Security in China
 2005.>/i></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Siegel, Jeremy. 1998. >i>Stocks for the Long Run>/i>, 2d ed. New
 York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Social Security Advisory Board. 2002. >i>Estimating the
 Real Rate of Return on Stocks over the Long Term.>/i> Washington,
 DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Wang Shenyi and Zhang Xiaolong. 2004. "Practice and Thoughts on
 Funding Up IAs." >i>Journal of China Social Security>/i> 2:
 20-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1996. >i>Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to
 Protect the Old and Promote Growth.>/i> Beijing: China Financial and
 Economic Publishing House (Chinese version).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2006.
 "Assessment of the Social Security Pilot in Jilin and Heilongjiang of
 China." >i>China and World Economy>/i> 14, no. 5: 65-77.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen.
 2004a. "Experiences and Lessons from the Investment Strategy of CPF."
 >i>Journal of Liaoning University>/i> 32, no. 1: 107-21.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen.
 2004b. "On Building the Investment Management System of the Social
 Security Fund." >i>China Securities Journal>/i> (March 23 and
 25).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2003a. "Choices and Prospects for the European
 Public Pension System: Practicability of NDC to European Countries."
 >i>Journal of European Studies>/i> 2.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2003b. "The Debates on
 Social Security Privatization in the USA." >i>International Economic
 Review>/i> 1-2: 31-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2003c. "The Reform of the
 U.S. Social Security: Making a Leap to the Stock Market." >i>Reform>/i> 2:
 118-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2003d. "The Evolution of the NDC Approach in the
 Social Security History of Thoughts and Private Plans." >i>Economic
 Research Journal>/i> 418, no. 4: 63-73.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen. 2003e. "The Reform of
 American Social Security: Turning to the Stock Market." >i>Reform>/i> 2:
 118-27.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zheng Bingwen, ed. 2004. >i>Key Battle of the Chinese Social
 Security System.>/i> Chinese Hydraulic Power Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:6-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li  Jing 
Author-X-Name-First: Li  
Author-X-Name-Last: Jing 
Title: The Rise of the Renminbi in Asia: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Road Map 
Abstract:
 With the rise of China following its enhanced economic and trade
 relationship with the Asian economies and China's increasing importance in
 the world economy, the Chinese renminbi is becoming accepted in Asia and
 maybe by the whole world as a global currency. The rise of the renminbi is
 a double-edged sword: in order to eliminate the financial risks brought
 about by this process and maximize benefits, it is necessary for China to
 trade off between its costs and benefits. Internationalization of the
 renminbi requires a dynamic approach, involving a phased strategy for
 implementation, as well as corresponding policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-43 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F27L870H7393543N 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> He Fan and Li Jing.
 2005. "The Experience and Lessons from the Internationalization of the
 U.S. Dollar." >i>Chinese Social Sciences Studies>/i> (January) (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Li Jing. 2004. "Regionalization of the Renminbi and China's
 Capital Account Liberalization." >i>China and World Economy>/i> 12, no.
 2.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>
 Li Jing, Guan Tao, and He Fan. 2004. "The Impacts of Cross-Border Renminbi
 Circulation on the Chinese Economy." >i>Management World>/i> (September)
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM). 2006. "Top Ten Trading Partners
 (2005/01-12)," available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/statistic/ie/200603/2006030172
 2237.html'>http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/statistic/ie/200603/20060
 301722237.html.>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>5</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Tao Shigui. 2005. "The Initial Study on Incorporating
 Cross-Border Renminbi Transactions into the Balance of Payments
 Statistics." >i>International Finance Study>/i> 11 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Triffin,
 Robert. 1961. >i>Gold and Dollar Crisis.>/i> New Haven: Yale University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Vatikiotis, Michael, and Bertil Lintner. 2003. "The Renminbi
 Zone." >i>Far Eastern Economic Review>/i> (May 29).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:29-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhang  Zhinan 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhinan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G813R7157R012347 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang  Wei 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei 
Title: Diversity: The Key to Corporate Governance Reform 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-55 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P0180781H5676723 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Berle, Adolf A., and
 Gardiner C. Means. 1932. >i>The Modern Corporation and Private
 Property.>/i> New York: Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cadbury, Sir Adrian. 1992. >i>The
 Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance.>/i> London:
 Gee.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). 2001. >i>Code of
 Corporate Governance for Listed Companies in China.>/i> Beijing.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Oman,
 Charles P. 2003. >i>Corporate Governance in Development: The Experiences
 of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa.>/i> Washington, DC, and Paris:
 Center for International Private Enterprise and OECD Development
 Center.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
 2003. >i>White Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia.>/i> Paris.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wang Wei, Ma
 Jie, and Zhang Yuyan. 1998. >i>The War Without Smoke of Gunpowder:
 Transnational Corporations, Peace and Development.>/i> Wuhan: Wuhan
 Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:44-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang  Yingxin 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingxin 
Title: On the Relationship Between Overseas Direct Investment and Trade 
Abstract:
 Theoretically, there are complementarities and substitutions between
 overseas direct investment and international trade, depending on the
 motivation, types, and development periods of overseas investment of
 parent countries (or multinational corporations). We reviewed the practice
 of both developed and developing countries in this area, and analyzed
 China's overseas investment and trade exports, looking especially at the
 differences in industrial sectors. The impact of overseas investment on
 foreign trade varies among these sectors, and currently the government
 should strengthen its policies for encouraging overseas investment and
 trade creation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-69 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y34U114346J883L5 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:4:p:56-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin  Everard 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Everard 
Author-Name: Terence Tai-Leung Chong 
Author-X-Name-First: Terence Tai-Leung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong 
Title: The Revaluation and Future Adjustment of the Renminbi 
Abstract:
 This article examines China's contemporary macroeconomic controls,
 highlighting the recent currency revaluation. We suggest that the July
 2005 revaluation was inadequate in maintaining a level in line with market
 expectations, and it has had a negligible effect on exports, imports, job
 growth, investment, and gross domestic product. Justification for the
 undervaluation is provided. We examine in detail the benefits to China of
 a one-off appreciation of the renminbi by 15-25 percent, with an increased
 trading band of +/- 2 to 4 percent.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-20 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1522112P245743L9 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Frankel, J. 2004. "On
 the Renminbi: The Choice Between Adjustment Under a Fixed Exchange Rate
 and Adjustment Under a Flexible Rate." Paper presented at IMF seminar on
 China's Foreign Exchange System, Dalian, China, May 26-27.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fung, H.G., W.K.
 Leung, and J. Zhu. 2004. "Nondeliverable Forward Market for Chinese RMB: A
 First Look." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 15: 348-52.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Goldstein, M.
 2004. "Adjusting China's Exchange Rate Policies." Paper presented at IMF
 seminar on China's Foreign Exchange System, Dalian, China, May
 26-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Lau, L.J. 2005. "The Economic Development of China and the
 Future of Hong Kong." Paper presented at the Chinese University of Hong
 Kong, October 29. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/vc/doc/Presentations/051029.pdf'>www.cuhk.edu
 .hk/vc/doc/Presentations/051029.pdf.>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:6-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eva  Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Eva  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: The Effect of Foreign Strategic Investors on the Performance of PRC H-Firms: An Exploratory Study 
Abstract:
 Foreign strategic investor (FSI) is a recent form of entry for foreign
 investors in the People's Republic of China (PRC) entities. An FSI is a
 nonâPRC investor who has an equity stake in an H-firm and aims to
 maintain long-term relations with the H-firm. An FSI has board
 representation that gives the strategic investor the ability to intervene.
 The study finds that H-firms with FSIs are initially less efficient
 H-firms as they underperform their peers before initial public offerings
 (IPOs). I argue that inefficient PRC H-firms seek FSIs for help in
 improving their performance. However, when testing performance improvement
 after the entry of FSIs, H-firms with FSIs show only nominal improvement
 in terms of net profit margin when compared with their peers, but the
 results are not significant. A bigger sample of performance data for the
 postâIPO period is needed in order to test the FSI's ability to improve
 performance for H-firms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-99 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=270603KVH26157H0 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N., and J.
 Cosset. 1998. "The Financial and Operating Performance of Newly Privatized
 Firms: Evidence from Developing Countries." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 53:
 1081-110.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Boycko, M., A. Shleifer, and R.W. Vishny. 1996. "A Theory of
 Privatization." >i>Economic Journal>/i> 106: 309-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, G., M. Firth, and
 O. Rui. 2006. "Have China's Enterprise Reforms Led to Improved Efficiency
 and Profitability?" >i>Emerging Markets Review>/i> 7: 82-109.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Delois, A., and
 P.W. Beamish. 1999. "Ownership Strategy of Japanese Firms: Transactional,
 Institutional, and Experience Influence." >i>Strategic Management
 Journal>/i> 20: 915-33.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> D'Souza, J., W. Megginson, and R. Nash.
 2000. "Determinants of Performance Improvements in Privatized Firms: The
 Role of Restructuring and Corporate Governance." Working paper. Available
 at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ssrn.com/abstract_id=243186'>www.ssrn.com/abstract_id=243
 186.>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Huang, G., and F.M. Song. 2005. "The Financial and Operating
 Performance of China's Newly Listed H-Firms." >i>Pacific Basin Finance
 Journal>/i> 13: 53-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Inkpen, A.C., and P.W. Beamish. 1997.
 "Knowledge Bargaining Power and the Instability of International Joint
 Ventures." >i>Academy of Management Review>/i> 22, no. 1:
 177-203.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> McGuinness, P.B., and M.J. Ferguson. 2005. "The Ownership
 Structure of Listed Chinese State-Owned Enterprises and Its Relation to
 Corporate Performance." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 15:
 231-36.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Megginson, W., and J. Netter. 2001. "From State to Market: A
 Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization." >i>Journal of Economic
 Literature>/i> 39: 321-89.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Nakos, G., and K.D. Brouthers. 2002.
 "Entry Mode Choice of SMEs in Central and Eastern Europe." >i>Enterprise
 Theory Practice>/i> 27 (Fall): 47-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Neumann, R., and T. Voetmann. 2003.
 "Does Ownership Matter in the Presence of Strict Anti-activism
 Legislation? Evidence from Equity Transactions in Denmark."
 >i>International Review of Financial Analysis>/i> 12, no. 2:
 157.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Pan, Y. 1996. "Influences on Foreign Equity Ownership Level in
 Joint Ventures in China." >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i>
 27, no. 5: 1-26.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Pan, Y., and D.K. Tse. 2000. "The Hierarchical Model of
 Market Entry Modes." >i>Journal of International Business>/i> 31:
 535-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Shimizu, K., M.A. Hitt, D. Vaidyanath, and V. Pisano. 2004.
 "Theoretical Foundations of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: A
 Review of Current Research and Recommendations for the Future." >i>Journal
 of International Management>/i> 10: 307-53.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sun, Q., and W. Tong. 2003.
 "China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success." >i>Journal
 of Financial Economics>/i> 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wang, L., and F. Chang. 2005.
 "Making a Strategic Investment in a Chinese Bank Work." >i>Supplement:
 International Financial Law Review Guide to China>/i> 2005: 33-36, 4p,
 2c.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Xu, L.C., T. Zhu, and Y. Lin. 2005. "Politician Control, Agency
 Problems, and Ownership Reform: Evidence from China." >i>Economics of
 Transition>/i> 13, no. 1: 1-24.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:84-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan  Liang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang 
Title: FDI, Competitive Menace, and the Evolution of Labor Practices in China 
Abstract:
 It is often argued that labor-intensive, export-oriented, foreign direct
 investment contributes tremendously to employment growth in China.
 However, this argument is not adequately verified due to the lack of
 rigorous and systematic examination of the effects of foreign direct
 investment (FDI) on the quantity and quality of employment. This article
 attempts to fill the lacunae. It shows that foreign-invested enterprises
 have not contributed to employment to the same extent as other ownership
 types or as their economic prowess would seem to allow. In response to the
 assertion that the employment contribution by FDI goes beyond direct job
 creation by foreign-invested enterprises, the article constructs an
 econometric test to account for the possible indirect employment effects.
 Yet the test shows that FDI has positive but insignificant effects on
 employment. In addition to the quantitative effects, the impacts of FDI on
 the quality of employment are also analyzed. The article concurs with the
 argument that FDI shapes the current free-market, contract-based labor
 system. Employing John Commons's "competitive menace" theory, the article
 contends that the massive entry of FDI and the labor practices of
 foreign-invested enterprises invoke three levels of competitive menace in
 the labor market, which significantly marginalizes Chinese workers.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-51 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9355L37240306K22 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank
 (ADB). 2005. "Key Indicators: People's Republic of China," available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2005/pdf/PRC.pdf'>
 www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2005/pdf/PRC.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Atkinson, G.
 1997. "Capital and Labor in the Emerging Global Economy." >i>Journal of
 Economic Issues>/i> 31, no. 2 (June): 385-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Atkinson, G. 2004. "Labor and
 the Menace of Competition." In >i>Institutionalist Tradition in Labor
 Economics>/i>, ed. D.P. Champlin et al., 39-49. Armonk, NY: M.E.
 Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Bazzoli, L., T. Kirat, and M.-C. Villeval. 1994. "Rules,
 Contracts, and Institution in the Wage-Labor Relationship: A Return to
 Institutionalism?" >i>Journal of Economic Issues>/i> 27, no. 4:
 1137-71.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Bell, S.A., and J.F. Henry. 2001. "Are Employment Relations
 Undergoing a Fundamental Change That Threatens the Future of Capitalism? A
 Critique of Hodgson's View of the Labor Contract." >i>Journal of Economic
 Issues>/i> 35, no. 2: 335-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Braunstein, A., and G. Epstein. 2004.
 "Bargaining Power and Foreign Direct Investment in China: Can 1.3 Billion
 Consumers Tame the Multinationals?" In >i>Labor and the Globalization of
 Production: Causes and Consequences of Industrial Upgrading>/i>, ed.
 William Milberg. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Brooks, Ray, and T. Ran.
 2004. "China's Labor Market Performance and Challenges." >i>China and the
 World Economy>/i> 12, no. 1: 21-35.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Caves, R. 1996. >i>Multinational
 Enterprise and Economic Analysis.>/i> 2d ed. Cambridge and New York:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chan, A. 2001. >i>China's Workers Under
 Assault: Exploitation and Abuse in a Globalizing Economy.>/i> Armonk, NY:
 M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Chan, A. 2003. "The Race to the Bottom." >i>China
 Perspectives>/i> 46 (March-April).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chan, A. 2005. "Recent Trends in Chinese
 Labor Issues: Signs of Change." >i>China Perspectives>/i> 57
 (January-February).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cheong, Y.R., and G. Xiao. 1993. "Global
 Capital Flows and the Position of China: Structural and Institutional
 Factors and Their Impacts." In >i>China's Role in Asia and the World
 Economy>/i>, ed. J.J. Teunissen. The Hague: FONDAD.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> >i>China Daily.>/i>
 1997. "Rural Unemployment Poses Challenges," December 31: 4.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Commons, J.R.
 1909. "American Shoemakers, 1648-1895. A Sketch of Industrial Revolution."
 >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 24: 39-81.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Commons, J.R. 1990 [1934].
 >i>Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy.>/i> New
 Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Commons, J.R. 1967. >i>A Sociological
 View of Sovereignty>/i> [1899-1900]. Reprint. Madison: University of
 Wisconsin Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Crotty, J., G. Epstein, and P. Kelly. 1998. "Multinational
 Corporations in the Neoliberal Regime." In >i>Globalization and
 Progressive Policy>/i>, ed. D. Baker, G. Epstein, and R. Pollin, 117-43.
 Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dai, G.C. 2005.
 >i>Zhongguo jingji de qiji: minying jiji de jueqi>/i> (The economic
 miracle of China: The rise of the Chinese private economy). Beijing:
 People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dong, X., and P. Bowles. 2002.
 "Segmentation and Discrimination in China's Emerging Industrial Labor
 Market." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 13, nos. 2-3: 170-96.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dutraive, V.
 1993. "La firme entre transaction et contrat: Willamson Ã©pigone ou
 dissident de la pensÃ©e institutionaliste." >i>Revue d'Ã©conomie
 politique>/i> 103, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fu, J. 2000. >i>Institutions and
 Economics.>/i> Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Fu, X.L. 2004.
 >i>Exports, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Development in
 China.>/i> New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fung, K.C., H. Iizaka, and S. Tong.
 2002. "Foreign Direct Investment in China: Policy, Trend, and Impact."
 Paper presented at International Conference on China's Economy in the
 Twenty-first Century, Hong Kong, June 24-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Gallagher, M. 2005.
 >i>Contagious Capitalism.>/i> Princeton: Princeton University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gimble, D.E. 1991. "Institutionalist Labor Market Theory and the
 Veblenian Dichotomy." >i>Journal of Economic Issues>/i> 25, no. 3
 (September): 625-48.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Guthrie, D. 1998. >i>Dragon in the
 Three-Piece Suit: the Emergence of Capitalism in China.>/i> Princeton:
 Princeton University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hanson, G.H. 2001. "Should Countries
 Promote Foreign Direct Investment?" G-24 Discussion Article, no. 9
 (February). Geneva: UNCTAD.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>28</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Howell, J. 1993. >i>China Opens Its
 Doors: The Politics of Economic Transition.>/i> Boulder, CO: Lynne
 Rienner.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Hu, A.G., and G.H. Jefferson. 2002. "FDI Impact and Spillover:
 Evidence from China's Electronic and Textile Industries." >i>World
 Economy>/i> 25, no. 8.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Huang, Y.S. 2001. "The Role of
 Foreign-Invested Enterprises in the Chinese Economy: An Institutional
 Foundation Approach." In >i>China, the United States, and the Global
 Economy>/i>, ed. S.X. Chen et al. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Huang, Y.S.
 2003a. >i>Selling China. Foreign Direct Investment During the Reform
 Era>/i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>32</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Huang, Y.S. 2003b. "One
 Country, Two Systems: Foreign-Invested Enterprises and Domestic Firms in
 China." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14, no. 4: 404-16.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> International
 Labor Organization (ILO). 2004. "Common Understanding." China Employment
 Forum. Beijing, April, available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/beijing/info/memo.htm'
 >www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/beijing/info/memo.htm.>/a></BIBTEX
 T>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jiang,
 X.J. 2003. "Xiying kuaguo goubing touzi, tuidong guoqi gange he kaifang"
 (Attracting transnational merger and acquisition to stimulate SOE reform
 and restructuring). In Wang, >i>Report on Foreign Direct Investment in
 China>/i>, 257-74.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>35</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Kanamori, T., and Z.J. Zhao. 2004. >i>Private Sector
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 1974. >i>Intercountry Income Distribution and Transnational
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 Liberalization and the Regions in China.>/i> New York:
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 40-57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:21-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan  Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Xianfeng  Jiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xianfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang 
Title: Market Structure and Profitability of Chinese Commercial Banks 
Abstract:
 The article uses a sample of four state-owned commercial banks, ten
 joint-share commercial banks, and all foreign banks in China to examine
 the changes in market structure and financial performance (profitability)
 of Chinese commercial banks. The market structure appears to have some
 influence on the performance of Chinese commercial banks. There are other
 factors affecting the performance of China's bank market. Although the
 concentration ratios and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index indicate the
 monopolistic nature of China's bank system, which is in a state of
 monopolistic competition or moderately concentrated now, foreign banks
 seem to have had some marginal effects on the Chinese banking market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 100-113 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A0X0860463451514 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bain, J.S. 1968.
 >i>Industrial Organization>/i>, 2d ed. New York: Wiley.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen Weiguang.
 2004. "Moderate Structure of the Banking Industry in China: An Analysis
 Frame." >i>Journal of Finance and Trade Economics>/i> 9: 20-24 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Guo Yan. 2005. "Determinants of the Efficiency of China's
 Commercial Banks: Theoretical Exploration and Empirical Test." >i>Journal
 of Financial Research>/i> 2: 115-21 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hu Yifan, Song Min, and
 Zhang Junxi. 2005. "Relative Importance and Relationship of the Theories
 of Competition, Equity, and Corporate Government." >i>Economic
 Research>/i> 9: 44-55 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jiang Yan. 2005. "Situation and Prospect
 of Cross-border M&As in European Banks." >i>Studies of International
 Finance>/i> 8: 4-8 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liu Wei and Huang Guitian. 2002. "Reform
 Keystone of Banking Industry in China: Equity Structure or Market
 Structure." >i>Economic Research>/i> 8: 4-5 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu Wei and Huang
 Guitian. 2003. "Concentration, Competition, and Performance in Banking."
 >i>Economic Research>/i> 11: 14-21 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Liu Xiaoxuan. 2003. "Equity
 Structure and Market Structure of Conversion Economics in China."
 >i>Economic Research>/i> 1: 21-29 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Pilloff, Steven J. 2003.
 "Commercial Banking." In >i>The Structure of America Industry>/i>, 10th
 ed., ed. Walter Adams and James Brock, 222-51. Beijing: Renmin University
 of China Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Research Group in the Research Center of
 Competitiveness and Valuation (RGRCC). 2003. >i>Research Report on
 International Competitiveness Development in China (2003)>/i>, 36-38.
 Beijing: Renmin University of China Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shi Donghui.
 2003. "Proprietorship and Competition: Empirical Analysis of Joint-Share
 Companies in China." >i>Economic Research>/i> 8: 46-54 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission. 1997.
 >i>Horizontal Merger Guidelines>/i>.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Wang Kai and Ni Jianjun. 2003.
 "Analysis of Industry Economics in Banks' M&As of the Emerging Market."
 >i>Studies of International Finance>/i> 12: 33-37 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Xie Ping and
 Jiao Jinpu. 2002. >i>Reform of Commercial Banks in China>/i>. Beijing:
 Economic Science Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yang Xiaoguang and Lu Shouyong. 2003.
 "Private Capital Entry to the Banking Industry: Structure Reconstruction
 or Equity Reconstruction." >i>Journal of Financial Research>/i> 9: 99-105
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Yi Gang and Zhao Xianxin. 2001. "Competition of China's Banks:
 Institution Dilation, Instrument Innovation, and Equity Reform."
 >i>Economic Research>/i> 8: 26-27 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yu Liangcun and Ju Yuan.
 1999. "Monopoly and Competition: Reform and Development of the Banking
 Industry in China." >i>Economic Research>/i> 8: 48-57 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang Jianhua. 2003. "DEA Method and Empirical Analysis of the
 Efficiency of Commercial Banks in China (1997-2001)." >i>Journal of
 Financial Research>/i> 3: 11-25 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>19</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zheng Lujun and Cao Tingqiu.
 2005. "Empirical Analysis of Efficiency and Its Factors for China's
 Commercial Banks." >i>Journal of Financial Research>/i> 1: 91-101 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zhou Xiaoquan. 2003. "Determining Factors of the Performance of
 the Banking Industry in China: Market Structure and Equity Structure."
 >i>Journal of Investment Research>/i> 7: 2-5 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:100-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T. Y. Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: T. Y. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Title: Ownership Structure and Corporate Earnings in China 
Abstract:
 The market setting of the Chinese securities markets is unique because of:
 (1) a mandatory requirement to release reported earnings within 120 days
 after the fiscal year ends; (2) a practice of announcing earnings and
 dividends simultaneously; and (3) a high percentage of shares in the hands
 of state-owned and legal-person shareholders. This article explores the
 relation between ownership structure, earnings performance, and
 announcement timing of Chinese listed firms. Overall results indicate that
 the percentage of nontradable shares is negatively related to announcement
 timeliness, and positively related to unexpected earnings increase,
 unexpected cash dividend increase, and firm size. Consistent with the
 findings of previous research, this study provides evidence that the
 market reacts favorably to early rather than late announcement. Firms with
 high percentages of nontradable shares are larger firms and have better
 earnings performance, and hence these firms tend to release earnings
 information earlier.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 52-66 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HL50240L667T4043 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Banz, R. 1981. "The
 Relationship Between Return and Market Value of Common Stocks." >i>Journal
 of Financial Economics>/i> 9: 3-18.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Begley, J., and P.E. Fischer. 1998. "Is
 There Information in an Earnings Announcement Delay?" >i>Review of
 Accounting Studies>/i> 3: 347-63.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Brookfield, D., and R. Morris. 1992. "The
 Market Impact of UK Company News Announcement." >i>Journal of Business
 Finance and Accounting>/i> 19: 585-601.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chambers, A.E., and S.H. Penman.
 1984. "Timeliness of Reporting and the Stock Price Reaction to Earnings
 Announcements." >i>Journal of Accounting Research>/i> 22: 21-47.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Chen,
 C.J.P., S. Chen, and X. Su. 2001. "Is Accounting Information
 Value-Relevant in the Emerging Chinese Stock Market?" >i>Journal of
 International Accounting, Auditing, and Taxation>/i> 10: 1-22.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Chen, G.,
 L.T.W. Cheng, and N. Gao. 2005. "Information Content and Timing of
 Earnings Announcements." >i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting>/i>
 32: 65-95.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Givoly, D., and D. Palmon. 1982. "Timeliness of Annual Earnings
 Announcements: Some Empirical Evidence." >i>Accounting Review>/i> 57:
 486-508.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Haw, I.M., D.Q. Qi, and W. Wu. 2000. "Timeliness of Annual
 Report Releases and Market Reaction to Earnings Announcements in an
 Emerging Capital Market: The Case of China." >i>Journal of International
 Financial Management and Accounting:>/i> 108-131.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Laurie, A., and V. Pastena.
 1975. "How Promptly Do Corporations Disclose Their Problem?" >i>Financial
 Analysts Journal>/i> 31: 55-61.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> McConnell, J., and H. Servaes. 1990.
 "Additional Evidence on Equity Ownership and Corporate Value." >i>Journal
 of Financial Economics>/i> 27: 595-612.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Nissim, D., and A. Ziv. 2001.
 "Dividend Changes and Future Profitability." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 56:
 2111-33.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Qi, D., W. Wu, and H. Zhang. 2000. "Shareholding Structure and
 Corporate Performance of Partially Privatized Firms: Evidence from Listed
 Chinese Companies." >i>Pacific Basin Finance Journal>/i> 8:
 587-610.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Rendleman, R.J., C.P. Jones, and H.A. Latane. 1982. "Empirical
 Anomalies Based on Unexpected Earnings and Importance of Risk Adjustment."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 10: 269-87.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A., and R.
 Vishny. 1986. "Large Shareholders and Corporate Control." >i>Journal of
 Political Economy>/i> 94: 461-88.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Watts, R.L., and J.L. Zimmerman. 1990.
 "Toward a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards."
 >i>Accounting Review>/i> 65: 131-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> White, H. 1980. "A
 Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct
 Test for Heteroskedasticity." >i>Econometrica>/i> 48: 817-38.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Whittred, G.
 1980. "Audit Qualification and the Timeliness of Corporate Annual
 Reports." >i>Accounting Review>/i> 55: 563-77.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:52-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q5LX56208945N437 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu  Yaobin 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaobin 
Author-Name: Zhou  Tao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou  
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao 
Author-Name: Bin  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Bin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: A Comparison of Prices in Electronic Markets and Traditional Markets of China 
Abstract:
 As the largest developing country in the world, China is experiencing fast
 development in e-commerce, and its online marketplace has rapidly taken
 shape. In this research, we examine the price levels, menu costs, and
 price dispersions of books and CDs in China. We collected data from ten
 online bookstores and eight online CD stores for five weeks. To form a
 basis of comparison, we also collected data from eight traditional
 bookstores and eight traditional CD retailers. Our results show that for
 both products, price levels and menu costs in online markets are
 significantly lower than those of traditional markets. As for price
 dispersion, we get two different results. For books, the price dispersion
 of the online market is larger than that of the traditional market, while
 the opposite is true for CDs. These results can be explained by the
 characteristics of the Chinese online marketplace, such as immaturity,
 unbalanced development, and diversity.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-83 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R476935401701N34 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ancarani, F., and V.
 Shankar. 2004. "Price Levels and Price Dispersion Within and Across
 Multiple Retailer Types: Further Evidence and Extension." >i>Journal of
 the Academy of Marketing Science>/i> 32, no. 2: 176-87.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bailey, J.P.
 1998. >i>Intermediation and Electronic Markets: Aggregation and Pricing in
 Internet Commerce>/i>. Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bailey, J.P., and Y. Bakos.
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:5:p:67-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Changwen  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Changwen  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Jiang  Du 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Du 
Title: Causality Between FDI and Economic Growth in China 
Abstract:
 Studies on how foreign direct investment (FDI) interacts with host
 economic growth are obviously important. Using the vector autoregression
 (VAR) approach developed by Toda and Phillips, we examine the causality
 between FDI and growth in China by conducting time-series estimations
 through ADF [Augmented Dickey Fuller] unit-root tests, cointegration
 tests, and error-correction analyses. The result reveals that the two-way
 causality between FDI and growth in China is not highly significant.
 China's economic growth indeed attracts FDI influx, which supports the
 market-size hypothesis; while the FDI influx stimulates the economic
 growth of China to some degree, the result is not significant.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-82 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=638U4H4788353HW8 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bende-Nabende, A., and
 J.L. Ford. 1998. "FDI, Policy Adjustment, and Endogenous Growth:
 Multiplier Effects from a Small Dynamic Model for Taiwan, 1959-1995."
 >i>World Development>/i> 26: 1315-30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bende-Nabende, A., J.L. Ford, B.
 Santoso, and S. Sen. 2003. "The Interaction Between FDI, Output, and the
 Spillover Variables: Co-Integration and VAR Analyses for APEC, 1965-1999."
 >i>Applied Economics Letters>/i> 10: 165-72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bernard, A.B., and J.B.
 Jensen. 1999. "Exporting and Productivity." NBER Working Paper No. 7135,
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   <BIBTEXT> Broadman, H.G., and X. Sun. 1997. "The Distribution of Foreign
 Direct Investment in China." >i>World Economy>/i> 20: 339-61.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Caves, R. 1996.
 >i>Multinational Enterprises and Economic Analysis>/i>, 2d ed. Cambridge:
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 "North-South Research Development and Spillovers." NBER Working Paper No.
 5048, Cambridge, MA.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Du, J. 2002. "FDI and China's Economic
 Growth: An Empirical Analysis." >i>Journal of World Economy>/i> 8: 27-30
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Du, J., and J.W. Gao. 2002. "FDI and China's Economic Growth."
 >i>World Economy Forum>/i> 1: 32-36 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Du, J., J. Ying, and T.W.
 Dong. 2004. "The Empirical Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment and
 Regional Economic Growth." >i>Journal of Sichuan University (social
 science edition)>/i> 2: 27-31 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Enders, W. 1995. >i>Applied
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 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gujarati, D.
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 1983. "A Simultaneous Determination of Structure, Conduct, and Performance
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       <BIBTEXT> Kholdy, S. 1995. "Causality Between Foreign Investment and
 Spillover Efficiency." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 27: 745-49.</BIBTEXT>	   
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 1964. "Foreign Exchange Constraints in Economic Development and Efficient
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 1999. "Capital and Development." >i>Asian Economic Journal>/i> 13, no. 4:
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 <BIBTEXT> Meyer, K. 1998. >i>Direct Investment in Economies in
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 "Determinants of German Manufacturing Direct Investment: 1980-1988."
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 Approach to the Economics of FDI in China." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 34:
 885-93.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Shan, J., G. Tian, and F. Sun. 1999. "Causality Between FDI and
 Economic Growth." In >i>Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in
 China>/i>, ed. Y. Wu, 140-56. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> State Statistics
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	<BIBTEXT> Sun, H. 1998. "Macroeconomic Impacts of Direct Foreign
 Investment in China." >i>World Economy>/i> 21: 675-94.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Toda, H.Y., and
 P.C.B. Phillips. 1993. "Vector Auto Regressions and Causality." >i>Journal
 of Econometrics>/i> 61: 1367-93.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Toda, H.Y., and T. Yamamoto. 1995.
 "Statistical Inference in Vector Auto Regressions with Possibly Integrated
 Processes." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 66: 225-50.</BIBTEXT>     
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 Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 1992. >i>World Investment
 Report 1992: Transnational Corporations as Engines of Growth>/i>. New
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 Challenge of Development>/i>. New York.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>30</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade
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 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H. 1999. "How Does FDI Interact with Economic Growth in
 a Large Developing Country? The Case of China." >i>Economic System>/i> 21,
 no. 4: 291-303.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>32</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H. 2000. "Human Capital, Country Size, and
 North-South Manufacturing Enterprises." >i>Economia
 Internazionale/International Economics>/i> 53, no. 2: 237-60.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>33</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H.
 2001. "Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Evidence
 from East Asia and Latin America." >i>Contemporary Economic Policy>/i> 19,
 no. 2: 175-85.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:68-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhongxiu  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongxiu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: China's Industrial Competitiveness in the World 
Abstract:
 This article studies China's industrial competitiveness using
 international perspectives and comparison. Adopting the index of
 competitive industrial performance developed by the United Nations
 Industrial Organization (UNIDO), we assess China's position in the world
 and analyze the dynamics of its industrial capabilities, focusing on five
 drivers of industrial capability: skills, technological efforts, inward
 foreign direct investment (FDI), royalty and technical payments abroad,
 and modern infrastructure. We find that China's big jump in industrial
 competitiveness is largely associated with its participating international
 production networks. The corresponding dangers with such connection,
 however, are low domestic value added and merely serving as an export
 platform. China can become a global industrial power only if it succeeds
 in upgrading industry and domestic innovation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-23 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DX5125522R0L0427 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chenery, H.B., S.
 Robinson, and M. Syrquin. 1986. >i>Industrialization and Growth: A
 Comparative Study>/i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press (for the World
 Bank).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Shenkar, Oded. 2005. >i>The Chinese Century: The Rising Chinese
 Economy and Its Impact on the Global Economy, the Balance of Power, and
 Your Job.>/i> Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> United
 Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2002a. >i>World
 Investment Report 2002>/i>. New York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations
 Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2002b. >i>Trade and
 Development Report 2002>/i>. New York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations
 Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). 2002. >i>Industrial
 Development Report 2002/2003>/i>. New York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2006.
 >i>World Development Indicators 2006>/i>. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Trade
 Organization (WTO). 2006. >i>World Trade Report 2006>/i>.
 Geneva.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2002. "China as a New Power in World
 Trade." In >i>China's Access to WTO and the Global Economy>/i>, ed. H.
 Fung, C. Pei, and J. Johnson, 32-49. Beijing: Yuhang Publishing
 House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2004. "Maximizing Benefits from FDI and
 Minimizing Its Costs: What Do We Learn from China?" In >i>Foreign
 Investment in Developing Countries>/i>, ed. H.S. Kehal. 78-91. Hampshire,
 UK: Palgrave/Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2006. "FDI and Host
 Countries' Exports: The Case of China," >i>Economia Internazionale /
 International Economics>/i> 58, no. 4: 113-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2007.
 "Determinants of Complex Exports: The Case of China," >i>Economia
 Internazionale / International Economics>/i> 59, no. 1: 111-22.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:6-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: International Production Networks and Export Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from China 
Abstract:
 Developing countries may expand their exports through participating in
 international production networks organized by multinational corporations.
 China appears to have been successful with this approach in the past two
 decades. Its exports rose from $9.8 billion in 1978 (ranked as
 thirty-second in the world) to $762 billion in 2005 (the third-largest in
 the world). In the same period, accumulated foreign direct investment
 (FDI) flows into China increased from zero to $602 billion, and exports by
 foreign-invested enterprises in 2005 comprised 57 percent of China's total
 exports. FDI promotes China's exports mainly through labor-intensive
 processes and component specialization within vertically integrated
 international industries. However, the challenge facing China is how to
 increase domestic value added and how to upgrade its industry in
 international production networks.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 83-96 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=EL48563812H2VX6U 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ekholm, K., R. Forslid,
 and J. Markusen. 2003. "Export-Platform Foreign Direct Investment." BNER
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 Development Economics>/i> 42: 51-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
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 China.>/i> Beijing: China Renmin University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
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 Manufacturing Multinational Enterprises." >i>Economia
 Internazionale/International Economics>/i> 53, no. 2: 237-60.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H.
 2006. "FDI and Host Countries' Exports: The Case of China." >i>Economia
 Internazionale / International Economics>/i> 58, no. 4: 113-27.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H.,
 and J. Markusen. 1999. "Vertical Multinationals and Host-Country
 Characteristics." >i>Journal of Development Economics>/i> 59:
 233-52.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H., and S. Song. 2000. "Promoting Exports: The Role of
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 385-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:83-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuli  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuli  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Qianwen  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Qianwen  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: How Does Entrepreneurial Activity Affect Organizational Performance in China's Private Enterprises? 
Abstract:
 Based on the data for fifty-five of China's private enterprises in their
 growing period, this article investigates effects of corporate
 entrepreneurial activity (EA) on organizational performance (OP). We
 construct new measures for EA, OP, and other variables, and use two-way
 and three-way contingency approaches in our analyses. Empirical results
 indicate positive effects of EA on OP for Chinese private enterprises,
 which are consistent with theoretical predictions and studies of Western
 enterprises in the literature.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-48 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M250126455337531 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Adizes, Ichak. 1989.
 >i>Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to
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 Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper
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 Entrepreneurship." >i>Harvard Business Review>/i> 2: 85-94.</BIBTEXT>	   
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 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Management." >i>Strategic Management
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 International Comparative Management>/i> 11: 217-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
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 MacMillan, and M.B. Low. 1991. "Effects of Strategy and Environment on
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 the Entrepreneurial Orientation-Performance Relationship."
 >i>Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice>/i> 24, no. 1: 37-48.</BIBTEXT>   
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 and Shepherd D. 2005. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business
 Performance: A Configurational Approach." >i>Journal of Business
 Venturing>/i> 20: 82-83.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>47</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yusuf, A. 2002. "Environment Uncertainty,
 the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Business Ventures and Performance."
 >i>International Journal of Commerce and Management>/i> 12, nos. 3-4:
 83-103.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>48</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zahra, S.A. 1991. "Predictors and Financial Outcomes of
 Corporate Entrepreneurship: An Explorative Study." >i>Journal of Business
 Venturing>/i> 6: 259-85.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
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 Entrepreneurship, and Financial Performance: A Taxonomic Approach."
 >i>Journal of Business Venturing>/i> 8: 319-40.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
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 1995. "Contextual Influences on the Corporate Entrepreneurship-Performance
 Relationship: A Longitudinal Analysis." >i>Journal of Business
 Venturing>/i> 10: 43-58.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>51</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zahra, S.A., and D. Garvis. 2000.
 "International Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance: The
 Moderating Effect of International Environmental Hostility." >i>Journal of
 Business Venturing>/i> 15: 469-92.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
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 Entrepreneurship: The State of the Field." >i>Entrepreneurship Theory and
 Practice>/i> 24, no. 2 (Winter): 45-63.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:24-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R35QK20487214J53 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xing  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Shujun  Cao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shujun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao 
Title: Determinants of Corporate Effective Tax Rates: Evidence from Listed Companies in China 
Abstract:
 The authors examine what determines corporate effective tax rates (ETR) at
 the firm level, using the panel data on 425 listed companies in China's
 stock market over the seven-year period 1998-2004. First they identify
 some possible determinants of ETR based on theories and firm
 characteristics in China, including firm size, leverage, asset mix,
 profitability, ownership structure, and overemployment. Then they conduct
 quantitative analyses and panel estimations with the randomeffect model.
 The findings from the empirical results are as follows. The firm size and
 capital intensity of the listed companies seem to have no significant
 effects on ETR. The impact of leverage on ETR is negative and significant.
 ETR tends to be smaller for firms with overemployment of labor, which may
 be related to incentive policies provided by government to promote
 employment. Effects of profitability and ownership structure on ETR vary
 with external tax environments, and they turn out to be positive as all
 firms enjoy tax incentives.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-67 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 40 
Year: 2007 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W1051K2065143077 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Buijink, W., B.
 Janssen, and Y. Schols. 2002. "Evidence of the Effect of Domicile on
 Corporate Effective Tax Rates in the European Union." >i>Journal of
 International Accounting, Auditing, and Taxation>/i> 11: 115-30.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Callihan,
 D.S. 1994. "Corporate Effective Tax Rates: A Synthesis of the Literature."
 >i>Journal of Accounting Literature>/i> 13: 1-43.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Derashid, Check, and Hao
 Zhang. 2003. "Effective Tax Rates and the Industrial Policy Hypothesis:
 Evidence from Malaysia." >i>Journal of International Accounting Auditing
 and Taxation>/i> 12: 45-62.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gupta, S., and K. Newberry. 1997.
 "Determinants of the Variability of Corporate Effective Tax Rates:
 Evidence from Longitudinal Data." >i>Journal of Accounting and Public
 Policy>/i> 16, no. 1: 1-34.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Holland, K. 1998. "Accounting Policy
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   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Huang, G., and
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 Buijink. 2000. "Determinants of the Variability of Corporate Effective Tax
 Rates (ETRs): Evidence for the Netherlands." Management and Administration
 Research Center (MARC) working paper.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Kim, K.A., and P. Limpaphayom. 1998.
 "Tax and Firm Size in Pacific-Basin Emerging Economies." >i>Journal of
 International Accounting Auditing and Taxation>/i> 7: 47-63.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liu Xing. 2000.
 "Positive Research on Determinants of Financing of Listed Companies in
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       <BIBL>10</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> MacKie-Mason, Jeffrey K. 1990. "Do
 Taxes Affect Corporate Financing Decisions?" >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 45,
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     <BIBTEXT> Manzon, G., and W.R. Smith. 1994. "The Effect of the
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 Econometrics: A Modern Approach.>/i> Cincinnati: South-Western College
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 Accounting and Economics>/i> 5, no. 2: 119-49.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:40:y:2007:i:6:p:49-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong-Ren  Peng 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-Ren  
Author-X-Name-Last: Peng 
Author-Name: Yi  Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Mobility of the Chinese Urban Poor: A Case Study of Hefei City 
Abstract:
 In an environment of rapid economic development with rising incomes,
 escalating motorization, and growing urbanization, it is natural that
 government policies focus on solving congestion-related problems caused by
 increased car ownership and usage. The mobility needs of the urban poor
 have traditionally been neglected in policy and in practice, particularly
 in developing countries. This article addresses the mobility challenges
 facing the urban poor and is based on a household travel survey in the
 city of Hefei in China. First we present the travel behaviors,
 transportation costs, and commuting problems of the urban poor. Then we
 discuss urban transportation-policy implications and examine the
 prevailing trends of urban transportation policies and plans in Chinese
 cities. Policy recommendations are suggested to improve the mobility needs
 of the urban poor.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2844617706176212 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:36-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinlan  Ni 
Author-X-Name-First: Jinlan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni 
Author-Name: Miaomiao  Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Miaomiao  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Testing the Pecking-Order Theory: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies 
Abstract:
 The pecking-order theory of capital structure, which predicts that firms
 prefer internal to external finance, is one of the most influential
 theories of corporate leverage. This article examines whether the
 financial structure of China's listed companies follows a pecking order
 from debt to equity. Using the entire cross-section sample of China's
 listed companies in 2004, the authors find no evidence that China's listed
 companies follow a pecking order when they need funds to finance
 investment projects. Further subgroup analyses indicate that big companies
 follow a pecking order and small and medium companies do not. These
 results suggest that the Chinese capital market is still under
 development. However, the large companies face a relatively looser
 financing environment than the small ones.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 97-113 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AJH15K736R384665 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, Franklin, Jun
 Qian, and Meijun Qian. 2003. "Comparing China's Financial System."
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 and Gregory P. Wilson. 2005. "How to Fix China's Banking System?"
 >i>McKinsey Quarterly>/i> 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen Long and Zhao Xinlei. 2004. "The
 Modified Pecking Order Theory: New Empirical Evidence from Corporate
 Financing Decisions." Working paper, Social Science Research
 Network.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chiu Chien-Liang, Lee Mingchih, and Chen Chun-Da. 2005. "Removal
 of an Investment Restriction: The âBâ Share Experience from China's
 Stock Markets." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 15: 273-85.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Chirinko,
 Robert S., and Anuja R. Singha. 2000. "Testing Static Tradeoff Against
 Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure: A Critical Comment." >i>Journal
 of Financial Economics>/i> 58, no. 3: 417-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Frank, Murray Z., and Vidhan
 K. Goyal. 2003. "Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 67: 217-48.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hodgson, Glen. 2004. "Can
 China's Banking System Be Reformed?" >i>Trade Finance>/i>
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 <BIBTEXT> Huang, Alan G., and Hung-Gay Fung. 2005. "Floating the
 Nonfloatables in China's Stock Market." >i>Emerging Markets Finance and
 Trade>/i> 41, no. 5: 6-26.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Huang, Samuel G. H., and Frank M. Song.
 2006. "The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from China."
 >i>China Economic Review>/i> 17, no. 1: 14-36.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ji, Chen, and Stephen
 Thomas. 2005. "China's Bond Market Matures, Slowly." >i>China Business
 Review>/i> (January-February): 30-33.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Marsh, P. R. 1982. "The Choice Between
 Equity and Debt: An Empirical Study." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 37, no. 1:
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 <BIBTEXT> Myers, Stewart C. 1984. "Capital Structure Puzzle." >i>Journal
 of Finance>/i> 39, no. 3: 575-92.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Myers, Stewart C., and Nicholas S.
 Majluf. 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms
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 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
 1996-2005. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Shyam-Sunder, Lakshmi, and Stewart C. Myers. 1999. "Testing
 Static Trade-off Against Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 51: 219-44.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
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 of Corporate Financing Decisions." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 32, no. 5:
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 <BIBTEXT> Tong, Guanqun, and Christopher J. Green. 2005. "Pecking Order or
 Trade-off Hypothesis? Evidence on the Capital Structure of Chinese
 Companies." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 37: 2179-89.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zoppa, Adrian, and Richard
 G. P. McMahon. 2001. "Pecking Order Theory and the Financial Structure of
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 paper 02-1, School of Commerce.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:97-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zelai  Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zelai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Nong  Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Nong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Urban Growth Determinants in China 
Abstract:
 This article examines the determinants of Chinese city population growth
 in the 1990s. In this decade, the Chinese government continued to loosen
 the restriction on rural/urban migration. The consequent rural exodus was
 accompanied by rapid urban population growth. However, cities of different
 sizes did not grow at the same rate. Urban literature suggests that
 city-population growth is determined by some urban characteristics, mainly
 initial size, economic performance, and geographical factors. Using panel
 data of Chinese prefecture- and province-level cities over the period
 1990-2000, we examine how the subsequent population growth of cities is
 determined by their initial characteristics. Empirical results show that
 initial size, neighbor effect, and economic performance are the main
 factors affecting city population growth. Smaller cities grow faster than
 larger cities; gross domestic product per capita level and the degree of
 openness both exert a positive effect on growth rate. Finally, neighbors'
 impact on city growth has a quadratic shape.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D06RK402474R2550 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 Ge. 2005. "The Size Distribution of Chinese Cities." >i>Regional Science
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 <BIBTEXT> Beeson, P. E., D. N. DeJong, and W. Troeskan. 2001. "Population
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 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Black, D., and V. Henderson. 2003. "Urban
 Evolution in the USA." >i>Journal of Economic Geography>/i> 3:
 343-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Blundell, R., and S. Bond. 1998. "Initial Conditions and Moment
 Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i>
 87, no. 1: 115-43.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>10</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Brakman, S., H. Garretsen, and M. Schramm. 2002. "The
 Strategic Bombing of German Cities During WWII and Its Impact on City
 Growth." CESifo Working Paper No. 808 (November), CESifo,
 Munich.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chang, K. S. 1994. "Chinese Urbanization and Development Before
 and After Economic Reform: A Comparative Reappraisal." >i>World
 Development>/i> 22, no. 4: 601-13.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dobkins, L., and Y. Ioannides. 2000.
 "Dynamic Evolution of the U. S. City Size Distribution." In >i>Economics
 of Cities>/i>, ed. J. M. Huriot and J. F. Thisse, 217-60. Cambridge:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Eberts, R. W., and D. P. McMillen. 1999.
 "Agglomeration Economics and Urban Public Infrastructure." In >i>Handbook
 of Regional and Urban Economics>/i>, vol. 3, ed. E. S. Mills and P.
 Cheshire. Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Fujita M., P. Krugman, and
 A. J. Venables. 1999. >i>The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and
 International Trade.>/i> Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Gabaix, X., and Y.
 Ioannides. 2004. "The Evolution of City Size Distribution." In >i>Handbook
 of Urban and Regional Economics 4: Cities and Geography>/i>, ed. V.
 Henderson and J. F. Thisse. Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>16</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Glaeser, E.
 L., and J. Shapiro. 2001. "Is There a New Urbanism? The Growth of U. S.
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	<BIBTEXT> Glaeser, E. L., J. A. Scheinkman, and A. Shleifer. 1995.
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 Economics>/i> 36: 117-43.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Harris, J., and M. P. Todaro. 1970.
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 "The Sizes and Types of Cities." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 64:
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 <BIBTEXT> Hoover, E. M. 1948. >i>The Location of Economic Activity.>/i>
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 of China's Policy of Restricting Population Movement." >i>The Developing
 Economies>/i> 34, no. 4: 370-401.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Krugman, P. 1991. "Increasing Returns and
 Economic Geography." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 99, no. 3:
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 <BIBTEXT> Krugman, P. 1993. >i>Geography and Trade.>/i> Cambridge: MIT
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Marshall, A. 1920. >i>Principles of Economics>/i>, 8th ed.
 London: Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>26</BIBL>
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 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2000. >i>Zhongguo chengshi
 nianjian>/i> (Yearbook of Chinese cities). Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2004. >i>Zhongguo tongji
 nianjian>/i> (Yearbook of Chinese statistics). Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Rappaport, J. 1999. "Why Are Population Flows So Persistent?"
 Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
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 Sacks. 2003. "The U. S. as a Coastal Nation." >i>Journal of Economic
 Growth>/i> 8: 5-46.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Small, K. A. 1999. "Urban
 Transportation." In >i>Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics 3>/i>, ed.
 E. S. Mills and P. Cheshire. Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>33</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Song, S.,
 and K. H. Zhang. 2002. "Urbanization and City Size Distribution in China."
 >i>Urban Studies>/i> 39, no. 12: 2317-27.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>34</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2004. >i>World
 Urbanization Prospects: 2003 Revision.>/i> New York: United
 Nations.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Williamson, J. G. 1988. "Migration and Urbanization." In
 >i>Handbook of Development Economics 1>/i>, ed. H. Cenery and T. N.
 Srinivasan. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>36</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Wu, H. X. 1994. "Rural to Urban
 Migration in the People's Republic of China." >i>China Quarterly>/i>
 (September): 669-72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:7-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aimin  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Aimin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Ping  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Ping  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: The Formation, Restructuring, and Performance of Chinese Enterprise Groups: The Case of Liaoning Province 
Abstract:
 This study examines in detail the role of the government in the process of
 top-down formation of China's enterprise groups and the subsequent
 restructuring and performance of these groups, based on sets of data from
 Liaoning province. The authors find that the groups were fairly successful
 in separating supplementary units from the principal, but less so in
 ownership diversification and organizational restructuring, and that,
 contrary to the hope of the government, the enterprise groups as a whole
 had a declined profit performance despite growing larger in assets, value
 added, and sales revenues. The factors that may have contributed to the
 profit decline are analyzed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J55822NG2U851715 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Broadman, G. Harry.
 1999. "The Chinese State As Corporate Shareholder." >i>Finance &
 Development>/i> (September): 52-55.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, Aimin. 2002. "The Structure of
 Chinese Industry and the Impact from China's WTO Entry." >i>Comparative
 Economic Studies>/i> (Spring): 72-98.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Foundation of Chinese Economic Reform
 Research. 1999. >i>The Experiences of Growth: Case Study of Chinese Large
 Well-Performing Enterprises.>/i> Shanghai: Far East Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hart, Oliver.
 1995. >i>Firm, Contract and Financial Structure.>/i> Oxford: Oxford
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Jefferson, Gary, G. Z. Albert Hu, Xiaojing Guan, and
 Xiaoyun Yu. 2003. "Ownership, Performance, and Innovation in China's Large
 and Medium-Size Industrial Enterprise Sector." >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 14, no. 1 (March): 89-113.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Keister, Lisa. 1998. "Engineering
 Growth: Business Group Structure and Firm Performance in China's
 Transition Economy." >i>American Journal of Sociology>/i> 104, no. 2
 (September): 404-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lee, Keun, and Donghoon Hahn. 2003.
 "Market Competition, Plan Constraints, and Asset Diversion in the
 Enterprise Groups in China." Working paper, Seoul National
 University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Liaoning Province. 2000. >i>Liaoning Statistical Yearbook.>/i>
 Shenyang: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liaoning Province Economic and Trade
 Commission. 1997a. >i>Background Materials on Establishing Enterprise
 Groups in Liaoning Province.>/i></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liaoning Province Economic and Trade
 Commission. 1997b. Series of reports on >i>Establishing Enterprise
 Groups.>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Liaoning Province Economic and Trade Commission. 1999.
 >i>Information and Statistics.>/i></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
 2001. "China Enterprise Groups Not So Enterprising," available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.chinaonline.com/issues/econ_news/newsArchive/cs-protected
 /2001/January/B200122918.asp'>www.chinaonline.com/issues/econ_news/newsArc
 hive/cs-protected/2001/January/B200122918.asp>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Nolan, Peter, and Godfrey
 Yeung. 2001. "Big Business with Chinese Characteristics: Two Paths to
 Growth of the Firm in China Under Reform." >i>Cambridge Journal of
 Economics>/i> (July): 443-65.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> North, Douglass. 1996. "Institutions,
 Organization, and Market Competition." Working paper, Washington
 University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Picot, Gerhard, ed. 2002. >i>Handbook of International Mergers
 and Acquisitions: Preparation Implementation and Integration.>/i> New
 York: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Watanabe, Mariko. 2002. "Holding Company
 Risk in China: A Final Step of State-Owned Enterprises Reform and an
 Emerging Problem of Corporate Governance." >i>China Economic Review>/i>
 13, no. 4 (December): 373-81.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Weston, Fred, K. S. Chung, and J. A. Siu.
 1998. >i>Takeovers, Restructuring, and Corporate Governance.>/i> Upper
 Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Williamson, Oliver. 1975. >i>Market and
 Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implication.>/i> New York: Free
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yue, Qifeng, ed. 1992. >i>Dictionary of Economic Events in
 Liaoning.>/i> Shenyang: People's Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:72-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lan  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Lan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Gender Difference of Health Status in the Aging Population of Urban China 
Abstract:
 We used data from the Sample Survey of the Aged Population in China in
 2000 to investigate and compare the health status of the elderly
 population. We found differences between male and female elderly
 concerning health status. First, chronic disease and disability rates are
 higher for females than for males. Second, the female elderly report worse
 health than males while controlling for lifestyle and social variables.
 Third, the health expectancy of the female elderly is longer than that of
 males, although the former have a smaller proportion of healthy status
 than the latter.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RP6V65448KL68749 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, J. A. 1984.
 "Regression and Ordered Categorical Variables." >i>Journal of the Royal
 Statistical Society>/i>, Series B (Methodological) 46, no. 1:
 1-30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Annandale, E., and K. Hunt. 1990. "Masculinity, Femininity, and
 Sex: An Exploration of Their Relative Contribution to Explaining Gender
 Differences in Health." >i>Sociology of Health and Illness>/i> 12:
 24-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Arber, S., and H. Cooper. 1999. "Gender Differences in Health in
 Later Life: The New Paradox?" >i>Social Science and Medicine>/i> 48:
 61-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Connelly, J. E., J. T. Philbrick, R. Smith, D. L. Kaiser, and A.
 Wymer. 1989. "Health Perceptions of Primary Care Patients and the
 Influence on Health Care Utilization." >i>Medical Care>/i> 27
 (supplement): 99-109.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gerdtham, U.-G., and M. Johannesson. 1999.
 "New Estimates of the Demand for Health: Results Based on a Categorical
 Health Measure and Swedish Micro Data." >i>Social Science and Medicine>/i>
 49: 1325-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Gerdtham, U.-G., M. Johannesson, and B. JÃ¶nsson. 2002. "The
 Determinants of Health in Sweden." In >i>Individual Decisions for
 Health>/i>, ed. B. Lindgren, 113-27. London; New York:
 Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Gerdtham, U.-G., M. Johannesson, L. Lundberg, and D. Isacson.
 1999. "The Demand for Health: Results from New Measures of Health
 Capital." >i>European Journal of Political Economy>/i> 15:
 501-21.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Idler, E. L., and S. Kasl. 1991. "Health Perceptions and
 Survival: Do Global Evaluations of Health Status Really Predict
 Mortality?" >i>Journal of Gerontology>/i> 46: 555-65.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kaplan, G. A.,
 and T. Camacho. 1983. "Perceived Health and Mortality: A Nine-Year
 Follow-Up of the Human Population Laboratory Cohort." >i>American Journal
 of Epidemiology>/i> 117: 292-304.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Nocera, S., and P. Zweifel. 1998. "The
 Demand for Health: An Empirical Test of the Grossman Model Using Panel
 Data." In >i>Health, the Medical Profession, and Regulation>/i>, ed. P.
 Zweifel, 35-49. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Orfila, F., M. Ferrer, R.
 Lamarca, C. Tebe, A. Domingo-Salvany, and J. Alonso. 2006. "Gender
 Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life Among the Elderly: The Role
 of Objective Functional Capacity and Chronic Conditions." >i>Social
 Science and Medicine>/i> 63: 2367-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sanders, B. S. 1964. "Measuring
 Community Health Levels." >i>American Journal of Public Health>/i> 54:
 1063-70.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Sullivan, D. F. 1971. "A Single Index of Mortality and
 Morbidity." >i>HSMHA Health Report>/i> 86: 347-54.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang Mei. 1997. "Longer
 Life Is Not Equal to Healthier Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Renmin
 University of China.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wannamethee, G., and A. G. Shaper. 1991.
 "Self-Assessment of Health Status and Mortality in Middle-Aged British
 Men." >i>International Journal of Epidemiology>/i> 20: 239-45.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:58-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V6P3323038231883 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of
 Statistics (NBS). 2005. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:1:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0850224016326W5K 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Babu G. Baradwaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Babu G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baradwaj 
Author-Name: Susan  Flaherty 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Flaherty 
Author-Name: Joanne  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Joanne  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: Are Chinese Banks Positioned to Compete in the Post-WTO Environment? 
Abstract:
 With the full liberalization of Chinese markets in 2007 due to China's
 membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinese banks are
 receiving more attention than ever on their readiness to compete with
 established foreign banks. We provide an explorative study to compare
 Chinese banks with U. S. banks in terms of bank size, growth rate,
 liquidity risk, profitability, efficiency, and capital adequacy. We
 believe that the Chinese banking reforms started in 1998 have achieved
 moderate success in preparing the Chinese banks to enter the international
 arena.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-75 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=10607437Q6X114X0 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Achhorner, Thomas,
 Johnson Chng, Holger Michaelis, and Tjun Tang. 2006. "Banking on China:
 Successful Strategies for Foreign Entrants." Boston Consulting Group.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bcg.com/publications/files/Banking_on_China_Successful_St
 rategies_May06.pdf'>www.bcg.com/publications/files/Banking_on_China_Succes
 sful_Strategies_May06.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bank for International Settlements, Basel
 Committee on Banking. 1988. "International Convergence of Capital
 Measurement and Capital Standards." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc111.htm'>www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc111.htm>
 /a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Bank for International Settlements, Basel Committee on Banking.
 2006. "International Convergence of Capital Measurements and Capital
 Standards." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128a.pdf'>www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128a.pdf>
 /a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Leung, M. K., and Ricky Y. K. Chan. 2006. "Are Foreign Banks
 Sure Winners in Post-WTO China?" >i>Business Horizons>/i> 49:
 221-34.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lo, Chi. 2006. "Chinese Bank Report Card." >i>International
 Economy>/i> (Spring): 52.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ma, Guonan. 2006. "Sharing China's Bank
 Restructuring Bill." >i>China & World Economy>/i> 14, no. 3:
 19-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:56-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haiwei  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Haiwei  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: James  Chong 
Author-X-Name-First: James  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong 
Author-Name: Changjiang  Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Changjiang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Kemin  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kemin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: The Effectiveness of Regulatory Policy Changes on the Volatility Dynamics of the Chinese Stock Markets 
Abstract:
 We investigate the effectiveness of two recent regulatory policy changes
 on the volatility dynamics of the Chinese A- and B-share markets. The
 opening of the B-share market to domestic Chinese investors significantly
 increases the dynamic conditional correlation between the two markets.
 Results from the GJR (Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle) model with dummy
 variables and the Markov switching model of Hamilton (1994) indicate a
 shift to a low-volatility regime in the B-share market. However, the
 subsequent opening of the A-share market to foreign investors has no
 measurable effect on volatility.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-23 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8675832025844312 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bekaert, G., and C.
 Harvey. 2002. "Research in Emerging Markets Finance: Looking to the
 Future." >i>Emerging Markets Review>/i> 3: 429-48.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bollerslev, T. 1986.
 "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 31: 307-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Brooks, R., and V. Ragunathan. 2003.
 "Returns and Volatility on the Chinese Stock Markets." >i>Applied
 Financial Economics>/i> 13: 747-52.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chan, K. C., H.-G. Fung, and S. Thapa.
 2007. "China Financial Research: A Review and Synthesis." >i>International
 Review of Economics and Finance>/i> 16: 416-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chelley-Steeley, P., and W.
 Qian. 2005. "Testing for Market Segmentation in the A- and B-Share Markets
 of China." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 15: 791-802.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, G. M., B.
 S. Lee, and O. Rui. 2001. "Foreign Ownership Restrictions and Market
 Segmentation in China's Stock Markets." >i>Journal of Financial
 Research>/i> 24: 133-55.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chiu, C. L., M. Lee, and C. D. Chen. 2005.
 "Removal of an Investment Restriction: The B-Share Experience from China's
 Stock Markets." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 15: 273-85.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Engle, R. F.,
 and G. G. J. Lee. 1999. "A Long-Run and Short-Run Component Model of Stock
 Return Volatility." In >i>Cointegration, Causality and Forecasting>/i>,
 ed. R. F. Engle and H. White, pp. 475-97. Oxford: Oxford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Engle, R. F., and K. Sheppard. 2001. "Theoretical and Empirical
 Properties of Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate GARCH." Working
 paper, University of California, San Diego.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Fama, E. 1998. "Market
 Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance." >i>Journal of
 Financial Economics>/i> 49: 283-306.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Glosten, L. R., R. Jagannathan, and D.
 E. Runkle. 1993. "On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the
 Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 48: 1779-801.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Granger, C. 1969. "Investigating Causal
 Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods."
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 37: 423-38.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hamilton, J. 1994. >i>Time Series
 Analysis>/i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> He, Y., C. Wu, and Y.
 M. Chen. 2003. "An Explanation of the Volatility Disparity Between the
 Domestic and Foreign Shares in the Chinese Stock Markets."
 >i>International Review of Economics and Finance>/i> 12: 171-86.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Huang, W.
 C., and Y. Zhu. 2004. "Are Shocks Asymmetric to Volatility of Chinese
 Stock Markets?" >i>Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and
 Policies>/i> 7: 379-95.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kearney, C., and B. Lucey. 2004.
 "International Equity Market Integration: Theory, Evidence and
 Implications." >i>International Review of Financial Analysis>/i> 13:
 571-83.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Laurence, M., F. Cai, and S. Qian. 1997. "Weak-Form Efficiency
 and Causality Tests in Chinese Stock Markets." >i>Multinational Finance
 Journal>/i> 1: 291-307.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Su, D., and B. Fleisher. 1999. "Why Does
 Return Volatility Differ in Chinese Stock Markets?" >i>Pacific Basin
 Finance Journal>/i> 7: 557-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yang, J. 2003. "Market Segmentation and
 Information Asymmetry in Chinese Stock Markets: A VAR Analysis."
 >i>Financial Review>/i> 38: 591-609.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>20</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yeh, Y., and T. Lee. 2000. "The
 Interaction and Volatility Asymmetry of Unexpected Shocks in Greater China
 Stock Markets." >i>Global Finance Journal>/i> 11: 129-49.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:5-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhen  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhen  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Chao  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chao  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Zhenhai  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: The Linkage Between the Fuel Oil Markets of Singapore and China 
Abstract:
 We examine the linkage between the Singapore and China fuel oil markets
 using cointegration and Granger causality tests. We find that the
 Singapore fuel oil spot price is positively correlated with the Shanghai
 fuel oil futures price and the Huangpu fuel oil spot price. The
 correlations are as high as 97.65 percent and 98.31 percent, respectively.
 The cointegration exists between the Singapore fuel oil price and the
 Shanghai and Huangpu fuel oil prices. The causality test shows that prices
 in Singapore and those in Shanghai and Huangpu are interrelated. In
 general, there is a strong linkage between the Singapore and China fuel
 oil markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-83 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=971012P100J42N56 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Campbell, John, and
 Robert Shiller. 1987. "Cointegration and Tests of Present Value Models."
 >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 9, no. 5: 1062-88.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Engle, Robert,
 and Clive Granger. 1987. "Cointegration and Error Correction,
 Representation, Estimation, and Testing." >i>Econometrica>/i> 55, no. 2:
 251-76.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hall, Anthony, Heather Anderson, and Clive Granger. 1992. "A
 Cointegration Analysis of Treasury Bill Yields." >i>Review of Economics
 and Statistics>/i> 74: 116-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hu Zheng. 1993. >i>Oil Market and Oil
 Futures Trading.>/i> Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Hu Zheng and Li Hui. 2002. "The Influence of the Singapore Fuel
 Oil Market on China." >i>International Petroleum Economy>/i> 10: 15-18 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Jiang Yang, Chu Juehai, and Li Hui. 2004. >i>Petroleum Futures
 Trading>/i> Beijing: China Finance Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Johansen, SÃ¸ren.
 1988. "Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors." >i>Journal of
 Economic Dynamic and Control>/i> 12: 231-54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:76-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Fang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Jun  Su 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Su 
Author-Name: Terence Tai-Leung Chong 
Author-X-Name-First: Terence Tai-Leung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong 
Title: Testing for Structural Change in the Nontradable Share Reform of the Chinese Stock Market 
Abstract:
 We test for structural change in the Chinese stock-price level caused by
 the nontradable share (NTS) reform. Using the net-of-market-trend
 stock-price series, we found that the NTS reform drives stock prices up in
 more than two-thirds of the cases. For the twenty-oneâday window, the
 effect of the NTS reform is significant. Half of the stock prices have a
 shift right after readmission. It is also found that stocks with
 bonus-share distribution proportion between 15 percent and 20 percent are
 more likely to have a downward shift in price than those with other
 proportions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-33 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G030W6053K016164 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Andrews, D. W. K. 1993.
 "Tests for Parameter Instability and Structural Change with Unknown Change
 Point." >i>Econometrica>/i> 61: 821-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chong, T. T. L. 2001. "Structural
 Change in AR(1) Models." >i>Econometric Theory>/i> 17: 87-155.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Chong, T. T.
 L., and Q. Su. 2007. "Determining the Contribution to Price Discovery for
 Chinese Cross-Listed Stocks." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 15:
 140-53.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chong, T. T. L., and Q. Su. 2006. "On the Comovement of A and H
 Shares." >i>The Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 5: 68-86.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mookerjee, R.,
 and Q. Yu. 1999. "An Empirical Analysis of the Equity Markets in China."
 >i>Review of Financial Economics>/i> 8: 41-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Tian, G. G., G. H. Wan, and
 M. Guo. 2002. "Market Efficiency and the Returns to Simple Technical
 Trading Rules: New Evidence from U. S. Equity Market and Chinese Equity
 Markets." >i>Asia-Pacific Financial Markets>/i> 9: 241-58.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, B. 2003.
 "Testing Speculative Bubbles in the Chinese Stock Market." >i>U. S.-China
 Business Review>/i> 3, no. 4: 28-36.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:24-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Winnie P.H. Poon 
Author-X-Name-First: Winnie P.H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poon 
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: The Effects of Credit Ratings on Stock Returns in China 
Abstract:
 Domestic credit-rating agencies in China have been criticized for having
 no effect on the decisions of investors. We examine whether credit ratings
 and rating outlooks of the listed companies that are assigned by Chinese
 rating agencies have any effect on their stock returns. We use the pooled
 time-series cross-sectional issuer-rating data of 160 companies that are
 listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from XinhuaâFar East
 China Credit Ratings (a Hong Kongâbased credit-ratings agency) for 2002
 to 2004. Using a simultaneous equation model, we offer new insights into
 the determinants of Chinese credit ratings and whether credit ratings
 affect stock returns. The results suggest that profitability, debt
 structure, firm size, and past stock performance are important factors in
 determining Chinese credit ratings and rating outlooks. The model shows
 that credit ratings and the stock performance of the rated companies
 simultaneously influence each other. Chinese credit ratings are important
 to the stock returns of the rated issuers in China. Our empirical results
 provide preliminary evidence that contrasts the conceptual argument that
 credit ratings in China are not important to investors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-55 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q13406123U668610 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank
 Institute (ADBI). 2004. "The Role of Credit Agencies in Development."
 >i>ADBI e-newsline>/i> (June 9). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.adbi.org/e-newsline/040609.html'>www.adbi.org/e-newsline/
 040609.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Baglole, J. 2004. "Chinese Credit Ratings: A Huge Leap of
 Faith." >i>Far Eastern Economic Review>/i> (January 8): 39-42.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Barron, M. J.,
 A. D. Clare, and S. H. Thomas. 1997. "The Effect of Bond Rating Changes
 and New Ratings on UK Stock Returns." >i>Journal of Business Finance and
 Accounting>/i> 24, no. 3: 497-509.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chan, Konan, and N. Jegadeesh. 2004.
 "Market-Based Evaluation for Models to Predict Bond Ratings." >i>Review of
 Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies>/i> 7: 153-92.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> China Chengxin
 Credit Management Co. (CCX). 2004. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ccx.com.cn'>www.ccx.com.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> China Chengxin International
 Credit Rating Co. (CCXI). 2004. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ccxi.com.cn'>www.ccxi.com.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> >i>China Daily.>/i> 1998a.
 "China: Nation's First Credit Rating JV Established," September 14.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe'>www.lexisnexis.com/universe>/a><
 /BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>
 >i>China Daily.>/i> 1998b. "China: Rating Agencies Expect Boost from
 Expanded Bond Market," September 21. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe'>www.lexisnexis.com/universe>/a><
 /BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>
 >i>China Daily.>/i> 2001. "Credit Rating System Growing," November 3.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe'>www.lexisnexis.com/universe>/a><
 /BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>
 China Lianhe Credit Rating Co. (Lianhe). 2004. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lianheratings.com.cn'>www.lianheratings.com.cn>/a></BIBTE
 XT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Dagong
 Global Credit Rating Co. (Dagong). 2004. Available at www.dagongcredit.com
 and >a target="_blank"
 href='http://218.30.101.58/dagong/english'>http://218.30.101.58/dagong/eng
 lish>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Elayan, Fayez A., Brian A. Maris, and Philip J. Young. 1996.
 "The Effect of Commercial Paper Rating Changes and Credit-Watch Placement
 on Common Stock Prices." >i>Financial Review>/i> 31: 149-67.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Fitch Ratings
 (Fitch). 2004. "Fitch Ratings Announces Divestment of China Chengxin
 International Credit Rating Co." Press release (Latest CDO/CDx Headlines),
 July 19, 2004.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Flannery, R. 2004. "Xinhua Shares the Wealth." >i>Forbes
 Magazine>/i> (February 9): 21. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.forbes.com/global'>www.forbes.com/global>/a></BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Goh, Jeremy
 C., and Louis H. Ederington. 1993. "Is a Bond Rating Downgrade Bad News,
 Good News, or No News for Stockholders?" >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 48, no.
 5: 2001-8.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Hand, John M., Robert W. Holthausen, and Richard W. Leftwich.
 1992. "The Effect of Bond Rating Agency Announcements on Bond and Stock
 Prices." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 47: 733-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Harrison, M. 2003.
 >i>Asia-Pacific Securities Markets>/i>, 4th ed. Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell
 Asia.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Holthausen, Robert W., and Richard W. Leftwich. 1986. "The
 Effect of Bond Rating Changes on Common Stock Prices." >i>Journal of
 Financial Economics>/i> 17: 57-89.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Judge, George G., W. E. Griffiths, R.
 Carter Hill, Helmut Lutkepohl, and Tsoung-Chao Lee. 1985. >i>The Theory
 and Practice of Econometrics>/i>, 2d ed. New York: John Wiley and
 Sons.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>20</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Kennedy, S. 2003. "China's Credit Rating Agencies Struggle for
 Relevance." >i>China Business Review>/i> (November-December):
 36-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kennedy, S. 2004. "China's Languishing Credit-Rating Industry:
 Canary in the Mine?" Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the
 Association for Asian Studies, San Diego, March 4-7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Kliger, Doron, and Oded
 Sarig. 2000. "The Information Value of Bond Ratings." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 55, no. 6: 2879-902.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kumar, K., and J. D. Haynes. 2003.
 "Forecasting Credit Ratings Using an ANN and Statistical Techniques."
 >i>International Journal of Business Studies>/i> 11: 91-98.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Lunsford, P.
 2004. "Credit Ratings in China Can Be Mere Guesswork."
 CollectionIndustry.com, January 9. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.hkccma.com/forum_creditingguess.htm'>www.hkccma.com/forum
 _creditingguess.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Moody's Corporation (Moody's). 1999.
 "Moody's and Dagong Credit Rating, China, Form Cooperative Agreement."
 >i>Shareholder RelationsâNews Release>/i>, July 30, 1999.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> People's Bank of
 China (PBOC). 1997. "Announcement of PBOCâApproved Credit-Rating
 Agencies of Corporate Bonds," December 16. China InfoBank Database,
 accessed June 29, 2004 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>27</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Poon, P. H. Winnie, and Kam C. Chan.
 2008. "An Empirical Examination of the Informational Content of Credit
 Ratings in China." >i>Journal of Business Research>/i>,
 forthcoming.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Shanghai Far East Credit Rating Co. (SFE). 2004. Available at
 >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.fareast-cr.com'>www.fareast-cr.com>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> SinoCast China
 Business Daily News (SinoCast). 2003. "Moody Settles Down in Beijing,"
 April 9. ProQuest On-line Database, accessed October 16, 2003.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>30</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Standard &
 Poor's Ratings Services (S&P). 2000. >i>Corporate Ratings Criteria>/i>.
 New York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>31</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P).
 2003. "Corporate Governance in China." >i>Country Governance Study>/i>
 (November).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>32</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P). 2004. "S&P Long-Term
 Issuer Credit Ratings Definitions." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www2.standardandpoors.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=sp
 /sp_article/ArticleTemplate&c=sp_article&cid=1021558138770'>www2.standarda
 ndpoors.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=sp/sp_article/ArticleTemplate
 &c=sp_article&cid=1021558138770>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Standard & Poor's Credit Training
 Services (S&P CTS). 2000. >i>Corporate Credit Risk Analysis Training and
 Reference Materials>/i>.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> State Council in China (State Council).
 1993. "Regulations on the Management of Corporate Bonds," August 2. China
 InfoBank Database, accessed July 7, 2003 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> United States
 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 2005. "Credit Rating Agencies:
 NRSROs." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm'>www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm>
 /a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>36</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Z. 2004. "Financial Ratio Selection for Default-Rating
 Modeling: A Model-Free Approach and Its Empirical Performance." >i>Journal
 of Applied Finance>/i> 14: 20-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>37</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> XinhuaâFar East China Credit Ratings
 (XinhuaâFar East). 2003. "XinhuaâFar East China Credit Rating:
 Pioneering Undertaking to Rank Credit Risks of Enterprises in China."
 Rating methodology paper.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xinhua Finance Network (XFN). 2004.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.xfn.com'>www.xfn.com>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Xinhua News Agency (Xinhua). 1999.
 "Moody's Signs Cooperative Agreement with Chinese Rating Agency," July 30.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe'>www.lexisnexis.com/universe>/a><
 /BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:2:p:34-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shaozhuang  Ma 
Author-X-Name-First: Shaozhuang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma 
Author-Name: Virginia  Trigo 
Author-X-Name-First: Virginia  
Author-X-Name-Last: Trigo 
Title: Winning the War for Managerial Talent in China: An Empirical Study 
Abstract:
 The continuous growth of the Chinese economy for the past thirty years has
 given rise to an increasing number of firms of all types operating in the
 country. The educational system has not been able to produce sufficient
 qualified professionals at the same rate, turnover is on the rise, and the
 war for talent is intense. Under the circumstances, the best strategy for
 a company wishing to compete in the market is to retain its existing
 talent. How can this be achieved? What determines job satisfaction and
 turnover intentions of the young generation of Chinese professionals in a
 very dynamic labor market? These are the questions dealt with in this
 study.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-57 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:34-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuming  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=CL16QJU8X4113047 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Shuming. 2001.
 >i>Research on Human Resource Management.>/i> Beijing: Renmin University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Shuming. 2005. >i>International Business: Human Resource
 Management.>/i> 3d ed. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John  Hulpke 
Author-X-Name-First: John  
Author-X-Name-Last: Hulpke 
Author-Name: Cubie  Lau 
Author-X-Name-First: Cubie  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lau 
Title: Business Ethics in China: A Human Resource Management Issue? 
Abstract:
 China is widely perceived as having a problem in business ethics. One view
 holds that elements of Chinese culture tend to encourage unethical
 business decisions. Another perspective says that China has business
 ethics issues because its economy is in transition. The unclear rules of
 the game create opportunity for business ethics problems. The large amount
 of new wealth creates incentive to cut corners to get rich. Thus China,
 perhaps more than more developed economies, is seen as having business
 ethics problems. However, good business ethics help a society as a whole,
 and some say that good ethics can be a source of competitive advantage for
 an organization. Steps can be taken to improve Chinese business ethics at
 the societal level, at the individual level, and, importantly for this
 paper, at the organizational level. In addition to ethical leadership, we
 believe that one key to improving ethics at the organizational level is
 human resource management. Improvement can be made in the areas of
 recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, performance management,
 compensation, and benefits. Personnel policies can help ensure ethical
 conduct within the organization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-67 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DJ51482144755117 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:58-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rujin  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Rujin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Title: A Study of Chinese-Style Management in the Twenty-First Century 
Abstract:
 Management is a science imbued with practicality. Chinese society is
 striving to maintain harmony while undergoing construction. This
 unprecedented venture has enormous implications for management in the
 broadest sense. Chinese-style management in the twenty-first century is
 based on 5,000 years of history and culture in China. The He-he philosophy
 is a basic guiding principle and an important historical model. He-he
 management works on the principle of making the past serve the present,
 and making foreign things serve China. It is a managerial science that
 brings together the reality of China's reforms and opening-up to a market
 economy, useful aspects of foreign managerial thought and practice, and
 the enduring characteristics of China's ancient cultural heritage.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-16 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LP81X0570M55464X 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Brandenburger, Adam M.,
 and Barry J. Nalebuf. 2000. >i>Co-opetition.>/i> Hefei: Anhui People's
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:7-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuming  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Huifang  Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Huifang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Philippe  Leliaert 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe  
Author-X-Name-Last: Leliaert 
Author-Name: Albert A. Angehrn 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Angehrn 
Author-Name: Leo  van Geffen 
Author-X-Name-First: Leo  
Author-X-Name-Last: van Geffen 
Title: Understanding the Organizational Dynamics of Change in China: A Multimedia Simulation Approach 
Abstract:
 As organizational change, and in particular change driven by information
 and communication technology, has become an important way to improve the
 efficiency of business processes, more and more organizations are paying
 increasing attention to helping their managers acquire the necessary
 knowledge and skills to better manage such change. This research paper
 describes the design of the LingHe Simulation, a computer-based
 interactive multimedia simulation which models the dynamics of
 organizational change in a typical Chinese business environment. The
 simulation aims to stimulate and enhance managerial understanding of
 organizational resistance to change and of how to more effectively
 implement changes. The simulation was tested on both Western and Chinese
 managers in a series of workshops, and the paper further examines its
 effectiveness as an innovative learning tool and technique for improving
 their understanding of the organizational dynamics and the corresponding
 knowledge and skill needed to manage organizational change in a Chinese
 environment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-89 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MK102U853725K177 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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 Angehrn, L. van Geffen, P. Leliaert, and H.F. Yang. 2005. "Change Process
 and Resistance to Change in Business Organizations in China." >i>European
 Journal of Scientific Research>/i> 3, no. 2: 27-45. 90-101.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:68-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuming  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Huifang  Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Huifang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: Management Practices in High-Tech Environments and Enterprises in the People's Republic of China 
Abstract:
 The Chinese government has paid a great deal of attention to building
 high-tech industrial parks or development zones since China began the
 policy of economic reform and opening to the outside world in 1978. This
 paper introduces Chinese government policies toward the high-tech
 environment and establishing high-tech economic development zones. It
 discusses current managerial practices and problems in Chinese high-tech
 enterprises. Based on the qualities of knowledge innovation and venture
 capital management of high-tech enterprises, it proposes a series of
 effective measures to set up a new managerial system that is suitable,
 from the perspective of both the government and the enterprises, for
 managing Chinese high-tech enterprises. The new high-tech enterprise
 management system can ultimately help to improve China's independent
 innovation capability, enhance core competencies and core competitive
 technology in the global high-tech environment, and make the development
 of Chinese high-tech enterprises realize internationalization,
 industrialization, and marketization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 17-33 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=VM10U356M2G11822 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, A., and Y. Yang.
 2004. "The Analysis on Technology Innovation Modes in Zhongguancun Science
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 "Developmental Gap Between West and East China's High-Tech Development
 Zones." >i>China Science & Technology Industry Parks>/i> 4:
 54-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Duan, R. 2004. "Considerations on Innovation Strategy and Policy
 Environment in Chinese Enterprises." >i>Science and Technology Industry of
 China>/i> 12: 5-8.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Gao, F., and M. Ye 2006. "Design on Salary Management
 Model for R&D Staff in High-Technology Enterprise." >i>Journal of Shenyang
 Institute of Engineering>/i> 1: 54-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Jiang, M. 2006. "Measurement on
 Technological Innovation of Enterprises and the Impact on the Adjustment
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 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, C. 2004. "Exploiting the Ways for
 Innovation and Industrialization in High Technology in Undeveloped Areas
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 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Li, S., and X. Zhang. 2003.
 "A Brief Analysis About the Choice of High-Tech Development Strategies of
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      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Li, W., and
 Y. Zhao. 2006. "Study on the Development Modes for High-Tech Enterprise."
 >i>Forum on Science and Technology in China>/i> 2: 86-88.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liao, J., Z. Li,
 and L. Xia. 2004. "Analysis on the Developmental Situation and Success
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 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ma, S. 2005. "High-Tech Development Zone:
 The Base of High-Tech Enterprise Cluster." >i>China Venture Capital and
 High-Tech>/i> 7: 4-5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Meng, D. 2005. "The Comparison of Silicon
 Valley and Zhongguancun Science Park." >i>Journal of Southeast University
 (Philosophy and Social Science)>/i> 7: 42-44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
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    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sheng, S., and L. Wang. 2004. "Study
 on the Growth Mechanism of Middle and Small High-Tech Enterprises Based on
 Industrial Cluster." >i>Science and Technology Progress and Policy>/i> 12:
 4-6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Song, W. 2005. "Developmental Countermeasures on High-Tech
 Development Zones." >i>West-China Exploration Engineering>/i> 11:
 466-67.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sun, J. 2003. "Investigation Report on Enterprise Incubator in
 Beijing and Tianjin." >i>Shanxi Science and Technology>/i> 6:
 74-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sun, S., and H. Liu. 2005. "Countermeasures of Developing
 Chinese High-Tech Enterprises Based on Fostering Innovative Networking in
 High-Tech Development Zones." >i>Decision-Making & Consultancy News
 Letter>/i> 16: 56-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tong, X. 2004. "Analysis on the Factors
 in Regional Decision-Making in High-Tech Development Zones."
 >i>High-Technology and Industrialization>/i> 10: 49-50.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, A. 2005.
 "Innovation Research of High-Technology Enterprise: Strategic Thinking
 Model." >i>Studies in Science of Science>/i> 23S: 146-51.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, C., and Z.
 Zeng. 2006. "The Development Trend of High-Tech Industries in China."
 >i>China Venture Capital & High-Tech>/i> 2: 17-18.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, D., F. Fang, et al.
 2006. "Empirical Study on Cooperation of R&D Networks in Chinese High-Tech
 Enterprises." >i>Economic Theory and Business Management>/i> 4:
 62-66.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, H., Y. Zhang, and S. Guo. 2003. "The Characteristics and
 Essence of the Culture of Science and Technology Parks." >i>Journal of
 China University of Geosciences>/i>>i>(Social Sciences Edition)>/i> 2:
 66-68.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>22</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, J. 2005. "Analysis on Network System of High-Tech
 Industrial Cluster." >i>Modern Management Science>/i> 7: 38-39.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wang, Y.,
 and F. Hu. 2006. "New Characteristics of World High-Tech Industry
 Development and Chinese Responses." >i>Journal of Shijiazhuang
 University>/i> 2: 108-13.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, C. 2005. "A Research on Financing
 Characters of High-Tech Enterprise." >i>Journal of Beijing Economic
 Management Institute>/i> 4: 21-25.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, J. 2005. "Breaking Through the
 Bottleneck of Financing, Realizing Industrial Cluster, and Creating the
 New Stage of Innovation in High-Tech Development Zone." >i>China Venture
 Capital and High-Tech>/i> 7: 1.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, L. 2004. "Industrial Cluster: The
 Strategic Choice of Economic Development in High-Tech Development Zones."
 >i>Forum on Science and Technology in China>/i> 5: 25-28.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yang, S. 2004.
 "Analysis on Community Elements in High Tech Development Zones."
 >i>Science & Technology Progress and Policy>/i> 9: 84-86.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yao, F. 2006.
 "Development and Strategic Choice of Chinese High-Tech Industries Under
 Uncertain Environment. >i>Sciences and Science and Technology
 Management>/i> 1: 176-77.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>29</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yao, Z. 2005. "Design of the 5 Dimension
 Degree Frames of High Technology of Enterprise Achievement Appraisement
 Index System." >i>Modern Finance and Economics>/i> 10: 61-64.</BIBTEXT>   
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 "Why Managerial Team Construction Lags in Economic Development Zones.
 >i>China Personnel Newspaper>/i>, March 24.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>31</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, M., and J. Li. 2003.
 "The Relationship Between the Construction of High-Tech Development Zone
 of University and Regional Economy." >i>Science & Technology Progress and
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 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Z. 2004. "An Analysis on
 Development Theory of High- and New Technology Industrial Zone."
 >i>Journal of Xi'an University of Post and Telecommunications>/i> 4:
 75-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>33</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, B., S. Guo, et al. 2005. "Considerations on Accelerating
 the Development of High Tech Industries." >i>Inquiry into Economic
 Problems>/i> 3: 126-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, M., and D. Zhou. 2005. "Human
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 Business: Human Resource Management.>/i> Nanjing: Nanjing University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhong, S. 2004. "The Developmental Trend of Science and
 Technology Development Zones in the Future." >i>Sciences and Science and
 Technology Management>/i> 6: 66-69.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>37</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhou, G. 2005. "Science & Technology
 Park: "Racing to Control the âCommanding Elevationâ in High-Tech
 Industry." >i>Zhongguancun>/i> 11: 82-84.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>38</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhu, J., and G. Wang. 2004. "The
 Policy of High Tech Industry in Britain." >i>Economic Review>/i> 5:
 49-51.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>39</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Y. 2004. "The Confinement Factor of High and New Technology
 Industry Development and the Countermeasures." >i>Journal of Chongqing
 Institute of Technology>/i> 4: 63-65.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>40</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Z., and Y. Cheng. 2004. "Analysis
 on the Function, Status and Success Factors of High-Tech Parks in the
 Industrial Development." >i>Social Sciences Journal of ECUST>/i> 4:
 55-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:17-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Di  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Di  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Nelson Santos AntÃ³nio 
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Santos 
Author-X-Name-Last: AntÃ³nio 
Title: The Frozen River Model and Chinese State-Owned Hospital Reform 
Abstract:
 More than 96 percent of Chinese hospitals are nominally state-owned.
 Chinese state-owned hospitals are facing several problems and challenges.
 The frozen river model explains why privatization might be the appropriate
 path to Chinese state-owned hospital reform.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 90-101 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W37620K70J2141M6 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> American Hospital
 Association. 2005. >i>The Costs of Caring: Sources of Growth in Spending
 for Hospital Care>/i>, available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.aha.org'>www.aha.org>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> American Law Institute. 1994.
 >i>Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations.>/i>
 St. Paul, MN.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, Gerard F., Peter S. Hussey, Bianca K. Frogner, and
 Hugh R. Waters. 2005. "Health Spending in the United States and the Rest
 of the Industrialized World." >i>Health Affairs>/i> 24, no. 4:
 903-14.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Aoki, Masahiko. 2001. >i>Toward a Comparative Institutional
 Analysis.>/i> Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Barzelay, Michael. 1992. >i>Breaking
 Through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing in Government.>/i>
 Berkeley: University of California Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chow, Gregory C. 2002. >i>China's
 Economic Transformation.>/i> Oxford: Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Eldenburg, Leslie, and
 Benjamin E. Hermalin. 2001. >i>Hospital Governance, Performance
 Objectives, and Organizational Form.>/i> NBER (National Bureau of Economic
 Research), April. Working paper series, available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.nber.org/papers/w8201'>www.nber.org/papers/w8201>/a></BIB
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 Gregory, Paul R., and Robert C. Stuart. 1992. >i>Comparative Economic
 Systems>/i>, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
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 nian Shanghai âsan-yiâ liandong gaige di mubiao moshi he zhidu tixi de
 silu yanjiu" (A Conceptual Study of the Objective Model and Institutional
 System for Shanghai's "Three Medical Care" Integrated Reform Up to 2010).
 Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Management, November.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Hurst, J., and
 L. Siciliani. 2003. "Tackling Excessive Waiting Times for Elective
 Surgery: A Comparison of Policies in Twelve OECD Countries." OECD Health
 Working Paper. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
 Paris, July 7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Liu, Yuanli, and Peter Berman. 2006. "Healthcare in China:
 The Role of Non-Government Providers." >i>Health Policy>/i> 77: 212-20,
 available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.elsevier.com/locate/healthpol'>www.elsevier.com/locate/he
 althpol>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Monks, Robert A.G., and Nell Minow. 2001. >i>Corporate
 Governance.>/i> Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>13</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Moore, Mark H. 1996. >i>Creating
 Public Value: Strategic Management in Government.>/i> Cambridge: Harvard
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Mossialos, Elias, and Julian Le Grand. 1999. >i>Healthcare
 and Cost Containment in the European Union.>/i> Brookfield, VT:
 Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Santerre, Rexford E., and John A. Vernon. 2005. "Hospital
 Ownership Mix Efficiency in the US: An Exploratory Study." NBER (National
 Bureau of Economic Research), March. Working paper series, available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.nber.org/papers/w11192'>www.nber.org/papers/w11192>/a></B
 IBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>
 Zhao, Di. 2006. "Privatization Is a Breakthrough of Chinese Hospital
 System Reform." >i>Chinese Health Economics>/i> 25, no. 7: 7-10.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Di,
 and Nelson AntÃ³nio. 2006. "Privatization of China's State-Owned
 Hospitals: A Breakthrough for the Reform." >i>Global Economics and
 Management Review>/i> 11, no. 3: 71-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:3:p:90-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ping  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ping  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Xiahui  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiahui  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Mechanisms for Learning by Doing, Low-Cost Competition, and Changes in Growth Paths 
Abstract:
 The change in the model of economic growth in China has become common
 knowledge. But most of the analyses are limited to the macro level and
 lack discussion on the mechanism of micro behavior. The present article
 starts with an analysis of the evolution of "learning by doing" and
 presents an overtaking-type supply curve. It then explores the mass action
 of an arbitrage-type, low-cost competition model arising from learning by
 doing and, from perspectives of both theory and fact, explains the
 endogenous evolution and combination method of technical factors in the
 economic growth of China. The article finally reaches the conclusion that
 changes in economic growth may be promoted by way of supply policy and
 further market reforms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-76 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=26323W07823KN124 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Frontier Task Force on
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 2005. "Capital Input and Total Factor Productivity Estimation in China."
 >i>World Economy>/i> 12 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>29</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wang Hongling, Li Daokui, and Feng
 Junxin. 2006. "FDI and Self-Research and Development: Empirical Research
 Based on Industrial Data." >i>Economic Studies>/i> 2 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>30</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Wang Hongmiao. 2006. "Shift of Growth Model in Western
 Economy."</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Wang Mengkui, ed. 2005. >i>Key Issues in Medium and Long-Term
 Development in China.>/i> Beijing: China Development Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Bank.
 1994. >i>The East Asian Miracle.>/i> Beijing: China Financial and Economic
 Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2003a. >i>Reflections on East
 Asia Miracle.>/i> Beijing: China Renmin University Press (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2003b. >i>An East Asian Renaissance.>/i> Beijing:
 China Renmin University Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>35</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2004. >i>China's
 Eleventh Five-Year Plan.>/i> World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>36</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Wu Jinglian. 2005. >i>Options of Growth Models in China.>/i>
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 <BIBL>37</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xian Guoming and Yi Bing. 2005.
 "Spillover Effect of FDI on Innovative Abilities in China." >i>World
 Economy>/i> 10 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yi Gang, Fan Gang, and Li Yan. 2003.
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 Productivity in China." >i>Economic Studies>/i> 8 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
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 2 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:54-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=82G542328102J1W8 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renwu  Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Renwu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: Trade Environments of Chinese Farmers in the Globalization System and Countermeasures 
Abstract:
 Ever since China's joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and
 integration into the globalization system, Chinese farmers have faced
 tremendous challenges. With the pressure in farm produce imports, the drop
 in prices, increase in trade deficits, and rise in unemployment rates,
 Chinese farmers are becoming less and less competitive in the global
 market. Chinese farmers are now faced with an increasingly unbalanced
 trade environment and a formidable gap with developed countries in terms
 of resources. The dualistic structure results in a systematic congenital
 deficiency for farmers, and trade protectionism on the part of developed
 countries adds to their miseries. Due to delay in the direct or indirect
 influence of joining the WTO and a series of countermeasures adopted by
 the Chinese government, Chinese farmers who are inured to severe hardship
 have not felt the impact of such a shock wave as yet. But this does not
 mean that there will be no impact. In order to fundamentally solve the
 problems faced by Chinese farmers, we must adopt a multifaceted approach
 of "combination blows" which not only put in place stopgap measures but
 also effect a permanent cure.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-36 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9157117R17X50624 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, Jinsong. 2006.
 "Analysis of 2005 Rural Economic Situation in China and Outlook of 2006."
 >i>Chinese Rural Economy>/i> 2 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Du, Zhixiong, and Weimin Li.
 2006. "Basic Situation and Trend in World Agricultural Development."
 >i>Journal of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences>/i> (March 30) (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Land and Resources. 2006. >i>2005 China National
 Land and Resources Bulletin>/i> (April 18).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics
 (NBS). 2006. "2005 Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social
 Development of the People's Republic of China." >i>Economic Daily>/i>
 (March 1).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Oxfam International. 2005. "From Development to Naked
 Self-Interest: The Doha Development Round Has Lost Its Way." Oxfam policy
 paper (July 27).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Task Force on Rural Construction, Rural Development
 Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 2006. "Series of Thoughts
 on New Rural Construction" (March 30).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Xiaoshan. 2006. "Several
 Theoretical and Practical Issues in the New Rural Construction."
 >i>Journal of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences>/i> (March 30) (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Gang, et al. 2006. "Support System of Socialist New Rural
 Construction." >i>Journal of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences>/i>
 (March 30) (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:23-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianhai  Cao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianhai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao 
Title: Is Competition Always Effective?: The Theoretical Basis of Excessive Competition 
Abstract:
 As the core of economics, the development of competition theory is nearly
 as long as the entire historical evolution of the discipline. However,
 generally speaking, the methods of this research context are mainly
 limited to idealistic, static, and equilibrium analysis. They thus do not
 very well explain market failure and the fierce nature of competition.
 Their blind belief that competition definitely promotes economic
 efficiency also causes them to neglect the study of excessive competition,
 a common phenomenon in economic life. In the present article, the author
 believes, from an economic perspective at least, that competition is
 indeed unduly intensified and that it has also led to excessive
 competition with losses in both economic efficiency and economic welfare.
 In circumstances of excessive competition, the policies made by the
 government to restrict potential competitors might not be reasonable. It
 is more important to be strict in distinguishing the following two
 arguments from each other: whether or not there is excessive competition
 and whether or not we should put restrictions on competition. On this
 basis we can then identify policy instruments to remove immediate causes
 of excessive competition.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-104 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J224200U547H3233 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:77-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yudong  Qi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yudong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi 
Author-Name: Xuexin  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xuexin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Zhili  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhili  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Governance Model Reform in Natural Monopoly Industries: The Practice of Developed Countries and the Reality of China 
Abstract:
 The problem of corporate governance structure is currently one of the
 crucial issues that restrict further reform of the natural monopoly
 industries in China. This article defines the objectives of corporate
 governance in natural monopoly industries, and cites the electric power
 industry as an example to analyze the characteristics of the governance
 structure of natural monopoly industries in developed countries such as
 Great Britain and the United States. It then provides analyses of the
 types of governance structure in China's natural monopoly industries and
 their existing problems. The authors propose the future direction and
 measures regarding reform of the corporate governance structure in the
 natural monopoly industries in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-22 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q453772167262874 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, Mei, and Liang
 Luo. 2005. "Issues of Corporate Governance in the Context of Network-Type
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 <BIBTEXT> Hu, Entong. 2006. "Marketization Reform in the U. S. Electric
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 <BIBTEXT> Li, Xia. 2005. "Concept of Governance Model in Natural Monopoly
 Industries." >i>Economic System Reform>/i> 1 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Megginson, W.,
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 <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
 2005. >i>Governance in China.>/i></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic Cooperation and
 Development (OECD). 2002. >i>Regulatory Policies in OECD Countries: From
 Interventionism to Regulatory Governance.>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Qi, Yudong, and Xuexin Liu.
 2006. "Competitive Status in Monopoly Industries in China and Policy
 Recommendations." >i>Economic Management>/i> 1 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Bank.
 2004. >i>Reforming Infrastructure: Privatization, Regulation, and
 Competition.>/i> Policy research report.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Li. 2004. "On the Selection
 of Governance Model for Public Utilities Enterprises." >i>Management
 Review>/i> 10.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:5-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li  Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Li  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Author-Name: Xuliang  Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xuliang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Misunderstandings and Explanations of "Excessive Competition": "Incremental" Thought on Anti-Monopoly Legislation in China 
Abstract:
 This article attempts to analyze the ambiguities of the concept of
 "excessive competition" from the perspectives of structure, behavior,
 performance, and policy. In view of the various misunderstandings
 associated with the concept, the article also cites the automobile,
 pharmaceutical, coal, and textile industries as examples. Using the basic
 theory of industrial economics, the authors attempt to provide systematic
 explanations. "Excessive competition" itself is a paradoxical
 pseudo-proposition, and on this basis, the authors propose "differential
 treatment" for administrative monopoly and "incremental" thought on
 anti-monopoly legislation in policy arguments.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-53 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=RH40T76R2H3515NK 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bain, J. 1956.
 >i>Barriers to New Competition.>/i> Cambridge: Harvard University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Bain, J. 1959. >i>Industrial Organization.>/i> New York: John
 Wiley.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Brock, James, and Walter Adams. 2004. >i>Structure of American
 Industry>/i>, 11th ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cao Jianhai.
 2000. >i>On Excessive Competition.>/i> Beijing: China Renmin University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng Yuan. 2006. "What Are the Main Reasons for Production
 Capacity Surplus in the Automobile Industry?" >i>China Youth Daily>/i>,
 February 23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Clark, John M. 1940. "Toward a Concept of Workable Competition."
 >i>American Economic Review>/i> 30, no. 2.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Komiya, Ryutaro, Masahiro
 Okuno, and Kotaro Suzumura. 1988. >i>Industrial Policy of Japan.>/i>
 Beijing: International Culture Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lin Ping. 2005. "Several
 Basic Issues on the Establishment of the Anti-Monopoly Legal System in
 China." >i>Management World>/i> 8 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Luo Yunhui and Luo Dawei.
 2002. "Theoretical Foundation for the Existence of Excessive Competition
 in the Market Economy." >i>Economic Science>/i> 4 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Tang Xiaohua
 and Su Meimei. 2003. "Measure Benchmark and Clustering Analysis for
 Excessive Competition of Industry." >i>China Industrial Economy>/i> 6 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Vickers, John S. 1995. "Concepts of Competition." >i>Oxford
 Economic Papers>/i> 47, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang Junyong. 2006. "Continue
 Standardizing Newspaper and Periodical Distribution and Prevent Rebounding
 of Vicious Competition." >i>Guangming Daily>/i>, June 28.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yu Li. 1991.
 "Analysis of Entry and Exit Barriers for State-Owned Enterprises."
 >i>Economic Studies>/i> 8 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yu Li and Ma Jun. 2000. "New
 Thoughts on the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises in China and the
 Construction of Governance Structure." In >i>Corporate Governance
 Structure: Chinese Practice and American Experience>/i>, ed. Liang Neng.
 Beijing: China Renmin University Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yu Li and Wu Xuliang.
 2006. "Launching of Anti-Monopoly Law: Shall We Speed Up or Shall We Slow
 Down?" >i>China Economic Times>/i>, February 24 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Yu Li, Yu Zuo,
 and Tian Kun. 2006. "Abnormal Drug Prices in China." >i>Newspaper of
 Economics>/i>, October 6 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>17</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Zhang Shuguang. 2006. "âLeudsâ
 and âLordsâ in Government Competition." >i>China Economic Times>/i>,
 November 14 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:4:p:37-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Gerald Yong Gao 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerald Yong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao 
Author-Name: Jingyong  Lu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jingyong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu 
Author-Name: Haim  Mano 
Author-X-Name-First: Haim  
Author-X-Name-Last: Mano 
Title: Impact of Competitive Position on Export Propensity and Intensity: An Empirical Study of Manufacturing Firms in China 
Abstract:
 Competitive industry position has an impact on firms' export propensity
 and intensity. The resource-based view and the
 structure-conduct-performance paradigm of firm behavior are used to
 investigate whether firms with a competitive industry position through
 cost leadership or differentiation strategy have different export
 behaviors. Longitudinal data for 213,662 manufacturing firms in China from
 1998 to 2005 show that firms that have competitive advantages in the
 domestic market are more likely to export and have higher levels of export
 intensity. Indigenous and foreign manufacturing firms exhibit different
 patterns of export behavior. Foreign firms with differentiation advantages
 focus on local market expansion instead of seeking opportunity in export
 markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 51-67 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=035411672H542775 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aulakh, P. S., M.
 Kotabe, and H. Teegen. 2000. "Export Strategies and Performance of Firms
 from Emerging Economies: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and Mexico."
 >i>Academy of Management Journal>/i> 43, no. 3: 342-61.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Barney, J. 1991.
 "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." >i>Journal of
 Management>/i> 17, no. 1: 99-121.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barney, J. 2002. >i>Gaining and sustaining
 competitive advantage.>/i> New Jersey: Prentice Hall.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Berman, S. L., A.
 C. Wicks, S. Kotha, and T. M. Jones. 1999. "Does Stakeholder Orientation
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 Financial Performance." >i>Academy of Management Journal>/i> 42, no. 5:
 488-506.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Calof, J. 1994. "The Relationship between Firm Size and Export
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 no. 2: 367-87.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Cavusgil, S. T. and S. Zou. 1994. "Marketing
 Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link
 in Export Market Ventures." >i>Journal of Marketing>/i> 58, no. 1:
 1-21.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> David, J. S., Y. Hwang, B. K. W. Pei, and J. H. Reneau. 2002.
 "The Performance Effects of Congruence between Product Competitive
 Strategies and Purchasing Management Design." >i>Management Science>/i>
 48, no. 7: 866-85.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Day, G. S. 1994. "The Capabilities of Market-Driven
 Organizations." >i>Journal of Marketing>/i> 58, no. 4: 37-52.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> FernÃ¡ndez, Z.
 and M. J. Nieto. 2006. "Impact of Ownership on the International
 Involvement of SMEs." >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 37,
 no. 3: 340-51.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Holzmuller, H. H. and B. Stottinger. 1996. "Structural
 Modeling of Success Factors in Exporting: Cross-Validation and Further
 Development of an Export Performance Model." >i>Journal of International
 Marketing>/i> 4, no. 2: 29-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ito, K. 1997. "Domestic Competitive
 Position and Export Strategy of Japanese Manufacturing Firms: 1971-1985."
 >i>Management Science>/i> 43, no. 5: 610-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ito, K., and V. Pucik. 1993.
 "R&D Spending, Domestic Compensation, and Export Performance of Japanese
 Manufacturing Firms." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 14, no. 1:
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 <BIBTEXT> Johanson, J. and J. E. Vahlne. 1977. "The Internationalization
 Process of the Firm: A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing
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 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Johanson, J. and J. E. Vahlne. 1990. "The
 Mechanism of Internationalization." >i>International Marketing Review>/i>
 7, no. 4:11-25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>   
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     <BIBTEXT> Makadok, R. 2001. "Towards a Synthesis of Resource-Based and
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 <BIBTEXT> Naidu, G. M., and V. K. Prasad. >i>1994>/i>. "Predictions of
 Export Strategy and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Firms."
 >i>Journal of Business Research>/i> 31, no. 1/2: 107-15.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Nair, A., and L.
 Filter. 2004. "Contegration of Firm Strategies Within Groups: A Long-Run
 Analysis of Firm Behavior in the Japanese Steel Industry." >i>Strategic
 Management Journal>/i> 24, no. 2: 145-59.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>20</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Porter, M. E. 1985. >i>Competitive
 Advantage.>/i> New York: Free Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
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 Advantage of Nations.>/i> New York: Free Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
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 Porter. 2001. "Competing at Home to Win Abroad: Evidence from Japanese
 Industry." >i>Review of Economics and Statistics>/i> 83, no. 2:
 310-22.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Salomon, R. and J. M. Shaver. 2005. "Export and Domestic Sales:
 Their Interrelationship and Determinants." >i>Strategic Management
 Journal>/i> 26, no. 9: 855-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Spanos, Y. E., G. Zaralis, and S.
 Lioukas. 2004. "Strategy and Industry Effects on Profitability: Evidence
 from Greece." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 25, no. 2:
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 <BIBTEXT> Teece, D. J., G. Pisano, and A. Shuen. 1997. "Dynamic
 Capabilities and Strategic Management." >i>Strategic Management
 Journal>/i> 18, no. 7:509-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
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 Development (UNCTAD). 2006. >i>Handbook of Statistics of 2006.>/i> New
 York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wernerfelt, B. 1984. "A Resource-based
 View of the Firm." >i>Strategic Management Journal>/i> 5, no. 2:
 171-82.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>28</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, H., and S. Zou. 2002. "The Impact of Industry
 Concentration and Firm Location on Export Propensity and Intensity: An
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 International Marketing>/i> 10, no. 1: 52-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:5:p:51-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stella E. Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Stella E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Author-Name: Betty S. Coffey 
Author-X-Name-First: Betty S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coffey 
Author-Name: Yongqiang  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Yongqiang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Shuming  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Employees in Chinese Enterprises: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Balance 
Abstract:
 A model that links antecedents and job-related outcomes associated with
 work interfering with family and family interfering with work in Chinese
 enterprises was tested. Data collected from a sample of Chinese employees
 was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings from this study
 were compared to findings from a previous study that utilized a sample of
 employees in the United States. Conclusions from this study support: (1) a
 reduction in work interfering with family for employees who have control
 over their work schedule, (2) an increase in work interfering with family
 for employees who perceive negative career consequences associated with
 exercising options to better manage work and family balance, and (3) an
 increase in stress as a result both of work interfering with family and of
 family interfering with work. Similarities and differences between the
 findings of this study and the U. S. study are discussed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-50 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=766118343QW64007 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, T. D., D. E. L.
 Herst, C. S. Bruck, and M. Sutton. 2000. "Consequences Associated with
 Work-to-Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research."
 >i>Journal of Occupational Health Psychology>/i> 5, no. 2:
 278-308.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Anderson, S. E., B. S. Coffey, and R. T. Byerly. 2002. "Formal
 Organizational Initiatives and Informal Workplace Practices: Links to
 Work-Family Conflict and Job-related Outcomes." >i>Journal of
 Management>/i> 28, no. 6: 787-810.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Aryee, S., D. Fields, and V. Luk. 1999. "A
 Cross-Cultural Test of a Model of the Work-Family Interface." >i>Journal
 of Management>/i> 25, no. 4: 491-511.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bailyn, L. 1993. >i>Breaking the Mold:
 Women, Men, and Time in the New Corporate World.>/i> New York: Free
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Baltes, B. B., T. E. Briggs, J. W. Huff, J. A. Wright, and G. A.
 Neuman. 1999. "Flexible and Compressed Workweek Schedules: A Meta-Analysis
 of Their Effects on Work-Related Criteria." >i>Journal of Applied
 Psychology>/i> 84, no. 4: 496-513.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bond, J. T., E. Galinsky, and J. E.
 Swanberg. 1998. >i>The 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce.>/i>
 New York: Families and Work Institute.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Carlson, D. S., and P. L. PerrewÃ©.
 1999. "The Role of Social Support in the Stressor-Strain Relationship."
 >i>Journal of Management>/i> 25, no. 4: 513-40.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Choi, J., and C. C. Chen.
 2006. "Gender Differences in Perceived Work Demands, Family Demands, and
 Life Stress Among Married Chinese Employees." >i>Management and
 Organization Review>/i> 2, no. 2: 209-29.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Dalton, D. R. and D. J. Mesch.
 1990. "The Impact of Flexible Scheduling on Employee Attendance and
 Turnover." >i>Administrative Science Quarterly>/i> 35: 370-87.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Eby, L. T.,
 W. J. Casper, A. Lockwood, C. Bordeaux, and A. Brinley. 2005. "Work and
 Family Research in IO/OB: Content Analysis and Review of the Literature
 (1980-2002)." >i>Journal of Vocational Behavior>/i> 66: 124-97.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Foley, S.,
 Ngo, H., and S. Lui. 2005. "The Effects of Work Stressors, Perceived
 Organizational Support, and Gender on Work-Family Conflict in Hong Kong."
 >i>Asia-Pacific Journal of Management>/i> 22 no. 3: 237-56.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Friedman, D. E.,
 and A. A. Johnson. 1997. "Moving from Programs to Culture Change: The Next
 Stage for the Corporate Work-family Agenda." In >i>Integrating Work and
 Family: Challenges and Choices for a Changing World>/i>, ed. S.
 Parasuraman and J. H. Greenhaus, pp. 192-208. Westport, CT: Quorum
 Books.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Frone, M. R., M. Russell, and M. L. Cooper. 1992. "Antecedents
 and Outcomes of Work-family Conflict: Testing a Model of the Work-Family
 Interface." >i>Journal of Applied Psychology>/i> 77, no. 1:
 65-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Greenhaus, J. H., and N. J. Beutell. 1985. "Sources of Conflict
 between Work and Family Roles." >i>Academy of Management Review>/i> 10,
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   <BIBTEXT> Greenhaus, J. H., and S. Parasuraman. 1999. "Research on Work,
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 Francesco, and T. Lau. 2003. "The Macroenvironment and Work-Family
 Conflict: Development of a Cross-Cultural Comparative Framework."
 >i>International Journal of Cross Cultural Management>/i> 3, no. 3:
 305-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kossek, E. E., and C. Ozeki. 1998. "Work-Family Conflict,
 Policies, and the Job-Life Satisfaction Relationship: A Review and
 Directions for Organizational Behavior-Human Resources Research."
 >i>Journal of Applied Psychology>/i> 83, no. 2: 139-49.</BIBTEXT>     
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 Managerial World: The Power of Peers." >i>Human Resource Management>/i>
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 <BIBTEXT> Kossek, E. E., R. A. Noe, and B. J. DeMarr. 1999. "Work-Family
 Role Synthesis: Individual and Organizational Determinants." >i>The
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  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ling, Y., and
 G. N. Powell. 2001. "Work-Family Conflict in Contemporary China: Beyond an
 American-Based Model." >i>International Journal of Cross Cultural
 Management>/i> 1, no. 3: 357-73.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lubatkin, M., and G. Powell. 1998.
 "Exploring the Influence of Gender on Managerial Work in a Transitional,
 Eastern European Nation." >i>Human Relations>/i> 51, no. 8:
 1007-31.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>23</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Myers, R. H. 1990. >i>Classical and Modern Regression with
 Applications>/i>, 2d ed. Boston: PWS-KENT.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
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 Boles, and R. McMurrian. 1996. "Development and Validation of Work-Family
 Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scales." >i>Journal of Applied
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 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Poelmans, S. 2003. "The Multi-Level
 âFitâ Model of Work and Family." >i>International Journal of Cross
 Cultural Management>/i> 3, no. 3: 267-74.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>26</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Poelmans, S., P. E. Spector, C. L.
 Cooper, T. D. Allen, M. O'Driscoll, and J. I. Sanchez. 2003. "A
 Cross-National Comparative Study of Work/Family Demands and Resources."
 >i>International Journal of Cross Cultural Management>/i> 3, no. 3:
 275-88.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Poelmans, S., and K. Sahibzada. 2004. "A Multi-Level Model for
 Studying the Context and Impact of Work-Family Policies and Culture in
 Organizations." >i>Human Resource Management Review>/i> 14:
 409-31.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>28</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Powell, G. N., and L. A. Mainiero. 1999. "Managerial Decision
 Making Regarding Alternative Work Arrangements." >i>Journal of
 Occupational and Organizational Psychology>/i> 72: 41-56.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Quinn, R. P.,
 and G. L. Staines. 1979. >i>The 1977 Quality of Employment Survey.>/i> Ann
 Arbor: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>30</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Rodgers, C. S.
 1992. "The Flexible Workplace: What Have We Learned?" >i>Human Resource
 Management>/i> 31: 183-99.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>31</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ryan, T. P. 1997. >i>Modern Regression
 Methods>/i>, New York: John Wiley.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Sanchez-Burks, J., F. Lee, I. Choi, R.
 Nisbett, S. Zhao, and J. Koo. 2003. "Conversing Across Cultures: East-West
 Communication Styles in Work and Non-work Contexts." >i>Journal of
 Personality and Social Psychology>/i> 85: 363-72.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>33</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Scandura, T. A., and M. J.
 Lankau. 1997. "Relationships of Gender, Family Responsibility and Flexible
 Work Hours to Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction." >i>Journal
 of Organizational Behavior>/i> 18: 377-91.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>34</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Schwartz, F. N. 1996. "The
 Competitive Advantage." >i>Journal of Accountancy>/i> 181, no. 2:
 39-41.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>35</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Solomon, C. 1994. "Work/Family's Failing Grade: Why Today's
 Initiatives Aren't Enough." >i>Personnel Journal>/i> 73: 72-87.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>36</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Spector, P.
 E., C. L. Cooper, S. Poelmans, T. D. Allen, M. O'Driscoll, J. I. Sanchez,
 O. L. Siu, P. Dewe, P. Hart, L. Lu, L. F. R. De Moraes, G. M. Ostrognay,
 K. Sparks, W. Wong, and S. Yu. 2004. "A Cross-National Comparative Study
 of Work-family Stressors, Working Hours, and Well-being: China and Latin
 America Versus the Anglo World." >i>Personnel Psychology>/i> 57:
 119-42.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>37</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Thomas, L. T., and D. C. Ganster. 1995. "Impact of
 Family-Supportive Work Variables on Work-Family Conflict and Strain: A
 Control Perspective." >i>Journal of Applied Psychology>/i> 80, no. 1:
 6-15.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>38</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Thompson, C. A., L. L. Beauvais, and K. S. Lyness. 1999. "When
 Work-Family Benefits Are not Enough: The Influence of Work-Family Culture
 on Benefit Utilization, Organizational Attachment, and Work-Family
 Conflict." >i>Journal of Vocational Behavior>/i> 54: 392-415.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>39</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Yang, N., C.
 C. Chen, J. Choi, and Y. Zou. 2000. "Sources of Work-Family Conflicts: A
 Sino-U. S. Comparison of the Effects of Work and Family Demands."
 >i>Academy of Management Journal>/i> 43: 113-23.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>40</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhao, S. 2002. >i>Human
 Resource Strategy and Planning.>/i> Beijing: China People's
 University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:5:p:22-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E743Q6T27421176R 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:5:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tianshu  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Tianshu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on Chinese Foreign Direct Investment 
Abstract:
 This article studies the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on
 changes in China's foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. A modified
 gravity model is adopted in the empirical analysis, using FDI inflow as a
 dependent variable, and home-country factors, host-country factors, and
 bilateral linkage factors (including RTA variables) as determinants. The
 article analyzes a set of home countries investing in a group of host
 countries using pooled data. It models China's FDI inflow from a set of
 home countries as a special case, using panel data regression with country
 fixed effects. Time series data are differenced once to eliminate a
 nonstationary data problem. The results indicate that the formation and
 implementation of RTAs is an important determinant of FDI inflow in some
 cases. Membership in APEC stimulates China to attract more FDI from
 non-APEC countries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-102 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G647712153964185 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Agodo, O. 1978. "The
 Determinants of U. S. Private Manufacturing Investments in Africa."
 >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 9, no. 3:
 95-107.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Beer, F. M., and S. N. Cory. 1996. "The Locational Determinants
 of U. S. Foreign Direct Investment in the European Union." >i>Journal of
 Financial and Strategic Decisions>/i> 9, no. 2: 43-53.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Brada, J. C., A.
 M. Kutan, and T. M. Yigit. 2005. "The Effects of Transition and Political
 Instability on Foreign Direct Investment in ECE Emerging Market." United
 Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Spring Seminar
 2005âFinancing for Development in the ECE Region: Promoting Growth in
 Low-income Transition Economies, Geneva.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Brainard, S. L. 1997. "An Empirical
 Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off between Multinational
 Sales and Trade." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 87, no. 4:
 520-44.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Brenton, P., F. D. Mauro, and M. Lucke. 1999. "Economic
 Integration and FDI: an Empirical Analysis of Foreign Investment in the EU
 and in Central and Eastern Europe." >i>Empirica>/i> 26, no. 2:
 95-121.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Buckley, P. J., J. Clegg, N. Forsans, and K. T. Reilly. 2003.
 "Evolution of FDI in the United States in the Context of Trade
 Liberalization and Regionalization." >i>Journal of Business Research>/i>
 56, no. 10: 853-57.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>7</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Carr, D. L., J. R. Markusen, and K. E. Maskus. 2001.
 "Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise."
 >i>American Economic Review>/i> 91, no. 3: 693-708.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chantasasawat, B., K. C.
 Fung, H. Lizaka, and A. Siu. 2004. "Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia
 and Latin America: Is There a People's Republic of China Effect?" Asian
 Development Bank Institute Discussion Paper, No. 17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, C. 1997. "The
 Location Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing
 Countries." CERS Working Paper Series, No. 97/12.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Culem, C. G. 1988. "The
 Locational Determinants of Direct Investments among Industrialized
 Countries." >i>European Economic Review>/i> 32, no. 4: 885-904.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Fitzpatrick,
 G. L., and M. J. Modlin. 1986. >i>Direct-Line Distances (International
 Edition).>/i> Metuchen, New Jersey and London: Scarecrow Press.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Frenkel, M.,
 K. Funke, and G. Stadtmann. 2004. "A Panel Analysis of Bilateral FDI Flows
 to Emerging Economies." >i>Economic Systems>/i> 28, no. 3:
 281-300.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Graham, E. M., and E. Wada. 2000. "Domestic Reform, Trade and
 Investment Liberalisation, Financial Crisis, and Foreign Direct Investment
 into Mexico." >i>World Economy>/i> 23, no. 6: 777-97.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hong, J. H., P.
 Jones, and H. Song. 1999. "Political Risk and Foreign Investment Decision
 of International Hotel Companies." Paper presented at the First
 Pan-American Conference on Latin American Tourism in the Next Millenium:
 Education, Investment and Sustainability, Panama.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Husted, S., and M. Melvin.
 2001. >i>International Economics.>/i> Reading, MA: Addison Wesley
 Longman.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF). 1986-2004. >i>Direction of
 Trade Statistics.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF).
 2004. >i>International Financial Statistics CD-ROM.>/i> Washington,
 DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, T. 2007. "The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on
 Tradeâthe Case of China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 2:
 70-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Nankani, G. T. 1979. >i>The Intercountry Distribution of Direct
 Foreign Investment in Manufacturing.>/i> New York and London: Garland
 Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>20</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics of China. 1986-2004. >i>China
 Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Root, F. R., and
 A. A. Ahmed. 1979. "Empirical Determinants of Manufacturing Direct Foreign
 Investment in Developing Countries." >i>Economic Development and Cultural
 Change>/i> 27, no. 4: 751-67.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Schmitz, A., and J. Bieri. 1972. "EEC
 Tariffs and U. S. Direct Investment." >i>European Economic Review>/i> 3,
 no. 3: 259-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>23</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Schneider, F., and B. S. Frey. 1985. "Economic and Political
 Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment." >i>World Development>/i> 13,
 no. 2: 161-75.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>24</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Tuman, J. P., and C. F. Emmert. 2004. "The Political Economy
 of U. S. Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America: A Reappraisal."
 >i>Latin American Research Review>/i> 39, no. 3: 9-28.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> UNCTAD. 2004.
 >i>World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Toward Services.>/i> New York
 and Geneva: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2005. >i>National
 Accounts Main Aggregates Database.>/i> Economic Statistics Branch of the
 United Nations Statistics Division. >a target="_blank"
 href='http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction.asp'>http://unstats.u
 n.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction.asp>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>27</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Vernon, R. 1966. "International
 Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle." >i>Quarterly
 Journal of Economics>/i> 80, no. 2: 190-207.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wei, S. J. 1995. "Attracting
 Foreign Direct Investment: Has China Reached Its Potential?" >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 6, no. 2: 187-99.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>29</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Xing, Y. 2006. "Why Is China So
 Attractive for FDI? The Role of Exchange Rates." >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 17, no. 2: 198-209.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, K. H. 2005. "Why Does So Much FDI
 from Hong Kong and Taiwan Go to Mainland China?" >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 16, no. 3: 293-307.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:5:p:68-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuejun  Bao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xuejun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Bao 
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Xin  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Cost Sharing in the Urban Health Care Insurance System in China 
Abstract:
 This study discusses issues related to the traditional and new health care
 systems in China. The driving force behind the traditional health care
 system was an uncontrollable increase in costs paid by the government. The
 new health care system requires both the individual and enterprises
 (private and state-owned) to contribute to their plan by establishing
 individual and hospital accounts, which appear to be effective in
 controlling medical care expenses. One unintended result is that the new
 system suppresses the demand of part-time workers (lowincome group) for
 hospital services. Policymakers, in revising urban health care plans,
 should seriously consider varying the upfront standard fees (deduction)
 borne by patients because low-income groups may not be able to afford
 them.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-21 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X565866R74560321 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, Minzhang. 1997.
 >i>Establishment of Employee Medical Care System for Chinese Economic
 Level.>/i> Report of the Chinese Central Communist School, no. 20: 3 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Chou, Yulin, and Shuhan Sun. 2001. >i>Medical Insurance.>/i>
 Beijing: People's Press of China (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Shenyang City Council. 2001.
 >i>The Basic Urban Medical Insurance Regulations for the Employees in
 Shenyang>/i>, no. 5 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Shenyang Labor and Protection Bureau
 (SLPB). 2003. >i>Notice on the Methods of How Flexible Workers Join the
 Basic Medical Insurance in Shenyang.>/i> SLPB, no. 41 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Shenyang Management Center of the Bask Urban Medical Insurance,
 Government document, 2004. Monthly report of Basic Medical Insurance
 Situations, March (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> State Council. 1988. >i>Establishment of
 the Basic Urban Medical Insurance Systems for Employees.>/i> Series no. 44
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:5:p:6-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Gene Hsin Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gene Hsin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Title: Disparity in Health Resource Allocation Between Rural and Urban Areas in China: Is It Getting Worse? 
Abstract:
 Most economics literature holds that the disparity in income and health
 resource allocation between China's urban and rural areas has been
 increasing since the beginning of the reform period in 1978. This paper
 argues, contrary to the conventional view, that the real gap in health
 resources allocation between China's urban and rural areas, as measured by
 the Gini coefficient, has been shrinking during the reform period. The
 urban-rural disparity is now smaller than that in the 1970s, when the
 "barefoot doctor" system provided broad basic medical service in rural
 areas. The better health resources available in rural China have reduced
 the urban-rural disparity in health conditions such as infant mortality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-55 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2104239060K63061 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> >i>Annual Reports of
 China Health Development Statistics.>/i> 1996-2007. Ministry of Health.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/pgb/inde
 x.htm'>www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/pgb/index.htm>
 /a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Chang, Gene H. 2002. "The Cause and Cure of China's Widening
 Income Disparity." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 13: 335-340.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> >i>China Health
 Statistics Yearbook.>/i> 2003-2007. Beijing: China Xiehe Medical
 University Press. 2004-2007, available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjnj/in
 dex.htm'>www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjnj/index.
 htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> >i>China Health Statistics Abstract.>/i> 1996-2008. Ministry of
 Health, available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjty/in
 dex.htm/'>www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjty/index
 .htm/>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> >i>China Statistical Yearbook (CSY).>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistical Publishing House, various issues.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Liu Ping and Zhang Yimin.
 2004. "Impact of Income Disparity on the Equity of Health Care in China."
 >i>Health Economics Research>/i> (Weisheng jingji yanjiu) 11:
 9-11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Song Hongyuan and Ma Yongliang. 2004. "Measuring China's
 Urban-Rural Disparity by Human Development Index Method." >i>Economic
 Research Journal>/i> (Jingji yanjiu) 39, no. 11: 4-15.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> WHO (World Health
 Organization) and Swedish International Development Agency. 1996.
 "Initiative on Equity in Health and Health Care, A WHO/SIDA Initiative."
 Geneva.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang Deyuan. 2006. "The Urban-Rural Life Price Scissors Gap."
 Health Resource Allocation. >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.3nong.bokee.com/5787028.html74k2006-10-23/'>www.3nong.bok
 ee.com/5787028.html74k2006-10-23/>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhu Ling. 2002. "Health Investment and
 Human Capital Theory." >i>Economic Perspectives>/i> (Jingjixue dongtai) 8:
 56-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:45-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuanglin  Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanglin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Forced Savings, Social Safety Net, and Family Support: A New Old-Age Security System for China 
Abstract:
 China's pension system comprises a large social account and a smaller
 personal account now largely vacant. The system is unsustainable due to
 population aging. Under this system, new enterprises subsidize old
 enterprises, rural participants subsidize urban retirees, and young and
 future generations have to pay the debt incurred by the current older
 generation. A new system consisting of forced savings, a government safety
 net, and family support is proposed to replace the current outmoded one.
 Since China's social security system covers only one-quarter of the labor
 force, the current deficit is not too large and can be paid off by using
 the assets of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In recent years China's tax
 revenue has been increasing rapidly and can be used to repay the pension
 debt. In addition, since the government owns all urban land, government
 land sales can produce revenue for social security reforms. Finally, the
 government can achieve its goal of income redistribution within the
 current system by providing compulsory high school education, better urban
 transportation, better health care systems, and a better social safety
 net.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 10-44 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=251674W35W8641K8 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Barro, Robert J. 1978.
 >i>The Impact of Social Security on Private Saving: Evidence from the U.S.
 Time Series.>/i> Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> China
 Ministry of Civil Administration. >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.mca.gov.cn'>www.mca.gov.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> China Ministry of Finance.
 1969. >i>Suggestions on Some Issues Concerning the Financial System of
 State-Owned Enterprises.>/i> Beijing: China's Finance Journal Publishing
 House (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> China Ministry of Finance. 2006. >i>Finance Yearbook of
 China.>/i> Beijing: China's Finance Journal Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> China Ministry
 of Labor and Social Security. 2006. >i>China Labor and Social Security
 Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> China National
 Statistics Bureau. 2001. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> China National Statistics Bureau and China Ministry of
 Labor and Social Security. 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006. >i>Labor Statistical
 Yearbook of China.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chow, Gregory.
 1993. "Capital Formation and Economic Growth in China." >i>Quarterly
 Journal of Economics>/i> 108: 809-842.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Cui, Yunzheng, and An Yu. 2006.
 "Improving Fiscal Management System of China's Social Security" >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.mof.gov.cn/news/20060104_2216_11868.htm'>www.mof.gov.cn/n
 ews/20060104_2216_11868.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Diamond, Peter A. 1996. "Proposals to
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 <BIBTEXT> Diamond, Peter A., et al. 2006a. "Social Security Reform in
 China: Issues and Options." >i>Comparative Studies>/i> 24: 33-66</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Diamond,
 Peter A., et al. 2006b. "Social Security Reform in China: Issues and
 Options." >i>Comparative Studies>/i> 25: 99-103.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Dorfman, Mark C., and
 Yvonne Sin. 2000. "China: Social Security ReformâTechnical Analysis of
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 and Aggregate Capital Accumulation." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i>
 82: 905-26.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Feldstein, Martin. 1996. "Social Security and Saving: New Time
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 Review>/i> 10: 99-107.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feldstein, Martin, and Jeffrey B.
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 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lau, Laurence. 2003. "A Basic Design of
 China's Social Security System." >i>Comparisons>/i>, no. 6 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 
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 Political Economy>/i> 66: 467-82.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
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 Zhai. 2001. "Implicit Pension Debt, Transition Cost, Options and Impact of
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 Age Security, Pension Reform in China.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	  
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 for New Ways to Reform China's Old-Age Security System."
 >i>Comparisons>/i>, no. 6 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
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 >i>Reforms>/i>, no. 6: 64-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:10-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xing  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Xing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Keqiang  Hou 
Author-X-Name-First: Keqiang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou 
Author-Name: M. W. Luke Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: M. W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luke Chan 
Title: An Empirical Study of Foreign Direct Investment Location in Eastern China 
Abstract:
 This paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI)
 for the Eastern Region of China as a whole by excluding the two lesser
 jurisdictions and concentrating on the Big Five jurisdictions from 1993 to
 2005. Robust estimates and a better understanding of FDI in Eastern China
 are obtained by employing robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the
 randomeffect model, and the fixed-effect model separately on each case.
 Without any outliers and serial correlation in residuals, the Big Five
 case gives us the most reliable estimates of determinants of FDI in
 Eastern China. Market size and labor quality are found to have a positive,
 significant, and quantitatively large effect on FDI in Eastern China,
 whereas education and infrastructure have a statistically nonsignificant
 positive direct effect on FDI. As for the level of local physical
 investment, we found a small crowding-out effect on FDI in the Big Five
 case.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-98 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B2778555M8H90650 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> BlomstrÃ¶m, M., and
 R.E. Lipsey. 1991. "Firm Size and Foreign Operations of Multinationals."
 >i>Scandinavian Journal of Economics>/i> 93, no. 1: 101-7.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Blonigen, B.A.,
 R.B. Davis, G.R. Waddell, and H.T. Naughton. 2004. "FDI in Space: Spatial
 Autoregressive Relationships in Foreign Direct Investment." Working paper
 no. 10939. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chen, C.
 1996. "Regional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Mainland
 China." >i>Journal of Economic Studies>/i> 23: 18-30</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, L.K., and Y.K.
 Kwan. 2000a. "What Are the Determinants of the Location of Foreign Direct
 Investment? The Chinese Experience." >i>Journal of International
 Economics>/i> 51: 379-400.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cheng, L.K., and Y.K. Kwan. 2000b. "The
 Location of Foreign Direct Investment in Chinese Regions: Further Analysis
 of Labor Quality." In >i>The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in East
 Asian Economic Development>/i>, ed. T. Ito and A.O. Krueger, pp. 213-219.
 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Coughlin, C.C., J.V. Terza, and V.
 Arromdee. 1991. "State Characteristics and the Location of Foreign Direct
 Investment Within the United States." >i>Review of Economics and
 Statistics>/i> 73: 675-83.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Dunning, J.H. 1979. "Explaining Changing
 Patterns of International Production in Defense of Eclectic Theory."
 >i>Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics>/i>, November:
 269-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Edwards, S. 1999. "How Effective Are Capital Controls?"
 >i>Journal of Economic Perspectives>/i> 13, no. 4: 65-84.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Friedman, J.,
 D.A. Gerlowski, and J. Silberman. 1992. "What Attracts Foreign
 Multinational Corporations? Evidence from a Branch Plant Location in the
 United States." >i>Journal of Regional Science>/i> 32, no. 4:
 403.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Fung, K.C., H. Iizaka, and S. Parker. 2002. "Determinants of
 U.S. and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in China." >i>Journal of
 Comparative Economics>/i> 30, no. 3: 567-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Fung, K.C., H. Iizaka, C.
 Lin, and A. Siu. 2002. "An Econometric Estimation of Locational Choices of
 Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Hong Kong and U.S. Firms in China."
 University of California, Santa Cruz Center for International Economics,
 Working Paper no. 02-27.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gao, T. 2005. "Labor Quality and the
 Location of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China." >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 16: 274-92.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Head, K., and T. Mayer. 2004. "Market
 Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union."
 >i>Review of Economics and Statistics>/i> 86, no. 4: 959-72.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Head, K., J.
 Reis, and D. Swenson. 1995. "Agglomeration Benefit and Location Choice:
 Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Investments in the United States."
 >i>Journal of International Economics>/i> 38: 199-222.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hsiao, C., and
 S. Yan. 2003, "Foreign Direct and Economic Growth: The Importance of
 Institution and Urbanization." >i>Economic Development and Cultural and
 Change>/i> 5: 883-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ministry of Commerce. 2006. >i>Foreign
 Investment Statistics.>/i> Beijing: Ministry of Commerce of the People's
 Republic of China.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>17</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2007. >i>China
 Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Porter, Michael
 E. 1990. >i>The Competitive Advantage of Nations.>/i> New York: Free
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wheeler, D., and A. Mody. 1992. "International Investment
 Location Decisions." >i>Journal of International Economics>/i> 33:
 57-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>20</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H. 2006. "Does International Investment Help Poverty
 Reduction in China?" >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 3: 79-90.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:75-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua-shu  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hua-shu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Henk  Moll 
Author-X-Name-First: Henk  
Author-X-Name-Last: Moll 
Author-Name: Sheng-gen  Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheng-gen  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Title: Comparative Analysis of Farm Households on Financing Medical Care in Rural China 
Abstract:
 Farm households in developing countries commonly stabilize uneven
 consumption by selling physical assets or borrowings from informal
 financial networks. Gaps left by market failure or uncertainty generally
 drive unfortunate households to severe financial risk. Under financial
 shock from unpredictable expenditures, the livelihood of farm households
 deteriorate. This analysis of the problems of financing medical care
 expenditures in rural China asks how farm households finance their medical
 care expendituresâby internal financing, such as savings, or by external
 financing, such as liabilities. An empirical survey of 793 farm households
 in three sample villages in Guizhou province, southwestern China, found
 that the unpredictability of medical care expenses made informal loans the
 dominant method for financing medical care. It seems likely that extending
 the social security system to rural medical treatment and health care will
 relieve the burden of medical expenses on farm households, thus mitigating
 their financial stress and improving their financial condition in
 production and consumption.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-74 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J042X14X1R251U01 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Baker, C.B., and V.K.
 Bhargava. 1974. "Financing Small-Farm Development in India." >i>Australian
 Journal of Agricultural Economics>/i> 18, no. 2: 102-118.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bekedam, Henk.
 2006. >i>How Healthy Is China? Challenges and Opportunities, Now and in
 the Future.>/i> Beijing: World Health Organization.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bekedam, Henk, and James
 Killingsworth. 2004. >i>Implementing the New Cooperative Medical Schemes
 in Rapidly Changing China.>/i> Beijing: World Health
 Organization.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Besley, Timothy. 1993. "Savings, Credit and Insurance."
 Research Program in Development Studies, Center of International Studies,
 Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bloom, Gerald; Sheng-Lan
 Tang; and Xing-Yuan Gu. 1995. "Financing Rural Health Services in China in
 the Context of Economic Reform." >i>Journal of International
 Development>/i> 7, no. 3: 423-41.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bouman, F.J.A. 1995. "Rotating and
 Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations: A Development Perspective."
 >i>World Development>/i> 23, no. 3: 371-384.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chambers, R., and M. Leach.
 1987. "Trees to Meet Contingencies Savings and Security for the Rural
 Poor." Discussion Paper 228. Institute of Development Studies, University
 of Sussex, Brighton, UK.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, M.Z. 1994. "Fighting Against
 Absolute Poverty." >i>Xinhua Monthly>/i> (October): 56-57.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Friedman, Milton.
 1957. >i>A Theory of the Consumption Function.>/i> Princeton: Princeton
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Gertler, Paul; David I. Levine; and Enrico Moretti. 2003.
 "Do Microfinance Programs Help Families Insure Consumption Against
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    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Glewwe, Paul.
 2007. "Measurement Error Bias in Estimates of Income and Income Growth
 Among the Poor: Analytical Results and a Correction Formula." >i>Economic
 Development and Cultural Change>/i> 56: 63-89.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Goldman, Dana, and Nicole
 Maestas. 2005. "Medical Expenditure and Household Portfolio Choice."
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 MA.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Grossman, Michael. 1972. "On the Concept of Health Capital and
 the Demand for Health." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 80, no. 2:
 223-55.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hulme, D., and P. Mosley. 1996. >i>Finance Against Poverty,
 Volume One.>/i> London: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Gordon; X. Wu; C. Peng; and A. Fu.
 2003. "Urbanization and Health Care in Rural China." >i>Contemporary
 Economic Policy>/i> 21, no.1: 11-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Moll, H.A.J. 1989. >i>Farmers and
 Finance: Experience with Institutional Savings and Credit in West
 Java.>/i> Wageningen Agricultural University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Moll, H.A.J., and C.E.
 Dietvorst. 1999. "Cattle Marketing in Zambia, 1965-1995." >i>Agricultural
 Marketing in Tropical Africa>/i>, ed. H. Laurens van der Laan, Tjalling
 Dijkstra en Aad van Tilburg, pp. 185-203. Aldershot, UK:
 Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Morduch, Jonathan. 1994. "Poverty and Vulnerability."
 >i>American Economic Review>/i> 84, no. 2: 221-225.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Morduch, Jonathan, and
 Terry Sicular. 1999. "Risk and Insurance in Transition: Perspectives from
 Zouping County, China." In >i>Communities and Markets in Economic
 Development>/i>, ed. Masahiko Aoki and Yujiro Hayami, chap. 8. New York:
 Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Statistics Bureau of China.
 2004. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Paxson, Christina H. 1992. "Using Weather Variability to
 Estimate the Response of Savings to Transitory Income in Thailand."
 >i>American Economic Review>/i> 82, no. 1: 15-33.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>22</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ravallion, Martin, and
 Jyotsna Jalan. 1999. "Are the Poor Less Well Insured? Evidence on
 Vulnerability to Income Risk in Rural China." >i>Journal of Development
 Economics>/i> 58, no. 1: 61-81.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Research Centre for Rural Economy,
 Ministry of Agriculture of China. 2001. National Rural Social-Economic
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 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>24</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Rosenzweig, R. Mark, and Kenneth I. Wolpin. 1993. "Credit Market
 Constraints, Consumption Smoothing, and the Accumulation of Durable
 Production Assets in Low-Income Countries: Investments in Bullocks in
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:56-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan  Liang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang 
Title: Why Are China's Exports Special?: The Role of FDI, Regional Trade, and Government Policies 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates why China is able to achieve a high level of
 technological sophistication in its exports beyond its current level of
 development. It concludes that a great portion of the high-tech exports
 are of the processing and assembly type and produced by foreign-invested
 enterprises. China's comparative advantage of labor abundance and the
 Chinese government's foreign direct investment (FDI) policy have
 encouraged the expansion of FDI-led export in general and FDI-led
 processing trade in particular. Given the disadvantages of the FDI-led
 export expansion, reform of the government's FDI and trade policies is
 needed to improve technological development and to enhance China's
 production and trade structures.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 99-118 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K4313482P1830L07 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Amiti, M., and C.
 Freund. 2007. "China's Export Boom." >i>Finance & Development>/i> 44, no.
 3: 38-41.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Balassa, B. 1965. "Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative
 Advantage." >i>Manchester School>/i> 33: 99-123.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
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 Ravenhill. 1995. "Beyond Product Cycles and Flying Geese: Regionalization,
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	<BIBTEXT> Cui, L. 2007. "China's Growing External Dependence."
 >i>Finance & Development>/i> 44, no. 3: 42-45.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
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 "Technological Spillovers from Foreign Direct InvestmentâA Survey."
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 Z. Wang, and F. Yinug. 2007. "The Nature of Chinese Exports of Advanced
 Technology Products (ATP) to the United States." Paper presented at the
 Conference on China's Increasingly High Technology Trade, Carnegie
 Endowment and John L. Thornton China Center of the Brookings Institution,
 Washington, DC, September 26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fontagne, L., G. Gaulier, and S. Zignago.
 2007. "Specialization Across Varieties Within Products and North-South
 Competition." CEPII Working paper no. 2007-06. French Research Center in
 International Economics, Paris.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gallagher, K.S. 2006. >i>China Shifts
 Gears.>/i> Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gaulier, G., F. Lemoine, and D.
 Ãnal-Kesenci. 2005. "China's Integration in East Asia: Production
 Sharing, FDI & High-Tech Trade." CEPII Working paper no. 2005-09. French
 Research Center in International Economics, Paris. Available at >a
 target="_blank" href='http://www.cepii.fr'>www.cepii.fr>/a></BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hong Kong Trade
 Development Council. 2006. "Processing Trade Policy Change and China's
 Direction of Foreign Investment Utilization." November 17. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.tdctrade.com'>www.tdctrade.com>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kumakura, M. 2007.
 "What's So Special About China's Exports? A Comment." >i>China & World
 Economy>/i> 15, no. 5: 18-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kojima, K. 2001. "The âFlying Geeseâ
 Model of Asian Economic Development: Origin, Theoretical Extensions, and
 Regional Policy Implications." >i>Journal of Asian Economics>/i> 11:
 375-401.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Kwan, C.H. 2002. "The Rise of China and Asia's Flying-Geese
 Pattern of Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on U.S.
 Import Statistics." Working paper no. 52. Nomura Research Institute,
 Tokyo.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lall, S. 2001. "FDI and Development: Policy and Research Issues
 in the Emerging Context." Working paper No. 43, Queen Elizabeth House,
 University of Oxford.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lan, X. 2007. "Chinese Policies on New
 and High-Tech Industries." Paper presented at the Conference on China's
 Increasingly High Technology Trade, Carnegie Endowment and John L.
 Thornton China Center of the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC,
 September 26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Lardy, N. 2001. >i>Integrating China into the Global
 Economy.>/i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Lardy, N. 2005.
 "China: The Great New Economic Challenge." In >i>The United States and the
 World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade>/i>, ed. Fred
 Bergsten, pp. 121-41. Washington, DC: Institute for International
 Economics.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>18</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2007. "China's Technological Emergence and Loss of
 U.S. Skilled Jobs: Missing Link Found?" >i>Journal of Economic Issues>/i>
 41, no. 2: 399-408.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lo, D. 2006. "China as a âModelâ of
 Utilizing Foreign Capital for Economic Development: Perceptions,
 Observations and Interpretations." Paper presented at Hong Kong Round
 Table "China Images," Hong Kong, November 2006. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.networkideas.org/feathm/nov2006/PDF/China_Model.pdf'>www.
 networkideas.org/feathm/nov2006/PDF/China_Model.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ministry of
 Commerce. 2007. >i>Statistics.>/i> Beijing: Ministry of Commerce of the
 People's Republic of China.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Naughton, B. 1996. "China's Emergence and
 Prospects as a Trading Nation." >i>Brookings Papers on Economic
 Activity>/i> 2: 273-344.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ng, F., and A. Yeats. 1999. "Production
 Sharing in East Asia: Who Does What for Whom and Why?" World Bank Policy
 Research Working paper no. 2197. World Bank, Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>23</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Rodrik, D.
 2006. "What's So Special About China's Exports?" >i>China & World
 Economy>/i> 14, no. 5: 1-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Scott, R. 2005. "U.S.âChina Trade,
 1989-2003." Briefing paper No. 270. Economic Policy Institute, Washington,
 DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>25</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Shenkar, Oded. 2006. >i>The Chinese Century.>/i> Upper Saddle
 River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Tan, K.S., and H.E. Khor. 2006.
 "China's Changing Economic Structure and Implications for Regional
 Patterns of Trade, Production and Integration." >i>China & World
 Economy>/i> 14, no. 6: 1-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> UNCTAD. 2002. >i>Trade and Development
 Report: Developing Countries in World Trade.>/i> New York and Geneva:
 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> UNCTAD. 2006.
 >i>Handbook of Statistics.>/i> New York and Geneva: United Nations
 Conference on Trade and Development.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>29</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2007. >i>Commodity
 Trade Database.>/i> New York and Geneva: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> U.S. Census
 Bureau. 2007. >i>Foreign Trade Statistics.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>31</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Wang, Z., and
 S.J. Wei. 2007. "The Rising Sophistication of China's Exports: Assessing
 the Roles of Processing Trade, Foreign Invested Firms, Human Capital, and
 Government Policies." In >i>China's Growing Role in World Trade>/i>, ed.
 Robert Feenstra and Shang-Jin Wei. Chicago: University of Chicago
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>32</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yeh, A. 2003. "Chips Ahoy." >i>China Economic Quarterly>/i> 4:
 28-34.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:99-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gene Hsin Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gene Hsin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-9 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 41 
Year: 2008 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R4N3224730274161 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Feldstein, Martin, and
 Jeffrey Liebman. 2006. "Realizing the Potential of China's Social Security
 Pension System." >i>China Economic Times>/i>, February 24.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:41:y:2008:i:6:p:3-9




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiyoshi Takase 
Author-X-Name-First: Kiyoshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Takase 
Title: Foreign Trade and Trade Policy of Communist China 
Abstract:
 China's foreign trade before the establishment of the Communist regime,
 like various other areas of the economy, was under the rule of foreign
 capital. Eighty percent or more of foreign trade transactions was handled
 by foreign commercial firms in China (in 1936, 771 firms from 22
 countries, excluding Japan) [1]. Because of this, many Chinese merchants
 were only playing the role of compradors. Trade was 90% or more (as of
 1930) financed by foreign banks, and in shipping, too, foreign ships
 accounted for 93% of cargo loading (as of 1940). China lost its tariff
 autonomy in the Nanking Treaty (1842) (>u>1>/u>), and almost all tariff
 revenue based on the loss of the tariff autonomy right was used to repay
 the foreign loans to China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1970 
Month: 10 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=TLN54NW006602522 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:4:y:1970:i:1:p:3-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dar-Hsin  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Dar-Hsin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Hsiang-Hsi  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiang-Hsi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Cheng-Ting  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Ting  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Title: The Announcement Effect of Cash Dividend Changes on Share Prices: An Empirical Analysis of China 
Abstract:
 An event study using a sample of cash dividend changes from all listed
 A-share firms in China during the period from 2000 to 2004 was conducted
 to investigate the announcement effect of cash dividend changes and
 examine whether the dividend-signaling hypothesis holds in China's stock
 markets. The results indicate that the announcement of cash dividend
 changes has a positive influence on share prices, but only partly support
 the dividend-signaling hypothesis. The study also found that there is no
 great dissimilarity between the announcement effects of cash dividend
 changes for different stock markets in China. However, the announcement
 effect of cash dividend changes for different sample periods exhibits
 distinct differences that may have a close connection with the
 promulgation and execution of two administrative rules. Cross-sectional
 analysis shows that both cash dividend yield and the ratio of nonfloating
 shares have explanatory power on the announcement effect of cash dividend
 changes.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=891441H24625154K 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aharony, Joseph, and
 Itzhak Swary. 1980. "Quarterly Dividend and Earnings Announcements and
 Stockholders' Returns: An Empirical Analysis." >i>Journal of Finance>/i>
 35: 1-12.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Asquith, Paul, and David W. Mullins, Jr. 1983. "The Impact of
 Initiating Dividend Payments on Shareholders' Wealth." >i>Journal of
 Business>/i> 56: 77-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bhattacharya, Sudipto. 1979. "Imperfect
 Information, Dividend Policy, and the âBird in Handâ Fallacy." >i>Bell
 Journal of Economics>/i> 10: 259-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Boehmer, Ekkehart, Jim Musumeci, and
 Annette B. Poulsen. 1991. "Event-Study Methodology Under Conditions of
 Event-Induced Variance." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 30:
 253-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Divecha, Arjun, and Dale Morse. 1983. "Market Responses to
 Dividend Increases and Changes in Payout Ratios." >i>Journal of Financial
 and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 18: 163-73.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fama, Eugene, and Kenneth French.
 2001. "Disappearing Dividends: Changing Firm Characteristics or Lower
 Propensity to Pay?" >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 60:
 3-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Gordon, Myron. 1959. "Dividends, Earnings and Stock Prices."
 >i>Review of Economics and Statistics>/i> 41: 99-105.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Grullon, Gustavo,
 Roni Michaely, and Bhaskaran Swaminathan. 2002. "Are Dividend Changes a
 Sign of Firm Maturity?" >i>Journal of Business>/i> 75: 387-424.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Healy, Paul
 M., and Krishna G. Palepu. 1988. "Earnings Information Conveyed by
 Dividend Initiations and Omissions." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i>
 21: 149-76.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Michaely, Roni, Richard H. Thaler, and Kent Womack. 1995. "Price
 Reactions to Dividend Initiations and Omissions: Overreaction or Drift?"
 >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 50: 573-608.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Miller, Merton, and Franco
 Modigliani. 1961. "Dividend Policy, Growth and the Valuation of Shares."
 >i>Journal of Business>/i> 34: 411-33.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>12</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Miller, Merton, and Kevin Rock. 1985.
 "Dividend Policy Under Asymmetric Information." >i>Journal of Finance>/i>
 40: 1031-51.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Pettit, R. Richardson. 1972. "Dividend Announcements, Security
 Performance, and Capital Market Efficiency." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 27:
 993-1007.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:62-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C. K. Burdekin 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C. K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin 
Author-Name: Hsin-hui I. H. Whited 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsin-hui I. H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Whited 
Title: Macroeconomic Interdependence Between Mainland China and Taiwan: A Cross-Strait Perspective on Globalization 
Abstract:
 Macroeconomic interdependence between China and Taiwan is assessed in
 terms of an array of output, price, money, and stock price measures for
 each economy. Sizeable simple correlations between these variables are
 accompanied by significant bidirectional Granger causality in many cases.
 Further evidence of interdependence arises from impulse response and
 variance decomposition analysis. As expected, the effects of mainland
 China variables on Taiwan appear to be stronger than the reverse. The
 indicated responses of the Taiwanese M2 money supply to developments in
 China are particularly noteworthy as M2 was generally the central bank
 target variable over the sample period.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F6TP781717638460 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bahng, Seungwook, and
 Seung-Myo Shin. 2004. "Interactions of Stock Markets Within the Greater
 China Economic Bloc." >i>Global Economic Review>/i> 33: 43-60.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Burdekin,
 Richard C. K. 2008. >i>China's Monetary Challenges: Past Experiences and
 Future Prospects.>/i> New York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Burdekin, Richard
 C. K., and Paul Burkett. 1992. "The Impact of U. S. Economic Variables on
 Bank of Canada Policy: Direct and Indirect Responses." >i>Journal of
 International Money and Finance>/i> 11 (April): 162-87.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Burdekin, Richard
 C. K., and Pierre L. Siklos. 2008. "What Has Driven Chinese Monetary
 Policy Since 1990? Investigating the People's Bank's Monetary Rule."
 >i>Journal of International Money and Finance>/i> 27, no. 5:
 847-859.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Burdekin, Richard C. K., and Hsin-hui I. H. Whited. 2005.
 "Exporting Hyperinflation: The Long Arm of Chiang Kai-shek." >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 16: 71-89.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chang, Hui S. 2005. "Estimating the
 Monetary Policy Reaction Function for Taiwan: A VAR Model."
 >i>International Journal of Applied Economics>/i> 2 (March):
 50-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Yongjun. 2006. "Taiwan Cross-Strait Economic Relations in
 the Era of Globalization." In >i>The Chinese Economy after WTO
 Accession>/i>, ed. Shuming Bao, Shuanglin Lin, and Changwen Zhao, pp.
 335-50. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Hwahsin and John L. Glascock. 2005.
 "Dynamic Linkages Between the Greater China Economic Area Stock
 MarketsâMainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan." >i>Review of
 Quantitative Finance and Accounting>/i> 24 (June): 343-57.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cheung, Yin-Wong,
 Menzie D. Chinn, and Eiji Fujii. 2005. "Dimensions of Financial
 Integration in Greater China: Money Markets, Banks and Policy Effects."
 >i>International Journal of Finance and Economics>/i> 10 (April):
 117-32.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chi, Jing, Ke Li, and Martin Young. 2006. "Financial Integration
 in East Asian Equity Markets." >i>Pacific Economic Review>/i> 11
 (December): 513-26.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chow, Gregory C. 2006. "Globalization and
 China's Economic Development." >i>Pacific Economic Review>/i> 11
 (October): 271-85.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>12</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Chow, Gregory C. 2007. >i>China's Economic
 Transformation.>/i> 2d ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Durdin, Tillman. 1953.
 "China and the World." >i>Headline Series>/i> 99 (May 20): 3-49.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>14</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hille,
 Kathrin. 2007. "Tectonic Shift Towards Shanghai Sees Taiwanese Groups Shun
 HK." >i>Financial Times>/i>, April 27: 22.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Huang, Ho-Chuan (River), and
 Shu-Chin Lin. 2006. "Time-Varying Discrete Monetary Policy Reaction
 Functions." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 38 (March): 449-64.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hughes Hallett,
 Andrew and Christian Richter. 2007. "Measuring Spillover and Convergence
 Effects in the Asia-Pacific Region: Is the U. S. No Longer the Economy of
 First Resort?" Paper presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic Association
 annual conference, Kowloon, Hong Kong, July 25-26.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lardy, Nicholas R. 2002.
 >i>Integrating China into the World Economy.>/i> Washington, DC: Brookings
 Institution Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>18</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Li Jing. 2007. "The Rise of the Renminbi in Asia:
 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Road Map." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 4:
 29-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lin, Hwan C. 2005. "On Trade, Look East Instead of West."
 >i>Taipei Times>/i>, June 30, p. 8 ( >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.taipeitimes.com'>www.taipeitimes.com>/a></BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liu Baijia and
 Hu Meidong. 2007. "Fujian Fizz: Prospect of Closer Economic Integration
 with Taiwan Pumps Up the Province's Economy." >i>China Business Weekly>/i>
 (July 30-August 5): 1, 5.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lockwood, Ben, and Michela Redoano. 2005.
 "The CSGR Globalisation Index: An Introductory Guide." University of
 Warwick, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation,
 Coventry. Working paper 155/04.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> MacKinnon, James G., Alfred A. Haug, and
 Leo Michelis. 1999. "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio
 Tests for Cointegration." >i>Journal of Applied Econometrics>/i> 14
 (September-October): 563-77.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mainland Affairs Council (Taipei,
 Taiwan). n.d. >i>Cross-Strait Economic Statistics Monthly>/i> ( >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.mac.gov.tw/english/index1-e.htm'>www.mac.gov.tw/english/i
 ndex1-e.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>24</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Ouyang, Alice Y., Ramkishen S. Rajan, and Thomas D. Willett.
 2007. "China as a Reserve Sink: The Evidence from Offset and Sterilization
 Coefficients." Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research. Working paper
 10/2007 (May).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Tung, Chen-Yuan. 2004. "Economic Relations Between Taiwan and
 China." Research Unit on International Security and Cooperation, Madrid (
 >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ucm.es/info/unisci/TUNG4M.pdf'>www.ucm.es/info/unisci/TUN
 G4M.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2006.
 >i>World Investment Report 2006âFDI from Developing and Transition
 Economies: Implications for Development.>/i> New York and Geneva: United
 Nations ( >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/wir2006_en.pdf'>www.unctad.org/en/docs
 /wir2006_en.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, Steven Shuye, and Michael Firth.
 2004. "Do Bears and Bulls Swim Across Oceans? Market Information
 Transmission between Greater China and the Rest of the World." >i>Journal
 of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money>/i> 14 (July):
 235-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>28</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yang, Ya-Hwei, and Jia-Dong Shea. 2005. "Deflation and Monetary
 Policy in Taiwan." NBER Working Paper 11244 ( >a target="_blank"
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 IBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT>
 Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2001. "China's Inward FDI Boom and the Greater
 Chinese Economy." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 34, no. 1 (January-February):
 74-88.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin. 2005. "Why Does So Much FDI from Hong Kong
 and Taiwan Go to Mainland China?" >i>China Economic Review>/i> 16:
 293-307.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:5-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yining  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Yining  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Research on Chinese Accounting Issues: A Review and Synthesis 
Abstract:
 Over the past two decades, economic reforms have significantly changed the
 economy and accountancy in China. As the planned centralized economy is
 gradually replaced by a market-driven economy, the the profession of
 accountancy is emerging and playing an increasingly important role. This
 paper reviews and synthesizes the recent literature on Chinese accountancy
 issues. It highlights the leading individual and institutional
 contributors, the major focus and research methods of their studies, and
 the journals, articles, and scholars exerting the greatest influence upon
 research of accounting in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 98-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HN44641546824330 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Abdel-Khalik, A., K.
 Wong, and A. Wu. 1999. "The Information Environment of China's A- and
 B-Shares: Can We Make Sense of the Numbers?" >i>International Journal of
 Accounting>/i> 34, no. 4: 467.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Adhikari, A., and S. Z. Wang. 1995.
 "Accounting for China." >i>Management Accounting>/i> 76, no. 10:
 27-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Aharony, J., C. W. J. Lee, and T. J. Wong. 2000. "Financial
 Packaging of IPO firms in China." >i>Journal of Accounting Research>/i>
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Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Gaiyan  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gaiyan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Lin  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: China's Equity Warrants Market: An Overview and Analysis 
Abstract:
 After the stock reforms in 2005, China's equity warrants market became the
 second-largest in terms of trading value after Germany and surpassed Hong
 Kong in 2006. The growth of the warrants market in China has been
 constrained by the gradual expiration of reform-related warrants,
 excessive speculation, and lack of understanding of the warrants market by
 its participants. The mechanism for creating special warrants designed as
 a transition to the development of covered warrants has been under hot
 debate. A more refined regulatory framework and a stronger institutional
 investor base are needed and are prerequisites for a well-functioning
 warrants market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q61K60Q208456T2W 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Dow Jones Newswire.
 2005. "All Eyes on Baoshan Equity Warrant." August 17.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> >i>Shanghai Stock
 Exchange News.>/i> 2005. "SSE to Introduce Warrant Creation System."
 November 22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Lan. 2007. "Derivatives Win over Mainland Investors."
 >i>China Daily>/i>, September 13.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Federation of Exchanges. >i>Annual
 Report.>/i> >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.world-exchanges.org'>www.world-exchanges.org>/a></BIBTEXT
 >	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhang,
 Leo. 2006. "More Brokers May Get to Promote Covered Warrants." >i>China
 Daily>/i>, September 11.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Charlie. 2007. "China's Warrant
 Market." Reuters, January 19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:86-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kui-Wai  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kui-Wai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Lihong  Yun 
Author-X-Name-First: Lihong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yun 
Author-Name: Gilbert C. S. Lui 
Author-X-Name-First: Gilbert C. S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lui 
Title: Economic Performance of Human Capital in Post-Reform China 
Abstract:
 Provincial data are used to examine the economic performance of China's
 human capital, adjusted by mortality and interprovincial migration
 figures. The perpetual-inventory approach is used to compile China's human
 capital, which is further decomposed into skilled, unskilled, and
 different educational endowments. Statistical estimates are extended to
 the performance of four regions. The various human capital indicators are
 examined with different infrastructure variables. The empirical results
 show that human capital endowed with higher education is scarce across
 provinces, but skilled human capital can be improved by increasing the
 amount of secondary school education. Consideration of openness factors
 shows that foreign direct investment is complementary to the level of
 human capital endowed with higher education.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YH626052W2W6048Q 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Acemoglu, Daron. 1997.
 "Why Do New Technologies Complement Skills? Directed Technical Change and
 Wage Inequality." CEPR Discussion Papers No. 1707.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Aghion, P., L. Boustan, C.
 Hoxby, and J. Vandenbussche. 2005. >i>Exploiting States' Mistakes to
 Identify the Causal Impact of Higher Education on Growth.>/i> Cambridge:
 Harvard University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barro, R. J., and J. W. Lee. 1993a.
 "International Comparisons of Educational Attainment." >i>Journal of
 Monetary Economics>/i> 32, no. 3: 363-94.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Barro, R. J., and J. W. Lee. 1993b.
 "International Measures of Schooling Years and Schooling Quality."
 >i>American Economic Review>/i> 32, no. 3: 363-94.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barro, R. J., and J. W.
 Lee. 2001. "International Data on Educational Attainment: Updates and
 Implications." >i>Oxford Economics Papers>/i> 3: 541-63.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Benhabib, J., and
 M. M. Spiegel. 2005. "Human Capital and Technology Diffusion." In
 >i>Handbook of Economic Growth>/i>, ed. P. Aghion and S. Durlauf, chap.
 13. New York: North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gemell, N. 1995. "Endogenous Growth, the
 Solow Model and Human Capital." >i>Economics of Planning>/i> 28:
 169-83.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gemell, N. 1996. "Evaluating the Impacts of Human Capital Stocks
 and Accumulation on Economics Growth: Some New Evidence." >i>Oxford
 Bulletin of Economics and Statistics>/i> 58: 9-28.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gemell, N. 1997.
 >i>Externalities to Higher Education: A Review of the New Growth
 Literature.>/i> National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education,
 Report No. 8. Leeds: University of Leeds.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>10</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ho, Hon Ting. 2000.
 >i>Investigating China's Education.>/i> Hong Kong: Institute of Education,
 Chinese University (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Iyigun, M., and A. Owen. 1999.
 "Entrepreneurs, Professionals and Growth." >i>Journal of Economic
 Growth>/i> 4, no. 2: 215-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kottis, A. 1972. "Mobility and Human
 Capital Theory: The Education, Age, Race, and Income Characteristics of
 Migrants." >i>Annals of Regional Science>/i> 6, no. 1: 41-60.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Lemoine, F.
 2000. "FDI and Opening up the Chinese Economy." CEPII Working Paper
 2000-11. Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Information Internationale,
 Paris.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, T., and K. W. Li. 2006. "Disparity in Factor Contributions
 Between Coastal and Inner Provinces in Post-Reform China." >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 17: 449-70.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mankiw, N. G., D. Romer, and D. N. Weil.
 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth." >i>Quarterly
 Journal of Economics>/i> 107: 407-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. n.d.
 >i>China Population Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. n.d. >i>China Statistics
 Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of
 Statistics. 1999. >i>Comprehensive Statistical Data and Materials on 50
 Years of New China.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Organization for
 Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2000. "Main Determinants and
 Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on China's Economy." Working Papers
 on International Investment. Paris.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Redding, S. 1996. "Low-Skill,
 Low-Quality Trap: Strategic Complementarities Between Human Capital and
 R&D." >i>Economic Journal>/i> 106: 458-70.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>21</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Romer, P. M. 1990. "Human
 Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence." >i>Carnegie Rochester Conference
 Series on Public Policy>/i> 32: 251-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Romer, P. M. 2000. "Should the
 Government Subsidize Supply or Demand in the Market for Scientists and
 Engineers?" NBER Working Paper 7723.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>23</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sequeira, T. V. 2003. "High-Tech Human
 Capital: Do the Richest Invest the Most?" >i>Topics in Macroeconomics.
 Berkeley Journal in Macroeconomics>/i> 3, no. 1: Article 13.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sequeira, T. V.
 2007. "Human Capital Composition, Growth and Development: An R&D Growth
 Model Versus Data." >i>Empirical Economics>/i> 32: 41-65.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Vandenbussche,
 J., P. Aghion, and C. Meghir. 2006. "Growth, Distance to Frontier and
 Composition of Human Capital." >i>Journal of Economic Growth>/i> 11, no.
 2: 97-127.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>26</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> UNESCO. 2006. >i>Strong FoundationsâEarly Childhood Care and
 Education.>/i> Paris.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, Y., and Y. Yao. 2003. "Sources of
 China's Economic Growth 1952-1999: Incorporating Human Capital
 Accumulation." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14: 32-52.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. n.d.
 >i>World Development Indicators.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>29</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Young, A. 2000. "The
 Razor's Edge: Distortions and Incremental Reform in the People's Republic
 of China." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 115: 1091-1153.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>30</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Young, A.
 2003. "Gold into Base Metals: Productivity Growth in the People's Republic
 of China During the Reform Period." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i>
 111 (December): 1220-61.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:40-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Claude  Maswana 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Claude  
Author-X-Name-Last: Maswana 
Title: Can China Trigger Economic Growth in Africa? 
Abstract:
 This paper tests the exports to China-led growth and imports from
 China-led growth hypotheses using Toda-Yamamoto's version of Granger
 non-causality combined with Johannes's cointegration and bootstrap
 diagnostic tests. The findings seemingly downplay the importance of the
 export-led growth hypothesis while suggesting that Africa might benefit
 from China's growth through technology-embodied capital good imports. In
 this sense, the findings support recent views that the gains from global
 trade depend less on the mere effects of trading than on the ability of
 countries to appropriately position themselves along the global value
 chain.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 91-105 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X00295375111K020 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Afonso, O. 2001. "The
 Impact of International Trade on Economic Growth." >i>Investigacio:
 Trabalhos em curso>/i> 106.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Amavilah, V.H. 2003. "Does Trade Cause
 Growth? A Comment." EconWPA No. 0307001.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>3</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Arora, V., and A. Vamvakidis. 2005.
 "How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?" International
 Monetary Fund Staff Paper No. 52.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bhagwati, J. 1988. "Exports Promotion
 Trade Strategy: Issues and Evidence." >i>World Bank Research Observer>/i>
 3: 27-58.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Broadman, H.G. 2007. >i>Africa's Silk Road: China and India's
 New Economic Frontier.>/i> Washington, DC.: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Coe, D.T., and E.
 Helpman. 1995. "International R&D Spillovers." >i>European Economic
 Review>/i> 39, no. 5: 859-87.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Coe, D.T. E. Helpman, and A. Hoffmaister.
 1997. "North-South R&D Spillovers." >i>Economic Journal>/i> 107:
 134-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Dickey, D.A., and W.A. Fuller. 1981. "Likelihood Ratio
 Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root."
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 49: 1057-72.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Frankel, J.A., and D. Romer. 1999. "Does
 Trade Cause Growth?" >i>American Economic Review>/i> 89, no. 3:
 379-99.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ghartey, E.E. 1993. "Causal Relationship Between Exports and
 Economic Growth." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 25: 1145-52.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Goldstein, A.,
 N. Pinaud, H. Reisen, and X. Chen. 2006. >i>The Rise of China and India:
 What Is in It for Africa?>/i> Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation
 and Development.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Granger, C.W.J. 1986. "Developments in the Study of
 Cointegrated Economics Variables." >i>Oxford Bulletin of Economics and
 Statistics>/i> 48: 213-28.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Greenaway, D., C. Morgan, and P. Wright.
 2002. "Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Methods, New Evidence."
 >i>Journal of Development Economics>/i> 67: 229-44.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Greene, W. 1997.
 >i>Econometric Analysis.>/i> London: Prentice Hall
 International.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Hassan, S., A. Sukar, and S. Ahmed. 2006. "The Impact of
 Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth in sub-Saharan Africa." >i>Journal
 of Applied Economics and Policy>/i> 25, no. 1: 1-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Hausmann, R., J. Hwang,
 and D. Rodrik. 2005. "What You Export Matters." National Bureau of
 Economic Research Working Paper No. 11905.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Iscan, T. 1998. "Trade
 Liberalization and Productivity: A Panel Study of the Mexican
 Manufacturing Industry." >i>Journal of Development Studies>/i> 34, no. 5:
 123-148.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Johansen, S. 1988. "Statistical Analysis of Cointegration
 Vectors." >i>Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control>/i> 12:
 231-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Johansen, S., and K. Juselius. 1990. "Maximum Likelihood
 Estimation and Inference on Cointegration." >i>Oxford Bulletin of
 Economics and Statistics>/i> 52: 169-210.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>20</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kaldor, N. 1970. "The Case for
 Regional Policies." >i>Scottish Journal of Political Economy>/i> 17, no.
 3: 337-348.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>21</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Keller, W. 1998. "Are International R&D Spillovers
 Trade-Related?" >i>European Economic Review>/i> 42: 1469-81.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Lawrence, R.Z.,
 and D.E. Weinstein. 1999. "Trade and Growth: Import-Led or Export-Led?
 Evidence from Japan and Korea." Center on Japanese Economy and Business
 Working Paper No. 165, Columbia University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lutkepohl, H. 1993.
 >i>Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis>/i>, 2d ed. New York:
 Springer-Verlag.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> MacKinnon, J.G., A.A. Haug, and L. Michelis. 1999.
 "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for
 Co-integration." >i>Journal of Applied Econometrics>/i> 14:
 563-577.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Mavrotas, G., and R. Kelly. 2001. "Old Wine in New Bottles:
 Testing Causality Between Savings and Growth." >i>Manchester School:>/i>
 97-105.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>26</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Otsubo, S. 2000. "Linking Africa to a Changing World." Economic
 Research Paper No. 61, African Development Bank.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>27</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Palley, T.I. 2002. "A New
 Development Paradigm: Domestic Demand-Led Growth: Why It Is Needed and How
 to Make It Happen." >i>FPIF Discussion Paper.>/i> >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ftip.org'>www.ftip.org>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>28</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Rambaldi, A.N. and H.E.
 Doran. 1996. "Testing for Granger Non-causality in Cointegrated Systems
 made Easy." Working paper in Econometrics and Applied Statistics 88,
 Department of Econometrics, University of New England.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Rodrik, D. 2006.
 "Understanding South Africa's Economic Puzzles." Harvard University Center
 for International Development, Project on South Africa.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sandrey, R.
 2006. "The Trade and Economic Implications of South Africa Restrictions
 Regimes on Imports of Clothing from China." Tralac (Trade Law Centre for
 Southern Africa) Working Paper No. 16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>31</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Strydom, P.D.F. 2003. "Work and
 Employment in the Information Economy: Review Article." >i>South African
 Journal of Economics>/i> 71: 1-20.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> UN Comtrade. 2007. UN Commodity Trade
 Statistics Database, UNDESA â United Nations Department of Economic and
 Social Affairs â Statistics Division, New York. >a target="_blank"
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 rade>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Van den Berg, H., and J.J. Lewer. 2007. >i>International Trade
 and Economic Growth.>/i> Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>34</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Toda, H., and T. Yamamoto.
 1995. "Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly
 Integrated Processes." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 66:
 225-50.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>35</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2006. >i>World Development Indicators 2006.>/i>
 Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>36</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Zafar, A. 2007. "The Growing Relationship Between China and
 Sub-Saharan Africa." >i>World Bank Research Observer>/i> 22, no. 1:
 101-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>37</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zapata, H.O., and A.N. Rambaldi. 1997. "Monte Carlo Evidence on
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 Statistics>/i> 59, no. 2: 285-98.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:91-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuanyan  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuanyan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Foreign Currency Inflow and Real Exchange Rate Movement 
Abstract:
 A number of East Asian and oil-exporting countries have generated a large
 inflow of foreign currencies as a result of their continued trade surplus
 and surging foreign investments in recent decades. In China, the booming
 foreign inflow was accompanied by a modest appreciation of the real
 exchange rate. This paper argues that the failure of the real exchange
 rate to appreciate in China is more the result of a higher demand for real
 monetary balances than of exchange rate manipulation. Such "sterilization
 by the people" is more evident in earlier episodes than in more recent
 ones. This can be due to the emergence of competitive financial
 instruments, a deeper financial market, and a more developed social
 security system.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-90 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X254386213367337 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aizenman, Joshua, and
 Jaewoo Lee. 2005. "International Reserves: Precautionary versus
 Mercantilist Views, Theory and Evidence." International Monetary Fund
 Working Paper 05/19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Aguilar, Ana Maria. 2005. "Expected
 Inflation and Money Demand." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California,
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 <BIBTEXT> Beck, Thorsten, Asli DemirgÃ¼Ã§-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2000. "A
 New Database on Financial Development and Structure." >i>World Bank
 Economic Review>/i> 14: 597-605.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Engle, R.F., and C.W. Granger. 1987.
 "Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and
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 New York: Palgrave.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Papaioannou, Elias, Richard Portes, and Gregorios
 Siourounis. 2006. "Optimal Currency Shares in International Reserves: The
 Impact of the Euro and the Prospects for the Dollar." National Bureau of
 Economic Research Working Paper No. 12333.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ranciere, Romain, and
 Olivier Jeanne. 2006. "The Optimal Level of International Reserves for
 Emerging Market Countries: Formulas and Applications." International
 Monetary Fund Working Paper 06/229.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Tobin, J. 1956. "The Interest Elasticity
 of the Transactions Demand for Cash." >i>Review of Economics and
 Statistics>/i> 38: 241-47.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:63-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John E. Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: John E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Title: Financing Urban Development in China 
Abstract:
 Urban areas in several regions of China are exploding with growth and
 expanding at a rapid pace. This article examines the revenue sources local
 governments may use to finance the costs of rapidly expanding
 infrastructure and provide local public services. Starting with an
 examination of current urban development policy, recent reform proposals
 for urban land development and housing construction tax and fee reforms
 are studied. The primary focus is on the policy debate as to whether the
 existing system of multiple real estate taxes and fees, often applied once
 at the time of house purchase, should be converted into a unified real
 estate tax requiring annual payments. The potential impacts of this policy
 change on housing prices and patterns of housing development are analyzed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 48-62 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X452V4417V456280 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, John E. 1986.
 "Property Taxes and the Timing of Urban Land Development." >i>Regional
 Science and Urban Economics>/i> 16: 483-92.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Anderson, John E. 2005.
 "Taxes and Fees as Forms of Land Use Regulation." >i>Journal of Real
 Estate Finance and Economics>/i> 31: 413-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Areddy, James T. 2006. "China
 Restricts Foreign Spending on Real Estate." >i>Wall Street Journal>/i>,
 July 25, 2006.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Deng, F. Frederic. 2002. "Ground Lease-Based Land Use System
 Versus Common Interest Development." >i>Land Economics>/i> 78:
 190-206.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Deng, F. Frederic. 2005. "Public Land Leasing and the Changing
 Roles of Local Government in Urban China." >i>Annals of Regional
 Science>/i> 39: 353-73.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, Ling Hin. 1997. "Privatization of the
 Urban Land Market in Shanghai." >i>Journal of Real Estate Literature>/i>
 5: 161-68.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, Mingxing, and Ran Tao. 2004. "Regional Competition, Fiscal
 Reform and Local Governance in China." Paper presented at the conference
 "Paying for Progress: Public Finance, Human Welfare, and Inequality in
 China," Oxford, May 21-23.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Newell, Graeme, K.W. Chau, S.K. Wang, and
 Keith McKinnell. 2005. "Dynamics of the Direct and Indirect Real Estate
 Markets in China." >i>Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management>/i> 11:
 263-79.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Turnbull, Geoffrey K. 1988. "Property Taxes and the Transition
 of Land to Urban Use." >i>Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics>/i>
 1: 393-403.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Turnbull, Geoffrey K. 2005a. "Introduction: The Dynamic
 Perspective in Urban Land Use Policy." >i>Journal of Real Estate Finance
 and Economics>/i> 31: 351-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Turnbull, Geoffrey K. 2005b. "The
 Investment Incentive Effects of Land Use Regulations." >i>Journal of Real
 Estate Finance and Economics>/i> 31: 357-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Walker, Anthony, and Ling
 Hin Li. 1994. "Land Use Rights Reform and the Real Estate Market in
 China." >i>Journal of Real Estate Literature>/i> 2: 199-211.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Xu, Dashan.
 2004. "Tax Plan to Slash Housing Prices." >i>China Daily>/i>, March 15,
 2004 ( >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-03/15/content_314950.h
 tm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-03/15/content_314950.htm>/a></B
 IBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>14</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ye,
 Xiannian. 2004. "China Real Estate MarketâTaxation System."
 China-Window. com, July 24, 2004 ( >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.china-window.com/china_market/china_real_estate/china-rea
 l-estate-market-9.shtml'>www.china-window.com/china_market/china_real_esta
 te/china-real-estate-market-9.shtml>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Xing Quan. 2001. "Risk and
 Uncertainty in the Chinese Housing Market." >i>Journal of Real Estate
 Literature>/i> 9: 161-72.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhu, Jieming. 2005. "A Transitional
 Institution for the Emerging Land Market in Urban China." >i>Urban
 Studies>/i> 42:1369-90.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:48-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kui-Wai  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kui-Wai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: Finance and Trade Development in Contemporary China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X550178571226230 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianbing  Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianbing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Author-Name: Hui  Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hui  
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Government Protection and Corporate Risk Management in China 
Abstract:
 Corporate finance theory holds that risk management increases firm value
 by reducing the costs of financial distress, agency costs, and taxes. This
 hypothesis is examined by conducting empirical research on Chinese listed
 firms. Unlike previous studies, which focused mainly on the corporate
 governance system in China, this study pays more attention to protection
 within the context of local government and analyzes its effects on
 decisions regarding a firm's risk management. In contrast to what the
 theory claims, this study shows that firms with high distress costs pay
 little attention to risk management. Furthermore, risk-management
 decisions seem to have no clear impact on firm value. This phenomenon can
 be attributed to protection by local government, which lets very few
 listed firms in China go bankrupt. But in the long run, this protection
 will destroy a firm's competitiveness and reduce its value accordingly.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-29 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X61HRR87522V36R3 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Berkman, Henk, and
 Michael E. Bradbury. 1996. "Empirical Evidence on the Corporate Use of
 Derivatives." >i>Financial Management>/i> 25, no. 2: 5-13.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bessembinder, H.
 1991. "Forward Contracts and Firm Value: Investment Incentive and
 Contracting Effects." >i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative
 Analysis>/i> 26: 519-32.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Brealey, Richard A., and Stewart C. Myers.
 2002. >i>Principles of Corporate Finance.>/i> 7th ed. New York: McGraw
 Hill.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Campbell, T.S., and W.A. Kracaw. 1990. "Corporate Risk
 Management and Incentive Effects of Debt." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 45:
 1673-686.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Jian. 2001. "Ownership Structure as Corporate Governance
 Mechanism: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies." >i>Economics of
 Planning>/i> 34: 53-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Deng, Xiaolan, and Zunjun Wang. 2006.
 "Ownership Structure and Financial Distress: Evidence from Public-listed
 Companies in China." >i>International Journal of Management>/i> 23:
 486-502.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Dolde, W. 1995. "Hedging, Leverage and Primitive Risk."
 >i>Journal of Financial Engineering>/i> 4: 187-216.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fama, E.F. 1980. "Agency
 Problems and Theory of Firm." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 88:
 288-307.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Froot, K.A., D.S. Scharfstein, and J.C. Stein. 1993. "Risk
 Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies."
 >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 48: 1629-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Geczy, C., B.A. Minton, and C.
 Schrand. 1997. "Why Firms Hedge: Distinguishing Among Existing Theories."
 >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 52: 1323-54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Jensen, M.C., and W.H. Meckling.
 1976. "Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership
 Structure." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 3: 305-60.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Leland, H.E.
 1998. "Agency Costs, Risk Management and Capital Structure." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 53: 1213-43.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mayers, David, and Clifford Smith. 1982.
 "On the Corporate Demand for Insurance." >i>Journal of Business>/i> 55:
 281-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mayers, David, and Clifford Smith. 1990. "On the Corporate
 Demand for Insurance: Evidence from the Reinsurance Market." >i>Journal of
 Business>/i> 63: 19-40.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mian, S.L. 1996. "Evidence on Corporate
 Hedging Policy." >i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 31:
 419-39.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Modigliani, F., and H.H. Miller. 1958. "The Cost of Capital,
 Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment." >i>American Economic
 Review>/i> 48: 333-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Myers, S.C. 1977. "The Determinants of
 Corporate Borrowing." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 4:
 147-75.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Nance, D.R., C.W. Smith, and C.W. Smithson. 1993. "On the
 Determinants of Corporate Hedging." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 48:
 267-84.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A., and R.W. Vishny. 1997. "A Survey of Corporate
 Governance." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 52: 737-83.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Smith, C.W., and R.M.
 Stulz. 1985. "The Determinants of Firm's Hedging Policy." >i>Journal of
 Financial and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 20: 391-405.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Smith, C.W., and J.B.
 Warner. 1979. "On Financial Contracting: An Analysis of Bond Covenants."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 5: 117-61.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Stulz, R.M. 1984. "Optimal
 Hedging Policy." >i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 19:
 127-40.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sun, Qian, and Wilson H.S. Tong. 2003. "China Share Issue
 Privatization: The Extent of Its Success." >i>Journal of Financial
 Economics>/i> 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tian, G.L. 1999. "Performance of Mixed
 Enterprises, State Shareholding and Agency Cost." Working Paper, London
 Business School.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Zou, H., and M.B. Adams. 2006. "The Corporate Purchase of
 Property Insurance: Chinese Evidence." >i>Journal of Financial
 Intermediation>/i> 15: 165-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zou, H., M.B. Adams, and M.J. Buckle.
 2003. "Corporate Risks and Property Insurance: Evidence from the People's
 Republic of China." >i>Journal of Risk and Insurance>/i> 70:
 289-314.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:7-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kent  Matthews 
Author-X-Name-First: Kent  
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews 
Author-Name: Xu  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Xu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Jianguang  Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianguang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Title: Nonperforming Loans and Productivity in Chinese Banks, 1997-2006 
Abstract:
 A bootstrap method for Malmquist index estimates of productivity growth is
 constructed with appropriate confidence intervals. This paper adjusts for
 the quality of the output by accounting for the nonperforming loans (NPLs)
 on balance sheets and tests the robustness of the results by examining
 alternative sets of outputs. The productivity growth of state-owned banks
 and joint-stock banks is compared, and the determinants are evaluated. It
 was found that the average productivity of Chinese banks improved modestly
 over this period. Adjusting for the quality of loans by treating NPLs as
 an undesirable output, the average productivity growth of the state-owned
 banks was zero or negative, while the productivity of the joint-stock
 banks was markedly higher.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-47 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X7800W6K686243P3 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Alam, I.S. 2001. "A
 Nonparametric Approach for Assessing Productivity Dynamics of Large U.S.
 Banks." >i>Journal of Money, Credit and Banking>/i> 33: 121-39.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Banker, R.D.
 1996. "Hypothesis Tests Using Data Envelope Analysis: A Statistical
 Foundation." >i>Journal of Productivity Analysis>/i> 7: 139-59.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Berg, S., R.
 Finn, and S. Eilev. 1992. "Malmquist Indices of Productivity Growth During
 the Deregulation of Norwegian Banking, 1980-89." >i>Scandinavian Journal
 of Economics>/i> 94: 211-28.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Berger, A.N., and D.B. Humphrey. 1991.
 "Measurement and Efficiency Issues in Commercial Banking." In >i>Output
 Measurement in the Services Sector>/i>, ed. Zvi Griliches, 245-279.
 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>5</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Canhoto, A., and J. Dermine. 2003. "A
 Note on Banking Efficiency in Portugal: New Versus Old Banks." >i>Journal
 of Banking and Finance>/i> 27: 2087-2098.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Casu, B., C. Girardone, and P.
 Molyneux. 2004. "Productivity Change in European Banking: A Comparison of
 Parametric and Non-Parametric Approaches." >i>Journal of Banking and
 Finance>/i> 28: 2521-40.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, G. 2002. "Application of Malmquist
 Index: Productivity Dynamics of Commercial Banks in China." >i>Journal of
 Policy Making Reference>/i> 15, no. 5: 31-35 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, X., M.
 Skully, and K. Brown. 2005. "Banking Efficiency in China: Applications of
 DEA to Pre- and Post-Deregulation Eras: 1993-2000." >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 16: 229-45.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Drake, L. 2001. "Efficiency and
 Productivity Change in UK Banking." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 11:
 557-571.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> FÃ¤re, R., S. Grosskop, and M. Norris. 1994. "Productivity
 Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized
 Countries." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 84: 66-83.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Fu, X., and S.
 Heffernan. 2007. "Cost X-efficiency in China's Banking Sector." >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 18: 35-53.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fu, X., and S. Heffernan. 2009. "The
 Effects of Reform on China's Bank Structure and Performance." >i>Journal
 of Banking and Finance>/i> 33: 39-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Goldschmidt, A. 1981. "On the
 Definition and Measurement of Bank Output." >i>Journal of Banking and
 Finance>/i> 5: 575-81.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Isik, I., and M.R. Hassan. 2003.
 "Financial Deregulation and Total Factor Productivity Change: An Empirical
 Study of Turkish Commercial Banks." >i>Journal of Banking and Finance>/i>
 27: 1455-85.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Matthews, K., J. Guo, and X. Zhang. 2007. "Rational
 Inefficiency and Non-Performing Loans in Chinese Banking: A Non-Parametric
 Bootstrapping Approach." >i>China Finance Review>/i> 1, no. 3:
 55-75.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ni, H., and D. Wan. 2006. "An Analysis on Malmquist Productivity
 Index for China's Commercial Banks." >i>Shanghai Finance>/i> 1: 27-28 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Noulas, A. 1997. "Productivity Growth in the Hellenic Banking
 Industry: State Versus Private Banks." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i>
 7: 223-28.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>18</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Park, K., and W. Weber. 2006. "A Note on Efficiency and
 Productivity Growth in the Korean Banking Industry, 1992-2002." >i>Journal
 of Banking and Finance>/i> 30: 2371-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>19</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> People's Bank of China. 2006.
 >i>Almanac of China's Finance and Banking.>/i> Beijing (Chinese
 version).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Shephard, R.W. 1970. >i>Theory of Cost and Production
 Functions.>/i> Princeton: Princeton University Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Simar, L., and
 P. Wilson. 1999. "Estimating and Bootstrapping Malmquist Indices."
 >i>European Journal of Operational Research>/i> 11: 459-71.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Simar, L., and
 P. Wilson. 2000. "Statistical Inference in Nonparametric Frontier Models:
 The State of the Art." >i>Journal of Productivity Analysis>/i> 13:
 49-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Simar, L., and P. Wilson. 2002. "NonParametric Tests of Returns
 to Scale." >i>European Journal of Operational Research>/i> 139:
 115-32.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>24</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sun, Z., and X. Fang. 2007. "Can Foreign Banks Stimulate the
 Increase in Efficiency of Chinese Banks?" >i>Contemporary Finance and
 Economics>/i> 275: 56-62 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>25</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Tan, Z., and C. Wang. 2006. "An
 Analysis of Dynamic Change in the Efficiency of Commercial Bank of China
 Based on an Improved DEA Model." >i>Journal of Jinan University
 (Philosophy and Social Sciences)>/i> 124: 62-66.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>26</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Wheelock, D.C., and P.W.
 Wilson. 1999. "Technical Progress, Inefficiency and Productivity Change in
 U.S. Banking, 1984-1993." >i>Journal of Money, Credit and Banking>/i> 31:
 212-34.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, J., and Y. Wu. 2005. "The Empirical Analysis of
 Efficiency of Commercial Bank of China Based on Malmquist Index Approach."
 >i>Journal of Hebei University of Technology>/i> 34: 37-41 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:2:p:30-47




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuanglin  Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanglin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Tax Reforms in China and Russia 
Abstract:
 This paper compares tax reforms and current tax systems in China and
 Russia. In both countries, earlier tax reforms aimed at providing
 incentives to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to improve productivity. In
 the 1990s, China and Russia established market-oriented tax systems, and
 both experienced a decline in tax revenues. Entering the new century,
 China adopted an increased-spending fiscal policy, while Russia adopted a
 tax-cut policy to stimulate economic growth. Both countries have similar
 value-added tax systems, but their personal and corporate income tax
 structures and social security systems are substantially different. The
 tax share of the gross domestic product (GDP) is substantially higher in
 Russia than in China. Russia is expected to continue its tax-reduction
 policy, and China is also considering major tax reforms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-40 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=404R178R11217537 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bahl, Roy, and
 Christine Wallich. 1992. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in China."
 Working Paper Series 863. World Bank, Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> China Ministry of
 Finance (Tax Division). 1996. >i>The Tax System in China>/i>. Beijing:
 Enterprise Management Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> China Ministry of Finance (Tax
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 1995. >i>The Flat Tax.>/i> 2d ed. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
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 Miracle? The Effects of Commodity Prices Raised>/i>. Cologne:
 Bundesinstitut fÃ¼r ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien,
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       <BIBTEXT> Holzman, Franklyn D. 1962. >i>Soviet Taxation: The Fiscal
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 <BIBTEXT> Ivanova, Anna; Michael Keen; Alexander Klemm. 2005. "The Russia
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 Alexei, and Alexei Makushkin. 2001. >i>The Fiscal Structure of the Russian
 Federation: Fiscal Flows Between the Center and the Regions>/i>. Armonk,
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      <BIBTEXT> Lin, Shuanglin. 2000. "The Decline of China's Budgetary
 Revenue: Reasons and Consequences." >i>Contemporary Economic Policy>/i>
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 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lin, Shuanglin. 2008. "China's
 Value-Added Tax Reform, Capital Accumulation and Welfare." >i>China
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 Fiscal Relations in China." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 6:
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 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2003. >i>Statistics Press>/i>.
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 People's Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and
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 <BIBTEXT> Newcity, Michael A. 1986. >i>Taxation in the Soviet Union>/i>.
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 156-61.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Rabushka, Alvin. 2003. "The Flat Tax at Work in Russia: Year
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 Public Policy Inquiry>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
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 .org/comments/081301.html>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
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 Republic of China, Tax Bureau of the People's Republic of China>/i>,
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      <BIBTEXT> State Council of China. 2005. "The Decision on Improving
 the Basic Social Security System for Workers and Staffs in Enterprises."
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 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Stepanyan, Vahram. 2003. "Reforming Tax
 Systems: Experience of the Baltics, Russia, and Other Countries of the
 Former Soviet Union." International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers
 03/173. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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  <REF>        <BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2003.
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 Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:24-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Z. Yin 
Author-X-Name-First: Jason Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin 
Title: Can Russia Learn from China in Its Quest for WTO Entry? 
Abstract:
 This paper reviews Russia's foreign trade policy and trade-related issues
 in its World Trade Organization entry negotiations. The disputes between
 Russia and its major trade partners are analyzed. The discussion focuses
 on Russia's economic structure, corporate governance, and market access to
 agriculture and service sectors. Russia's experience is compared with
 China's entry application to the WTO, and the disputes hindering the final
 agreement are discussed. Suggestions are made for Russian policy-makers to
 learn from China to structurally reform Russia's economic and trade
 regimes to meet WTO requirements and to promote its economic growth and
 global economic integration.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-77 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4451643460521810 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aris, Ben. 2001.
 "Privatization All Over Again." >i>Euromoney>/i>, no. 384 (April):
 79-92.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Berglof, Erik, and Segei Guriev. 2002. "Russia: WTO Member as
 Early as 2003?" >i>Transition Newsletter>/i> 13, no. 1/2: 25-26.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Center for
 Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR). 2001. "Russia and World Trade
 Organization: Myths and Reality." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cefir.org'>www.cefir.org>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Foo, Jennifer. 2002. "Reform
 and Corporate Governance in Russia." >i>Global Business Conference>/i>
 [Istanbul] (August): 233-34.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Goldman, Marshall. 2000. "Reprivatizing
 Russia." >i>Challenge>/i> 43, no. 3 (May/June): 28-43.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Goskomstat. 2003.
 >i>Russia in Figures 2003: Concise Statistical Handbook>/i>.
 Moscow.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kokh, Alfred. 1998. >i>Selling of the Soviet Empire: Politics
 and Economics of Russia's Privatization, Revelations of the Principal
 Insider>/i>. New York: S.P.I. Books.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kwiecinski, Andrzej. 1998. "The Slow
 Transformation of Russian Agriculture." >i>OECD Directorate for
 Agriculture, Fisheries and Food>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www1.oecd.org/publications/observer/214/Russia_eng.htm'>www1.
 oecd.org/publications/observer/214/Russia_eng.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lardy, Nicholas.
 2002. >i>Integrating China into the Global Economy>/i>. Washington, DC:
 Brookings Institution Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lissovolik, Yaroslav. 2006. "Russia's
 Relations with the EU After WTO Accession." >i>Aussenwirtscraft>/i> 61,
 no. 4: 447-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Lavelle, Peter. 2004. "Russia's Banking Woes." >i>News Before
 It's News>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.Ocnus.net/cgi-bin/exec/view.cgiarchive/'>www.Ocnus.net/cg
 i-bin/exec/view.cgiarchive/>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ministry of Economic Development and
 Trade (MEDT). 2006. "Ob osnovnyh rezultatah peregovorov po dostupu na
 rynki tovarov i uslug v ramkah prisoyedeneniya Rossii k vsemirnoj torgovoj
 organizatsii." November 21.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> NAG Consulting Company. 2008. "Foreign
 Trade: Change of Time." >i>Official Russian State Customs Committee
 Statistics, 1994-2006>/i>. Moscow: Globalnet. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~chegeo/index2.htm'>www.users.globa
 lnet.co.uk/~chegeo/index2.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Reznik, Bruce. 2003. "Corporate
 Governance in Russia: The Yukos Case." >i>Transition Newsletter>/i> 14,
 no. 7-9: 11-12.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> "Russia/EU Politics: EU Threatens to Halt Russia's WTO Entry
 Bid." 2007. >i>EIU Views-Wire>/i>, May 3.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>16</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> "Russian MPs' Meeting with U.S.
 Counterparts Effective, But Problems Remain." 2007. >i>BBC Monitoring
 Former Soviet Union>/i>, June 23: 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>17</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sarkisov, Oganes. 2001. "Measures to
 Improve Corporate Governance in Russia." >i>U.S. Commercial Service>/i>.
 Moscow. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ustrade.gov'>www.ustrade.gov>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> U.S. Department of
 Agriculture (USDA). Foreign Agricultural Service. 2006. >i>Russia
 Livestock and Products Semi-Annual>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.thepigsite.com/articles/7/markets-and-economics/1561/russ
 ia-livestock-and-products-semiannual-february/'>www.thepigsite.com/article
 s/7/markets-and-economics/1561/russia-livestock-and-products-semiannual-fe
 bruary/>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>19</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Wade, Robert. "Questions of Fairness." 2006. >i>Foreign
 Affairs>/i> 85, no. 5: 136.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Williams, Frances. 2007. "Ukraine Ahead
 of Russia in WTO Entry Bid." >i>Financial Times>/i> (Asia ed.), July 27:
 2.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2003. "Structural Changes Needed in
 RussiaâFriendly Suggestions from the World Bank." >i>Transition
 Newsletter>/i> 14/15, no. 12-1: 6-8.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2005. >i>Enterprise
 Surveys>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/ExploreEconomies/Graph.aspx?economy
 =159&year=2005'>www.enterprisesurveys.org/ExploreEconomies/Graph.aspx?econ
 omy=159&year=2005>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yudaeva, Ksenia. 2002. "Russia's WTO
 Accession: Scholars See Positive Effects." >i>Transition Newsletter>/i>
 13: 45-47.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Yudaeva, Ksenia. 2003. "Impact of WTO Accession on the Russian
 Economy: A Review of Current Findings." >i>Transition Newsletter>/i> 14:
 4-6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:60-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Pension Systems and Reforms in China and Russia 
Abstract:
 This paper discusses pension system reforms in China and Russia. Before
 the reforms, both countries had pay-as-you-go pension systems, with
 limited coverage, inequality across sectors, lack of portability, and
 unsustainable financing. Pension reforms, begun in China in 1984 and
 Russia in 1997, aimed to establish a three-pillar system: (1) defined
 benefits, (2) mandatory funding, and (3) supplementary pension. The
 reforms have expanded coverage, increased portability, reduced inequity,
 and improved labor mobility of pensions. However, the two countries face
 many challenges, including aging populations, a double burden on active
 workers, and immature capital markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 9-23 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=45217Q74X6710281 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Afanasiev, S.A. 2003.
 "Pension Reform in Russia: First Year of Implementing." Paper presented at
 the PIE International Workshop on "Pension Reform in Transition
 Economics," IER, Hitotsubashi University, Japan, February.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ahmad, Ehtisham,
 and Athar Hussain. 1991. "Social Security in China: A Historial
 Perspective." In >i>Social Security in Developing Countries>/i>, ed.
 Etisham Ahmad, Jean Dreze, John Hills, and Amartya Sen, pp. 247-304. New
 York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, Vivian Y. 2002. "Challenges of
 China's Pension System Reform." Paper prepared for Asian Development Bank,
 Governance, Finance, and Trade Division of East and Central Asia
 Department.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Vivian Y. 2004. "A Macro Analysis of China Pension Pooling
 System Finance Problem and Incentive Issues." Paper presented at the
 conference on "Pension in Asia: Incentive, Compliance, and Their Role in
 Retirement," Tokyo, February 23-24.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> China Economic Net. 2004. >i>Social
 Security System Taking Shape>/i>. September 8. >a target="_blank"
 href='http://en.ce.cn/National/Government/2004-09/08+20040908_1705060.shtm
 l'>http://en.ce.cn/National/Government/2004-09/08+20040908_1705060.shtml>/
 a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT>
 Goskomstat. 2003. >i>Russia in Figures, 2003>/i>. Moscow.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Heleniak,
 Timothy. 2002. "Russia's Demographic Decline Continues." >i>PRB
 On-Line.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.prb.org'>www.prb.org>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hussain, Athar. 1994. "Social
 Security in Present-Day China and Its Reform." >i>America Economic
 Review>/i> 84, no. 2: 276-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jiang, Chunzhe, and Nanxiong Li. 1999.
 "Analysis of Problems and Strategies After China's Provincial-Level
 Old-Age Insurance Pooling." Working Paper Series. China Center for
 Economic Research, Beijing University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Kosmarskaya, T. 2002. "Pension Funds
 in RussiaâProgress and Prospects." Working Paper Series.
 Russian-European Center for Economic Policy.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kuznetsov, Artem and Oleg
 Ordin. 2001. "Pension Reform in Russia: A General Equilibrium Approach."
 Working Paper Series. Economics Education and Research
 Consortium.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, Lillian. 1991. "Social Security for State-Sector Workers in
 the People's Republic of China: The Reform Decade and Beyond." >i>Social
 Security Bulletin>/i> 54, no. 10: 2-16.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Labor and Social
 Security. 2001. >i>China Labor Statistical Yearbook>/i>. Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> >i>People's Daily>/i> (Overseas edition). 2004. "China's
 First White Paper on Social Security." October 26.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Shakina, Marina. 2003.
 "Pension Reform in Russia: A New Stage." >i>Global Action on Aging>/i>.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.globalaging.org/pension/world/anewstage.htm'>www.globalag
 ing.org/pension/world/anewstage.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Song, Shunfeng, and George S.-F.
 Chu. 1997. "Social Security Reform in China: The Case of Old-Age
 Insurance." >i>Contemporary Economic Policy>/i> 15: 85-93.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> State Council of
 China. 1991. "Decisions on Old-Age Insurance Reform." Document No.
 33.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Woodruff, David M. 2002. "Pension Reform in Russia: From the
 Politics of Implementation to the Politics of Lawmaking?" Paper presented
 at the PONARS Policy Conference, Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>19</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1997. >i>Old
 Age Security>/i>. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2002. >i>Pension Reform in
 Russia: Design and Implementation>/i>. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xiong, Bijun.
 2000. "Reform of the Support Insurance System for the Aged in China."
 Paper presented at the International Research Conference on Social
 Security, Helsinki, September 25-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Yin, Jason Z., Shuanglin Lin, and David
 F. Gates, ed. 2000. >i>Social Security Reform: Options for China>/i>.
 Singapore: World Scientific.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yuan, Zhigang. 2002. "Economic Analysis
 of China's Old-Age Insurance Systems." Working Paper Series. Department of
 Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:9-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aimin  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Aimin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Corporate Governance in Russia and Some Points of Comparison with China 
Abstract:
 This article analyzes corporate governance in Russia based on a study of
 the relationships between firms and banks, firms and capital markets,
 firms and government, and, within firms, between owners, management, and
 employees. In addition, a few important aspects of corporate governance in
 Russia and China are compared. Our descriptive study suggests that
 Russia's corporate governance is neither German-Japanese style nor
 Anglo-American style. Unlike in China, where enterprise reform is
 developing toward the Anglo-American style of corporate governance, Russia
 has stronger features of the German-Japanese style of governance because
 of its heavy bank involvement.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-59 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=452L443Q1515850K 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bevan, A. Alan, and
 Julian Fennema. 2003. "Finance, Restructuring and Performance in
 Privatized Russian Enterprises." >i>Comparative Economic Studies>/i> 45,
 no. 2: 117-47.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Buck, Trevor. 2003. "Modern Russian Corporate Governance:
 Convergent Forces or Product of Russian History?" >i>Journal of World
 Business>/i> 38, no. 4 (September): 299-313.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Buck, Trevor, and Mike
 Wright. 1994. "Employee Buyouts and the Transformation of Russian
 Industry." >i>Comparative Economic Studies>/i> 36, no. 2
 (Summer).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Buck, Trevor; Igor Filatotchev; Mike Wright; and Yves van
 Frausum. 1996. "The Process and Impact of Privatization in Russia and
 Ukraine." >i>Comparative Economic Studies>/i> 38, no. 2/3 (Summer/Fall):
 45-69.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Aimin. 1994. "Chinese Industrial Structure in Transition:
 The Emergence of Stock-Offering Firms." >i>Comparative Economic
 Studies>/i> 36 (Winter): 1-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, Aimin. 2005. "Assessing China's
 Economic Performance Since 1978: Material Attainments and Beyond."
 >i>Journal of Socio-Economics>/i> 34, no. 4: 499-527.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, Aimin, and
 Ping Li. 2007. "Corporate Governance and the Development of Private
 Enterprises in China." In >i>The Revival of Private Enterprises in
 China>/i>, ed. Shuanglin Lin and Shunfeng Song. London: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Earie, J.
 and S. Estrin. 1996. "Employee Ownership in Transition." In >i>Corporate
 Governance in Transition>/i>, ed. R. Frydman, C. Gray, and A. Rapacynski.
 Budapest: European University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Estrin, S., and M. Wright. 1999.
 "Corporate Governance in the Former Soviet Union: An Overview." >i>Journal
 of Comparative Economics>/i>, no. 27: 398-421.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Goldman, Marshall. 1997.
 "The Pitfalls of Russian Privatization." >i>Challenge>/i> 40, no. 3
 (May/June): 35-49.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Judge, Q. William; Irina Naoumova; and Nadeja Koutzevol.
 2003. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Russia." >i>Journal of
 World Business>/i> 38, no. 4 (September): 387-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Krivogorsky, Victoria.
 2000. "Corporate Ownership and Governance in Russia." >i>International
 Journal of Accounting>/i> 35, no. 3: 331-53.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kuznetsova, Olga, and Andrei
 Kuznetsov. 1999. "The State as a Shareholder: Responsibilities and
 Objectives." >i>Europe-Asia Studies>/i> 51, no. 3: 433-45.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> McCarthy, J.
 Daniel, and M. Sheila Puffer. 2002. "Corporate Governance in Russia:
 Towards a European, U.S., or Russian Model?" >i>European Management
 Journal>/i> 20, no. 6: 630-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> McCarthy, J. Daniel, and M. Sheila
 Puffer. 2003. "Corporate Governance in Russia: A Framework for Analysis."
 >i>Journal of World Business>/i> 38, no. 4 (September): 397-415.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Muravyev,
 Alexander. 2003. "Turnover of Senior Managers in Russian Privatized
 Firms." >i>Comparative Economic Studies>/i> 45, no. 2: 148-72.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>17</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> National
 Bureau of Statistics. 2005a. >i>International Statistical Yearbook.>/i>
 Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2005b.
 >i>Statistical Yearbook of China>/i>. Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
 2002. "China in the Global Economy China in the World Economy: The
 Domestic Policy ChallengesâSynthesis Report." >i>OECD Emerging
 Economies>/i> 7 (March): 1-75.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Peng, W. Mike; Trevor Buck; and Igor
 Filatotchev. 2003. "Do Outside Directors and New Managers Help Improve
 Firm Performance? An Exploratory Study in Russian Privatization."
 >i>Journal of World Business>/i> 38, no. 4 (September): 348-60.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>21</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Puffer, M.
 Sheila, and Daniel J. McCarthy. 2003. "The Emergence of Corporate
 Governance in Russia." >i>Journal of World Business>/i> 38, no. 4
 (September): 285-98.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Sutela, Pekla. 1998. >i>The Road to the
 Russian Market Economy, Selected Essays, 1993-1998>/i>. Helsinki:
 Kikimora.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Tam, On Kit. 1999. >i>The Development of Corporate Governance in
 China>/i>. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>24</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Tenev, Stoyan, and Chunlin Zhang.
 2002. >i>Corporate Governance and Enterprise Reform in China: Building the
 Institutions of Modern Market>/i>. Washington, DC: World Bank and the
 International Finance Corporation.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Watanabe, Mariko. 2002. "Holding Company
 Risk in China: A Final Step of State-Owned Enterprise Reform and an
 Emerging Problem of Corporate Governance." >i>China Economic Review>/i>
 13: 373-81.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:41-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yi  Feng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng 
Author-Name: Yi  Sun 
Author-X-Name-First: Yi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun 
Author-Name: Joshua C. Walton 
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walton 
Title: Foreign Direct Investment in Russia and Lessons for China 
Abstract:
 This article examines the history, trends, geographical and sectoral
 preferences, and policy issues of foreign direct investment (FDI) in
 Russia. Most of the obstacles to FDI in Russia are institutional. The
 following institutional aspects are reviewed: government restrictions,
 trade-related investment measures (TRIMs), customs, bureaucracy, legal FDI
 framework, labor issues, taxation, partnerships with firms, corruption,
 and crime. The discussion ends with a comparative note on FDI in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-93 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4766425267320532 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bergsman, J.; H.G.
 Broadman; and V. Drebentsov. 2000. "Improving Russia's Policy on Foreign
 Direct Investment." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2329.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://ssrn.com/abstract=630701'>http://ssrn.com/abstract=630701>/a>
 </BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>
 Economist. 2004. "Watch Your Back." >i>Economist>/i> (May 20): 11-12.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2668257'>www.econ
 omist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2668257>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Feng, Y., and H. Zhang. 2000.
 "Provincial Distribution of Direct Foreign Investment in China: A Pooled
 Time-Series Empirical Study." In >i>Financial Market Reform in China:
 Progress, Problems and Prospects>/i>, ed. Baizhu Chen, J. Kimball
 Dietrich, and Yi Feng, 401-20. Boulder, CO: Westview.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fischer, P. 2000.
 >i>Foreign Direct Investment in Russia: A Strategy for Industrial
 Recovery>/i>. New York: St. Martin's Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Fung, K.C.; Hitomi Iizaka;
 and Sarah Tong. 2002. "Foreign Direct Investment in China: Policy, Trend
 and Impact." Paper presented at conference on "China's Economy in the 21st
 Century," Hong Kong Institute of Economics and Business Strategy, Hong
 Kong, June.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Giddings, J.S. 2002. "Doing Business in Russia Today: Steps for
 Security." >i>BISNIS Bulletin>/i> (February) 2002. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bulletin/02febbull3.htm'>www.bisnis
 .doc.gov/bisnis/bulletin/02febbull3.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Goskomstat. 2003. >i>Russia
 in Figures, 2003>/i>. Moscow.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Goskomstat. 2005. >i>Russia in Figures,
 2005>/i>. Moscow.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Goskomstat. 2007. >i>Russia in Figures, 2007>/i>.
 Moscow.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Griston, D.; N. Dingemans; and M. Olenik. 2008. "New Russian Law
 on Foreign Investment in Strategic Sectors." >i>Clifford Chance CIS
 Limited>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cliffordchance.com/showimage/showimage.aspx?LangID=UK&bin
 aryname=/new%20russian%20law%20on%20foreign%20investment%20in%20strategic%
 20sectors.pdf'>www.cliffordchance.com/showimage/showimage.aspx?LangID=UK&b
 inaryname=/new%20russian%20law%20on%20foreign%20investment%20in%20strategi
 c%20sectors.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund. 2007.
 >i>International Financial Statistics>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.imfstatistics.org'>www.imfstatistics.org>/a></BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Malloy, M.
 2002. "Ten Considerations for a Tough Market." >i>BISNIS Bulletin>/i>
 (December). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/country/021212malloy.htm'>www.bisni
 s.doc.gov/bisnis/country/021212malloy.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Commerce of the
 People's Republic of China (MOFCOM). >i>2005, 2006>/i>. "China Foreign
 Investment Report." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/FDI/wzyj/default.htm'>www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/F
 DI/wzyj/default.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Michalet, C. 2000. "Strategies of
 Multinationals and Competition for Foreign Direct Investment." FIAS
 Occasional Paper 10. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://go.worldbank.org/NE1G-3ZOWRO'>http://go.worldbank.org/NE1G-3Z
 OWRO>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2007. >i>China Statistical
 Yearbook 2007>/i>. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Organization for
 Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2006. "Investing in Russia."
 >i>OECD Observer>/i>, no. 256 (July). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2103/Investing_in
 _Russia.html'>http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2103/Inve
 sting_in_Russia.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Rogacheva, E., and J. Mikerova. 2003.
 "European FDI in Russia: Corporate Strategy and the Effectiveness of
 Government Promotion and Facilitation." (Summer): Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.aebrus.ru/files/File/UpdateFiles/Market/Market0003FDI.200
 3.pdf'>www.aebrus.ru/files/File/UpdateFiles/Market/Market0003FDI.2003.pdf>
 /a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
 2004. "UNCTAD WID Country Profile: Russian Federation." Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=2980&lang=1'>www.
 unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=2980&lang=1>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> U.S.-China
 Business Council (USCBC). 2003, 2005. "Foreign Investment in China."
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.uschina.org/info'>www.uschina.org/info>/a></BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> U.S. Department
 of Commerce Commercial Service. 2007. "Doing Business in Russia: A Country
 Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies." >i>BISNIS Bulletin>/i> (May).
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0602Russia_CCG.pdf'>www.bisn
 is.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0602Russia_CCG.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>21</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2007. >i>World
 Development Indicators 2007>/i>. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://go.worldbank.org/B53SONGPA0'>http://go.worldbank.org/B53SONGP
 A0>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:78-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuanglin  Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanglin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Title: Guest Editor's Introduction 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-8 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4V237311924Q1057 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Maddison, Angus. 2003.
 >i>The World Economy: Historical Statistics.>/i> Paris: Organization for
 Economic Cooperation and Development.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2008.
 >i>China Statistical Abstract>/i>. Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Rostow, Walt W. 1960. >i>Stages of Economic Growth>/i>. New
 York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2003. >i>Human Development
 Report>/i>. New York and Geneva.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:3:p:3-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cuiping  Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Cuiping  
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Qinghua  Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Qinghua  
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: H. Holly Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: H. Holly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: The Impact of Rural Taxation Reform on Farm Household Income 
Abstract:
 In this study, the impact of Chinese rural taxation reform (RTR) on farm
 household income is investigated, using panel data collected from nearly
 1,000 farm households in fifteen villages in the Yangtze river delta (YRD)
 area between 1995 and 2005. The results from fixed-effect regression show
 that RTR had a significant impact, increasing farmer income by 6.82
 percent. This increase is much more than the direct income increase
 brought about by an exemption from the agricultural tax. When the dynamic
 impact of RTR on farm household income was examined, it was found that the
 most significant income increase occurred in the first three years after
 the execution of the new tax policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-90 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0HTW5673385JQ022 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bernstein, T.P., and X.
 LÃ¼. 2000. "Taxation without Representation: Peasants, the Central and the
 Local States in Reform China." >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no. 163:
 742-63.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gao, M.T., and Y. Yao. 2006. "Nongmin shouru caiju de weiguan
 jichu: Wuzhi ziben hai shi renli ziben?" (Microeconomic explanation for
 the inequality on rural income in China: Financial assets or human
 capital?), >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> (>i>Economic Research
 Journal)>/i>Â >b>12>/b>: 71-80.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gao, S.L., and F.Q. Meng. 2006. "Quxiao
 nongyeshui hou nongming zengshou wenti tantao" (Study on the income growth
 of farmers after exempting the agricultural taxation), >i>Tianjin
 jingji>/i>Â >b>7>/b>: 63-6.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Guo, C.X. 2006. "Mian zheng nongyeshui hou
 chuxian de xin wenti ji duice jiangyi" (Suggestions for the problems
 appearing after exempting the agricultural taxation), >i>Difang caizheng
 yanjiu>/i>Â >b>2>/b>: 43-5.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jia, K., J.M. Bai, and X.L. Ma. 1999.
 "âFei gai shuiâ yu zhengfu shouru guifan hua silu yanjiu" (Tax-for-fee
 and the normalization of fiscal revenue), >i>Guanli shijie>/i>Â >b>4>/b>:
 55-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Kennedy, J.J. 2007. "From the Tax-for-Fee Reform to Abolition of
 Agricultural Taxes the Impact on Township Governments in Northwestern
 China." >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no.189: 43-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Lin, J.Y., and M. Liu. 2007.
 "Rural Informal Taxation in China: Historical Evolution and an Analytic
 Framework." >i>China and World Economy>/i>Â >b>15>/b>, no. 3:
 1-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Shi, L., and S.G. Ma. 2005. "Jianmian nongyeshui de changqi
 xiaoying yu Zhongguo nongye fazhan de duice" (Long-term effects of
 exempting agricultural taxation and suggestions for Chinese agricultural
 development). >i>Caimao yanjiu>/i>Â >b>6>/b>: 16-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shi, Q.H., and J.W.
 Zhou. 2005. "Nonghu jiating shuifei fudan yu jingji zengzhang yanjiuâyi
 jiang zhe hu san shengshi 26 cun guding genzong nonghu wei li" (Economic
 income growth and rural farmer households tax/feeâevidence from the
 fixed observations of 26 villages from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shanghai).
 >i>Kaifa yanjiu>/i>Â >b>4>/b>: 8-16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Shi, Q.H., Y.H. Zhang, and J.W. Zhou.
 2006. "Xinzheng shishi xia nongming de fanxiang yu zengshou shijiâyi ji
 jing su sansheng wei li" (Farmers' response and income growth after
 implementing the tax-for-fee reformâevidence from Jili, Jiangsu, and
 Shanxi). >i>Nongjing yanjiu tongxun>/i>Â >b>11>/b>: 1-16.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Tao, R., and
 M.X. Liu. 2005. "Urban and Rural Household Taxation in China Measurement,
 Comparison, and Policy Implications." >i>Journal of the Asia Pacific
 Economy>/i>Â >b>10>/b>, no. 4: 486-505.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yep, R. 2004. "Can âTax-for-Feeâ
 Reform Reduce Rural Tension in China? The Process, Progress, and
 Limitations." >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no. 177: 42-70.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, X.M. 2005.
 "Nongcun shuifei gaige he zhengzhi fazhang" (The rural tax-for-fee reform
 and government development). >i>Zhongguo nongcun guancha>/i>Â >b>2>/b>:
 65-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Xing, C.B. 2006. "Zhongguo nongcun feinong jiuye jihui de daiji
 liudong" (The changes of off-farm job opportunities between different
 generations in rural China). >i>Jingji
 yanjiu>/i>Â >b>9>/b>:103-116.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:75-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Migration, Income Inequality, and the Urban Poor in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=54U6U6210632R3LM 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Fan, C. Cindy, and
 Mingjie Sun. 2008. "Regional Inequality in China, 1978-2006." >i>Eurasian
 Geography and Economics>/i>Â >b>49>/b>, no. 1: 1-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of
 Statistics. 2007. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2007. >i>World Development Indicators 2007.>/i>
 Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoyun  Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoyun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Terry  Sicular 
Author-X-Name-First: Terry  
Author-X-Name-Last: Sicular 
Title: Nonagricultural Employment Determinants and Income Inequality Decomposition 
Abstract:
 Nonagricultural income has become an important source of rural household
 income in China and has brought about wide inequality in rural areas. This
 paper investigates the determinants of nonagricultural employment and
 income and how they contribute to income inequality using the China
 Household Income Project (CHIP) 2002 survey data and a three-step
 decomposition approach. Our results indicate that educational inequality
 accounts for 9 percent and 36 percent, respectively, of wage and
 self-employment income inequality, implying that educational inequality
 plays a substantial role in nonagricultural income inequality. The results
 also show that community characteristics explain much inequality in wage
 and self-employment income, indicating that local development is important
 in the determination of nonagricultural income inequality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-43 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=64W16622520G6391 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Adams, R.H. 2001.
 "Nonfarm Income, Inequality and Poverty in Rural Egypt and Jordan."
 Working Paper no. 2572. World Bank, Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Benjamin, D., L. Brandt,
 and J. Giles. 2005. "The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China."
 >i>Economic Development and Cultural Change>/i>Â >b>53>/b>, no. 4:
 769-824.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Cai, F. 2005. "Why Rural-Urban Migration Has Not Brought Down
 Income Gap Between Sectors." Discussion Paper, Institute of Population and
 Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Canagarajah,
 S., C. Newman, and R. Bhattamishra. 2001. "Nonfarm Income, Gender and
 Inequality: Evidence from Rural Ghana and Uganda." >i>Food
 Policy>/i>Â >b>26>/b>, no. 4: 405-420.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
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 139-59.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
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 and T. Sicular, pp. 35-60. New York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>
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 and C. Riskin. 1998. "Income and Inequality in China." >i>China
 Quarterly>/i>, no. 154 (June): 221-253.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Khan, A.R., and C. Riskin. 2005.
 "China's Household Income and Its Distribution, 1995 and 2002." >i>China
 Quarterly>/i>, no. 182 (June): 356-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
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 "Chinese Peasant Choices: Migration, Rural Industry or Farming." >i>Oxford
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 1998. "Household Income Determination and Regional Income Differential in
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 Accession, Policy Reform, and Poverty Reduction Strategies>/i>, ed. D.
 Bhattasali, S. Li, and W. Martin, pp. 239-260. Washington, DC: World Bank
 Publications.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Sicular, T., X. Yue, B. Gustafsson, and S. Li. 2007. "The
 Urban-Rural Gap and Income Inequality in China." >i>Review of Income and
 Wealth>/i>Â >b>53>/b>, no. 1: 93-126.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
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 1986. >i>Agricultural Household ModelsâExtensions, Applications and
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 "Trends and Inequalities of Rural Welfare in China: Evidence from Rural
 Households in Guangdong and Sichuan." >i>Journal of Comparative
 Economics>/i>Â >b>26>/b>, no. 4: 783-804.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
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 China: A Regression-Based Approach." >i>Journal of Comparative
 Economics>/i>Â >b>32>/b>, no. 2: 348-63.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
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 "Income Inequality in Rural China: Regression-Based Decomposition Using
 Household Data." >i>Review of Development Economics>/i>Â >b>9>/b>, no. 1:
 107-20.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>24</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yue, X., T. Sicular, S. Li, and B. Gustafsson. 2008. "Explaining
 Incomes and Inequality in China." In >i>Inequality and Public Policy in
 China>/i>, ed. B. Gustafsson, S. Li, and T. Sicular, pp. 88-117. New York:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
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 2001. "Off-Farm Jobs and On-Farm Work in Periods of Boom and Bust in Rural
 China." >i>Journal of Comparative Economics>/i>Â >b>29>/b>, no. 3:
 505-26.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>26</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, R., S. Li, and C. Riskin. 1999. >i>Zhongguo jumin shouru
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 Beijing: China Finance and Economics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:29-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shuming  Bao 
Author-X-Name-First: Shuming  
Author-X-Name-Last: Bao 
Author-Name: Ãrn B. Bodvarsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Ãrn B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bodvarsson 
Author-Name: Jack W. Hou 
Author-X-Name-First: Jack W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou 
Author-Name: Yaohui  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Migration in China from 1985 to 2000 
Abstract:
 During the 1980s and 1990s, interprovincial migration in China surged
 concurrently with three major developments in the economy: deregulation of
 migration, rapid growth, and substantial increases in foreign and domestic
 investments. To what extent did these developments influence the changes
 in interprovincial migration? In this study, data from the National Census
 and National Bureau of Statistics are used to estimate a more extensive
 modified gravity model compared to previous research. It is found that
 past migration substantially influences current migration, confirming that
 migrants strongly prefer moving to provinces with relatively large migrant
 enclaves. Greater levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the target
 destination were found to stimulate inmigration, particularly during the
 1990s. The deep economic reforms made in the 1990s changed the structure
 of migration significantly.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-28 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MUM67947511H1H72 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, Shuming, Jack W.
 Hou, and Anqing Shi. 2006. "Migration and Regional Development in China."
 In >i>Chinese Economy After WTO Accession>/i>, ed. Shuming Bao, Shuanglin
 Lin, and Changwen Zhao, pp. 323-52. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bartel, Ann.
 1989. "Where Do the New U.S. Immigrants Live?" >i>Journal of Labor
 Economics>/i>Â >b>7>/b> (October): 371-91.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Greenwood, Michael J. 1997.
 "Internal Migration in Developed Economies." In >i>Handbook of Population
 and Family Economics>/i>, ed. Mark R. Rosenzweig and Oded Stark, pp.
 647-720. Amsterdam: Elsevier.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liang, Zai. 2001. "The Age of Migration in
 China." >i>Population and Development Review>/i>Â >b>27>/b> (September):
 499-524.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Liang, Zai, Yiu Por Chen, and Yanmin Gu. 2002. "Rural
 Industrialization and Internal Migration in China." >i>Urban
 Studies>/i>Â >b>39>/b>, no. 12: 2175-87.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>6</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Liang, Zai, and Michael J. White.
 1996. "Internal Migration in China, 1950-88." >i>Demography>/i>Â >b>33>/b>
 (August): 375-84.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Liang, Zai, and Michael J. White. 1997. "Market Transition,
 Government Policies, and Interprovincial Migration in China: 1983-1988."
 >i>Economic Development and Cultural Change>/i>Â >b>45>/b>, no. 2:
 321-39.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lin, Justin, Gewei Wang, and Yaohui Zhao. 2004. "Regional
 Inequality and Labor Transfers in China." >i>Economic Development and
 Cultural Change>/i>Â >b>52>/b> (April): 587-603.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Poncet, Sandra. 2006.
 "Provincial Migration Dynamics in China: Borders, Costs and Economic
 Motivations." >i>Regional Science and Urban Economics>/i>Â >b>36>/b>:
 385-98.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yaohui. 1997. "Labor Migration and Returns to Rural
 Education in China." >i>American Journal of Agricultural
 Economics>/i>Â >b>79>/b> (November): 1278-87.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yaohui. 1999a. "Labor
 Migration and Earnings Differences: The Case of Rural China." >i>Economic
 Development and Cultural Change>/i>Â >b>47>/b>, no. 4: 767-82.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>12</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yaohui.
 1999b. "Leaving the Countryside: Rural-to-Urban Migration Decisions in
 China." >i>American Economic Review>/i>Â >b>89>/b>, no. 2:
 281-86.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yaohui. 2002. "Causes and Consequences of Return
 Migration: Recent Evidence from China." >i>Journal of Comparative
 Economics>/i>Â >b>30>/b>: 376-94.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yaohui. 2003. "The Role of Migrant
 Networks in Labor Migration: The Case of China." >i>Contemporary Economic
 Policy>/i>Â >b>21>/b> (October): 500-11.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:7-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Author-Name: Erqian  Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Erqian  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Sankar  Mukhopadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Sankar  
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay 
Title: Urban Poor in China 
Abstract:
 Since the late 1970s, many employees of state-owned enterprises have been
 laid off, and more and more rural people have migrated to urban areas.
 Many laid-off and migrant workers have become the urban poor. This paper
 discusses the general situation of the urban poor in China by examining
 how many there are, how poor they are, who they are, and what creates
 their situation. Using data from a January 2007 survey on 1,641 relatively
 low-income households in Changsha, the paper investigates features of
 migrant workers and their city counterparts regarding income, employment,
 social support, housing, most-needed government assistance, and reasons
 for migration. Based on the empirical findings, the paper gives some
 policy recommendations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-62 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N7122QX656077G33 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, Shuming, Ãrn B.
 Bodvarsson, Jack W. Hou, and Yaohui Zhao. 2008. "The Deregulation of
 People Flows in China: Did the Structure of Migration Change?" Paper
 presented at a Chinese Economists Society conference, Tianjin, April
 18-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Cai, Fang. 2006. "The Causes and Strategies of Chinese Urban
 Poverty." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://economy.guoxue.com/article.php/8411/'>http://economy.guoxue.c
 om/article.php/8411/>/a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, Zhihong. 2006. "Measuring the
 Poverty Lines for Urban Households in ChinaâAn Equivalence Scale
 Method." >i>China Economic Review>/i>Â >b>17>/b>, no. 3: 239-52.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Ding, Sibao.
 2006. "On China's Urban Poverty and Suggested Measures." >i>China Opening
 Herald>/i>Â >b>2>/b>: 58-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hua, Yingfang. 2004. "Employment Safeguard
 for Urban Poor Population." >i>Review of Economic Research>/i>Â >b>11>/b>:
 4-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Hussain, A. 2003. "Urban Poverty in China: Measurement, Patterns
 and Policies." International Labor Organization, Geneva. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/info/publ/china.htm
 '>www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/info/publ/china.htm>/a></BIBTE
 XT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li,
 Qiang. 2005. "Urban Poverty in China." >i>Journal of Fuzhou University
 (Philosophy and Social Science)>/i>Â >b>1>/b>: 22-29.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, Ruilin. 2005.
 "A Summary on Urban Poor in China." >i>Academic Exploration>/i>Â >b>6>/b>:
 49-55.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Li, Ruilin, and Li Zhengsheng. 2006. "A Research on the Problem
 of Urban Poverty in China's Transition Course." >i>Economic
 Survey>/i>Â >b>1>/b>: 114-17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, S., X. Li, and M. Zhang. 2003.
 >i>Scenario Analysis on Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration in
 China.>/i> Interim Report IR-03-036, International Institute for Applied
 System Analysis and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources
 Research. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Liu, Yanhong. 2004.
 "Analysis on Poverty in China." >i>Fuzhou University Graduate Students>/i>
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 5/19.html>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Lu, Zhigang, and Shunfeng Song. 2006. "The Statistical
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 Migrants." >i>Modern Finance and Economics>/i>Â >b>10>/b>, no. 26:
 77-81.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mei, Jianming, and Ying Qin. 2005. "A Review on Urban Poverty
 and Anti-Poverty Strategy in China." >i>Population Science of
 China>/i>Â >b>1>/b>: 90-96.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ministry of Civil Affairs of People's
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 "The Complicated Causes of Urban Poor in China." Xinhua News Agency,
 February 5.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>19</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2003, 2006. >i>China Statistical
 Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
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 Statistics, Hunan Branch. 2007. >i>Tong ji bao gas>/i> (Statistical
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 href='http://www.hntj.gov.cn'>www.hntj.gov.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of
 Statistics and Ministry of Labor and Social Security. 2005. >i>China Labor
 Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
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 of National Bureau of Statistics. 1991. "A Research on Urban Poor in
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 2001. "City Size and Urban Unemployment: Evidence from China." >i>World
 Economy and China>/i>Â >b>1>/b>: 46-53.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
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 of China's Urban Unemployment." >i>Contemporary Economic
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    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sun, Jingshu, and Yixuan Qi. 2005.
 "The Current Problem of Poverty in the Urban Areas of China." >i>Nankai
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 Poverty Lines Approach." >i>Sociological Research>/i>Â >b>2>/b>:
 62-73.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>27</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Tang, Jun. 2002. "Urban Poor in China: The Causes and Current
 Situation." >i>Chinese Cadres Tribune>/i>Â >b>3>/b>: 21-24.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wei, Jinsheng.
 2004. "A Research on Urban Poor Population in Big Cities of China."
 Available at >a target="_blank"
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 Xue, J., and Z. Wei. 2003. "Unemployment, Poverty and Income Disparity in
 Urban China." >i>Asian Economic Journal>/i>Â >b>17>/b>, no. 4:
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 <BIBTEXT> Yang, Yiyong. 2002. "Urban Poverty Can Not Be Underestimated."
 >i>Digest of Management Science>/i>Â >b>2>/b>: 42-3.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>33</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin,
 and Shunfeng Song. 2004. "Migration and Urbanization." In >i>Urbanization
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     <BIBL>34</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Qingfang. 1998. "Characteristics
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:44-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu  Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Yu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Author-Name: Jianmin  Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianmin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Author-Name: Wenrong  Qian 
Author-X-Name-First: Wenrong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian 
Title: To Be, or Not to Be: Rural Women's Migration Decisions 
Abstract:
 This study seeks to identify the determinants of rural women's migration
 decisions with a sample of 335 migrant women and 204 nonmigrant women in
 sixteen cities of the Yangtze delta in 2006. We study these determinants
 from two dimensions: individual factors and household factors. The
 logistic model analysis reveals that education, especially the education
 of their children, is the most significant determinant of rural women's
 migration decision. It is suggested that the government should give
 priority to the education of migrant women and their children.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-74 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y5UT538426476870 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> All-China Women's
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 Davin, Delia. 2005. "Women and Migration in Contemporary China." >i>China
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 <BIBTEXT> Hudson, Valerie M., and Andrea M. Den Boer. 2004. "China:
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 Zhongguo chengxiang liudong renkou de tuili yu lali yinsu fenxi" (An
 analysis of push and pull factors in the migration of rural workers in
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 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, Shi. 2001. "Zhongguo nongcun nÃ¼
 laodongli liudong xingwei de jingyan fenxi" (Empirical analysis of
 migration behaviors of rural female labor in China). >i>Shanghai jingji
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 2002. "Jiejue nongcun pinkun wenti xuyao you xinde zhanlue siwei: ping
 shijie yinhang xinde huiji pingkun renkou de nongcun fazhan zhanlue"
 (Needed new ideas on rural poverty reduction: a review of the World Bank's
 new rural development strategy favoring impoverished population).
 >i>Beijing daxue xuebao>/i> (>i>Journal of Beijing
 University)>/i>Â >b>39>/b>, no. 5: 5-8.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
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 2004. "Ban liudong jiating zhong liushou funÃ¼ de jiating he hunyin
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 "Woguo liudong renkou yi chaoguo yidiansi yi, lifa weiquan kebu ronghuan"
 (China's floating population is over 140 million, legislation to protect
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 Labor Migrants in Shanghai." >i>China Economic Review>/i>Â >b>12>/b>:
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 <BIBTEXT> Song, Lina. 1999. "The Role of Women in Labor Migration." In
 >i>Women of China: Economic and Social Transformation>/i>, ed. J. West,
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 Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>19</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Su, Qun, and Hua Liu. 2003. "Nongcun nÃ¼xing laodongli liudong
 de shizheng yanjiu" (Empirical study of labor mobility of rural women).
 >i>Nongye jingji wenti>/i> (>i>Agriculture Economic Issues)>/i>Â >b>4>/b>:
 39-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>20</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Tan, Shen. 2005. "Waichu he huixiang: nongcun liudong nÃ¼xing de
 jingli" (Migrate to cities and return to the countryside: Experience of
 rural migrant women). >i>Nongcun. Nongye. Nongmin>/i> (>i>Countryside.
 Agriculture. Peasants)>/i>Â >b>10B>/b>: 8-11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
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 Liu. 2007. "Zhusanjiao yu changsanjiao wailaigong bijiao yanjiu" (First
 report on a comparison study of migrant workers in the Pearl delta and the
 Yangtze delta). >i>Zhujiang jingji>/i> (>i>Pearl River
 Economy)>/i>Â >b>4>/b>: 28-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 bimian chengxiang shouru chaju jinyibu kuoda" (How to avoid the widening
 urban-rural income gap). >i>Nongyi jingji wenti>/i> (>i>Issues in
 Agricultural Economy)>/i>Â >b>2>/b>: 13-18.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
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 "Children's Education Becomes Top Concern for Migrant Workers." December
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 href='http://www.china.org.cn/english/Life/115735.htm'>www.china.org.cn/en
 glish/Life/115735.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Heather Xiaoquan. 1999a. "Female
 Migration and Urban Labor Markets in Tianjin." >i>Development and
 Change>/i>Â >b>30>/b>: 21-41.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
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 "Understanding Changes in Women's Status in the Context of the Recent
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 Transformation>/i>, ed. J. West, M.H. Zhao, X.Q. Chang, and Y. Cheng, pp.
 45-66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
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 2005. "Dangdai Zhongguo nÃ¼xing renkou qianyi de fazhan jiqi jiegou
 tezheng" (Development of contemporary female migration of China and its
 structural characteristics). >i>Shichang yu renkou Fenxi>/i> (>i>Market
 and Demographic Analysis)>/i>Â >b>11>/b>, no. 2: 13-19.</BIBTEXT>     
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 "Hope for China's Migrant Women Workers." >i>China Business Review>/i>
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 no. 1: 18-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:4:p:63-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuk-shing  Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk-shing  
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Title: Reforms of the Agricultural Bank of China 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates the evolution of the ABC, from its reestablishment
 in 1979 as a state bank to the announcement of shareholding reform toward
 the end of 2008. The ambivalence of the government in reforming the ABC
 and the limitations of the reforms are studied. The concluding analysis
 examines the meanings and implications of the reforms and discusses how
 the ABC has been finding ways, by means of local experiments, to reconcile
 policy and commercial objectives.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 79-97 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=00Q626QT25568673 
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Agricultural Bank of
 China. 2006. >i>Annual Report of the Agricultural Bank of China.>/i>
 Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Brandt, Loren, and Xiaodong Zhu. 2007. "China's Banking Sector
 and Economic Growth." In >i>China's Financial Transition at a
 Crossroads>/i>, ed. Charles W. Calomiris, pp. 86-136. New York: Columbia
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Chen, Xiwen, ed. 2004. >i>Studies of the Chinese
 Government's System of Utilization and Management Funds Supporting Rural
 Development.>/i> Shanxi: Shanxi jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Enjiang, and
 Yuk-shing Cheng. 2003. "Banking Reform and the Separation of Policy and
 Commercial Loans." In >i>Rural Financial Markets in China>/i>, ed.
 Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, Enjiang Cheng, and Gang Zhu, pp.
 46-62. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Yuk-shing. 1996. "China's Grain
 Marketing System Reform in 1994-1995: Empirical Evidence from a Rural
 Household Survey." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 7, no. 2:
 135-53.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Yuk-shing. 2006. "China's Reforms of Rural Credit
 CooperativesâProgress and Limitations." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no.
 4: 25-40.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Yuk-shing, and Shu-ki Tsang. 1994. "The Changing Grain
 Marketing System in China." >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no. 140 (December):
 1080-1124.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Guo, Tianyong. 2006. "Reform of Agricultural Bank: The Key Is to
 Allocate the Management Powers to Lower Level Operating Units." >i>21st
 Century Business Herald>/i>, May 29: 34.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Li, Liming, and Renxion Zeng. 2007.
 >i>1979-2006: China's Big Financial Changes.>/i> Shanghai: Shanghai renmin
 chubanshe (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, Yizhi, and Yanfang Li. 2004. >i>Rural
 Public Finance and Finance.>/i> Beijing: Zhongguo jinrong chubanshe (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Lu, Lei. 2006. "The Reform of Agricultural Bank Is the Most
 Difficult in China's Financial Reform." >i>21st Century Business
 Herald>/i>, May 29: 33.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ma, Guonan, and Ben S. C. Fung. 2002.
 "China's Asset Management Corporations." BIS Working Papers, no. 115,
 Basel, Switzerland.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wu, Chengji, ed. 2000. >i>Zhongguo Nongye
 Yinhangshi>/i> (A History of the Agricultural Bank of China). Beijing:
 Jingji kexue chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Yun. 2004. "A Study of the
 Rural-Related Credit Policies of the Agricultural Bank of China." In >i>A
 Study of the Reforms of the Utilization and Management System of
 Agricultural Funds of the Chinese Government>/i>, ed. Xiwen Chen. Shanxi:
 Shanxi jingji chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Yi. 2007. >i>Zhongguo nongcun
 jinrong tizhi zhanluexing chonggou yanjiu>/i> (A Study of the Strategic
 Restructuring of China's Rural Financial System). Beijing: Jingji kexue
 chubanshe.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:79-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles C. L. Kwong 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles C. L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwong 
Author-Name: Wai-chung  Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-chung  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Title: China's Banking Reform After WTO Accession: Mission Completed or Problem Unsolved? 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C82HQV27203222W2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:3-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles C. L. Kwong 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles C. L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwong 
Title: From Commercialization to WTO Accession 
Abstract:
 Banking reform since China's accession to the World Trade Organization
 (WTO) has accomplished unprecedented positive results, but its long-term
 success rests on whether the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs) can
 continue to improve their asset quality and corporate governance. To reach
 this end, the central government has to further diminish its influence on
 the operation of SOCBs and allow the state banks to be governed by market
 discipline. Current reforms may not be full-fledged enough to sustain
 China's future economic development, reflected by the noticeable capital
 constraints facing small and medium-size private enterprises, particularly
 those in rural areas. The commercialization of specialized banks (SBs) in
 1994, which paved the way to China's WTO accession, will be briefly
 examined along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of China's post-WTO
 banking reforms, concluding with a description of the challenges facing
 China's banking sector.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-20 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DMV7954823587M45 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, Jonathan.
 2008. "China's New Banking System." In >i>China into the Future: Making
 Sense of the World's Most Dynamic Economy>/i>, ed. John W. Hoffmann and
 Michael J. Enright, pp. 163-212. Singapore: John Wiley.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Brehm, S. 2008.
 "Risk Management in China's State BanksâInternational Best Practice and
 Political Economy of Regulation." >i>Business and Politics>/i> 10, no. 1:
 1-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Brehm, S., and C. Macht. 2005. "Is a New Broom Sweeping Clean?
 The Emergence of China Banking Regulatory Commission."
 >i>Aussenwirtschaft>/i> (June): 169-202.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Hansakul, Syetarn. 2006. "China's
 Banking Sector: Ripe for the Next Stage." >i>Current Issues-China
 Special.>/i> Frankfurt: Deutsche Bank Research.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Hubbard, R. Glenn. 2008.
 >i>Money, the Financial System, and the Economy.>/i> Boston:
 Addison-Wesley.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> >i>KPMG Report.>/i> 2007. "Mainland Banking Survey 2007."
 KPMG LLP.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> >i>KPMG Report.>/i> 2008. "Mainland Banking Survey 2008." KPMG
 LLP.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Kudrna, Zdenek. 2007. "Banking Reform in China: Driven by
 International Standards and Chinese Specifics." Munich Personal RePEc
 Archive (MPRA), Paper no. 7320.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kwong, Charles C. L. 2007a. "Where Is
 China's Rural Economy Heading For: A Brighter Future or Problems
 Unsolved?" In >i>Challenges and Policy Programme of China's New
 Leadership>/i>, ed. Joseph Y. S. Cheng, pp. 389-412. Hong Kong: City
 University of Hong Kong Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kwong, Charles C. L. 2007b. "China's New
 Socialist Countryside: Cures for Rural Problems?" Paper presented at the
 Second Annual Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Hong Kong,
 University of Hong Kong, January 26-27.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kwong, Charles C. L., and K. Pak
 Lee. 2005. "Bad Loans Versus Sluggish Rural Industrial Growth: A Policy
 Dilemma of China's Banking Reform." >i>Journal of the Asia Pacific
 Economy>/i> 10, no. 1: 1-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lardy, Nicholas R. 1998. >i>China's
 Unfinished Economic Revolution.>/i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>       
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 <BIBTEXT> >i>The Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial
 Banks.>/i> 1995. Beijing: Zhongguo fazhi chubanshe (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lo,
 Wai-chung. 2001. "A Retrospect on China's Banking Reform." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 34, no. 1: 15-28.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mehran, H., M. Quintyn, T. Nordmann, and
 B. Laurens. 1996. >i>Monetary and Exchange System Reforms in China: An
 Experience in Gradualism.>/i> Washington, DC: International Monetary
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 <BIBTEXT> Mishkin, Frederic S. 2006. >i>The Economics of Money.>/i>
 Boston: Addison-Wesley.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Muroi, Hidetaro. 2007. "Chinese Banking
 Reform Requires Greater Competition." >i>JCER Staff Report.>/i> Tokyo:
 Japan Centre for Economic Research.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Naughton, Barry. 2007. >i>The Chinese
 Economy: Transition and Growth.>/i> Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Okazaki, Kumiko.
 2007. "Banking System Reform in China: The Challenge of Moving Toward a
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 <BIBTEXT> Thomas, Stephen, and Chen Ji. 2006. "Banking on Reform."
 >i>China Business Review.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0605/thomas.html'>www.chin
 abusinessreview.com/public/0605/thomas.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wolf, Charles, K. C. Yeh,
 Benjamin Zycher, Nicholas Eberstadt, and Sung-ho Lee. 2003. >i>Fault Lines
 in China's Economic Terrain.>/i> Santa Monica, CA: RAND.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Woo, Wing Thye.
 2003. "The Macroeconomic Consequences of China's Partially Reformed
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 50 (November/December): 1-9. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cefc.com.hk/uk/pc/articles/art_ligne.php?num_art_ligne=50
 01'>www.cefc.com.hk/uk/pc/articles/art_ligne.php?num_art_ligne=5001>/a></B
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 Reforms.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:8-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fred  Gale 
Author-X-Name-First: Fred  
Author-X-Name-Last: Gale 
Title: Financial Reforms Push Capital to the Countryside 
Abstract:
 In the past, rural finance was neglected. Now China has utilized its
 abundant capital to recapitalize rural credit cooperatives, increase
 financing for agricultural commodity procurement, and promote microlending
 on an unprecedented scale. It has begun experiments in creating new
 village banks, loan guarantee companies, and formalizing informal lenders.
 Restructuring of institutions appears to have addressed some of the most
 egregious problems that existed in earlier decades, but the basic
 structure of the rural financial system is unchanged. The overarching
 theme of reforms appears to be to push more capital into rural areas.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-78 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FH5867456Q154144 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Enjiang, and
 Zhong Xu. 2004. "Credit Outreach and the Agricultural Support on Lending
 Programs." International Workshop on Household Credit in China, Beijing
 University. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.virginia.edu/economics/papers/reynolds/Cheng%20Enjiang.do
 c'>www.virginia.edu/economics/papers/reynolds/Cheng%20Enjiang.doc>/a></BIB
 TEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> China
 Financial Almanac Compilation Department. 2007. >i>Almanac of China's
 Finance and Banking.>/i> Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gale, Fred, and Robert Collender. 2005.
 >i>New Directions in Agricultural Lending.>/i> USDA Outlook Report,
 WRS0501.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> He, Guangwen, and Pei Guo. 2003. "Rational Thoughts on the
 Reform of Rural Policy Finance." Paper presented at the International
 Workshop on Rural Financial Reform in China, Beijing, August
 16-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Jiang, Dingzhi. 2007. "Tuijin Nongcun Jinrong Gaige yu
 Chuangxin" (Advance Rural Financial Reform and Innovation). Speech
 delivered at the China Rural Financial Work Forum, December 7.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Jiao, Jinpu,
 Cheng Yi, and Yuzhen Wang. 2006. "Financial Levers Stimulate a Large
 Country's AgricultureâComparative Research on China's Current Rural
 Financial Situation." People's Bank of China research report, summarized
 in "21 shiji jingji baodao" (21st Century Economic Report).</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, Weiling.
 2005. "New round of Reforms Stimulates Rural Credit Cooperative Vigor."
 >i>International Finance Times>/i>, November 29.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Li, Weiling. 2008.
 "Nongxinshe Gaige Zai Guo Shizi Lukou" (Rural Credit Cooperative Reform
 Again at a Crossroads). >i>International Finance Times>/i> (February
 28).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2008. >i>China Statistical
 Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic
 Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2004. >i>Rural Finance and Credit
 Infrastructure in China.>/i> Paris.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ong, Lynette. 2006. "Another Bail-Out
 Job." >i>China Economic Quarterly>/i> (Q1): 48-52.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ong, Lynette. 2007. "The
 Political Economy of Credit in Rural China: The Rural Credit
 Cooperatives." Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National
 University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> People's Bank of China (PBOC), Rural Financial Services Research
 Group. 2008. >i>Zhongguo nongcun jinrong fuwu baogao>/i> (China Rural
 Financial Services Report). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2008-09/19/content_1100557.htm'>www.gov.cn/gz
 dt/2008-09/19/content_1100557.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Rawski, Thomas. 2002. "Will Investment
 Behavior Constrain China's Growth?" >i>China Economic Review>/i> 13:
 361-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Tan, Qiucheng. 2007. "Township and Village Debts." In
 >i>Analysis and Forecast of China's Rural Economy 2006-07>/i>, Chinese
 Academy of Social Sciences and National Bureau of Statistics, pp. 273-84.
 Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>16</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Tsai, Kellee S. 2006. "Testimony
 before the U. S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on China's
 Financial System," August 22. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2006hearings/transcripts/aug_22/kellee_
 tsai_posthear.pdf'>www.uscc.gov/hearings/2006hearings/transcripts/aug_22/k
 ellee_tsai_posthear.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Lengleng, Siqun Yang, et al.). 2007.
 >i>Zhongguo nongcun jinrong fazhan yanjiu>/i> (Research on China Rural
 Financial Development). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xiao, Chunyang.
 2006. "Guoyou liangshi qiye gaige âshi wuâ qijian chengxiao xianzhu"
 (Notable Results from Reforms of State-owned Grain Enterprises During the
 â10-5â Period.) In >i>Zhongguo liangshi shichang fazhan baogao>/i>
 (2006 China Grain Market Development Report), ed. Jingmo Li, pp. 171-81.
 Beijing: China Finance and Economics Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xie, Ping. 2003.
 "Reforms of China's Rural Credit Cooperatives and Policy Options."
 >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14: 434-42.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>20</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Licheng, and Ruilao Dong.
 2007. "Reform of Fiscal Management System at County and Township Level."
 In >i>Analysis and Forecast of China's Rural Economy 2006-07>/i>, ed.
 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and National Bureau of Statistics, pp.
 256-72. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>21</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Yuanhong. 2007.
 "Agriculture, Rural Economy and National Economy." In >i>Analysis and
 Forecast of China's Rural Economy 2006-07>/i>, ed. Chinese Academy of
 Social Sciences and National Bureau of Statistics, pp. 53-70. Beijing:
 Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Wenxian. 2006. "Liangshi caiwu
 guazhang wentide fenxi yu zongshu" (Overview and Analysis of Suspended
 Financial Accounts for Grain). In >i>2006 Zhongguo liangshi shichang
 fazhan baogao>/i> (2006 China Grain Market Development Report), ed. Jingmo
 Li, pp. 217-29. Beijing: China Finance and Economics Publishing
 House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhu, Ling, Zhongyi Jiang, and Joachim von Braun. 1997. >i>Credit
 Systems for the Rural Poor in China.>/i> Commack, NY: Nova
 Science.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:58-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-chung  Lo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-chung  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo 
Author-Name: Michael C. M. Ng 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael C. M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng 
Title: Banking Reform and Corporate Governance 
Abstract:
 Recent developments and problems of corporate governance in Chinese banks
 are reviewed. The central government has tried to improve corporate
 governance, but China still has a "market economy with socialist
 characteristics." Key industries, such as banking, are firmly controlled
 by the state, and their leaders are appointed by the state. The China
 Banking Regulatory Committee was established in 2003 to regulate and
 monitor banks, but transparency remains elusive in the banking industry.
 An effective system of corporate governance is necessary for the Chinese
 banking industry to gauge the success of the banking reform and to inspire
 market confidence.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-39 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W85R16X336U6XL72 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Braendle, Udo, Tanja
 Gasser, and Juergen Noll. 2005. "Corporate Governance in ChinaâIs
 Economic Growth Potential Hindered by >i>Guanxi?" Business and Society
 Review>/i> 110, no. 4: 389-405.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chartered Financial Analyst Institute.
 2007. >i>China Corporate Governance Survey.>/i> Charlottesville, VA: CFA
 Institute Center Publications.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Firth, Michael, Oliver M. Rui, and Peter
 M. Y. Fung. 2006. "Corporate Governance and CEO Compensation in China."
 >i>Journal of Corporate Finance>/i> 12, no. 4: 693-714.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> GarcÃ­a-Herrero,
 Alicia, and Daniel SantabÃ¡rbara GarcÃ­a. 2008. "Does the Chinese Banking
 System Benefit from Foreign Investors?" Bank of Finland Transition
 Economies Discussion Paper No. 11/2008.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Gillette, Ann B., Thomas H. Noe, and
 Michael J. Rebello. 2003. "Corporate Board Composition, Protocols, and
 Voting Behavior: Experimental Evidence." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 58, no.
 5: 1997-2032.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Heidrick and Struggles International. 2006. "Benchmarking
 Corporate Governance in China." Chicago.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>7</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lardy, Nicholas. 1998. >i>China's
 Unfinished Economic Reform.>/i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Levine, Ross. 2003. "The Corporate Governance of Banks: A
 Concise Discussion of Concepts and Evidence." Discussion Paper, No. 3.
 Global Corporate Governance Forum, Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lo, Wai-chung. 2001. "A
 Retrospect on China's Banking Reform." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 34, no. 1:
 15-28.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> McKinsey Report. 2002. >i>McKinsey Global Investor Opinion
 Survey on Corporate Governance.>/i> July.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>11</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic
 Cooperation and Development. 2002. >i>China in the World Economy: Domestic
 Policy Challenges.>/i> Paris.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:21-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guibin  Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Guibin  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Russell  Smyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell  
Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth 
Title: An Emerging Credit-Reporting System in China 
Abstract:
 A more complete credit-reporting system has to evolve in China in order to
 better manage risk and reduce the amount of nonperforming loans. The
 rationale for having a credit-reporting system is outlined through a
 review of the literature on asymmetric information. A case study of a
 private credit-reporting agency, established in 2000, is studied. This was
 the first one in Chengdu and one of the earliest in China. In addition,
 there is a discussion of the progress the People's Bank of China has made
 in establishing a unified national credit-reporting system since 2004.
 China has made much progress in this sphere and at present operates the
 largest credit-reporting database in the world. There is, however, still
 plenty of scope for improvement, including better cooperation between
 public and private credit-reporting services, with a view to providing a
 more streamlined product.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-57 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X5867VN75L54338Q 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Akerlof, George A.
 1970. "The Market for âLemonsâ: Quality Uncertainty and the Market
 Mechanism." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 84: 488-500.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Anderson,
 Jonathan. 2006. "How Real Is China's Bank Cleanup?" UBS Investment
 Research, Asian Focus.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> >i>China Daily.>/i> 2002. "Private Sector
 Wants Role in Credit System." November 29.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Davis, Lance E., and Douglass
 C. North. 1971. >i>Institutional Change and American Economic Growth.>/i>
 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Hassard, John, Jonathon Morris, Jackie
 Sheehan, and Yuxin Xiao. 2006. "Downsizing the Danwei: Chinese
 State-Enterprise Reform and the Surplus Labour Question." >i>International
 Journal of Human Resource Management>/i> 17: 1441-55.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> International
 Finance Corporation. 2000. >i>China's Emerging Private Enterprises:
 Prospects for the New Century.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jappelli, Tulio, and Marco
 Pagano. 1993. "Information Sharing in Credit Markets." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 43: 1693-1718.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jappelli, Tulio, and Marco Pagano. 2002.
 "Information Sharing, Lending and Defaults: Cross-Country Evidence."
 >i>Journal of Banking and Finance>/i> 26: 2017-45.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jappelli, Tulio, and Marco
 Pagano. 2003. "Public Credit Information: A European Perspective." In
 >i>Credit-reporting Systems and the International Economy>/i>, ed.
 Margaret Miller, pp. 81-114. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jappelli, Tulio,
 and Marco Pagano. 2005. "Role and Effects of Credit Information Sharing."
 Working Paper No. 136, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance,
 Naples.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kallberg, Jarl, and Gregory Udell. 2003. "The Value of Private
 Sector Business Credit Information Sharing: The U. S. Case." >i>Journal of
 Banking and Finance>/i> 27: 449-69.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Klein, Daniel. 1992. "Promise Keeping in
 the Great Society: A Model of Credit Information Sharing." >i>Economics
 and Politics>/i> 4: 117-36.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lardy, Nicholas. 1998. >i>China's
 Unfinished Economic Revolution.>/i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Li, Jianyun, Wanhua Qiu, and Shuguang Li. 2005. "Strategy and
 Suggestion on the Development of the Credit-Reporting Industry in China."
 >i>Chinese Business Review>/i> 4: 16-21.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Love, Inessa, and Nataliya Mylenko.
 2003. "Credit-Reporting and Financing Constraints." World Bank Policy
 Research Working Paper No. 3142. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Miller, Margaret. 2003.
 "Credit-Reporting Systems Around the Globe." In >i>Credit-Reporting
 Systems and the International Economy>/i>, ed. Margaret Miller, pp. 25-80.
 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ongena, Steven, and David C. Smith. 1998.
 "Bank Relationships: A Review." In >i>The Performance of Financial
 Institutions>/i>, ed. P. Harker and S. A. Zenios, pp. 221-58. Cambridge:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Padilla, A. Jorge, and Marco Pagano.
 1997. "Endogenous Communication Among Lenders and Entrepreneurial
 Incentives." >i>Review of Financial Studies>/i> 10: 205-236.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Padilla, A.
 Jorge, and Marco Pagano. 2000. "Sharing Default Information as a Borrower
 Discipline Device." >i>European Economic Review>/i> 44: 1951-80.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>20</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Podpiera,
 Richard. 2006. "Progress in China's Banking Sector Reform: Has Bank
 Behavior Changed?" Working Paper WP/06/71. International Monetary Fund,
 Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>21</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Smyth, Russell. 1998. "New Institutional Economics in the
 Post-Socialist Transformation Debate." >i>Journal of Economic Surveys>/i>
 12: 361-98.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>22</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Tsai, Kellee S. 2002. >i>Back-Alley Banking: Private
 Entrepreneurs in China.>/i> Ithaca: Cornell University Press.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>23</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wan, Cunzhi.
 2004. "Comments on âBest World Practices in Credit Reporting and Data
 Protectionâ: Lessons for China." Paper presented at the International
 Workshop on Household Credit, Peking University and University of
 Virginia, August 7.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>24</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wei, Feng. 2000. >i>China's Financial
 Sector Reform in the Transition to a Market Economy.>/i> Hamburg:
 LIT.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Wei, Guoxiong. 2007. "The Application of the PBOC
 Credit-reporting System in ICBC: Effects, Understanding and Suggestions."
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.pbc.gov.cn/zhengxinguanli/yanjiucankao/ppt3/13.doc'>www.p
 bc.gov.cn/zhengxinguanli/yanjiucankao/ppt3/13.doc>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Williamson,
 Oliver E. 1996. >i>The Mechanisms of Governance.>/i> New York: Oxford
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>27</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Wu, Fangming. 2004. "Can the Chinese Approach to Bank
 Restructuring Effectively Promote Bank Reform?" Paper presented at the
 Fourth Asian Academy of Management Conference, Fudan University,
 Shanghai.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:5:p:40-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhongxiu  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongxiu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Zhi  Lv 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lv 
Title: Global Supply Chain and the Chinese Auto Industry 
Abstract:
 This paper presents the latest global trends of auto supply chains in the
 demand-supply framework and their link to the Chinese auto industry. As
 emerging players in the world market, Chinese auto enterprises have
 experienced rapid growth for the past two decades. This has brought many
 problems, including a severe bottleneck of auto supply chains in the
 internationalization process. Some target-oriented macroand micro-policy
 implications are provided for supply chain management in the further
 development of Chinese auto supply chains.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-44 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=04713TG340777033 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Buckley, P.J., J.
 Clegg, and C. Wang. 2002. "The Impact of Inward FDI on the Performance of
 Chinese Manufacturing Firms." >i>Journal of International Business
 Studies>/i> 33, no. 4: 637-55.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fang Chun-ming. 2005. "Research on the
 Present Situation and the Developing Strategy of Supply Chain Management
 of Chinese Automobile Industry." >i>Logistics Technology>/i> 10:
 103-5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Holweg, M., and F.K. Pil. 2004. >i>The Second Century:
 Reconnecting Customer and Value Chain Through Build-to-Order.>/i>
 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Holweg, M., J. Luo, and N. Oliver. 2009.
 "The Past, Present, and Future of China's Auto Industry: A Value Chain
 Perspective." >i>International Journal of Technological Learning,
 Innovations and Development>/i> 2, no. 1: 76-118.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Humphrey, J., and O.
 Memedovic. 2003. "The Global Auto Industry Value Chain: What Prospects for
 Upgrading by Developing Countries?" Sectoral studies series. United
 Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kearney, A.T. 2004.
 >i>The Changing Face of China: China as an Offshore Destination for IT and
 Business Processing Outsourcing.>/i> Chicago.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Kouvelis, P., and J.
 Niederhoff. 2006. "On the Globalization of Operations and Supply Chain
 Strategies: A Conceptual Framework and Its Application." In >i>Building
 Supply Chains in Emerging Economies>/i>, ed. H. Lee and C.Y. Lee, 3-36.
 New York: Springer.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> McGunagle, D. 2006. "Romancing the Big DragonâThe
 Impact of Foreign Entry into the Chinese Automobile Industry." Ph.D.
 dissertation, Capella University.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Noble, G. 2006. "The Emergence of the
 Chinese and Indian Automobile Industries and Implications for Other
 Developing Countries." Working Paper (May), Institute of Social Sciences,
 University of Tokyo.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Schwarz, Michael. 2008. "Trends in the
 Auto IndustryâImplications on Supply Chain Management." White Paper for
 Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (February).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sturgeon, T.J., and R.K.
 Lester. 2004. "The New Global Supply-Base: New Challenges for Local
 Suppliers in East Asia." In >i>Global Production Networking and
 Technological Change in East Asia>/i>, ed. Y. Shahid, A.M. Anjum, and K.
 Nabeshima, 3-89. Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Sturgeon, T.J., J.V. Biesebroeck, and G. Gereffi. 2008. "Value
 Chains, Networks and Clusters: Reframing the Global Auto Industry."
 >i>Journal of Economic Geography>/i> 8: 297-321.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sutton, J. 2004. "The
 Auto-Component Supply Chain in China and IndiaâA Benchmarking Study."
 Working Paper (February), London School of Economics and Political
 Science.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Veloso, F., and R. Kumar. 2002. "Auto Supply Chain: Global
 Trends and Asian Perspectives." Working Paper Series No. 3, (January).
 Asian Development Bank.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:27-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Changwen  Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Changwen  
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Jiang  Du 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang  
Author-X-Name-Last: Du 
Title: Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Western China 
Abstract:
 Employing the Douglas production function, the effect of capital formation
 on economic growth is investigated empirically in western China and
 compared with the eastern and central regions. Regional inequality is
 viewed to be closely related to capital formation, such as local-fiscal
 expenditure, central-government investment, loans, equity financing,
 foreign direct investment (FDI), and private investment. The west is
 generally weaker in capital formation than the eastern and central
 regions. Findings indicate that local-fiscal capital expenditure and
 central-government investment have a significant positive effect on growth
 in the central and western regions. Loans have no significant effect on
 growth in any of the regions. Effects of equity financing are significant
 for growth in the eastern and central regions, but not in the west. The
 link between FDI and growth is stronger in the west than in central China,
 but weaker than in the east.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-26 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=120638M220534360 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bai Tao. 2004. "The
 Current Situation and Financing Efficiency in Western China." >i>Financial
 Review>/i> 5: 3-9 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barro, R.J. 1990. "Government Spending in
 a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i>
 98: 103-25.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Cao, Fengqi. 2003. >i>Development Strategy for the Chinese
 Capital Market.>/i> Peking: Peking University Press (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Devarajan, S., V. Swaroop, and H. Zou. 1996. "The Composition of
 Public Expenditure and Economic Growth." >i>Journal of Monetary
 Economics>/i> 37: 313-44.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ding, Xiaosong. 2005. "Cointegration and
 Causality Analysis Between Structural Change in Exports and Economic
 Growth of China." >i>Value Engineering>/i> 8: 3-4 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Du Jiang,
 Jiang Yin, and TianWei Dong. 2004. "Empirical Study of FDI and Regional
 Economic Development." >i>Journal of Sichuan University>/i> 2: 27-31 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Gang, Meng, and Derang Zhang. 2003. "Dynamic Empirical Analysis
 of the Contribution Made by Fiscal Expenditure to Macroeconomic Growth."
 >i>Public Finance Research>/i> 11: 39-41 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Goldsmith,
 Raymond W. 1955. "Financial Structure and Economic Growth in Advanced
 Countries." >i>National Bureau of Economic Research>/i> 2:
 111-68.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gurley, J.G., and E. Shaw. 1995. "Financial Aspects of Economic
 Development." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 45 (September):
 516-22.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hicks, John A. 1969. >i>Theory of Economic History.>/i> Oxford:
 Clarendon Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> King, Robert G., and Ross Levine. 1993. "Finance and
 Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i>
 108: 717-38.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Levine, Ross, and Sara Zervos. 1998. "Stockmarkets, Banks, and
 Economic Growth." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 98, no. 3:
 537-58.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lou Hong. 2004. "Public Investment Policy in Long-Term Economic
 Growth." >i>Economic Research Journal>/i> 3: 10-19 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>14</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Merton,
 Robert C.A. 1987. "Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with
 Incomplete Information." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 42: 483-510.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> National
 Bureau of Statistics. 1993-2007a. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i>
 Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics.
 1993-2007b. >i>The Financial Yearbook of China.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>17</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Sang, Xiuguo. 2002. "Utilization of Foreign Investment and
 Economic GrowthâA Theoretical Model Based on the Theory of Neo-Economic
 Growth and a Validation of Chinese Data." >i>Management World>/i> 9: 53-63
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Tan, Ruyong. 1999. "Analysis on the Relation Between Chinese
 Financial Development and Economic Growth with Authentic Proof."
 >i>Economic Research Journal>/i> 10: 53-61 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wu, Linhai, and
 Jihai Chen. 2003. "Agglomeration Effects, Foreign Direct Investment and
 Economic Growth." >i>Management World>/i> 8: 136-37 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Tianding. 2004. "FDI, Transmission Mechanism with Chinese
 Economic Growth." >i>Management World>/i> 10: 40-48 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Jinping. 2001. >i>Utilization of FDI and the Economic
 Growth of China.>/i> Beijing: People's Press of Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Zhenquan,
 and Fenghui Xue. 2004. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in
 China." >i>Journal of Financial Research>/i> 8: 98-99 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>23</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zhong, Changbiao. 2000. "Theory and Example on the Relationship
 Between Foreign Investment and Regional Economic Growth." >i>Journal of
 Quantitative and Technical Economics>/i> 1: 31-33 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:7-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chunfa  Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Chunfa  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Kun  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kun  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Yingkai  Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yingkai  
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: Venture Capital and Mobilization Efficiency in China 
Abstract:
 This paper aims to analyze the mobilization efficiency of venture capital
 (VC) in China. It has been found that the dearth of venture capitalists,
 absence of appropriate exit channels, and lack of open, active, mature,
 and stable equity-driven capital markets result in low mobilization
 efficiency in China's VC markets. Therefore, government should take an
 appropriate role to facilitate VC development by educating entrepreneurs,
 providing a more favorable entrepreneurial environment, thereby reducing
 time, financial and opportunity costs, encouraging private investment
 funds to absorb the country's tremendous savings, and encouraging
 institutional investors to further develop capital markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-65 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=211110UR2M0L1271 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank.
 2003. >i>Asian Development Outlook.>/i> New York: Oxford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Barkley, D., and D. Markley. 2001. "Nontraditional Sources of
 Venture Capital for Rural America." >i>Rural America>/i> 16, no. 1:
 19-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, Siwei, ed. 2006. >i>China Venture Capital Yearbook.>/i>
 Beijing: Democracy and Construction Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cheng, Siwei, ed.
 2008. >i>China Venture Capital Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: Democracy and
 Construction Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> China Society for Finance and Banking.
 2007. >i>Almanac of China's Finance and Banking.>/i> Beijing: China
 Society for Finance and Banking Editorial Department Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Etzkowitz, Henry.
 2002. "The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government: Implications
 for Policy and Evaluation." Science Policy Institute, Working paper
 11.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Etzkowitz, Henry, M. Gulbrandsen, and J. Levitt. 2001. >i>Public
 Venture Capital.>/i> 2d ed. New York: Aspen.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Galante, S.P. 2006. "An
 Overview of the VC Industry and Emerging Changes." Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.vcinstitute.org/materials/galante.html'>www.vcinstitute.o
 rg/materials/galante.html>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gompers, P., and J. Lerner. 2001. "The VC
 Revolution." >i>Journal of Economic Perspectives>/i> 15, no. 2:
 145-68.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hunt, S., and J. Levie. 2003. "Culture as a Predictor of
 Entrepreneurial Activity." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/babson2003/vii/vii-p3/vii-p3.html'>
 www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/babson2003/vii/vii-p3/vii-p3.html>/a></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Jeng, L.A.,
 and P.C. Wells. 2000. "The Determinants of VC Funding: Evidence Across
 Countries." >i>Journal of Corporate Finance>/i> 6: 241-89.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Lerner, J. 1999.
 "The Government as VCist: The Long-run Effects of the SBIR Program."
 >i>Journal of Business>/i> 72: 285-318.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics of
 China, ed. 2008. >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>14</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> National Venture Capital Association. 2000. >i>NVCA
 Yearbook.>/i> New York: Thomson Reuters.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Plous, S. 1993. >i>The Psychology
 of Judgment and Decision Making.>/i> New York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Stevenson, H.H.,
 and D.E. Gumpert. 1985. "The Heart of Entrepreneurship." >i>Harvard
 Business Review>/i> 63, no. 2: 85-94.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>17</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Stillman, R.D. 2002. "Government
 Support for VC." Beijing Forum on SME Financing, May 14.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, S., and Y.
 Wang, eds. 2006. >i>Venture Capital Development in China 2006.>/i>
 Beijing: Economy and Management Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wang, S., and Y. Wang,
 eds. 2008. >i>Venture Capital Development in China 2008.>/i> Beijing:
 Economy and Management Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>20</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Willmott, H., D. Grimshaw, and S.
 Vincent. 2002, "New Control Modes and Emergent Organizational Forms:
 Private-Public Contracting in Public Administration." >i>Administrative
 Theory and Praxis>/i> 23, no. 3: 407-30.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>21</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Changwen, S. Bao, and C.
 Chen. 2006. "Public VC and its Private Strategies in China." In >i>Chinese
 Economy After WTO Accession>/i>, ed. S. Bao, S. Lin, and C. Zhao, 155-80.
 Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:45-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Capital Markets, Industrial Development, and the Role of China in the World Economy 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G441R6574711W4VH 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shiteng  Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Shiteng  
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Yihong  Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yihong  
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: European Union Antidumping Investigations Against China 
Abstract:
 The European Union (EU) has become China's largest trade partner. Although
 China is the EU's second-largest trading partner and its largest source of
 imports, trade frictions between them have been increasing dramatically.
 In fact, China has become the major target of EU antidumping
 investigations in recent years. This paper attempts to identify the main
 features and determinants of EU antidumping investigations against China.
 EU antidumping policies and rules will be studied, then, based on the
 binomial probit, empirical analyses of factors behind the EU antidumping
 charges during 1998-2006 will be conducted. Since China's accession to the
 World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, EU antidumping charges against
 China have risen significantly relative to its other trade partners. Many
 more antidumping charges were made regarding the chemical and metal
 industries than any other industries. Products or industries which have
 previously been antidumping targets seem to have a greater chance of being
 reinvestigated. Policy implications for the Chinese government indicate
 (1) to control the amount of exports to the EU, (2) to adjust export
 composition by upgrading industrial structure and enhancing global
 competitiveness, and (3) to lobby EU member countries in antidumping
 cases.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 66-80 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J73228178T2672K2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bown, Chad P. 2007.
 "China's WTO Entry: Antidumping, Safeguards, and Dispute Settlement." NBER
 Working Paper No. W13349.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Evenett, Simon J., and Vermulst Edwin.
 2005. "The Politicization of EC Anti-Dumping Policy: Member States, Their
 Votes and the European Commission." >i>World Economy>/i> 28, no. 5:
 707-17.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Feinberg, Robert. 1989. "Exchange Rate and Unfair Trade."
 >i>Review of Economics and Statistics>/i> 71, no. 4: 704-7.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feinberg, Robert.
 2005. "U.S. Antidumping Enforcement and Macroeconomic Indicators
 Revisited: Do Petitioners Learn?" >i>Review of World Economics>/i> 141,
 no. 4: 612-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Greene, W.H. 2000. >i>Econometric Analysis.>/i> Upper Saddle
 River, NJ: Prentice Hall.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hoogmartens, Jan. 2004. >i>EC Trade Law
 Following China's Accession to the WTO.>/i> The Hague: Kluwer Law
 International.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Jallab, Mustapha Sadni, Rene Sandretto, and Patrick Monnet
 Gbakou. 2006. "Antidumping Procedures and Macroeconomic Factors: A
 Comparison Between the United States and the European Union." >i>Global
 Economy Journal>/i> 6, no. 3: Article 5.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Knetter, Michael M., and Thomas J.
 Prusa. 2003. "Macroeconomic Factors and Anti-Dumping Filings: Evidence
 from Four Countries." >i>Journal of International Economics>/i> 61, no. 1:
 1-17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Lantz, Robert H. 1995. "The Search for Consistency: Treatment of
 Nonmarket Economies in Transition Under United States Antidumping and
 Countervailing Duty Laws." >i>American University Journal of International
 Law and Policy>/i> 10, no. 3: 993-1073.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Miller, John W. 2006. "Politics &
 Economics: EU Levies Tariffs on China, Vietnam; Duties on Leather Footwear
 Exacerbate Retailers' Rift With Shoemakers in Europe." >i>Wall Street
 Journal>/i> (Eastern edition), October 5: A8.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wooldridge, J.M. 2002.
 >i>Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data.>/i> Cambridge:
 MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:66-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Rise of Chinese Multinational Firms 
Abstract:
 Since 2003, China has been one of the most significant sources of outward
 foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world. How did this happen? What
 are the features of Chinese outward direct investment (ODI)? Are they
 different from developed-country FDI? Why do Chinese firms go
 multinational? What competitive advantages do Chinese firms have in going
 multinational? The Chinese ODI boom is a result of China's rapid economic
 growth and its "going-global" strategy. Chinese multinational firms are
 similar to those in developed countries in many respects, but differ
 largely in ownership structure. Their competitive advantages are derived
 mainly from China's institutional organization and efficient management in
 the production process. Four motivations of Chinese ODI are: to maintain
 and expand international markets, to secure a supply of key resources, to
 obtain firm assets from advanced economies, and to seek overseas
 opportunities with an international vision.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 81-96 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 42 
Year: 2009 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=TH70864904440208 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Buckley, Peter J., L.
 Jeremy Clegg, Adam R. Cross, Xin Liu, Hinrich Voss, and Ping Zhang. 2007.
 "The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment."
 >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 38, no. 4:
 499-518.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Cai, Kevin G. 1999. "Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Novel
 Dimension of China's Integration into the Regional and Global Economy."
 >i>China Quarterly>/i>, no. 160: 856-80.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>3</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Child, John, and Suzana B.
 Rodrigues. 2005. "The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for
 Theoretical Extension?" >i>Management and Organization Review>/i> 1, no.
 3: 381-410.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Dunning, John. 1981a. >i>International Production and the
 Multinational Enterprises.>/i> London: Allen and Unwin.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dunning, John.
 1981b. "Explaining Outward Direct Investment of Developing Countries: In
 Support of the Eclectic Theory of International Production." In
 >i>Multinationals from Developing Countries>/i>, ed. K. Krishna and M.
 McLeod, 20-35. Lexington: Lexington Books.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Lall, S. 1984. >i>The New
 Multinationals.>/i> New York: Wiley.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Makino, S., C.M. Lau, and R.S. Yeh.
 2002. "Asset Exploitation Versus Asset Seeking: Implications for Location
 Choice of Foreign Direct Investment from Newly Industrialized Economies."
 >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 33, no. 3:
 403-21.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Commerce. 2007. >i>2006 Statistical Bulletin of
 China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment.>/i> Beijing.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ministry of
 Commerce. 2008. >i>2007 Statistical Bulletin of China's Outward Foreign
 Direct Investment.>/i> Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Nicolas, FranÃ§oise, and Stephen Thomsen.
 2008. "The Rise of Chinese Firms in Europe: Motives, Strategies and
 Implications." Paper presented at the annual conference of Asia-Pacific
 Economic Association, Beijing, December 13-14.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on
 Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2006. >i>World Investment Report 2006: FDI
 from Developing and Transition Economies: Implication for Development.>/i>
 New York: United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade and
 Development (UNCTAD). 2008. >i>World Investment Report.>/i> New York:
 United Nations.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Zhan, James X. 1995. "Transnationalization and Outward
 Investment: The Case of Chinese Firms." >i>Transnational Corporations>/i>
 4, no. 3: 67-100.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:42:y:2009:i:6:p:81-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chu-Shiu  Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Chu-Shiu  
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Chin-Ping  Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chin-Ping  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Analysis of the Economic Relationship Between China and Taiwan 
Abstract:
 Most exports from Taiwan to China are raw materials for manufacturing
 plants established by Taiwanese enterprises in China. The strong economic
 relationship between China and Taiwan is built on both foreign direct
 investments and exports. This study shows the mutual influences of various
 macroeconomic variables on the relationship between China and Taiwan.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=725037105942876T 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, Rui, and Jian
 Wang, 2007. "Panel Data Analyses on FDI and China's Exports: 1995-2002."
 >i>Data Science Journal>/i> 6, Supplement: 364-74.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chien, S.H. 2005.
 "Taiwanese Firms' Foreign Direct Investment in China: Traditional
 Industries vs. Electronic Industries." >i>Journal of the American Academy
 of Business, Cambridge>/i> (March): 72-77.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
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 Econometric Time Series.>/i> New York: John Wiley and Sons.</BIBTEXT>	   
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 and C.W.J. Granger, 1987. "Co-Integration and Error Correction:
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 <BIBTEXT> Fung, H.G., Yu-sheng Hsu, Changhong Pei, and Jinjian Shen, 2003.
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 <BIBTEXT> Granger, C.W.J. 1969. "Investigation Causal Relations by
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 <BIBTEXT> Granger, C.W. J., and P. Newbold, 1974. "Spurious Regressions in
 Econometrics." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 2: 111-20.</BIBTEXT>	
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 <BIBTEXT> Johansen, S., and K. Juselius, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood
 Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand
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 <BIBTEXT> Krugman, P. 1980. "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and
 the Pattern of Trade." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 70, no. 5:
 950-59.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Phillips, P.C.B., and P. Perron, 1988. "Testing for a Unit Root
 in Time Series Regression." >i>Biometrika>/i> 75, no. 2: 335-46.</BIBTEXT>
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 1817. >i>On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.>/i> London:
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  <BIBTEXT> Rob, R., and N. Vettas, 2003. "Foreign Direct Investment and
 Exports with Growing Demand." >i>Review of Economic Studies>/i> 70, no. 3:
 629-48.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>14</BIBL>       
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 Autoregressive Moving Average Models with Unknown Order."
 >i>Biometrica>/i> 71: 599-607.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 Canadian Economic Development." >i>Journal of Development Economics>/i>
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 <BIBTEXT> Sims, C.A. 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality."
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 48: 1-48.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Kevin Honglin, and Shunfeng Song,
 2000. "Promoting Exports: The Role of Inward FDI in China." >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 11: 385-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Qing, and B. Felmingham, 2001.
 "The Relationship Between Inward Direct Foreign Investment and China's
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 82-99.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:26-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeng-Ren  Chiou 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeng-Ren  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiou 
Author-Name: Ming-Yuan Leon Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Ming-Yuan Leon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Li  Cheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Li  
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng 
Author-Name: Shih-Yuan  Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Yuan  
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Title: Pricing and Allocation Mechanisms in Underpricing of Chinese IPOs 
Abstract:
 This study tries to answer the question: Do changes in pricing and
 allocation mechanisms significantly affect the Chinese initial public
 offering (IPO) market? Four separate pricing and allocation mechanisms for
 the Chinese IPO market, operating from 1995 to 2007, are examined. We find
 that as these mechanisms evolved, the average and variance of IPO
 underpricing in China became smaller. The results indicate that as the
 Chinese IPO market has become more market-oriented, underpricing has
 significantly decreased, and the market has become more stable.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 93-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8X63M282487Q6LN3 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chan, K., J. Wang, and
 K.C. Wei, 2004. "Underpricing and Long-Term Performance of IPOs in China."
 >i>Journal of Corporate Finance>/i> 10, no 3: 409-30.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, G., M.
 Firth, and J.B. Kim, 2004. "IPO Underpricing in China's New Stock
 Markets." >i>Journal of Multinational Financial Management>/i> 14, no. 3:
 283-302.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chi, J., and C. Padgett, 2005. "Short-Run Underpricing and Its
 Characteristics in Chinese Initial Public Offering Market." >i>Research in
 International Business and Finance>/i> 19, no. 1: 71-93.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Coakley, J., N.
 Instefjord, and Z. Shen, 2007. "The Winner's Curse and Lottery-Allocated
 IPOs in China." Working paper, University of Essex.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Grinblatt, M., and C.Y.
 Hwang, 1989. "Signalling and the Pricing of New Issues." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 44, no. 2: 393-420.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kim, J.B., I. Krinsky, and J. Lee, 1995.
 "The Aftermarket Performance of Initial Public Offerings in Korea."
 >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 3, no. 4: 429-48.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lee, P.J., S.L.
 Taylor, and T.S. Walter, 1996. "Australian IPO Pricing in the Short and
 Long Run." >i>Journal of Banking and Finance>/i> 20, no. 7:
 1189-1210.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Ljungqvist, A.P. 1997. "Pricing Initial Public Offerings:
 Further Evidence from Germany." >i>European Economic Review>/i> 41, no. 7:
 1309-20.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Loughran, T., J.R. Ritter, and K. Rydqvist, 1994. "Initial
 Public Offerings: International Insights." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance
 Journal>/i> 2, nos. 2/3: 165-99.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ma, S. 2007. "Information Asymmetry and
 Valuation Uncertainty, the Determination of China's IPO Allocation
 Procedures." >i>Applied Financial Economics>/i> 17, no. 4:
 271-84.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ma, S., and R. Faff, 2007. "Market Condition and the Optimal IPO
 Allocation Mechanism in China." >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 15,
 no. 2: 121-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Marisetty, V., and M.G. Subrahmanyam, 2006. "Group
 Affiliation and the Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the Indian
 Stock Market." NYU Faculty Digital Archive, available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://archive.nyu.edu/bitstream/2451/27852/2/wpa08010.pdf'>http://a
 rchive.nyu.edu/bitstream/2451/27852/2/wpa08010.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> McGuinness, P.
 1992. "An Examination of the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings in
 Hong Kong: 1980-90." >i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting>/i> 19,
 no. 2: 165-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Reilly, F.K. 1977. "New Issues Revisited." >i>Financial
 Management>/i> 6, no. 4: 28-42.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ritter, J.R., and I. Welch, 2002. "A
 Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 57, no. 4: 1795-1828.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Su, D. 2004. "Adverse-Selection Versus
 Signaling: Evidence from the Pricing of Chinese IPOs." >i>Journal of
 Economics and Business>/i> 56, no. 1: 1-19.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Su, D., and B.M. Fleisher,
 1998. "Risk, Return and Regulation in Chinese Stock Markets." >i>Journal
 of Economics and Business>/i> 50, no. 3: 1-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>18</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Su, D., and B.M. Fleisher,
 1999. "An Empirical Investigation of Underpricing in Chinese IPOs."
 >i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal>/i> 7, no. 2: 173-202.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Tian, L., and
 W.L. Megginson, 2007. "Extreme Underpricing: Determinants of Chinese IPO
 Initial Returns." Working paper, Peking University.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ting, Y.U., and Y.K.
 Tse, 2006. "An Empirical Examination of IPO Underpricing in the Chinese
 A-Share Market." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 17, no. 4: 363-82.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>21</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Welch, I.
 1992. "Sequential Sales, Learning and Cascades." >i>Journal of Finance>/i>
 47, no. 2: 695-723.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wethyavivorn, K., and Y. Koo-Smith, 1991.
 "Initial Public Offers in Thailand, 1988-1989: Price and Return Patterns."
 In >i>Pacific-Basin Capital Markets Research>/i>, vol. 2, ed. S.G. Rhee
 and R. P. Chang, 379-94. Amsterdam: North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yong, O., and Z. Isa,
 2003. "Initial Performance of New Issues of Shares in Malaysia."
 >i>Applied Economics>/i> 35, no. 8: 919-30.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yu, T., and Y.K. Tse, 2006.
 "An Empirical Examination of IPO Underpricing in the Chinese A-Share
 Market." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 17, no. 4: 363-82.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:93-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shu-Quan  He 
Author-X-Name-First: Shu-Quan  
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Title: Dynamics of Chinese Agricultural Trade Patterns 
Abstract:
 The dynamics of Chinese agricultural trade patterns are examined with a
 focus on the differences between the periods before and after China's
 accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The analyses are based on
 the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA) index, a modified
 Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) index. The discussion suggests that
 trade patterns are more persistent during the post-WTO period than during
 the pre-WTO period. It also indicates that the RSCA index distribution for
 Chinese agriculture is shifting to two extremes predicted by trade
 theories. However, the export shares of product categories are not in
 accordance with their comparative advantage positions. To benefit from
 trade liberalization in agriculture, China needs to adjust its
 agricultural policies. Recent policies have provided Chinese agriculture
 with a promising future, but much still has to be done.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-25 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E0RR11H18R307R82 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Balassa, Bela, 1965.
 "Trade Liberalization and âRevealedâ Comparative Advantage."
 >i>Manchester School>/i> 33, no. 2: 99-123.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Brasili, A., P. Epifani, and
 R. Helg, 2000. "On the Dynamics of Trade Patterns." >i>De Economist>/i>
 148, no. 2: 233-58.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Dalum, B., K. Laursen, and G. Villumsen, 1998.
 "Structural Change in OECD Export Specialization Patterns:
 Despecialization and âStickiness.â" >i>International Reviews of
 Applied Economics>/i> 12, no. 3: 423-43.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>4</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> De Benedictis, Luca, 2005. "Three
 Decades of Italian Comparative Advantages." >i>World Economy>/i> 28, no.
 11: 1679-1709.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> De Benedictis, Luca, and Massino Tamberi, 2004. "Overall
 Specialisation Empirics: Techniques and Application." >i>Open Economies
 Reviews>/i> 15, no. 4: 323-46.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fagerberg, J. 1995. "User-Producer
 Interaction, Learning and Comparative Advantage." >i>Cambridge Journal of
 Economics>/i> 19: 243-56.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Formby, P. John, W. James Smith, and
 Buhong Zheng, 2004. "Mobility Measurement, Transition Matrices and
 Statistical Inference." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 120, no. 1:
 181-205.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gen, Wei, 2006. "The Evolution of Comparative Advantages: The
 Case of Chinese Manufacturers." >i>Caijing yanjiu>/i> (Finance and
 Economic Studies) 32, no. 10: 60-70 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Geweke, J., R.C. Marshall,
 and G.A. Zarkin, 1986. "Mobility Indices in Continuous Time Markov
 Chains." >i>Econometrica>/i> 54, no. 6: 1407-23.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Iapadre, P. Lelio, 2001.
 "Measuring International Specialization." >i>International Advances in
 Economic Research>/i> 7, no. 2: 173-83.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Laursen, Keld, 1998. "Revealed
 Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International
 Specialization." Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID)
 Working Paper, No. 98-30.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Mingxing, Changjun Yue, and Xiulan
 Xu, 2001. "Reevaluation on the Transformation of East Asian Economies
 Export Structure." >i>Shijie jingji>/i> (World Economy) 6: 37-41 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Proudman, J., and S. Redding, 1998. "Persistence and Mobility in
 International Trade." In >i>Openness and Growth>/i>, ed. J. Proudman and
 S. Redding, ch. 2. Bank of England.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Proudman, J., and S. Redding, 2000.
 "Evolving Patterns of International Trade." >i>Reviews of International
 Economics>/i> 8, no. 3: 373-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Quah, D.T. 1996a. "Empirics for Economic
 Growth and Convergence." >i>European Economic Reviews>/i> 90:
 1353-75.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>16</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Quah, D.T. 1996b. "Aggregate and Regional Disaggregate
 Fluctuations." >i>Empirical Economics>/i> 21: 137-59.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Quah, D.T. 1997.
 "Empirics for Economic Growth and Distribution: Stratification,
 Polarization and Convergence Clubs." >i>Journal of Economic Growth>/i> 2,
 no. 1: 137-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Shorrocks, A.F. 1978. "The Measurement of Mobility."
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 46, no. 5: 1013-24.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>19</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Sommers, P.S., and J. Conlisk, 1979.
 "Eigenvalue Immobility Measures for Markov Chains." >i>Journal of
 Mathematical Sociology>/i> 6: 253-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>20</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wang, Haigang, 2005. "The Movement of
 Chinese National Income and Its Long-Term Impact on Equality." >i>Jingji
 yanjiu>/i> (Economic Studies) 40, no. 1: 56-66 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Wang, Lin,
 2006. "Dynamic Analysis on Comparative Advantages of Chinese Agricultural
 Products." >i>Beifang jingji>/i> (Northern Economy) 4: 42-45 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Yin, Heng, Shi Li, and Quheng Deng, 2006. "On Income Mobility in
 China." >i>Jingji yanjiu>/i> (Economic Studies) 41, no. 1: 30-43 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:5-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhanqi  Yao 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhanqi  
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao 
Title: Factor Reallocation Effect and Productivity in China's Economic Growth, 1985-2007 
Abstract:
 How to accurately calculate China's factor reallocation effect and
 objectively assess its impact on economic and productivity growth is an
 unsolved problem. This study has two objectives: to identify the trend of
 productivity growth and to quantify the contribution of sectoral factor
 reallocation to aggregate productivity growth rate since the 1980s. This
 is accomplished by estimating a Cobb-Douglas production function and
 decomposing aggregate productivity growth using official Chinese data.
 Based on the panel data of six main sectors making up the entire economy
 and fourteen individual industries constituting the entire manufacturing
 sector, the results show that productivity, especially total factor
 productivity, has been disappointing in recent years after rapid growth in
 the early post-reform period. The factor reallocation effect is trivial in
 the economic reform era, indicating growth potential in the
 mid-industrialization stage. In the long run, therefore, policymakers must
 adjust China's economic programs to foster sustained productivity growth
 and to improve factor flows among economic sectors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P736P7L900715411 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Akkemik, K.A. 2005.
 "Structural Change and its Impact on Productivity in Japan, Korea, and
 Singapore (1970-2000)." >i>Forum of International Development Studies>/i>
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 >i>Industrialization and Growth: A Comparative Study.>/i> New York: Oxford
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 China." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 108, no. 3:
 809-42.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chow, G.C., and K. Li, 2002. "China's Economic Growth:
 1952-2010." >i>Economic Development and Cultural Change>/i> 51, no. 1
 (October): 247-56.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Guo, K.S. 1992. "The Analysis of Resources Reallocation in
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 "Specification Test in Econometrics." >i>Econometrica>/i> 46:
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 <BIBTEXT> Holz, C.A. 2004. "China's Statistical System in Transition:
 Challenges Data Problems, and Institutional Innovation." >i>Review of
 Income and Wealth>/i> 50, no. 3: 381-409.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Holz, C.A. 2006. "China's Reform
 Period Economic Growth: How Reliable Are Angus Maddison's Estimates?"
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 Appraisal." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 12: 303-16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
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 Khan, 1997. "Why Is China Growing So Fast?" IMF Staff Papers, no. 44:
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 <BIBTEXT> Li, S., and D. Lu, 2008. "China's Industrial Total Factor
 Productivity Fluctuations: 1986-2005." >i>Journal of Quantitative and
 Technical Economics>/i> 5: 43-54.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, X., and X. Lu, 2007. "Structural
 Changes and Productivity Growth in China's Manufacturing." >i>World
 Economy>/i> 5: 52-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, D. 2002. "Sectoral Factor
 Reallocation and Productivity Growth: Recent Trends in the Chinese
 Economy." >i>Journal of Economics Development>/i> 27, no. 2:
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 <BIBTEXT> Maddison, A. 1998. >i>Chinese Economic Performances in the Long
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 2005. >i>Economic Surveys of China.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.oecd.org/document/21/0,3343,en_2649_34111_35331797_1_1_1_
 1,00.html'>www.oecd.org/document/21/0,3343,en_2649_34111_35331797_1_1_1_1,
 00.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Ozyurt, S. 2007. "Total Factor Productivity Growth in Chinese
 Industry: 1952-2000." University of Montpellier Working Papers. Available
 at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.lameta.univ-montp1.fr/Fr/Productions/Documents/DR2007-13.
 pdf'>www.lameta.univ-montp1.fr/Fr/Productions/Documents/DR2007-13.pdf>/a><
 /BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>
 Solow, R.M. 1957. "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production
 Function." >i>Review of Economics and Statistics>/i> 31: 312-20.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>20</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Syrquin, M.
 1986. "Productivity Growth and Factor Reallocation." In
 >i>Industrialization and Growth>/i>, ed. H.B. Chenery, 309-351. Oxford:
 Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Woo, W.T. 1998. "Chinese Economic Growth:
 Sources and Prospects." In >i>The Chinese Economy>/i>, ed. M. Fouquin and
 F. Lemoine, 1-38. London: Economica.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1997. >i>China 2020:
 Development Challenges in the New Century.>/i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>23</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Wu, Y. 2004.
 >i>China's Economic Growth: A Miracle with Chinese Characteristics.>/i>
 London and New York: Routledge Curzon.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>24</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Yao, Z. 2008. "Effects of China's
 Industrial Structure Adjustment, Object of Industry Optimization and
 Policy Supporting System." >i>China Industrial Economics>/i> 5:
 46-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>25</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Young, A. 2003. "Gold into Base Metals: Productivity Growth in
 the People's Republic of China During the Reform Period." >i>Journal of
 Political Economy>/i> 111, no. 6: 1220-61.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>26</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zheng, J., A. Hu, and A.
 Bigsten, 2008. "Can China's Growth Be Sustained? A Productivity
 Perspective." >i>China Economic Quarterly>/i> 7, no. 3 (April):
 777-808.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Zheng, Y. 1998. "Productivity and China's Industrial Growth." In
 >i>The Front Analysis of Productivity in China>/i>, ed. Jingwen Li and
 Xueyi Zhong, 146-187. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:44-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Trade, Economic Growth, and Financial Markets 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W32875287164P3P4 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay  Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay  
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Jau-Lian  Jeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Jau-Lian  
Author-X-Name-Last: Jeng 
Author-Name: Qingfeng "Wilson" Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Qingfeng "Wilson" 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Development of China's Real Estate Market 
Abstract:
 Over the past two decades, real estate has evolved from
 government-controlled to a commercial product, emerging and developing
 into an important component of China's financial markets. Although the
 overall gross domestic product (GDP) and income levels have been growing
 rapidly, the even-faster rising housing costs have exacerbated the problem
 of housing affordability. Real estate development has become a key factor
 in China's economic growth, as real estate has become an essential part of
 the overall functioning of the economy. Recent signs following the global
 financial crisis suggest that China's real estate market has bottomed and
 may be on its way to a rebound. In the long run, this market offers
 lucrative investment opportunities for domestic and foreign investors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y2578K7115035Q70 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2009.
 "Growing Signs of Chinese Recovery." >i>Financial Times>/i>, April 13.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/93ebd99c-284d-11de-8dbf-00144feabdc0,dwp_u
 uid=9c33700c-4c86-11da-89df-0000779e2340.html'>www.ft.com/cms/s/0/93ebd99c
 -284d-11de-8dbf-00144feabdc0,dwp_uuid=9c33700c-4c86-11da-89df-0000779e2340
 .html>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Batson, A. 2009. "China Turns a Corner as Spending Takes Hold."
 >i>Wall Street Journal>/i>, April 11, A1.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chan, K., H. Fung, and Q. Liu,
 2007. >i>China's Capital Markets: Challenges from WTO Membership.>/i>
 London: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cheng, H. 2009. "Institutions Forecast
 Continued Recovery of the Real Estate Market." Financial Net, March 23.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.caijing.com.cn/2009-03-23/110126956.html'>www.caijing.com
 .cn/2009-03-23/110126956.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> "China's Consumption to Hit Record Low."
 2008. >i>Xinhua News>/i>, January 4. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-01/04/content_6372001.htm'>w
 ww.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-01/04/content_6372001.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> "Chinese
 Consumption." 2007. >i>Economist>/i>, February 22. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8746393'>
 www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8746393>/a></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> "Experts:
 China's Housing Prices Still Have Room for 50% Drop with the Bottom
 Reached in Two Years." 2009. >i>Securities Times>/i>, April 9. Available
 at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.soufun.com/news/2009-04-09/2506970.htm'>www.soufun.com/ne
 ws/2009-04-09/2506970.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Feng, X. 2008. >i>China's Road to Good
 Housing.>/i> Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Focus Housing
 Net. 2008. "Gloomy Real Estate Market in China with 40% Drop in Housing
 Prices." Focus House Net, September 12. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://house.focus.cn/news/2008-09-12/531710.html'>http://house.focu
 s.cn/news/2008-09-12/531710.html>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Fung, H., and Q. Liu, 2005. "China's
 Financial Reform in Banking and Securities Markets." In >i>China and the
 Challenge of Economic Globalization: The Impact of WTO Membership>/i>, ed.
 Hung-gay Fung, Changhong Pei, and Kevin H. Zhang, 145-63. Armonk, NY: M.E.
 Sharpe.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Fung, H., A. Huang, Q. Liu, and M. Shen, 2006. "The Development
 of the Real Estate Industry in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 1:
 84-102.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hang, X.L., Y.T. Huang, and H. Lan, 2008. "A Housing Sale
 Impasse for Foreign Institutions." >i>First Financial Daily>/i>, October
 23. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.douban.com/group/topic/4461518/'>www.douban.com/group/top
 ic/4461518/>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Lu, A. 2007. "China's Rural Population Shrinks to 56% of
 Total." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/22/content_6925292.htm'>ht
 tp://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/22/content_6925292.htm>/a></BIBTEX
 T>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Lu, D.
 2002. "RuralâUrban Income Disparity: Impact of Growth, Allocative
 Efficiency, and Local Growth Welfare." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 13,
 no. 4: 419-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Luo, Y. (ed.). 2007. >i>The Industrial Map of China Real
 Estate.>/i> China Industrial Map Editorial Committee, the China Economic
 Monitoring and Analysis Center of the National Bureau of Statistics, and
 Shanghai Yiju Real Estate Research Institute. Beijing: Social Sciences
 Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> "The New âDINKâ Family in China." 2006. >i>People's
 Daily>/i>, October 11. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200610/11/eng20061011_310890.html'
 >http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200610/11/eng20061011_310890.html>/a></
 BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT>
 Pan, D. 2009. "An Analysis of the Housing Price Bubble in China's Large-
 and Medium-Size Cities." >i>First Financial Daily>/i>, February 4.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cs.com.cn/pl/03/200902/t20090204_1740097.htm'>www.cs.com.
 cn/pl/03/200902/t20090204_1740097.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>18</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Sakashita, A., H. Park, and T.
 Ichiki, 2006. "The Change of Agricultural Production System and Land
 Problems in the Sunan Area of China: A Follow-up Research of Kaixiangong
 Village." >i>Review of Agricultural Economics>/i> 62: 15-24.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> "2009 Will See
 the Policies Bottoming Out in the Development History of China's Real
 Estate Market." 2009. >i>Jinan Times>/i>, April 7. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://hb.qq.com/a/20090407/000095.htm'>http://hb.qq.com/a/20090407/
 000095.htm>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:1:p:71-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuhua An 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuhua 
Author-X-Name-Last: An 
Author-Name: Guolin Qiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Guolin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu 
Author-Name: Liqun Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Liqun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: A Study of Real Estate Prices in Jilin Province 
Abstract:
 This study is based on data from the Jilin Construction Office's Almanac.
 A hedonic model is used to investigate factors affecting real estate
 prices in Jilin province. The model has better application potential than
 traditional pricing analysis and thus is useful as a guide to future
 planning policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-63 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F3032110472T1322 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Court, A.T. 1939.
 "Hedonic Price Indexes with Automotive Examples." >i>The Dynamics of
 Automobile Demand>/i> 4: 99-117.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Griliches, Z. 1977. "Estimating the
 Returns to Schooling: Some Econometric Problems." >i>Econometrica>/i> 45,
 no. 1: 1-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Rosen, S. 1974. "Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product
 Differentiation in Pure Competition." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i>
 5: 34-55.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:53-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xi Rao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rao 
Author-Name: Yinggang Zhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Yinggang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou 
Title: China's Real Estate Market 
Abstract:
 Along with China's economic slowdown and policy tightening, the real
 estate market has been experiencing a mid-term correction since late 2007.
 This round of property sector downturn is cyclical rather than secular and
 will last from two to two and a half years (September 2007-early 2010).
 From a longer-term perspective, the factors for sustainable growth of the
 housing market remain sound. These include relatively strong economic
 growth, positive demographic trends, urbanization, and upgrades in living
 standards.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-32 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F42243X1147M150V 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Citigroup. 2008. "China
 Property: 85,000 in China? A Look at Public Housing Development." Research
 Report.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> JPMorgan. 2006. "Property Opportunities in China: What, How and
 Where?" Research Report.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> McKinsey. 2008. "Preparing for China's
 Urban Billion." Research Report.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Morgan Stanley. 2008. "China
 EconomicsâOutlook for 2009: Getting Worse Before Getting Better."
 Research Report.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> UBS. 2006. "Exposing China's âUrban Legends.â" Research
 Report.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> UBS. 2008. "All About China's Property Sector Downturn."
 Research Report.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Wachovia. 2007. "Increasing Urbanization Drives Demand for
 Real Estate." Research Report.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:23-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-kin Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-kin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Title: A Note on Real Estate Indexes in China 
Abstract:
 This paper focuses on the importance of a real estate index of information
 flow in a real estate market. Real estate indexes in China suffer from
 major methodology problems related to the unique characteristics of real
 estate, which is heterogeneous and infrequently traded.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 64-69 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F811605671V120U2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:64-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-kin Leung 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-kin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung 
Title: Real Estate Market Issues in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F818W572R0776K21 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Impact of Urban Rapid Transit on Residential Property Values 
Abstract:
 Using Shanghai rapid transit line 8 as an example and hedonic price
 models, this article explores the impact of urban rapid transit on house
 prices. It is concluded that the urban rapid transit has a significant
 incremental effect on prices of houses located within 1.5 km terms of a
 station. However, each station has a different impact in both range and
 intensity. In addition, house prices increase most rapidly in years when
 the rapid transit system starts to build its operation and decrease
 slightly in the middle of construction.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 33-52 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F95R5541X5030515 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, W.B., and R.R.
 Mudge. 1974. "The impact of rapid transit on urban development: The case
 of the Philadelphia-Lindenwold high speed line." Paper P-5246. Rand
 Corporation.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Al-Mosaind, M.A.; K.J. Dueker; and J.G. Strathman. 1993. "Light
 Rail Transit Stations and Property Values: A Hedonic Price Approach."
 >i>Transportation Research Record>/i> 1400: 4-90.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Alonso, W. 1964.
 >i>Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent>/i>.
 Cambridge: Harvard University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Armstrong, R.J. 1994. "Impacts of
 commuter Rail Service as reflected in singlefamily Residential Property
 Values." Transportation Research Record (1466), pp. 88-97. Washington, DC:
 Transportation Research Board.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bowes, D.R., and K.R. Ihlanfeldt. 2001.
 "Identifying the Impacts of Rail Transit Stations on Residential Property
 Values." >i>Journal of Urban Economics>/i> 50, no. 1: 1-25.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cambridge
 Systematics. 1998. "Economic Impact Analysis of Transit Investments:
 Guidebook for Practioners." Report No. 35, Transit Cooperative Research
 Program. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cervero, R., and
 M. Duncan. 2002. >i>Land Value Impacts of Rapid Transit Services in Los
 Angeles County>/i>. Report prepared for National Association of Realtors
 Urban Land Institute.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chau, K.W., and F.F. Ng. 1998. "The
 effects of improvement in public transportation capacity on residential
 price gradient in Hong Kong." >i>Journal of Property Valuation and
 Investment>/i> 16, no. 4: 397-410.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Coulson, N.E., and R.F.E. Engle. 1987.
 "Transportation Costs and Price Gradient." >i>Journal of Urban
 Economics>/i>, no. 21: 387-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Damm, D.; S.R. Lerman; E. Lerner-Lam; and
 J. Young. 1980. "Response of Urban Real Estate Values in Anticipation of
 the Washington Metro." >i>Journal of Transport Economics and Policy>/i>
 (September): 315-36.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dewees, D.N. 1976. "The Effect of a
 Subway on Residential Property Values in Toronto." >i>Journal of Urban
 Economics>/i>, no. 3: 357-369.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ferguson, B.G.; M.A. Goldberg; and J.
 Mark. 1988. "The Pre-service Impacts of the Vancouver Advanced Light Rail
 Transit System on Single Family Property Values." In >i>Real Estate Market
 Analysis: Methods and Applications>/i>, ed. J.M. Clapp and S.D. Messner,
 78-100. New York: Praeger.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gatzlaff, Dean H., and Marc T. Smith.
 1993. "The Impact of the Miami Metrorail on the Value of Residences and
 Station Locations." >i>Land Economics>/i> 69, no. 1: 54-66.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT>
 Ghebreegziabiher, Debrezion; Eric Pels; and Piet Rietveld. 2006. "The
 Impact of real Rail transport on real estate prices: an Empirical Analysis
 of the Dutch Housing Market." Free University, Tinbergen Institute
 Discussion Paper.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Goldberg, M.A. 1972. "An Evaluation of the Interaction
 Between Transport and Land Use Systems." >i>Land Economics>/i>, no. 48:
 338-46.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gu, Jie. 2006. "The Evolvement of Urban Land and Housing Price
 with the City Growing." Ph.D. dissertation, Zhejiang University.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> He,
 Jianhua, and Siqi Zheng. 2004. "Can the New-Built Metro Improve
 Residential Property Values?" >i>Urban Development>/i>, no. 11:
 36-38.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Knaap, G.J.; L.D. Hopkins; and K.P. Donaghy. 1998. "Do Plans
 Matter? A Framework for Examing the Logic and Effects of Land Use
 Planning." >i>Journal of Planning Education and Research>/i> 18, no. 1:
 25-34.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Laakso, S. 1992. "Public Transport Investment and Residential
 Property Values in Helsinki." >i>Scandinavian Housing and Planning
 Research>/i>, no. 9: 123-36.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lai, L.W.C. 1991. "The Effect of MRT on
 Land Values Rekindled." >i>Journal of Property Valuation and
 Investment>/i> 9, no. 2: 123-36.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Landis, J.; R. Cervero; S. Guhathukurta;
 D. Loutzenheiser; and M. Zhang. 1995. "Rail Transit Investments, Real
 Estate Values, and Land Use Change: A Comparative Analysis of Five
 California Rail Transit Systems." Research Report No. 48, Institute of
 Urban and Regional Studies, University of California, Berkeley.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Liang,
 Qinghuai; Lingyang Kong; and Wenbin Deng. 2007. "Impact of URT on Real
 Estate Value: The Case of Beijing Line 13." >i>China Civil Engineering
 Journal>/i> 40, no. 4: 98-103.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lee, D.B. 1973. "Case Studies and Impacts
 of BART on Prices of Single Family Residences." Institute of Urban and
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 Anticipated Transportation Improvement on Residential Land Values."
 >i>Regional Science and Urban Economics>/i> 25, no. 3: 261-78.</BIBTEXT>  
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 1972. >i>Studies in the Structure of the Urban Economy>/i>. Baltimore:
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 Housing>/i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
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 McCleskey. 1989. >i>Influence of Elevated Transit Stations on Neighborhood
 House Values>/i>. Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology.</BIBTEXT>	   
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 1999. "Transit Stations and Commercial Property Values: A Case Study with
 Land-use Policy Implications." >i>Journal of Public Transportation>/i> 2,
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   <BIBTEXT> Poon, L.C.L. 1978. "Railway Externalities and Residential
 Property Prices. >i>Land Economics>/i> 54, no. 2: 218-27.</BIBTEXT>	 
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 "Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure
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 <BIBTEXT> Sedway Group. 1999. "Regional Impact Study." Report commissioned
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 Improvements, Commuting Costs, and Residential Location." >i>Journal of
 Urban Economics>/i>, no. 2: 123-43.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
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 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:33-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jie Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Feng Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Weitao Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Weitao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: How Important Are Wealth Effects on China's Consumer Spending? 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates the impact of disposable income and assets on
 consumer spending trends in China. By employing the vector error
 correction model on the national quarterly data, we demonstrate that the
 wealth effects arising from asset value changes are remarkable. There is
 only one long-run cointegrating relationship among income, consumption,
 and assets. The long-run consumption elasticity of assets is found to be
 around 0.51. In addition, evidence shows that assets will restore the
 equilibrium relationship in the long run when the system is disturbed by
 external shock. Variance decomposition analysis indicates that assets
 render a more lasting pronounced impact than income on consumption
 variations in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-22 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FN8350R6Q1055740 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Campbell, J. 1987.
 "Does Saving Anticipate Declining Labor Income? An Alternative Test of the
 Permanent Income Hypothesis." >i>Econometrica>/i> 55: 1249-74.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Carroll, C.D.
 2004. "Housing Wealth and Consumption Expenditure." Unpublished
 manuscript, Johns Hopkins University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Case, K.F., and J.M. Quigley. 2008.
 "How Housing Booms Unwind-Income Effects, Wealth Effects, and Feedbacks
 Through Financial Markets." >i>European Journal of Housing Policy>/i> 8:
 161-180.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Case, K.F.; J.M. Quigley; and R.J. Shiller. 2001. "Comparing
 Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus the Housing Market." NBER Working
 Paper No. 8606.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Case, K.F.; J.M. Quigley; and R.J. Shiller. 2005. "Comparing
 Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus the Housing Market." >i>B.E.
 Journal of Macroeconomics>/i> 5: 1-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Chen, J. 2006. "Re-Evaluating the
 Association Between Housing Wealth and Aggregate Consumption: New Evidence
 from Sweden." >i>Journal of Housing Economics>/i> 15: 321-48.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Engle, R.F.,
 and C.W.J. Granger. 1987. "Cointegration and Error Correction:
 Representation, Estimation, and Testing." >i>Econometrica>/i> 55:
 251-76.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Franses P.H., and N. Haldrup. 1994. "The effects of additive
 outliers on tests for unit roots and cointegration." >i>Journal of
 Business and Economic Statistics>/i> 12: 471-78.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Gallup Poll News Service.
 2005. "Homeownership Soars in China: Commentary." March 1.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gonzalo, J., and
 S. Ng. 2001. "A systematic framework for analyzing the dynamic effects of
 permanent and transitory shocks." >i>Journal of Economic Dynamics and
 Control>/i> 25: 1527-46.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hylleberg S.; R.F. Engle; C.W.J. Granger;
 and B.S. Yoo. 1990. "Seasonal integration and cointegration." >i>Journal
 of Econometrics>/i> 44: 215-38.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Johansen, S., and K. Juselius. 1990. "The
 full information maximum likelihood procedure for inference on
 cointegrationâWith application to the demand for money." >i>Oxford
 Bulletin of Economics and Statistics>/i> 52: 169-210.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kishor, N.K.
 2007. "Does consumption respond more to housing wealth than to financial
 market wealth? If so, why?" >i>Journal of Real Estate Financial
 Economics>/i> 35: 427-48.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lacoviello, M. 2004. "Consumption, house
 prices and collateral constraints: a structural econometric analysis."
 >i>Journal of Housing Economics>/i> 13: 304-20.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lai, M., and Q. Bai. 2008.
 "An empirical analysis of wealth effect on consumption in China."
 >i>Shanghai Finance>/i> 8 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lettau, M., and S. Ludvigson. 2001.
 "Consumption, Aggregate Wealth, and Expected Stock Returns." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 56: 815-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lettau, M., and S. Ludvigson. 2004.
 "Understanding Trend and Cycle in Asset Values: Reevaluating the Wealth
 Effect on Consumption." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 94:
 276-99.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ludwig, A., and T. Slok. 2004. "The relationship between stock
 prices, house prices, and consumption in OECD countries." IMF working
 paper.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Pesaran, H., and Y. Shin. 1998. "Generalized impulse response
 analysis in linear multivariate models." >i>Economics Letters>/i> 58:
 17-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>20</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Rudd, B., and K. Whelan. 2002. "A Note on the Cointegration of
 Consumption, Income, and Wealth." Federal Reserve Board Working Paper No.
 2002-53.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Song, B. 2007. "Theoretical and empirical analysis of housing
 wealth effect in China: 1998-2006." >i>Economic Science>/i> 5: 41-53 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Zang, X. 2001. >i>The analysis on the resident assets and
 consumer choice behavior>/i>. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:5-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-Sin Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-Sin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Chin-Tai Kuo 
Author-X-Name-First: Chin-Tai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuo 
Title: Momentum Effect and Market Conditions 
Abstract:
 The difference in firm-level momentum effects is investigated under
 bullish and bearish market conditions for Chinese real estate stocks,
 using panel data with a least-squares dummy variable. The results suggest
 that the momentum effect has different patterns in different market
 conditions for a shorter momentum horizon and that the momentum strategy
 can be only implemented successfully in a bullish market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-94 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H75681V4185635H3 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ahn, D.H.; J. Conrad;
 and R.F. Dittmar. 2003. "Risk Adjustment and Trading Strategies."
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 2003. "Earnings Momentum in International Markets." Working paper no.
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 <BIBTEXT> Hung, K., and J.L. Glascock. 2008b. "Volatilities and Momentum
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 Strategies: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 56, no. 2: 699-720.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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 "Contrarian and Momentum Strategies in the China Stock Market: 1993-2000."
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 Sector Mutual Funds." >i>Financial Analysts Journal>/i> 56, no. 4:
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 Analyzing Bull and Bear Markets." >i>Journal of Applied Econometrics>/i>
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:2:p:70-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruhua Cao 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruhua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao 
Author-Name: Weihang Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Weihang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Jinjian Shen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jinjian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen 
Title: Reconstruction of Rural Mutual Assistance Funding Cooperatives 
Abstract:
 Agriculture is the fundamental industry and economic lifeline of a country
 with one-quarter of the world's population. Reform in the rural financial
 service system is a key step in a drive to construct a new type of
 countryside. It is crucial to establish and develop mutual funding
 cooperative organizations composed of farmers. Governments at all levels,
 particularly the financial sectors, should give adequate attention and
 support to this issue. They should fully promote the building of rural
 mutual assistance funding cooperatives and guide them to improve their
 internal management in the start-up period. Local governments should
 supervise these cooperatives in capital adequacy and risk status of
 assets, with regulatory measures to ensure that the cooperatives develop
 along a healthy track.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-67 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=712P31P563726V73 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, Zhilong. 2006.
 "Calling for Grass-Roots Bankers." >i>Xinhua Daily>/i>, October
 17.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Dai, Xianglong. 2001. >i>Lingdao ganbu jinrong zhishi duben>/i>
 (Readings on Financial Knowledge for Leading Cadres). Beijing: Financial
 Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> He, Guangwen. 2003. "The Rational Thinking of Rural
 Financial Reform." University of Hong Kong Chinese Research Service
 Database.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Kong, Xiangyi. 2002. >i>The Central Bank Theory.>/i> 2d ed.
 Beijing: Chinese Financial Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, Yong. 2004. "The Rural Financial
 Reform Path." >i>Shanghai Financial News>/i>, April 8.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Baoping, and
 Shiming Jiang. 2006. >i>The Auditorium of China's Economy.>/i> 1st and 2d
 series. Beijing: Liaoning People's Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>7</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wu, Li. "Grass-Root
 Bankers' Win." 2006. >i>Financial Times>/i>, October 21.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yi, Gang. 2007.
 "To Promote Rural Financial Reform to a New Level." >i>China's Financial
 Magazine>/i>, October 21.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Jie. 2003. >i>China's Rural
 Financial System: Structure, and Changes in Policy.>/i> Beijing: China
 Renmin University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zheng, Xianbing. 2002. >i>Bank-1000:
 Essays for Foreign Financial Management.>/i> Beijing: Chinese Financial
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhou, Xiaochuan. 2004. "The Central Bank's Role in the Reform of
 Rural Credit Cooperatives." >i>21st Century Economic Report>/i>, August
 23.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:59-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yongsong Liao 
Author-X-Name-First: Yongsong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liao 
Title: China's Food Security 
Abstract:
 From 2006 to 2008, soaring global food prices impaired stability and
 development in the developing world. China, the most populous country, was
 able to provide sufficient food because of its domestic production.
 China's experiences and lessons of avoiding food crises are important for
 its future food policy and can serve as lessons for other emerging
 economies. This paper shows that China's food sufficiency is in danger of
 becoming lower than the target of 95 percent self-sufficiency. Based on
 the analysis of the current situation, challenges to China's food market
 can arise because of actions adopted by policymakers and inefficient
 allocation of agricultural resources.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 103-108 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=840748627M075442 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Brown, R. Lester. 1995.
 >i>Who Will Feed China?>/i> New York: Norton.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Food and Agricultural
 Organization (FAO). 2008. >i>Initiative on Soaring Food Prices.>/i>
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/isfp/en'>www.fao.org/worldfood
 situation/isfp/en>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liao, Yongsong; Charlotte de Fraiture; and
 Mark Giodano. 2008. "Trade and the Global Water System: Lessons from China
 and the WTO." >i>Global Governance>/i> 14: 503-21.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Xinhua News Agency. 2008.
 "The Outlines of National Food Security Development Plan in the
 Middle-Long Term" (2008-2020). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.xinhuanet.com'>www.xinhuanet.com>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ye, Zhenbang.
 2009. "Report on the Annual Meeting of Nationwide Grain Administration
 Bureau Director." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.chinagrain.gov.cn/n16/index.html'>www.chinagrain.gov.cn/n
 16/index.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:103-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hongwen Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Hongwen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Author-Name: Xingyuan Feng 
Author-X-Name-First: Xingyuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng 
Title: Health-Care Reform in China 
Abstract:
 The Chinese government first introduced principles of health-care
 development for the nation in 1952. During the next thirty years, life
 expectancy increased by ten years. This paper provides an introduction to
 health development and different phases of health-care reforms in China.
 The first round of health-care reform began in the early 1980s, focused on
 holding hospitals fiscally accountable. The second round, aimed at
 balancing social and economic benefits, started in 1996. The third round
 began in 2007 and called for reducing individual medicalcare burdens.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 31-36 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E00T622647121K74 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ministry of Health
 (MOH). 2008. >i>Chinese Health Statistical Digest.>/i> Beijing: China
 Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2008. >i>Chinese Statistical
 Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1997.
 >i>Financing Health Care: Issues and Options for China.>/i> Washington,
 DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World
 Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao, H. 2005. "Governing the Healthcare Market: Regulatory
 Challenges and Options in the Transitional China." Ph.D. diss., La Trobe
 University, School of Public Health.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:31-36




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rongchun Jiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Rongchun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang 
Author-Name: Yonghong Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Yonghong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: China's Service-Outsourcing Industry 
Abstract:
 In light of increasing economic globalization, service outsourcing
 provides good opportunities for developing countries. At present, this
 industry in China is relatively backward but is developing fast. In order
 to speed up the development of outsourcing industries, China's central and
 local governments have released policies on this issue that encompass
 infrastructure construction, manpower training, certification, tax
 incentives, and financial subsidies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 37-46 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E70344H0J2411V15 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bearpoint Management
 and Technology Inc. 2007. "Report on Development Strategy of China's
 Service Outsourcing Industry." June (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Feenstra, Robert C., and
 Gordon H. Hanson. 2005. "Ownership and Control in Outsourcing to China:
 Estimating the Property-Rights Theory of the Firm." >i>Quarterly Journal
 of Economics>/i> 120, no. 2: 729-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jiang, Rongchun. 2006. "Wave of Global
 Service Outsourcing: Theory, Empirical Analysis and China's Strategy."
 Ph.D. dissertation, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Jiang, Xiaojuan. 2008. >i>Service Globalization and Service
 Outsourcing: The Status, Trends, and Theoretical Analysis.>/i> Beijing:
 People's Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Trade Organization. 2005.
 "Offshoring Services: Recent Developments and Prospects." >i>World Trade
 Report:>/i> 265-301.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:37-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mingtai Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: Mingtai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Title: Quantifying the Impact of Trade Liberalization 
Abstract:
 China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 and has since
 taken major steps to promote trade liberalization. It participates in free
 trade agreements (FTAs) with ASEAN, New Zealand, and Costa Rica and is
 negotiating with Australia for a comprehensive Sino-Australian FTA. The
 economic impact of FTAs can be quantified by applying economic models for
 trade policy analysis. Quantitative economic modeling for trade policy
 analysis over the past twelve years is briefly examined using four
 examples. The focus is on the infrastructural challenges in quantitative
 economic modeling for trade policy analysis in which Chinese policymakers
 seem most interested, namely disaggregated, consistent, and timely data,
 robust parameterization, policy timelines, and relevance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 68-76 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F701H78477147133 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Australian Department
 of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and Chinese Ministry of Commerce. 2005.
 "Australia-China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study." Available
 at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.dfat.gov.au/GEO/china/fta/feasibility_full.pdf'>www.dfat.
 gov.au/GEO/china/fta/feasibility_full.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chinese Ministry of Commerce,
 and Costa Rica COMEX. 2008. "China-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement Joint
 Feasibility Study." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/costarica/yanjiubaogao_en.doc'>http://fta.m
 ofcom.gov.cn/costarica/yanjiubaogao_en.doc>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Fan, M. 2008. "Research on
 Issues of Participating Regional FTAs." National Social Sciences Fund
 project no. 05BJY078. Paper presented at the EU-China Workshop on Trade
 Policy Modeling, Beijing, November 27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Fan, M. 2007. "An Assessment of the
 Potential Impact of Improving China's Trade Balance." Research Report to
 the Chinese Ministry of Commerce.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fan, M., and Y. Zheng. 2000a. "The Impact
 of China's Trade Liberalization for WTO Accession: A CGE Analysis." Paper
 presented at the Third International Conference on Global Economic
 Analysis, Australia, June. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.monash.edu.au/policy/conf/42Fan.pdf'>www.monash.edu.au/po
 licy/conf/42Fan.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fan, M., and Y. Zheng. 2000b. "Assessing
 the Impact of Trade Liberalization for APEC on Chinese Economy in a CGE
 Modeling Framework." >i>Journal of World Economy>/i> 260 (April):
 16-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Fung, H. G., and Jian Zhang. 2007. "Assessment of the China-Hong
 Kong Closer Economic Partnership Agreement." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40,
 no. 2 (March/April): 36-50.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kee, H.L; A. Nicita; and M. Olarreaga.
 2008. "Import Demand Elasticities and Trade Distortions." >i>Review of
 Economics and Statistics>/i> 90, no. 4: 666-82.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Koopman, R.; H. Arce; E.
 Balistreri; and A. Fox. 2003. "Large Scale CGE Modeling at the United
 States International Trade Commission." Paper presented at the
 International Agricultural Trade Policy Dialogue, Beijing, September
 28-29. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/979.pdf'>www.gt
 ap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/979.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Mai, Y.; P. Adams; M.
 Fan; R. Li; and Z. Zheng. 2005. "Modeling the Potential Benefits of an
 Australia-China Free Trade Agreement." Independent report to the Australia
 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and China Ministry of Commerce.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/modelling_benefits.doc'>www.dfa
 t.gov.au/geo/china/fta/modelling_benefits.doc>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Srinivasan, T.N, and J.
 Whalley, eds. 1986. >i>General Equilibrium Trade Policy Modeling.>/i>
 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:68-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiguang Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiguang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Sustainable Development, Poverty Reduction, and Infrastructure in Western China 
Abstract:
 This article assesses a poverty-reduction project in the city of
 Chongqing. The goal of the case study analysis of the Chongqing
 Comprehensive Poverty Alleviation Project (CCPAP) was to lay a foundation
 of institutional design for post-management and to help local governments
 in project areas to implement and sustain more effective strategies for
 development.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-30 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W50640L838433331 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ali, Ifzal, and Emesto
 M. Pernia. 2003. "Infrastructure and Poverty ReductionâWhat Is the
 Connection?" ERD Policy Brief Series No. 13. Asia Development Bank:
 Economics and Research Department.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank (ADB). 1999.
 >i>Fighting Poverty in Asia and the Pacific: The Poverty Strategy.>/i>
 Manila.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). 2000.
 >i>Project Design Documentary of CCPAP.>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Australian Agency for
 International Development (AusAID). 2004. >i>Mid Term
 Review.>/i></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). 2005.
 >i>Activity Completion Report.>/i></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Australian Agency for International
 Development (AusAID). 2001-5. >i>Annual Plan of CCPAP.>/i></BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> AusAID and
 MOFTEC. 2001. >i>Memorandum of Understanding.>/i></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hendricks, Larry. 2003.
 "Designing Microfinance from an Ex-Strategy Perspective." >i>Journal of
 Microfinance>/i> 5, no. 1: 77-88.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> United Kingdom Government Department for
 International Development (DFID). 2002. "Making the Connections:
 Infrastructure for Poverty Reduction." London.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:6-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinjian Shen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jinjian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen 
Title: Harmonious Economic Development During the Global Financial Crisis 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W64R29543757L360 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuewen Tan 
Author-X-Name-First: Xuewen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan 
Title: New-Town Policy and Development in China 
Abstract:
 This paper discusses the role of new towns in China in balancing regional
 development. A framework of excessive city size is formulated based on
 typical urban economics. In line with the theory of public goods, the
 new-town policy is a component part of urbanization policy. New towns are
 supposed to disperse the overcrowded populations of large cities,
 improving their welfare, and appear to be a regional public good. Data
 show that new towns in China have helped reduce regional disparities by
 promoting urbanized migration of the rural population. The new towns of
 China ultimately failed to meet their goals.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 47-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XU55X258LL061811 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Buton, J. K. 1976.
 >i>Urban Economics: Theory and Policy.>/i> London: Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cai, Fang.
 1990. >i>The Dual Economy and Labor Transfer in China.>/i> Beijing: China
 Renmin University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cao, Hongtao, and Chuanheng Chu. 1990.
 >i>Urban Construction of Modern China.>/i> Beijing: China Social Science
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Friedman, Lee S. 1984. >i>Microeconomic Policy Analysis.>/i> New
 York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>5</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Howard, Ebenezer. 1985. >i>Garden Cities of Tomorrow.>/i>
 Sussex: Attic Books.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Tan, Xuewen. 2006a. "Studies on the
 Excessive Size of Large Cities." Ph.D. dissertation, Graduate School of
 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tan, Xuewen. 2006b. "The Excessive Size
 of Large Cities and Satellite-Town Policies." >i>China Rural Survey>/i>,
 no. 6: 40-49.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Tan, Xuewen. 2006c. "The Satellite-Town Policies in Beijing and
 Their Implication on New-Town Policies." Project report sponsored by the
 Beijing Municipal Government.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:47-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhaoxia Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhaoxia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: China's Corporate Governance 
Abstract:
 This paper studies a case of corporate governance in the Mingxing Electric
 Power Company (MXEP). The corporate governance failure was not caused by
 lack of autonomy inside the company, but lack of sufficient checks and
 balances at the top management level. The internal disciplinary mechanism
 of the two-board system proved not to be effective. The constraining
 mechanism on the manager's discretionary power had been relatively
 neglected during the course of reform. Decreasing government intervention
 has made managerial discretion the major agency problem of corporate
 governance in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 77-102 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y67TW0G685G64W4N 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, Franklin; Jun
 Qian; and Meijun Qian. 2002. "Law, Finance, and Economic Growth in China."
 Wharton School.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Aoki, Masahiko, and Hugh Patrick. 2001. >i>The Japanese Main
 Bank SystemâIts Relevance for Developing and Transforming Economies.>/i>
 Oxford: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ayyagari, Demirguc-kunt and Maksimovic.
 2008. "Formal Versus Informal Finance: Evidence from China." World Bank
 Policy Research Paper, No. 4465.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Berle, Adolf; A. Gardiner; and C. Means.
 1991. >i>The Modern Corporation and Private Property.>/i> Piscataway, NJ:
 Transaction Publishers.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> CFA Institute. 2007. "China's Corporate
 Governance Survey." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.cfainstitute.org/aboutus/press/release/07releases/2007040
 3_01.html'>www.cfainstitute.org/aboutus/press/release/07releases/20070403_
 01.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> >i>China Daily.>/i> 2004. "SOE Reform Heads in a Right
 Direction." September 30: 11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Clarke, Donald C. 2003. "Corporate
 Governance in China: An Overview." >i>China Economic Review>/i> 14:
 494-507.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Jones, Carol A. G. 1994. "Capitalism, Globalization and Rule of
 Law: An Alternative Trajectory of Legal Change in China." >i>Social and
 Legal Studies>/i> 3, no. 2 (June).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> La Porta, Rafael; Florencio
 Lopez-de-Silanes; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert W. Vishny. 1998. "Law and
 Finance." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 106, no. 6
 (December).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Li, Wei-an, and Wen Sun. 2007. "An Empirical Study on
 Accumulation Effect of Board Governance upon Corporate Performance: The
 Evidence from China Listed Companies." >i>China Industrial Economics>/i>,
 no. 12.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lv, Jun; Zhaoxia Li; and Jie Hu. 2008. "An Empirical Study on
 Check-and-Balancing Mechanisms of China's Listed Companies: From the
 Perspective of Corporate Governance." >i>Journal of Quantitative and
 Technical Economics>/i>, no. 9.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Opper, Sonja, and Sylvia Schwaag-Serger.
 2008. "Institutional Analysis of Legal Change: The Case of Corporate
 Governance in China." >i>Journal of Law and Policy>/i> 26: 245.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Pistor,
 Katharina, and Chenggang Xu. 2005. "Governing Stock Markets in Transition
 EconomiesâLessons from China." >i>American Law and Economic Review>/i>
 7, no. 1: 184-210.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert Vishny. 1994. "Politicians
 and Firms." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 109: 995,
 1019.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Tenev, Stoyan; Chunlin Zhang; and Loup Brefort. 2002. "Corporate
 Governance and Enterprise Reform in China: Building the Institutions of
 Modern Market." World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, Weiguo. 2002. "The Bad-Assets of
 Banks and Corporate Rescue in China." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~ctung/Documents/W-A-c-4.doc'>www3.nccu.edu.
 tw/~ctung/Documents/W-A-c-4.doc>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1997. "The State in a
 Changing World." In >i>World Development Report.>/i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>18</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1999-2000.
 "Entering the 21st Century." In >i>World Development Report.>/i></BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>19</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang,
 Chunlin. 1997. "SOE Reform and State Financing." >i>Journal of Economic
 Study>/i> (Journal of Jingji Yanjiu), no. 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>20</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Weiying. 2000.
 "China's SOE Reform: A Corporate Governance Perspective." >i>Economic
 Research Journal>/i> (June).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Zhenyu; Zhishu Yang; and Chong-en
 Bai. 2007. "An Analysis and Empirical Tests for the Factors Influencing
 the Changes of the Top Management in China's Listed Companies." >i>Journal
 of Financial Studies>/i>, no. 8.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:3:p:77-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Xingzhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xingzhi 
Author-Name: Qi Yingfei 
Author-X-Name-First: Qi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingfei 
Author-Name: Li Hongjuan 
Author-X-Name-First: Li 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongjuan 
Title: Empirical Study of Coal Mine Safety Regulation in China 
Abstract:
 This article uses a VAR model to empirically test Chinese coal mine safety
 regulations based on a theoretical analysis of their outcomes. The results
 show that the mine safety regulations are effective over the long term,
 represented by the long-term drop in casualty rates per million tons of
 coal. This is offset in the short term by the adverse behavior of coal
 miners, meaning that regulatory institutions must make trade-offs between
 long-term and short-term effects. The empirical analysis also finds that
 increases in coal output will lower the casualty rate per million tons of
 coal in the short term, but increase it in the long term. Based on these
 empirical results, the paper offers policy recommendations for improving
 China's coal mine safety regulations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-92 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8044V11V3M6TV037 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cheng Qizhi. 2002. "A
 Property Rights Analysis of Internality and Externality and Their
 Government Regulation" (Neibuxing yu waibuxing jiqi zhengfu guanzhi de
 chanquan fenxi). >i>Management World>/i> (Guanli shijie), no.
 12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Gray, Wayne B., and John T. Scholz. 1993. "Does Regulatory
 Enforcement Work? A Panel Analysis of OSHA Enforcement." >i>Law and
 Society Review>/i> 27, no. 1: 177-213.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Klick, Jonathan, and Thomas Stratmann.
 2003. "Offsetting Behavior in the Workplace." Working Paper, School of
 Law, George Mason University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liu Qiongzhi. 2006. "Coal Mine Accident
 Game Analysis and Selection of Government Regulatory Policies" (Meikuang
 anquan shigu boyi fenxi yu zhengfu guanzhi zhengce xuanze). >i>Economic
 Review>/i> (Jingji pinglun), no. 5.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Peltzman, Sam. 1975. "The Effects of
 Automobiles Safety Regulation." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 83,
 no. 4: 677-725.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Pesaran, H. Hashem, and Yongcheol Shin. 1998. "Generalized
 Impulse Response Analysis in Linear Multivariate Models." >i>Economics
 Letters>/i> 58, no. 1: 17-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Scholz, John T., and Wayne B. Gray. 1990.
 "OSHA Enforcement and Workplace Injuries: A Behavioral Approach to Risk
 Assessment." >i>Journal of Risk and Uncertainty>/i> 3: 283-305.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>8</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Scholz, John
 T., and Wayne B. Gray. 1997. "Can Government Facilitate Cooperation? An
 Informational Model of OSHA Enforcement." >i>American Journal of Political
 Science>/i> 41: 693-717.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Stern, J., and J. S. Cubbin. 2003.
 "Regulatory Effectiveness: The Impact of Regulation and Regulatory
 Governance Arrangements on Electricity OutcomesâA Review Paper." London
 Business School Regulation Initiative Working Paper.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Stern, J., and S.
 Holder. 1999. "Regulatory Governance: Criteria for Assessing the
 Performance of Regulatory Systems. An Application to Infrastructure
 Industries in the Developing Countries of Asia." >i>Utilities Policy>/i>
 8: 33-50.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Viscusi, Kip. 1979. "The Impact of Occupation Safety and Health
 Regulation, 1973-1983." >i>Bell Journal of Economics>/i> 10, no. 1:
 117-40.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Viscusi, Kip. 1986. "Reforming OSHA Regulation of Workplace
 Risks." In >i>Regulatory Reform: What Actually Happened>/i>, ed. Leonard
 W. Weiss and Michael W. Klass, 234-68. Boston: Little, Brown.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Viscusi, Kip.
 1992. >i>Fatal Tradeoffs: Public and Private Responsibilities for
 Risk.>/i> New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Weil, D. 1996. "If OSHA Is
 So Bad, Why Is Compliance So Good?" >i>RAND Journal of Economics>/i> 27,
 no. 3: 618-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Xiao Xingzhi and Sun Yang. 2006. "Coal Mine Safety
 Regulations: Theoretical Motives, Designing Standards, and Supplementing
 the System" (Meikuang anquan guizhi lilun dongyin, biaozhun sheji yu zhidu
 buchong). >i>Industrial Economics Research>/i> (Chanye jingji yanjiu), no.
 4.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Zhao Hongguang and Wang Aiguo. 2005. "A Brief Analysis of
 Current Causes of China's Coal Mine Accidents" (Dangqian woguo meikuang
 anquan shigu yuanyin qianxi). >i>Coal Economic Research>/i> (Meitan jingji
 yanjiu), no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Zhong, Xiaohan. 2007. "Coal Mine Safety and Coal Production:
 A Preliminary Study" (Meikuang anquan yu meitan chanliang: Chubu yanjiu).
 Tsinghua University National Center for Economic Research, Working Paper
 No. 200701.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:73-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Regulations and Development in Industrial Sectors and Income Inequality 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E0777264828V324W 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiang Feitao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feitao 
Author-Name: Chen Weigang 
Author-X-Name-First: Chen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weigang 
Author-Name: Huang Jianbai 
Author-X-Name-First: Huang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianbai 
Title: Limitations and Negative Results of Investment Regulation Policies 
Abstract:
 This article systematically studies investment regulation policies adopted
 after 1994 to prevent overcapacity in the Chinese iron and steel industry.
 Theoretical analysis shows that these policies have three major
 limitations: they cannot fundamentally govern overcapacity; they cannot be
 used by policymakers to make accurate predictions or formulate acceptable
 investment plans; they may disturb the market process and lead to negative
 policy results. Reviews of policy predictions show that there has always
 been a large difference between iron and steel industry policy forecasts
 and plans for investment regulation and market realities. A
 Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis of the effects of these policies on
 fixed-asset investment in the industry further reveals that the policies
 obstruct self-adjustment of fixed-asset investment in the market, leading
 to negative policy results. Policies of these types should be adopted with
 great caution.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-48 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F1333464GH26X40P 
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X-Bibl:
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 Strengthen Strategic Thinking and Market Vision" (Yingdui channeng
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 "The Problem of âExcessive Entryâ in Transitional Economies: An
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:30-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Danhui 
Author-X-Name-First: Yang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Danhui 
Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Development of High-Growth Industrial Sectors in China, 1998-2006 
Abstract:
 An investigation of the changes in scale, benefits, technical level,
 export capacity, and organizational structure of China's high-growth
 industrial sectors from 1998 to 2006 found that their strong industrial
 development was realized under conditions of openness. Industry in China
 has the highest degree of openness and greatest concentration of
 international industrial transfers, and foreign-funded enterprises have
 played an important role in strong industrial development. However,
 technical characteristics and degree of openness vary from sector to
 sector, resulting in major differences in scale, made, and influence of
 FDI in China's high-growth industrial sectors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 93-114 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=QUPT835T8Q3V29L7 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Arita, T., and I. R.
 Gordon. 2002. "Industrial Clusters, Transaction Costs and the
 Institutional Determinants of MNE Location Behavior." >i>International
 Business Review>/i> 11, no. 6: 647-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Blanc, H., and C. Sierra. 1999. "The
 Internationalization of R&D by Multinationals: A Trade-Off Between
 External and Internal Proximity." >i>Cambridge Journal of Economics>/i>
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	<BIBTEXT> Buckley, P. J., and Chengqi Wang. 2002. "The Impact of
 Inward FDI on the Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms." >i>Journal
 of International Business Studies>/i> 33, no. 4: 637-55.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen Taotao.
 2003. "Sector Characteristics Affecting the Foreign Direct Investment
 Spillover Effect in China" (Yingxiang Zhongguo waishang zhijie touzi yichu
 xiaoying de hangye tezheng). >i>Chinese Social Science>/i> (Zhongguo
 shehui kexue), no. 4.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen Taotao and Chen Jiao. 2005. "An
 Analytical Model for Double-Mechanism FDI Intra-Industry Spillover into
 Host Country Internal Markets" (Goujian waishang zhijie touzi hangye nei
 yichu xiaoying shuangjizhi shuangyinsu fenxi moxing). >i>China Soft
 Science>/i> (Zhongguo ruan kexue), no. 10.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
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 2006. "Sector Growth Factors and the FDI Spillover Effect Within Chinese
 Sectors" (Hangye zengzhang yinsu yu woguo FDI hangye nei yichu xiaoying).
 >i>Economic Research Journal>/i> (Jingji yanjiu), no. 6.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dong Shuli. 2004.
 "Multinational Organizations Establishing Research and Development
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 jinbu). >i>Forum on Science and Technology in China>/i> (Zhongguo keji
 luntan), no. 4.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Dunning, J. H. 2002. >i>Global Capitalism, FDI and
 Competitiveness.>/i> Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
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 "Foreign Investment and China's Economic DevelopmentâIndustrial and
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:93-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cao Jianhai 
Author-X-Name-First: Cao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianhai 
Author-Name: Jiang Feitao 
Author-X-Name-First: Jiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Feitao 
Title: Market Failure or Institutional Weakness? 
Abstract:
 Studies of the mechanisms of redundant construction formation and
 overcapacity commonly explain them in terms of market failure. Redundant
 construction policies are used as the basis for administrative control of
 investment and market access. This article reexamines major research that
 follows this line and finds that it is fundamentally flawed. Investigation
 shows that the main cause of enterprise overinvestment, overcapacity, and
 redundant construction is improper microeconomic interference by local
 governments under systemic distortions. This interference distorts
 enterprise investment behavior through the effects of cost
 externalization, investment subsidization, and risk externalization.
 Hence, redundant construction cannot be controlled administratively. The
 problem of redundant construction must be resolved through reforms of
 land-property rights and the financial system that use market competition
 to influence enterprise investment policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-29 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=XNH7210758303454 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:6-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liu Xueliang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xueliang 
Title: Decomposition of China's Income Inequality, 1995-2006 
Abstract:
 This article uses relative entropy to give a simple demonstration of the
 Theil index, commonly used to calculate and decompose income inequality. A
 calculation and decomposition analysis of inequality in China from the
 four aspects of urban-rural income inequality, urban-rural consumption
 inequality, employers, and industries for the 1995-2006 time series. The
 results concern the magnitude of the factors affecting Chinese income
 inequality, the extent of the inequality, and long-term inequality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-72 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y1121362KN52J276 
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X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:4:p:49-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai Cheong Shum 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Cheong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shum 
Author-Name: Gordon Y.N. Tang 
Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Y.N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang 
Title: Risk-Return Characteristics 
Abstract:
 Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC), the most rapidly developing
 countries in the twenty-first century, are expected to become the four
 dominant economies by the year 2050. This paper examines the risk and
 return characteristics of their stock markets over the past few years. The
 markets in Brazil, Russia, and China produce significantly positive mean
 excess return. China and Brazil not only have the largest Sharpe ratio,
 but also have the better fit to a conditional risk-return model in terms
 of stock returns variations. In all markets, the systematic risk, beta, is
 still the most important factor in explaining returns variations. Other
 risk measures, including unsystematic risk, skewness, and kurtosis,
 provide limited incremental explanatory power. However, while the
 intercept coefficient in the regression model is not significantly
 different from zero in Brazil, Russia, and India, the coefficient for
 China is significantly positive, indicating that the Chinese stock market
 generates positive abnormal risk-adjusted returns.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-31 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=102P74108HM915T5 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 D.J.P. Chai; and T.Y. Fu. 2007. âThe Conditional Relation Between Beta
 and Returns: The New Zealand Case.â Paper presented at the 2007 Asian
 Finance Association Conference in Hong Kong (July).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
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 <BIBTEXT> Tang, G.Y.N. 2006. âRisk-Return Relationships in the Hong Kong
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:15-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing Chi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi 
Author-Name: Chunping Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Chunping 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Martin Young 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Young 
Title: Long-Run Outperformance of Chinese Initial Public Offerings 
Abstract:
 The long-run performance of Chinese IPOs is investigated using 897 A-share
 IPOs listed on the two Chinese stock exchanges from 1996 to 2002.
 Significantly positive abnormal returns are found up to three years after
 listing by using the cumulative abnormal return measure, the buy-and-hold
 abnormal return measure, and the Fama-French three-factor model. Since the
 series of reforms in 1999-2000, outperformance has shown clear signs of
 decreasing. Cross-sectional analysis supports the view that the reasons
 for the outperformance of IPOs are the privatized nature of the new issues
 and the inequality of supply and demand. However, the uncertainty of the
 reforms reducing state ownership has made investing in IPOs less
 attractive in the long run.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 62-88 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=22765512U3304006 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatisation.â >i>Journal of Economic
 Literature>/i> 39, no. 2: 321-389.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>28</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Menyah, K., and K. Paudyal. 1996.
 âShare Issue Privatizations: The UK Experience.â In >i>Empirical
 Issues in Raising Capital>/i>, ed. M. Levis, 17-48. Amsterdam: Elsevier
 Science.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>29</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Mok, H.M.K., and Y.V. Hui. 1998. âUnderpricing and
 After-Market Performance of IPOs in Shanghai, China.â >i>Pacific-Basin
 Finance Journal>/i> 6: 453-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Qiang, Q. 2003. âCorporate Governance
 and State-Owned Shares in China Listed Companies.â >i>Journal of Asian
 Economics>/i> 14, no. 5: 771-83.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>31</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ritter, J. 1984. âThe âHot Issueâ
 Market of 1980.â >i>Journal of Business>/i> 57: 215-40.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ritter, J. 1991.
 âThe Long-Run Performance of Initial Public Offerings.â >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 46: 3-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Stehle, R.; O. Ehrhardt; and R.
 Przyborowsky. 2000. âLong-Run Stock Performance of German Initial Public
 Offerings and Seasoned Equity Issues.â >i>European Financial
 Management>/i> 6, no. 2: 173-96.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Sun, Q., and H.S. Tong. 2003. âChina
 Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success.â >i>Journal of
 Financial Economics>/i> 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:62-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Contemporary Chinese Financial Markets 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=87M5557T82634741 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuexiang Jiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuexiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang 
Author-Name: Feng Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Feng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Tianjian Lan 
Author-X-Name-First: Tianjian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan 
Title: Pricing Efficiency of China's Exchange-Traded Fund Market 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the pricing efficiency of the Shanghai 50 ETF (SSE
 50 ETF), the first exchange-traded fund (ETF) in China. The empirical
 results demonstrate that ETF market prices and net asset values (NAV) are
 cointegrated and there is unidirectional causality from price to NAV. The
 conditional variance dynamics from the augmented Generated AutoRegressive
 Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) framework show that ETF market
 prices influence NAV volatility and therefore can be used as
 price-discovery vehicles. The study also finds that the fund's prices did
 not closely follow the NAV during the second half of 2007, when the
 Chinese stock market experienced substantial volatility, reflecting sudden
 increased market risks as well as potential arbitrage opportunities during
 financial turbulences.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-49 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HT5G683885261700 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ackert, L.F., and Y.S.
 Tian. 2000. âArbitrage and Valuation in the Market for Standard and
 Poor's Depositary Receipts.â >i>Financial Management>/i> 29:
 71-87.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Bollerslev, T. 1986. âGeneralized Autoregressive Conditional
 Heteroscedasticity.â >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 31:
 307-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Blume, M.E., and R.M. Edelen. 2004. âS&P500 Indexers, Tracking
 Error, and Liquidity.â >i>Journal of Portfolio Management>/i> 30, no. 3:
 37-47.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Cheng, L.; H.G. Fung; and Y. Tse. 2008. âChina's Exchange
 Trade Fund: Is There a Trading Place Bias?â >i>Review of Pacific Basin
 Financial Markets and Policies>/i> 11, no. 1: 61-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Delcoure, N., and M.
 Zhong. 2007. âOn the Premiums of iShares.â >i>Journal of Empirical
 Finance>/i> 14, no. 2: 168-95.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Elliott, G.; T.J. Rothenberg; and J.H.
 Stock. 1996. âEfficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root.â
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 64: 813-36.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Elton, E.; M. Gruber; and J. Busse. 2004.
 âAre Investors Rational? Choices Among Index Funds.â >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 59, no. 1: 261-88.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Elton, E.; M. Gruber; G. Comer; and K. Li.
 2002. âSpiders: Where Are the Bugs?â >i>Journal of Business>/i> 75,
 no. 3: 453-72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Engle, R., and C.W. Granger. 1987. âCointegration and Error
 Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing.â
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 55: 251-76.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Engle, R., and D. Sarkar. 2006.
 âPremiums-Discounts and Exchange Traded Funds.â >i>Journal of
 Derivatives>/i> 13, no. 4: 27-45.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Engle, R., and B.S. Yoo. 1987.
 âForecasting and Testing in Co-Integrated Systems.â >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 35: 143-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gastineau, G.L. 2001. âExchange-Traded
 Funds: An Introduction.â >i>Journal of Portfolio Management>/i> 27, no.
 3: 88-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Granger, C.W. 1988. âSome Recent Developments in a Concept of
 Causality.â >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 39: 199-211.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Guo, F., and Y.
 Huang. 2010. âDoes âHot Moneyâ Drive China's Real Estate and Stock
 Markets?â >i>International Review of Economics and Finance>/i> 19:
 452-66.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hasbrouck, J. 2003. âIntraday Price Formation in U.S. Equity
 Index Markets.â >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 58, no. 6:
 2375-2400.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Huang, J., and H. Wang. 2009. âGovernment Protection and
 Corporate Risk Management in China.â >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 2:
 7-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Jares, T.E., and A.M. Lavin. 2004. âJapan and Hong Kong
 Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): Discounts, Returns and Trading
 Strategies.â >i>Journal of Financial Services Research>/i> 25, no. 1:
 57-69.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kwong, C. 2009. âFrom Commercialization to WTO Accession: What
 Lies Ahead for China's Banking Reform?â >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no.
 5: 8-20.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Lee, T.H. 1994. âSpread and Volatility in Spot and Forward
 Exchange Rates.â >i>Journal of International Money and Finance>/i> 13,
 no. 3: 375-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>20</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Lin, C.C.; S.J. Chan; and H. Hsu. 2006. âPricing Efficiency
 of Exchange Traded Funds in Taiwan.â >i>Journal of Asset Management>/i>
 7, no. 1: 60-68.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>21</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Poterba, J.M., and J.B. Shoven. 2002. âExchange-Traded
 Funds: A New Investment Option for Taxable Investors.â >i>American
 Economic Review>/i> 92, no. 2: 422-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>22</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Wang J. 2006. âImpact of SSE 50 ETF
 on the Volatility of Its Component Stocks.â >i>Securities Market
 Herald>/i> 5: 40-44 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, X., and Y. Wang. 1999. âOwnership
 Structure and Corporate Governance in Chinese Stock Companies.â >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 10, no. 1: 75-98.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zou, P., and W. Zhang. 2008. âAn
 Empirical Study on the SSE 50 Index Exchange-Traded Fund.â >i>Shanghai
 Finance>/i> 4: 60-64 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:32-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chih-Hsiang Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Chih-Hsiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Author-Name: Pikki Lai 
Author-X-Name-First: Pikki 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai 
Title: China-Focused Mutual Funds 
Abstract:
 This study examines the performance of China-focused mutual funds using
 monthly returns for the five years from 2004 through 2008. A two-beta
 model is used to examine the performance of the fund managers in two
 aspects: (1) ability to select high-performance stocks, and (2) ability to
 load up on high-beta stocks in an up market and to switch to low-beta
 stocks in a down market. Eight of the ten mutual funds examined have a
 positive and statistically significant Jensen's alpha, a measure of
 superior return performance. The up-market betas are generally small and
 statistically insignificant, while the down-market betas are large and
 statistically significant. These results imply that mutual fund managers
 do not utilize good market timing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-14 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q3736P23016U534R 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chan, K.C.; H. Fung;
 and Q. Liu. 2007. âIntroduction: Development and Challenges of Chinese
 Financial Markets.â In >i>China's Capital Market: Challenges from WTO
 Membership>/i>, ed. K.C. Chan, H. Fung, and Q. Liu, 1-20. Cheltenham, UK:
 Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>2</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Dellva, W.L.; A.L. DeMaskey; and C.A. Smith. 2001.
 âSelectivity and Market Timing Performance of Fidelity Sector Mutual
 Funds.â >i>Financial Review>/i> 36, no. 1 (February): 39-54.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Fung, H., and
 W.K. Leung. 2001. âChinese Liberalization: Implications for Corporate
 Governance.â >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 34, no. 1 (January-February):
 5-14.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Fung, H., and Q. Liu. 2007. âChina's Qualified Foreign
 Institutional Investor and Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor
 Programs.â In >i>China's Capital Market: Challenges from WTO
 Membership>/i>, ed. K.C. Chan, H. Fung, and Q. Liu, 215-30. Cheltenham,
 UK: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Fung, H.; E. Xu; and J. Yau. 2004. âDo Hedge Fund
 Managers Display Skill?â >i>Journal of Alternative Investments>/i> 6,
 no. 4 (Spring): 22-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kao, G.W.; L.T.W. Cheng; and K.C. Chan.
 1998. âInternational Mutual Fund Performance in Up and Down Market
 Conditions.â >i>Financial Review>/i> 33, no. 2 (May): 127-44.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Romacho,
 J.C., and M.C. Cortez. 2006. âTiming and Selectivity in Portuguese
 Mutual Fund Performance.â >i>Research in International Business and
 Finance>/i> 20, no. 3 (September): 348-68.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:5-14




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ying Sophie Huang 
Author-X-Name-First: Ying Sophie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang 
Title: What Causes Speculative Fund Inflow to China? 
Abstract:
 The determinants of the massive overseas speculative fund inflow to China
 in recent years are investigated. Results indicate that appreciation of
 the Chinese currency is the primary underlying force for the influx of
 funds. Speculative funds aim to earn a short-term profit due to the
 relatively higher interest rate in China as opposed to that in the United
 States. On the other hand, housing and stock markets do not directly cause
 the inflow of speculative funds, even though the funds may appear to
 target investment in these markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-61 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R526625335U6167H 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chu, Y., and T.F. Sing.
 2004. âInflation Hedging Characteristics of Chinese Real Estate
 Market.â >i>Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management>/i> 10:
 145-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Engle, R.E., and C. Granger. 1987. âCointegration and
 Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing.â
 >i>Econometrica>/i> 55: 251-76.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Huang, Y., and F. Guo. 2007. âThe Role
 of Oil Price Shocks on China's Real Exchange Rate.â >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 18: 403-16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kim, E.H., and V. Singal. 2000. âStock
 Market Openings: Experience of Emerging Economies.â >i>Journal of
 Business>/i> 73: 25-66.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Martin, M., and W. Morrison. 2008.
 âChina's âHot Moneyâ Problems.â >i>Congressional Research Service
 Reports>/i>, no. RS22921.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Muroi, H. 2008. âIncreasing Difficulty
 in China's Economic Management.â >i>JCER Staff Report>/i> (April
 7).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Pesaran, H., and Y. Shin. 1998. âImpulse Response Analysis in
 Linear Multivariate Models.â >i>Economics Letters>/i> 58:
 165-93.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Prasad, E., and S. Wei. 2005. âChina's Approach to Capital
 Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations. IMF Working Paper
 05/79.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>9</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, G., and H.G. Fung. 2006. âOn the Imbalance Between the
 Real Estate Market and the Stock Markets in China.â >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 39: 26-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:5:p:50-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: He Ying 
Author-X-Name-First: He 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ying 
Author-Name: Wang Qing Ren 
Author-X-Name-First: Wang Qing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ren 
Title: Ups and Downs of the Shanghai Securities Market 
Abstract:
 The Chinese securities market has experienced an unusual history of
 development. Since the launch of China's reform policy, the securities
 market has played an increasingly significant role in China's economic
 development. Shanghai, China's most dynamic city, is a key financial
 center. Like other emerging markets, the Shanghai securities market has
 its own uncertainty, increased even more by the current financial crisis.
 Nevertheless, Shanghai's securities market will have a better tomorrow
 after going through the financial crisis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-93 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=05113126537X4150 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chu, Minwei; He ying;
 and Zhu Deling. 2009. >i>2009 Blue Book for the Construction of the
 Shanghai International Financial Center.>/i> Shanghai: Shanghai People's
 Publishing House.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>2</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Shanghai Stock Exchange. 2008. >i>180 Index Quarterly
 Bulletin.>/i> Shanghai Stock Exchange.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Shanghai Stock Exchange. 2008.
 >i>Monthly Statistics.>/i> Shanghai Stock Exchange.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Shanghai Stock Exchange.
 2008. >i>Statistics Annual.>/i> Shanghai Stock Exchange.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Shanghai Stock
 Exchange. 2009. >i>Fact Book.>/i> Shanghai Stock Exchange.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:76-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dominick Salvatore 
Author-X-Name-First: Dominick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvatore 
Title: China's Financial Markets in the Global Context 
Abstract:
 A well-functioning financial sector is crucial for a nation's growth and
 development. During the past ten years China has made substantial progress
 in developing and improving its financial markets, but additional major
 improvements are still needed in areas identified in this article. These
 improvements will permit China's rapid growth to continue unabated, reduce
 the structural imbalance in the world economy, and may help to avoid
 another global financial and economic crisis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-21 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6G75XL0401915V85 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Salvatore, D., and F.
 Campano. 2010. "The Asian Financial Crisis and Warning IndicatorsâThen
 and Now." >i>East Asia Law Review>/i> (March).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2009.
 >i>Transforming the Rebound into Recovery.>/i> November. Washington, DC:
 World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> World Economic Forum. 2009. >i>The Financial Development
 Report.>/i> Geneva: World Economic Forum.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:8-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vivian Xiaowei Kong 
Author-X-Name-First: Vivian Xiaowei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kong 
Author-Name: Junxi Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Junxi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: The Effect of Managerial Education and Firm-Ownership Structure 
Abstract:
 The interacting and feedback effects between human capital and performance
 in Chinese publicly listed companies are studied. Specifically, managerial
 education attainment is examined to see if it helps to improve firm
 performance. The effect and efficiency of managerial human capital within
 different firm-ownership structures is investigated. It is found that a
 manager's educational level generates a positive effect on the firm's
 operating and market performance, consistent with classic human capital
 theory. In addition, research suggests that dominant state control can be
 detrimental to the contribution margin of managerial human capital. The
 existence of powerful large minority shareholders, however, exerts a
 positive effect. Other institutional aspects of the Chinese transitional
 economy and their potential impacts on managerial education effect are
 also discussed based on empirical findings.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-53 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=724GV6747881V004 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bai, C.; Q. Liu; J. Lu;
 F. Song; and J. Zhang. 2004. "Corporate Governance and Market Valuation in
 China." >i>Journal of Comparative Economics>/i> 32, no. 4:
 519-616.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Barker, V., and G. Mueller. 2002. "CEO Characteristics and Firm
 R&D Spending." >i>Management Science>/i>, no. 48: 782-801.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Becker, G. 1962.
 "Investments in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis." >i>Journal of
 Political Economy>/i> 70: 9-14.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bolton, P., and C. Xu. 1999. "Ownership
 and Managerial Competition: Employee, Customer, and Outside Ownership."
 Center for International Development at Harvard University, working paper
 no. 20.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Fleming, M. 1970. "Inter-firm Differences in Productivity and
 Their Relation to Occupational Structure and Size of Firm." >i>Manchester
 School>/i> 38, no. 3: 223-45.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Foster, P. J. 1987. "The Contribution of
 Education to Development." >i>Economics of Education Research and
 Studies>/i>: 93-100.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gort, M., and S. H. Lee. 2003. "Managerial
 Efficiency, Organizational Capital and Productivity." Economic Studies
 03-08, U. S. Census Working Paper no. 20, Center for International
 Development, Harvard University.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hitt, M., and B. Tyler. 1991. "Strategic
 Decision Models: Integrating Different Perspectives." >i>Strategic
 Management Journal>/i>, no. 12: 327-51.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Kremer, M., and J. Thomson. 1998.
 "Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and
 Gradual Adjustment." >i>Journal of Economic Growth>/i> 3: 5-28.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> McMahon, W.
 1987. "Consumption and Other Benefits of Education." In >i>Economics of
 Education: Research and Studies>/i>, ed. G. Psacharopoulos, 129-33.
 Oxford: Pergamon Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mincer, J. 1974. >i>Schooling,
 Experience, and Earnings.>/i> New York: NBER Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Prescott, E. C., and M.
 Visscher. 1980. "Organization Capital." >i>Journal of Political
 Economy>/i> 88, no. 3: 446-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Psacharopoulos, G., and R. Layard. 1979.
 "Human Capital and Earnings: British Evidence and a Critique." >i>Review
 of Economic Studies>/i> 56, no. 3: 485-503.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Schultz, W. T. 1961.
 "Investment in Human Capital." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 51, no. 1:
 1-17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Stevens, M. 1993. "Some Issues in the Economics of Training."
 Ph.D. diss. (microfilm), Nuffield College, Oxford University.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Tyler, B., and
 H. Steensma. 1998. "The Effects of Executives' Experiences and Perceptions
 on Their Assessment of Potential Technological Alliances." >i>Strategic
 Management Journal>/i>, no. 19: 939-65.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wally, S., and J. Baum. 1994.
 "Personal and Structural Determinants of the Space of Strategic Decision
 Making." >i>Academy of Management Journal>/i>, no. 37: 932-56.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Welch, F.
 1970. "Education in Production." >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 78:
 35-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, C.; S. Tenev; and L. Brefort. 2002. >i>Corporate
 Governance and Enterprise Reform in China: Building the Institutions of
 Modern Markets.>/i> Washington, DC: World Bank and International Finance
 Corporation.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:34-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. W. Luke Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: M. W. Luke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Title: Financial Markets of China: Issues and Perspectives 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 4-7 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M323362068732N42 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:4-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shin-Huei Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Shin-Huei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Cheng Hsiao 
Author-X-Name-First: Cheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsiao 
Title: The Role of China in Asian Monetary Integration 
Abstract:
 This article examines the financial linkage between the RMB and other
 Asian currencies before and after the Asian financial crises in 1997 and
 1998 to shed light on the role of China in Asian monetary integration. A
 newly developed econometrics methodology is employed to test the
 relationships among financial time series. Empirical test results indicate
 that correlations between the RMB and other East Asian currencies were
 higher after the 1997 Asian crisis than before the crisis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-33 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=NG1646K66314W34G 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Akaike, H. 1969. "Power
 Spectrum Estimation Through Autoregressive Model Fitting." >i>Annals of
 Institute of Statistics Mathematics>/i> 21: 407-19.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Andrew, D. W. K. 1991.
 "Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Coverance Matrix
 Estimation." >i>Econometrica>/i> 59, no. 3: 817-58.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>3</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Baek, S., and C. Song.
 2002. "Is Currency Union a Feasible Option in East Asia?" In >i>Currency
 Union in East Asia>/i>, ed. H. G. Choo and Y. Wang, 107-46. Seoul: Korea
 Institute for International Economic Policy.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bauer, D., and M. Wagner.
 2008. "Autoregressive Approximations of Multiple Frequency >i>I>/i>(1)
 Processes." Working paper, Economics Series, Institute for Advanced
 Studies, Vienna.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Berk, K. N. 1974. "Consistent Autoregressive Spectral
 Estimates." >i>Annals of Statistics>/i> 2: 489-502.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Granger, C. W. J., and P.
 Newbold. 1974. "Spurious Regression in Econometrics." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 2: 111-20.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Haugh, L. D. 1976. "Checking the
 Independence of Two Covariance Stationary Time Series: A Univariate
 Residual Cross-Correlation Approach." >i>Journal of American Statistical
 Association>/i> 71: 378-85.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hong, Y. 1996a. "Testing for Independence
 Between Two Covariance Stationary Time Series." >i>Biometrika>/i> 83:
 615-25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hong, Y. 1996b. "Consistent Testing for Serial Correlation of
 Unknown Form." >i>Econometrica>/i> 64: 837-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lee, J. W.; Y. Park; and K.
 Shin. 2004. "A Currency Union in East Asia." In >i>Monetary and Financial
 Integration in East Asia>/i>, ed. Asian Development Bank, vol. 2, 139-75.
 Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Meese, P., and K. Rogoff. 1983.
 "Empirical Exchange Rate Models of the Seventies: Do They Fit Out of
 Sample?" >i>Journal of International Economics>/i> 14: 3-24.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Moon, W.; Y.
 Rhee; and D. Yoon. 2006. "Regional Currency Unit in Asia: Property and
 Perspective." KIEP working paper no. 06-03, Korea Institute for
 International Economic Policy, Seoul.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Obstfeld, M., and A. M. Taylor. 2004.
 >i>Global Capital Markets: Integration Crisis, and Growth.>/i> Cambridge:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Oh, Y. 2009. "Monetary Integration With
 or Without Capital Market Integration." >i>Asian Economic Papers>/i> 8:
 30-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Perron, P., and S. Ng. 1996. "Useful Modifications to Some Unit
 Root Tests with Dependent Errors and Their Local Asymptotic Properties."
 >i>Review of Economic Studies>/i> 63: 435-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Phillips, P. C. B. 1986.
 "Understanding Spurious Regressions in Econometrics." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 33: 311-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Phillips, P. C. B., and P. Perron. 1988.
 "Testing for a Unit Root in a Time Series Regression." >i>Biometrika>/i>
 75: 335-46.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>18</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Ray, B. K., and R. S. Tsay. 2000. "Long Range Dependence in
 Daily Stock Volatilities." >i>Journal of Business and Economic
 Statistics>/i> 18: 254-62.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tsay, W. J., and C. F. Chung. 2000. "The
 Spurious Regression of Fractionally Integrated Processes." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 96: 155-82.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, Shin-Huei, and Cheng Hsiao. 2009a.
 "Testing No Correlations Between Two Long Memory Processes." CORE
 discussion paper.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>21</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Wang, Shin-Huei, and Cheng Hsiao. 2009b. "An Alternative
 Test for Spurious Regression." Working paper.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>22</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Williamson, J. 1999. "The
 Case for a Common Basket Peg for East Asian Currencies," in >i>Exchange
 Rate Policies in Emerging Asian Countries>/i>, ed. S. Collignon, J.
 Pisani-Ferry, and Y. C. Park, 327-43. London: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:22-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. C. Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: K. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Xing-Hao Liao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xing-Hao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liao 
Title: Expiration Effects of Covered Warrants in China 
Abstract:
 This article examines empirically the impact of the expiration of covered
 warrants on stock prices and trading volume in China. It shows that the
 expiration of call warrants had a significantly negative price effect
 during the last four days of the exercise period, whereas, the expiration
 of put warrants exhibited no significant price effect. The trading
 activities of call warrants have a more profound effect than their put
 counterparts around the expiration day.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-75 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 43 
Year: 2010 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P6017XN621224216 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bansal, K.; S. Pruitt;
 and K. Wei. 1989. "An Empirical Reexamination of the Impacts of CBOE
 Option Initiation on the Volatility and Trading Volumes of the Underlying
 Equities: 1973-1986." >i>Financial Review>/i> 24: 19-29.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Brown, S., and J.
 Warner. 1985. "Using Daily Stock Returns: The Case of Event Studies."
 >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 14: 3-31.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Campbell, J.; S. Grossman;
 and J. Wang. 1993. "Trading Volume and Serial Correlation in Stock
 Returns." >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 108: 905-39.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chan, Y., and K.
 C. J. Wei. 2001. "Price and Volume Effects Associated with Derivative
 Warrant Issuance on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong." >i>Journal of
 Banking and Finance>/i> 25: 1401-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, K. C., and L. Wu. 2001.
 "Introduction and Expiration Effects of Derivative Equity Warrants in Hong
 Kong." >i>International Review of Financial Analysis>/i> 10:
 37-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Conrad, J. 1989. "The Price Effect of Option Introduction."
 >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 44: 487-98.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Detemple, J., and P. Jorion. 1990.
 "Option Listing and Stock Returns: An Empirical Analysis." >i>Journal of
 Banking and Finance>/i> 14: 781-801.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Fung, H. G.; G. Zhang; and L. Zhao.
 2009. "China's Equity Warrants Market: An Overview and Analysis."
 >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 1: 86-97.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>9</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Klemkosky, R. C. 1978. "The Impact
 of Option Expirations on Stock Prices." >i>Journal of Financial and
 Quantitative Analysis>/i> 13: 507-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>10</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Li, Ling. 2006. "The Impact of Warrant
 Introduction on the Behavior of Underlying Stocks' Price of Mainland of
 China." >i>Technological Development of Enterprise>/i> 25, no. 11: 86-88
 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Luo, J.; C. Z. Luo; and C. G. Li. 2008. "Empirical Analysis on
 the Impact of Warrants Issuance." >i>Journal of Sichuan University>/i>
 (Social Science Edition) 154: 80-86 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Officer, D. T., and G. L.
 Trennepohl. 1981. "Price Behavior of Corporate Equities Near Option
 Expiration Dates." >i>Financial Management>/i> 10, no. 3: 75-80.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Pope, P.,
 and P. Yadav. 1992. "The Impact of Option Expiration on Underlying Stocks:
 The UK Evidence." >i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting>/i> 19
 (April): 329-44.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Shi, L. Y. 2008. "Empirical Analysis on the Price Impact of
 Warrants Issuance." >i>Modern Economy>/i> 7, no. 7: 26-29 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Sorescu, S. 2000. "The Effect of Options on Stock Prices:
 1973-1995." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 55: 487-514.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiong, W., and J. L. Yu.
 2009. "The Chinese Warrants Bubbles." Working paper, National Bureau of
 Economic Research.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:43:y:2010:i:6:p:54-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakae Suga 
Author-X-Name-First: Sakae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suga 
Title: The Level of China's Industrial Technology 
Abstract:
 China is carrying on what is called socialist construction on a very large
 scale, and the question I am going to discuss in this paper is: "What is
 the goal of this socialist construction?"
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 132-160 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1971 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M24Q480WN1HV18LH 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:4:y:1971:i:3:p:132-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chiang Hung 
Author-X-Name-First: Chiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hung 
Title: Seriously Grasp Class Struggle in the Economic Realm 
Abstract:
 At this moment a struggle for beating back the bourgeois attack in the
 economic realm is unfolding. This struggle has a vital role to play in
 consolidating the system of socialist ownership, strengthening the
 proletarian dictatorship, resisting the onslaught of bourgeois sugar
 coated bullets, and promoting the ideological revolutionization of man.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 194-200 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1971 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N513V7583558N018 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:4:y:1971:i:3:p:194-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masumi Sato 
Author-X-Name-First: Masumi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sato 
Title: The Realities and Technological Trends of China'S Heavy and Chemical Industries 
Abstract:
 The theme of my discourse is "trends and technological levels of China's
 heavy and chemical industries," and I propose to discuss, in short, the
 present capabilities of China's major industries â or, in other words,
 their overall level, including the technological one.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 161-193 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1971 
Month: 4 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W0216851W37PH236 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:4:y:1971:i:3:p:161-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Author-Name: Erqian Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Erqian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Zhuo Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Equal Work Opportunity but Unequal Income 
Abstract:
 Using data collected from a survey of 1,622 relatively low-income
 households in Changsha in January 2007, this paper compares gender
 disparities in employment and disposable income among the relatively poor
 urban population in China. We found that although there is no difference
 in the probability of either gender being employed, male respondents have
 higher levels of disposable income than females. The Oaxaca-Blinder
 decomposition technique was used to determine whether education and age
 can explain part of the wage gap.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=11361142578072M0 
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bishop, John A.; Feijun
 Luo; and Fang P. Wang. 2005. "Economic Transition, Gender Bias, and the
 Distribution of Earnings in China." >i>Economics of Transition>/i> 13, no.
 2: 239-59.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>2</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Blinder, A. S. 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and
 Structural Estimates." >i>Journal of Human Resources>/i> 8, no. 4:
 436-55.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Z., and S. T. Yen. 2005. "On Bias Correction in the
 Multivariate Sample-Selection Model." >i>Applied Economics>/i> 37, no. 21:
 2459-68.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Du, F., and X.-Y. Dong. 2007. "Why Do Women Have Longer
 Unemployment Durations Than Men in Post-Restructuring Urban China?"
 IZA/World Bank Conference Employment and Development, June 8-9, Bonn,
 Germany.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Khan, A. R. 2005. "An Evaluation of World Bank Assistance to
 China for Poverty Reduction in the 1990s." Working paper, Operations
 Evaluation Department, World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Klein, L. R., and W. Mak. 2007. "The
 Sustainability of China's Economic Expansion Since 1978." Paper presented
 at the Project LINK Spring Meeting, Beijing, China, May 14-17.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>7</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> National
 Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC), Hunan Branch. 2007. >i>Statistical
 Report.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.hntj.gov.cn'>www.hntj.gov.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Neumark, D. 1988.
 "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage
 Discrimination." >i>Journal of Human Resources>/i> 23: 279-95.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Oaxaca, R.
 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets."
 >i>International Economic Review>/i> 14: 693-709.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> UNDP (United Nations
 Development Programme). 2007. >i>Human Development Report.>/i> New
 York.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:39-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhihao Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhihao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Demographic Dynamics and Economic Take-Off 
Abstract:
 This article develops and tests a simple theory of demographic dynamics
 and economic take-off. It shows that demographic change has a threshold
 effect, and that China's population policies moved this threshold effect
 (i.e., the timing of economic take-off) forward by more than a decade. The
 impact of China's population-control policies on China's economic growth
 may be twice as large as what is estimated by the traditional econometric
 method.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2H63464V5N620575 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Agostini, C. A., and P.
 H. Brown. 2007. "Spatial Aspects of Inequality in Chile." >i>Revista de
 AnÃ¡lisis EconÃ³mico>/i> 22, no. 1: 3-31.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Azariadis, C., and A. Drazen. 1990.
 "Threshold Externalities in Economic Development." >i>Quarterly Journal of
 Economics>/i> 105, no. 2: 501-26.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bloom, D. E., and J. G. Williamson. 1998.
 "Demographic Transition and Economic Miracles in Emerging Asia." >i>World
 Bank Economic Review>/i> 12, no. 3: 419-55.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Brander, J. A., and S.
 Dowrick. 1994. "The Role of Fertility and Population in Economic Growth:
 Empirical Results from Aggregate Cross-National Data." >i>Journal of
 Population Economics>/i> 7: 1-25.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Feldstein, M. S., and C. Horioka. 1980.
 "Domestic Savings and International Equity Flows." >i>Economic Journal>/i>
 90: 314-29.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Gallup, J. L.; J. D. Sachs; and A. Mellinger. 1999. "Geography
 and Economic Development." Center for International Development, Harvard
 University, Working Paper no. 1.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Greenhalgh, S. 2003. "Science, Modernity,
 and the Making of China's One-Child Policy." >i>Population and Development
 Review>/i> 29, no. 2: 163-96.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hansen. B. E. 2000. "Sample Splitting and
 Threshold Estimation." >i>Econometrica>/i> 68, no. 3: 575-604.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Haveman, R.,
 and B. Wolfe. 1995. "The Determinants of Children's Attainment: A Review
 of Methods and Findings." >i>Journal of Economic Literature>/i> 33, no. 4:
 1829-78.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Higgins, M., and J. G. Williamson. 1997. "Age Structure Dynamics
 in Asia and Dependence on Foreign Capital." >i>Population and Development
 Review>/i> 23, no. 2: 261-93.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Holz, C. A. 2006. "China's Reform Period
 Economic Growth: How Reliable Are Angus Maddison's Estimates?" >i>Review
 of Income and Wealth>/i> 52, no. 1: 85-119.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kelley, A. C., and R. M.
 Schmidt. 1995. "Aggregate Population and Economic Growth Correlations: The
 Role of Components of Demographic Change." >i>Demography>/i> 32:
 543-55.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>13</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Knight, J., and L. Song. 1993. "The Spatial Contribution to
 Income Inequality in Rural China." >i>Cambridge Journal of Economics>/i>
 17, no. 2: 195-213.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Leff, N. H. 1969. "Dependency Rates and
 Saving Rates." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 59, no. 5:
 886-96.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Li, H.; Jie Zhang; and Junsen Zhang. 2007. "Effects of Longevity
 and Dependency Rates on Saving and Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Cross
 Countries." >i>Journal of Development Economics>/i> 84, no. 1:
 138-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> McNicoll, G. 2006. "Policy Lessons of the East Asian Demographic
 Transition." >i>Population and Development Review>/i> 32, no. 1:
 1-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>17</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Sachs, J. D., and A. M. Warner. 1995. "Natural Resource
 Abundance and Economic Growth." National Bureau of Economic Research
 Working Paper no. 5398.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wu, Y., and Q. Ye. 1998. >i>China's
 Reform and Economic Growth.>/i> Canberra: Asia Pacific Press.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>19</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Yang, Z. H.
 1996. >i>China Historical Population Data and the Relevant Studies.>/i>
 Beijing: Reform Publisher (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:72-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sankar Mukhopadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Sankar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay 
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Author-Name: Erqian Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Erqian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Employment and Earnings of Low-Income Residents in Urban China 
Abstract:
 A recent data set from the city of Changsha is used to estimate the impact
 of social support programs on employment for low-income urban workers in
 China. The Chinese urban household registration system >i>(hukou),>/i>
 which determines whether an individual is eligible for social support
 programs, allows us to identify the effect of social support programs
 using an instrumental variable setting. It is found that the probability
 of employment is reduced by about 35 percent for those who rely on social
 support programs. The determinants of labor income for low-income workers
 are also examined.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8028567837608383 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, Shuming; Ãrn B.
 Bodvarsson; Jack Hou; and Yaohui Zhao. 2008. "The Deregulation of People
 Flows in China: Did the Structure of Migration Change?" Paper presented at
 the Chinese Economist Society conference in Tianjin, China, April
 18-20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Eissa, Nada, and Hilary Hoynes. 1998. "The Earned Income Tax
 Credit and the Labor Supply of Married Couples." National Bureau of
 Economic Research Working Paper no. 6856, Cambridge.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Eissa, Nada, and Jeffrey
 Liebman. 1996. "Labor Supply Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit."
 >i>Quarterly Journal of Economics>/i> 111: 605-37.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hackman, James J. 1979.
 "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error." >i>Econometrica>/i> 47,
 no. 1: 53-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Hoynes, H. 1997. "Work, Welfare, and Family Structure: What
 Have We Learned?" In >i>Fiscal Policy: Lessons from Economic Research>/i>,
 ed. A. Auerbach. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Hussain, Arthur. 2003.
 >i>Urban Poverty in China: Measurement, Patterns and Policies.>/i> Geneva:
 International Labor Organization.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Knight, John, and Linda Yueh. 2004. "Job
 Mobility of Residents and Migrants in Urban China." >i>Journal of
 Comparative Economics>/i> 32: 637-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Lin, Zifang. 2008. "Expanding Trend on
 Unemployment Insurance Coverage." >i>Employment and Security>/i> 1: 66-67.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://cn.qikan.com/Article/jybz/jybz200801/jybz20080116.html'>http:
 //cn.qikan.com/Article/jybz/jybz200801/jybz20080116.html>/a></BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Moffitt, Robert
 A. 1992. "Incentive Effects of the U. S. Welfare System: A Review."
 >i>Journal of Economic Literature>/i> 30: 1-61.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Moffitt, Robert A. 2002.
 "Welfare Programs and Labor Supply." In >i>Handbook of Public
 Economics>/i>, ed. A. Auerbach and M. Feldstein, vol. 4, 2393-2430.
 Amsterdam: Elsevier.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>11</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Murray, Michael P. 2006. "Avoiding
 Invalid Instruments and Coping with Weak Instruments." >i>Journal of
 Economic Perspectives>/i> 20, no. 4: 111-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>12</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of
 Statistics, Hunan Branch. 2007. >i>Statistical Report.>/i> Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.hntj.gov.cn'>www.hntj.gov.cn>/a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>13</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Puhani, Patrick A. 2000.
 "The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique." >i>Journal
 of Economic Surveys>/i> 14, no. 1: 53-68.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>14</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Shi, Lin. 2008. "Expanding the
 Coverage of Unemployment Insurance and Enhancing the Compensation for
 Unemployed Workers." >i>Employment and Security>/i>, no. 1: 68. Available
 at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://cn.qikan.com/Article/jybz/jybz200801/jybz20080117.html'>http:
 //cn.qikan.com/Article/jybz/jybz200801/jybz20080117.html>/a></BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sun, Sizhong.
 2007. "Problems of Unemployment Insurance in China and Solutions."
 >i>China Economist>/i>, no. 2: 63-64. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ilib2.com/AISSN~1004-4914(2007)02-063-03.html'>http://www
 .ilib2.com/AISSN~1004-4914(2007)02-063-03.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Townsend, Robert M. 1994.
 "Risk and Insurance in Village India." >i>Econometrica>/i> 62, no. 3:
 539-91.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Zhi. 2007. "Three Tough Breakthroughs of Unemployment
 Insurance." June 8. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200706/08/t20070608_11651781.shtml'>
 www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200706/08/t20070608_11651781.shtml>/a></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:6-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chengri Ding 
Author-X-Name-First: Chengri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding 
Author-Name: Xingshuo Zhao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xingshuo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao 
Title: Assessment of Urban Spatial-Growth Patterns in China During Rapid Urbanization 
Abstract:
 The enormous success of the Chinese economy has caused remarkable urban
 spatial expansion, resulting in new urban forms and reshaped city
 profiles. This article assesses emerging urban spatial forms that are
 prevalent and sizable enough to have a substantial impact on
 transportation, the environment, and urban sustainability. Special
 economic zones (SEZs), university towns, central business districts
 (CBDs), and mixed land development in terms of urban agglomeration,
 transportation, and land use externality are examined. It is concluded
 that efficient gains would be significant if SEZs are integrated with each
 other as well as with the city proper, university towns are developed to
 accommodate no more than a couple of colleges, and CBDs are concentrated
 with high-value activities. It is further concluded that mixed land use
 may not be an appropriate policy instrument to promote smart growth in
 Chinese cities because of the high degree of existing mixed land-use
 patterns.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H21251714676T731 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bertaud, A. 2003. "The
 Spatial Organization of Cities: Deliberate Outcome or Unforeseen
 Consequence." World Development Report, World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bertaud, A. 2004. "The
 Spatial Organization of Cities: Deliberate Outcome or Unforeseen
 Consequence?" Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://alain-bertaud.com/images/AB_The_spatial_organization_of_citie
 s_Version_3.pdf'>http://alain-bertaud.com/images/AB_The_spatial_organizati
 on_of_cities_Version_3.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cao, D. 2004. "China Cancels 4,800
 Development Zones." >i>China Daily>/i> (August 24). Available at >a
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 tm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-08/24/content_368120.htm>/a></B
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 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cervero, R., and K. L. Wu. 1998.
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 1980-1990." >i>Urban Studies>/i> 35, no. 7: 1059-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
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 Spatial Development in the Land Policy Reform Era: Evidence from Beijing."
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 Planning Challenges to Promote Efficient Urban Spatial Development During
 Rapid Transformation in China." >i>Sustainability>/i> 1, no. 3:
 384-403.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ding, C.; G. Knaap; and Y. Song. 2004. "Envisioning Beijing
 2020âTechnical Report for the Revision of Beijing's Comprehensive Plan
 2020." Working paper, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dupont, V. 2004.
 "Urban Development and Population Redistribution in Delhi: Implications
 for Categorizing Population." In >i>New Forms of Urbanization: Beyond the
 Urban-Rural Dichotomy>/i>, ed. T. Champio and G. Hugo, 171-90. Burlington,
 VT: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Feldman, M. P., and D. B. Audretsch. 1999. "Innovation in
 Cities: Science-Based Diversity Specialization, and Localization
 Competition." >i>European Economic Review>/i> 43: 409-29.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gabe, Todd M.
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 Transformation in Post-Mao China: Impacts of the Reform Era on China's
 Urban Form." In >i>Urban Spaces in Contemporary China: The Potential for
 Autonomy and Community in Post-Mao China>/i>, ed. D. S. Davis, R. Kraus,
 B. Naughton, and E. J. Perry, 28-60. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center
 Press and Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Gordon, H., and P. Richardson. 1997.
 "Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?" >i>Journal of the American
 Planning Association>/i> 63, no. 1: 99-106.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>     
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 Rubinfeld. 1982. "Micro Estimates of Public Spending Demand Functions and
 Tests of the Tiebout and Median Voter Hypothesis." >i>Journal of Political
 Economy>/i> 90, no. 3: 536-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Green, H. 2006. "Urban Sprawl Costs: Why
 We Do Not Have More Affordable Housing." >i>Santa Barbara News-Press>/i>
 (Affordable Housing Series). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.popular-economics.com/documents/urbanSprawlCosts.pdf'>www
 .popular-economics.com/documents/urbanSprawlCosts.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Henderson, J.
 V.; A. Kuncoro; and M. Turner. 1995. "Industrial Development in Cities."
 >i>Journal of Political Economy>/i> 103: 1067-85.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Jacquemin, A. R. A. 1999.
 >i>Urban Development and New Towns in the Third World: Lessons from the
 New Bombay Experience>/i>. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jun, M., and J. Hur.
 2001. "Commuting Costs of âLeaf-Frogâ New Town Development in Seoul."
 >i>Cities>/i> 18, no. 3: 151-58.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>20</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Knaap, G. 2008. "The Sprawl of Economics:
 A Response to Jan Brueckner." Working paper, Lincoln Institute of Land
 Policy.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>21</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lahti, P. 1994. "Ecology, Economy, Energy and Other Elements in
 Urban Future." Paper presented at the Nordic research workshop in Espoo,
 Finland, February 17-18.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levine, J. 1990. "Employment
 Suburbanization and the Journal to Work." Ph.D. diss. University of
 California, Berkeley.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, R.R, and C. Q. Guan. 2005. "Mode
 Biases of Urban Transportation Policies in China and Their Implications."
 >i>Journal of Urban Planning and Development>/i> 131, no. 2:
 58-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>24</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> McDonald, J. F., and P. Prather. 1994. "Suburban Employment
 Centers: The Case of Chicago." >i>Urban Studies>/i> 31, no. 2:
 201.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> McMillen, D. P. 2003. "Employment Subcenters in Chicago: Past,
 Present, and Future Economic Perspectives." >i>Economic Perspectives>/i>,
 no. 2: 2-14.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Murphy, R. 1972. >i>The Central Business District.>/i> London:
 Longman.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Naess, Petter, and Synnove Lyssand Sandberg. 1996. "Workplace
 Location, Modal Split and Energy Use for Commuting Trips." >i>Urban
 Studies>/i> 33, no. 3: 55-580.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>28</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Phelps, N. A. 2004. "Clusters,
 Dispersion, and the Spaces Between: For an Economic Geography of the
 Banal." >i>Urban Studies>/i> 41, nos. 5/6: 971-89.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>29</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Prud'homme, R. 2000.
 "Patterns and Prospects in China's Urbanization Strategy." Workshop on
 China's Urbanization Strategy: Opportunities, Issues and Policy Options,
 Beijing, May 8-10.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>30</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Richardson, H. W.; C. C. Bae; and M. Jun. 2002.
 "Migration and the Urban System of South Korea." In >i>International
 Handbook of Urban Systems: Studies of Urbanization and Migration in
 Advanced and Developing Countries>/i>, ed. H. S. Geyer, 503-24.
 Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>31</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Sedgley, Norman, and Bruce Elmslie. 2004.
 "The Geographic Concentration of Knowledge: Scale, Agglomeration, and
 Congestion in Innovation Across U. S. States." >i>International Regional
 Science Review>/i> 27, no. 2: 111-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>32</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Sierra Club. 1998. "The Dark Side of
 the American Dream: The Costs and Consequences of Suburban Sprawl."
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/report98'>www.sierraclub.org/sprawl
 /report98>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>33</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Soule, D. 2006. >i>Urban Sprawl: A Comprehensive Reference
 Guide.>/i> Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>
	<BIBL>34</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Storper, M., and A. J. Venables.
 2004. "Buzz: Face-to-Face Contact and the Urban Economy." >i>Journal of
 Economic Geography>/i>, no. 4: 351-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>35</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
 2008. "Smart Growth: More Efficient Land Use Management." In >i>TDM
 Encyclopedia.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm38.htm'>www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm38.htm>/a></B
 IBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:46-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinlan Ni 
Author-X-Name-First: Jinlan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni 
Author-Name: Guangxin Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Guangxin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Xianguo Yao 
Author-X-Name-First: Xianguo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao 
Title: Impact of Minimum Wages on Employment 
Abstract:
 This article examines the impact of the minimum wage on employment in
 China using data from 2000 to 2005. The effect of the minimum wage on
 employment levels was found to be mixed. Overall, minimum wages have no
 significantly adverse effect on employment. In particular, the results in
 the eastern region of China indicate few significant negative effects,
 which is consistent with the minimum wage theory in the competitive
 market. In contrast, the central and western regions experience few
 significantly positive effects, which is consistent with the theory in the
 monopsony model. The results are robust regardless of ownership
 (non-state-owned enterprises, collectives, private enterprises, and other
 types), industry type (manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, hotel
 and restaurant), and gender of workers. Low real minimum wages, weak
 enforcement capabilities, and the buyer's labor marketâthe three factors
 that may account for the effects of minimum wages on employment in
 Chinaâare analyzed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 18-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q22Q5778Q3037L44 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Abowd, J. M.; F.
 Kramarz; D. N. Margolis; and T. Philippon. 2000. "A Tale of Two Countries:
 Minimum Wages and Employment in France and the United States." Mimeograph.
 Paris.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Aaronson, Daniel, and Eric French. 2007. "Product Market
 Evidence on the Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage." >i>Journal of
 Labor Economics>/i> 25, no. 1: 167-200.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bell, L. 1997. "The Impact of Minimum
 Wages in Mexico and Colombia." >i>Journal of Labor Economics>/i> 15, no.
 3: 102-34.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Brown, Charles; Curtis Gilroy; and Andrew Kohen. 1982. "The
 Effect of the Minimum Wage in Employment and Unemployment." >i>Journal of
 Economic Literature>/i> 20: 487-528.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Brown, Charles; Curtis Gilroy; and
 Andrew Kohen. 1983. "Time-Series Evidence of the Effect of the Minimum
 Wage on Youth Employment and Unemployment." >i>Journal of Human
 Resources>/i> 18: 3-31.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bureau of Labor. 2001-2006. >i>China Labor
 Statistics Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Burkhauser,
 Richard; Kenneth Couch; and David Wittenberg. 2000a. "A Reassessment of
 the New Economics of the Minimum Wage Literature with Monthly Data from
 the Current Population Survey." >i>Journal of Labor Economics>/i> 18, no.
 4: 653-80.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Burkhauser, Richard; Kenneth Couch; and David Wittenberg. 2000b.
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 Katz, Lawrence, and Alan Krueger. 1992. "The Effect of the Minimum Wage in
 the Fast-Food Industry." >i>Industrial and Labor Relations Review>/i> 46:
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 <BIBTEXT> Kawaguchi, Daiji, and Ken Yamada. 2007. "The Impact of the
 Minimum Wage on Female Employment in Japan." >i>Contemporary Economic
 Policy>/i> 25, no. 1: 107-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kong, Guangshan. 2006. "The Minimum Wage
 System Is More Harmful to Low Skilled Workers." Forum of China Reform, May
 16 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>  
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 sohu.com/20060509/n243154402.shtml>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
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 1994. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Wage Dispersion and Employment:
 Evidence from the U. K. Wages Councils." >i>Industrial and Labor Relations
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 <BIBL>29</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2001-2006.
 >i>China Statistical Yearbook.>/i> Beijing: China Statistics
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Neumark, David, and William Wascher. 1992. "Employment Effects
 of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws."
 >i>Industrial and Labor Relations Review>/i> 46, no. 1: 55-81.</BIBTEXT>  
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 David, and William Wascher. 1998. "Is the Time-Series Evidence on Minimum
 Wage Effects Contaminated by Publication Bias?" >i>Economic Inquiry>/i>
 36, no. 3: 458-70.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>32</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Neumark, David, and William Wascher. 2000. "âMinimum
 Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey
 and Pennsylvaniaâ: Comment." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 90, no. 5:
 1362-96.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Neumark, David, and William Wascher. 2001. "The Employment
 Effects of Minimum Wages: Evidence from a Prespecified Research Design."
 >i>Industrial Relations>/i> 40, no. 1: 121-44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
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 Do We Need a Minimum Wage System?" Available at >a target="_blank"
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 hu.com/article/20061028/n227846577.shtml>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
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 Consequences of Doubling the Minimum Wage: The Case of Indonesia."
 >i>Industrial and Labor Relations Review>/i> 54: 864-81.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Singell, Larry
 D., Jr., and James R. Terborg. 2007. "Employment Effects of Two Northwest
 Minimum Wage Initiatives." >i>Economic Inquiry>/i> 45, no. 1:
 40-55.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Stigler, George. 1946. "The Economics of Minimum Wage
 Legislation." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 36: 358-65.</BIBTEXT>	 
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 2004. "Government Intervention and the Interests of Labor." >i>Comparative
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	<BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Welch, Finis, and James
 Cunningham. 1978. "Effects of Minimum Wages on the Level and Age
 Composition of Youth Employment." >i>Review of Economics and
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 the Minimum Wage on the Employment Status of Youth." >i>Journal Human
 Resources>/i> 26: 27-46.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:18-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song 
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Song 
Title: Employment, Earnings, and Urban Growth in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 1 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y41544842Q5633J0 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:1:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Grabowski 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grabowski 
Title: China's Economic Takeoff 
Abstract:
 This article analyzes several similarities between the takeoffs to
 sustained growth in China and in Japan. The takeoff period for Japan was
 from 1868 to the late 1930s, while for China it has been from 1978 to the
 present. Prior to takeoff both countries went through periods in which
 economic policy was distorted due to revenue needs of the ruling elite.
 The economic takeoffs in both countries were dependent on surges in
 agricultural growth and rural-based manufacturing. These surges provided
 opportunities for the ruling elites in both nations to diversify their
 revenue sources via fiscal contracts and to provide the infrastructure
 (physical and institutional) necessary for the transition to rapid growth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-24 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3472861VN52431T7 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bates, R. H., and D.
 Lien. 1985. "A Note on Taxation Development, and Representative
 Government." >i>Politics and Society>/i> 14, no. 1: 53-70.</BIBTEXT>	  
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 "Land Taxation and Economic Development: The Model of Meiji Japan."
 >i>Journal of Development Studies>/i> 13: 162-74.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>3</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bramall, C. 2000.
 >i>Sources of Chinese Economic Growth, 1978-1996.>/i> Oxford: Oxford
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>4</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Easterly, W. 2009. "The Anarchy of Success." >i>New York
 Review of Books>/i> 56, no. 15.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Francks, P. 1992. >i>Japanese Economic
 Development: Theory and Practice.>/i> London: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gordon, R. 2008.
 "A Public Finance Perspective on Economic Development." Growth and
 Development Conference, Brookings Institution.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Gordon, R., and W. Li. 2005.
 "Taxes and Economic Growth in China." In >i>Critical Issues in China's
 Growth and Development>/i>, ed. Y. Kwan and E. Yu, 22-40. Hampshire,
 England: Ashgate.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Gordon, R., and W. Li. 2009. "Tax Structure in Developing
 Countries: Many Puzzles and a Possible Explanation." >i>Journal of Public
 Economics>/i> 93: 855-66.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hayami, Y., and V. Ruttan. 1985.
 >i>Agricultural Development: An International Perspective.>/i> Baltimore:
 Johns Hopkins University Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>10</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hayami, Y., and S. Yamada. 1975.
 "Agricultural Research Organization in Economic Development: A Review of
 the Japanese Experience." In >i>Agriculture in Development Theory>/i>, ed.
 L. G. Reynolds, 224-29. New Haven: Yale University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hinrichs, H. H.
 1966. >i>A General Theory of Tax Structure Change During Economic
 Development.>/i> Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hirschmeier, J.,
 and T. Yui. 1975. >i>The Development of Japanese Business.>/i> London:
 Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Holz, C. A. 2008. "China's Economic Growth, 1978-2025: What We
 Know Today About China's Economic Growth Tomorrow." >i>World
 Development>/i> 36: 1665-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kaizuka, K. 1989. "Tax System and
 Economic Development: A Case for Japan." Discussion paper F-12, University
 of Tokyo.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Kawagoe, T. 1998. "Technical and Institutional Innovation in
 Rice Marketing in Japan." In >i>Toward Rural-Based Development of Commerce
 and Industry: Selected Expenses from East Asia>/i>, ed. Y. Hayami, 23-46.
 Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levi, M. 1988. >i>Of Rule and
 Revenue.>/i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Lin, S. 2009.
 "Tax Reforms in China and Russia." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 3:
 24-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lin, Y. L., and M. Liu. 2007. "Rural Taxation in China:
 Historical Evolution and Analytic Framework." >i>China and World
 Economy>/i> 15: 1-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lin, Y. L., and Y. Yao. 2006. "Chinese
 Rural Industrialization in the Context of the East Asian Miracle." China
 Center for Economic Research, Beijing University.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>20</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lin, Y. L.; F. Cai; and Z.
 Li. 2003. >i>The China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic
 Reform.>/i> Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>21</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Liu, X., and T. Sicular.
 2009. "Nonagricultural Employment Determinants and Income Inequality
 Decomposition." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 4: 29-43.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Maddison, A.
 2007. >i>Chinese Economic Performance in the Long-Term.>/i> Paris:
 OECD.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Moore, M. 2001. "Political Underdevelopment: What Causes âBad
 Governanceâ?" >i>Public Management Review>/i> 3: 345-418.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>24</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Nakabayashi, M.
 2008. "Rise of the Japanese Fiscal State." Discussion paper 08-12,
 Graduate School of Economics Osaka University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Raphael, J., and T. P.
 Rohlen. 1998. "How Many Models of Japanese Growth Do We Want or Need?" In
 >i>Behind East Asian Growth: The Political and Social Foundations of
 Prosperity>/i>, ed. H. S. Rowen, 265-96. London: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Scott, J. C.
 1985. >i>Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance.>/i>
 New Haven: Yale University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Smith, T. C. 1959. >i>The Agrarian
 Origins of Modern Japan.>/i> Stanford: Stanford University
 Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Smith, T. C. 1973. "Pre-Modern Economic Growth: Japan and the
 West." >i>Past and Present>/i> 60: 127-60.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>29</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Teranishi, J. 2005.
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 <BIBTEXT> Vlastos, S. 1986. >i>Peasant Protests and Uprisings in Tokugawa
 Japan.>/i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
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 Change.>/i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>   
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:5-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Z. Yin 
Author-X-Name-First: Jason Z. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin 
Author-Name: Sofia Vaschetto 
Author-X-Name-First: Sofia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaschetto 
Title: China's Business Engagement in Africa 
Abstract:
 This article investigates China's business activities in Africa from the
 viewpoint of strategy. After a historical review of Chinese-African
 relations and identification of China's strategic objectives, we compare
 China's engagement in Africa with that of Western powers during the
 colonial and postcolonial eras. The analysis indicates that China's
 differentiation strategy, based on noninterference, soft power, and
 complementarity, has been largely successful in winning the trust of
 African host nations and cultivating bankable relationships. Moreover,
 China's well-coordinated trade, investment, and aid activities have been
 instrumental in building the infrastructure for sustainable economic
 growth in the region.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 43-57 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=420G2964886T3Q88 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bello, W. 2007. "China
 Eyes Africa: The New Imperialism?" >i>Multinational Monitor>/i> 28, no. 1.
 Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/mm2007/012007/floegel.html'>www.
 multinationalmonitor.org/mm2007/012007/floegel.html>/a></BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bereuter, D.
 2009. "China's Trade and Soft Power Relationships with Asia and the United
 States: Reason to Worry?" E. N. Thomason Forum on World Issues:
 Encountering China. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://enthompson.unl.edu'>http://enthompson.unl.edu>/a></BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Brautigam, D.
 2009. >i>The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa.>/i> Oxford:
 Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Brautigam, D., and A. Gaye. 2007. "Online
 Debate: Is Chinese Investment Good for Africa?" Council on Foreign
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 href='http://www.cfr.org/publication/12622/is_chinese_investment_good_for_
 africa.html'>www.cfr.org/publication/12622/is_chinese_investment_good_for_
 africa.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>5</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Broadman, H. G. 2008. "China and India Go to Africa: New
 Deals in the Developing World." >i>Foreign Affairs>/i> 87, no. 2:
 95.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>6</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Buckley, P.; L. J. Clegg; A. R. Cross; X. Liu; H. Voss; and P.
 Zhang. 2007. "The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct
 Investment." >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 38:
 499-518.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Crilly, R. 2005. "Chinese Seek Resources, Profits in Africa."
 >i>USA TODAY>/i> (June 21). Available at >a target="_blank"
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 tm'>www.usatoday.com/money/world/2005-06-21-africa-china-usat_x.htm>/a></B
 IBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>8</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>
 Crystals, F. J. 2009. "Chinese Investment in Africa." >i>Crystal &
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 frica.html'>http://francisjcrystals.blogspot.com/2009/04/chinese-investmen
 t-in-africa.html>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> El-Tablawy, T. 2009. "Chinese Premier
 Pledges Funds, Aid to Africa." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091108/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_china_africa'>
 http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091108/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_china_africa>/a></BI
 BTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT>
 Fishman, T. C. 2006. >i>China Inc.: How the Rise of the Next Superpower
 Challenges America and the World.>/i> New York: Scribner.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kragelund, P.
 2008. "The Return of Non-DAC Donors to Africa: New Prospects for African
 Development?" >i>Development Policy Review>/i> 26, no. 5:
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 What We Need to Know About Africa and Why It Matters.>/i> Washington, DC:
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 New York: Vintage Books.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
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 Forest for the Tree: Trade, Investment and the China-in-Africa Discourse."
 >i>Pacific Affairs>/i> 81, no. 1: 9.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
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 href='http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/051013_china_soft_pwr.pdf'>htt
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    </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:43-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhining Hu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhining 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu 
Author-Name: Jianghuai Zheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianghuai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng 
Author-Name: Jialing Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jialing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Impact of Industrial Linkages on Firm Performance in Development Zones 
Abstract:
 This article investigates the effect of industrial linkages on firm
 performance in Chinese development zones, using Jiangsu province as a case
 study. An ordered response model based on the dependent variable being
 ordinal was developed. The empirical results reveal an insignificant
 relationship between industrial linkages and firm performance. Our
 interpretation of this finding mainly lies with the global and domestic
 challenges that have changed the way participating firms operate and
 organize in the development zones of Jiangsu. When many other economic
 factors take precedence over industrial linkages in driving superior firm
 performance, firms feel it less important to get closer to their suppliers
 or customers, therefore weakening the impact of industrial linkages.
 Although this article primarily focuses on development zones in Jiangsu
 province, the findings and discussion will provide insights for other
 development zones in China that may be, reviewing their development
 strategies because most of them have similar development problems.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 78-105 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5WHQ483526847X15 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Acemoglu, D.; P.
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 the Saddle: CEO Tenure and the Match Between Organization and
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 Production Systems and Local Machine-Tool Subcontracting: Electronics
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 <BIBL>31</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Rong, X. 2004. "Research on China's Small
 and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Cluster Development Model." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 37, no. 5: 7-18.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Scott, A. 1987. "The Semiconductor
 Industry in South-East Asia: Organization, Location and the International
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 Hewings; and J. Guo. 2000. "A New Image of Classical Key Sector Analysis:
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 Survival and Success of Young Small Business Owners." >i>Small Business
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 <BIBL>35</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wong, S., and B. Tang. 2005. "Challenges
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 6-23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:78-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: China's Economic Growth, Industrial Sector, and Foreign Investment 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J1766118222G0118 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sizhong Sun 
Author-X-Name-First: Sizhong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun 
Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers in China's Manufacturing Sector 
Abstract:
 This article explores the technology spillovers of foreign direct
 investment (FDI) in China's manufacturing sector in 2003. Using a
 simultaneous equation model estimated over a comprehensive firm-level data
 set, we find that foreign direct investment in China generates significant
 and positive technology spillovers to domestic firms, with a 1 percent
 increase in foreign presence promoting labor productivity of domestic
 firms by more than 5 percent. The substantial positive spillovers not only
 justify, to some extent, China's FDI policy setting, but also indicate
 that China is likely to continue to benefit from attracting more FDI
 inflow in the future.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-42 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K31N288401W1807T 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aitken, B. J., and A.
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 .org/c/boc/bocode/s456877.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Blomstrom, M., and A. Kokko. 1998.
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 <BIBTEXT> Buckley, P. J.; J. Clegg; and C. Wang. 2002. "The Impact of
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 <BIBTEXT> Liu, T. 2008. "Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on Chinese
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 <BIBTEXT> Liu, X.; D. Parker; K. Vaidya; and Y. Wei. 2001. "The Impact of
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 421-39.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>26</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, Z. 2002. "Foreign Direct Investment and Technology
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  <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2003. >i>Chinese Statistical
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 Bolbol. 2001. "Capital Flows, FDI, and Technology Spillovers: Evidence
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 <BIBTEXT> Sinani, E., and K. E. Meyer. 2004. "Spillovers of Technology
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:25-42




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Dong 
Author-X-Name-First: Yan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong 
Author-Name: Kui-Wai Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kui-Wai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Dayong Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Dayong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Determinants of Chinese and American Outward Investment 
Abstract:
 The People's Republic of China can become an important and influential
 player in the world through its overseas investments in developing
 countries. This article examines and compares the determinants of Chinese
 and American direct investment around the world. The cross-sectional
 analysis is adopted for the years 2005 and 2006. Basic and improved
 Sala-i-Martin extreme bound analyses are applied in searching for robust
 determinants. The results suggest that distance, infrastructure
 facilities, and energy reserves are important factors in attracting
 investment from China and the United States. Institutional factors are not
 robust determinants of China's outward direct investment, suggesting that
 Chinese investors do not pay enough attention to institutional risks in
 making investments.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 58-77 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 3 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L5002P43713M4381 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:2:p:58-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricky W. F. Szeto 
Author-X-Name-First: Ricky W. F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szeto 
Title: Economic and Business Development in China After the Financial Tsunami 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=575352N2121K2RJ8 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Ng 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng 
Title: Economic Impact of the Photovoltaic Industry in China After the Financial Crisis of 2009 
Abstract:
 China's solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has developed rapidly in the past
 decade and currently has the world's largest production capacity. However,
 the Chinese domestic PV market accounts for less than 1 percent of
 worldwide installation. This article highlights the uniqueness and major
 benefits of PVs, discusses the impetus for the use of renewable energy,
 compares national policies promoting the use of solar PV energy, and
 examines the major barriers to the establishment of a domestic market. It
 also discusses market changes and government policies since the financial
 crisis in 2009 that have facilitated the development of the industry and
 market. It concludes that the growth of the solar PV industry offers
 social and economic benefits to the development of China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 22-44 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6147637117H2175X 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 "Wo guo guang fu chan ye fa zhan gai kuang ji si kao" (Major Thoughts on
 the Development of Photovoltaic Industry of China). Paper presented at the
 10th China Solar Conference and Exhibition in Changzhou, Jiangsu province,
 September 19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>35</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Y. 2008. "2008 Report on Photovoltaic Industry
 Development in China." In >i>Annual Report on China's New Energy
 Industry>/i>, ed. L. Hejin and Z. Shaojin, 47-67.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Y.; S. Wang; W.
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 Development of the Photovoltaic Industry in China (2006-2007).>/i> China
 Renewable Energy Development Project.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>37</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Y.; D. Wu; and X. Li. 2006.
 >i>The Status of Photovoltaic Industry and Market Development of
 China.>/i> Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.martinot.info/Zhao_et_al_GWREF2006.pdf'>www.martinot.info
 /Zhao_et_al_GWREF2006.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Z., and K. H. Zhang. 2007. "China's
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 Economy>/i> 40, no. 1: 6-30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:22-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricky W. F. Szeto 
Author-X-Name-First: Ricky W. F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szeto 
Title: Sustainability of Conventional Sagacity Among Chinese Managers 
Abstract:
 Western capitalist ideas brought in by China's economic reforms may be
 undermining the place of traditional Confucian values in China's business
 dealings. This article examines whether the traditional folk wisdom and
 mores handed down in Chinese families have any effect on ethical decisions
 and behavior of Chinese managers in the aftermath of the financial tsunami
 of 2008. A survey of practicing Chinese business managers found that
 traditional Chinese values still have a hold on their ethical behavior and
 thought. A model displays the formal influence of Chinese folk wisdom on
 ideas of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance. The
 findings should be of particular importance in inducing the Western world
 to change its view of the Chinese approach to economic development and the
 effectiveness of the Chinese mode of business operations in countering the
 adverse effects of the financial tsunami.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-21 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D0714912J2366144 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 Association for Information Systems>/i> 10, no. 11: 834-59.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Enderle, G. 1997.
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   <BIBTEXT> Fung, H.; D. Kummer; and J. Shen. 2006. "China's Privatization
 Reforms: Progress and Challenges." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 2:
 5-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Harvey, B. 1999. "'Graceful Merchants': A Contemporary View of
 Chinese Business Ethics." >i>Journal of Business Ethics>/i> 20, no. 1:
 85-93.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>10</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Hulpke, J., and C. Lau. 2008. "Business Ethics in China: A Human
 Resource Management Issue?" >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41, no. 3:
 58-67.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Jian, J. 2009. "Confucianism a Vital String in China's Bow."
 >i>Asia Times>/i> (October 29). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/KJ09Ad01.html'>www.atimes.com/ati
 mes/China/KJ09Ad01.html>/a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lam, C. F. 2004. "Understanding the
 Ethical Decisions and Behaviors of Hong Kong Business Managers: An
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 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, X. 1997. "Business Ethics in China."
 >i>Journal of Business Ethics>/i> 16, no. 14: 1509-18.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Martinsons, M.
 G., and R. I. Westwood. 1997. "Management Information Systems in the
 Chinese Business Culture: An Explanatory Theory." >i>Information and
 Management 32>/i>, no. 5: 215-28.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
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 1998. "Doing Business in China-The Art of War?" >i>International Journal
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 David A.; Carolyn P. Egri; Sally Stewart; Robert H. Terpstra; and Yu
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 Generation of Chinese Managers: A Study of Generational Shifts in Work
 Values in China." >i>Journal of International Business Studies>/i> 30, no.
 2: 415-28.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>18</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Redfern, K., and J. Crawford. 2004. "An Empirical Investigation
 of the Influence of Modernisation on the Moral Judgements of Managers in
 the People's Republic of China." >i>Cross Cultural Management>/i> 11, no.
 1: 48-61.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Romar, E. J. 2002. "Virtue Is Good Business: Confucianism as a
 Practical Business Ethics." >i>Journal of Business Ethics>/i> 38, nos.
 1/2: 119-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>20</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Shaw, Robert Burce. 1997. >i>Trust in the Balance: Building
 Successful Organizations on Results, Integrity, and Concern.>/i> San
 Francisco: Jossey-Bass.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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 "Images of the Virtuous Employee in China's Transitional Economy." >i>Asia
 Pacific Journal of Management>/i> 20, no. 3: 307-13.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>22</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sung, Y. W. 2008.
 "China Bucking the Financial Tsunami." Paper presented at the 11th
 International Convention of East Asian Economic Association, Manila
 (November 15-16). Power Point slides available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.phileconsociety.org/portals/0/eaea11/eaea-p01c-sung.pdf'>
 www.phileconsociety.org/portals/0/eaea11/eaea-p01c-sung.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT> 
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 R. 1998. "Validation of Organizational Practice Statements in the
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 Network.>/i> New York: Free Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
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 Strangers: The Art and Method of Quantitative Interviewing.>/i> New York:
 Free Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>26</BIBL>	   
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 Ethical Values in China and the U. S." >i>Journal of Business Ethics>/i>
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	<BIBTEXT> Wright, P.; W. Szeto; and T. W. Cheng. 2002. "Guanxi and
 Professional Conduct in China: A Management Development Perspective."
 >i>International Journal of Human Resource Management>/i> 13, no. 1:
 156-82.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>28</BIBL>       
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 International Business Negotiator's Profile: The China Context."
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 Capitalism in a Global Era: Toward Hybrid Capitalism.>/i> New York:
 Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:5-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas W. K. Yuen 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas W. K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuen 
Author-Name: Mark Greene 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greene 
Title: Impact of the Recent Financial Crisis on Subjective Perceptions of the Economy 
Abstract:
 This article documents the impact of the recent financial crisis on
 subjective well-being in three Chinese metropolitan areas in tandem with
 public perceptions of the economy. Using e-mail and telephone calls, 1,255
 respondents were interviewed in Hong Kong, 84 in Guangdong, and 69 in
 Beijing. As an international financial center, more than 90 percent of
 Hong Kong's economy relies on the service sector. Guangdong is the world's
 industrial center with a large proportion of its economy dedicated to
 industrial and manufacturing pursuits. Beijing is the political and
 cultural capital of China. Some argue that China's economic restrictions
 have served as a firewall against the harmful effects of the global
 financial crisis. Comparing data from the three areas of focus, this
 article found that Hong Kong and Guangdong exhibit similar patterns of
 subjective perceptions about the economy in sharp contrast to those
 observed in Beijing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 45-58 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=EU502732R18523U3 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Abeysekera, I. 2008.
 "Intellectual Capital Disclosure Trends: Singapore and Sri Lanka."
 >i>Journal of Intellectual Capital>/i> 9, no. 4: 723-37.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Basu, P. K. 2007.
 "Critical Evaluation of Growth Strategies: India and China."
 >i>International Journal of Social Economics>/i> 34, no. 9:
 664-77.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific. 2008a. "China's Li Changchun
 Inspects Financial Crisis' Impact on Guangdong Firms" (October
 21).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific. 2008b. "Agency Says Flexible Macro
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 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Berg, A., and C.
 Pattillo. 1999. "Are Currency Crises Predictable? A Test." >i>IMF Staff
 Papers>/i> 46, no. 2: 107-38.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chao, I., and L. Chao. 2009. "Leading the
 News: New Year Brings Job Uncertainty for Many-Chinese Migrants Return
 Home to Find Fraying Safety Net." >i>Wall Street Journal Asia>/i> (January
 23): 3.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chen Y.; S. Q. Lin; Y. Wei; H. L. Gao; and Z. L. Wu. 2007.
 "Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling
 Menopausal Women in China." >i>Gynecological Endocrinology>/i> 23, no. 3:
 166-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chin G., and E. Helleiner. 2008. "China as a Creditor: A Rising
 Financial Power?" >i>Journal of International Affairs>/i> 62, no. 1:
 87-102.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>9</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Cohen, D. 2008. "China Gloats as Meltdown Continues on Wall
 Street." >i>Evening Standard>/i> (September 18): 31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>10</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> EIU ViewsWire. 2009.
 "China Politics: OutlookâAddressing the Economic Crisis a Priority"
 (February).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Fan, H. 2008. "Cold Winter." >i>World Today>/i> 64, no. 11
 (November): 6-7.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Harney, A. 2009. "The Chinese Migrant's Mindset." >i>Wall
 Street Journal Asia>/i> (March 12): 15.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Liao, P.S; Y. C. Fu; and C. C. Yi.
 2005. "Perceived Quality of Life in Taiwan and Hong Kong: An Intra-Culture
 Comparison." >i>Journal of Happiness Studies>/i> 6, no. 1:
 43-67.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>14</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Lu, W. 2006. "Analytical Method Research on China's Transitional
 Economic Practice." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 1: 103-18.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Lu, Z.; Q.
 Huang; T. Lu; and W. Zhou. 2007. "The Process and Problems of
 Industrialization and Urbanization in China: The Status of the Tenth
 Five-Year Plan and Recommendations for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan."
 >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 1: 6-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> McNeal, J. U., and C. H. Yeh. 1997.
 "Development of Consumer Behavior Patterns Among Chinese Children."
 >i>Journal of Consumer Marketing>/i> 14, no. 1: 45-59.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>17</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Monitor's View.
 2006. "Soft-Landing China's Economic Dragon." >i>Christian Science
 Monitor>/i> (June 20): 8.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ng, S. 2008. "China Armco Metals Strong
 Speculative Buy in Initiating Coverage by Dutton Associates."
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 Trend of China's Processing Trade Development in Recent Years." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 40, no. 4: 70-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
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 41, no. 4: 54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:45-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shu-kam Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Shu-kam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Kai-yin Woo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kai-yin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woo 
Author-Name: Raymond W. M. Yeung 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond W. M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeung 
Title: Impact of the Financial Tsunami on the Convergence of the Consumer Price Index in China 
Abstract:
 This article adopts a time-varying parameter model to investigate whether
 the economic downturn has affected convergence of the consumer price
 index. The dynamic patterns of the intranational purchasing-power parity
 coefficients in mainland China before and after the financial tsunami are
 found to differ, indicating that the convergence has indeed been adversely
 affected by the downturn.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 71-83 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F76T5204G1380328 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ahlstrom, D., and G. D.
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 Paper Series.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>21</BIBL>	   
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 An Organizational Life Cycle Framework." >i>International Journal of
 Entrepreneurship>/i> 12: 107-24.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, S. T., and F. Zhai. 2002. "China's
 WTO Accession and Implications for Its Regional Economies." >i>Economie
 Internationale>/i> 92: 67-102.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>23</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> McKinnon, R. I. 1963. "Optimal Currency
 Areas." >i>American Economic Review>/i> 53, no. 4: 717-25.</BIBTEXT>	  
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 1961. "A Theory of Optimal Currency Areas." >i>American Economic
 Review>/i> 51: 657-65.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 Measure and Determinants of Chinese Domestic Market Disintegration."
 >i>Review of International Economics>/i> 13, no. 3: 409-30.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Rodrik, D. 2000.
 "How Far Will International Economic Integration Go?" >i>Journal of
 Economic Perspectives>/i> 14, no. 1: 177-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>27</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Woo, K. Y., and S. K. Lee.
 2009. "Detecting Intra-National PPP Model in China: A Median-Unbiased
 Estimation Approach." >i>Economic Modelling>/i> 26, no. 5:
 1029-32.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Wright, P. C.; W. F. Szeto; and S. K. Lee. 2003. "Ethical
 Perceptions in China: The Reality of Business Ethics in an International
 Context." >i>Management Decision>/i> 41, no. 2: 180-89.</BIBTEXT>     
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 "Have the Chinese Provinces Become Integrated Under Reform?" >i>China
 Economic Review>/i> 13: 116-33.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
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 Foreign Ventures in China's Transitional Economy: The Political Economy of
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 href='http://www.hiebs.hku.hk/events_updates/pdf/yinxiaopeng.pdf'>www.hieb
 s.hku.hk/events_updates/pdf/yinxiaopeng.pdf>/a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:71-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lubanski Lam 
Author-X-Name-First: Lubanski 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam 
Title: Changes in Real Estate Investment in China After the Financial Tsunami 
Abstract:
 This article examines the measures taken by the Chinese government in the
 real estate sector from 2005 to the first quarter of 2009 in order to get
 a better understanding of related policy developments. A multivariate
 regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of such
 measures, especially credit control, on growing real estate development
 investments after the financial tsunami. The results indicate that
 adjusting the money supply in order to influence interest rates could be
 more effective than long-term measures such as land supply or
 administrative policies. Importantly, the study concludes that interest
 rates are market measures that allow the economy to adjust more freely
 without building up bubbles again, as opposed to mandatory and
 interventionist government policies.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 59-70 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X3770QU907Q63L11 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Fung, H. G.; A. G.
 Huang; Q. W. Liu; and M. X. Shen. 2006. "The Development of the Real
 Estate Industry in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 1:
 84-102.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Gujarati, D. N., and D. Porter. 2009. >i>Basic Econometrics>/i>,
 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hui, E. C-M. 2004. "An Empirical Study of
 the Effects of Land Supply and Lease Conditions on the Housing Market: A
 Case of Hong Kong." >i>Journal of Property Management>/i> 22, no. 2:
 127-54.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kim, K-H, and H. S. Lee. 2000. "Real Estate Price Bubbles and
 Price Forecasts in Korea." Proceedings of 5th AsRES Conference.
 Beijing.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Kim, K-H, and S. H. Suh. 1993. "Speculation and Price Bubbles in
 the Korean and Japanese Real Estate Markets." >i>Journal of Real Estate
 Finance and Economics>/i> 6, no. 1: 73-87.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Peng, R., and W. C. Wheaton.
 1994. "Effects of Restrictive Land Supply on Housing in Hong Kong: An
 Econometric Analysis." >i>Journal of Housing Research>/i> 5, no. 2:
 263-91.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>7</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Shen, Y.; E. Hui; and H. Liu. 2005. "Housing Price Bubbles in
 Beijing and Shanghai." >i>Management Decision>/i> 43, no. 4:
 611-27.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>8</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wu, C. 2008. "Government Support Continues But Outlook Remains
 Uncertain." >i>Hong Kong/China Flash Looks, DBS Vickers Securities>/i>
 (December 18): 1-2.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Ye, J.; D. Wu; and J. Wu. 2006. "A Study on the Chinese
 Housing Policy During Social Transition Practice and Development."
 >i>Housing Finance International>/i> 20, no. 3: 50-58.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, H. 2008.
 "Effects of Urban Land Supply Policy on Real Estate in China: An
 Econometric Analysis." >i>Journal of Real Estate Literature>/i> 16, no. 1:
 55-67.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:59-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Che-cheong Poon 
Author-X-Name-First: Che-cheong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poon 
Author-Name: Fuk-kin Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Fuk-kin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Title: China's Monetary Policy and Its Transmission Mechanisms Before and After the Financial Tsunami 
Abstract:
 Since 2000 the Chinese economy has consistently maintained its rapid
 growth momentum. It has recently also experienced a high degree of
 volatility that is mainly due to overheating and shock absorbed from the
 2008 global financial tsunami. In light of the economic instability
 derived from the financial tsunami, this article examines empirical
 evidence regarding the effectiveness of China's monetary policy to dampen
 the swing of economic cycles. Using the vector autoregression (VAR) model,
 it concludes that a traditional Keynesian interest-rate channel was
 China's major monetary transmission mechanism before the financial
 tsunami, but afterward it changed to an asset-price channel.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-108 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 5 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Y3215V61W6438277 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Britton, E., and J.
 Whitley. 1997. "Comparing the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in France,
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 England Quarterly Bulletin>/i> 37, no. 2 (May).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Chen, Ch.-Hs. 2002. "Interest
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 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Dai, G. 2003. "Official's Elucidation on
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 of Economics and Statistics>/i> 52, no. 2: 169-210.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
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 Juselius. 1992. "Testing Structural Hypotheses in a Multivariate
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      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kaufmann, S., and P. Kugler. 2008.
 "Does Money Matter for Inflation in the Euro Area?" >i>Contemporary
 Economic Policy>/i> 26, no. 4 (October).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF> 
       <BIBL>15</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Laurens, B. J. 2005. "Monetary
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 Zha. 1996. "What Does Monetary Policy Do?" >i>Brookings Papers on Economic
 Activity 2.>/i></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Mishkin, F. S. 2001. "The Transmission Mechanism and the
 Role of Asset Prices in Monetary Policy." NBER Working Paper No. 8617
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 <BIBTEXT> People's Bank of China (PBC). 2005. >i>Report on Steady Progress
 in Market-Based Interest Rate Reform.>/i> Monetary Policy Analysis Group
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 <BIBTEXT> Ramaswamy, R., and T. Slok. 1998. "The Real Effects of Monetary
 Policy in European Union: What Are the Differences?" >i>International
 Monetary Fund Staff Papers>/i> 45, no. 2 (June): 374-97.</BIBTEXT>	
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 2004. "The Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy: Evidence from the
 Caribbean." >i>Journal of Economic Studies>/i> 31, nos. 5-6.</BIBTEXT>    
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 >i>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity>/i> 1: 149-98.</BIBTEXT>     
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 and L. P. Hansen. 1984. "Two Difficulties in Interpreting Vector
 Autoregression." Reserve Department Working Paper No. 227, Federal Reserve
 Bank of Minneapolis.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
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 "A Vector-Autoregression Analysis of State-Government Expenditure."
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 Forecasting Models Usable for Policy Analysis?" >i>Federal Reserve Bank of
 Minneapolis Quarterly Review:>/i> 3-16.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
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 Consumption Respond to Shock in the Stock Market and Monetary Policy?"
 >i>Proceedings of the Academy for Economics and Economic Education>/i> 7,
 no. 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>32</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Stokey, N. L.; R. E. Lucas; and E. C. Prescott. 1993.
 >i>Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics.>/i> Cambridge, MA: Harvard
 University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>33</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Wang, Zhen-shan and Zhi-qiang Wang. 2000. "An Empirical
 Investigation of the Channels of Monetary Transmission." Research on
 Financial and Economic Issues, 2000-12.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>34</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yi Gang. 2008. "The Monetary Policy
 Transmission Mechanisms in China." BIS Papers chapters. In >i>Transmission
 Mechanisms for Monetary Policy in Emerging Market Economies>/i>, vol. 35,
 ed. Bank for International Settlements, 179-81.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>35</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Yue, Y., and Sh. Zhou. 2007.
 "Empirical Analysis of the Monetary Policy Transmission Through Interest
 Rate Channel in China." >i>Chinese Business Review>/i> 6, no. 3 [serial
 no. 45] (March).</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>  
      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, G., and H.-G. Fung. 2006. "On the Imbalance Between
 the Real Estate Market and the Stock Markets in China." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 39, no. 2: 26-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>37</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Y., and G. Sun. 2006. "China's
 Consumer Credit Sector Expansion and Monetary Transmission Mechanism: What
 Should China's Central Bank Do?" >i>Journal of Chinese Political
 Science>/i> 11, no. 1 (Spring).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, Ch., and J. Du. 2007. "Causality
 Between FDI and Economic Growth in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no.
 6: 68-82.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:3:p:84-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kui-Wai Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kui-Wai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: Rising China in International Trade and the Progress of Economic Integration 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1675P884T32JK5N0 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Dong, Yan; K.-W. Li;
 and D. Zhang. 2011. "Comparing the Determinants of Outward Investment from
 China and the United States." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 44, no. 2:
 58-77.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Li, J.-W. 2009. "China's Total Factor Productivity Estimates by
 Region, Investment Sources and Ownership." >i>Economic Systems>/i> 33:
 213-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>3</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Li, K.-W., and S. Bender. 2007. "Productivity and Manufacture
 Export Causality Among World Regions: 1989-1999." >i>International Trade
 Journal>/i> 21, no. 2:121-59.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, K.-W.; L. Yun; and G.C.S. Liu. 2009.
 "Economic Performance of Human Capital in Post-Reform China." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 42, no. 1: 40-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Letizia Montinari 
Author-X-Name-First: Letizia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Montinari 
Author-Name: Giorgio Prodi 
Author-X-Name-First: Giorgio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prodi 
Title: China's Impact on Intra-African Trade 
Abstract:
 The role of China as a trading partner of sub-Saharan Africa is assessed
 using data on bilateral trade from the International Monetary Fund
 (1999-2007) and a gravity model. Trade with China is found to affect the
 intra-African market in different ways at different levels of China-Africa
 exports. Interaction variables are used to disentangle two opposite
 patterns: sub-Saharan Africa's exports to China have a negative effect on
 intra-African trade at higher levels of the trade between China and
 sub-Saharan Africa and a positive effect at lower levels. Oil-exporting
 countries, China's biggest African trading partners, tend to isolate
 themselves from the internal African market as their exports to China
 increase. Conversely, a rise in exports to China from non-oil-exporting
 countries increases intra-African trade, probably due to a wealth effect.
 Intra-African market performance is briefly analyzed as a robustness check
 on the data. The results are interesting, especially those concerning the
 differences in trade determinants between oil-exporting and
 non-oil-exporting sub-Saharan countries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-91 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7N60KR7037283565 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:75-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kun-Ming Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kun-Ming 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Hsiu-Hua Rau 
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiu-Hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rau 
Author-Name: Ru-Lin Chiu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ru-Lin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiu 
Title: Determinants of China's Exports to the United States and Japan 
Abstract:
 Quarterly panel data on seventy-one industries from 1999 to 2007 are used
 to estimate China's exports with a view to exploring the driving forces
 behind China's remarkable export growth, particularly to the United States
 and Japan. The results indicate that there are some similarities and
 differences between the determinants of China's exports to these two
 countries. For example, an appreciation in the real exchange rate of the
 renminbi tends to have a significant negative impact on China's exports to
 both countries. However, the impact is much greater on Sino-U.S. trade
 than on Sino-Japanese trade due to China's higher dependence on Japan's
 intermediate goods. Empirical evidence also reveals that differences in
 income elasticities and economic growth rates might account for the more
 rapid increase in China's exports to the United States than to Japan.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 19-41 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AK08702T66J2T750 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Armington, P.S. 1969.
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 towards the Trade Balance in China: 1981-1995." >i>Economic Studies>/i> 7:
 55-62 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Finger, Joseph M., and M.E. Kreinin. 1979. "A Measure of
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 89: 905-12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Garcia-Herrero, A., and T. Koivu. 2009. "China's Exchange Rate
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      <BIBL>7</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Hale, G., and C. Long. 2006. "Firm
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 <BIBTEXT> Im, K.S.; M.H. Pesaran; and Y. Shin. 2003. "Testing for Unit
 Roots in Heterogeneous Panels." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 115, no. 1:
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 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Iwatsubo, K.,
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   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Kao, C. 1999. "Spurious Regression and
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 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kao, C., and M.H. Chiang. 2000. "On the
 Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data."
 >i>Advances in Econometrics>/i> 15: 179-222.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Kitamura, Y., and P.C.B.
 Phillips. 1997. "Fully Modified IV, GIVE and GMM Estimation with Possibly
 Non-Stationary Regressors and Instruments." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i>
 80: 85-123.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   
 <BIBTEXT> Kuan, C. 1991. "The Impact of the Movements of the Exchange Rate
 of Renminbi on External Trade." In >i>A Study on China's External Economy
 and International Payment>/i>, ed. Y. Li and W. Chin, 117-49. Beijing:
 International Culture Publishing (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  
 <REF>	      <BIBL>15</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Levin, A.; C.F. Lin; and
 C.S. Chu. 2002. "Unit-root Test in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite
 Sample Properties." >i>Journal of Econometrics>/i> 108: 1-24.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>16</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y.
 2008. "Why Are China's Exports Special? The Role of FDI, Regional Trade,
 and Government Policies." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41, no. 6:
 99-118.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, Z. 2002. "Foreign Direct Investment and Technology
 Spillover: Evidence from China." >i>Journal of Comparative Economics>/i>
 30, no. 3: 579-602.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, S., and K. Dei. 2005. "The Impact of
 the Movements of the Real Exchange Rate of Renminbi on China's Exports and
 Imports: 1994-2003." >i>Economic Studies>/i> 5: 31-39 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Pedroni, P. 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in
 Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors." >i>Oxford Bulletin of
 Economic and Statistics>/i> 61: 653-70.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>20</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Pedroni, P. 2004. "Panel
 Cointegration, Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time
 Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis." >i>Econometric
 Theory>/i> 20, no. 3: 597-625.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Phillips, P.C.B., and B.E. Hansen. 1990.
 "Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1)
 Processes." >i>Review of Economic Studies>/i> 57: 99-125.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>22</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Phillips,
 P.C.B., and P. Perron. 1988. "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series
 Regression." >i>Biometrika>/i> 75: 335-46.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>23</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Rahman, M., and W.
 Thorbecke. 2007. "How would China's Exports be Affected by a Unilateral
 Appreciation of the RMB and a Joint Appreciation of Countries Supplying
 Intermediate Imports?" Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry
 (RIETI) Discussion Paper No. 07-E-012, Tokyo.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Said, S.E., and D.A. Dickey.
 1984. "Testing for Unit Roots in Autoregressive-Moving Average Models of
 Unknown Order." >i>Biometrika>/i> 71, no. 3: 599-607.</BIBTEXT>     
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 and G. Smith. 2010. "How Would an Appreciation of the RMB and Other East
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 Economics>/i> 18, no. 1: 95-108.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xing, Y. 2007. "Foreign Direct Investment
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 >i>Journal of Asian Economics>/i> 18, no. 4: 685-700.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H.
 2007. "International Production Networks and Export Performance in
 Developing Countries: Evidence from China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no.
 6: 83-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:19-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kui-Wai Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Kui-Wai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Author-Name: Tung Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Tung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Hoi Kuan Lam 
Author-X-Name-First: Hoi Kuan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam 
Author-Name: Liang Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Liang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Economic Integration of Mainland China and the Hong Kong SAR 
Abstract:
 Since 1997, when the political sovereignty of Hong Kong reverted to China,
 the integration of the two economies has steadily increased. This article
 examines the economic and institutional differences between mainland China
 and Hong Kong, and considers the spillover benefits for the provinces
 adjacent to Hong Kong. The economic and productivity growth of mainland
 China and Hong Kong are decomposed into four attributes: input growth,
 adjusted scale effect, technical progress, and efficiency growth. A
 stochastic frontier model is used to estimate the growth attributes, and a
 human capital variable is incorporated in the production function. The
 empirical study compares the growth, productivity, and efficiency
 performance of mainland China and Hong Kong.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 92-114 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B753754G1726N551 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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 "Rural-Urban and Regional Inequality in Output, Income and Consumption
 Under Economic Reform." >i>Journal of Economic Studies>/i> 32, no. 1:
 4-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>49</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, X., and K.H. Zhang. 2003. "How Does Globalization Affect
 Regional Inequality Within a Developing Country? Evidence from China."
 >i>Journal of Development Studies>/i> 39, no. 4: 47-67.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:92-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donald J. S. Brean 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald J. S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brean 
Title: Middle Kingdom 
Abstract:
 China's newfound place of power and influence on the world stage means
 that it is now a formidable economic force and an emerging global
 political influence. China has assumed a leading position in dealing with
 the challenge of climate change. These three concernsâeconomics,
 politics, and the future of the physical world as we know itâare
 addressed from the perspective of the Western view of China's role. Each
 of the three dimensions incorporates the idea of "balance" in the Taoist
 sense of the word, encompassing thoughtful adjustment and harmony. At the
 moment, there are identifiable straining imbalances in the world as a
 whole, and China in particular, in economics, politics, and the pursuit of
 a healthier planet. Some promising directions to restore order are
 suggested.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-18 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H6L42302T24L06R2 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, S.; O.B.
 Bodvarsson; J.W. Hou; and Y. Zhao. 2009. "Migration in China from
 1985-2000." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 4: 7-28.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, J. 2007. "The rise of
 the Renminbi in Asia: Cost-benefit Analysis and Road Map." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 40, no. 4: 29-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, Y., and J. Yin. 2007. "High savings
 and high investment during the labor transfer process and economic growth
 in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 1: 61-91.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2008. "Why are
 China's exports special? The role of FDI, regional trade and government
 policies." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41, no. 6: 99-118.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liu, T. 2008. "Impact of
 regional trade agreement on Chinese foreign direct investment." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 41, no. 5: 68-102.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lu, H., and Sh. Song. 2006. "Rural
 migrants' perceptions of public safety protections in urban China: the
 case of Tianjin." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 3: 26-41.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, M., and Zh.
 Chen. 2006. "Urbanization, urban-based policies, and urban-rural
 inequality in China, 1987-2001." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 3:
 42-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Lu, Zh.; Q. Huang; T. Lu; and W. Zhou. 2007. "The process and
 problems of industrialization and urbanization in China: the status of the
 Tenth Five-Year Plan and recommendations for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan."
 >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 1: 6-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>9</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Stern, Nicholas. 2006. >i>Review on
 the Economics of Climate Change>/i>. London School of Economics,
 October.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Y. 2007. "On the relationship between overseas direct
 investment and trade." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 40, no. 4: 55-69.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K.H.
 2009. "Capital markets, industrial development, and the role of China in
 the world economy." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 6: 3-6.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:7-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bianka Dettmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Bianka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dettmer 
Author-Name: Fredrik Erixon 
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erixon 
Author-Name: Andreas Freytag 
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freytag 
Author-Name: Pierre-Olivier Legault Tremblay 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Olivier Legault 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tremblay 
Title: Dynamics of Structural Change 
Abstract:
 Sino-European trade relations have affected Europe's bilateral comparative
 advantages over time. The change in bilateral trade is compared to the
 overall development of European trade to highlight the features of China's
 structural change. China is shown to be increasingly specializing in
 technology-intensive goods. The changes in the European Union's trade with
 China are stronger than the changes in its overall trade pattern. Based on
 technologically intensive production, focus is placed on China's
 integration into the worldwide value-added chain since intra-industry
 trade has become more prevalent in bilateral trade relations with China.
 Consideration of research-intensive Schumpeter goods finds that trade
 expansion between 1999 and 2008 was, to a great extent, of the
 intra-industry type. This has important implications for labor market
 adjustment costs in different industries.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-74 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=J62747GR47570558 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:4:p:42-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C. K. Burdekin 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C. K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin 
Author-Name: Ran Tao 
Author-X-Name-First: Ran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao 
Title: An ABC Guide to Provincial Lending Patterns in China 
Abstract:
 Given its nonperforming loan ratio of over 20 percent in 2007 and its
 concentration on poorer areas, the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) seemed
 an unlikely candidate for a successful initial public offering. The major
 capital injection the bank received in November 2008 was preceded by signs
 of a reduced proclivity to lend to loss-making state-owned enterprises
 over the 1998-2007 sample period, however. Despite some evidence of
 redistributive lending practices, ABC's prospects may not be any worse
 than those of the other big state-owned banks that undertook IPOs from
 2005 to 2006.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 34-54 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=05U047077674H663 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Agricultural Bank of
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:34-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Congsheng Wu 
Author-X-Name-First: Congsheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu 
Title: Economic Freedom, Economic Growth, and China 
Abstract:
 Cross-country data and the Index of Economic Freedom show that
 improvements in economic freedom are associated positively with real gross
 domestic product (GDP) growth, a finding at odds with the situation in
 China. The Chinese economy grew about 10 percent per year during the
 sample period, but its rapid economic growth was accompanied by a
 relatively undeveloped legal and financial system, lack of economic
 freedom, and a high level of corruption. China's rating for economic
 freedom is regularly below the world average and has not improved over
 time. Ranked only 124th in the 2008 Index of Economic Freedom, China seems
 to be an exception to the rule in the realms of law, institutions,
 economic freedom, and economic growth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 104-119 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=281P3T2719321083 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Alesina, A. 1998. "The
 Political Economy of High and Low Growth." >i>Annual World Bank Conference
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 1994. "Democracy and Growth." Working Paper no. 4909. Cambridge, MA:
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 Effective? The Theoretical Basis of Excessive Competition." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 41, no. 4: 74-104.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> De Haan, J., and J.E. Sturm. 2000. "On the
 Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth." >i>European
 Journal of Political Economy>/i> 16: 215-41.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> De Haan, J.; S. Lundstrom;
 and J.-E. Sturm. 2006. "Market-Oriented Institutions and Policies and
 Economic Growth: A Critical Survey." >i>Journal of Economic Surveys>/i>
 20, no. 2: 157-81.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>6</BIBL> 
       <BIBTEXT> Doucouliagos, C., and M.A. Ulubasoglu. 2006. "Economic
 Freedom and Economic Growth: Does Specification Make a Difference?"
 >i>European Journal of Political Economy>/i> 22: 60-81.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Gwartney, J.; R.
 Lawson; and R. Holcombe. 1999. "Economic Freedom and the Environment for
 Economic Growth." >i>Journal of Theoretical and Institutional
 Economics>/i> 155: 643-63.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Guiso, L.; P. Sapienza; and L. Zingales.
 2004. "Does Local Financial Development Matter?" >i>Quarterly Journal of
 Economics>/i> 119, no. 3: 929-69.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de Silanes; A.
 Shleifer; and R.W. Vishny. 1997. "Legal Determinants of External Finance."
 >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 52, no. 3: 1131-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de
 Silanes; A. Shleifer; and R.W. Vishny. 1998. "Law and Finance." >i>Journal
 of Political Economy>/i> 106, no. 6: 1113-55.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lawson, R. 2006, "On Testing
 the Connection Between Economic Freedom and Growth." >i>Econ Journal
 Watch>/i> 3, no. 3: 398-406.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levine, R. 1997. "Financial Development
 and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda." >i>Journal of Economic
 Literature>/i> 35: 688-726.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levine, R., and D. Renelt. 1992. "A
 Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions." >i>American
 Economic Review>/i> 82: 942-63.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> North, D., and R.P. Thomas. 1973. >i>The
 Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History.>/i> Cambridge:
 Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Sachs, J. 2003. "Institutions Don't Rule:
 Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income," NBER Working Paper no.
 9490.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Shleifer, A.; E.L. Glaeser; R. La Porta; F. Lopez de Silanes;
 and S. Djankov. 2003. "The New Comparative Economics." >i>Journal of
 Comparative Economics>/i> 31: 595-619.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:104-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Financial Markets and Sustainable Growth 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7122115584112110 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haifeng Guo 
Author-X-Name-First: Haifeng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo 
Author-Name: Robert Brooks 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks 
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Underpricing of Chinese Initial Public Offerings 
Abstract:
 This article discusses the initial public offerings (IPO) market in China
 and reviews the literature on IPO underpricing. A variety of reasons for
 underpricing are examined, including information asymmetry, ex ante
 uncertainty, signaling hypothesis, ownership dispersion, and market
 feedback. Other features of the Chinese market, such as inequality of
 supply and demand, allocation mechanisms, ownership structure, and market
 sentiment, are also considered in explaining the high level of
 underpricing in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 72-85 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=970Q5565751745W7 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cai, B.; C. Cai; and K.
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 Valuation of Unseasoned New Issues: A Comment." >i>Journal of Finance>/i>
 39: 1231-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>25</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> Ritter, J. 1998. "Initial Public Offerings." >i>Contemporary
 Finance Digest>/i> 2: 5-30.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>26</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ritter, J., and I. Welch. 2002. "A Review
 of IPO Activity, Pricing and Allocations." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 4:
 1795-828.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Sherman, A., and S. Titman. 2002. "Building the IPO Order Book:
 Underpricing and Participation Limits with Costly Information." >i>Journal
 of Financial Economics>/i> 65: 3-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>28</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Tian, L., and S. Estrin. 2008.
 "Retained State Shareholding in Chinese PLCs: Does Government Ownership
 Always Reduce Corporate Value?" >i>Journal of Comparative Economics>/i>
 36: 74-89.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, C. 2005. "Ownership and Operating Performance of Chinese
 IPOs." >i>Journal of Banking & Finance>/i> 29: 1835-56.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Y., and X.
 Zhang. 2007. "Strategic IPO Underpricing: The Role of Chinese State
 Ownership." >i>International Finance Review>/i> 7: 475-95.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>31</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Yong, O. 2007.
 "A Review of IPO Research in Asia: What's Next?" >i>Pacific-Basin Finance
 Journal>/i> 15: 253-75.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yu, T., and Y. Tse. 2006. "An Empirical
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 Economic Review>/i> 17: 363-82.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:72-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong-guo Zhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-guo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou 
Author-Name: Janet Zhou 
Author-X-Name-First: Janet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou 
Title: Chinese IPO Market Cycles 
Abstract:
 A sample of 1,376 Chinese A-share initial public offerings (IPOs) from
 1992 to 2005 is used to examine the relationship between monthly IPO
 volume and average initial returns. The two series are highly auto- and
 cross-correlated, with average initial returns leading IPO volume.
 However, the unit root test and Granger causality test reject the
 hypotheses that unit roots exist for both series and that there is a
 direct causal relation between them. Further analysis reveals that monthly
 IPO volume follows an AR(1) process, while average initial returns follow
 an ARMA(1, 1) process. A VAR model with ARMA specification in residuals
 finds that the lagged average initial returns have a positive impact on
 IPO volume, implying that more firms file for IPOs after high average
 initial returns in the Chinese IPO market. The lead-time is around six to
 nine months.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-71 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=GGU4057V635RN371 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Alti, A. 2005. "IPO
 Market Timing." >i>Review of Financial Studies>/i> 18: 1105-38.</BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>2</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Benninga, S.;
 M. Helmantel; and O. Sarig. 2005. "The Timing of Initial Public
 Offerings." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 75: 115-32.</BIBTEXT>   
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 Jenkins. 1976. >i>Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control>/i> (rev.
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 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chi, J., and C. Padgett. 2006. "Operating
 Performance and Its Relationship to Market Performance of Chinese Initial
 Public Offerings." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39: 28-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
      <REF>	   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chiou, J.-R.; M.-Y.L.
 Li; L. Cheng; and Sh.-Y. Chang. 2010. "Pricing and Allocation Mechanisms
 in Under-pricing of Chinese IPOs." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 43:
 93-108.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Dickey, D., and W. Fuller. 1979. "Distribution of the Estimators
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 American Statistical Association>/i> 74: 427-31.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
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 1974. "Spurious Regressions in Econometrics." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 2: 111-20.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Huang, F.; J. Su; and T. Chong. 2008.
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 Chinese Stock Market." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41: 24-33.</BIBTEXT>	
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  <BIBTEXT> Ibbotson, R.; J. Sindelar; and J. Ritter. 1988. "Initial Public
 Offerings." >i>Journal of Applied Corporate Finance>/i> 1:
 37-45.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>12</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Ibbotson, R.; J. Sindelar; and J. Ritter. 1994. "The Market's
 Problems with the Pricing of Initial Public Offerings." >i>Journal of
 Applied Corporate Finance>/i> 7: 66-74.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Lowry, M. 2003. "Why Does IPO Volume
 Fluctuate So Much?" >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 67:
 3-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Lowry, M., and W. Schwert. 2002. "IPO Market Cycles: Bubbles or
 Sequential Learning?" >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 57: 1171-200.</BIBTEXT>   
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 and C. Plosser. 1982. "Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time
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 Economics>/i> 10: 139-69.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Pastor, L., and P. Veronesi. 2005.
 "Rational IPO Waves." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 60: 1713-57.</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>17</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Phillips, P.
 1986. "Understanding Spurious Regression in Econometrics." >i>Journal of
 Econometrics>/i> 33: 311-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ritter, J.R., and I. Welch. 2002. "A
 Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocation." >i>Journal of
 Finance>/i> 57: 1795-828.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yung, C.; G. Colak; and W. Wang. 2008.
 "Cycles in the IPO Market." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 89:
 192-208.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>20</BIBL>	
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 483-503.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:55-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew H. Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Jennifer Warren 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warren 
Title: Sustainable Growth for China 
Abstract:
 The world's economic system and ecosystem have everything to gain by
 teasing apart the issues related to infrastructure and climate change in
 China. If China is to sustain its economic growth and improve its living
 standards over the next several decades, huge sums of capital will be
 needed to finance green infrastructure in energy and water. While
 cooperative approaches between government and the private sector are
 necessary, global capital markets can vet infrastructure projects and
 technologies to finance green infrastructure. The BOT and PPP approaches
 to financing infrastructure projects in China, based on "contract
 finance," have serious shortcomings. A more modern approach, based on
 "market finance," can raise the capital required for green infrastructure
 projects without creating undesirable consequences.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-103 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H65V71792747408V 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Akerlof, G. 1970. "The
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 (June).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Andrew. 2009. "Rethinking Infrastructure Project Finance."
 Working paper (November).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
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 Environmental Protection: Problems and Progress.>/i> Singapore: World
 Scientific Publishing.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
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 <BIBTEXT> Deutsche Bank Group (DB Advisors). 2008. "Investing in Climate
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 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fu, T., and L. Zhong. 2005. "BOT Applied
 in Chinese Wastewater Sector." Working paper. Asian Development
 Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> International Energy Agency. 2007. World Energy Outlook 2007:
 China and India Insights.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
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     <BIBTEXT> Ke, Yonjian; S.Q. Wang; and A.P.C. Chan. 2009.
 "Public-Private Partnerships in China's Infrastructure Development:
 Lessons Learned." In >i>Proceedings of International Conference on
 Changing Roles: New Roles and New Challenges>/i>, 177-188. The
 Netherlands: TU Delft.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levine, M., and N. Aden. 2008. "Global
 Carbon Emissions in the Coming Decades: The Case of China." (May).
 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
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 2010. "Climate Change and the Integrity of Science." >i>Science>/i>
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 <BIBTEXT> Price, Robert. 2008a. "Sino-American Energy and Environment
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 <BIBTEXT> Sadoff, C., and M. Mueller. 2009. "Water Management, Water
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 (August). Global Water Partnership: TEC Background Papers.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>18</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> 2030 Water
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     <REF>	  <BIBL>19</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2007.
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 Framework Convention on Climate Change.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>20</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> United Nations. 2009. "Water in a
 Changing World." World Water Development Report 3.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>21</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> "U.S.-China Joint Fact
 Sheet: Ten-Year Energy and Environment Cooperation." 2009. U.S. Department
 of Treasury Press Room (December).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>22</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Varis, O. 2009. "Congress Report: 2nd
 China Water Congress, 2008, Beijing, China, 14-16 May 2008."
 >i>International Journal of Water Resources Development>/i> (March):
 175-77.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>23</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Wang, Jinxia; Jikun Huang; Scott Rozelle; Qiuqiong Huang; and
 Lijuan Zhang. 2009. "Understanding the Water Crisis in Northern China:
 What the Government and Farmers Are Doing." >i>Water Resources
 Development>/i> 25, no. 1 (March): 141-58.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>     
 <REF>	      <BIBL>24</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Wang, Shou Qing; Robert L.K.
 Tiong; S.K. Ting; D. Ashley. 2000. "Evaluation and Management of Political
 Risks in China's BOT Projects." >i>Journal of Construction Engineering and
 Management>/i> (May/June).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Warren, Jennifer. 2008. "China's Green
 Future." >i>Far Eastern Economic Review>/i> (December).</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>26</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Water and
 Climate Coalition. 2010. "Water and Climate Change Towards COP-16."
 Statement to the UNFCCC negotiations, Bonn, June.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>   
   <REF>	<BIBL>27</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Linxiu; Renfuo Luo;
 Chengfang Liu; and Scott Rozelle. 2006. "Investing in Rural China."
 >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 39, no. 4 (July/August): 57-84.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zmarak, Sh.
 2006. "Addressing China's Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social
 and Environmental Consequences." Working Paper no. 3895 (April). World
 Bank Policy Research.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:86-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew H. Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew H. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Sumon C. Mazumdar 
Author-X-Name-First: Sumon C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazumdar 
Author-Name: Rahul Surana 
Author-X-Name-First: Rahul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Surana 
Title: China's Corporate Bond Market Development 
Abstract:
 A review of recent developments in the Chinese bond market shows that
 China's private debt market, an important source of financing to foster
 economic growth, remains relatively small despite recent reforms.
 Investors at an information disadvantage demand a risk premium to lend
 money (i.e., buy bonds) and may ultimately refuse to do so (i.e., ration
 credit). Possible regulatory reforms to mitigate this information lacuna
 include suitable bankruptcy and insolvency rules, securities laws, rules
 governing credit-rating agencies, and market measures (e.g., appropriately
 regulated credit-derivative market and/or event-risk provisions in bond
 indentures).
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-33 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P36694132874J821 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bicksler, J.L., and
 A.H. Chen. 1992. "Pricing Corporate Debt with Event-Risk Provisions."
 >i>International Review of Financial Analysis>/i> 1, no. 1:
 51-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Bottelier, P. 2007. "China's Emerging Domestic Debt Markets."
 >i>China Brief>/i> 7, no. 6 (April 13).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>3</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Bottelier, P. 2008. "Is a Commercial
 Corporate Bond Market in China Finally Emerging?" >i>China Brief>/i> 8,
 no. 18 (September 22).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Caballero, R.J. 2009. "Sudden Financial
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 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>5</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Caballero, R.J.,
 and A. Simsek. 2009. "Complexity and Financial Panics." Mimeograph. MIT
 (June).</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>6</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Chinabond. 2009. >i>Annual Review of China's Bond Market.>/i>
 Bond Information Department, China Government Securities Depository Trust
 and Clearing Co. Ltd.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Diamond, D.W. 1993. "Seniority and
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 3: 341-68.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Ghatak, M., and T. Guinnane. 1999. "The Economics of Lending
 with Joint Liability: Theory and Practice." >i>Journal of Development
 Economics>/i> 60: 195-228.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>9</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Goodfriend, M. 2006. "Why a Corporate Bond
 Market: Growth and Direct Finance." Bank for International Settlements
 (BIS) Papers, no. 26 (February): 22-23.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>  
      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Greenspan, A. 1999. "Do Efficient
 Financial Markets Mitigate Financial Crises?" Remarks Before the 1999
 Financial Markets Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Sea
 Island, Georgia (October 19). Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/1999/19991019.htm'>
 www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/1999/19991019.htm>/a></BIBTEXT> 
     </REF>	 <REF>	      <BIBL>11</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Guonan M.;
 E. Remolona; and He Jianxiong. 2006. "Developing Corporate Bond Mar kets
 in Asia: A Synopsis of the Kunming Discussions." Bank for International
 Settlements (BIS) Papers, no. 26 (February): 1-10.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Haldane, A.G. 2009.
 "Rethinking the Financial Network." Speech delivered at the Financial
 Student Association, Amsterdam.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>13</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Harris, L. 2003. >i>Trading and
 Exchanges.>/i> Oxford: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>14</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> KPMG. 2007. "Rise of China's
 Capital Markets." KPMG International.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>15</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Leland, H.E., and K.B. Toft. 1996.
 "Optimal Capital Structure, Endogenous Bankruptcy, and the Term Structure
 of Credit Spreads." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 51, no. 3 (July):
 987-1019.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>16</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Lo, W., and M.C.M. Ng. 2009. "Banking Reform and Corporate
 Governance." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 5 (September/October):
 21-39.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Merton, R. 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk
 Structure of Interest Rates." >i>Journal of Finance>/i> 29:
 449-70.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Mu, H. 2006. "The Development of China's Bond Market." Bank for
 International Settlements (BIS) Papers, no. 26 (February):
 56-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>19</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Myers, S., and N. Majluf. 1984. "Corporate Financing and
 Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not
 Have." >i>Journal of Financial Economics>/i> 13, no. 2 (June):
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 <BIBTEXT> Sundaresan, S. 2006. "Developing Multiple Layers of Financial
 Intermediation: The Complementary Roles of Corporate Bond Markets and
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	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2009. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available
 at >a target="_blank"
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 orldbank.org/indicator/cn.mkt.lcap.gd.zs>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
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 MarketsâAn Introduction." Working Paper, Standard & Poor's
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 European Studies>/i> 1, no. 1: 35-38.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:5:p:6-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lih Ru Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Lih Ru 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Gene C. Lai 
Author-X-Name-First: Gene C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai 
Title: The Chinese Insurance Market and the WTO 
Abstract:
 An overview of the insurance market in China is provided, with a special
 focus on issues associated with China's accession to the WTO. Despite the
 rapid growth of China's insurance industry, its insurance market remains
 relatively underdeveloped. After China's accession to the WTO, the average
 efficiency of domestic insurers increased. Opening the market to foreign
 insurers helped to make domestic insurance companies and the national
 economy more efficient and improved social welfare.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-14 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=77X211143007040Q 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Chen, B.; M.R. Powers;
 and J. Qiu. 2009. "Life-insurance Efficiency in China: A Comparison of
 Foreign and Domestic Firms." >i>China & World Economy>/i> 17, no. 6:
 43-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>2</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> China Insurance Regulatory Commission [CIRC]. 2009. "Summary of
 the Insurance Industry in China." >i>China Insurance
 Yearbook>/i>.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   
  <BIBTEXT> China Insurance Regulatory Commission [CIRC]. 2010. "2009 Year
 End Results." Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.circ.gov.cn/web/site0/tab61'>http://www.circ.gov.cn/web/s
 ite0/tab61>/a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> D'Arcy, S.P., and H. Xia. 2003. "Insurance and China's Entry
 into the WTO." >i>Risk Management & Insurance Review>/i> 6:
 7-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Horssen, van, Rob. 2008. "Large Losses Do HappenâAlso in
 China." >i>Insurance Issues Asia>/i> (June) [Shanghai: Cologne Reinsurance
 Company plc]. Available at >a target="_blank"
 href='http://www.genre.com/sharedfile/pdf/InsuranceIssuesAsia200806-en.pdf
 '>http://www.genre.com/sharedfile/pdf/InsuranceIssuesAsia200806-en.pdf>/a>
 </BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT>
 Lai, G.C. 2002. "The Future Direction of the Chinese Insurance Industry
 After China Enters the WTO." >i>China & World Economy>/i> 4:
 50-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Leverty, J. Tyler; Y. Lin; and H. Zhou. 2009. "WTO and the
 Chinese Insurance Industry." >i>Geneva Papers on Risk & Insurance>/i> 34,
 no. 3: 440-65.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>8</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics [NBS]. 2008. >i>Chinese
 Statistical Yearbook>/i>. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Salditt, F.; P.
 Whiteford; and W. Adema. 2008. "Pension Reform in China." >i>International
 Social Security Review>/i> 61, no. 3: 47-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>10</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Shen, L. 2000. "China's
 Insurance Market: Opportunity, Competition and Market Trends." >i>Geneva
 Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice>/i> 5: 335-55.</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>11</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Skipper,
 Harold D., Jr. 1997. "Foreign Insurers in Emerging Markets: Issues and
 Concerns." >i>International Insurance Foundation Occasional Papers>/i>,
 no. 1: 16-24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>12</BIBL>	   
   <BIBTEXT> Song, S. 2009. "Pension Systems and Reforms in China and
 Russia." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 42, no. 3: 9-23.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>    
  <REF>        <BIBL>13</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sun, Q. 2003. "The Impact
 of WTO Accession on China's Insurance Industry." >i>Risk Management and
 Insurance Review>/i> 6: 27-35.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Swiss Re. 2009. "Emerging Markets: Robust
 Growth Continued in Most Markets." >i>Sigma>/i>, no. 3.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>15</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Swiss Re. 2010.
 "World Insurance in 2009." >i>Sigma>/i>, no. 2.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>16</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Whalley, J. 2003.
 "Liberalization in China's Key Service Sectors Following WTO Accession:
 Some Scenarios and Issues of Measurement." NBER Working paper no.
 W10143.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yanli, Zhou. 2009. "An Introduction to the Development and
 Regulation of Agricultural Insurance in China." >i>Geneva Papers>/i> 34:
 78-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>18</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Yao, Sh.; Zh. Han; and G. Feng. 2007. "On Technical Efficiency
 of China's Insurance Industry After WTO Accession." >i>China Economic
 Review>/i> 18: 66-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:6-14




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chwen-Chi Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Chwen-Chi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Title: Insurance Markets in China 
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7P8W733254P8456N 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minglai Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Minglai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Author-Name: Chao Kui 
Author-X-Name-First: Chao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kui 
Author-Name: Yuzheng Fang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuzheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang 
Title: Demand for Corporate Insurance in China 
Abstract:
 Corporate insurance was the dominant sector of the property insurance
 market in China before 1989. However, in recent years the growth rate of
 corporate insurance premiums has steadily slowed and the share of this
 business line in total property insurance has decreased dramatically.
 Factors having an impact on the demand for corporate insurance are
 explored, using provincial-level panel data to extend the empirical
 analyses in previous studies on this topic. The regression results show
 that the loan ratio, the corporation tax ratio, and the proportion of
 foreign-owned companies are significantly related to demand for corporate
 insurance and are consistent with the predictions of theoretical economic
 models. The effects of gross domestic product (GDP) and industrial
 structure cannot be ignored. The findings provide valuable insights for
 both insurers and regulators in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 15-29 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=867557RVL1766288 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Beenstock, M.; G.
 Dickinson; and S. Khajuria. 1988. "The Relationship Between
 Property-Liability Insurance Premiums and Income: An International
 Analysis." >i>Journal of Risk and Insurance>/i> 55, no. 2:
 259-72.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Browne, M.J.; J. Chung; and E. Frees. 2000. "International
 Property-Liability Insurance Consumption." >i>Journal of Risk and
 Insurance>/i> 67, no. 1: 73-90.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> China Insurance Regulatory Commission.
 Various years. >i>China Insurance Yearbook>/i>. Beijing: China Insurance
 Yearbook Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>    
    <BIBTEXT> Esho, N.; A. Kirievsky; D. Ward; and R. Zurbruegg. 2004. "Law
 and the Determinants of Property-Casualty Insurance." >i>Journal of Risk
 and Insurance>/i> 71, no. 2: 265-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	   
   <BIBL>5</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hoyt, R., and H. Khang. 2000. "On the
 Demand for Corporate Property Insurance." >i>Journal of Risk and
 Insurance>/i> 67, no. 1: 91-107.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Huang, J., and H. Wang. 2009. "Government
 Protection and Corporate Risk Management in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i>
 42, no. 2: 7-29.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> MacMinn, R., and J. Garven. 2000. "On Corporate Insurance."
 In >i>Handbook of Insurance>/i>, ed. George Dionne, chap. 16. Boston:
 Kluwer Academic.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>8</BIBL>   
     <BIBTEXT> Main, B. 2000. "Large Companies and Insurance Purchases:
 Some Survey Evidence." >i>Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance>/i> 25, no.
 2: 235-50.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Mayers D., and C. Smith, 1982. "On the Corporate Demand for
 Insurance." >i>Journal of Business>/i> 52, no. 2: 281-96.</BIBTEXT>	 
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Outreville, J.F.
 1990. "The Economic Significance of Insurance Markets in Developing
 Countries." >i>Journal of Risk and Insurance>/i> 57, no. 3:
 487-98.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>11</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Regan, L., and Y. Hur. 2007. "On the Corporate Demand for
 Insurance: The Case of Korean Nonfinancial Firms." >i>Journal of Risk and
 Insurance>/i> 74, no. 4: 829-50.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>12</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yamori, N. 1999. "An Empirical
 Investigation of the Japanese Corporate Demand for Insurance." >i>Journal
 of Risk and Insurance>/i> 66, no. 2: 239-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
 <REF>	      <BIBL>13</BIBL>	     <BIBTEXT> Zou, H., and M. Adams. 2006.
 "The Corporate Purchase of Property Insurance: Chinese Evidence."
 >i>Journal of Financial Intermediation>/i> 15, no. 2: 165-96.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>14</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zou, H., and
 M. Adams. 2008. "Debt Capacity, Cost of Debt, and Corporate Insurance."
 >i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis>/i> 43, no. 2:
 433-66.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>15</BIBL>       
 <BIBTEXT> Zou, H.; M. Adams; and M. Buckle. 2003. "Corporate Risks and
 Property Insurance: Evidence from the People's Republic of China."
 >i>Journal of Risk and Insurance>/i> 70, no. 2: 289-314.</BIBTEXT>	
 </REF>    
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:15-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wenjiong He 
Author-X-Name-First: Wenjiong 
Author-X-Name-Last: He 
Author-Name: Yixin Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yixin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Author-Name: Xiaoting Liu 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoting 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu 
Author-Name: Linrong Xu 
Author-X-Name-First: Linrong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu 
Author-Name: Keang Fu 
Author-X-Name-First: Keang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fu 
Title: Vertically Balanced Rate of the Basic Medical Insurance System 
Abstract:
 The unbalanced age structure aspect of China's basic medical insurance
 system increases payment risk and hampers sustainable and healthy
 development. Combining the actuarial approaches of life insurance and
 non-life insurance, the principle of long-term fund balance is applied to
 establish a model with which to calculate the vertically balanced rate of
 the basic medical insurance system. Analysis of data from City S indicates
 that the vertically balanced rate is significantly higher than the current
 premium rate. The vertically balanced rate increases when an older age is
 used for starting premium payments; the vertically balanced rate is higher
 for females than for males. As the investment return rate increases, the
 vertically balanced rate decreases. The vertically balanced rate can be
 used to adjust the whole-life premium rate, the minimum premium period,
 the minimum age of participating in the system, continuing and
 supplemental premiums, and benefit adjustments. It can also provide a
 scientific basis for policy reform in reducing the aging insured
 population in the medical insurance system, reduce pressure on the fund,
 and maintain the balance of the insurance fund.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 30-43 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P34V236244639723 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, X.; H.-G. Fung;
 and X. Zhao. 2008. "Cost Sharing in the Urban Health Care Insurance System
 in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41, no. 5: 6-21.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  
    <REF>	 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Duan, J. 2009. "Surplus of
 Medical Insurance Fund Should Not Be Too High." >i>China Sanitation
 Talents>/i>, no. 7: 62-63.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> He, W. 2009. "Could the Insured Population
 Become Younger?" >i>China Medical Insurance>/i>, no. 2: 33-36.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>4</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> He, W.; L. Xu;
 K. Fu; X. Liu; and Y. Yang. 2009. "Analysis on âStructure-Agingâ
 Problem in Basic Medical Insurance and Its Solutions." >i>China
 Demographic Science>/i>, no. 2: 74-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>   
     <BIBL>5</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Jin, Y. 2007. "Overrated Medical
 Insurance Fund's Balance Rate Goes Against Fund Raising Principles."
 >i>China Sanitation>/i>, no. 3: 52.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yang, Y., and X. Liu. 2009. "A Deeper
 Understanding of Basic Medical Insurance Fund for Urban Workers." >i>China
 Medical Insurance>/i>, no. 11: 25-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:30-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tao Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Tao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Author-Name: Shaodong Ma 
Author-X-Name-First: Shaodong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma 
Author-Name: Xiaolan Ye 
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye 
Title: Disability Income Insurance and Pricing in Mainland China 
Abstract:
 Disability income insurance (DI) and its pricing in mainland China is
 discussed with a focus on the current situation, market prospects, and the
 pricing process. Our study concludes that (1) there is a bright future for
 commercial DI, but current consumers are mainly urban residents with
 above-average incomes; (2) by combining health service data and
 experiences of the insured, one can calculate the premium rate by sex,
 region, and occupation; and (3) the price of DI should be higher in rural
 areas than in cities; the commercial DI premium rate is overpriced for
 people under 45, and underpriced for people over 45.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 44-55 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=PL57277Q6407MN6K 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Center for Health
 Statistics and Information, MOH. 1999. >i>An analysis Report of National
 Health Services Survey in China, 1998>/i>. 1st ed., pp. 56-62. Beijing:
 Peking Union Medical College Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   
  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fabrizio, E. 2001. "Dangers of Using
 International Experience for PricingâA Comparison of Australian and New
 Zealand Individual Disability Income Experience." >i>Risk Insight>/i> 6,
 no. 2: 1.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>3</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Liu, L. 2008. "Gender Difference of Health Status in the Aging
 Population of Urban China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 41, no. 1:
 58-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>4</BIBL>	     
 <BIBTEXT> Macdonald, A.S.; H.R. Waters; and C.T. Wekwete. 2005a. "A Model
 for Coronary Disease and Stroke with Applications to Critical Illness
 Insurance Underwriting. I: The Model." >i>North American Actuarial
 Journal>/i> 9, no. 1: 13-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Macdonald, A.S.; H.R. Waters; and C.T.
 Wekwete. 2005b. "A Model for Coronary Disease and Stroke with Applications
 to Critical Illness Insurance Underwriting. II: Application." >i>North
 American Actuarial Journal>/i> 9, no. 1: 41-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	   
 <REF>	      <BIBL>6</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Pitacco, E. 1995. "Actuarial
 Models for Pricing Disability Benefits: Towards a Unifying Approach."
 >i>Insurance: Mathematics and Economics>/i> 16: 39-62.</BIBTEXT>     
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>7</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Taiwan Insurance
 Institute. 2007. >i>Report on Annual Empirical Loss Rate of Taiwan
 Individual Disability Income Insurance>/i>. Taipei.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>  
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:44-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yue-hua Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yue-hua 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Title: Agricultural Insurance System in Zhejiang Province 
Abstract:
 An experiment with policy-oriented agricultural insurance was conducted in
 Zhejiang province from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. This article
 comprehensively evaluates and reflects on the operation of the
 agricultural insurance system during the three-year experiment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 73-84 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q721V2Q1R4183874 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Gale, F. 2009.
 "Financial Reforms Push Capital to the Countryside." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 42, no. 5: 58-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>2</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Kellerhals, A. 2006. "Insurance in China:
 Assessment of the Implementation of China's WTO Commitments." >i>China
 Review>/i> 6, no. 2: 35-64.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	    
 <BIBL>3</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Knight, T.O., and K.H. Coble. 1997.
 "Survey of U.S. Multiple Peril Crop Insurance Literature Since 1980."
 >i>Review of Agricultural Economics>/i> 19: 128-56.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF> 
     <REF>	  <BIBL>4</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, W. 2004. "Financial
 Services Liberalization in China." >i>Chinese Economy>/i> 37, no. 1:
 6-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    
 <BIBTEXT> Long, W., and X. Zhang. 2003. "Agricultural Insurance and Game
 Theory Analysis." >i>Chinese Rural Economy>/i>, May: 76-79 (in
 Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>6</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Sun, X., and F. Zhong. 2009. "Welfare Losses, Income
 Distribution and the Compulsory Insurance: An Empirical Study of Different
 Modes of Participation on Agricultural Insurance." >i>Management
 World>/i>, no. 5: 80-88 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>    
    <BIBL>7</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Tuo, G., and G.J. Wang. 2002.
 >i>China's Agricultural Insurance and Rural Social Security System>/i>.
 Beijing: Capital University of Economics Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>    
  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>8</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wright, B.D.,
 and J.D. Hewitt. 1990. >i>All Risk Crop Insurance: Lessons from Theory and
 Experience>/i>. Berkeley: Giannini Foundation, California Agricultural
 Experiment Station.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>9</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, Y.; Q. Shi; and H. Gu. 2006. "Agricultural
 Insurance for Farmers, National Impact of Welfare Economics and Empirical
 Analysis." >i>Institutional Economics>/i> 12: 1-23 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>
      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:73-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jun-sheng Zhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun-sheng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu 
Title: Evaluation of an Insurance Scheme Based on the Weather Index 
Abstract:
 This article analyzes insurance schemes based on the weather index for
 drought- and flood-related risks in rural China. It evaluates, both
 technically and operationally, the accomplishments and challenges of a
 weather index insurance pilot. The main lessons are summarized, followed
 by a series of recommendations that include improving the availability,
 accessibility, quality, and quantity of data, increasing government
 support, utilizing existing networks as platforms for index insurance,
 raising awareness and promoting creative marketing campaigns, developing a
 strong legal and regulatory framework, exploring index insurance for
 government to use in disaster management, and fostering participatory
 mechanisms, coordination, and balance.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-72 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 44 
Year: 2011 
Month: 11 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=YW71874367436004 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Balzer, N., and W.
 Wang. 2009. "Concept Note on M&E Framework and Way Forward for the Weather
 Index Based Insurance Scheme in Anhui Province, China."
 Manuscript.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>2</BIBL>	  
 <BIBTEXT> Dercon, S. 2004. "Growth and Shocks: Evidence from Rural
 Ethiopia." >i>Journal of Development Economics>/i> 74: 309-29.</BIBTEXT>  
    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>3</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Gale, F. 2009.
 "Financial Reforms Push Capital to the Countryside." >i>Chinese
 Economy>/i> 42, no. 5: 58-78.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>       
 <BIBL>4</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> GinÃ©, X.; R. Townsend; and J. Vickery.
 2006. "Patterns of Rainfall Insurance Participation in Rural India."
 >i>World Bank Economic Review>/i> 22: 539-66.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 
 <REF>	      <BIBL>5</BIBL>	    <BIBTEXT> Hansen W.; M. Dilley; L.
 Goddard; E. Ebrahimian; and P. Ericksen. 2004. "Climate Variability and
 the Millennium Development Goal Hunger Target." IRI Technical Report
 04-04. New York: International Research Institute for Climate and Society,
 Columbia University.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	     
 <BIBL>6</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hellmuth, E.; E. Osgood; U. Hess; A.
 Moorhead; and H. Bhojwani (Eds.). 2009. >i>Index Insurance and Climate
 Risk: Prospects for Development and Disaster Management>/i> [Climate and
 Society, no. 2]. New York: International Research Institute for Climate
 and Society, Columbia University.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	  
 <BIBL>7</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hess, U.; K. Richter; and A. Stoppa. 2002.
 "Weather Risk Management for Agriculture and Agribusiness in Developing
 Countries." In >i>Climate Risk and the Weather Market, Financial Risk
 Management with Weather Hedges>/i>, ed. Robert S. Dischel, 295-310.
 London: Risk Books.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>
	<BIBTEXT> Siamwalla, A., and A. Valdes. 1986. "Should Crop
 Insurance Be Subsidized?" In >i>Crop Insurance for Agricultural
 Development: Issues and Experience>/i>, ed. P. Hazell, C. Pomareda, and A.
 Valdes, 117-125. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   
 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>9</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Skees, R., and B.
 Collier. 2008. "The Potential of Weather Index Insurance for Spurring a
 Green Revolution in Africa." Lexington, KY: Watkins House. Available at >a
 target="_blank"
 href='http://www.globalagrisk.com'>http://www.globalagrisk.com>/a></BIBTEX
 T>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Skees,
 R.; P. Hazell; and M. Miranda. 1999. >i>New Approaches to Crop Yield
 Insurance in Developing Countries>/i>. Washington, DC: International Food
 Policy Research Institute, Environment and Production Technology
 Division.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>11</BIBL>	 
 <BIBTEXT> Swiss Re. 2008a. >i>Setting Up Sustainable Agricultural
 Insurance: The Example of China>/i>. Zurich: Swiss Reinsurance
 Company.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>12</BIBL>	
 <BIBTEXT> Swiss Re. 2008b. >i>An Insurance Recipe for the Chinese Food and
 Agricultural Industry>/i>. Zurich: Swiss Reinsurance Company.</BIBTEXT>   
   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>13</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> UNDESA. 2007.
 "Developing Index-Based Insurance for Agriculture in Developing
 Countries." Innovation Briefs, no. 2. New York: United Nations, Department
 of Economics and Social Affairs.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	 
 <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2007. >i>World Development
 Report 2008: Agriculture for Development>/i>. Washington, DC: World
 Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:44:y:2011:i:6:p:56-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Teruhisu Sasaki 
Author-X-Name-First: Teruhisu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sasaki 
Title: Communist China's Export Capabilities and Japanese-Chinese Trade 
Abstract:
 Japanese-Chinese trade has been proceeding very smoothly this year.
 According to data we have collected, the amount of trade between the two
 countries shown in the customs statistics for the period of January to
 June of this year has already reached $120 million. Barring unforeseen
 major changes, the total amount of trade this year will surely reach the
 $300 million level.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 213-254 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 4 
Year: 1971 
Month: 7 
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=HT325PJ430547313 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:4:y:1971:i:4:p:213-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joerg Bibow
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg
Author-X-Name-Last: Bibow
Title: How to Sustain the Chinese Economic Miracle
Abstract:
 This article investigates China's role in creating global imbalances and argues that the call for a massive renminbi revaluation as a (supposed) panacea is misguided. Apart from acting as a growth leader in the global recovery by boosting domestic demand to offset the slump in exports, China has successfully completed the first stage of rebalancing its economy. The second stage will consist of further strengthening private consumption. This will be best supported by continued reliance on renminbi stability and capital account management.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 46-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0V48623676L04145
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Adams, J., et al. 2009. "China: From Poor Areas to Poor People: China's Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda." Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2010a. "Chinese Banks Face State Loans Turmoil." FT.com. July 26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2010b. "Beijing Urges Banks to Strike Right Balance." FT.com. August 11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bagnai, A. 2009. "The Role of China in Global External Imbalances: Some Further Evidence." <i>China Economic Review</i> 20: 508-26.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barboza, D. 2008. "China Unveils $586 Billion Stimulus Plan." <i>New York Times.</i> November 10.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Barnett, S., and R. Brooks. 2010. "China: Does Government Health and Education Spending Boost Consumption?" IMF Working Paper no. 10/16.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Batson, A. 2010a. "Chinas Property Market Freezes Up." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> June 4.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Batson, A. 2010b. "China's Shifting Jobs Keep Migrants Closer to Home." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> June 17.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Batson, A. 2010c. "China Says It Will Increase Yuan's Flexibility." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> June 19.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Batson, A. 2010d. "IMF Sees China's Trade Surplus Ballooning." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> July 29.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Batson, A., and J. Dean. 2010. "China Fuels Trade Tension with Policies, Report Says." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> July 27.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Batson, A., and N. Shirouzu. 2010. "Chinese Workers Win Wave of Raises." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> June 9.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bernanke, B. S. 2005. "The Global Saving Glut and the U. S. Current Account Deficit; Remarks." March 10. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.federalreserve.gov/board-docs/speeches/2005/200503102'>www.federalreserve.gov/board-docs/speeches/2005/200503102</a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bibow, J. 2008a. "The International Monetary (Non-)Order and the Global Capital Flows Paradox." Levy Economics Institute Working Paper no. 531. In <i>Finance-Led Capitalism?</i> ed. E. Hein, P. Spahn, T. Niechoj, and A. Truger, 219-48. Marburg: Metropolis.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bibow, J. 2008b. "Insuring Against Private Capital Flows: Is It Worth the Premium? What Are the Alternatives?" <i>International Journal of Political Economy</i> 37, no. 4: 5-30.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bibow, J. 2010a. "Suffocating Europe." Eurointelligence.com. June 25.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bibow, J. 2010b. "Global Imbalances, the U. S. Dollar, and How the Crisis at the Core of Global Finance Spread to Self-Insuring Emerging Market Economies." Levy Economics Institute Working Paper no. 591.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bibow, J. 2010c. "Germany Is Unfit for the Euro." Eurointelligence.com. April 21.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Brandt, L.; C. Hsieh; and X. Zhu. 2008. "Growth and Structural Transformation in China." In <i>China's Great Economic Transformation</i>, ed. L. Brandt and T. Rawshi, 569-632. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Chen, S., and M. Ravallion. 2008. "China Is Poorer Than We Thought, but No Less Successful in the Fight Against Poverty." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 4621.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cookson, R. 2010. "Shanghai Market Feels Weight of Own Success." FT.com. May 6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Davis, B., and A. Back. 2010. "IMF Sees Yuan as Undervalued." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> July 27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Dullien, S. 2005. "FDI in China: Trends and Macroeconomic Challenges." In <i>China in a Globalizing World</i>, ed. S. Dullien, 125-153. Geneva: UNCTAD.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Dyer, G. 2008. "Beijing Offers Just Quarter of Stimulus Funds." FT.com. November 14.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dyer, G. 2010. "Wen Calls Bluff of Moaning Multinationals." FT.com. July 20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Flassbeck, H. 2005. "China's Spectacular Growth Since the Mid-1990sMacroeconomic Conditions and Economic Policy Challenges." In <i>China in a Globalizing World</i>, ed. H. Flassbeck, 1-44. Geneva: UNCTAD.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Hook, L. 2010. "China Scraps Commodity Export Tax Rebates." FT.com. June 22.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Hu, X. 2010. "Three Characteristics of the Managed Floating Exchange Rate Regime." People's Bank of China. July 22. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/detail.asp?col=6500&id=196'>www.pbc.gov.cn/english/detail.asp?col=6500&id=196</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2001. <i>World Economic Outlook.</i></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hu, X. 2002. <i>World Economic Outlook.</i></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>31</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Hu, X. 2010. "Executive Board Concludes 2010 Article IV Consultations with China." Public Information Notice 10/100. July 27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kim, S.-Y., and L. Kuijs. 2007. "Raw Material Prices, Wages and Profitability in China's IndustryHow Was Profitability Maintained When Input Prices and Wages Increased So Fast?" World Bank Research Paper no. 8.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2007. "FDI, Competitive Menace, and the Evolution of Labor Practices in China." <i>Chinese economy</i> 40, no. 5: 21-51.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2008. "Why Are China's Exports Special?" <i>Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 6: 99-118.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2012. "Development Finance: China's Banking System in Light of the Global Financial Crisis." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 45, no. 1: 8-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, L. 2009. "Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on China: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications." <i>China & World Economy</i> 17, no. 6: 1-23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>37</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Ma, G., and R. N. McCauley. 2007. "Do China's Capital Controls Still Bind? Implications for Monetary Autonomy and Capital Liberalization." Bank for International Settlements Working Paper no. 233.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ma, G., and W. Yi. 2010. "China's High Saving Rate: Myth and Reality." Bank for International Settlements Working Paper no. 312.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> McKinnon, R. 2007. "Why China Should Keep Its Dollar Peg." <i>International Finance</i> 10: 43-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>40</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> McMahon, D. 2010. "China Scrutinizes Loans to Local Governments." <i>Wall Street Journal.</i> July 29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>41</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mitchell, T., and K. Hille. 2010. "Chinese Wages Pose Questions for Exporters." FT.com. June 3.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>42</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Mitchell, T., and R. Kwong. 2010. "Chinese Labor Unrest Spreads." FT.com. June 9.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>43</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Naughton, B. 2009. "Understanding the Chinese Stimulus Package." <i>China Leadership Monitor</i>, no. 28 (Spring).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>44</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> People's Bank of China. 2008. "China: The Evolution of Foreign Exchange Controls and the Consequences of Capital Flows." Bank for International Settlements Working Paper no. 44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>45</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> People's Bank of China. 2010. "Further Reform the RMB Exchange Rate Regime and Enhance the RMB Exchange Rate Flexibility." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/detail.asp?col=6400&id=1488'>www.pbc.gov.cn/english/detail.asp?col=6400&id=1488</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>46</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Rodrik, D. 2010. "Making Room for China in the World Economy." Paper prepared for the ASSA Meetings, Atlanta. January.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>47</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Roubini, N. 2007. "Why China Should Abandon Its Dollar Peg." <i>International Finance</i> 10: 71-89.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>48</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sheng, A. 2009. <i>From Asian to Global Financial Crisis: An Asian Regulator's View of Unfettered Finance in the 1990s and 2000s.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>49</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sun, M. 2009. "China Unscathed Through the Global Financial Tsunami." <i>China and the World Economy</i> 17, no. 6: 25-42.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>50</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> UNCTAD. 2009, 2010. <i>Trade and Development Report.</i> Geneva.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>51</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> UNCTAD. 2010. <i>World Investment Report.</i> Geneva.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>52</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wiesmann, G.; D. Schaefer; and R. Atkins. 2010. "German Exports Jump on Chinese Demand." FT.com. July 8.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>53</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Yu, Y. 2009, November 25. "China's Policy Response to the Global Financial Crisis." Richard Snape Lecture, Australian Government.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>54</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Yu, Y. 2010. "Asia: China's Policy Response to the Global Financial Crisis." <i>Journal of Globalization and Development</i> 1, no. 1: article 12.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>55</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, K. H. 2007. "International Production Networks and Export Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from China." Chinese economy 40, no. 6: 83-96.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>56</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, K. H. 2009. "Rise of Chinese Multinational Firms." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 6: 81-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:46-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: China's Short-Term and Long-Term Development After the 2007 Global Financial Crisis: Some Critical Reflections
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7
Issue: 1
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=F819072322Q04531
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2009. "Downturn Causes 20M Job Losses in China." <i>Financial Times.</i> February 2. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.ft.com'>www.ft.com</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>China Daily.</i> 2010. "Growth Plan Mapped Out as Party Pledges Reforms." October 19. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-10/19/content_11426073.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-10/19/content_11426073.htm</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2010. "Recovery, Risk, and Rebalancing." <i>World Economic Outlook.</i> October.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:3-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Title: Role of Informal Finance in China's Continuing Economic Development
Abstract:
 Informal finance is a very pro-growth institution in China and will continue to be an integral part of the economy in both the short and long run. Two paths that China's economy may take are examined, producing for domestic consumption and producing for international consumption. Analysis of the possible growth of different industries based on types of ownership and potential changes in consumption patterns finds that the path most conducive to increasing the number of informal financial transactions is one in which production is attuned mainly to domestic consumption.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 28-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P114677X223H4465
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, F.; J. Qian; and M. Qian. 2005. "Law, Finance, and Economic Growth in China." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 77: 57-116.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Berger, A. N.; I. Hasan; and M. Zhou. 2009. "Bank Ownership and Efficiency in China: What Will Happen in the World's Largest Nation?" <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 33, no. 1: 113-30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Boyreau-Debray, G. 2003. "Financial Intermediation and Growth: Chinese Style." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 3027.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, H. 2006. "Development of Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: The Chinese Experience." <i>China Economic Review</i> 17, no. 4: 347-62.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Farrell, D.; U. A. Gersch; and E. Stephenson. 2006. "The Value of China's Emerging Middle Class." <i>McKinsey Quarterly</i> [Special edition].</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fu, Qiang, and Jianjun Li. 2009. <i>Informal Finance, Monetary Conditions, and Economic Movements.</i> Chapter on Informal Finance in China, eds. Li and Hsu. New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fu, Xiaoqing, and Shelagh Heffernan. 2009. "The Effects of Reform on China's Bank Structure and Performance." <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 33, no. 1: 39-52.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gao, Sh. 1999. <i>Two Decades of Reform in China.</i> London: World Scientific.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gao, Sh., and M. E. Schaffer. 2000. "Financial Discipline in the Enterprise Sector in Transition Countries: How Does China Compare?" In <i>The Chinese Economy Under Transition</i>, ed. Cook, Yao, and Zhang. New York: St. Martin's Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gale, F., and K. Huang. 2007. "Demand for Food Quantity and Quality in China." USDA Economic Research Report no. 32.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Gorton, G., and A. Winton. 1998. "Banking in Transition Economies: Does Efficiency Require Instability." <i>Journal of Money, Credit and Banking</i> 30, no. 3: 621-50.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Guariglia, A., and S. Poncet. 2008. "Could Financial Distortions Be No Impediment to Economic Growth After All? Evidence from China." <i>Journal of Comparative Economics</i> 36: 633-57.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hsu, S. 2009. "Is Informal Finance Faster, Cheaper, Better than Formal Finance? A Study of Small and Medium Enterprises in Shanghai and Nanjing." In <i>Informal Finance in China: American and Chinese Perspectives</i>, ed. Jianjun Li and Sara Hsu, chap. 7. New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jiang, Sh. 2009. "The Evolution of Informal Finance in China, and Its Prospects." In <i>Informal Finance in China: American and Chinese Perspectives</i>, ed. J. Li and S. Hsu, chap. 2. New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jun, Zh.; G. Wan; and Y. Jin. 2007. "The Financial Deepening-Productivity Nexus in China: 1987-2001." <i>Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies</i> 5, no. 1: 37-49.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Langlois, J. 2001. "China's Financial System and the Private Sector." Financial Sector Reform in China Conference, Harvard University. September 11-13.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, J. 2006. <i>The Survey of Underground Financing in China.</i> Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, J. 2009. "Informal Finance, Underground Finance, Illegal Finance and Economic Movement: A National Analysis." In <i>Informal Finance in China: American and Chinese Perspectives</i>, ed. J. Li and S. Hsu, chap. 3. New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Maswana, Jean-Claude. 2005. "Reconciling the Chinese Financial Development with Its Economic Growth: A Discursive Essay." MPRA Paper 7241, University Library of Munich, Germany.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Matthews, K.; X. Jiang; and J. Guo. 2009. "Nonperforming Loans and Productivity in Chinese Banks, 1997-2006." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 2: 30-47.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> McEwen, W.; X. Fang; Ch. Zhang; and R. Burkholder. 2006. "Inside the Mind of the Chinese Consumer." <i>Harvard Business Review.</i> Reprint R063D.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2006. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Shirai, S. 2002. "Banks' Lending Behavior and Firms' Corporate Financing Pattern in the People's Republic of China." ADB Institute Research Paper no. 43.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> UN Comtrade. 2006. <i>United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database.</i> UN Statistics Division.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xinhua. 2009. "Chinese Premier: China to Expand Market Access for Private Investment." December 27. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/27/content_12711418.htm'>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/27/content_12711418.htm</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Xinhua. 2010. "China Gropes for Solutions to SME Financing Difficulties." January 4. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/counselorsreport/europereport/201001/20100106721756.html'>http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/counselorsreport/europereport/201001/20100106721756.html</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Yusuf, Sh. 1994. "China's Macroeconomic Performance and Management During Transition." <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i> 8, no. 2: 71-92.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:28-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Development Finance
Abstract:
 The Chinese banking system remained resilient during the 2007 global financial crisis because of three factors: (1) capital-control policies have limited its exposure to international capital and credit markets; (2) it is focused on traditional banking rather than securitization activities; and (3) it is dominated by state-owned banks that avail themselves of public trust. Although China's state-owned banks are often criticized for lending primarily to state-owned enterprises, this article argues that through credit generation, Chinese banks help to produce a Schumpeterian-Keynesian credit-investment-income-creation process that has led to the country's decades of fast growth. Given that credit creation is not constrained by prior savings, lending to state-owned enterprises need not be reduced in order to increase lending to private enterprises. The article concludes by examining three main challenges facing Chinese banks.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P41076KH48M1020H
File-Format: text/html
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J.; S. Tucker; and J. Hughes. 2010. "China Tells Banks to Halt Lending." <i>Financial Times.</i> January 20.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2010a. "Audits Lay Bare Challenges That Lie Ahead for Chinese Banks." <i>Financial Times.</i> May 13.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Anderlini, J. 2010b. "Chinese Banks Face State Loans Turmoil." <i>Financial Times</i>, July 26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2009. "Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.adb.org/statistics'>www.adb.org/statistics</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> <i>The banker.</i> 2009. "Top 1000 World Banks 2009." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.thebanker.com'>www.thebanker.com</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> <i>The banker.</i> 2010. "Top 1000 World Banks 2010." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.thebanker.com'>www.thebanker.com</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Burkett, P., and A. Krishna Dutt. 1991. "Interest Rate Policy, Effective Demand, and Growth in LDCs." <i>International Review of Applied Economics</i> 52, no. 2: 127-53.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cai, J., and A. Chen. 2008. "Mainland Lenders Ordered to Halt Interbank Deals with U. S. Firms." <i>South China Morning Post</i> [Hong Kong]. September 25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> China Government Web Portal. 2008. "Rural Banks Lend Hope to Country Businesses." January 8. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.gov.cn'>www.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC). 2009. <i>Annual Report 2008.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbrc.gov.cn'>www.cbrc.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC). 2010. <i>Annual Report 2009.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbrc.gov.cn'>www.cbrc.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> <i>The China Post.</i> 2011. "China Raises Banks' Required Reserve Ratio." January 15. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinapost.com'>www.chinapost.com</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Cookson, R. 2010. "AgBank on Course for Record $22.1 bn IPO." <i>Financial Times</i>, July 6.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Diaz-Alejandro, C. 1985. "Good-Bye Financial Repression, Hello Financial Crash." <i>Journal of Development Economics</i> 19, nos. 1-2: 1-24.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fung, E. 2010. "UPDATE: China Raises Downpayment, Mortgage Rates for Home Buyers." <i>Down Jones Newswires</i>, April 16. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.wsj.com'>www.wsj.com</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Garcia-Herrero, A.; S. Gavil; and D. Santabrbara. 2006. "China's Banking Reform: An Assessment of its Evolution and Possible Impact." <i>CESifo Economic Studies</i> 52, no. 2: 304-63.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Garcia-Herrero, A.; S. Gavil; and D. Santabrbara. 2007. "What Explains the Low Profitability of Chinese Banks?" Banco de Espana. Working Paper no. 0910. Available at SSRN: <a target="_blank" href='http://ssrn.com/abstract=1413123'>http://ssrn.com/abstract=1413123</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Grabel, I. 1995. "Speculation-Led Economic Development: A Post-Keynesian Interpretation of Financial Liberalization Programmes in the Third World." <i>International Review of Applied Economics</i> 9, no. 2: 127-49.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Herr, H. 2008. "Capital Control and Economic Development in China." In <i>Financial Liberalization and Economic Performance in Emerging Countries</i>, ed. P. Arestis and L. F. de Paula, 142-72. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Herr, H., and J. Priewe. 1999. "High Growth in ChinaTransition Without a Transition Crisis?" <i>Intereconomics</i> (November/December): 303-16.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> International Finance Corporation. 2007. <i>Reforming Collateral Law and Registries: International Best Practices and the Case of China.</i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Kawai, M.; M. Lamberte; and D. Y. Yang. 2008. "Global Shocks, Capital Flows and Asian Regional Economic Cooperation." Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Kregel, J. 2010. "No Going Back: Why We Cannot Restore Glass-Steagall's Segregation of Banking and Finance." <i>Public Policy Brief</i> no. 107. Annandale-on-Hudson, NY: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lardy, N. 2008. "Financial Repression in China." <i>Policy Brief</i>, no. 08-8. Peterson Institute for International Economics.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, K-W., and J. Ma. 2004. "The Economic Intricacies of Banking Reform in China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 37, no. 4: 50-77.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Liang, Y. 2010. "China and the Global Financial Crisis: Assessing the Impacts and Policy Responses." <i>China & World Economy</i> 18, no. 3: 56-72.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2009. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.nbs.gov.cn'>www.nbs.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Okazaki, K. 2007. "Banking System Reform in China: The Challenges of Moving toward a Market-Oriented Economy." Occasional Paper, Rand Corporation. 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Asian Development Bank Research Paper no. 43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Schumpeter, J. 1934/1983. <i>The Theory of Economic Development.</i> New York: Transaction.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Stiglitz, J., and A. Weiss. 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information." <i>American Economic Review</i> 71, no. 3: 393-410.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Studart, R. 1995. <i>Investment Finance in Economic Development.</i> New York and London: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Willis, H. P. 1921. <i>American Banking.</i> La Salle Extension University, Chicago.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>37</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Wolf, C. Jr.; K. C. Yeh; B. Zycher; N. Eberstadt; and S. Lee. 2003. <i>Fault Lines in China's Economic Terrain.</i> RAND.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>38</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2010a. "China Quarterly UpdateMarch 2010." Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2010b. "World Development Indicators." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.worldbank.org'>www.worldbank.org</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>40</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Wu, D.; Z. Yang; and Sh. Ba. 2009. "Chinese Bankers Survey 2009; Executive Summary." China Banking Association and Price Waterhouse Coopers.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>41</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yao, Sh., and Ch. Jiang. 2007. "The Effects of Governance Changes on Bank Efficiency in China: A Stochastic Distance Function Approach." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://ssrn.com/abstract=980935'>http://ssrn.com/abstract=980935</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>42</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Yu, Y. 2010. "China Needs Slower, Better Growth." <i>Financial Times.</i> August 5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:8-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minqi Li
Author-X-Name-First: Minqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Peak Energy, Climate Change, and Limits to China's Economic Growth
Abstract:
 This article evaluates the prospects of energy supply and its impact on economic growth in China from now to 2100. After considering the prospects for coal, oil, and gas production, as well as the development potentials of nuclear energy, renewable energies, and energy efficiency, it concludes that China is likely to face irreversible declines of energy consumption and economic output after the mid-twenty-first century. moreover, the projected fossil fuel consumption implies levels of carbon dioxide emissions substantially more than what would be consistent with China's obligations to global climate stabilization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=Q1648427J7200452
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas Ireland (ASPO). 2009. <i>Newsletter 100.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.aspo-ireland.org/contentFiles/newsletterPDFs/newsletter100_200904.pdf'>www.aspo-ireland.org/contentFiles/newsletterPDFs/newsletter100_200904.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Berman, A. 2009. "Lessons from the Barnett Shale Suggest Caution in Other Shale Plays." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.aspousa.org/index.php/2009/08/lessons-from-the-barnett-shale-suggest-caution-in-other-shale-plays'>www.aspousa.org/index.php/2009/08/lessons-from-the-barnett-shale-suggest-caution-in-other-shale-plays</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> British Petroleum. 2009. <i>BP Statistical Review of World Energy.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview'>www.bp.com/statisticalreview</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Campbell, Colin J. 2005. <i>Oil Crisis.</i> Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Publishing Company.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cui, M. (Ed.) 2008. <i>Zhongguo Nengyuan Fazhan Baogao [Annual Report of China's Energy Development].</i> Beijing: Shehui Kexue Wenxian Chubanshe [Social Sciences Academic Press].</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Dittmar, M. 2009. "The Future of Nuclear Energy: Facts and Fiction." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://europe.theoildrum.com/node/5929#more'>http://europe.theoildrum.com/node/5929#more</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2009a. <i>International Data-Renewables.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international'>www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2009b. <i>Cost and Performance Characteristics of New Central Station Electricity Generating Technologies.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/assumption/pdf/electricity.pdf#page=3'>www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/assumption/pdf/electricity.pdf#page=3</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Energy Watch Group. 2006. <i>Uranium Resources and Nuclear Energy.</i> (December). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.energywatchgroup.org/fleadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Uraniumreport_12-2006.pdf'>www.energywatchgroup.org/fleadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Uraniumreport_12-2006.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Energy Watch Group. 2007. <i>Coal: Resources and Future Production.</i> (March). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.energywatchgroup.org/fleadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Oilreport_10-2007.pdf'>www.energywatchgroup.org/fleadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Oilreport_10-2007.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Green, C.; S. Baksi; and M. Dilmaghani. 2007. "Challenges to a Climate Stabilizing Energy Future." <i>Energy Policy</i> 35: 616-26.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Heinberg, R. 2004. <i>The Party's Over: Oil, War and the Fate of Industrial Societies.</i> Gabriola Island, B. C.: New Society.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2008. <i>Energy Technology Perspectives 2008.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.iea.org'>www.iea.org</a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007a. <i>A Report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Summary for Policymakers.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.ipcc.ch'>www.ipcc.ch</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007b. <i>A Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</i> Chapter 3 (Issues Related to Mitigation in the Long-Term Context). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.ipcc.ch'>www.ipcc.ch</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Korpela, S. A. 2005. "Prediction of World Peak Oil Production." In <i>The Final Energy Crisis</i>, ed. A. McKillop and S. Newman, 11-28. London: Pluto Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Laherrere, J. 2004. "Future of Natural Gas Supply." Contribution to the Third International Workshop on Oil & Gas Depletion, Berlin. May 24-25. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.hubbertpeak.com/laherrere/IIASA2004.pdf'>www.hubbertpeak.com/laherrere/IIASA2004.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lightfoot, H. D., and C. Green. 2001. "Energy Efficiency Decline Implications for Stabilization of Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Content." Centre for Climate and Global Change Research, McGill University, Report no. 2001-7. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mcgill.ca/ccgcr'>www.mcgill.ca/ccgcr</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lightfoot, H. D., and C. Green. 2002. "An Assessment of IPCC Working Group III Findings." In <i>Climate Change 2001: Mitigation of the Potential Contribution of Renewable Energies to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Stabilization.</i> Centre for Climate and Global Change Research, McGill University, Report no. 2002-5. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mcgill.ca/ccgcr'>www.mcgill.ca/ccgcr</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2000-2008. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2000-2008. <i>Statistical Communiqus of People's Republic of China.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.stats.gov.cn'>www.stats.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> The Oil Drum. 2009a. "Saudi Arabia's Crude Oil Production Peaked in 2005." Posted by "ace" (March 3). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.theoildrum.com/node/5154'>www.theoildrum.com/node/5154</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> The Oil Drum. 2009b. "World Oil Production Forecast-Update November 2009." Posted by "ace" (November 23). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.theoildrum.com/node/5979#more'>www.theoildrum.com/node/5979#more</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Rutledge, D. 2007. "Hubbert's Peak, the Coal Question, and Climate Change." ASPO-USA Conference, Houston. October 19. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://rutledge.caltech.edu'>http://rutledge.caltech.edu</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Spratt, D., and P. Sutton. 2008. <i>Climate Code Red: the Case for A Sustainability Emergency.</i> Friends of the Earth and Carbon Equity. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.carbonequity.info'>www.carbonequity.info</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Tao, Z., and M. Li. 2007. "What Is the Limit of Chinese Coal SuppliesA STELLA Model of Hubbert Peak." <i>Energy Policy</i> 35, no. 6: 3145-54.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Trainer, T. 2007. <i>Renewable Energy Cannot Sustain a Consumer Society.</i> Dordrecht: Springer.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 2009. <i>World Development Indicators Online.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline'>devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:74-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miao Jianchun
Author-X-Name-First: Miao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jianchun
Author-Name: Kevin Daly
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Daly
Title: Evidence of Collateral, Asymmetric Information, Credit Risk, and Banking Regulations from Firms
Abstract:
 This article examines the determinants of a firm's proportion of collateralized loans within the context of Chinese firms. In particular, focus is placed on the effect of a new bank regulatory system on the firm's proportion of collateralized loans. The study found that a firm's proportion of collateralized loans is positively related to its level of credit risk and asymmetric information, and that this in turn is increasingly and significantly a consequence of the new banking regulatory law and guidelines of 2004. The results suggest that the new banking regulatory system has changed the way in which banks structure loan contracts in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 21-37
Issue: 2
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=553133XQ155T2U22
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, L., and A. Saunders. 2004. "Incorporating Systemic Influences into Risk Measurements: A Survey of the Literature." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 26: 161-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Altman, E. I. 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 23: 589-611.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Altman, E. I. 1971. "Railroad Bankruptcy Propensity." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 26: 333-45.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Altman, E. I. 1988. "Default Risk, Mortality Rates, and the Performance of Corporate Bonds." Research Foundation, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts. Charlottesville, VA.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Altman, E. I., and A. Saunders. 1998. "Credit Risk Measurement: Developments over the Last 20 Years." <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 21: 1721-42.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Berger, A. N., and G. F. Udell. 1995. "Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance." <i>Journal of Business</i> 68: 351-81.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Berger, A. N., and G. F. Udell. 2002. "Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organization Structure." <i>Economic Journal</i> 112: 32-53.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Boot, A. W. A., and A. V. Thakor. 1994. "Moral Hazard and Secured Lending in an Infinitely Repeated Credit Market Game." <i>International Economic Review</i> 35: 899-920.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Boot, A. W. A., and A. V. Thakor. 2000. "Can Relationship Banking Survive Competition?" <i>Journal of Finance</i> 12, no. 2: 679-713.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Boot, A. W. A.; A. V. Thakor; and G. F. Udell. 1991. "Secured Lending and Default Risk: Equilibrium Analysis, Policy Implications and Empirical Results." <i>Economic Journal</i> 101: 458-72.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Carling, K. 2007. "Corporate Credit Risk Modeling and the Macro Economy." <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 31, no. 3: 845-68.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> China Banking Regulatory Commission. 2004. "Guidelines on Due Diligence in the Credit Extension Work of Commercial" [no. 19]. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbrc.gov.cn'>www.cbrc.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> China Congress. 2004. Law of China Commercial Bank. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbrc.gov.cn'>www.cbrc.gov.cn</a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Frydman, H.; E. I. Altman; and D. L. Kao. 1985. "Introducing Recursive Partitioning for Financial Classification: The Case of Financial Distress." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 40: 269-91.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Fu, Q. 2005. "Implication of Logistic Model in Listed Companies' Credit Risk Evaluation." <i>Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University</i> 27: 114-22.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Huang, J., and H. Wang. 2009. "Government Protection and Corporate Risk Management in China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 2: 7-29.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jimenez, G. 2004. "Collateral, Type of Lender and Relationship Banking as Determinants of Credit Risk." <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 28, no. 5: 2191-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jimenez, G. 2006. "Determinants of Collateral." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 28, no. 81: 255-81.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> John, R. G., and Q. Jia. 2008. "Corporate Misreporting and Bank Loan Contracting." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 89, no. 2: 44-61.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Kwong, C. L. 2009. "From Commercialization to WTO Accession What Lies Ahead for China's Banking Reform." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 5: 8-20.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Platt, H. D., and M. B. Platt. 1991. "A Linear Programming Approach to Bond Portfolio Selection." <i>Economic Financial Computing</i> 12, no. 2: 71-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Santomero, A., and J. Vinso. 1977. "Estimating the Probability of Failure for Firms in the Banking System." <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i> 8, no. 2: 185-206.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Scherr, F., and M. Hulburt. 2001. "The Debt Maturity Structure of Small Firms." <i>Financial Management</i> 30, no. 1: 85-97.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Smith, C. W., and M. J. Barclay. 1995. "The Maturity Structure of Corporate Debt." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 50: 609-31.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Stohs, M., and H. Mauer. 1996. 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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:2:p:21-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ka Zeng
Author-X-Name-First: Ka
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng
Title: Trade Deflection, Retaliation, and Developing-Country Antidumping Initiation Against China
Abstract:
 The proliferation of antidumping investigations directed at China in recent years raises the question of whether importing countries are motivated by retaliatory considerations in their filings against Chinese firms. This question is addressed through an empirical examination of the use of the antidumping instrument by developing countries. Empirical results suggest that China's actual and threatened retaliation against developing countries can generate both a retaliatory and a deterrent effect. They also suggest that the deflection of exports to developing countries has contributed to the rise in the latter's use of antidumping against Chinese firms.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-64
Issue: 2
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=726J04HP50Q27316
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aggarwal, A. 2004. "Macro Economic Determinants of Antidumping: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries." <i>World Development</i> 32, no. 6: 1043-57.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bao, X., and L. D. Qiu. 2009. "Antidumping in China: Is It Retaliatory?" Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.sef.hku.hk/~larryqiu/Papers/China-antidumping.pdf'>www.sef.hku.hk/~larryqiu/Papers/China-antidumping.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Barton, J. H.; J. Goldstein; T. E. Josling; and R. H. Steinberg. 2006. <i>The Evolution of the Trade Regime.</i> Princeton: Princeton University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Blonigen, B. A. 2005. "The Effects of (CUSFTA and) NAFTA on Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Activity." <i>World Bank Economic Review</i> 19, no. 3: 407-24.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Blonigen, B. A., and C. P. Bown. 2003. "Antidumping and Retaliation Threats." <i>Journal of International Economics</i> 60, no. 2: 249-73.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bown, C. P. 2008. "The WTO and Antidumping in Developing Countries." <i>Economics and Politics</i> 20, no. 2: 255-88.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bown, C. P. 2009. "Protectionism Is on the Rise: Antidumping Import Investigations." In <i>The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20</i>, ed. R. Baldwin and S. Evenett, 55-57. London: CEPR and VoxEU.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bown, C. P., and M. A. Crowley. 2007. "Trade Deflection and Trade Depression." <i>Journal of International Economics</i> 72, no. 1: 76-201.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bown, C. P., and R. McCulloch. 2007. "U. S. Trade Policy Toward China: Discrimination and Its Implications." In <i>Challenges to the Global Trading System: Adjustment to Globalization in the Asia Pacific Region</i>, ed. S. La Croix and P. A. Petri, 58-82. Oxford: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Brenton, P. 2001. "Anti-Dumping Policies in the EU and Trade Diversion." <i>European Journal of Political Economy</i> 17, no. 3: 593-607.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Busch, M. L.; R. Raciborski; and E. Reinhardt. 2008. "Does the Rule of Law Matter? The WTO and U. S. Antidumping Investigations." Manuscript. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/antidumping.pdf'>http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/antidumping.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Deardorff, A. V., and R. M. Stern. 2005. "A Centennial of Anti-Dumping Legislation and ImplementationIntroduction and Overview." <i>World Economy</i> 28, no. 5: 633-40.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Feinberg, R. M. 1989. "Exchange Rates and Unfair Trade." <i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i> 71, no. 4: 704-7.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feinberg, R. M., and K. M. Reynolds. 2006. "The Spread of Antidumping Regimes and the Role of Retaliation in Filings." <i>Southern Economic Journal</i> 72, no. 4: 877-90.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Global Antidumping Database:</i> Part of the Temporary Trade Barriers Database. 2010. 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"Come Home to Roost: Proliferating Antidumping Laws and the Growing Threat to U. S. Exports." Trade Policy Analysis no. 14. Cato Institute. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-014.pdf'>www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-014.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Mah, J. S. 2000. "Antidumping Decisions and Macroeconomic Variables in the USA." <i>Applied Economics</i> 32, no. 13: 1701-9.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Marks, S. V., and J. McArthur. 1990. "Empirical Analyses of the Determinants of Protection: A Survey and Some New Results." In <i>International Trade Policies: Gains from Exchange Between Economics and Political Science</i>, ed. J. S. Odell and T. Willett, 105-39. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Messerlin, P. 2004. 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In <i>Handbook of International Trade. Volume II: Economic and Legal Analyses of Trade Policy and Institutions Handbook of International Economics</i>, ed. E. K. Choi and J. Hartigan, 358-82. London: Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <BIBL>35</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Trefler, D. 1993. "Trade Liberalization and the Theory of Endogenous Protection: An Econometric Study of US Import Policy." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 101, no. 1: 138-60.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>36</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Trade Organization. 2010. "Antidumping Initiations: By Exporting Country From: 01/01/95 To: 31/12/08." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/ad_init_exp_country_e.xls'>www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/ad_init_exp_country_e.xls</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>37</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Xu, Shiteng, and Yihong Tang. 2009. 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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:2:p:38-64




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Juan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: David Mayston
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayston
Title: Impact of Overeducation on Wages in China
Abstract:
 The rapid expansion of China's higher education system in recent years has exceeded China's high rate of economic growth and produced a problem of overeducation and undereducation, defined respectively as whether graduates obtain jobs whose educational requirements are commensurate with their highest degree qualification on graduation. A pecking order model of employment offers is used to analyze the factors determining the overeducation of graduates across China. These include significant factors not found in other countries. The predictive hypothesis of a strong form of the pecking order model was tested under conditions of perfect wage flexibility dependent only on individual characteristics and not on the job obtained by the graduate. The hypothesis was rejected because the evidence showed that the Chinese labor market is imperfectly competitive due to the continued functioning of traditional bureaucratic norms. Instead, the analysis found that job level can have a significant effect on a graduate's wages, alongside other factors. The determinants of the probability of obtaining a higher-level job on graduation therefore remain important as factors influencing the graduate's expected wages, incentives, and risk of being overeducated for available employment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 65-89
Issue: 2
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P44953842136K666
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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"Return to Education and its Distribution in Urban China." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 6: 119-31 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ma, X. Q., and X. H. Ding. 2005. "Risk of Chinese Urban Citizens' Individual Investment in Education: A Positivist Study." <i>Educational Research</i> 4: 25-32 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Machin, S., and J. Van Reenen. 1998. "Technology and Changes in Skill Structure. Evidence from Seven OECD Countries." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 113, no. 4: 1215-44.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mincer, J. 1974. <i>Schooling, Experience and Earnings.</i> New York: Columbia University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2010. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Rumberger, R. 1987. "The Impact of Surplus Schooling on Productivity and Earnings." <i>Journal of Human Resources</i> 22, no. 1: 24-50.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Sattinger, M. 1993. "Assignment Models in the Distribution of Earnings." <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i> 31, no. 2: 831-80.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> Sicherman, N. 1991. "'Overeducation' in the Labor Market." <i>Journal of Labor Economics</i> 9, no. 2: 101-22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Simon, H. 1957. "The Compensation of Executives." <i>Sociometry</i> 20, no. 1: 32-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>31</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Vella, F. 1998. "Estimating Models with Sample Selection Bias: A Survey." <i>Journal of Human Resources</i> 33, no. 1: 127-69.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Verdugo, R., and N. Verdugo. 1989. "The Impact of Surplus Schooling on Earnings: Some Additional Findings." <i>Journal of Human Resources</i> 24, no. 4: 629-43.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Yang, J., and D. Mayston. 2009. "An Empirical Study on Educational Investment for All Levels of Higher Education in China." <i>Frontiers of Economics in China</i> 1: 46-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, P., and X. H. Liu. 2008. "Mechanisms for Learning by Doing, Low-Cost Competition, and Changes in Growth Paths." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 4: 54-76.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:2:p:65-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Economic Growth, Banks, and Trade
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4
Issue: 2
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V8V42388830MU4L3
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:2:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xing Li
Author-X-Name-First: Xing
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Zeguang Li
Author-X-Name-First: Zeguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Man-wah Luke Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Man-wah Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Demographic Change, Savings, Investment, and Economic Growth
Abstract:
 Few would doubt that China's demographic changes have had a significant impact on its economic growth, but little attention has been given to distinguishing specific structural indicators of this trend. This article investigates the growth effects of China's demographic changes in the realms of labor supply and human capital improvement on savings and investment. Using provincial panel data, the results show that China's demographic structure is in a transitional phase in which economic growth is fostered by the increasing savings and investment rates of its aging population. The issue of how to take advantage of this growing population sector for savings, investment, and economic growth has important policy implications.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-20
Issue: 2
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W085798276050629
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ando, A., and F. Modigliani. 1963. "The Life-Cycle Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests." <i>American Economic Review</i> 53, no. 1: 55-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Arellano, M., and S. Bond. 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and An Application to Employment Equations." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 58, no. 2: 277-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Arrow, K. J. 1962. "The Economic Implication of Learning by Doing." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 29, no. 3: 155-73.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Barro, R., and J. W. Lee. 1994. "Sources of Economic Growth." <i>Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy</i> 40, no. 1: 1-46.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Barro, R., and X. Sala-i-Martin. 2003. <i>Economic Growth.</i> Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bloom, D., and J. Williamson. 1998. "Demographic Transitions and Economic Miracles in Emerging Asia." <i>World Bank Economic Review</i> 12, no. 3: 419-55.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bloom, D.; D. Canning; and J. Sevilla. 2001. "Economic Growth and the Demographic Transition." NBER Working Paper no. W8685. National Bureau of Economic Research. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.nber.org/papers/w8685'>www.nber.org/papers/w8685</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bloom, D.; D. Canning; and J. Sevilla. 2002. "The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change." Report no. MR-1274. Santa Monica: RAND Corp.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Blundell, R., and S. Bond. 1998. "Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models." <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> 87, no. 1: 115-43.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bond, S.; A. Hoeffler; and O. Temple. 2001. "GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models." CEPR Discussion Paper no. 3048. Available at SSRN: <a target="_blank" href='http://ssrn.com/abstract=290522'>http://ssrn.com/abstract=290522</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Cai, F. 2010. "Demographic Changes, Demographic Dividend and the Lewis Turning Point." <i>Jingji Yanjiu</i> (Economic Research Journal) 45, no. 4: 4-13 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Cai, F.; M. Wang; and Y. Du. 2005. "China's Labor Market on Crossroad." <i>China and World Economy</i> 13, no. 1: 32-46.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Caselli, F.; G. Esquivel; and F. Lefort. 1996. "Reopening the Convergence Debate: A New Look at Cross-country Growth Empirics." <i>Journal of Economic Growth</i> 11, no. 3: 363-89.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Choudhry, M., and P. Elhorst. 2010. "Demographic Transition and Economic Growth in China, India and Pakistan." <i>Economic Systems</i> 34, no. 3: 218-36.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> DeGregorio, Jose. 1992. "Economic Growth in Latin America." <i>Journal of Development Economics</i> 39, no. 1: 59-84.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Durlauf, S., and D. Quah. 1999. "The New Empirics of Economic Growth." In <i>Handbook of Macroeconomics</i>, ed. J. B. Taylor and M. Woodford, pp. 235-308. Amsterdam: North Holland.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Islam, N. 1995. "Growth Empirics: A Panel Data Approach." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 110, no. 4: 1127-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jappelli, T., and M. Pagano. 1994. "Saving, Growth, and Liquidity Constraints." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 109, no. 1: 83-109.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Kaldor, N. 1956. "Alternative Theories of Distribution." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 23, no. 2: 83-100.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Leff, N. 1969. "Dependency Rates and Savings Rate." <i>American Economic Review</i> 59, no. 5: 886-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Leff, N. 1971. "Dependency Rates and Savings Rate: Reply." <i>American Economic Review</i> 61, no. 3: 476-80.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Li, H.; J. Zhang; and J. Zhang. 2007. "Effects of Longevity and Dependency Rates on Saving and Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Cross Countries." <i>Journal of Development Economics</i> 84, no. 1: 138-54.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Li, X.; Z. Li; and M. W. Luke Chan. 2010. "Demographic Change, Savings, Investment and Economic Growth: A Case from China." Working paper. De-Groote School of Business, McMaster University.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Li, Y., and J. Yin. 2005. "High Saving Rate, High Investment Rate and Chinese Economic Growth during Labor Transition." <i>Jingji Yanjiu</i> (Economic Research Journal) 40, no. 2: 2-15 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mankiw, N. G.; D. H. Romer; and D. H. Weil. 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 107, no. 2: 407-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Mason, A., and R. Lee. 2004. "Reform and Support Systems for the Elderly in Developing Countries: Capturing the Second Demographic Dividend." <i>GENUS</i> 62, no. 2: 11-35.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Modigliani, F., and L. Cao. 2004. "The Chinese Saving Puzzle and the Life-Cycle Hypothesis." <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i> 42, no. 1: 145-70.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 1986-2007. <i>China Population Statistics Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 1999. <i>Comprehensive Statistical Data and Materials on 50 Years of New China.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Persson, J. 2002. "Demographics, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: A Study of United States 1930-2000." EIEF Working Paper no. 2004-7. Sweden.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>31</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ram, R. 1984. "Dependency Rates and Savings: Reply." <i>American Economic Review</i> 74, no. 1: 234-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Samuelson, P., and F. Modigliani. 1966. "The Pasinetti Paradox in Neoclassical and More General Models." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 33, no. 4: 269-301.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Sala-i-Martin, X. 1997. "I Just Ran Two Million Regressions." <i>American Economic Review</i> 87, no. 2: 178-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Shioji, E. 2001. "Public Capital and Economic Growth: A Convergence Approach." <i>Journal of Economic Growth</i> 6, no. 3: 205-27.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>35</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Sun S. 2011. "Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers in China's Manufacturing Sector." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 44 no. 2: 25-42.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>     <REF>	    <BIBL>36</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Uzawa, H. 1965. "Optimal Technical Change in an Aggregative Model of Economic Growth." <i>Review of International Economics</i> 6, no. 1: 18-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>37</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, D.; F. Cai; and X. Zhang. 2004. "Saving and Growth Effects of Demographic Transition: The Population Factor in the Sustainability of China's Economic Growth." <i>Renkou Yanjiu</i> (Journal of Population Research) 28, no. 5: 1-11 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>  <REF>	  <BIBL>38</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yu, Z. 2011. "Demographic Dynamics and Economic Take-Off." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 1: 72-90.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:2:p:5-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaochuan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaochuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: The Global Financial Crisis
Abstract:
 This article examines the legal and regulatory changes occurring in China since the global financial crisis. An introduction and analysis of the economic stimulus plan of the Chinese government and the rapid policy shifts in prudential regulation are followed by a review of the law enforcement actions and congressional legislation undertaken in response to the crisis. some observations are offered on the ideology and role of the central government in legislation, law enforcement, and financial supervision. Finally, the challenge of flexible governance within the rule of law is examined.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 42-55
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=54242P732T7083G8
File-Format: text/html
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> American Chamber of Commerce in South China. 2011. "White Paper on Business Environment in China." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.amcham-southchina.org/am-cham/static/publications/whitepaper.jsp'>www.amcham-southchina.org/am-cham/static/publications/whitepaper.jsp</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> "Circular on Enforcement Issues Related to the Global Financial Crisis by the Supreme Court." 2009. <i>Fafa</i>, no. 34.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> "Circular on Fees Abolishment by the CBRC, PBC and NDRC." 2011. <i>Yinjianfa</i>, no. 22.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> "Circular on Further Deepening the Economic System Reforms in 2010 by the State Council." 2010. <i>Guofa</i>, no. 15.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> "Circular on Further Regulating Real Estate Markets by the Office of State Council." 2011. <i>Guobanfa</i>, no. 1.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> "Circular on Serving the Economic Development Stably by the Supreme People's Procuratorate." 2008.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> "Circular on Strengthening the Management of Local Government-Controlled Financing Companies by the State Council." 2010. <i>Guofa</i>, no. 19.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Feng, H. 2009. "Government Should Publish Detailed Accounts." <i>Securities Times</i> (February 5): 5.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ge, W. 2010. "Loan Volume Evasion and Monetary Policy Adjustment." <i>Finance and Economics</i> 9: 10-16.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Hu, X. 2011. "Hot Topics Before the Congressional and Consultative Meetings." <i>Xinmin Night</i> (March 2). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinanews.com/estate/2011/03-02/2878923.shtml'>www.chinanews.com/estate/2011/03-02/2878923.shtml</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Legislative Plan of the People's Congress Standing Committee. 2008. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/rdyw/wj/2008-04/23/content_1425392.htm'>www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/rdyw/wj/2008-04/23/content_1425392.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Legislative Plan of the People's Congress Standing Committee. 2009. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/syxw/2009-07/03/content_1509248.htm'>www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/syxw/2009-07/03/content_1509248.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Legislative Plan of the People's Congress Standing Committee. 2010. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2010-07/06/content_1581057.htm'>www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2010-07/06/content_1581057.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, M. 2010. "Outlook on New Banking Reforms." China Banking Regulatory Commission Web page (December 17). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/home/jsp/docView.jsp?docID=20101217617B0548F94EA8B9FFDD5B297A56E400'>www.cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/home/jsp/docView.jsp?docID=20101217617B0548F94EA8B9FFDD5B297A56E400</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> "Suggestions on Building a Rule-of-law Government by the State Council." 2010. <i>Guofa</i>, no. 33.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Third Five-Year Court Reform Guidelines (2009-2013) by the Supreme Court. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=350101'>www.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=350101</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wang, X. 2010. "In Five to Ten Years, Financial Consumers May Become a Legal Term." <i>Legal Daily</i> (March 15): 6.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wen, J. 2011. "Government Work Report Addressed on 5 March 2011." Xinhua Net (March 15). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-03/15/content_13174348.htm'>http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-03/15/content_13174348.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Work Report of 2009 by the Supreme Court. 2009. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.court.gov.cn/qwfb'>www.court.gov.cn/qwfb</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Wu, J. 2009. "Breaking the Systemic Hurdle on Development." <i>People's Daily</i> (January 20).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wu, X. 2009. "Understanding Easy Monetary Policies Properly." <i>Chinese Congress</i> 8: 28-29.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Xinhua. 2011. "Press Conference for Wen Jiabao at the Eleventh National People's Congress." Xinhua Net (March 14). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://news.xinhua-net.com/politics/2011-03/14/c_121187130_3.htm'>http://news.xinhua-net.com/politics/2011-03/14/c_121187130_3.htm</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Xu, Y. 2011. "Legal System Is not Determined by Numbers." <i>Procuratorial Daily</i> (March 5): 1.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yang, L., et al. 2009. <i>Sixty Years' Finance in China.</i> Beijing: China Finance and Economy Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:42-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia  Blazey
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia
Author-X-Name-Last: Blazey
Title: Approaches to Increasing Desertification in Northern China
Abstract:
 Desertification in Northern China, attributable to deforestation, urbanization, and drought, is causing increasingly severe sand and dust storms. About 30 percent of the land area of the People's Republic of China is affected, a factor that costs the Chinese government about Us$6.7 million a year. This article looks at the approaches taken by the Chinese government to reduce sandstorm activity and address the country's desertification. An assessment is made of both the costs of dealing with the problem and the government's approach to it during the global financial crisis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 88-101
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7688602K2321331H
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Asian Development Bank. 2005. "Regional Master Plan for the Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia." (March) Volume 1. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/publications/docs/dustsandstorms_northeast-asia.pdf'>www.unccd.int/publicinfo/publications/docs/dustsandstorms_northeast-asia.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, F. 2000 "Combating Desertification: Action Programme in China." <i>AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment</i> 29, no. 6: 359-61.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Chew, S. C. 2001. <i>World Ecological Degradation.</i> Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> <i>China Daily.</i> 2010. "Sandstorm Source Is Back in Business." 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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:88-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kay-Wah Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kay-Wah
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: The Global Financial Crisis and Labor Law in China
Abstract:
 In 2007, China adopted a series of new laws and regulations to strengthen the protection of workers' rights. Business enterprises raised concerns about a resulting rise in labor costs, a situation that seems to have been aggravated by the global financial crisis starting in 2008. An ensuing decline in export orders caused financial difficulties for many labor-intensive manufacturers. What policies and measures has China adopted in response, and why have they been adopted? Have the new labor laws and regulations been amended to reduce worker protections in order to ease legal and regulatory burden for business? What is the current situation?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 24-41
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D5J07430314182J4
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/Desktop.aspx?path=mohrss/mohrss/InfoView&gid=46014392-e8a0-4bec-8914-2a2aeeb86137&tid=Cms_Info'>www.mohrss.gov.cn/Desktop.aspx?path=mohrss/mohrss/InfoView&gid=46014392-e8a0-4bec-8914-2a2aeeb86137&tid=Cms_Info</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>39</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, J. 2010. "Courts Struggling to Handle Labor Disputes." <i>China Daily</i> (September 15). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-09/15/content_11306359.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-09/15/content_11306359.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>40</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, M. 2010. "Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on China's Migrant Workers: A Survey of 2,700 in 2009." <i>Eurasian Geography and Economics</i> 51, no. 2: 218-35.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>41</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Wang, Y. 2009. "Wuhuan Sijian Jiji Zhengce Xiaoying Tuxian" (Outstanding Effect of the Wu Huan Xi Jian Positive Policy). <i>Zhongguo Laodong -Baozhang-bao</i> (May 6). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/Desktop.aspx?path=mohrss/mohrss/InfoView&gid=2c81f45e-c898-4ebc-9b06-4ee5e1dd9721&tid=Cms_Info'>www.mohrss.gov.cn/Desktop.aspx?path=mohrss/mohrss/InfoView&gid=2c81f45e-c898-4ebc-9b06-4ee5e1dd9721&tid=Cms_Info</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>42</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Wu, J. 2008. "New Labor Law No Harm to Firms." <i>China Daily</i> (March 10). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2008-3/10/content_6520849.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2008-3/10/content_6520849.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>43</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wu, Y., and Y. Du. 2010. "Jinrong Weiji Dui Zhongxiao Qiye Jiuye de Ying-xiang" (The Impact of the Financial Crisis on the Employment of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises). In <i>Zhongguo Renkou yu Laodong Wenti Baogao no. 11: Hou Jinrong Weji Shiqi de Laodongli Shichang -Tiazhan</i> (Report on China's Population and Labor [no. 11]: Labor Market Challenges in the Post-Crisis Era), ed. F. Cai, 183-203. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>44</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wu, Z., and H. Zhang. 2010. "Nongcun Laodongli Waichu Jiuye de Tedian ji Bianhua" (The Characteristics of Migrant Workers' Employment and Its Changes). In <i>Zhongguo Renkou yu Laodong Wenti Baogao no. 11: Hou Jinrong Weji Shiqi de Laodongli Shichang Tiaozhan</i> (Report on China's Population and Labor [no. 11]: Labor Market Challenges in the Post-Crisis Era), ed. F. Cai, 12-22. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>45</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xie, J. 2010. "Minimum Wage to Be Increased as Economy Recovers." <i>China Daily</i> (January 26). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-01/26/content_9380108.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-01/26/content_9380108.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>46</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiong, Q. 2009. "Foreign Investors Return to China as Economy Warms Up." <i>China Central Television</i> (December 8). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://english.cctv.com/20091208/101131.shtml'>http://english.cctv.com/20091208/101131.shtml</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>47</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiong, Q. 2010. "China Repositions Shenzhen's Role to Spearhead Future Reform." <i>China Central Television</i> (August 26). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://english.cntv.cn/20100826/101212.shtml'>http://english.cntv.cn/20100826/101212.shtml</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>48</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, M. 2009. "Woguo Jiuye Jushi Jiben Wending" (Employment Situation in China Is Basically Stable). <i>Zhongguo Renshibao</i> (September 10). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.rensb.com/showarticle.php?articleID=12665'>www.rensb.com/showarticle.php?articleID=12665</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>49</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Yang, N. 2011."Rising Salaries Drives Firms West." China Daily (March 7). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-03/07/content_12125267.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-03/07/content_12125267.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>50</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Yang, X. 2009. "Guangdong Chutai Youhui Zhengce Guli Zhichi Nongmingong Chuangye" (Guangdong Province Adopted Favorable Policies to Encourage Migrant Workers' Entrepreneurship). <i>Xinhua News</i> (February 2). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2009-02/02/content_10752225.htm'>http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2009-02/02/content_10752225.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>51</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yao, S., and X. Chu. 2009. 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"China Launches Its NASDAQ-Style Market." <i>China Central Television</i> (October 23). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://english.cctv.com/20091023/104351.shtml'>http://english.cctv.com/20091023/104351.shtml</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>54</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhao, L. 2010. "Salary Increase Guidelines Seek to Narrow Income Gap." <i>China Daily</i> (July 13). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-07/13/con-tent_10096661.htm'>www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-07/13/con-tent_10096661.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:24-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nolan Cormac Sharkey
Author-X-Name-First: Nolan Cormac
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharkey
Title: China's Tax Integrity in Context of the Emerging International Tax System
Abstract:
 This article looks at the emergent systematic interconnectivity, or "ecosystem," of the world's multiple income tax regimes and how this integration can spread ineffectiveness and corruption from one state to another. Against this background, it is proposed that the bureaucratic deficiencies of China's income taxation may provoke a more important and negative impact on foreign taxation regimes than on China itself. It is also argued that the constraints of the prevailing norms of international taxation exacerbate the problem of corruption as China is pressed to impose concepts of integrity unsuited to its institutional context. Harmonization of tax cultures must accommodate China's distinctive environment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 56-75
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E37Q2K7887H2117L
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Avi-Yonah, R. S. 2007. "Tax Competition, Tax Arbitrage and the International Tax Regime." <i>Michigan Law Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers</i>, no. 73.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bertalanffy, L. von. 1968. <i>General systems Theory.</i> New York: Braziller.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Cartier, C. L. 2001. <i>Globalizing south China.</i> Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Green, R. A. 2002. "The Interaction of Tax and Non-Tax Treaties." <i>Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation</i> 56, no. 6 (June): 254-57.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Picciotto, S. 1992. <i>International Business Taxation.</i> London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Rosenbloom, D. H. 2007. "Cross Border Arbitrage: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly." <i>TaxesTax magazine</i> 85, no. 3.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sharkey, N. 2005. "China's Income Tax Concept of Enterprise and the Concept of CompanyInteraction with the Australia-China Tax Treaty." <i>Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation</i> 59, no. 2: 157-66.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Sharkey, N. 2009a. "The Impact of Social Institutions on Tax Design: Informal Entities and the Tax Unit." <i>Australian Taxation Forum</i> 24, no. 4: 487-500.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sharkey, N. 2009b. "Informal Assets and Liabilities and the Definition of Taxable Income." <i>Australian Taxation Forum</i> 24, no. 4: 515-530.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sharkey, N. 2010. "Social Institutions and Tax Design: Chinese Society and Income Tax." Ph.D. diss., University of New South Wales.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Tan, C. B. 2004. <i>Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues.</i> Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:56-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Ip
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Ip
Title: The Global Financial Crisis and Beyond: Legal Responses and Special Topics
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L15572762J227454
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:3-7




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mary Ip
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Ip
Title: The Global Financial Crisis
Abstract:
 In general, China's response to the global financial crisis was not very different from that of other countries: a stimulus package worth trillions of renminbi, aimed at encouraging domestic consumption. At the same time, China realized that containing the economic havoc would also require the adoption of new legal measures. Consequently, a series of rules and regulations was promulgated as part of the country's strategic response to the crisis. The objective of this article is to examine the role of law in promoting economic stability in China during the financial crisis. The discussion focuses on contract law and bankruptcy law. How well does the regulatory regime address the economic dislocation of the global downturn? To what extent has the administration of policy contributed to the revitalization of the Chinese economy?
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-23
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L65183736223477W
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Altman, R. C. 2009. "The Great Crash, 2008A Geopolitical Setback for the West." <i>Foreign Affairs</i> 88, no. 1: 1-14.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cao, S. Y. 2009a. "Bankruptcy Is HardNothing Surprising." <i>Shanghai and Hong Kong Economy</i> (May): 24.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Cao, S. Y. 2009b. "Chinese Bankruptcy Law Has Been Shelved During the Global Financial Crisis." Si Yuan Think Tank Online (May 14). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.caosy.com/view.asp?id=92'>www.caosy.com/view.asp?id=92</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Cao, S. Y. 2010. "Latest News: Total Number of Enterprises Bankruptcy New Low Rate." Si Yuan Think Tank Online (January 14). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.caosy.com/view.asp?id=118'>www.caosy.com/view.asp?id=118</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Cao, S. 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Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://-econ.tu.ac.th/achan/rangsun/ec460/ec460readings/GlobalIssues/GlobalFinancialCrisis2007-2009/AcademicWorksByInstitution/UNDP/Financial%20Crisis%20of%-202008%20and%20LDCs.pdf'>-econ.tu.ac.th/achan/rangsun/ec460/ec460readings/GlobalIssues/GlobalFinancialCrisis2007-2009/AcademicWorksByInstitution/UNDP/Financial%20Crisis%20of%-202008%20and%20LDCs.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Overholt, W. H. 2010. "China in the Global Financial Crisis: Rising Influence, Rising Challenge." <i>Washington Quarterly</i> (January): 21-34.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Peerenboom, R. 2007. "Courts as Legislators: Supreme People's Court Interpretations and Procedural Reforms." Foundation of Law, Justice and Society. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.fljs.org'>www.fljs.org</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Sing Tao Daily.</i> 2008. "Basic Court Funding Comes from Central Government BudgetShun from Local Dependency." (December 6). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.singtao.com./china/news_details.asp?sid=455012'>www.singtao.com./china/news_details.asp?sid=455012</a></BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Sing Tao Daily.</i> 2009. "Mainland's Export Dropped 1.2% in November." (December 12). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.singtao.com/yesterday/fin/1212d001.html'>www.singtao.com/yesterday/fin/1212d001.html</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Xinhua Net. 2008. "Premier Wen Jiabao Presides Over State Council Executive Meeting, Decides on Ten Measures to Increase Domestic Demand." (November 9). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-11/09/content_10331258_1.htm'>http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-11/09/content_10331258_1.htm</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yu, Y. D. 2010. "China's Response to the Global Financial Crisis." <i>East Asia Forum</i> Online. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/01/24/chinas-response-to-the-global-financial-crisis'>www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/01/24/chinas-response-to-the-global-financial-crisis</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:8-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Qinghua Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Qinghua
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Financing the Mining Industry in China
Abstract:
 China's central government has historically taken the leading role in financing the country's mining industry. After 1998, a market-oriented financing system began to develop. Bank loans, corporate bonds, trusts, project financing, and finance leases have been employed to fund the Chinese mining industry. In addition, in recent years private equity investment and initial public offerings or new shares issued by companies on the stock exchange's primary market have been used frequently by mining enterprises. More private equity funds have emerged in the aftermath of the global finance crisis. The Tianjin Equity Exchange established a mining board to get financing for small and medium-size mining enterprises. Nevertheless, the stock market in China still does not provide enough financing opportunities for small and medium-size mining enterprises. This article suggests that the Growth Enterprises Market of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange should establish a mining exchange in order to support the sector's development more robustly.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 76-87
Issue: 3
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X4876N1866182J06
File-Format: text/html
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Deng Jianglan. "Using PE Funds to Promote the Chinese Mining Industry to Develop in High Speed." Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.custeel.com/gb2312/news/viewArticle.jsp?articleID=2348962'>www.custeel.com/gb2312/news/viewArticle.jsp?articleID=2348962</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Guo, X-k. 2009. "The Analysis on the Feasibility of the Financing Using Mining Production Rights as Mortgage and Risk Prevention." <i>Shenzhen Finance</i> 8.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Mapleleaf. 2011. "Outline of Canadian Share Market for Mining Industry." East-money Online (February 16). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://blog.eastmoney.com/qb5918/blog_150732289.html'>http://blog.eastmoney.com/qb5918/blog_150732289.html</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> TMX. 2010. "Toronto Stock Exchange & TSX Venture ExchangeCapital Marketplace for China and Asia Companies." TMX (December 31). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.tmx.com/en/pdf/china/ChinaSectorProfile-en.pdf'>www.tmx.com/en/pdf/china/ChinaSectorProfile-en.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Xu, T. 2011. "Another Trust Project in Mining Industry Done by CITIC Trust." <i>Securities Daily</i> (February 15).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>        
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:3:p:76-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas S. P. Tay
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas S. P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tay
Author-Name: Dilip K. Das
Author-X-Name-First: Dilip K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Lee Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Author-Name: Pisun Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Pisun
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Economic and Financial Drivers of Growth
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6
Issue: 4
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1877746XT5M54114
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:4:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda Yueh
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Yueh
Title: Legal Development, Financial Repression, and Entrepreneurship in a Marketizing Economy
Abstract:
 The nature of entrepreneurship in a marketizing economy will be affected not only by personal and socioeconomic characteristics, but also by the extent of legal development and financial repression. Many developing countries have underdeveloped legal and credit systems that can impede self-employment. Since China is an economy characterized by legal and institutional imperfections as well as underdeveloped financial markets, its growing and important nonstate sector poses a puzzle. This article tests whether such institutional constraints have affected the development of entrepreneurship in China, with implications for other countries in the process of liberalization. After examining the impact of legal and financial development, improvements in the legal system are found to lead to greater entrepreneurship, while financial repression is not a significant factor. Legal protection increases protection of property rights that can promote self-employment, while start-up money is often obtained from informal avenues such that financial repression is not a deterrent for starting a business, though it may be more important in the later stages of business expansion.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 39-82
Issue: 4
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H750337377292956
File-Format: text/html
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Allen, F.; J. Qian; and M. Qian. 2005. "Law, Finance and Economic Growth in China." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 77, no. 1: 57-116.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Baker, G.; R. Gibbons; and K. J. Murphy. 2002. "Relational Contracts and the Theory of the Firm." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 117, no. 1: 39-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Banerjee, A., and E. Duflo. 2007. "What Is Middle Class About the Middle Classes Around the World?" CEPR Discussion Paper no. 6613.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Banerjee, A., and A. Newman. 1993. "Occupational Choice and the Process of Development." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 101, no. 2: 274-98.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bian, Y. 1994. "<i>Guanxi</i> and the Allocation of Urban Jobs in China." <i>China Quarterly</i> 140: 971-99.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Blanchflower, D. G., and A. J. Oswald. 1998. "What Makes an Entrepreneur?" <i>Journal of Labor Economics</i> 16, no. 1: 26-60.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bull, C. 1987. "The Existence of Self-Enforcing Implicit Contracts." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 102, no. 1: 147-59.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Djankov, S.; Y. Qian; G. Roland; and E. Zhuravskaya. 2006. "Who Are China's Entrepreneurs?" <i>American Economic Review Paper and Proceedings</i> 96, no. 2: 348-52.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Djankov, S.; E. Miguel; Y. Qian; G. Roland; and E. Zhuravskaya. 2005. "Who Are Russia's Entrepreneurs?" <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i> 3, nos. 2-3: 587-97.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Evans, D., and L. Leighton. 1989. "Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship." <i>American Economic Review</i> 79: 519-35.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Fan, G. 1994. "Incremental Change and Dual-Tack Transition: Understanding the Case of China." <i>Economic Policy</i> 19, supp.: 100-22.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Greene, W. H. 2003. <i>Econometric Analysis.</i> Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Holtz-Eakin, D.; D. Joulfaian; and H. S. Rosen. 1994. "Entrepreneurial Decisions and Liquidity Constraints." <i>Rand Journal of Economics</i> 25, no. 2: 334-47.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Knight, J., and L. Yueh. 2004. "Job Mobility of Residents and Migrants in Urban China." <i>Journal of Comparative Economics</i> 32, no. 4: 637-60.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levine, R. 1997. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda." <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i> 35: 688-726.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, S., and H. Sato, eds. 2006. <i>Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty in Urban China.</i> London and New York: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lin, Y. F. 2007. "Developing Small and Medium-Sized Banks to Improve the Financial Structure." Working Paper. Peking University: China Center for Economic Research (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, F. S., and Y. Yao. 2009. "The Effectiveness of the Law, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in an Economy of Financial Repression: Evidence from China." <i>World Development</i> 37, no. 4: 736-77.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mohapatra, S.; S. Rozelle; and R. Goodhue. 2007. "The Rise of Self-Employment in Rural China: Development or Distress?" <i>World Development</i> 35, no. 1: 163-81.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 1991-2006. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Oi, J. C. 1999. <i>Rural China Takes off: Institutional Foundations of Economic Reform.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Pei, M. X. 2001. "Does Legal Reform Protect Economic Transactions? Commercial Disputes in China." In <i>Assessing the Value of Law in Transition Countries</i>, ed. P. Murrell, 180-210. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Portes, A. 1998. "Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology." <i>Annual Review of Sociology</i> 24: 1-24.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Rajan, Raghuram, and Luigi Zingales. 1998. "Financial Dependence and Growth." <i>American Economic Review</i> 88, no. 3: 559-86.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Rees, H., and A. Shah. 1986. "An Empirical Analysis of Self-Employment in the U. K." <i>Journal of Applied Econometrics</i> 1, no. 1: 95-108.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Shen, Y.; M. Shen; Z. Xu; and Y. Bai. 2009. "Bank Size and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) Lending: Evidence from China." <i>World Development</i> 37, no. 4: 800-811.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Solinger, D. J. 1999. <i>Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State, and the Logic of the Market.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Wu, X. 2002. "Embracing the Market: Entry into Self-Employment in Transitional China, 1978-1996." William Davidson Working Paper no. 512.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> Yueh, L. 2009. "Patent Laws and Innovation in China." <i>International Review of Law and Economics</i> 29, no. 4: 304-13.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhang, J.; L. Zhang; S. Rozelle; and S. Boucher. 2006. "Self-Employment with Chinese Characteristics: The Forgotten Engine of Rural China's Growth." <i>Contemporary Economic Policy</i> 24, no. 3: 446-58.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:4:p:39-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dilip K. Das
Author-X-Name-First: Dilip K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Title: The Chinese Economy
Abstract:
 Instituting sequential market-oriented macroeconomic reforms and institutional upgrades has turned China into a dynamic market-oriented economy. Altering its economic system from a centrally planned nonmarket economy to a near market economy system had momentous results. With the help of reforms, the manufacturing sector, along with exports and investment, became a significant driver of economic growth. Ironically China liberalized and reformed its economy in an unorthodox manner and was slow to open its trade sector to the outside world. Financial sector reforms and developments also lagged. Growth of the private sector continued to face problems, and state-owned enterprises still have a notable presence. Policy mandarins in China are known not to have paid a great deal of attention to the conventional wisdom from Washington. They believed that China was <i>sui generis</i> and would achieve economic success by following its own idiosyncratic growth path.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-38
Issue: 4
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R37640324Q8J1680
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> A. T. Kearney Global Management Consultants. 2010. <i>Investing in a Rebound.</i> Vienna, VA: Global Business Policy Council.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Australian.</i> 2009. "A Battle of Words." May 2: 16.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Barrett, C. 2011. "China Drives Burberry Growth." <i>Financial Times.</i> January 19: 17</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bernanke, B. S. 2006. "The Chinese Economy: Progress and Challenges." Paper presented at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing. December 15.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Branstetter, L., and N. Lardy. 2008. "China's Embrace of Globalization." In <i>China's Great Economic Transformation</i>, ed. L. Brandt and T. G. Rawski, 633-682 and 826-886. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chadha, R., and P. Husband. 2007. <i>The Cult of the Luxury Brand.</i> Hong Kong: NB Publishing.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Chaudhury, S., and M. Ravallion. 2007. "Partially Awakened Giants: Uneven Growth in China and India." In <i>Dancing with Giants: China, India and the Global Economy</i>, ed. L. A. Winters and S. Yusuf, 175-210. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> <i>Daily Telegraph.</i> 2011. "Rolls-Royce Sets Record Car Sales in 2010." January 11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Das, D. K. 2008. <i>The Chinese Economic Renaissance: Apocalypse or Cornucopia?</i> Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants (UK): Palgrave Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Das, D. K. 2011a. <i>Asian Economy: Spearheading the Recovery from the Global Financial Crisis.</i> London and New York: Routledge.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Das, D. K. 2011b. "China in the Domain of International Business." <i>Human Systems Management</i> 30, no. 1: 71-83.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Dean, J. M.; K. C. Fung; and Z. Wang. 2007. "Measuring the Vertical Special-ization in Chinese Trade." Working Paper no. 2007/01/A. Washington, DC: U. S. International Trade Commission. January.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> <i>Economist.</i> 2010a. "The World's Biggest Economy: Dating Game." December 16: 40.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Economist.</i> 2010b. "Jim O'Neill Looks at the Global Economy of 2036." November 22: 64.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Farrell, D.; U. A. Gersch; and E. Stephenson. 2006. "The Value of China's Emerging Middle Class." <i>McKinsey Quarterly.</i> Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_value_of_Chinas_emerging_middle_class_1798'>http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_value_of_Chinas_emerging_middle_class_1798</a></BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Golley, J., and L. Song. 2010. "Chinese Economic Reforms and Development." In <i>China: The Next Twenty Years of Reform and Development</i>, ed. R. Garnaut, J. Golley, and L. Song, 1-15. Canberra: The ANU Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hale, G.; C. Long; and H. Miura. 2010. "Where to Find Productivity Spill-overs from FDI in China?" Working Paper no. 14/2010. June. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2010. <i>Regional Economic Outlook: Asia Pacific.</i> April. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2011. <i>World Economic Outlook: Update.</i> January 25. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Koresnikov-Jessop, S. 2010. "Swiss Makers Reward the Chinese Market." <i>New York Times.</i> March 17: 16.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> KPMG. 2010. "Refined Strategies: Luxury Extends Its Reach Across China." August 13. Beijing. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.kpmg.com/Ca/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Refined%20Strategies%20-%20Luxury%20extends%20its%20reach%20across%20China.pdf'>www.kpmg.com/Ca/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Refined%20Strategies%20-%20Luxury%20extends%20its%20reach%20across%20China.pdf</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lardy, N. R. 2002. <i>Integration of China in the Global Economy.</i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lardy, N. R. 2003. "Trade Liberalization and Its Role in Chinese Economic Growth." Paper presented at the International Monetary Fund conference on "A Tale of Two Giants: India and China" in New Delhi. November 14-16.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lau, L.; Y. Qian; and G. Roland. 2000. "Reform Without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 108, no. 1: 120-43.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lin, J. Y., and Y. Wang. 2008. "China's Integration with the World." Policy Research Working Paper no. 4899. December. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Maddison, A. 2001. <i>The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective.</i> Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Maddison, A. 2006. "Asia in the World Economy 1500-2030." <i>Asian Pacific Economic Literature</i> 20, no. 2: 1-37.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Marsh, P. 2010. "US Manufacturing Crown Slips." <i>Financial Times.</i> June 20: 14.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> McKay, H., and L. Song. 2010. "China as a Global Manufacturing Power-house." <i>China and the World Economy</i> 18, no. 1: 1-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Murphy, K.; A. Shleifer; and R. Vishny. 1992. "The Transition to a Market Economy." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 107, no. 2: 889-906.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   <BIBL>31</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2010. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>32</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Naughton, B. 2007. <i>The Chinese Economy: Transition and Growth.</i> Cambridge: MIT Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2010. <i>China in the 2010s: Rebalancing Growth and Strengthening Social Safety Nets.</i> March. Paris.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>34</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Ozawa, T. 2009. <i>The Rise of Asia.</i> Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>35</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Reuters. 2010. "China's 2010 FDI Inflows Will Reach $100 Billion." December 15. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBJA00236120101215'>www.reuters.com/article/idUSBJA00236120101215</a></BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Rodrik, D. 2006. "What's So Special About China's Exports?" Working Paper no. 11947. January. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Summers, L. 2007. "The Rise of Asia and the Global Economy." <i>Research Monitor.</i> Special Issue 4-5.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>38</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Tuan, C.; L. Ng; and B. Zhao. 2009. "China's Post-Economic Reform Growth: The Role of FDI and Productivity Process." <i>Journal of Asian Economics</i> 20, no. 2: 280-93.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2010. <i>World Investment Prospects Survey 2010-2012.</i> September. Geneva and New York.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>40</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Vincelette, G. A.; A. Manoel; A. Hansson; and L. Kuijs. 2011. "China: Global Crisis Avoided, Robust Economic Growth Sustained." In <i>The Great Recession and the Developing Countries: Economic Impact and Growth Prospects</i>, ed. M. K. Nabli, 110-35. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>41</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Walter, C., and F. Howie. 2011. <i>The Weakness Beneath China's Rise.</i> Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>42</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> World Bank (WB). 2009. <i>From Poor Areas to Poor People: China's Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda.</i> March. Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>43</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> World Bank (WB). 2010. <i>World Development Indicators 2010.</i> Washington, DC.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>44</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> World Development Indicators (WDI). 2010. July. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>45</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> World Investment Report (WIR). 2010. July. Geneva, and New York: UNCTAD.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>46</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> World Trade Organization (WTO). 2010. <i>International Trade Statistics.</i> September. Geneva.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>47</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Yao, Y. 2009. <i>The Disinterested Government.</i> Research Paper no. 2009/33. May. Helsinki: World Institute for Development Economic Research.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:4:p:7-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jidong Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Jidong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Liyan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Liyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Regional Differences in the Economic Consequences of the New Accounting Standards
Abstract:
 Beginning on January 1, 2007, all Chinese-listed companies were forced to implement the new set of accounting standards released by the Ministry of Finance in 2006. Using the first-quarter data for 2007 and then conducting robust tests with annual data, the authors found empirical support for their conclusions regarding the implementation and effects of accounting standards. Based on new institutional economics theory, they concluded that when the same accounting standards were implemented throughout China, the consequences were significantly different in various regions depending on the regional level of economic development and growth rate. The study's most important contribution is its enhancement of the understanding of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implementation around the world.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-25
Issue: 5
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K608033378G1GT71
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Amir, E., and B. Lev. 1996. "Value Relevance of Non-Financial Information: The Wireless Communications Industry." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 22: 3-30.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ayers, B.C. 1998. "Deferred Tax Accounting Under SFAS No. 109: An Empirical Investigation of Its Incremental Value Relevance Relative to APB No. 11." <i>Accounting Review</i> 73: 195-212.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Barth, M. 1994. "Fair Value Accounting: Evidence from Investment Securities and Market Valuation of Banks." <i>Accounting Review</i> 69: 1-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dhaliwal, D.; K.R. Subramanyam; and R. Trezevant. 1999. "Is Comprehensive Income Superior to Net Income as a Measure of Firm Performance?" <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 26: 43-67.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Holmstrom, B. 1979. "Moral Hazard and Observability." <i>Bell Journal of Economics</i> 10: 74-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lambert, R.A., and D.F. Larcker. 1987. "An Analysis of the Use of Accounting and Market Measures of Performance in Executive Compensation Contracts." <i>Journal of Accounting Research</i> 25: 85-125.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2006, 2007. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> North, D.C. 1990. <i>Institutions, Institution Change, and Economic Performance.</i> New York: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, X., and G. Fan. 2006. "The Variant Trends of Regional Difference in China and Influence Factors in 2004." <i>Economic Research</i> 1.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xu, S., and S. Li. 2007. "The Variant Trends of Regional Difference in China in 2006." <i>Economic Research</i> 7.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>    <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Yao, L.J.; C. Liu; N. Hu; and L. Liu. 2011. "The Impact of IFRS on Accounting Quality in a Regulated Market: An Empirical Study of China." <i>Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance</i> 26, no. 4: 659-676.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>        
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:5:p:3-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Na Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Na
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Dong Li
Author-X-Name-First: Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Impact of the Securities Transaction Tax on Stock Markets
Abstract:
 This article investigates the effects of the securities transaction tax (STT) on market trading volume and return volatility using Chinese data. We found strong evidence to support a negative relationship between STT and market trading volume. The shrinking of the tax base casts doubt on the idea of using STT to increase government revenue. Furthermore, the impact of STT on market volatility is mixed. Examination of dually listed stocks in mainland China and Hong Kong further corroborates these findings.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-49
Issue: 5
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KX1Q9426713M54Q1
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Baltagi, B.; D. Li; and Q. Li. 2006. "Transaction Tax and Stock Market Behavior: Evidence from an Emerging Market." <i>Empirical Economics</i> 31, no. 2 (June): 393-408.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Campbell, J., and K. Froot. 1994. "International Experiences with Securities Transaction Taxes." In <i>The Internationalization of Equity Markets</i>, ed. J. Frankel, 277-308. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Card, D., and A. Krueger. 1994. "Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania." <i>American Economic Review</i> 84, no. 4 (September): 772-93.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Card, D., and A. Krueger. 2000. "Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply." <i>American Economic Review</i> 90, no. 5 (December): 1397-1420.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Erickson, M., and S. Wang. 2000. "The Effect of Transaction Structure on Price: Evidence from Subsidiary Sales." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 30, no. 1 (August): 59-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Graham, R.; R. Michaely; and M. Roberts. 2003. "Do Price Discreteness and Transactions Costs Affect Stock Returns? Comparing Ex-Dividend Pricing Before and After Decimalization." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 58, no. 6 (December): 2611-36.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Hau, H. 2006. "The Role of Transaction Costs for Financial Volatility: Evidence from the Paris Bourse." <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i> 4, no. 4 (June): 862-90.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hu, S. 1998. "The Effects of the Stock Transaction Tax on the Stock MarketExperiences from Asian Markets." <i>Pacific-Basin Finance Journal</i> 6, nos. 3-4 (August): 347-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jones, C., and P. Seguin. 1997. "Transaction Costs and Price Volatility: Evidence from Commission Deregulation." <i>American Economic Review</i> 84, no. 4 (September): 728-37.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Kupiec, H. 1996. "Noise Traders, Excess Volatility, and a Securities Transactions Tax." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 10, no. 2 (June): 115-29.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Li, D. 2008. "Transaction Taxes." In <i>International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences</i> (2d ed.), ed. W.A. Darity, Jr., 427-28. New York: Macmillan.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Liu, S., and Z. Zhu. 2009. "Transaction Costs and Price Volatility: New Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 36, no. 1 (August): 65-83.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Porter, L.; S. Tse.; and R. Yaansah. 2001. "The Effect of Tax Rates and Transaction Costs on the Tax Trading Option: Evidence from Stock Splits." <i>Journal of Account Audit and Finance</i> 16, no. 1 (Autumn): 27-53.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Roll, R. 1989. "Price Volatility, International Market Links, and Their Implications for Regulatory Policies." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 3, nos. 2-3 (December): 211-46.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Saporta, V., and K. Kan. 1997. "The Effects of Stamp Duty on the Level and Volatility of UK Equity Prices." Working Paper. London: Bank of England.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Schwert, W., and J. Seguin. 1993. "Securities Transaction Taxes: An Overview of Costs, Benefits, and Unresolved Questions." <i>Financial Analysts Journal</i> 49, no. 5 (September-October): 27-35.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Stiglitz, J. 1989. "Using Tax Policy to Curb Speculative Short-Term Trading." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 3, nos. 2-3 (December): 101-15.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Su, D. 2003. <i>Chinese Stock Markets: A Research Handbook.</i> Singapore: World Scientific.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Summers, L., and V. Summers. 1989. "When Financial Markets Work Too Well: A Cautious Case for a Securities Transactions Tax." <i>Journal of Financial Services Research</i> 3, nos. 2-3 (December): 261-86.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Umlauf, S. 1993. "Transaction Taxes and the Behavior of the Swedish Stock Market." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 33, no. 2 (April): 227-40.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>        
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:5:p:26-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiangjian Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiangjian
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Zongming Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Zongming
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Jun He
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Title: Impact of Macro and Firm-Specific Characteristics on Postprivatization Performance
Abstract:
 This article investigates the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) following share-issue privatization and examines how macro and firm-specific characteristics affect postprivatization performance. Our results show that the profitability of firms decreases after privatization but their output and operating efficiency increase. We found that postprivatization performance is affected by macro and micro factors. Specifically, economic growth, capital market development, institutional investors, centralized management, equity refinancing, and external audits are positively associated with postprivatization performance. However, market competition, control of large shareholders, central government control, ownership structure balance, and related-party transactions have a significantly negative impact on postprivatization performance. The findings of this article have political implications for the future direction of privatization of SOEs.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-91
Issue: 5
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=L712V27H78W41U33
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Adams, R.B.; H. Almeida; and D. Ferreira. 2005. "Powerful CEOs and Their Impact on Corporate Performance." <i>Review of Financial Studies</i> 18: 1403-32.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Allen, F.; J. Qian; and M. Qian. 2005. "Law, Finance, and Economic Growth in China." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 77: 57-116.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Atanasov, V. 2005. "How Much Value Can Blockholders Tunnel? Evidence From the Bulgarian Mass Privatization Auctions." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 76: 191-234.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bhagat, S., and B. Bolton. 2008. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 14: 257-73.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N., and J. Cosset. 1998. "The Financial and Operating Performance of Newly Privatized Firms: Evidence from Developing Countries." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 53: 1081-1110.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N.; J. Cosset; and O. Guedmani. 2005a. "Liberalization, Corporate Governance, and the Performance of Newly Privatized Firms." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 11: 767-90.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N.; J. Cosset; and O. Guedmani. 2005b. "Postprivatization Corporate Governance: The Role of Ownership Structure and Investor Protection." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 76: 369-99.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Boubakri, N.; J. Cosset; and W. Saffar. 2008. "Political Connections of Newly Privatized Firms." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 14: 654-73.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Boycko, M.; A. Shleifer; and R. Vishny. 1996. "A Theory of Privatization." <i>Economic Journal</i> 106: 309-19.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chernykh, L. 2008. "Ultimate Ownership and Control in Russia." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 88: 169-92.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Cheung, Y.L.; P.R. Rau; and A. Stouraitis. 2006. "Tunneling, Propping, and Expropriation: Evidence From Connected Party Transactions in Hong Kong." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 82: 343-86.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Claessens, S., and S. Djankov. 1999. "Enterprise Performance and Management Turnover in the Czech Republic." <i>European Economic Review</i> 43: 1115-24.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Claessens, S.; S. Djankov; J.P.H. Fan; and L.H.P. Lang. 2002. "Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 57: 2741-71.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dahya, J.; O. Dimitrov; and J.J. McConnell. 2008. "Dominant Shareholders, Corporate Boards, and Corporate Value: A Cross-Country Analysis." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 87: 73-100.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> DeFond, M.L.; T.J. Wong; and S.H. Li. 1999. "The Impact of Improved Auditor Independence on Audit Market Concentration in China." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 28: 269-305.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Djankov, S., and P. Murrell. 2002. "Enterprise Restructuring in Transition: a Quantitative Survey." <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i> 40: 739-92.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Dornbusch, R. 1992. "The Case of Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries." <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i> 6: 69-85.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> D'Souza, J., and W. Megginson. 1999. "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms During the 1990s." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 54: 1397-1438.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> D'Souza, J.; W.L. Megginson; and R. Nash. 2005. "Effect of Institutional and Firm-Specific Characteristics on Post-Privatization Performance: Evidence from Developed Countries." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 11: 747-66.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Dyck, A., and L. Zingales. 2004. "Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 59: 537-601.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Fan, J.P.H., and T.J. Wong. 2002. "Corporate Ownership Structure and the Informativeness of Accounting Earnings in East Asia." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 33: 401-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fan, G., and X. Wang. 2007. <i>NERI Index of Marketization of China's Provinces 2007 Report.</i> Beijing: Economic Science Press (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Frydman, R.; C. Gray; M. Hessel; and A. Rapaczynski. 1999. "When Does Privatization Work? The Impact of Private Ownership on Corporate Performance in Transition Economies." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 114: 1153-91.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>24</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Gillan, S.L., and L.T. Starks. 2000. "Corporate Governance Proposals and Shareholder Activism: The Role of Institutional Investors." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 57: 275-305.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Goel, A.M., and A.V. Thakor. 2008. "Overconfidence, CEO Selection, and Corporate Governance." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 63: 2737-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>          <BIBL>26</BIBL>    <BIBTEXT> Gompers, P.A.; J.L. Ishii; and A. Metrick. 2003. "Corporate Governance and Equity Prices." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 118: 107-55.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>27</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de Silanes; C. Pop-Eleches; and A. Shleifer. 2004. "Judicial Checks and Balances." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 112: 445-70.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>28</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de Silanes; A. Shleifer; and R.W. Vishny. 1998. "Law and Finance." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 106: 1113-50.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>29</BIBL>      <BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de Silanes; A. Shleifer; and R.W. Vishny. 1999. "Corporate Ownership Around the World." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 44: 471-517.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>30</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> La Porta, R.; F. Lopez de Silanes; A. Shleifer; and R.W. Vishny. 2000. "Investor Protection and Corporate Governance." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 58: 3-27.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	   <BIBL>31</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lin, C., and D. Su. 2008. "Industrial Diversification, Partial Privatization and Firm Valuation: Evidence From Publicly Listed Firms in China." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 14: 405-17.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>  <REF>	    <BIBL>32</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Lin, J.Y.; F. Cai; and Z. Li. 1998. "Competition, Policy Burdens, and State-Owned Enterprises Reform." <i>American Economic Review</i> 88: 422-27.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>33</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Q., and Z. Lu. 2007. "Corporate Governance and Earnings Management in the Chinese Listed Companies: A Tunneling Perspective." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 13: 881-906.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>34</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Megginson, W., and J. Netter. 2001. "From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization." <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i> 39: 321-89.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>35</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Pohl, G.; R. Andersen; and S. Djankov. 1997. "Privatization and Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence and Policy Options." Technical Paper no. 368. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Ramamurti, R. 2000. "A Multivariate Model of Privatization in Emerging Economies." <i>Academy of Management Review</i> 25: 525-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Rangan, S. 1998. "Earnings Management and the Performance of Seasoned Equity Offerings." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 50: 101-22.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>38</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ryan, L.V., and M. Schneider. 2002. "The Antecedents of Institutional Investor Activism." <i>Academy of Management Review</i> 27: 554-73.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>39</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Stulz, R.M. 2009. "Securities Laws, Disclosure, and National Capital Markets in the Age of Financial Globalization." <i>Journal of Accounting Research</i> 47: 349-90.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>40</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sun, Q., and W.H.S. Tong. 2003. "China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 70: 183-222.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>41</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Teoh, S.H.; I.T. Welch; and J. Wong. 1998. "Earnings Management and the Underperformance of Seasoned Equity Offerings." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 50: 63-99.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>42</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Urza, F. 2009. "Too Few Dividends? Groups' Tunneling Through Chair and Board Compensation." <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i> 15: 245-56.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>43</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> World Bank. 1995. <i>Bureaucrats in Business: The Economics and Politics of Government Ownership.</i> New York: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>44</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xiao, S. 2005. "Share Issue Privatization in China: Theory and Evidence." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>45</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xu, X., and Y. Wang. 1997. "Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Corporate Performance." Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Bank.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:5:p:50-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Monetary Theory, General Equilibrium Models, and Firm Behaviors
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P29H00J7X7LV4775
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinhua Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Xinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: L. Randall Wray
Author-X-Name-First: L. Randall
Author-X-Name-Last: Wray
Title: Lessons for China from the Crisis in Euroland
Abstract:
 Most countries have suffered from the global financial crisis. Some eurozone countries—the so-called PIIGS—are now facing debt crises that could conceivably threaten the entire euro project, a situation that has spurred the Chinese government to worry about its high governmental deficit, inflation, and a speculative boom in real estate and equities—problems that could spill over to financial institutions. This article adopts the chartalist approach in arguing that China, as a monetarily sovereign economy, does not have the same problem as the eurozone countries, despite heavy debts from state-owned enterprises. China can solve its huge foreign reserves problem by floating its exchange rate with some capital flow constraints, but the proposed supranational monetary regime is neither desirable nor politically feasible. This does not mean that excessive nonsovereign debt or speculative bubbles are not problems. However, the biggest problems facing China are uneven development, high underemployment, mostly low-income jobs available in much of the country, tight labor markets, and modern development in the major cities. China needs to focus on developing domestic demand.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-25
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8580NK824037P821
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Dai, D. H. 2010. "The Current Status of the China Holding of the U. S. Treasuries and Its Adjust Strategies." <i>International Finance</i> 4: 68-71 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Finance Sina.</i> 2010. "Local Government Debts Exceeds RMB 7 Trillion." May 21. Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/dfjj/20100512/14217922073.shtml'>http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/dfjj/20100512/14217922073.shtml</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Li, W. J. 2004. "Financial Services Liberalization in China." <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 37, no. 1: 6-37.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Liu, H. P. 2010. "The Euroland Crisis and Its Implication for China." <i>Economist</i> 9: 103-4 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Minsky, H. P. 1964. "Longer Waves in Financial Relations: Financial Factors in the More Severe Depressions." <i>American Economic Review</i> 54, no. 3: 324-35.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 1990-2010. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sardoni, C., and L. R. Wray. 2007. "Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates and Currency Sovereignty." Levy Working Papers no. 1. Levy Economics Institute at Bard College.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wray, L. R. 1998. <i>Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability.</i> UK: Edward Elgar.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wu, Q. G., and L. H. Han. 2011. "The Analysis of Euroland Crisis and Its Implications." <i>China State Finance</i> 6: 67-69 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, J. 2008. "The Dilemma of Whether to Maintain Marketization or Keep Financial Control." <i>Management World</i> 11 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Zhou, X. C. 2009. "About Reform International Currency System." <i>China State Finance</i> 7: 8-9 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:6-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Dan Xi
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Xi
Author-Name: Yongqing Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yongqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Economic and Monetary Uncertainty and the Demand for Money in China
Abstract:
 Output uncertainty and monetary uncertainty are said to affect the quantity of money demanded in every country. Increases in both measures of uncertainty could induce people to allocate different proportions of their wealth between money and other financial or real assets. We test these hypotheses by using data from China. Empirical results show that both measures of uncertainty have short-run effects on the quantity of money demanded. However, short-run effects do not last into the long term. Similar results were found for the United States in previous research.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 26-37
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G1Q18224J0418257
File-Format: text/html
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X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Arango, S., and M. I. Nadiri. 1981. "Demand for Money in Open Economies." <i>Journal of Monetary Economics</i> 7: 69-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Baharumshah, A. Z.; S. H. Mohd; and A. M. M. Masih. 2009. "The Stability of Money Demand in China: Evidence from the ARDL Model." <i>Economic Systems</i> 33: 231-44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M. 1998. "Are Devaluations Contractionary in LDCs?" <i>Journal of Economic Development</i> 23: 131-44.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and A. Gelan. 2009. "How Stable Is the Demand for Money in African Countries?" <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 36: 216-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and S. W. Hegerty. 2007. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows: A Review Article." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 34: 211-55.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and M. Pourheydarian. 1990. "Exchange Rate Sensitivity of the Demand for Money and Effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary Policies." <i>Applied Economics</i> 22: 1377-84.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and A. Tanku. 2008. "Black Market Exchange Rate vs. Official Rate in Testing the PPP: Which Rate Fosters the Adjustment Process?" <i>Economics Letters</i> 99: 40-43.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and Y. Wang. 2007. "How Stable Is the Demand for Money in China?" <i>Journal of Economic Development</i> 32, no. 1: 21-33.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M.; Z. Ardalani; and M. Bolhassani. 2010. "Exchange-Rate Volatility and U. S. Commodity Trade with the Rest of the World." <i>International Review of Applied Economics</i> 24: 511-32.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Bahmani-Oskooee, M.; C. Economidou; and G. G. Goswami. 2005. "How Sensitive Are Britain's Inpayments and Outpayments to the Value of the British Pound?" <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 32: 455-67.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Brown, R. L.; J. Durbin; and J. M. Evans. 1975. "Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relations Over Time." <i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</i> [Series B] 37: 149-63.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Chan, M. L.; W. Cheng; and R. Deaves. 1991. "Money Demand in China Revisited: Some New Empirical Evidence." <i>Journal of Asian Economics</i> 2, no. 1: 137-44.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Choi, W. G., and S. Oh. 2003. A Demand Function with Output Uncertainty, Monetary Uncertainty, and Financial Innovations." <i>Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking</i> 35, no. 5: 685-709.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> De Vita, G., and K. S. Kyaw. 2008. "Determinants of Capital Flows to Developing Countries: A Structural VAR Analysis." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 35: 304-22.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Feltenstein, A., and Z. Farhadian. 1987. "Fiscal Policy, Monetary Targets, and the Price Level in a Centrally Planned Economy: An Application to the Case of China." <i>Journal of Money, Credit and Banking</i> 19: 137-56.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hafer, R. W., and A. M. Kutan. 1994. "Economic Reform and Long Run Money Demand in China: Implications for Monetary Policy." <i>Southern Economic Journal</i> 60, no. 4: 936-45.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Halicioglu, F. 2007. "The J-Curve Dynamics of Turkish Bilateral Trade: A Cointegration Approach." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 34: 103-19.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Hsiao, Ch. 1981. "Autoregressive Modelling and Money-Income Causality Detection." <i>Journal of Monetary Economics</i> 7: 85-106.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Huang, C. 2000. "Economic Reforms and the Stability of Long-Run Demand for Money in China: Some Results from Co-Integration Tests." In <i>The Chinese Economy Under Transition</i>, ed. Sarah Cook, Shujie Yao, and Juzhong Zhuang, 276-96. New York: Palgrave Macmilan.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Huang, G. 1994. "Money Demand in China in the Reform Period: An Error Correction Model." <i>Applied Economics</i> 29: 713-19.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Lee, C., and M. Chien. 2008. "Stability of Money Demand Function Revisited in China." <i>Applied Economics</i> 40: 3185-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Ma, G. 1993. "Macroeconomic Disequilibrium, Structural Changes, and the Household Savings and Money Demand in China." <i>Journal of Development Economics</i> 41, no. 1: 115-36.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Mohammadi, H.; M. Cak; and D. Cak. 2008. "Wagner's Hypothesis: New Evidence from Turkey Using the Bounds Testing Approach." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 35: 94-106.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Mundell, A. R. 1963. "Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy Under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates." <i>Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science</i> 29 (November): 475-85.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Narayan, P. K.; S. Narayan; B. C. Prasad; and A. Prasad. 2007. "Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from Papua New Guinea and Fiji." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 34: 341-51.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>26</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Payne, J. E. 2008. "Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Evidence from the Caribbean Region." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 35: 501-11.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Pesaran, M. H.; Y. Shin; and R. J. Smith. 2001. "Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships." <i>Journal of Applied Econometrics</i> 16: 289-26.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Qin, D. 1994. "Money Demand in China: The Effect of Economic Reform." <i>Journal of Asian Economics</i> 5: 253-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Tang, T. C. 2007. "Money Demand Function for Southeast Asian Countries: An Empirical View from Expenditure Components." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 34: 476-96.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Wong, K. N., and T. C. Tang. 2008. "The Effects of Exchange Rate Variablity on Malaysia's Disaggregated Electrical Exports." <i>Journal of Economic Studies</i> 35: 154-69.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>31</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yi, G. 1993. "Towards Estimating the Demand for Money in China." <i>Economics of Planning</i> 26, no. 3: 243-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:26-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yinhua Mai
Author-X-Name-First: Yinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Mai
Author-Name: Xiujian Peng
Author-X-Name-First: Xiujian
Author-X-Name-Last: Peng
Title: Estimating China's Rural Labor Surplus
Abstract:
 China's dramatic economic growth during the past three decades has been characterized by rapid industrialization fueled by a large pool of rural surplus labor in the agricultural sector. The large-scale movement of workers from the agricultural to the industrial and service sectors raises pertinent questions about sustainability: Is there still a pool of surplus workers in rural China? If there is, how large is it, and how long can it last? These questions are debated in China. The present study contributes to the discussion by providing a quantitative framework with which to estimate the size of the surplus labor pool under various scenarios. Applying a dynamic general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy, we present our estimates of the size of the rural labor surplus from 1997 to 2005 and forecast its size from 2006 to 2015. Two scenarios are presented: one is business-as-usual, the other an accelerated improvement of labor productivity in China's agricultural sector.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-59
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1G238211511K1429
File-Format: text/html
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Cai, F. 2007. "The Myth of Surplus Labor Force in Rural China." <i>China Population Science</i> 2: 2-7.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Cai, F., and Y. Du. 2007. "China's Economic Development and Lewis Turning Point." In <i>Reports on China's Population and Labor, no. 8</i>, ed. F. Cai and M. Wang, 147-69. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> <i>China Daily.</i> 2006. "Rural Labor Shortage Beginning to Be Felt" (May 29). Available at <a target="_blank" href='http://chinadaily.com.cn'>chinadaily.com.cn</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Dixon, P. B., and M. T. Rimmer. 2002. <i>Dynamic General Equilibrium Modelling for Forecasting and Policy: A Practical Guide and Documentation of MONASH.</i> Amsterdam: North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Dixon, P. B.; B. R. Parmenter; J. Sutton; and D. P. Vincent. 1982. <i>ORANI: A Multisectoral Model of the Australian Economy.</i> Amsterdam: North-Holland.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Du, Y., and M. Wang. 2010. "A Discussion on Potential Bias and Implications of Lewis Turning Point." <i>China Economic Journal</i> 3, no. 2: 121-36.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fleisher, B. M., and D. T. Yang. 2006. "Problems of China's Rural Labor Markets and Rural-Urban Migration." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 39, no. 3: 6-25.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Golley, J., and X. Meng. 2011. "Has China Run Out of Surplus Labor?" <i>China Economic Review</i> 22, no. 4: 555-72.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Guo, J. X. 2007. "The Estimation of Surplus Labor in Chinese Agriculture in 1996-2005: A Stochastic Frontier Approach." <i>Nankai Economic Studies</i> 4: 72-81 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Knight, J.; Q. Heng; and S. Li. 2011. "The Puzzle of Migrant Labor Shortage and Rural Labor Surplus in China." <i>China Economic Review</i> 22, no. 4: 585-600.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Kwan, F. 2009. "Agricultural Labor and the Incidence of Surplus Labor: Experience from China during Reform." <i>Journal of Chinese Economy and Business Studies</i> 7, no. 3: 341-61.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Liu, J. 1997. "A Rural Household Model and Practical Research on Agricultural Surplus Labor." <i>China Rural Economy</i> 6: 15-22.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Mai, Y. 2006. "The Chinese Economy from 1997-2015: Developing a Baseline for the MC-HUGE Model." Centre of Policy Studies Working Paper no. G-161, Melbourne.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mai, Y.; X. J. Peng; P. B. Dixon; and M. T. Rimmer. 2009. "The Effects of Facilitating the Flow of Rural Labor to Urban Employment in China." Centre of Policy Studies Working Paper no. G-188, Melbourne.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 1997-2005a. <i>China Rural Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 1997-2005b. <i>Labor Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 1997-2005c. <i>Cost and Revenue of Agricultural Products in China.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Research Center for Rural Economy (RCRE). 2008. <i>China Rural Labor Migration Report—Based on the Data of 2003-2007.</i> Beijing: Ministry of Agriculture.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> United Nations Population Division. 2008. <i>World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision.</i> New York: UN Publications.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Wang, D. W. 2006. "Changes in the Relationship Between Labor Supply and Labor Demand and China's Economic Growth in the Low-Fertility Era." Working Paper no. 55. Beijing: Institute of Population and Labor Economics, CASS.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wang, J., and S. Ding. 2005. "How Many Rural Surplus Laborers Does China Have?" <i>China Social Science</i> 5: 27-35.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Z. 1995. "Estimation of Reasonable Quantity of China's Agricultural Labor." <i>China Rural Economy</i> 12. 10: 50-53.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Z. 2005. "Statistical Analysis on the Quantity of Rural Migrant Workers—Discussion on the Shortage of Rural Migrant Workers." <i>China Rural Economy</i> 1: 17-25.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:38-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena Fernández-Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-Rodríguez
Author-Name: Antonio Martínez-Arias
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Arias
Title: Do Business Characteristics Determine an Effective Tax Rate?
Abstract:
 This article conducts a comparative analysis of the tax burden for listed companies in China and the United States and studies the factors that determine the effective tax rate (ETR). Information from the financial statements of sample companies in the Datastream/Worldscope database is used to calculate the corporate tax burden in these two geographical areas. The application of panel data estimation procedures finds (1) that U.S. companies have significantly higher ETRs than Chinese companies, and (2) that the tax burden is determined by the characteristics of each company (size, capital structure, asset mix, profitability) and the tax policy of the government. The main contribution of this article is its finding of a nonlinear relationship between ETR and size, leverage, and capital intensity. The simultaneous consideration of two geographical areas is also a new approach.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 60-83
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H878V5335301558R
File-Format: text/html
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"Measuring Explicit Tax (Dis)Advantage for Corporate Taxpayers: An Alternative to Average Effective Tax Rates." <i>Journal of the American Taxation Association</i> 15, no. 1: 46-71.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>    <REF>	<BIBL>41</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zimmerman, J. L. 1983. "Taxes and Firm Size." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 5, no. 2: 119-49.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:60-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bi-Huei Tsai
Author-X-Name-First: Bi-Huei
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai
Title: Political Interference and Earnings Manipulation in Chinese Firms
Abstract:
 Mainland China's economic system is in transition from a socialist system to a free economy. Chinese market standards tend to mirror those of developed countries, but unlike companies in developed markets, Chinese firms lack monitoring functions and are subject to strong political interference. The managers of firms with substantial state ownership are often designated by the state and are under strong pressure to comply with government requests for funds even when this is not in the company's interest. As this article illustrates, managers of Chinese listed firms offer rights issues to public shareholders and then transfer the proceeds to the state by distributing cash dividends. Firm income is often falsified in the financial statements issued before the rights-issue offering. During the three years prior to a rights issue, the gains from long-term investment, nonoperating income and revenue from related-party sales appear to be higher than would be expected. This implies that earnings are deliberately inflated before rights issues to meet profitability requirements set by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and implicates state ownership. Because the government has strong influence on the authorizing banks, firms with greater state ownership are less likely to manipulate earnings before rights issues.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 84-102
Issue: 6
Volume: 45
Year: 2012
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2V71WLU035250238
File-Format: text/html
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       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aharnoy, J.; J. Lee; and T. J. Wong. 1999. "Financial Packaging of IPO Firms in China." <i>Journal of Accounting Research</i> 38: 103-26.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bae, K.-H.; J.-K. Kang; and J.-M. Kim. 2002. "Tunneling or Value-Added? Evidence from Mergers by Korean Business Groups." <i>Journal of Finance</i> 57: 2695-2740.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Blair, M. M. 1995. <i>Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century.</i> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, C.-H., and H.-L. Wu. 2008. "Fiscal Structures and Regional Economic Growth: Evidence from China's Fiscal Contract System." <i>Journal of Developing Areas</i> 41, no. 2: 119-35.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, C. J. P.; S. Chen; and X. Su. 2001. 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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:45:y:2012:i:6:p:84-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: China's Agriculture, Urban System, Firm Competitiveness, and Inequality
Abstract:
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=C3106306G5858010
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:       
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuchu Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xuchu
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Ke Shao
Author-X-Name-First: Ke
Author-X-Name-Last: Shao
Author-Name: Qiao Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Qiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Author-Name: Hongdong Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Hongdong
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Jia Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Jia
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Zuhui Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Zuhui
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Title: Entry of Chinese Small Farmers into Big Markets
Abstract:
 Over the past thirty years, reforms in China have pushed forward the integral development of the economy and opened up agriculture to modernization. Small farmers who obtained independent production and operating rights during the reform period must now confront the pressure of market competition. The "Investor-Owned Firm (IOF) + farmers" mode or leading-enterprises-led mode has pioneered agricultural industrialization in China. However, it has some limitations in terms of contract instability and its inability to ensure farmers' rights and interests. At the same time, cooperative organizations of small farmers have been legally accepted and supported by the government and are developing rapidly. In this article, we analyze the alternative modes of agricultural industrialization, especially the effectiveness and limitations of farmer cooperatives. We find that farmer cooperatives are going to play a more and more important role in the foreseeable future, while the leading-enterprises-led mode will also persist as a key contract form in agricultural industrialization.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W16X21R4Q500R4U7
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
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"The Evolution and Innovation of Rural Economic Organizational Forms: Investigation Report on Agricultural Industrialization in Laiyang, Shandong, China." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 1: 69-75, 83-94.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>66</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhu, H. 2008. "On the Development of Agricultural Industrialization in China." <i>Modern Economic Research</i> 8: 56-58.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>67</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zou, Z. 2007. "The Status Quo and Development Strategy of Agricultural Industrialization in China." <i>Development Research</i> 3: 60-62.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:7-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Shi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Dayton Lambert
Author-X-Name-First: Dayton
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambert
Author-Name: Sishu Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Sishu
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Zhigang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhigang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Effects of Agricultural Subsidy Policies on Comparative Advantage and Production Protection in China
Abstract:
 China has recently implemented a series of agricultural policy reforms to expand its agricultural sector and increase farm income. Subsidies supporting agricultural sector growth are the favored policy even though they are known to exert a distorting effect on markets. Using a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) model, we estimated the extent to which subsidies have distorted domestic markets and whether they have positively influenced China's comparative advantages in crop production and increased farm income. Results suggest that the effective protection of soybean and corn production has not significantly enhanced comparative advantage with respect to these commodities, while the effective protection of production factors used to produce wheat increased comparative advantage in wheat production.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 20-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5H346TW2Q56WM167
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Ballard, C. L.; J. B. Shoven; and J. Whalley. 1985. "General Equilibrium Computations of the Marginal Welfare Costs of Taxes in the United States." <i>American Economic Review</i> 75: 128-38.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Beghin, J. 1994. "Prototype CGE Model for the Trade and Environment Program: Technical Specification." Paris: OECD Development Center.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Bergman, L. 1990. <i>The Development of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, General Equilibrium Modeling and Economics Policy Analysis.</i> Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Brean, D. 2011. "Middle Kingdom—China's Newfound Place on the World Stage." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 4: 7-19.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Corden, W. M. 1974. <i>Trade Policy and Economic Welfare.</i> Oxford: Clarendon Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fang, C., and J. C. Beghin. 2000. "Food Self-Sufficiency, Comparative Advantage and Agricultural Trade: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Chinese Agriculture." Working paper no. 99-WP223: 1-23. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development and Department of Economics, Iowa State University.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Fu, X. Z., and M. L. Hou. 2008. "Study of China's Current Food Subsidy Policy." <i>Academic Exchange</i> 9: 68-72.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Hertel, T. W. 1985. "Partial vs. General Equilibrium Analysis and Choice of Functional Form: Implications for Policy Modeling." <i>Journal of Policy Modeling</i> 7, no. 2: 281-303.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Huang, J. K., and N. H. Li. 2003. "An Analyzing and Predicting Model of Chinese Agricultural Policy: CAPSiM." <i>Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University</i> 2, no. 3: 30-41 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jorgenson, D., and P. Wilcoxen. 1990. "Global Change, Energy Prices and U. S. Economic Growth." Discussion paper no. 1511. Harvard Institute of Economic Research.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Lan, Q. X. 2004a. "Evidence Analysis of the Effect Produced by China's Agriculture Policy." <i>Academic Research</i> 2: 28-31 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Lan, Q. X. 2004b. "The Comparative Advantage of Our Agriculture and the Application of the PAM Model." <i>Zhejiang Social Sciences</i> 5: 18-23 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Mbiha, R.R; F. M. Turuka; A. E. Temu; N. S. Y. Mdoe; and M. E. Mlabiti. 1998. "Comparative Economic Advantage Analysis of Alternative Agricultural Production Options in Tanzania." Technical paper no. 102. Washington, DC: USAID.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mohanty, S.; C. Fang; and J. Chandhary. 2002. "Assessing the Competitiveness of Indian Cotton Production: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach." Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Mon, A. A.; T. Kyi; and D. Kyaw. 2002. "Comparative Advantage of Black Gram and Green Gram in Myanmar." Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Monke, E. A., and S. R. Pearson. 1989. <i>The Policy Analysis Matrix for Agricultural Development.</i> Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 1978-2009. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Pearson, S. R. 1981. <i>Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economies.</i> Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Scarf, H. 1967. "On the Computation of Equilibrium Price." In <i>Ten Economic Studies in the Tradition of Irving Fisher</i>, ed. W. J. Feller, 208-30. New York: Wiley.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Wang, X. 2010. "Analysis of China's Agricultural Subsidy Policy." <i>Agricultural Technology and Equipment</i> 4: 27-29 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wang, L., and L. Y. Ren. 2010. "Comparison, Reference and Countermeasures of Western and Eastern Countries' Food Policies." <i>Rural Economy and Science-Technology</i> 6: 15-17 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Wang, Y. X., and Y. Y. Mu. 2009. "The Implementation and Adjustment of China's Agricultural Policy After Joining in the WTO." <i>Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin</i> 6: 278-84 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Wu, C. 2011. "Economic Freedom, Economic Growth, and China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 5: 104-20.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Xiao, G. A. 2005. "An Economic Approach to the Direct Subsidization Policy for Grains in China." <i>Chinese Rural Economy</i> 3: 12-17 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Xiao, H. F.; R. F. Li; and J. Wang. 2005. "Farmers' Expectation and Assessment of Food's Direct Subsidy Policy: Based on a Survey Study in Henan and Liaoning." <i>Chinese Rural Economy</i> 3: 18-23, 43 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>26</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Xu, C. P.; Q. H. Shi; and H. H. Wang. 2009. "The Impact of Rural Taxation Reform on Farm Household Income: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta." <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 4: 75-90.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Xu, Z. G.; F. N. Zhong; and L. B. Fu. 2000. "The Domestic Resource Costs and Comparative Advantages of Chinese Agricultural Products." <i>Journal of Agritechnical Economics</i> 4: 1-6 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Yang, H. Q.; X. F. Wang; and Y. L. Zhang. 2009. "Discussion About China's Current Food Subsidy Policy." <i>Seed Industry Guide</i> 7: 9-11 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Yu, A. Z. 2006. "Quantitative Analysis of Chinese Agricultural Policy Effect in Recent Years: Based on Policy Analysis Matrix Approach" (in Chinese). Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, China.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhao, H. D. 2007. "Assessment of China's Agricultural Subsidy Policy's Effects." <i>Theory Horizon</i> 12: 76-78 (in Chinese).</BIBTEXT>      </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:20-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhenpo Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenpo
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Jiangnan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Jiangnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: Evolution of China's City-Size Distribution
Abstract:
 This article studies the evolution of China's city-size distribution, as measured by its nonagricultural population, from 1949 to 2008. The robustness of the findings was checked by means of time-series Gini coefficients, panel unit root tests for Gibrat's law, and analysis of distribution dynamics. Although China's city-size distribution presented different patterns of growth in the short run, it has shown an approximately parallel-growth model in the long run. This indicates that the parallel growth rule of city-size distribution also applies to developing countries, though it might work differently there. In countries with relatively mature and complete urban systems, parallel growth results from similar growth rates in all the cities. In developing countries experiencing rapid urbanization, parallel growth mainly results from the emergence and rise of a large number of new cities, offseting the fast growth rate of large cities. This demonstrates that government policy intended to affect city size may be misleading.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D922443358741088
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Anderson, G., and Y. Ge. 2004. "Do Economic Reforms Accelerate Urban Growth? The Case of China." <i>Urban Studies</i> 41, no. 11: 2197-210.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Bhargava, A. 1986. "On the Theory of Testing for Unit Roots in Observed Time Series." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 53: 369-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Black, D. B., and J. V. Henderson. 1999. "A Theory of Urban Growth." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 107: 252-84.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Brakman, S.; H. Garretsen; and C. V. Marrewijk. 2001. <i>An Introduction to Geographical Economics: Trade, Location and Growth.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chang, L. T. 2009. <i>Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China.</i> New York: Spiegel & Grau.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Clark, S. J., and J. C. Stabler. 1991. "Gibrat's Law and the Growth of Canadian Cities." <i>Urban Studies</i> 28, no. 4: 635-39.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Davis, J. C., and J. V. Henderson. 2003. "Evidence on the Political Economy of the Urbanization Process." <i>Journal of Urban Economics</i> 53: 98-125.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Dickey, D. A., and W. A. Fuller 1979. "Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root." <i>Journal of the American Statistical Association</i> 74: 427-31.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Ding, C., and X. Zhao. 2011. "Assessment of Urban Spatial-Growth Patterns in China during Rapid Urbanization." <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 1: 46-71.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Eaton, J., and Z. Eckstein. 1997. "Cities and Growth: Theory and Evidence from France and Japan." <i>Regional Science and Urban Economics</i> 27: 443-74.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Gabaix, X. 1999. "Zipf's Law for Cities: An Explanation. <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> 114: 739-67.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Gibrat, R. 1931. <i>Les inégalités économiques, applications: aux inégalités des richesses, à la concentration des entreprises, aux populations des villes, aux statistiques des familles, etc. D'Une loi nouvelle, la loi de l'effet proportionnel.</i> Paris: Librairie du Recueil Sirey.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Guo, C. Z.; K. Ling; X. C. Bai; and Z. Y. Jin. 2004. "Patterns of Urban Growth: Empirical Evidences from China." <i>Statistical Studies</i> (Tongji yanjiu) 9: 26-32.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Im, K. S.; M. H. Pesaran; and Y. Shin. 2003. "Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels." <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> 115: 53-74.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Krugman, P. 1996. "Confronting the Mystery of Urban Hierarchy." <i>Journal of the Japanese and International Economies</i> 10: 399-418.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Levin, A.; C. F. Lin; and C. S. J. Chu. 2002. "Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties." <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> 108: 1-24.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, Q., and J. S. Racine. 2007. <i>Nonparametric Econometrics Theory and Practice.</i> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lu, M., and Z. Chen. 2006. "Urbanization, Urban-Biased Policies, and Urban-Rural Inequality in China, 1987-2001." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 39, no. 3: 42-63.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Madden, C. J. 1956. "Some Indicators of Stability in the Growth of Cities in the United States." <i>Economic Development and Cultural Change</i> 4: 236-252.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Mills, E. S., and B. W. Hamilton. 1989. <i>Urban Economics.</i> Glenview, IL: Pearson Scott Foresman.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 1999. <i>New Chinese Cities 50 Years (1949-1989).</i> Beijing: Xinhua Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2000-2010. <i>Chinese Urban Statistical Yearbooks 1999-2009.</i> Beijing: Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2011. <i>Chinese Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Quah, D. 1993. "Empirical Cross-Section Dynamics in Economic Growth." <i>European Economic Review</i> 37: 426-34.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Rosen, K. T., and M. Resnick. 1980. "The Size Distribution of Cities: An Examination of the Pareto Law and Primacy." <i>Journal of Urban Economics</i> 8: 165-86.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>26</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Sargan, J. D., and A. Bhargava. 1983. "Testing Residuals from Least Squares Regressions for Being Generated by the Gaussian Random Walk." <i>Econometrica</i> 51: 153-74.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Sharma, S. 2003. "Persistence and Stability in City Growth." <i>Journal of Urban Economics</i> 53: 300-320.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Simon, H. A. 1955. "On a Class of Skew Distribution Functions." <i>Biometrika</i> 42: 425-40.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Song, S., and K. H. Zhang. 2002. "Urbanization and City Size Distribution in China." <i>Urban Studies</i> 39, no. 12: 2317-27.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Soo, K. T. 2005. "Zipf's Law for Cities: A Cross-Country Investigation." <i>Regional Science and Urban Economics</i> 35: 239-63.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>     <REF>	    <BIBL>31</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Sun, P. S. 1984. "Changes of Chinese Urban Population Scale." <i>Acta Geographica Sinica</i> 39, no. 4: 345-58.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Tiffen, M. 2003. "Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Agriculture, Urbanization and Income Growth." <i>World Development</i> 31, no. 8: 1343.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Wang, F. 2000. <i>Sustainable Development of Chinese Urbanization.</i> Beijing: Science Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Wang, J.; A. Koizumi; and X. Liu. 2008. "Advancing Sustainable Urban Development in China." <i>Municipal Engineer</i> 161, no. 1: 3-10.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>35</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Wang, R., and Y. Ye. 2004. "Eco-City Development in China." <i>Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment</i> 33, no. 6: 341-42.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Xu, X. Q. 1982. "Evolution and Prediction of Chinese City-Township System." <i>Journal of Sun Yansen University (Philosophy)</i> 3: 40-49.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Xu, Z., and N. Zhu. 2008 "Urban Growth Determinants in China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 1: 7-35.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>38</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zipf, G. K. 1949. <i>Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology.</i> Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>39</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhou, Y. B. 2009. "Urbanization, Rural-Urban Income Gap, and Overall Income Inequality in China-An Empirical Test of the Inverse U Hypothesis." <i>China Economics Quarterly</i> 8, no. 4: 1239-56.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>40</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhou, Y. X. 1986. "Review of Changes in Chinese City—Town Rank System and Their Provincial Geographical Type" (Woguo chengzhen dengji tixi biandong de huigu jiqi shengqu diyu leixing). <i>Acta Geographica Sinica</i> 2: 97-111.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:38-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanyan Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Yanyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Zhibiao Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhibiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Jianghuai Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Jianghuai
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Title: Technological Capacity, Product Position, and Firm Competitiveness
Abstract:
 Using firm-level data from a 2009 survey conducted in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, this article examines the impact of technological capacity and value-chain position on a firm's product competitiveness. Technological capacity and product competitiveness are self-assessed relative to other firms and products in the same industry. Position on the value chain is measured relative to a firm's position as an original-brand manufacturer or not. Our empirical results show that competitiveness rises with a firm's technological capacity and its position on the global value chain. This finding is consistent with the theoretical prediction. The article also investigates the determinants of technological capacity and value-chain position, including the firm's size, research and development (R&D) spending, location dummies, educational level of technical and managerial personnel, wages of technical and managerial personnel, and enterprise ownership. Bootstrapping, probit, and linear probability regression models are employed. of technical and managerial personnel, and enterprise ownership. Bootstrapping, probit, and linear probability regression models are employed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 55-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=DN52693528840W41
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Aghion, P.; N. Bloom; R. Blundell; R. Griffith; and P. Howitt. 2001. "Empirical Estimates of the Relationship Between Product Market Competition and Innovation." Working paper. London: University College.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> An, T. L. 2003. "Technological Selection of Chinese Enterprises." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 7: 16-48.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Arndt, S. W., and H. Kierzkowski. 2001. <i>Fragmentation: New Production Patterns in the World Economy.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chernick, M. R. 2008. <i>Bootstrap Methods: A Guide for Practitioners and Researchers</i>, 2d ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> DeFond, M. L., and C. W. Park. 1999. "The Effect of Competition on CEO Turnover." <i>Journal of Accounting and Economics</i> 27: 35-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Efron, B. 1982. <i>The Jackknife, the Bootstrap, and Other Resampling Plans.</i> Philadelphia: SIAM.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Efron, B., and R. Tibshirani. 1986. "Bootstrap Methods for Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and Other Measures of Statistical Accuracy." <i>Statistical Science</i> 1: 54-75.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Feenstra, R. C. 1998. "Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy." <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i> 4: 31-50.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gereffi, G. 1999. "International Trade and Industrial Upgrading in the Apparel Commodity Chains." <i>Journal of International Economics</i> 48: 37-70.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Gereffi, G. 2001. "Beyond the Producer-Driven/Buyer-Driven Dichotomy—The Evolution of Global Value Chains in the Internet Era." <i>IDS Bulletin</i> 3: 30-40.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Hu, Zh.; J. Zheng; and J. Wang. 2011. "Impact of Industrial Linkages on Firm Performance in Development Zones: The Case of Jiangsu Province." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 2: 78-105.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Javorcik, B. S., and M. Spatareanu. 2008. "Share or Not to Share: Does Local Participation Matter for Spillovers from Foreign Direction Investment?" <i>Journal of Development Economics</i> 85: 194-217.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Jiang, R., and L. R. Chen. 2007. "Empirical Analysis of Product Market Competition Governance Effect: A Perspective of CEO Alternation." <i>Economic Science</i> 2: 102-11.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Jin, B. 2001. "On Nature of Enterprises' Competitive Power." <i>China Industrial Economy</i> 10: 5-10.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Johansson, H., and L. Nilsson. 1997. "Export Processing Zones as Catalysts." <i>World Development</i> 25: 2115-28.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Joint Research Center for Changjiang Delta. 2008. <i>Yearbook of Changjiang Delta Development.</i> Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Lai, M. Y., Q. Bao; S. J. Peng; and X. Zhang. 2005. "An Essay on Absorptive Capability and Technology Spillover of Foreign Direct Investment." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 8: 95-105.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Li, G. 2007. "New Perspective of Firm's Competitiveness Study: Firm Competition on Product Market and Element Market." <i>China Industrial Economy</i> 1: 61-67.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Liu, Z. B. 2007. "Promotion of Chinese Export-Oriented Economic Strategy in GVC." <i>Economic Issues in China</i> 1: 9-17.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Liu, Z. B., and F. X. Wu. 2006. "Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production." <i>Social Science in China</i> 2: 80-92.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Liu Z. B.; F. X. Jiang; and E. P. Lu. 2003. "Capital Structure and Competition in Product Market." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 7: 60-67.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Lu, F. 2004. "Intra Product Division: An Analytical Framework." Draft for Discussion Series of China Center for Economic Research (CCER), no. C2004005.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> National Bureau of Statistics. 2008. <i>2008 China Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Parrino, R. 1997. "CEO Turnover and Outside Succession: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i> 2: 165-97.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Ping, X. Q. 2007. "Analysis of FDI Spillover Effect on Chinese Firms." <i>Journal of World Economy</i> 8: 3-13.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>26</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Porter M. E. 2002. <i>The Competitive Advantage of Nations.</i> Beijing: Huaxia Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>27</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Raith, M. 2003. "Competition, Risk and Managerial Incentives." <i>American Economic Review</i> 93: 1425-36.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>28</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Schmidt, K. 1997. "Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition." <i>Review of Economic Studies</i> 64: 191-213.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>29</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Simar, L., and P. Wilson. 2007. "Estimation and Inference in Two-Stage, Semi-Parametric Models of Production Processes." <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> 136: 31-64.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>30</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Sun, S. 2011. "Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers in China's Manufacturing Sector." <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 44, no. 2: 25-42.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>     <REF>	    <BIBL>31</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Suzhou Statistics Bureau. 2008. <i>Suzhou 2008 Statistical Yearbook.</i> Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>32</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wu Y. S. 2006, June 15. "A Comparison Between Nanjing Manufacturing Industry and That of Yangtze River Delta." <a target="_blank" href='http://msstat.org/stat/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleTD=2429'>http://msstat.org/stat/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleTD=2429</a></BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>33</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Yuan C., and T. Lu. 2005. "FDI and Managerial Knowledge Spillover—Evidence from Entrepreneurs in China's Private Sector." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 3: 69-70.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	 <REF>	 <BIBL>34</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Zhang, H. 2006. "The Dynamics Model of Global Value Chain and Industry Development Strategy." <i>China Industrial Economy</i> 1: 40-48.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>35</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Zh., and K. H. Zhang. 2007. "China's Industrial Competiveness in the World." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 40, no. 6: 6-23.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>36</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zheng J. H.; Y. Y. Gao; and X. W. Hu. 2008. "Firm Concentration, Technology Promotion and Economic Performance." <i>Economic Research Journal</i> 5: 33-46.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>37</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhong, C. B. 2006. "Horizontal and Vertical Spillover of FDI in China's Electronic Industry." <i>Journal of World Economy</i> 11: 62-70.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:55-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuo Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Ming Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Title: Income-Related Inequality in Self-Assessments of Health Status in Shanghai
Abstract:
 This study applies the concentration-index methodology to adult respondents of a unique household survey recently conducted in Shanghai to quantify income-related inequality in self-assessed health status and its avoidable component. Clustered random sampling was used to produce a citywide representative sample. A continuous measure of latent health was generated based on the predicted values from an ordinal probit model with the categorical response of self-assessed health status as the dependent variable. The concentration index is estimated as 0.06 and the percentage of its avoidable component is roughly 72 percent. Hence there is room for social welfare programs to intervene and reduce income-related health inequalities in Shanghai.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V5368566460P5RX3
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
X-Bibl:
       <REF>	    <BIBL>1</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Bao, X.; H.-G. Fung; and X. Zhao. 2008. "Cost Sharing in the Urban Health Care Insurance System in China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 5: 6-21.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>2</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Chen, Z. 2007. CONCINDC: Stata Module to Calculate Concentration Index with Both Individual and Grouped Data. <i>Statistical Software Components.</i> Boston College, Department of Economics.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>       <BIBL>3</BIBL>     <BIBTEXT> Chen, Z., and K. Roy. 2009. "Calculating Concentration Index with Repetitive Values of Indicators of Economic Welfare." <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 28, no. 1: 169-75.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	<REF>	 <BIBL>4</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Chen, Z.; D. B. Eastwood; and S. T. Yen. 2007. "A Decade's Story of Childhood Malnutrition Inequality in China: Where You Live Does Matter." <i>China Economic Review</i> 18, no. 2: 139-54.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>5</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Chen, Z.; S. T. Yen; and D. B. Eastwood. 2010. "Changing Health Inequality in China: The Role of Relative Income." In <i>Investing in Human Capital for Economic Development in China</i>, ed. G. G. Liu, S. Zhang, and Z. Zhang, 261-76 [chap. 15]. Singapore: World Scientific Press.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>	<BIBL>6</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Kakwani, N. C.; A. Wagstaff; and E. van Doorslaer. 1997. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: Measurement, Computation, and Statistical Inference." <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> 77, no. 1: 87-103.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>       <REF>	<BIBL>7</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Keppel, K.; E. Pamuk; J. Lynch; O. Carter-Pokras; I. Kim; V. Mays; J. Pearcy; V. Schoenbach; and J. S. Weissman. 2005. "Methodological Issues in Measuring Health Disparities." <i>Vital Health Statistics</i> 2, no. 141: 1-16.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>	<REF>	     <BIBL>8</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Koolman, X., and E. van Doorslaer. 2004. "On the Interpretation of a Concentration Index of Inequality." <i>Health Economics</i> 13, no. 7: 649-56.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>9</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li, H., and G. H. Chang. 2008. "Disparity in Health Resource Allocation Between Rural and Urban Areas in China: Is It Getting Worse?" <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 6: 45-55.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>10</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Li, J.; K. Zhang; and L. Tian. 2006. "Multiple Facets of China's Health Inequality." <i>Lancet</i> 367, no. 9520: 1397.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>11</BIBL>	   <BIBTEXT> Lindelow, M., and A. Wagstaff. 2005. "Health Shocks in China: Are the Poor and Uninsured Less Protected?" World Bank working paper no. WPS 3740.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>12</BIBL>         <BIBTEXT> Liu, L. 2008. "Gender Difference of Health Status in the Aging Population of Urban China." <i>The Chinese Economy</i> 41, no. 1: 58-71.</BIBTEXT>	    </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>13</BIBL>	 <BIBTEXT> Qian, J. 2010. "Regional Inequality in Healthcare in China." <i>East Asian Policy</i> 2, no. 4: 86-95.</BIBTEXT>	 </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>14</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> <i>Shanghai Statistical Yearbook.</i> 2005. Beijing: China Statistics Press.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>15</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> van Doorslaer, E., and A. M. Jones. 2003. "Inequalities in Self-Reported Health: Validation of A New Approach to Measurement." <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 22, no. 1: 61-87.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF> <BIBL>16</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> van Doorslaer, E.; A. Wagstaff; H. Bleichrodt; S. Calonge; U. G. Gerdtham; M. Gerfin; J. Geurts; L. Gross; U. Hakkinen; R. E. Leu; O. O'Donnell; C. Propper; F. Puffer; M. Rodriguez; G. Sundberg; and O. Winkelhake. 1997. "Income-Related Inequalities in Health: Some International Comparisons." <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 16, no. 1: 93-112.</BIBTEXT>	</REF>	    <REF>	 <BIBL>17</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wagstaff, A., and E. van Doorslaer. 1994. "Measuring Inequalities in Health in the Presence of Multiple-Category Morbidity Indicators." <i>Health Economics</i> 3, no. 4: 281-91.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	   <REF>        <BIBL>18</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wagstaff, A., and E. van Doorslaer. 2000. "Income Inequality and Health: What Does the Literature Tell Us?" <i>Annual Review of Public Health</i> 21, no. 1: 543-67.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>19</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Wagstaff, A.; E. van Doorslaer; and P. Paci. 1989. "Equity in the Finance and Delivery of Health Care: Some Tentative Cross-Country Comparisons." <i>Oxford Review of Economic Policy</i> 5, no. 1: 89-112.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	   <BIBL>20</BIBL>       <BIBTEXT> Wang, H.; T. Xu; and J. Xu. 2007. "Factors Contributing to High Costs and Inequality in China's Health Care System." <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i> 298, no. 16: 1928-30.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	<BIBL>21</BIBL>        <BIBTEXT> Xu, K. T. 2006. "State-Level Variations in Income-Related Inequality in Health and Health Achievement in the U. S." <i>Social Science & Medicine</i> 63, no. 2: 457-64.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>22</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhang, Q., and Y. Wang. 2007. "Using Concentration Index to Study Changes in Socio-Economic Inequality of Overweight among U. S. Adolescents Between 1971 and 2002." <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i> 36, no. 4: 916-25.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>	  <REF>        <BIBL>23</BIBL>	      <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Z. 2005. "Health Determinants in Urban China." Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). IZA discussion paper no. 1835.</BIBTEXT>	  </REF>      <REF>	    <BIBL>24</BIBL>	  <BIBTEXT> Zhao, Z. 2006. "Income Inequality, Unequal Health Care Access, and Mortality in China." <i>Population and Development Review</i> 32, no. 3: 461-83.</BIBTEXT>      </REF>      <REF>	  <BIBL>25</BIBL>	<BIBTEXT> Zhao, H., and X. Feng. 2010. "Health-Care Reform in China." <i>Chinese Economy</i> 42, no. 3: 31-36.</BIBTEXT>	   </REF>
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:1:p:75-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: New Markets, New Developments, New Challenges
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H947662317686862
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Derrick Tzau
Author-X-Name-First: Derrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Tzau
Author-Name: Jot Yau
Author-X-Name-First: Jot
Author-X-Name-Last: Yau
Title: Offshore Renminbi-Denominated Bonds
Abstract: 
 China, the second-largest economy in the world after the United States, has started the process of internationalizing its currency, the renminbi (RMB), to make it a global reserve currency. To this end, an offshore market for RMB-denominated bonds (dim sum bonds) has been established in Hong Kong to promote the use of the RMB in investments outside China. This market has grown rapidly to over RMB186.8 billion with 329 issues in less than five years. It is likely that the dim sum bond market will continue to grow because of China's efforts to internationalize its currency as a national policy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-28
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=26R086W5013T0774
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:6-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marilyne Huchet-Bourdon
Author-X-Name-First: Marilyne
Author-X-Name-Last: Huchet-Bourdon
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Title: Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Trade Flows Between the United States and China
Abstract: 
 This article assesses the impact of the RMB-dollar exchange rate and volatility on U.S. agricultural exports to and imports from China. Two measures of volatility are employed: one based on the moving standard deviation of the real RMB-dollar rate, the other a GARCH-based measure which yields more significant results. We find that exchange rate volatility has a significantly positive long-run effect only on export earnings of the nonagricultural sector. On the other hand, depreciation of the dollar has an expected long-run effect on the import value of the nonagricultural sector and on export earnings of the agricultural sector. No matter which model we consider, the level of economic activity in both countries seems to be the major long-run determinant of trade flows in both directions.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 29-53
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V4534U6361U12343
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:29-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gene Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Gene
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Changliu Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Changliu
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Kathryn Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Bhuiyan Alam
Author-X-Name-First: Bhuiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Alam
Title: Land Prices and Intracountry Industrial Relocation in China
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the major role of high land prices in the current massive intracountry industrial relocation from coastal to inland areas in China. A conceptual model is developed to explore the causalities of urban expansion, land prices, and coastal-to-inland business relocation. It demonstrates that relocation is mainly driven by high land prices resulting from urban expansion. Research is based on in-depth field studies of several representative relocated firms in the Yangtze Delta area. The findings derived from the case studies support the theoretical model and empirically validate the hypothesis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 54-73
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5573HN1322712210
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:54-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Penelope B. Prime
Author-X-Name-First: Penelope B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Prime
Author-Name: Li Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Title: Determinants of Firm Leverage
Abstract: 
 Using a large survey sample of manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2006, the majority of them not listed on either stock exchange, we studied financing behavior in China and tested a series of hypotheses about the determinants of firm leverage as derived from the pecking-order theory. Overall our results show that the theory well explains private firm financing where the amount of leverage is negatively related to profits, liquidity, and age, and positively related to firm size and average leverage ratio. However, different ownership types and firms located in different market environments do not have the same determinants of leverage, and their financing behavior is not well explained by the pecking-order theory. This suggests that China's economic and financial reforms have not yet been completed.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 74-106
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=X4K21X1546R6401K
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:74-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pi-Chi Han
Author-X-Name-First: Pi-Chi
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Title: Confucian Leadership and the Rising Chinese Economy
Abstract: 
 Since the 1990s, China's burgeoning economy has drawn worldwide attention. Much economic research has focused on the formative role of Confucianism in the development of Chinese culture and its ongoing influence in motivating Chinese leaders past and present. Analysis of Confucianism illuminates its relationship to the rising Chinese economy. The discussion in this article conceptualizes the Confucian notion of leadership, proposes that the culture of Confucian leadership is a primary reason for the impressive growth of the Chinese economy, and offers Confucian-based suggestions for the further development of the knowledge base of leaders worldwide.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 107-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=020983044334H670
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:107-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Inequality Among Cities, Business Cycles, and the Copper Futures Market
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5
Issue: 3
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=E3U0R12H50G5G4H7
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yinghua Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Yinghua
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Author-Name: Leng Ling
Author-X-Name-First: Leng
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling
Author-Name: Hongfeng Peng
Author-X-Name-First: Hongfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Peng
Author-Name: Pingping Song
Author-X-Name-First: Pingping
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Fiscal Decentralization and Horizontal Fiscal Inequality in China
Abstract: 
 If fiscal decentralization reform and unbalanced economic growth increase horizontal fiscal inequality across China, this may deteriorate public services in underfunded regions and slow down economic growth and urbanization in the long run. Our study investigated the inequality of fiscal expenditures in metropolitan areas in China during the period 1999-2008. Although fiscal inequality increased before 2001, we found that a decreasing pattern was evident afterward. We also found that while revenue inequality was highly correlated with observed disparities in expenditures, inequality of transfers from central and provincial governments also contributed, although to a smaller extent. Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces in China, surprisingly had the highest level of intraprovincial fiscal inequality.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-22
Issue: 3
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 5
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:6-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Zhai
Author-X-Name-First: Xue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhai
Author-Name: Zhongyuan Geng
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Geng
Author-Name: Xue Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Xue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Two-Stage Dynamic Test of The Determinants of the Long-Run Decline of China's Monetary Velocity
Abstract: 
 The Engle-Granger two-step method is used to test the determinants of the long-run decline of China's monetary velocity based on two stages (1978-1992 and 1993-2008). High growth of household savings and economic monetization have significant effects on monetary velocity, but interest rates and inflation rates do not. Foreign exchange reserves did not significantly affect monetary velocity in the period 1978-1992, but were significant from 1993 to 2008. The high growth in household savings, economic monetization, and amount of foreign exchange reserves had a greater effect in the second period than the first, earlier period. This was most likely due to the rapid increase in household precautionary savings, the quick monetization of factor markets, and the growing effect of funds outstanding for foreign exchange on the monetary base since 1993. The long-term decline of monetary velocity reflects a number of underlying problems. Steps must be taken to guarantee the long-term health and financial development of the Chinese economy.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-40
Issue: 3
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 5
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:23-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ying Fang
Author-X-Name-First: Ying
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang
Author-Name: Li Qi
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Qi
Author-Name: Zhongjian Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongjian
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: China's Internal Borders
Abstract: 
 We measured the business-cycle correlations of the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates of two cities to capture the degree of segmentation across China's provincial and regional borders. This type of segmentation can be caused by local protectionism as well as other economic and geographic factors. After controlling the other factors, we zeroed in on the administrative border effect that is due to local protectionism. We found that the interprovincial administrative border effect rose and then gradually declined in the period between 1991 and 2007. Its increase coincided with the introduction of the Tax-Sharing System reform, which started in 1994. Our analysis shows that China's reform path did not create a persistent provincial "administrative border effect" that would debilitate market forces.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-60
Issue: 3
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=P31U0202HJ441760
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:41-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zehai Li
Author-X-Name-First: Zehai
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Lawrence Huiyan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Huiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: An Empirical Study of International Linkages of the Shanghai Copper Futures Market
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the causal relationships of copper futures on the Shanghai Futures Exchange, the London Metal Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Multi Commodity Exchange of India. The structural vector autoregression model is used to reflect on both short-run and long-run impacts on these four futures markets. There are two main conclusions. First, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Multi Commodity Exchange of India have a relatively weaker influence on the international copper markets, more like the shadow markets of the London Metal Exchage. Second, the price impact of Shanghai Futures Exchange copper on London Metal Exchange copper has been increasing since 2007, while the impact of London Metal Exchange copper on Shanghai Futures Exchange copper has been decreasing.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 61-74
Issue: 3
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G7026763323550R2
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:61-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: The Integration of China's Economy with the World
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-5
Issue: 4
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=B7KU1625R7J90J71
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:4:p:3-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Jr-Ya Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Jr-Ya
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Jot Yau
Author-X-Name-First: Jot
Author-X-Name-Last: Yau
Title: Recent Policy Changes Toward the Internationalization of the Renminbi
Abstract: 
 This article reviews the ongoing internationalization of the Chinese RMB and some policy changes related to capital flows across China. In particular, it discusses several recent economic reforms, including the Wenzhou experiment, the growth of cross-border banking, and the new currency zone in the Pearl River Delta region. It also considers the challenges facing Singapore, London, and Taipei as offshore RMB markets and the development of the dim sum bond markets in Hong Kong.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 6-24
Issue: 4
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U603UR56K20268U7
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:4:p:6-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kuei-Chih Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kuei-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Ching-Chung Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Ching-Chung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Tung Liang Liao
Author-X-Name-First: Tung Liang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liao
Title: The Effect of Structural Change on Information Flow Between the U.S. and Chinese Agricultural Futures Markets
Abstract: 
 This article examines the effect of structural change on the flow of information between the agricultural futures markets of the United States and China after 2002. Structural changes are found for futures price series in exchanges in both countries—specifically, the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Board of Trade, the Dalian Commodity Exchange, and the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange. The structural change generally occurred during the 2007-8 financial crisis. The two cotton futures markets are integrated, as are the two soybean futures markets, indicating that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists in their respective related markets. However, the Chicago and Dalian corn futures markets were not integrated after the structural change. The Chinese corn and soybean markets are found to play a leading role in transmitting information to the U.S. markets, a result that confirms the importance of China as a major producer and consumer of a range of international agricultural commodities. The results for cotton futures indicate that the New York market does not dominate the Zhengzhou market in informational efficiency. Both markets are efficient at incorporating information on a daily basis.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 25-48
Issue: 4
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 7
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:4:p:25-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ya-Ling Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Ya-Ling
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Title: Forecasting the Demand for Tourism in China by Applying the Skew-<i>t</i> Distribution Model
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the demand for tourism in China using ARMA models with a normal distribution and with a skew-<i>t</i> distribution (referred to as ARMA-N and ARMA-skew-<i>t</i> distribution models). The empirical sample was selected with a view to discussing and comparing the ability of these models to accurately forecast the out-of-sample demand for tourism in China. The results indicate that the ARMA-skew-<i>t</i> distribution model is superior to the ARMA-N model in terms of forecasting the demand for tourism in China from the five countries considered in the study, based on mean squared errors (MSE) and mean absolute errors (MAE) tests. The Diebold-Mariano (DM) test further confirms that in all cases the ARMA-skew-<i>t</i> distribution model is more accurate in forecasting tourism demand in China than the ARMA-N model. These findings demonstrate the significant impact of both skewness and tail-thickness on the conditional distribution of returns.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 49-62
Issue: 4
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 7
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:4:p:49-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ming-Cheng Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming-Cheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Szu-Lang Liao
Author-X-Name-First: Szu-Lang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liao
Author-Name: Yi-Ting Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Yi-Ting
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Title: Determinants of the Adoption of Executive Stock Options in China
Abstract: 
 This study examines the factors that determine the adoption of stock option plans by Chinese listed firms. The results show that adoption of executive stock option plans is positively related to return on assets, market-to-book ratio, and chief executive officer duality structures, but negatively related to debt ratio and state ownership. In addition, the adoption of a stock option plan results in significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns during the three-day period following the adoption announcement date.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 63-84
Issue: 4
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 7
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D533031663841633
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:4:p:63-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Financial Markets and Institutional Analysis
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9804V18013M11171
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:5:p:3-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hongfei Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Hongfei
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Xiaoqing Eleanor Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoqing Eleanor
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Tracking Performance of the United States-Listed China Real Estate ETF
Abstract: 
 This article examines the tracking performance of the United States-listed Guggenheim China Real Estate Exchange-Traded Fund (NYSE ticker: TAO) relative to its underlying benchmark index (Alphashare China Real Estate Index, ACNRET) and the actual China Home Price Index (CHPI). The daily return of the TAO fund is found to be mainly driven by the U.S. market return and severely underexposed to the return on its underlying index. Examination of the behaviors and sources of the TAO fund's daily return deviation revealed the dominance of market return deviation due to nonsynchronous trading and a moderate level of NAV deviation due to the expense ratio. The nonsynchronous trading-related tracking error does not generate significant return deviation for longer holding periods, leading to a dramatically improved tracking performance. However, investors who intend to use the TAO fund to gain exposure to China's real estate market should be mindful of the fact that the TAO fund's market return or NAV return exposure to the actual China real estate market (as measured by CHPI) is extremely limited due to the lack of representation of the underlying index.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-35
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=21U0172013237257
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Qingfeng "Wilson" Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Qingfeng "Wilson"
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: What Makes a Successful Futures Contract?
Abstract: 
 China's stock index futures contract, known as the Hushen 300 Index futures, was launched just over three years ago on April 16, 2010. It has developed into one of China's most successful futures contracts in terms of trading volume, despite the declining underlying stock market. This study investigates the root causes of its success. The most important contributing factors are the difficulty in margin trading and short selling of the underlying stock market index, the continual loosening of regulations, and the improved futures contract's price-discovery functions. Although the spot market seems to have led the price-discovery process over the entire period, there have recently been significant improvements in the futures market's price-discovery functions and cross-market information flows.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 36-49
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=A516X4XT30763648
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Job and Worker Reallocation in China
Abstract: 
 This study sheds light on the dynamic of China's urban labor market during the period 1991-2009, focusing on job creation, job destruction, worker inflows, and worker outflows. We used worker-related data for all industries, including reallocations between firms and within firms. We found that job creation has been quite active for two decades and coincides with the business cycle, as in most other countries. China's economic growth has been accompanied by the active creation of efficient jobs and large-scale destruction of inefficient jobs, which helps to explain the coexistence of high economic growth and low employment growth. The economic revolution has also resulted in a high level of between-sector reallocation. The characteristics of worker flows in the main ownership-based sectors differ greatly.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-68
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=3308148573232W61
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:5:p:50-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qiang Yan
Author-X-Name-First: Qiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan
Title: Advancing Frontiers and the Economic Take-Off in China and the United States
Abstract: 
 This article compares the economic take-offs in China and the United States from a macro and historical perspective by applying institutional analysis. It finds that exploration and promotion of the economic frontier were crucial drivers of economic growth and shaped social transitions in both countries, although the connotation of "frontier" varied over time and changed across national boundaries. The study also illustrates how the government in each country played an important role in driving the frontier expansion and economic growth.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 69-85
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=BU2525U2014G5M28
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:5:p:69-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Min Ju
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Ju
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Haim Mano
Author-X-Name-First: Haim
Author-X-Name-Last: Mano
Title: Firm Capabilities and Performance
Abstract: 
 This study focuses on the performance implications of firm capabilities in China's emerging economy. Specifically, we investigated the effects of marketing, technological, and production capabilities on firm performance from the institutional perspective with the traditional resource-based view. Using four-year longitudinal data of both local private firms and foreign wholly owned subsidiaries in China, we found that firm capabilities demonstrated differential effects on financial performance and market performance for local and foreign firms. Moreover, the performance impact of firm capabilities was moderated by the institutional environment.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 86-104
Issue: 5
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 9
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U62148M587854511
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:5:p:86-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Corporate Finance, Trade in Services, and the Exchange Rate
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-6
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=082TH43003721H86
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:3-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yihong Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Yihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Yan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Christopher Findlay
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Findlay
Title: What Explains China's Rising Trade in Services?
Abstract: 
 From 1982 to 2009, China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment in services have seen incredibly rapid growth. A high proportion of its trade in services is intra-industry trade, but China has no comparative advantage in most service sectors. What, then, drives the growth of trade in services? Does the law of comparative advantage still work? This article considers the features of traded services and derives a modified gravity model based on a theoretical foundation. Using a database of the bilateral trade in services between China and its main trading partners in the modified gravity model, we find that the law of comparative advantage does apply to China's services trade. China has comparative advantages in relatively low-end service tasks, which are less productive, use relatively low-skilled labor, and are less knowledge- and capital-intensive. Liberalization of trade in services, trade in goods, and China's large home market drive the growth and lead to a high level of intra-industry trade in services.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 7-31
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1102681217352MG4
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:7-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yingkai Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Yingkai
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Shuanghong Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Shuanghong
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Jing Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Political Connections, Legal Environment, and Corporate Valuation in Chinese Public Family Firms
Abstract: 
 Using a uniquely selected family-firm data set, we show that Chinese family firms are, on average, more valuable than nonfamily firms, and that their superior performance can be explained in part by their political connections. Chinese family firms in which the chairperson or CEO is politically active have substantially higher corporate valuations than other family firms. Our findings support the view that the rapid growth of China's private sector is driven by certain alternative mechanisms. As we demonstrate, in an emerging economy, political connections can be a mechanism for responding to the legal system's failure to adequately protect private property rights.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 32-49
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9773124412P704N3
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:32-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qilin Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Qilin
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Author-Name: Yingkai Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Yingkai
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Na Yuan
Author-X-Name-First: Na
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan
Title: Venture Capital Certification and IPO Underpricing
Abstract: 
 Using data from companies listed on the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) from 2009 to 2010, this article investigates the effect of venture capital firms on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing. The empirical results suggest that venture capital firms have a limited and weak role in certification due to the special environment of such firms in their early stages. China's venture capital firms conform to the general trends of the Western capital market but, at the same time, have some characteristics typical of newly emerging markets. As in the early stages of Western venture capitalism, China's venture capital firms are still in the process of maturing as a result of their grandstanding and profit motivations and do not have a major role in certifying start-ups. Nonetheless, the place of private venture capital firms in China's newly emerging capital markets has grown significantly. Their investment management models and strategies are consistent with modern market laws and are playing an increasingly active role in certification.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 50-66
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=H2L6V246R31N1823
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:50-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anhua Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Anhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Kun Li
Author-X-Name-First: Kun
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Guangbin Bai
Author-X-Name-First: Guangbin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bai
Title: Market Efficiency of Collective Bonds for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China
Abstract: 
 Collective bonds are innovative financial instruments issued in some of China's high-tech development zones to solve the financing dilemma of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This article creates a credit model with which to analyze the operating mechanism and inherent laws of collective bonds and to answer the following questions from the point of view of quantification: Can SME collective bonds improve financing efficiency? How do they improve financing efficiency? What are the extent and requirements of improved financing efficiency? The article provides a theoretical basis for the development of SME collective bonds in China
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-79
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2517064738L78H6G
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:67-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kan Yue
Author-X-Name-First: Kan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yue
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: How Much Does China's Exchange Rate Affect the U.S. Trade Deficit?
Abstract: 
 American politicians claim that the Chinese exchange rate with the U.S. dollar is a major cause of the huge U.S. trade deficit. This article examines the issue by asking the following questions: How has the United States been able to run a growing trade deficit with the world since the late 1970s? Is the Chinese currency or exchange rate the cause of the large U.S.-China trade deficit? What factors are behind the huge U.S.-China deficit? Theoretical and empirical analyses suggest that the U.S. trade deficit is a result of the unique position of the U.S. dollar as the reserve unit of currency in the international monetary system. The deficit cannot be attributed to the Chinese exchange rate, because it does not fall (in fact it rises) as the Chinese currency appreciates. The factors causing the deficit include relocation of exports to China from elsewhere in Asia, measurement differences, overcounting Chinese exports to the United States while undercounting U.S. exports to China, American consumption without saving, and U.S. restriction of high-tech exports to China. The resulting policy implication is that the U.S. trade deficit would not be reduced very much by a change in the Chinese exchange rate unaccompanied by efforts in regard to the other factors.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 80-93
Issue: 6
Volume: 46
Year: 2013
Month: 11
Keywords: 
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:46:y:2013:i:6:p:80-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Investment Funds and Related Topics
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4
Issue: 1
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W732276333080414
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jingjing Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Jingjing
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Jing Chi
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi
Author-Name: Martin Young
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Young
Title: Mutual Fund Investment Strategies and Preferences
Abstract: 
 This article classifies Chinese mutual funds based on their past investment behavior, using factor and cluster analyses. The empirical results show that the majority of Chinese mutual funds are quasi-indexers (58.58%) which follow a buy-and-hold investment strategy; next are transient mutual funds (31.27%) and dedicated mutual funds (3.38). The results also show that mutual funds generally hold shares of large firms that offer low market risk, low liquidity, and good operating and stock performance. The preferences of quasi-index funds dominate the results. Transient mutual funds focus on good operating performance and growth opportunities. Dedicated funds invest heavily in small, highly liquid listed firms. All types of mutual funds in China prefer to hold state-controlled listed firms rather than privately controlled ones.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W024JX60351G74R8
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jen-Sin Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-Sin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Pi-Hsia Yen
Author-X-Name-First: Pi-Hsia
Author-X-Name-Last: Yen
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Investor Sentiment and Investment Behavior in the Chinese Mutual Fund Market
Abstract: 
 This article studies investor sentiment and its relation to the investment behavior of mutual fund investors in China. Using a panel threshold model, we found that investment behavior varies across investor sentiments, especially in a volatile as opposed to a stable period. The study demonstrates that mutual fund investors (1) prefer to purchase mutual fund units when mutual funds have gains during a volatile period; (2) prefer to redeem mutual funds units when the funds have gains during a stable period; (3) prefer to purchase mutual funds units when the funds have losses during a stable period; and (4) prefer to redeem mutual funds units when the funds have losses during a stable period.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 38-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W8K455V5T3528752
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-Cheong Shum
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-Cheong
Author-X-Name-Last: Shum
Author-Name: Andy C. N. Kan
Author-X-Name-First: Andy C. N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kan
Author-Name: Tao Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Tao
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Does Warrant Trading Matter in Tracking Errors of China-Focused Exchange-Traded Funds?
Abstract: 
 This article examines the impact of warrant trading on tracking errors in China-focused exchange-traded funds (ETFs) listed in Hong Kong. We followed Shin and Soydemir (2010) in adopting average absolute differences, standard errors from regression analysis, and standard deviation of return differences to measure the tracking errors before and after first-time warrant issuance. Our results indicate that tracking errors in China-focused ETFs are amplified after first-time warrant listing, implying that derivative products encourage speculative investment in the underlying assets. We used control-sample ETFs to verify further that our results were not driven by differences between the underlying assets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 53-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 1
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=W354U680M6402406
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tao Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Tao
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Wally C. W. Yau
Author-X-Name-First: Wally C. W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yau
Title: Herding on Ending Digits in Security Trading
Abstract: 
 This article complements prior literature by distinguishing between buys and sells, and taking a new approach in testing for herding on ending digits. Using a sample of nearly 100 million stock trades, it provides strong evidence in favor of herding on ending digits, particularly in round numbers. Our investigation of what drives investor herding behavior over ending digits finds that the herding effect has a weak but positive association with past returns over a longer horizon. This finding implies that investor preference for round numbers is not only a result of price clustering, but also a consequence of momentum trading.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 67-102
Issue: 1
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 1
Keywords: 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Real Estate and Related Markets
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-4
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=44581114X1545874
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C. K. Burdekin
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin
Author-Name: Ran Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Ran
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Title: Chinese Real Estate Market Performance
Abstract: 
 The 2009 surge in bank lending in China was accompanied by allegations that substantial funds had been funneled into the nation's stock and property markets. Using data from 1999 to 2011, possible linkages between lending activity, real estate prices, stock prices, and inflation are examined. We find empirical support for the claim that housing prices responded to increases in liquidity and lending rates, along with evidence of codetermination of stock prices and housing prices. House price inflation also appears to consistently affect the overall inflation rate in China, based on both causality testing and VAR estimation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 5-26
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V22U058N42W63637
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: Chih-Hsiang Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Chih-Hsiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Title: Analysis of Bond, Real Estate, and Stock Market Returns in China
Abstract: 
 A broad analysis of the stock, bond, and real estate markets in China was conducted to investigate the policy effectiveness of using the lending rate to dampen China's real estate sector. Several important findings emerged: (1) as asset classes, the three markets do not exhibit similar patterns of volatility and return; (2) there are significant price transmission effects from the stock and real estate markets to the bond market and from the stock market to the real estate market; and (3) raising the lending rate is an effective tool to dampen the real estate market.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 27-40
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=508X36R01H355283
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qiaoyuan Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Qiaoyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Marian Rizov
Author-X-Name-First: Marian
Author-X-Name-Last: Rizov
Author-Name: Marie Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Title: Residential Electricity Pricing in China
Abstract: 
 This article evaluates the new residential pricing system for electricity in China by examining price and income elasticity of demand by household type. We used prereform annual panel data for 29 provinces from 1998 to 2011, applying feasible generalized least squares models. The price and income elasticities for household sectors are -0.412, and 1.476 at the national level, -0.300 and 1.550 in urban areas, and -0.522 and 1.093 in rural areas. With regional effects, the price and income elasticities are -0.146 and 1.286 for urban households in coastal provinces and -0.772 and 1.259 for urban households in inland provinces. The empirical results reveal that there is important heterogeneity in the responsiveness to electricity price changes by household income level and location.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 41-74
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=ML63M032R6M80L82
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Ruixin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Ruixin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Dynamics of the China-United Kingdom Commodity Trade
Abstract: 
 The S-curve phenomenon postulates that while past values of the trade balance and current exchange rates are negatively correlated, future values of the trade balance and current exchange rates are positively correlated. We investigated this pattern between China and the United Kingdom. When we use the bilateral trade flows between the two countries, we find no support for the S-curve. However, when we disaggregate the bilateral trade data by industry and construct the S-curve for 47 industries that trade between the two countries, we find support for the S-curve in 12 cases. These 12 industries, which conduct 30 percent of the trade (including the largest industry), could benefit from currency depreciation.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 75-93
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6421151583LK145K
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:47:y:2014:i:2:p:75-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong-guo Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-guo
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Opening-Price Performance of Initial Public Offerings in China
Abstract: 
 In studying the opening-price performance of Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs), we found that more than 95 percent of the first-day return is earned by initial subscribers who sell the shares at the market open. Purchasing at the market open on the first trading day, investors earn 4.21 percent if they sell the shares at the market close on the same day (the median is 0.97 percent). If they sell the shares at the market close after a month (on the twenty-first trading day), they earn -3.41 percent (the median is -5.19 percent). This pattern is consistent over time and across the market, firms, and offer-specific characteristics, with a few exceptions for IPOs initiated during favorable stock market conditions and in certain industries. The overall results are consistent with the asymmetric information hypothesis that outside investors possess better information about the market demand for new shares and the opening price is an efficient indicator of the closing prices on the first and twenty-first trading days. Our results have policy implications.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 94-109
Issue: 2
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 3
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N0L1L7264622840U
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: Is China Becoming the Core of Regional Trade and Market Integration in the Asia-Pacific?
Abstract: 
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 3-7
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V488P8M1G62614R2
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-Jen Hsieh
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Jen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsieh
Author-Name: Jun-Jen Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Jun-Jen
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Ching-Lin Wei
Author-X-Name-First: Ching-Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei
Title: Is There a Bilateral Trade-Off Between Foreign Direct Investment and Trade?
Abstract: 
 Larger inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) induce a high volume of trade because supply chains set up by multinational enterprises intensify trade networks across nations. Several empirical studies have uncovered complementary relationships between trade and FDI among East Asia nations, but do not consider the dynamic transition of the Chinese economy and the role of the trilateral free-trade agreement (FTA). This article studies the feedback effects of FDI on trade among China, South Korea, and Japan from 1994 to 2010. Our empirical models capture the dynamic transition of trade and FDI between China and Korea or Japan and can also be used to predict the impact of the trilateral agreement on the network of trade and FDI among these countries. Our results indicate that the Trilateral Agreement could generate longterm positive reciprocal benefits from China to Japan and Korea.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 8-22
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=WW6U28V261NG9N47
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wan-Ping Tai
Author-X-Name-First: Wan-Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Tai
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: Trade Relations Between China and Southeast
Abstract: 
 This study explores the trade relationships between China and the ASEAN countries from a political and economic perspective. Historical background, current economic and development status, and trade progress for China and the ASEAN countries are reviewed. China's main strategies for establishing trade connections or ties with ASEAN countries are analyzed. Finally, variables are proposed that will foster the emergence of further trade development in an effort to convert the region's atmosphere of "China threat" to "China opportunity."
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 23-39
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=6V813U7357048405
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:47:y:2014:i:3:p:23-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chen-Yuan Tung
Author-X-Name-First: Chen-Yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tung
Author-Name: Jason Yeh
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeh
Title: Development of a Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
Abstract: 
 President Ma Ying-Jeou's strategy to engage Taiwan in regional market integration calls for the use of the cross-strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with China as a pathway to join the East Asian economic integration. This article reviews the ECFA and discusses its potential outlook. Some enhancements are proposed that may help Taiwan strategize its foreign negotiations.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 40-56
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=V332128467532267
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward I-hsin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Edward I-hsin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: U.S.-China Trade Relations and Economic Distrust
Abstract: 
 This article explores U.S.-China trade relations and economic distrust. Generally speaking, the U.S.-China trade relationship has tilted in favor of China since the 1980s. There is long-term distrust between the United States and China on intellectual property rights, renminbi exchange rates, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), rare earth metals, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Given this economic distrust, the United States and China have engaged in limited cooperation and coordination on issues where their national interests are identical or partially identical, but are likely to compete with each other more than ever before on other matters. Areas of cooperation include clean energy, climate change, and China's huge holdings of U.S. treasury bonds; areas of competition include intellectual property rights, intellectual property theft, currency exchange rates, and investment access to one another's markets.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 57-69
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D183874V7J87674X
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:47:y:2014:i:3:p:57-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing-Yun Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Jing-Yun
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: Development of China-Russia Relations (1949-2011)
Abstract: 
 Since 1996, China and Russia have been united in what both call a "strategic partnership." Although the relationship is currently strong, the future is quite uncertain, because the relationship has never been as solid as it seemed, nor as dangerous. Some scholars strongly doubt the strategic nature of the China-Russia partnership and take a gloomy view of the future of this bilateral relationship, but it would be dangerous to conclude that the Sino-Russian strategic partnership is purely tactical, impulsive, and baseless. This article provides a roughly chronological historical overview of China's bilateral relations with Russia from 1949 to 2011, discusses the major foreign and domestic elements of China's current relations with Russia, offers case studies of incidents that illustrate these elements, and indicates the likely trajectory of China's future bilateral relations with Russia and the kind of foreign development pattern that will unfold.
Journal: Chinese Economy 
Pages: 70-87
Issue: 3
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 5
Keywords: 
File-URL: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M2U541Q12K481562
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:47:y:2014:i:3:p:70-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gene C. Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Gene C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Title: The Chinese Insurance Industry
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1114400
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1114400
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erin P. Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Erin P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Title: Does Better Governance Lead to Fewer Punishments: Evidence from Property-Liability Insurers in China
Abstract: 
 This article uses a sample of property-liability insurers in China to investigate whether the so-called better governance, characterized by independent directors on the board and the separation of chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of the board (COB), leads to fewer punishments (for insurer misbehavior) from the insurance regulators. We find weak evidence that independent directors help curb insurer misbehavior and counterbalance CEO influence. The separation of CEO and COB also helps reduce the number of punishments. In general, our findings support the regulators’ suggestions on inclusion of more independent directors and separation of CEO and COB.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 3-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1114402
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1114402
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:3-13




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chia-Ling Ho
Author-X-Name-First: Chia-Ling
Author-X-Name-Last: Ho
Title: Ownership Structure and Reinsurance Decisions: Evidence from the Property Casualty Insurance Industry in China
Abstract: 
 This study examines the impact of ownership structure on reinsurance decisions in the Chinese property casualty insurance industry. The evidence shows that foreign insurers have higher reinsurance demand than domestic insurers. Specifically, foreign insurers are more likely to purchase volunteer reinsurance. More important, foreign insurers are associated with a higher percentage of facultative reinsurance ratios than domestic insurers. We also find that the insurer’s return on assets (ROA) is positively related to reinsurance demand, whereas firm size and tax shield are negatively related to reinsurance demand. Implementing the compulsory (statutory) reinsurance ratio in the Chinese insurance market before 2006 was inefficient. Finally, the regulation of compulsory reinsurance ratios affected the reinsurance demand before 2006. Insurers purchased more reinsurance before 2006 than after 2006 because of compulsory reinsurance. The overall results of this study indicate that ownership structure (foreign versus domestic ownership) and other characteristics of firms significantly affect the demand for reinsurance.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 14-31
Issue: 1
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1114403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1114403
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:14-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emily J. Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Emily J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Erin P. Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Erin P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Glenda W. Kao
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kao
Title: Investment Regulation, Portfolio Allocation, and Investment Yield in the U.S. and China Insurance Industry
Abstract: 
 This article presents the comparisons of three aspects of insurer investments in the United States and China. For investment regulation, we summarize the allocation limits specified in the U.S. Investments of Insurers Model Act and update China’s regulation to the 2014 version. For investment allocation, we show the year-by-year allocations to various investable assets from 2005 to 2013 of U.S. and Chinese insurance industries. Finally, for investment performance, we calculate yearly investment returns and discuss the rationale that contributed to the return fluctuation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 32-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1114404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1114404
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:32-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guochen Pan
Author-X-Name-First: Guochen
Author-X-Name-Last: Pan
Author-Name: Sen-Sung Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Sen-Sung
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Tsangyao Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Tsangyao
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Title: Are Insurance Premiums Stationary in China?
Abstract: 
 This study applies the sequential panel selection method (SPSM), proposed by Chortareas and Kapetanios (2009), to investigate the time-series properties of insurance premiums in China. This method can clearly identify how many and which series in a panel are stationary processes by classifying a whole panel into a group of stationary series and a group of nonstationary series. Time-series data of the total insurance premiums collected from 36 regions in China during the period from January 2006 to December 2011 are used. The empirical results from the SPSM and several other panel-based unit-root tests are compared, and the SPSM tests unequivocally indicate that insurance premiums are stationary for most of the 36 regions under study. Our test results have important economic and policy implications for China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 45-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1114405
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1114405
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:45-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: New Markets and Current Economy
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 85-86
Issue: 2
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993211
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:85-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamish Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Hamish
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Jing Chi
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi
Author-Name: Qing (Sophie) Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Qing (Sophie)
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: IPO Performance on China’s Newest Stock Market (ChiNext)
Abstract: 
 We study IPO underpricing and long-run performance of ChiNext, a newly-established Growth Enterprise Board in China. Using a sample of 281 ChiNext IPOs during October 2009–December 2011, we find the initial average market adjusted abnormal return (MAAR) is 33.5 percent. The average 12-month buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) is −45.7 percent for those IPOs listed prior to 2011. Although the average MAARs of ChiNext is significantly higher than IPOs listed on the Main Board, it is not significantly different from the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Board IPOs during the sample period. However, the ChiNext average BHARs are significantly lower than those on both the SME and Main Boards. Regression findings support the information asymmetry hypothesis (high uncertainty of ChiNext IPOs) and the behavioral theory (market sentiment) on underpricing for ChiNext IPOs, and we find that ChiNext IPO underperformances are consistent with the significant deterioration of their operating performance after listing and investors’ speculative trading behavior on these new issues.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 87-113
Issue: 2
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993215
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:87-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qi Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Qi
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Author-Name: Zhong-guo Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-guo
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Offline Oversubscription, Issue Size, and Market Momentum: The Driving Forces for ChiNext IPOs’ Initial Underpricing
Abstract: 
 This paper reexamines the driving forces for the first day initial return for ChiNext IPOs. We start from screening 29 potential explanatory variables, 4 policy break dummies, and 2 intraday trading suspension dummies, using an OLS model with dimension reduction techniques to identify significant variables. We then apply a 2SLS procedure to remove endogeneity without losing any important information. With the variables identified from the 2SLS model, we further apply a GARCH-M model with an ARMA(1,1) adjustment in the residuals to correct possible autocorrelation in the regression residuals and cross-correlation between the initial return and its conditional return variance. We find that the model fits the data well. From a number of potential factors in pricing Chinese IPOs, we identify three factors that drive the initial underpricing of ChiNext IPOs: the pre-issue share allocation multiplier from institutional investors (offline oversubscription), issue size (size effect), and the listing day stock market condition (market momentum). We estimate the contribution to the initial underpricing from each of the significant variables.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 114-129
Issue: 2
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993217
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993217
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:114-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feng Xiaoming
Author-X-Name-First: Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaoming
Title: China’s Charitable Foundations: Development and Policy-Related Issues
Abstract: 
 As an innovative form of social organization, the charitable foundation is a new phenomenon in the People’s Republic of China. Since 2004, when the new Regulations on Administration of Foundations were promulgated, the charitable foundation sector has experienced rapid growth. However, compared to its potential and the important role the foundation sector can play in China’s social development, a more favorable institutional and legal environment should be considered to boost the expansion of charitable foundations. Because government policies are vital in shaping the landscape of the civil sector in China, this article will focus on how government policies can help create a conducive legal and institutional environment for the expansion of private foundations. Specifically, administrative barriers and tax incentives are extensively discussed. In doing so, experiences from other countries, especially the United States, will be discussed to serve as a reference as well as a model of best practice.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 130-154
Issue: 2
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2014.993221
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2014.993221
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:130-154




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francisco Urdinez
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Urdinez
Author-Name: Gilmar Masiero
Author-X-Name-First: Gilmar
Author-X-Name-Last: Masiero
Title: China and the WTO: Will the Market Economy Status Make Any Difference after 2016?
Abstract: 
 China’s Protocol of Accession to the World Trade Organization, signed on December 2001, allowed other country members to consider China as a Non-Market Economy (NME) until the end of 2016. The aim of this article is to answer the following question: Can the Market Economy Status (MES) Recognition be measured in its compliance? The proxy used for that compliance was the number of antidumping investigations initiated per country. The expectation is that countries recognizing Chinese MES would initiate fewer antidumping investigations than countries still treating China as a NME. This would explain why the Chinese government has been campaigning vigorously since 2001 to gain MES among its economic partners. Using count-models, we demonstrate that MES had a positive impact in reducing the number of antidumping investigations against Chinese products.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 155-172
Issue: 2
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993228
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:155-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lixin Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Lixin
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Quantifying the Effects of Financialization and Leverage in China
Abstract: 
 This article attempts to examine the effects of financialization and leverage on China’s economic growth and income inequality. The empirical results suggest that the effects of the financialization indicators are ambiguous and weak; however, the leverage indicators do have negative impacts. We find that the ratio of nonfinancial private debt to GDP has significantly negative impact on China’s growth, whereas the effects of the ratio of public debt to GDP are insignificant. Moreover, at the disaggregated level of nonfinancial private debt, it is the higher nonfinancial corporate debt level rather than the household debt level that remarkably undermines China’s economic growth. In addition, we have identified important threshold levels for several indicators of financialization. Finally, we find that the rise in the household debt level could significantly reduce the income inequality, and the ratio of M2 to GDP is positively related with the income inequality in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 209-226
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1398363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1398363
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:209-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada
Author-X-Name-First: Mario Arturo Ruiz
Author-X-Name-Last: Estrada
Author-Name: Ibrahim Ndoma
Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndoma
Author-Name: Donghyun Park
Author-X-Name-First: Donghyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: How Effective Is the BTUN-Diagram in the Evaluation of Territorial Unification Negotiations: The Case of China-Taiwan Territorial Unification
Abstract: 
 This article evaluates the effectiveness of the Box Territorial Unification Negotiation Diagram (BTUN-Diagram) in the evaluation of any territorial unification negotiation between two or more territories anywhere and anytime. We used the BTUN-Diagram to evaluate the possible unification of China and Taiwan as it provides a much deeper analysis and interpretation of what unification of the two territories entail. The BTUN-Diagram extends the study of territorial unification beyond the common economic implication of unification as observed in many studies by widening the scope of the study through a multidisciplinary approach. Given the huge gaps that exist in the China-Taiwan unification drawn from our analysis, we observed more divergence than convergence given the huge cost likely to be borne by a unifying party. We suggest very serious and purposeful negotiations could bring about trade-offs that may institute an equilibrium point in the territorial unification negotiation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 227-240
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1398364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1398364
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:227-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haiwei Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Haiwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Margin Policy in Futures Trading: The American System vs. the Chinese System
Abstract: 
 A model shows that the price-dependent Chinese margin system differs from the fixed-amount American margin system by altering the risk of underlying positions, resulting in a more elastic demand by long-term buyers but a more inelastic demand by long-term sellers, whereas demand by day traders is not affected. The simulation results show a reduction in price volatility when trading is switched to the Chinese floating system. Empirical evidence shows that futures price volatility in China is lower in general and on market-down days than that in the United States, both of which are consistent with the predictions of the model.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 241-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1398586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1398586
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:241-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank Long
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Long
Author-Name: Yan He
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Title: Financial Effects of Private Vs. Government Stock Ownership: Evidence from Literature of Listed Chinese Companies
Abstract: 
 We collect evidence from the literature of listed Chinese companies about private vs. government stock ownership in seven financial areas. Based on a total of 106 financial effects examined, our study categorizes 39% as positive effects of private ownership, 25% as negative effects of private ownership, and 36% as mixed or ambiguous. Thus, private ownership seems to have an advantage over government ownership, but privatization per se in China seems not an absolute guarantee for effective corporate financial management.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 263-289
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1399099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1399099
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:263-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerry Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Demystifying China’s Shantytown Renovation Program and Its Effect on Real Estate Price
Abstract: 
 From August 2017, Chinese authorities have indicated that the shantytown renovation program would gradually be scrutinized under stricter conditions due to the fact that this policy has enhanced the rocketing real estate prices in Chinese third-tier cities. However, based on monthly data from May 2015—December 2017, this study finds that a higher amount of pledge supplementary lendings, which provide the major funding for the shantytown renovation program, can significantly decelerate the growth of real estate prices in the third-tier cities. This finding has important implications for Chinese decision makers and investors as well.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 249-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1548141
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1548141
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:249-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Tatchawan Kanitpong
Author-X-Name-First: Tatchawan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanitpong
Title: Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Thailand-China Commodity Trade: Evidence From 45 Industries
Abstract: 
 China is now Thailand’s largest trading partner and 15% of Thailand’s total trade with the world belongs to China. A previous study that assessed the asymmetric effects of the real baht-yuan rate on the bilateral trade balance between the two countries found that a real depreciation of the baht against Yuan has a worsening effect in the long run. We disaggregate the two countries’ trade by industry and consider trade balance of each of the 45 industries that trade between Thailand and China. When we estimated a linear model, we found no favorable effects of baht depreciation in any industry. However, when a nonlinear model was estimated, we found significant short-run cumulative or impact asymmetric effects in 27 industries and significant long-run asymmetric effects in 15 industries. Additional analysis revealed that four industries will benefit from baht depreciation and six will be hurt from baht appreciation, supporting a new definition of the asymmetric J-curve in a total of 10 industries.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 203-231
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1548142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1548142
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:203-231




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mayara T. Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Mayara T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Author-Name: Fernando Seabra
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Seabra
Title: Partner Country Choices in China’s Free Trade Agreements
Abstract: 
 The objective of this article is to evaluate the role of the determinants of China’s free trade agreements (FTAs) partner choices. Although we note China’s heterogeneous trade behavior, we assume that there are common traits as key drivers in China’s trade policy. Empirical results based on a logit model show that traditional variables such as distance, a dummy for Asia, and the number of regional trade agreements held by the partner country are statistically significant. Besides, and most importantly, we find that the larger the share of the partner country in China’s commodity imports the higher the probability to hold an FTA with China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 263-278
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1548143
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1548143
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:263-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ming-Hua Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming-Hua
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Dimitris Margaritis
Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris
Author-X-Name-Last: Margaritis
Author-Name: Yang Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: The Global Financial Crisis and the Export-Led Economic Growth in China
Abstract: 
 The growing trade conflict with the United States has heightened concerns on the progress of China’s economic rebalancing and restructuring from export-led growth strategy to one propelled by domestic consumption. This article examines the role of exports in China’s economic growth in both the short run and the long run. Using an ARDL model and quarterly time series data from 1994 and 2018, we find evidence indicating heightened importance of exports in China’s GDP growth after the Global Financial Crisis, and our results suggest that the transition from an export-led growth strategy is proceeding far less smoothly than hoped.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 232-248
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1548144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1548144
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:232-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ehsan Rasoulinezhad
Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasoulinezhad
Title: Analyzing Energy Export Patterns from the Commonwealth of Independent States to China: New Evidence from Gravity Trade Theory
Abstract: 
 The issue of energy trade is crucial for both the Commonwealth of independent States (CIS) region as a top energy exporter and for China as the top energy importer in the world. This study tries to investigate and analyze energy trade patterns running from the CIS to China by applying the panel-gravity trade equation over the period from 2001–2017. The major results revealed that the gravity theory fits the data well. In addition, the findings of this study suggested that the estimated coefficients across all three panel estimators (fixed effect, random effect, and FMOLS) are very similar. Further, the empirical results demonstrated that an increase in GDP and income accelerates the Chinese energy imports from the CIS. Our findings supported the H-O theory, where the difference in income showed a positive influence on the China -CIS energy trade volume. I also discovered the positive impact of the openness level. However, the results indicated that the trade-distance nexus is negative for energy export volume running from the CIS to China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 279-294
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1548145
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1548145
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:279-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Priscilla Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Priscilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Author-Name: Thomas D. Willett
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Willett
Title: Chinese Stocks during 2000–2013: Bubbles and Busts or Fundamentals?
Abstract: 
 Although the Chinese economy has weathered the recent global financial crisis well, Chinese financial markets performed poorly from late 2007 through the end of our sample period in 2013. This apparent disconnect between measured economic fundamentals and stock market performance has attracted considerable attention. However, it is important also to investigate whether this disconnect is only short-term with macroeconomic variables continuing to have important equilibrium relationships over the longer term. This article uses a multivariate cointegration and vector error correction model to test whether domestic macroeconomic fundamentals are important forces in explaining Chinese stock fluctuations. Test results show that economic factors in China have a long-term equilibrium relationship with stock market performance. Stock prices responded consistently negatively to changes in the real exchange rate during 2000–2013. After the Chinese stock market crashed in 2007, stock variations became more responsive to changes of economic fundamentals suggesting that there had been a bubble. Policy-driven factors, such as bank deposits and bank loans, had strong impacts on stock performance. Real economic factors, such as industrial production and exports, also became significant in explaining Chinese stock returns, but their economic impacts were smaller.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 199-214
Issue: 3
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1031600
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1031600
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:199-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yi Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Yi
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Wanjun Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Wanjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Zhijun Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhijun
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Economic, Political and Resource-Based Models of Chinese Contracts in Africa: An Empirical Analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper studies the pattern and determinants of contractual projects by Chinese contractors in Africa. Contracts by Chinese in Africa are a dominant component of China’s economic relations with Africa. They exceed China’s foreign direct investment in Africa. While similar to direct investments, contracts are based on some different considerations and are, therefore, subject to different determinants from foreign investment. This work is the first empirical study conducted on China’s contracts overseas. It explores three models: economic, political, and resource based. Of the three, the resource-based model best explains the pattern and determinants of China’s contracts in Africa. The countries abundant in petroleum and minerals tend to have Chinese projects. In addition to natural resources, we also look into the effects on contracts of market size, economic growth, education, investment, inflation, economic openness, exchange rate, regime type, governance, and bilateral relations with China. Our finding indicates that China’s contractual projects are drawn to the African countries that are well endowed in natural resources.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 215-234
Issue: 3
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1031608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1031608
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:215-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raghav Dhawan
Author-X-Name-First: Raghav
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhawan
Author-Name: Fan Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Fan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Are Credit Ratings Relevant in China’s Corporate Bond Market?
Abstract: 
 While China may imitate the United States in establishing and regulating its nascent credit rating industry, the reputation and influence of the rating agencies may take years to develop. This observation has led to suggestions that investors have largely discounted the opinions of Chinese credit rating agencies. Using post-2005 data, we find that credit spreads and bond ratings in China display a similar relation to that found in the United States. In particular, this relation remains significant after controlling for bond-level and firm-level characteristics. This suggests that investors indeed use credit ratings to determine the risk premiums on Chinese corporate bonds.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 235-250
Issue: 3
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1031614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1031614
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:235-250




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C.K. Burdekin
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C.K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin
Author-Name: Tom D. Willett
Author-X-Name-First: Tom D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Willett
Title: China’s Financial Sector Development and Global Presence: Editors’ Introduction
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 173-175
Issue: 3
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.995579
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.995579
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:173-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James R. Barth
Author-X-Name-First: James R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barth
Author-Name: Michael Lea
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lea
Author-Name: Tong Li
Author-X-Name-First: Tong
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: China’s Policy Adjustments to Promote an Affordable and Stable Housing Market
Abstract: 
 This article examines China’s growth in home prices in order to assess whether the authorities have been able to achieve an affordable and stable housing market. It considers whether the home price declines which have occurred in some regions could trigger a financial crisis and assesses the changing real estate market, reviews policies that have been implemented, identifies potential risk factors, and considers policies based on the experiences of other countries with housing booms and busts.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 176-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.995582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.995582
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:176-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Monetary System and Financial Market
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211900
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211900
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Business Cycle Synchronization and Monetary Policy Coordination Between the U.S. and China: Evidence From a Structural VAR Model
Abstract: 
 This article studies the interactions between the U.S. and China’s economies in an integrated structural VAR model. We incorporate seven variables representing both the U.S. and China’s economies and use both short-run and long-run restrictions to identify the structural shocks and examine impacts of these shocks on outputs, prices, and monetary policies of the two countries. Using monthly data from 2000:1 to 2015:6, we find that China’s business cycles have become increasingly synchronized with the U.S. economy and China’s monetary policy coordinated with that of the United States, since China’s output, consumer price, and monetary policy all respond in a symmetric way to the U.S. macroeconomic shocks, but the same is not found for the United States to China’s. However, we do find that China exerts influence on the U.S. consumer price. Our results have important policy implications regarding the bilateral economic relations between China and the United States.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 3-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211902
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:1:p:3-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danli Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Danli
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Terence Tai-Leung Chong
Author-X-Name-First: Terence Tai-Leung
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong
Title: Political Turnover and the Stock Performance of SOEs in China
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the reasons behind the long-term underperformance of China’s stock market. We argue that the price growth of local state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is hindered by the control of state shares by local cadres who often sell the shares below market prices during their time in office. Our empirical analysis reveals that political turnover of the prefectural party secretary has a significantly negative impact on the selling of state-owned shares and the price growth of local state-owned enterprises, while there is no such impact on private enterprises and state-owned enterprises controlled by the central government.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 21-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211903
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdelkader Derbali
Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkader
Author-X-Name-Last: Derbali
Title: Systemic Risk in the Chinese Financial System: Measuring and Ranking
Abstract: 
 In this article, we try to analyze the systemic risk of the Chinese financial institutions following the subprime crisis of 2007. We use a sample of seventy Chinese financial institutions during the period from January 2, 2008 to June 30, 2015. We employ the SRISK as a measure of systemic risk. This measure is used to determine financial institutions activity default and its potential to become systemic in whole financial system. The SRISK measure indicates not only individual financial institutions vulnerability but also the default dependency structure between financial institutions and the Chinese financial market returns. Also, these measures can be moderately useful for identifying systematically important financial institutions. Besides, the empirical findings indicate that the systemic risk of the Chinese financial institutions is very important. The contribution of each financial institution to the risk of the whole financial system in China is very significant. We show that the dynamic conditional correlation between financial institutions and market return is the main factor of the systemic risk in China. The results of systemic risk decomposition show that the institution which has the higher level of debt contributes positively and extremely to systemic risk.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 34-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211904
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:1:p:34-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Firm Attributes and Momentum Strategies in China
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the momentum and reversal phenomenon in China, based on the most up-to-date data. It shows that Chinese stock market experiences barely momentum effect, but the reversal effect is increasingly significant in the long horizon. Additionally, two risk proxies, size and research and development expense, are employed to explain momentum and reversal effect. It shows that the returns of large stocks are more likely to be persistent, while that of small firms are more likely to reverse. Moreover, R&amp;D investment reduces reversal effect, especially for small firms.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 59-77
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211905
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:1:p:59-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khurshid M. Kiani
Author-X-Name-First: Khurshid M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiani
Title: Financial Factors and Financial Crises: Evidence From Financial Statements of Mainland Chinese Firms
Abstract: 
 We work with financial factors in conjunction with the macro-financial variables of interest to study the behavior of these factors in terms of their relationship, importance, and significance with firm growth in China during and around the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. Our results show that the financial factors portray identical behavior during the 1997 Asian financial crisis as well as during the 2008 global financial crisis. Toward the end of the each of these financial crises, firm size became more important and positively related to firm growth revealing that investors became more cautious about the safety of their investments rather than high returns. The results also show that variation in growth rates in economic activity is stronger than that of sales growth rates that are determined by the financial factors and the other macro-financial variables of interest. Thus, our results show that China is not expected to encounter a financial crisis of the form of the recent financial crises.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 78-93
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1211907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1211907
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:1:p:78-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chu-Hsiung Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Chu-Hsiung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Special Issue of the Chinese Economy Guest Editor’s Introduction—Real Sector and Financial Market
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 115-115
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1445936
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1445936
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:115-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gao Jing
Author-X-Name-First: Gao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jing
Author-Name: Liu Jing
Author-X-Name-First: Liu
Author-X-Name-Last: Jing
Title: Research on the Performance Evaluation of Public Welfare Fund Based on DEA - Tobit Model: Chongqing Example
Abstract: 
 Social transformation caused by the rapid development of the public welfare fund has become an important third party power of social governance. Chongqing city, is an example of a municipality directly under the central government and urban and rural reform pilot area and the public welfare fund has played an important role in resolving social contradictions and improving social governance capacity. Based on the Chongqing 27 public welfare fund 2013 annual assessment report data, using the DEA– Tobit two-stage method, we have evaluated the organization’s social performance and economic performance and its influencing factors. The results show that comprehensive technical efficiency of 27 fund average is 0.905, with 40.7% of organizations achieving the production frontier. For nonefficient organizations, Tobit regression results showed that the raise type, financial assets management, project innovation, and sustainability have a positive influence on the comprehensive technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). Social donation has a positive effect on TE and PTE, and human resource management is an important factor of PTE. At last, we put forward policy suggestions from three aspects: human capital management, project innovation, and the organization operation standard.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 116-129
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1447783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1447783
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:116-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei-Shun Kao
Author-X-Name-First: Wei-Shun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kao
Author-Name: Tzu-Chuan Kao
Author-X-Name-First: Tzu-Chuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kao
Author-Name: Chang-Cheng Changchien
Author-X-Name-First: Chang-Cheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Changchien
Author-Name: Li-Hsun Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Li-Hsun
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Kuei-Tzu Yeh
Author-X-Name-First: Kuei-Tzu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeh
Title: Contagion in International Stock Markets After the Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Abstract: 
 The study focuses on utilizing a modified heteroskedasticity biased test for contagion based on cross-market correlation coefficients proposed by Forbes and Rigobon (2002) to find the evidence of contagion on 31 stock markets during the 2007 U.S. subprime mortgage turmoil. In contrast to the empirical results of Forbes and Rigobon (2002), which indicated that there was no contagion only interdependence during the 1997 Asian crisis, the 1994 Mexican peso devaluation, and the 1987 U.S. market crash, the empirical results demonstrate that the contagion occurred on emerging and East Asian stock markets during the 2007 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis. With extensions in the duration of the crisis, the contagion disappeared rapidly, and only the contagion occurred on the Brazilian stock market that lasted for six months.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 130-153
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1447822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1447822
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:130-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chieh-Hsuan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Chieh-Hsuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Chien-Ping Chung
Author-X-Name-First: Chien-Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Chung
Author-Name: Jen-Te Hwang
Author-X-Name-First: Jen-Te
Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang
Author-Name: Chia-yang Ning
Author-X-Name-First: Chia-yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ning
Title: The Foreign Domestic Workers in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: Should Minimum Wage Apply to Foreign Domestic Workers?
Abstract: 
 With the number of foreign domestic workers increasing in different countries around the world, governments have also begun to pay attention to issues related to the rights of foreign domestic workers. This article presents a comparison and analysis of foreign domestic workers employment policies, working conditions, and minimum wage in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We found foreign domestic workers in Asian countries lack access to regular forms of migration and safe migration channels; low wages; long working hours; exploitative working conditions; nonrecognition of domestic work under labor laws, and mistreatment in domestic work conditions. In addition, this article investigates from social welfare, economic, and legal perspectives, the feasibility of applying minimum wage to foreign domestic workers. The results show that foreign domestic workers’ wages should not be decoupled from the minimum wage, and foreign domestic workers should not be treated as a separate group of workers in minimum wage policy. Long-term care systems should incorporate the foreign domestic worker labor pool, which could provide the additional personnel necessary for the nation’s long-term care.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 154-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1447831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1447831
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:154-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huey-Ling Shiau
Author-X-Name-First: Huey-Ling
Author-X-Name-Last: Shiau
Author-Name: Yung-Ho Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Yung-Ho
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Yi-Jing Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Yi-Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: The Cash Holdings and Corporate Investment Surrounding Financial Crisis: The Cases of China and Taiwan
Abstract: 
 The widely recognized 2007–2008 financial crisis has introduced observable shifts in cash holdings and corporate investment. We evaluate the effect of the financial crisis on cash holdings, corporate investment, and investment-cash flow sensitivity for China and Taiwan firms over the 2001–2014 period. We observe that in China and Taiwan firms increase equity financing and reduce capital expenditures to raise cash holdings after the crisis. The cash holdings for China firmsrises with operating earnings but declines with dividend payouts, and their working capital is upward overtime. On the contrary, the capital expenditures and working capital of the Taiwan firms becomes more conservative after the crisis. The empirical evidence suggests that corporate investment can be described by liquidity correlated to the state of the capital markets.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 175-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1447833
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1447833
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:175-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farha Fatema
Author-X-Name-First: Farha
Author-X-Name-Last: Fatema
Author-Name: Mohammad Monirul Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Monirul
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Author-Name: M. Shahidul Islam
Author-X-Name-First: M. Shahidul
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Title: Does Sectoral Composition of Trade Matter for Trade-Energy-Growth Nexus? A VAR/VEC Based Analysis for China in the Presence of Structural Change
Abstract: 
 This study identifies the differential effect of sectoral composition of trade on trade-energy consumption–economic growth nexus for China from 1992–2015. We divided trade into five broad sectors—high tech (HT), medium tech (MT), low tech (LT), primary products (PP), and resource-based products (RB)—based on technology intensity. VAR and VEC models are applied depending on time series properties and cointegration among the variables. The study finds that trade in different sectors has differential effects on growth and energy consumption. It is also evident that LT and PP trade do not have long-run cointegration with growth and energy consumption, whereas the opposite is true for MT, HT, and RB trade. Regarding growth-energy nexus, the study defends the conservation hypothesis for China. Growth and energy cause LT and PP trade in the short run only, whereas they only cause MT trade in the long run. Trade in HT, MT, and RB sectors strong cause growth but not energy consumption. This study inter alia suggests that to reduce energy consumption while maintaining higher economic growth China should provide greater focus on HT, MT, and RB sectors.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617933
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:1:p:1-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rose Neng Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Rose Neng
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Author-Name: Yang Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Spillover and Profitability of Intraday Herding on Cross-Listed Stocks
Abstract: 
 Companies are cross-listed on multiple exchanges in different countries to take advantage of different market features. Due to the difference in time zones, it is normally quite impossible to take advantage of instantaneous information spillover from market to market to generate abnormal returns. Situations can be different if the cross-listed firms are traded in markets within the same country and in the same time zone, but with different legislative regimes and levels of sophistication. Focusing on investors’ herd behavior and using hourly data, this article finds evidence of cross market information spillover in herding formation and abnormal returns in cross-listed stocks in China’s Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong markets. More importantly, we find that investors can make excess returns upon observing herding by buying and holding Hong Kong’s small and median stocks in industrial sectors cross-listed in the Shenzhen market especially in the morning and the end of the trading day.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 25-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1625244
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1625244
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:1:p:25-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JingJing (Justine) Wang
Author-X-Name-First: JingJing (Justine)
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Pu Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Pu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: John S. Croucher
Author-X-Name-First: John S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Croucher
Author-Name: Piyush Tiwari
Author-X-Name-First: Piyush
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari
Title: Long-Term and Short-Term House Price Dynamics in China’s First Tier and Second Tier Main 13 Cities
Abstract: 
 This article identifies the main drivers and assesses housing bubbles in China’s first-tier and second-tier main 13 cities’ aggregated house prices for 2007Q2 through 2018Q4. The empirical analysis is conducted using robust econometric multiple frameworks, undertaken using the forms of OLS and VECM techniques. The outcomes suggest that house prices attain a long-run equilibrium every 7.14 quarters, with a short-term correction by their own macroeconomic forces including share performance, interest rate, and GDP. Our findings suggest the three macroeconomic drivers identified are effective to stabilize the housing markets. Governments could reduce large fluctuations on house prices and balance the countries’ housing market, share market, and economic growth via setting appropriate monetary policies. In addition, real estate businesses and construction industries and households could set accurate finance plans and budgets to improve their resilience to economic shocks.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 62-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1625517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1625517
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:1:p:62-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sahbi Farhani
Author-X-Name-First: Sahbi
Author-X-Name-Last: Farhani
Author-Name: Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Balsalobre-Lorente
Title: Comparing the Role of Coal to Other Energy Resources in the Environmental Kuznets Curve of Three Large Economies
Abstract: 
 This article aims to examine the dynamic relationship between coal, gas and oil consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the three largest economies namely China, the United States and India, over the period of 1965–2017. In a novel attempt, we employ recent econometric techniques based on the inclusion of structural break(s) in unit root. We apply OLS, FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR econometric regression to validate the EKC hypothesis for three selected countries. We find that the United States and India exhibit a U-inverted EKC between CO2 emissions and economic growth. On the other side, China exhibits U-shaped EKC when we include as energy proxy coal and oil consumption. When we explore the connection between carbon emissions and economic growth considering gas consumption, we find a U-inverted EKC. These dissimilar behaviors confirm that the energy pattern of these countries exert a decisive impact over sustainable economic growth, enhancing previous literature that connects fossil sources, economic growth, and environmental degradation process. Our estimation results open up new insights for policy makers to control the level of coal consumption, to sustain economic growth and to mitigate CO2 emissions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 82-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1625519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1625519
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:1:p:82-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yongqing Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yongqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Responsiveness of U.S.-China Trade Flows to Relative Prices and Nominal Exchange Rate
Abstract: 
 Most previous research did not find powerful evidence suggesting the depreciation of Chinese yuan had contributed significantly to the trade imbalances between the United States and China. In our current study, we employ quarterly data from 2005Q3 to 2018Q3 and an error correction model to examine the responsiveness of bilateral trade flows between the United States and China to relative prices and the nominal exchange rate under China’s managed floating exchange rate regime. To test for a possible structural break due to the financial crisis in 2008, we carry out Chow tests. But the results support no structural break. We find strong evidence that depreciation of Chinese currency yuan encourages U.S. imports from China and discourages U.S. exports to China. In addition, an increase in U.S. income will promote U.S. imports from China significantly, and a higher Chinese income will remarkably encourage U.S. exports to China. Finally, the bilateral trade flows between the United States and China respond differently to the relative prices and nominal exchange rate.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 121-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1625520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1625520
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:1:p:121-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles C. L. Kwong
Author-X-Name-First: Charles C. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwong
Author-Name: Teresa S. C. Poon
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa S. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Poon
Title: On the Path to Liberalization: Emerging Issues of China’s Banking Reform After Global Financial Crisis
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 125-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1544784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1544784
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:125-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rongzhu Ke
Author-X-Name-First: Rongzhu
Author-X-Name-Last: Ke
Author-Name: Min Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Title: The Practice of Rotating Saving and Credit Associations and Interest Rate Liberalization—A Case Study of Wenzhou
Abstract: 
 Rotating Saving and Credit Associations (ROSCA) is an important informal financial institution in developing economies. This article investigates the practice of ROSCA in Wenzhou as a case to explore how the interest rate is determined in a local credit market. We find that interest rates may vary across different purposes of credit demand (e.g., investment, insurance, or durable good consumption). The difference in credit demand may also drive participants to create alternative ROSCA and its implied interest rates are different accordingly. The case of ROSCA and its relationship with the local credit market may shed light on the financial market development and liberalization of interest rates during economic transition.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 155-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1545355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545355
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:155-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eddie C. Cheung
Author-X-Name-First: Eddie C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheung
Author-Name: Michael C. Ng
Author-X-Name-First: Michael C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng
Author-Name: Yiu C. Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Yiu C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: The Multi-Faceted Effects of Partial Interest Rate Liberalization in China
Abstract: 
 In this article, we investigate the effect of removing the bank lending rate floor in 2013 on the market for loans in China. Given the backdrop of gradual liberalization of financial markets, we analyze data from 2008 to 2018 to gauge whether the interest rate on securities of different maturities have been materially affected by this act of partial liberalization. We find that this action has affected short-term repo (repurchase agreements) interest rates but not long-term interest rates. There is also evidence that the efficiency of lending markets has improved, but the health of the banking sector overall seems to have deteriorated, with lower capital but higher nonperforming loans.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 171-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1545359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545359
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:171-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hsu Sara
Author-X-Name-First: Hsu
Author-X-Name-Last: Sara
Title: Feasibility of China’s Financial Reforms
Abstract: 
 Despite the diversity of China’s financial system and the reforms that have already occurred, the system is heavily bank-dominated, and the Big Four extend almost half of all loans in China. These banks often extend loans to state-owned enterprises and in recent years have had the largest proportion of nonperforming loans (NPLs). These large, state-owned banks have been shown to be less efficient than other types of banks (such as joint-stock or city-owned banks) in China. Although interest rate liberalization has marked a major step toward financial marketization, implicit government guarantees, inaccurate credit ratings, and segmented markets have prevented the free movement of interest rates in unleashing market forces. It is argued that deteriorating economic indicators forces the government to focus on ensuring sufficient liquidity in the economy. Hitting China’s ever-present growth target appears to be a priority that supersedes reform objectives in the financial sector.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 192-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1545360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545360
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:192-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles C. L. Kwong
Author-X-Name-First: Charles C. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwong
Title: Commercial vs Policy Loans: A Policy Dilemma After Global Financial Crisis
Abstract: 
 China put forward fundamental reform in the banking sector in the mid-1990s to commercialize the state-owned specialized banks. This reflected the central government’s determination to enhance the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs) by separating commercial lending from policy lending. Though the banking reform in the mid-1990s could not completely change the credit culture and fully commercialize the SOCBs, the operations of SOCBs and their nonstate counterparts have been more responsive to market signals and discipline. Nonetheless, in order to maintain a stable growth after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the central government initiated a 4-trillion yuan stimulus package which fostered the proliferation of local government financial platforms (LGFPs) and rapid credit expansion through shadow banking. Substantial amount of credits were channeled to projects of low returns and even created sizable excess capacity. Deteriorating credit quality heightens the risks in China’s banking sector. Though central leaders are certainly aware of the risks embedded in the banking sector, the GFC in 2008 and the trade war in 2018 prompted the Chinese government to focus more on macroeconomic stability and thus policy loans at both central and local levels will remain as important levers to stabilize the economy.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 128-141
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1545365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545365
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:128-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuk-shing Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Yuk-shing
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Author-Name: Kam-pui Tsang
Author-X-Name-First: Kam-pui
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsang
Author-Name: Man-kit Chung
Author-X-Name-First: Man-kit
Author-X-Name-Last: Chung
Title: State Ownership, Policy Missions and Commercial Operation – A Case Study of the Agricultural Bank of China
Abstract: 
 China has maintained government control over major banks through its holding of controlling shares, leading to concerns about their possible policy burdens. In the case of the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), the explicit policy mission of serving the rural economy and farmers has been assigned along its public listing in stock markets. Although it has adopted strategies to redefine the scope of rural business and implemented organizational and regulatory reforms to reduce the costs of implementing the policy missions, the contradiction between policy and commercial objectives has not been reconciled.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 142-154
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1545366
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545366
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Private-Public Sector Finance and Developmental Challenges
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 143-147
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159901
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159901
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:143-147




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Shadow Banking in China: Implications for Financial Stability and Macroeconomic Rebalancing
Abstract: 
 Shadow banks have grown exponentially in China since 2008 and their impacts on financial stability and real economic growth are highly controversial. This article analyzes the trend, operations, and causes of the surge in shadow banking institutions and activities. In addition, the article investigates the financial and “real” impacts of the shadow banks. Regarding financial impacts, the article discusses the potential risks at the institutional and systemic levels. Given the interconnectedness between shadow banks and the formal banking sector, risks in the shadow banks can easily be transmitted to the major commercial banks. On the one hand, albeit the potential risks, the article finds that the Chinese banking sector is unlikely to encounter a crisis, given the current structure of the Chinese banking system and regulatory framework. On the other hand, despite much lauded “contributions” of shadow banks to the real economy, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises, the article argues that the benefits of shadow banks in financing real productive activities are highly limited.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 148-160
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159903
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159903
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:148-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianjun Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jianjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Sara Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Zhang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Yang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Risks of P2P Lending Platforms in China: Modeling Failure Using a Cox Hazard Model
Abstract: 
 P2P lending platforms in China have risen since 2006 but have already experienced problems with fraud and liquidity. In this article, we describe the P2P lending platforms and their associated risks, and discuss and analyze a dataset on failed and nonfailed P2P companies. We find that an increase in the registered capital results in a decrease in the hazard ratio, while an increase in the interest rate results in an increase in the hazard ratio. We discuss policy implications for the P2P lending sector, which can help to reduce risk in the sector while allowing innovation to arise.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 161-172
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159904
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159904
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:161-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinhua Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Xinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: L. Randall Wray
Author-X-Name-First: L. Randall
Author-X-Name-Last: Wray
Title: A Sovereign Currency Approach to China’s Policy Options
Abstract: 
 This article examines the fiscal and monetary policy options available to China as a sovereign currency-issuing nation operating in a dollar standard world. We first summarize a number of issues facing China, including the possibility of slower growth, global imbalances, and a number of domestic imbalances. We then analyze current monetary and fiscal policy formation and examine some policy recommendations that have been advanced to deal with current areas of concern. We next outline the sovereign currency approach and use it to analyze those concerns. We conclude with policy recommendations consistent with the policy space open to China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 173-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159905
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:173-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shujuan Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shujuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Competition Model and the Change of Local Governments’ Behavior—and Governance of China’s Local Government Debt
Abstract: 
 “Promotion tournament model” is used to explain the Chinese economic miracle. The key of the promotion tournament model is competition for economic growth which brings economic growth together with some societal problems. Competition for economic growth influences local governments’ behavior and is one of the reasons for the rapid rising of local debts. The article proposes a new competition model—competition for inhabitants’ satisfaction. It is a better choice under the system of political centralization with fiscal decentralization in China. It gives inhabitants the right to supervise the government officials while the central government has the power of appointment. Competition for inhabitants’ satisfaction changes the local governments’ investment and finance behaviors, which is meaningful to improve China’s local government debt governance.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 199-212
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159906
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:199-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tabitha Knight
Author-X-Name-First: Tabitha
Author-X-Name-Last: Knight
Title: Women and the Chinese Labor Market: Recent Patterns and Future Possibilities
Abstract: 
 While many economists have advanced potential future growth strategies for the Chinese economy, none to our knowledge have done so with a specific consideration of the impacts these policies may have on women’s welfare measured in terms of labor market outcomes. In this article, we first discuss the relative status of women’s position in the Chinese labor force from the perspective of their employment levels, occupational segregation, and wages. We then calculate segregation indices and present and interpret recent employment data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China to consider how the labor market has evolved for women in the last decade. Interestingly, we find that occupational segregation by gender has in fact intensified since the onset of the radical reforms in China in the mid-1990s. Next, we contribute to the literature by evaluating potential growth policies for their impacts on women’s relative welfare in terms of labor market outcomes using our unique criteria for evaluation. We find that switching to a service-centered growth strategy could work to increase women’s relative welfare if implemented concurrently with additional policies aimed at reducing the otherwise potential negative implications for women’s relative welfare. Finally, we provide our own gender sensitive growth strategy suggestions which include our argument that an education-led growth strategy, for example, may have the largest positive impact on both the Chinese economy and women’s relative welfare.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 213-227
Issue: 3
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1159907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159907
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:213-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pattarin Adithipyangkul
Author-X-Name-First: Pattarin
Author-X-Name-Last: Adithipyangkul
Author-Name: T. Y. Leung
Author-X-Name-First: T. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Title: Gender diversity, institutional factors, and CEO compensation in China
Abstract: 
 Executive compensation has attracted public criticism and regulatory attention in various countries around the world. While previous research shows that a more powerful CEO receives greater compensation, less is known about how governance mechanisms and institutional forces mitigate or exacerbate CEO’s abuse of power to inflate CEO pay. This article examines the impacts of gender diversity in compensation committees, government regulation, and subnational culture (Confucianism and socialist ideology) on CEO compensation in China. The analyses show that while government regulation, Confucianism, and socialist ideology can reduce CEO compensation, the effectiveness of each mechanism appears to be context-specific. Different institutional forces can deter CEO power from different sources. Institutional environment can augment or limit CEO’s abuse of power to extract greater compensation from the company. We do not find gender diversity in compensation committees to be effective in restraining CEO compensation. Our results are robust to different measures of pay excessiveness (absolute and relative terms) and after controlling for endogeneity. This research suggests that practitioners should consider both CEO characteristics and institutional environment when they design a corporate governance system.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 24-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1523843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1523843
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:24-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerry Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Chinese Asset Management Industry: Its Categories, Growth and Regulations
Abstract: 
 This study presents the most updated analysis on China’s asset management industry. First, this study introduces each category of the asset managers in China. Second, this study examines the factors that contribute to the growth of assets under management, which is the first of its kind. Finally, this study analyzes the implications of recent regulations and their effect on asset managers.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 41-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1523844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1523844
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:41-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chuang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Chuang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Evangelos Giouvris
Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos
Author-X-Name-Last: Giouvris
Title: Important Determinants of Foreign Company Performance in China: Big Data Analysis
Abstract: 
 Foreign market entry is important in market development. We examine entry timing/mode, investment, advertising, location, and interactive effects. Early entrants enjoy a high market share. The type of entry and initial investment also affect performance. Even though the effect of advertising on market share is significant, regardless of early/late entry, the effect is different, based on entry mode, investment, and industry. The effect of advertising is larger on owned subsidiaries. Nonmanufacturing firms benefit more from advertising compared to manufacturing firms. Multinationals in manufacturing industries investing in Middle/Northeast China perform better, while nonmanufacturing multinationals perform better in Eastern China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 56-82
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1523859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1523859
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:56-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdelkader Derbali
Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkader
Author-X-Name-Last: Derbali
Author-Name: Fathi Jouini
Author-X-Name-First: Fathi
Author-X-Name-Last: Jouini
Title: Analyzing the Dynamic Equicorrelation Between Shanghai Composite (SSEC) and Austral African Stock Market Indices
Abstract: 
 In this article, we employ the GARCH-DECO (1,1) to investigate empirically the dependence between Shanghai Composite (SSEC) and Austral African stock market indices. We utilize daily return indices over the period from January 4, 2006 to December 30, 2016. From the empirical findings, the conditional dependence between Shanghai Composite (SSEC) and Austral African stock market indices show the existence of high volatility and confirm the existence of a significantly time-varying variance in the conditional linkages between time series returns obtained after the estimation of the GARCH-DECO (1,1) model. Additionally, the conditional heteroscedasticity volatility prediction attains the maximum after the financial crisis of 2007, especially in 2008 and 2009. Our empirical results indicate the existence of high dependency between Shanghai Composite (SSEC) and Austral African stock market indices which prove the financialization of Chinese stock market and Austral African stock market indices. We also find some evidence on the leadership of China in the African region. We discuss implications for the financial integration literature.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 83-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1523862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1523862
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:83-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Qingfeng “Wilson” Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Qingfeng “Wilson”
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Fan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Fan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: The Development of China’s Bond Market
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes China’s bond market, which covers the interbank market, exchange market, and bank counter market. We compare various types of bonds and discuss their latest trends, which to a large extent are driven by government policies, resulting in rapid growth in central government and local government bond issues. The recent launch of the “Bond Connect” trading platform for bond transactions between mainland China and Hong Kong and the emergence of many new bond types suggest that China’s bond market may provide more investment and growth opportunities for global investors.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 107-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1523982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1523982
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:107-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helmut Wagner
Author-X-Name-First: Helmut
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner
Title: On the (Non-)sustainability of China’s Development Strategies1
Abstract: 
 This article summarizes the main characteristics of the two major Chinese growth strategies since 1978, namely the Deng strategy (named after Deng Xiaoping) between 1978 and 2011 and the Xi strategy (named after Xi Jinping) since 2012. After a brief description of both strategies, it analyzes in depth whether the respective reforms of the two strategies have caused sustainable or unsustainable growth and economic development. Furthermore, it derives some implications concerning the danger of a Chinese middle-income trap and proposes some policy recommendations (also against the background of the Korean experience).
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1580822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1580822
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:1-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Woon Kan Yap
Author-X-Name-First: Woon Kan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yap
Author-Name: Fadzlan Sufian
Author-X-Name-First: Fadzlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sufian
Title: Bank’s Profit Efficiency Under China Economic Structure Rebalancing: Empirical Evidence Using Index of Economic Freedom
Abstract: 
 This present study argues that economic freedom is a necessary antecedent to China’s structural economic rebalancing. Therefore, using an index of economic freedom, it seeks to examine the implications of economic rebalancing on banks’ profit efficiency following a freer Chinese economy. Our dataset includes an unbalanced panel of 514 annual observations from 138 commercial banks that operated from 2007 to 2013. This study found evidence that higher freedom index of government spending, which denotes contraction of government expenditure, will result in lower profit efficiency. However, on a more granular level, the reduction of efficiency does not apply to state-connected banks, which are seen to be more profit efficient. On the other hand, the reduction of profit efficiency that afflicts other commercial banks that are less connected to the state authority can be mitigated by the increased aggregate demand from the private sector, following greater fiscal freedom and trade freedom through cutback on the tax rates and lower trade barriers, respectively. In addition, save for state-owned commercial banks, lower monetary freedom is found to significantly increase profit efficiency across banks of all ownership types. This corroborates the fact that banks have more extensive capacity to anticipate inflation compared to depositors and thus, they are more likely to thrive in an inflationary environment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 20-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1368878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368878
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:20-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dongwei Wen
Author-X-Name-First: Dongwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wen
Title: Domestic Value Added in China’s Exports to the World and Its Partners
Abstract: 
 This article uses the inter-country input-output tables with heterogeneous firms compiled by OECD (2015) to measure the ratio of domestic value added content in China’s exports (RDVAE) to the world and its major trading partners at the aggregate and sector level, respectively. Our empirical results indicate the following. (1) China’s RDVAE adjusted for processing trade is much lower than that computed without adjusting for processing trade; (2) The manufacture’s RDVAE for China to its major trading partners is typically lower than that for China’s major trading partners to China; and (3) The share of domestic value added generated by China’s exporting sector itself is declining, whereas that coming from the exporting sector’s upstream domestic suppliers is growing.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 45-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1368885
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368885
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:45-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chung-Khain Wye
Author-X-Name-First: Chung-Khain
Author-X-Name-Last: Wye
Title: Incorporating Foreign Direct Investment and Trade into Energy-Employment Nexus: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Energy consumption in China has been rapidly increasing due to production and consumption, and the growth varies by regions. Chinese government has been trying to reduce energy intensity in production and energy use among households through several energy efficiency policies since 1980s. However, there has been concern over the employment impact of the change of production and consumption structure. Previous studies on the energy-employment nexus focused primarily on the energy-to-employment link, neglecting the possibility of the reverse. In addition, these studies investigated the direct link between the two, ignoring the channel through which one could affect another. This article seeks to fill up the gap by incorporating FDI and trade into the energy-employment nexus using panel cointegration and Granger causality methods. The major findings suggest that energy efficiency policy can be implemented in FDI-led and trade-led provinces located in the China’s coast without impeding the employment growth. However, performance of trade and FDI should be further enhanced in China’s hinterland to promote employment growth and energy efficiency. This study highlights the importance of devising energy policy and labor market policy alongside trade liberalization and foreign investment policies in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 69-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1368892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368892
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:69-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junjie Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: The Coexistence and Interaction of Formal and Informal Lending in China— Discussion of the Wenzhou Case
Abstract: 
 Interest in China’s economy has typically been focused on its phenomenal growth. However, more recently there has been growing interest in emerging constraints on and vulnerabilities regarding that growth. A key focus has been concern with issues of shadow banking. This article discusses one aspect of China’s finance system, which has some crossover with shadow banking: informal lending to private enterprises (PE). This lending is characteristically unstable and exhibits a number of features that constrain private enterprises. Intrinsic to those constraints are issues of usury, bribery and rent-seeking (as an expression of power), all of which bear on the institutional context of ethics. This article discusses the case of Wenzhou, the most prominent city for private enterprises in China. The Wenzhou case is explored using a narrative form drawing on multiple sources including academic papers, regulation, newspapers, and social media. This is an increasingly recognized approach within mixed methods research and this article supplies important qualitative insight into the how and why questions regarding the Wenzhou case. The Wenzhou case is typical in terms of the coexistence and interaction of formal and informal lending in China. Finally, we highlight the limits of the recent reform process and current approach to resolving the problem of financing for PEs in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 97-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1368897
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368897
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:97-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wenjuan Ruan
Author-X-Name-First: Wenjuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruan
Author-Name: Erwei Xiang
Author-X-Name-First: Erwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiang
Author-Name: Shiguang Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Shiguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Lending to Private Firms: Evidence from China on the Role of Firm Openness and Bribery
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the effects of firm openness and bribery on bank lending decisions. Using World Bank data covering 1,781 private firms, we do not find supportive evidence on the role of bribery in helping private firms to obtain bank credit. However, we find evidence that firm openness has a positive effect on helping private firms to obtain banking finance. This finding holds true only for large firms, manufacturing firms, and firms located in regions with good banking development. We also find that private firms with greater government assistance are more likely to obtain bank loans, and more credit overall.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1368905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368905
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:1-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinjian Shen
Author-X-Name-First: Jinjian
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen
Author-Name: Jing Linbo
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Linbo
Title: Transitional Changes in Foreign Trade, Domestic Commerce, and Green Economy in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 95-96
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1227161
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1227161
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:95-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing Linbo
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Linbo
Title: The Development of the Strategic Trade Policy and Its Application in China
Abstract: 
 Strategic trade policy theory, first advocated in 1985, is an important part of the new trade theory. Strategic trade policy emphasizes the importance of public policy under the monopolistic competition, leaving some space for government to increase the national welfare. This article presents the background and the basic framework of the strategic trade policy, and discusses the development of the strategic trade theory internationally and for its application in China. It points out that strategic trade policy develops fast and it needs to integrate more characteristics of developing countries like China into consideration. The measure of the strategic trade policy should be improved in China. The effect of the strategic trade policy becomes more complicated than expected because nothing stands still. Regional trade agreements are the new hidden form of strategic trade policy for China and requires further research.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 97-111
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1227163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1227163
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:97-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ping-Hong Yuan
Author-X-Name-First: Ping-Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan
Title: Trade Strategy Adjustment of China After the Financial Crisis
Abstract: 
 After the financial crisis in 2008, the share of foreign trade in GDP fluctuates in China. The contribution of foreign trade to the growth of GDP is weaker than before. In order to sustain the economic development, China needs to adjust its trade strategy. Based on the demographic structure change and the formation of domestic market, this article puts forward domestic-market-dominated trade strategy (DMDTS) will offer a new direction for trade strategy adjustment of China. Based on the advantage analysis of DMDTS, this article offers the relative suggestions on how to implement such a strategy in China successfully.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 112-118
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1227171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1227171
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:112-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhao Jingqiao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jingqiao
Title: Study on China’s E-Commerce Service Industry: Current Situation, Problems and Prospects
Abstract: 
 In recent years, the e-commerce service industry in China was experiencing explosive growth and was playing a more and more important role in the modern service sector in China, which had contributed a lot to the economic growth and changed people’s life a great deal. However, the explosive growth caused several industrial problems, which might hinder the development of the industry. These problems were analyzed and countermeasures were given to overcome these growing pains. And finally, the author outlooks the future development of the e-commerce service industry in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 119-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1227181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1227181
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:119-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shucui Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Shucui
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Improving China Department Stores Through Total Quality Management
Abstract: 
 Accompanying the many changes in circumstances, China department stores are eager to find the right way to improve their competitiveness. Department stores belong to the service industry and with a retail format, they should reexamine total quality management content which embodies the specialty of the retailers’ mix offers. First, the article proposes that the goods quality and the service quality should be equally managed and controlled and well-aimed at creating the most customer value for the target customers. Second, the article is trying to draft the retailer total quality management model based on the customer value and to present the special management significance. Finally, the article provides advice about how to improve the competitiveness of China department stores based on a total quality management model.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 128-138
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1227182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1227182
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:128-138




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Challenges to China after Becoming an Upper-Middle Income Country
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-4
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993174
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993174
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heng Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Heng
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Zhihong Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Empirical Analysis on the Marketization Process and the Urban Resident’s Income Gap in China
Abstract: 
 The debate on the relationship between China’s income gap and marketization is ongoing. The influences that different modes and aspects of the marketization process have on the income gap have been theoretically analyzed in this article. From the empirical aspect, the statistical yearbook data of various provinces are used to calculate the Gini coefficient of urban residents’ disposable incomes from 1997 to 2010, and then to investigate the effects of the marketization process and other factors on the income gap. The empirical results confirm the theoretical hypothesis: The overall effect of marketization is to narrow the income gap significantly. The empirical analysis also shows that the main reasons for China’s increasingly expanding income gap lie in the promotion of education and in insufficient employment opportunities. This indicates that the human capital of the employed and market risk have become crucial factors affecting China’s income distribution. The influence of the aging population structure transition, economic growth, and other factors impacting the income gap is investigated. Corresponding policy recommendations on how to narrow the income gap are proposed.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 5-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993180
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:5-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuebing Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Xuebing
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Hui Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Charlotte Q. Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte Q.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Industrial Agglomeration: Evidence From the Creative Industries in China
Abstract: 
 Recently, creative industries have clustered in medium and large cities. Based on data from the provincial economic census, this article applies the method of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to investigate the spatial correlation of the creative economy in China, thereby, shedding light on spatial dependence patterns and spatial interactions. The empirical result shows that there is a spatial correlation and an obvious agglomeration effect. The protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) has a positive effect on the agglomeration of creative industries. This result is robust against various estimation methods. Besides the protection of IPRs, many other elements influence the agglomeration of creative industries. We find that the real wage, which has been considered the most important determinant for industry agglomeration in the classical literature, has a positive but insignificant effect on the agglomeration of creative industries. The estimated coefficients for the level of marketization and cultural endowment are significant and positive.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 22-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993181
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:22-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pei Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Pei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Zhigang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhigang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Opinion Leadership and Chinese Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Pork with a Quality and Safety Label
Abstract: 
 Pork is the most preferred meat for the Chinese, representing 64 percent of the national animal protein consumption in 2011. Severe pork contaminations have caused the loss of 1,700 lives, weakened consumer confidence, and plagued China’s already inefficient pork supply system. This study examines Chinese consumers’ attitudes toward the government-issued Quality and Safety Certificate (the QS label). We applied a three-stage adoption framework and focused on the impact of self-perceived opinion leadership, pork-related health risk knowledge, consumption frequency, retailers visited, price concerns, and demographic factors related to the awareness, use, and valuation of the QS label. Results from a univariate profit model show that 1) opinion leadership status is the only factor that positively affects all three stages of adoption; 2) pork health risk knowledge only contributes to the second stage of how the label is used; 3) education and spouse participation in decision making positively affects the awareness of the label; and 4) frequent pork consumers tend to perceive the label as useful. The results suggest that, due to the increased awareness and improved acceptance of labeled pork by more knowledgeable consumers, private firms and the government stand to benefit from improvements in comprehensive pork safety control in China.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 41-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993182
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:41-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Should China Implement Congestion Pricing?
Abstract: 
 Over the past two decades, China has experienced a dramatic increase in auto ownership and use, with the number of privately owned vehicles increasing more than 70 folds in twenty years, from 0.82 million in 1990 to 59.39 million in 2010. Urban roads in major Chinese cities have, thus, become much more congested. Congestion pricing, theoretically, helps to internalize traffic externalities and reduce congestion. Practically, it has been implemented in a number of countries. This article presents the economic theory of congestion pricing and discusses international practices of congestion pricing. Based on the theory and practices, the article proposes implications for China and argues that China should consider implementing congestion pricing to combat traffic congestion in major cities.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 57-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993200
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993200
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:57-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huibing Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Huibing
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Jiangnan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Jiangnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Title: Social Impetus, Economic Roots, and Political Logic: China’s Transformation Through the Lens of American History
Abstract: 
 China is facing a crucial turning point in its sociopolitical development with the recent turnover of the leadership and the potential of further reform carried out by the new administration. To shed light on the future of China, this research compares the United States between 1789 and 1917 with China between 1949 and 2012. We examine the social impetus, economic roots, and political logic of the great transformations of the two countries. Through the lens of American history, we argue, first, that social discontent in the short run may push structural reform forward. Second, to transform the passive, piecemeal, and unpredictable reform into a proactive, systematic, and integral reform, we propose that China must build social consensus and a strong middle class.
Journal: Chinese Economy
Pages: 68-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.993206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.993206
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:68-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Governance, Efficiency, and Development
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 57-59
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1142822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1142822
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:57-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tingting Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Tingting
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Wei-an Li
Author-X-Name-First: Wei-an
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Board Governance and Managerial Risk Taking: Dynamic Analysis
Abstract: 
 The allocation of investment dollars between R&amp;D (high-risk investments) and capital expenditure (low-risk investments), as a reflection of managers’ inclination to take risks, is an important issue in the field of corporate governance and corporate finance because of the different interests and responsibility orientations of key stakeholders. Based on the endogeneity of board governance and managerial risk taking, this article discusses the relationship between board governance and managerial risk taking using Instrumental Variables and Generalized Method of Moments. This article also discusses the effects of board governance on managerial risk taking in the long-term dynamic perspective. The results show that board governances have positive effects on managerial risk taking; that is, board governance would lead to higher investment in R&amp;D expenditures and lower investment in capital expenditures, not only in the current year, but also over multiple years. This evidence suggests that effective board governance plays a significant role in promoting firm innovations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 60-80
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1142823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1142823
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:60-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinlan Ni
Author-X-Name-First: Jinlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni
Author-Name: Mark E. Wohar
Author-X-Name-First: Mark E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohar
Author-Name: Beichen Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Beichen
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Structural Breaks in Volatility: The Case of Chinese Stock Returns
Abstract: 
 This article tests for periodic breaks in the unconditional variance of stock return data on two Chinese stock return market indexes. Using the modified ICSS algorithm, we observe three breaks in the Shanghai Stock Exchange composite index and Shenzhen Stock Exchange composite index series. We document the policy changes related to the Chinese stock market and explain that the Chinese stock market is largely influenced by government policy.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 81-93
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1143302
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1143302
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:81-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jia-Ting Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Jia-Ting
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Qing-Feng Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Qing-Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Author-Name: Tian-Ye Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Tian-Ye
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Xuan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: An Empirical Study on the Technical Efficiency of Foreign Direct Investment in China with Environmental Constraints
Abstract: 
 This article uses a slacks-based measure (SBM) model to evaluate the technical efficiency of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China’s thirty provinces with environmental constraints. Meanwhile, this article also employs the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model to measure the technical efficiency of FDI without environmental constraints. By comparing these two results under different assumptions, we find the technical efficiency with environmental constraints in most provinces is lower than that without environmental constraints. In terms of technical efficiency, Central China is the highest, Eastern China comes second, and Western China is the lowest in both cases. Besides, the excess pollutant emission is the primary factor that results in the technical inefficiency of FDI.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 94-104
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1143304
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1143304
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:94-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shi Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Shi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Shengnan Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Shengnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Zhibin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhibin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Zhigang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhigang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Giffen Paradox and Industrial Development: A Case Study of Family Service Industry in Beijing
Abstract: 
 Giffen Paradox is a phenomenon contrary to common economic theories. This paper explores Giffen Paradox in practice by seeking the existence in the home service industry, with an investigation of home service labor employment behavior of consumers in Beijing. By applying the Heckman Two-Stage Method, we analyzed the data collected and found that when home service prices rise, consumers with previous experience in home servant employment or extra working hours tend to increase employed labor hours, while other variables have limited influence. The study confirms the existence of Giffen Paradox in consumer behaviors and provides policy suggestions to promote home service industry in Beijing.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 105-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1143305
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1143305
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:105-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Li
Author-X-Name-First: Peng
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: What Pushes Up China’s Urban Housing Price So High?
Abstract: 
 Since the housing reform in 1998, real housing prices in China’s urban areas have increased 60 percent, much faster than the growth rate of disposable income. Consequently, the price-income ratio rose from 7.11 in 1998 to 15.37 in 2012, indicating a dramatic decrease in housing affordability. This article first describes the skyrocketing of China’s urban housing prices. It then discusses factors that led to the soaring housing prices, including institutional, cultural, and economic factors. Finally, the article examines recent government housing policies and their effectiveness. The article argues that removing the local government’s double monopoly powers and replacing taxes and fees at transactions with property taxes during possession could better control China’s fast growing housing price.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 128-141
Issue: 2
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1143306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1143306
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:128-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H. Holly Wang
Author-X-Name-First: H. Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Michael Delgado
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Delgado
Author-Name: Shaosheng Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Shaosheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Title: The Special Issue on Chinese Food, Agricultural and Rural Economics
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 139-140
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297646
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:139-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pei Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Pei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Yan Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Todd Lone
Author-X-Name-First: Todd
Author-X-Name-Last: Lone
Title: Chinese Parents’ Safety Concerns and Willingness to Pay for Child Milk Beverages: A Case Study from Beijing
Abstract: 
 China’s burgeoning economic growth in the last two decades has not come without challenges, one of which has been significant food safety problems, especially food supplied to children. News about fake milk formula and tainted milk were recurrently publicized in the period 2003 to 2008, resulting in millions of frightened parents and plunging consumer confidence in domestically produced milk products. This study focuses on the factors affecting parents’ perceptions of and willingness to pay for milk-based beverages targeted toward children 3–6 years old. Using data gathered from 207 questionnaires completed in Beijing in October and December of 2013, this study discovered that child milk-based beverages are a common daily food for children: 71% of the surveyed parents reported that his/her child consumes the beverage at least once a day and 50% of the children consume it twice or more per day. The main reasons behind the high consumption rates include: 1) “my kid likes the taste” (73%); 2) “child milk beverages are safer than regular milk” (52%); and 3) “I think the milk beverage is nutritious” (43%). Almost all survey participants consider brand an important factor in changing purchase decisions (98%); the vast majority of parents (over 93%) consider brand and their child’s taste preference when making purchases. Conditional logit model results show that Chinese national branded products brought additional food safety assurance to parents and that Chinese parents seek lower priced milk-based beverages for their children. This study suggests that the government may react to the expanding demand for milk beverages by improving food safety standards and providing additional food safety information; both of which will contribute to a more informed consumption decision.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 141-156
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297647
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297647
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:141-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wuyang Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Wuyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Author-Name: Ping Qing
Author-X-Name-First: Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Qing
Author-Name: Linda Cox
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Cox
Title: Marketing of Hawai’i Food Products in China
Abstract: 
 This study describes an integrated strategy for exploring niche markets and assessing consumers’ response to imported food products in China. Using a case study of Hawai’i food products, the analysis illustrates an approach to bundling various food items in order to increase their appeal to consumers. These products are presented to consumers in the form of gift baskets. Chinese consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay and purchase the gift baskets are evaluated using a contingent rating survey. The results indicate that bundling increases profits for each individual product, including the basket. Consumers are receptive to the idea of paying a price premium for quality imported food items with decorative presentation. Implications of the current research on other food items, particularly food product bundling are discussed.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 157-167
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297649
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297649
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:157-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jialu Liu Streeter
Author-X-Name-First: Jialu Liu
Author-X-Name-Last: Streeter
Title: Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Food Consumption and Nutrition in China: Empirical Evidence During the 1989–2009 Period
Abstract: 
 This article examines the socioeconomic determinants of food and macronutrient consumption, in light of the Chinese experience in the past two decades. A panel regression using data during the 1989–2009 period provides a long-term trajectory of dietary characteristics. Quantile regressions characterize factors associated with excessive or inadequate consumption levels. The empirical results suggest that first, the consumptions of animal foods, fresh fruit, and dairy products increase and that of cereals decreases in response to income growth. People with low consumption levels are more responsive to changes in income. Second, the better educated favor lower-calorie diets with more animal foods, fruit, and dairy but less cereals. Third, the rural-urban divide is large. While urban dwellers consume more animal foods, fresh fruit, and dairy products, their intakes of energy and carbohydrates are well below those of their rural counterparts. In addition, the article provides some insight into how China’s food consumption patterns differ from those of the United States.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 168-192
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297653
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:168-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qiang Li
Author-X-Name-First: Qiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Lian An
Author-X-Name-First: Lian
Author-X-Name-Last: An
Author-Name: Jingzhuo Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Jingzhuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Author-Name: Changde Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Changde
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Mengke Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Mengke
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Chiyuan Gong
Author-X-Name-First: Chiyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gong
Title: School Dropout, Ethnicity and Religion: Evidence from Western Rural China
Abstract: 
 This article studies the determinants of school dropout decisions for western rural China by using the original and unique survey of 6,000 families in western rural China. Special focus is given to the impact of religion on dropout decisions. We find that children from religious families are more likely to drop out of school than other children, especially for those practicing Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, we find that increase in a child’s age, being a boy, and being part of an ethnic minority will increase the dropout probability while an increase in the mother’s education will decrease the dropout probability. Family income and migration status do not have significant impact on the dropout decision in western rural China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 193-204
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297655
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297655
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:193-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhuoying Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuoying
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Hong Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Minjun Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Minjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Title: Alleviating Water Scarcity in the North China Plain: The Role of Virtual Water and Real Water Transfer
Abstract: 
 The North China Plain is the scarcest water region in China. Its water security is closely related to interregional water movement, which can be realized by real water transfers and/or virtual water transfers. This study investigates the roles of virtual water trade and real water transfer using the Interregional Input-Output model. The results show that the region is receiving 19.4 billion m3/year of virtual water from the interregional trade, while exporting 16.4 billion m3/year of virtual water in the international trade. In balance, the region has a net virtual water gain of 3 billion m3/year from the outside. Its virtual water inflow is dominated by agricultural products from other provinces, totalling 16.6 billion m3/year, while its virtual water export is dominated by manufacturing sectors to other countries, totalling 11.7 billion m3/year. Both virtual water imports and real water transfers from the South to North Water Diversion Project are important water supplements for the region. The results of this study provide useful scientific references for the establishment of combating strategies to deal with water scarcity in the future.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 205-219
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1297656
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1297656
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:205-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Manufacturing Performance and Market Structure
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 397-398
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1081804
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1081804
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:397-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin H. Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Macro- and Micro-Drivers of Manufacturing Performance of China
Abstract: 
 China seems to emerge as a global industrial player in terms of manufacturing capacity and technology upgrading. Is China really an industrial power or merely a manufacturing giant? If it is truly a significant power, what accounts for China’s manufacturing success? First, we assess China’s manufacturing performance through global comparisons along three dimensions (manufacturing capacity, intensity, and quality). Then we analyze the main structural macro- and micro-drivers of manufacturing development in China, and finally we provide empirical estimations of the drivers. We find that China’s manufacturing success is real, primarily in terms of manufacturing capacity and intensity, but not yet in quality. The main drivers include China’s well-designed developmental strategy and industrial policy, large domestic and foreign investments, and increasingly improved infrastructures.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 399-412
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1081805
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1081805
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:399-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Minard
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Minard
Title: Property Rights and Investment Among Chinese Firms: The Importance of Sunk Costs
Abstract: 
 Although numerous studies have demonstrated an association between property rights and economic performance, we lack a good understanding of the channels mediating this association. This article examines data from a World Bank survey of 12,400 Chinese industrial firms and presents evidence consistent with a “sunk cost mechanism” by which property rights affect firm investment levels, new fixed asset investment being more responsive to property rights security among firms with high sunk costs. This finding is robust to two proxies for sunk costs, and is as predicted by an options model of optimal investment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 413-429
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1081806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1081806
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:413-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pattarin Adithipyangkul
Author-X-Name-First: Pattarin
Author-X-Name-Last: Adithipyangkul
Author-Name: Tak Yan Leung
Author-X-Name-First: Tak Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Title: State Ownership, Legal Institution, and Independent Director Compensation: An Exploratory Study in China
Abstract: 
 This study examines the determinants of independent director compensation in China, with particular interest in the impact of state ownership and legal institutions. Controlling for the characteristics of directors, boards, and firms, we find independent director compensation is positively related to attributes of a director’s human and social capital such as education, effort, professional expertise, and connections (guanxi). We show that independent director pay is determined differently across ownership structures. Independent directors are paid less in companies owned by local government units, and independent directors in such companies are paid less in a region with more greatly developed legal institutions. This study contributes to the limited literature on independent director compensation by extending beyond the market economies to explore the determinants of independent director compensation in a transitional economy such as China. It also adds to the literature on legal institutions by examining the impact of legal development on compensation. Finally, this study informs the public of the current compensation practice, which will facilitate future policy making.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 430-448
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1081808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1081808
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:430-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamish Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Hamish
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Andrew Dunstan
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Dunstan
Author-Name: Ben R. Marshall
Author-X-Name-First: Ben R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marshall
Title: Cultural Stock Price Clustering in the Chinese Equity Market
Abstract: 
 We use high-frequency data over a long period (1996–2009) to document the prevalence of cultural biases in the Chinese equity market where many Chinese see the numbers 8 and 4 as lucky and unlucky, respectively. We show that cultural clustering is pervasive across both exchanges and share classes but is declining over time. Cultural-driven order placement is more prevalent in higher-priced shares. The aversion to order prices ending in 4 is strong in bid orders but non-existent in ask orders, and the attraction to 8 is significantly greater in ask orders. Order prices also exhibit strategic placement to prioritize execution time.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 449-467
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1081810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1081810
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:449-467




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: EOV Editorial Board
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 468-468
Issue: 6
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1091254
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1091254
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:6:p:468-468




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaimie W. Lien
Author-X-Name-First: Jaimie W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lien
Author-Name: Wei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Jie Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Jie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Title: A Model of Capital Allocation, Education, and Job Choice in China
Abstract: 
 The narrowing wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers in the Chinese labor market in recent years is suggestive of government interventions which may have been implemented in the capital markets. We develop a game theoretic model between a continuum of heterogeneous workers and the government, where workers choose education levels, the government chooses its capital allocation strategy subject to a budget constraint, and the workers then make employment choices. The government is modeled as having a possible policy priority on particular industries or sectors. We characterize the existence and uniqueness conditions for equilibrium of the game and provide a closed form solution to the model for reasonable parameter values. We show that the wage ratio between high- and low-skilled workers decreases as government’s policy priority (or bias) toward low-skilled sectors increases, up to a threshold level of the policy bias. Beyond that threshold level, the wage gap between high- and low-skill workers is negative. Thus the shrinking wage gap can be explained by the government’s capital investment strategy which is driven by its policy priority bias. We derive comparative statics results and discuss policy implications.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 307-326
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193384
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:307-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoya (Sara) Ding
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoya (Sara)
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding
Author-Name: Meiying Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Meiying
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Ligang Zhong
Author-X-Name-First: Ligang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhong
Title: The Effect of Access to Public Debt Market on Chinese Firms Leverage
Abstract: 
 Publicly traded firms in China rely heavily on equity financing and are constrained in debt financing. Gaining access to the public debt market substantially alleviates the constraint. The debt ratio of the firms that have access to the public debt market is approximately 14 percent higher than the firms without access. Everything else being equal, gaining access to the public debt market significantly increases the debt ratio by 3.44 percent, and this increase is concentrated in long-term debt. We further find that non-SOEs enjoy greater benefits from access to the public debt market than SOEs, as evidenced by an increase in their total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio. For SOEs, the increase in long-term debt is offset by the decrease in short-term debt, which results in no change in total debt ratio. Our findings suggest the importance of access to the public debt market for Chinese firms, especially for non-SOEs that do not have privileged access to capital as do the SOEs.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 327-342
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193387
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193387
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:327-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhou Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Zhiqiang Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Title: Domestic Market Integration in China: The Role of the Financial Sector
Abstract: 
 Market integration in China has attracted substantial public attention, but little is known about the role that the financial sector plays in this process. This article is the first to empirically examine the effect of financial sector development on spatial market integration in China. Moreover, it explores the differential impacts of financial sector development across regions. Surprisingly, our results show that the development of the financial sector undermines spatial market integration in China due to local protectionism and strategic behavior. Further, the effects of various factors on market integration differ between economically developed and undeveloped areas.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 343-358
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193389
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193389
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:343-358




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jingjing Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Jingjing
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Xiaokai Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaokai
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Location Preference in Migration Decision: Evidence from 2013 China Household Finance Survey
Abstract: 
 In the presence of rapid urbanization, labor flow from urban to urban areas has become more prevalent in contemporary China. Understanding the group of urban to urban migrants is a crucial step to develop an efficient policy for sustainable economic growth in the ensuing decades. This article investigates the individual migration decision and preference for metropolitan areas in urban China. Compared to eastern China residents, individuals from interior areas have a significantly higher propensity to migrate, even after controlling for the income and welfare level of their home provinces. However, urban interprovincial migrants have reduced their moving propensity to mega cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, by 11 percent within the most recent five years. Our finding suggests that central China is experiencing a massive out-migration and is encountering a high risk of high-skill labor loss.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 359-373
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193390
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193390
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:359-373




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Cijun Fan
Author-X-Name-First: Cijun
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan
Author-Name: Dayong Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Dayong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Does the Introduction of Stock Index Futures Destabilize the Spot Market? Some Cross-Country Evidence from Asia
Abstract: 
 The role of stock index futures (SIFs) in the stock market is very much under debate in the literature. This article studies the effect of the introduction of SIFs to the spot market in China and six other Asian markets. Based on the previous literature, we develop a hypothesis that in a bull market in which bubbles and noise traders are more likely to exist, the introduction of SIFs as an arbitrage instrument may cause price reversal and increase short-term volatility in the underlying market. We examine China and six other major stock markets in Asia to test this hypothesis. Pre- and post-launch standard volatility comparison, rolling windows estimation of volatility, and Markov Switching ARCH estimation are employed in our empirical analysis. Our results are found to support our hypothesis.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 374-394
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193393
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:374-394




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoya (Sara) Ding
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoya (Sara)
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding
Author-Name: Nicholas S. P. Tay
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas S. P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tay
Title: Some Challenges to Economic Growth and Stability in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 301-306
Issue: 5
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1193394
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1193394
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:5:p:301-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Bin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Mary Ip
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Ip
Title: China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone—An Appraisal
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 221-224
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321457
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:221-224




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiaxiang Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Jiaxiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: A Retrospective View on the First Three Years of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
Abstract: 
 As a test ground for new policies, the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (SPFTZ) has been authorized for three years by the Chinese top legislature to suspend the application of certain provisions of the three foreign investment laws. Different from all the previous SEZs which have received some incentive policies from the central government, the SPFTZ has not been offered any preferential treatment. Instead, it has been encouraged to experiment with new innovative measures in administration. During the first three years of piloting reforms, the SPFTZ shall expedite the functional transformation of the government through limiting the administrative power; expand the opening up of service sectors by releasing the limitations on market access; streamline the administrative regulation on foreign investment; develop the multinational corporation headquarter economy with more sophisticated facilities, and try to experiment with new trade forms. As such, experience hence gained shall serve nationwide with new ideas and approaches in the next round of economic reforms.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 225-237
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321458
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:225-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Delei Peng
Author-X-Name-First: Delei
Author-X-Name-Last: Peng
Author-Name: Xiuyan Fei
Author-X-Name-First: Xiuyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Fei
Title: China’s Free Trade Zones: Regulatory Innovation, Legal Assessment and Economic Implication
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the construction of China’s Free Trade Zones (FTZs) from legal and economic perspectives and analyzes its economic implication. It presents the regulatory innovation on the FTZs and explains the legitimacy of the establishment of the FTZs. A full legal assessment on the FTZs is made and the weak points there of are indicated. To establish a legal assessment mechanism for the FTZs is considered as necessary to maintain a sound and sustainable development of the FTZs. In addition, the positive effect of the FTZs on the Chinese economy is analyzed and has been proven.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 238-248
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321886
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:238-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qinhua Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Qinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: The Management of Foreign Private Equity Funds Involves Foreign Investment and Foreign Exchange in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
Abstract: 
 China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone’s management model of post-establishment national treatment to foreign investors is providing replicable and propagable experiences for the comprehensive deepening reform of China. Foreign private equity funds involve foreign investment and foreign exchange management and other systems which could be a representative sample of reform. However, even after the removal of previous unnecessary regulations, the reform of the post-establishment national treatment access is not absolute equality and fully liberalized for developing a concurrent regulation and ex-post regulation framework. Specifically, there is a need to simplify procedures in the stage of establishment and use the same barriers to entry with domestic capital, adopt the “negative list” management model in the part of investment; gradually promote the liberalization of foreign exchange, and monitor whether the flow of funds is real compliance, and also, make a national security review of fund acquisitions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 249-258
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321887
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:249-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lina Shang
Author-X-Name-First: Lina
Author-X-Name-Last: Shang
Title: Intellectual Property Protection in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone-Judicial and Administrative Practice in Trademark Infringement of OEM
Abstract: 
 Trademark Infringement of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) is an important issue in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. Such trademark infringement disputes arising from conflicts between the foreign client with foreign trademark rights and the domestic trademark owner with a similar trademark on the same or similar goods are arguable since the so-called “infringement” barely results in confusing or misleading the relevant people. However, court verdicts on this issue have been inconsistent. Furthermore, the customs department’s approach in determining infringement of OEM has been restricted by the narrow scope of interpretation of the relevant provision in the trademark law. Stemming from the differing approaches taken by the courts and the administrative authority, this article attempts to trace the root of the problems and suggest viable solutions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 259-265
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321889
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321889
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:259-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Bin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Employment in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
Abstract: 
 Employment is an important issue for the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. In the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone the labor relation presents distinct international-oriented character and diverse employment forms. Correspondingly, in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone some problems relating to the employment, especially the employment of foreigner staff, are challenged by the enterprises. This article tries to put forth some suggestions on how to resolve these problems.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 266-273
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321892
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:266-273




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Bin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Arbitration Within the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
Abstract: 
 Arbitration, with its perceived benefits of economy in time and expenses, confidentiality, enforceability, neutrality, and liberty from national laws’ restraints, is the preferred choice for dispute within the SPFTZ. The establishment of the SPFTZ Arbitration Court and the promulgation of SPFTZ Arbitration Rules and the Opinions provide strong support of dispute settlement in the SPFTZ, and understanding the innovations and features of those rules will definitely help businessmen choose a better method to resolve the disputes and to the maximum extent to protect their property and rights.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 274-282
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321893
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:274-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tang Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Tang
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Junjie Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: A Study of the Anti-Monopoly Review Processes in the Shanghai Free Trade Pilot Zone
Abstract: 
 Since the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was founded in September 2013, in order to strength the degree of openness and the development of the Chinese economy, Guangdong Province, Tianjin, and Fujian Province established a free trade zone one after the other in April 2015. With the development and expansion of the free trade zones, there is no doubt that trade liberalization will promote the economic growth of China effectively. However, an important question that needs to be asked is how to balance the role of policy for promoting trade and maintaining fair competition among enterprises by the Anti-Monopoly Law (Ruan, 2007). So the way to manage the correct equilibrium between the anti-monopoly laws and policy of a free trade zone becomes an important but challenging issue. In recent years, the Chinese government has paid more attention to the process of anti-monopoly review and specific laws on anti-monopoly have been promulgated in the free trade zone. It is highly pertinent for business operators to keep abreast of the development in this area. Thus the aim of this article is to discuss the procedure and implementation of anti-monopoly review in China, analyze the anti-monopoly review in the free trade zone, and how this impacts the economic development in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (SPFTZ). 
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 283-290
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321895
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:283-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wang Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Wang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Title: Environmental Protection Review in the Free Trade Zone
Abstract: 
 One of the very important aspects of official review in the Free Trade Zone is Environmental Protection Review which included EIA reform, dangerous goods review during transportation, storage, and loading. Given China has responded seriously to this environment problem in the country lately, this article examines various measures taken by the government to fight again pollutions with particular reference to the case in the FTZ. A sample of Wang’s article begins with the introduction of the environmental effects on the economic development in the FTZ and the concrete content of environmental review in the FTZ including EIA reform on construction in the FTZ and the environmental requirement on import and export trade in the FTZ. Then, Wang explains the impact of environmental review and provides measures for enterprises facing the environmental review in the FTZ including building a conservation-minded and environmental friendly industry, and a cleaner production mechanism.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 291-296
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1321896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1321896
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:291-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jingyi Jia
Author-X-Name-First: Jingyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Jia
Title: Efficiency of Chinese Banks: A Survey and Suggested Directions for Future Research
Abstract: 
 This article reviews twenty research articles on Chinese bank efficiency. The methodologies on efficiency and the relationship between efficiency and its correlates are summarized and compared. The primary empirical results and the impact of regulation are categorized and discussed. The implications for future regulation enactments are clarified. We also point out several research remarks for future directions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 239-256
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179006
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179006
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:239-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Glenn Ko
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko
Author-Name: Teresa Ling
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling
Author-Name: Jot Yau
Author-X-Name-First: Jot
Author-X-Name-Last: Yau
Title: The Offshore Renminbi Bonds: The Dim Sum and Formosa Bonds
Abstract: 
 This study updates and compares the Dim Sum and Formosa bond markets: two major offshore RMB bond markets. The majority of Dim Sum bonds are not rated with most tenor in a range of two to three years while most Formosa bonds are rated with a maturity of three to five years. We also discuss future challenges and opportunities facing these two markets.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 287-299
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179007
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:287-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng-hua Qiao
Author-X-Name-First: Peng-hua
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiao
Author-Name: Anna Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: How Does CEO Power Affect Innovation Efficiency?
Abstract: 
 This study uses a stochastic frontier analysis to examine the effects of a chief executive officer’s (CEO’s) power with respect to technical innovation efficiency in Chinese small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) from 2007 to 2013. Our results indicate that CEO power (such as prestige, ownership, and structure) and compensation can improve the technical innovation efficiency of SMEs.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 231-238
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179017
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:231-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Firm Performance and Country Development Fund
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 229-230
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179018
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179018
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:229-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Courage Mlambo
Author-X-Name-First: Courage
Author-X-Name-Last: Mlambo
Author-Name: Audrey Kushamba
Author-X-Name-First: Audrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Kushamba
Author-Name: More Blessing Simawu
Author-X-Name-First: More Blessing
Author-X-Name-Last: Simawu
Title: China-Africa Relations: What Lies Beneath?
Abstract: 
 China’s involvement in Africa has caused much debate. The increasing presence in Africa has drawn mixed reactions from the academic and media platforms. It has been argued that China is sapping Africa’s manufacturing potential and also extracting Africa’s resources without any significant benefits to Africa. Thus China is seen as a contributor to Africa’s underdevelopment and deindustrialization. However, some have seen China as Africa’s partner for development. They see China’s presence in Africa as beneficial to China and Africa. As a result, there is no settled opinion as to whether China’s increasing presence in Africa is sustainable to Africa or whether the relationship is unsustainable. Although the relations between China and Africa are widely covered in the media, empirically the area has been underresearched. This article, therefore, contributes to literature by surveying the major political and economic issues around the China-Africa relations. The article considers several issues relevant to the China-Africa relationship.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 257-276
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179023
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179023
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:257-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chih-Ping Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Chih-Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Size and Growth of Mobile Phone Firms in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
Abstract: 
 Focusing on mobile phone firms in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, this study examined whether firm size is independent of firm growth and, specifically, whether Gibrat’s law exists in the contemporary mobile phone industry. This study empirically analyzed whether the growth process of the mobile phone industry, which centers on innovation and high technology, is random or is related to the stationary time-series properties and size of the mobile phone firms. Thus, we used the novel, advanced panel Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Augmented Dickey-Fuller (SURADF) test proposed by Breuer, McNown, and Wallace (2001) to examine the time-series properties and stability of the total assets of 10 mobile phone firms in each quarter of 2004 to 2012. The 10 firms are manufacturers based in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan that are primarily involved in producing mobile phones or mobile phone components. This study performed five conventional panel unit root tests, with the results all significantly supporting Gibrat’s law (Gibrat, 1931). In other words, the results of the general unit root tests showed that the growth of the 10 mobile phone firms was independent of firm size, indicating a random growth process. However, using the panel SURADF test, which considers the effect of cross-sectional influence among panel members and the effect of individual members in panel data, yielded significantly different test results. Specifically, one-third of the firms in Mainland China and Hong Kong and four-sevenths of those in Taiwan did not support Gibrat’s law. In addition, when the panel data set included firms from different countries, the effect of horizontal competition on the growth of the firms was more significant.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 277-286
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1179028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1179028
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:277-286




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuexing Lan
Author-X-Name-First: Yuexing
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan
Title: How Did Fiscal Policies Affect the Business Cycle Volatility in China?
Abstract: 
 This article presents an empirical study of the effect of fiscal divergence on the business cycle volatility at the provincial level in China. We use the model of Darvas, Rose, and Szapáry (2007) and Furceri (2009) to examine this relationship. We find that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the fiscal divergence and business cycle volatility across China. Our empirical results are robust with respect to the different measures of fiscal divergence and the different detrending methods. Results show that provinces with similar government budget positions tend to have smoother business cycles in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 297-304
Issue: 5
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1345267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1345267
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:5:p:297-304




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terence Tai-Leung Chong
Author-X-Name-First: Terence Tai-Leung
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong
Author-Name: Nasha Li
Author-X-Name-First: Nasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Lin Zou
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zou
Title: A New Approach to Modeling Sector Stock Returns in China
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the relationship between excess stock returns and the macroeconomy of China. A factor-augmented regression is applied to a panel of 123 monthly Chinese macroeconomic time series. Eight fundamental macroeconomic factors are identified and used to examine the excess returns in industrial, commercial, real estate, and utilities sectors of the market. It is found that interest rate, output level, as well as property supply factors possess explanatory power for sector stock returns in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 305-322
Issue: 5
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1345268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1345268
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:5:p:305-322




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yifan Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Yifan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Weimin Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Weimin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Regional Disparities in China’s Basic Pension Insurance and Labor Migration
Abstract: 
 China’s basic pension insurance is an essential part of the Chinese social security system. This study is based on a dynamic panel data for 31 provinces in China using system-GMM estimation to analyze the relativity between expenditure level of basic pension insurance and labor migration along with other factors. Both the qualitative analysis and empirical study show how resident population proportion has a negative effect on the expenditure level, while the payment rate has a positive effect on the expenditure level periodically. Population aging structured by death rate has a negative effect on the expenditure level. Thus, implementing the proposed universal pension scheme should be based on the regional disparities in basic pension insurance measured by its expenditure level. Also, transfer payment mechanism should be shaped by labor mobility.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 323-338
Issue: 5
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1345269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1345269
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:5:p:323-338




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ehsan Rasoulinezhad
Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasoulinezhad
Author-Name: Wei Wei
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wei
Title: China’s Trade with OPEC Member Countries: A Panel-Gravity Model Approach
Abstract: 
 This article is the first empirical attempt using a panel-gravity trade model to analyze the bilateral trade patterns between China and 13 OPEC member countries over the period 1998–2014. Our findings reveal that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. We confirm the existence of long-term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model-GDP, income (GDP per capita), the difference in income, exchange rate, the openness level, distance, and WTO membership—through the Fixed effects (FE), Random effects (RE), and the FMOLS approaches. The estimation results show that the trade pattern between China and OPEC member countries relies on the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theory, thus being explained by difference in factor endowments such as energy resources and technology.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 339-355
Issue: 5
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1345272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1345272
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:5:p:339-355




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanting Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yanting
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Lin Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Outward Foreign Direct Investment from China: Recent Trend and Development
Abstract: 
 Along with the economy transition and industry upgrading in China, the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) activities by Chinese enterprises have been steadily increasing during recent years. This study investigates the current status and the underlying motivations for Chinese firms to enter foreign markets. We discuss relevant economic policies that drive the recent trend of OFDI from China. The efforts by the Chinese government to promote innovations and cross-border economic collaboration paved the way for more OFDI opportunities in the future.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 356-365
Issue: 5
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1345274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1345274
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:5:p:356-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Challenges in Technology, Aging, and Market Transparency
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 423-426
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617942
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617942
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:423-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hui Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Dongwei Lou
Author-X-Name-First: Dongwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Lou
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Openness, Technology Spillovers, and Resource Misallocations: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 With an open economy and technology spillovers framework, this article develops a theoretical model that predicts resource misallocations and decomposes misallocations caused by markets forces and government interventions. Using panel data on 35 Chinese industrial sectors from 1993 to 2011, we conclude that trading with technology-leading countries worsens resource misallocations between industries and sectors, China’s inter-industrial factor allocations go against Kuznets’ theory that predicts production factors shift from less-efficient to more-efficient sectors, and the relative resource misallocation indices of the state-owned sector are higher than those of private sectors.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 427-448
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617948
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617948
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:427-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Yin
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Yin
Author-Name: Miao Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Miao
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Relating Vertical Specialization to Indigenous Technological Capability Growth: The Case of China
Abstract: 
 It remains a challenge to empirically verify whether the large scale of exports are results of China’s export-oriented growth strategy and participation in global vertical specialization (VS) and has this transformed its indigenous technological capability. In the current literature of export performance study, however, there is a methodological gap in quantifying the domestic contents of exports from total exports. Therefore, the domestic technological change cannot be clearly identified and analyzed. This article bridged the gap by employing a unique Input-Output model to derive the domestic contents from total exports and to analyze the nature of related technological change. Our data analysis of China’s exports of manufacturing products for 1992–2009 reveal: (1) China’s participation in the global vertical specialization in high-tech sector grew accelerated chronically; (2) the VS participation was more aggressive in high-tech than in the medium-tech, low-tech and resources-based sectors; and (3) the net domestic contents in China’s exports in high-tech sectors grew much faster than the other sectors. The findings indicate that China’s export-oriented growth strategy, instead of creating dependence on low-tech and resource-based exports, had led to a rapid growth in sophisticated high-tech manufacturing with its indigenous capability.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 449-463
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617951
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617951
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:449-463




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ninghua Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Ninghua
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Yanling Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yanling
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: A Push over Trade Barriers: Firms’ Access to External Finance and Their Sales Hierarchy
Abstract: 
 This article analyzes the effects of external finance on firms’ decision to choose a firm type with different sales combinations, in the presence of both domestic and international trade costs. It utilizes a World Bank survey of firms operating in China in the early 2000s with a multinomial logit method to inform the study. Based on firms’ sales destinations, we categorize firms in four exclusive types as Provincial Firms, Domestic Firms, Pure Exporters, and All Sellers to highlight domestic trade barriers across provincial borders and international trade barriers. We find that access to financial loans significantly raises firms’ odds to overcome domestic and international trade barriers by choosing a firm type with sales beyond their home provincial borders and/or overseas. The effects vary across firm ownership types of being SOEs, foreign affiliates and private firms, highlighting their inherent differences. The results indicate loans’ perceived importance, reflecting the inefficient loan allocations in China. Further, the results here help uncover the pervasiveness of China’s domestic trade barriers: access to external finance significantly increases the odds for firms to sell outside their home provinces even if they did not feel local protection and more for those if they did.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 464-487
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617952
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:464-487




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shukai Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shukai
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Donglan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Donglan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Zhuo Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Individual Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure
Abstract: 
 Previous studies have evaluated the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) but have reached no consensus about its impact on medical care utilization and expenditure. Building upon earlier literature, this article uses a simultaneous equation model to assess the impact of NCMS participation on utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure while addressing the potential bias caused by the endogeneity of insurance choice and the selection bias due to healthcare utilization. We use a national sample from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011. In addition to the simultaneous equations model, a set of other estimation strategies are used for sensitivity analysis. The estimation results confirm that the interrelationship of the NCMS participation with outpatient service decisions are different from those with inpatient service decisions. Our finding indicates that the NCMS increases medical care utilization for outpatient care (p < 0.05), but has no significant impact (p > 0.05) on (i) inpatient utilization, (ii) inpatient out-of-pocket spending, or (iii) outpatient out-of-pocket spending.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 488-504
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617956
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617956
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:488-504




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jack W. Hou
Author-X-Name-First: Jack W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hou
Title: Unorthodox Proposals for China’s Extreme Aging Population
Abstract: 
 Toward the end of the previous century, the focus on economic growth and development has shifted from overpopulation as a burden of growth toward the issue of aging population. This is a global issue, but it is especially acute for China. First, for China, the aging population is not a mere natural economic consequence of increased wealth leading to declined fertility, it is the result of a deliberate policy: the one-child policy. Second, unlike its neighbors, China is poised to become old before it becomes rich. Finally, the sheer size of China makes many policies unfeasible in other countries and regions. This study explores the nature and causes of China’s aging population, the lackluster effects of the universal two-child policy, and the uniqueness of China’s aging. To combat the potential astronomical healthcare costs of the aging population, we propose an unorthodox Self-Motivated Health Maintenance healthcare philosophy. More important, we propose the establishment of a novel Elderly Residential and Social Community to provide quality care for the elderly and children, with cost control and community orientation as the goal.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 505-526
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617957
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:505-526




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yifei Li
Author-X-Name-First: Yifei
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Jihong Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Jihong
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: The Revolving Door, Accounting Financial Experts and Stock Synchronicity: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 This article examines the effect of hiring accounting financial experts and affiliated management on the amount of firm-specific information capitalized into stock prices, as measured by stock price synchronicity, of Chinese-listed firms over the 2008–2011 period. Using manually collected data, we find the presence of accounting financial experts as top managers is associated with lower stock synchronicity, because the specialized skills possessed by accounting financial experts make top management more effective in executing and ensuring high-quality financial reporting, which facilitate the flow of credible firm-specific information to the market. In contrast, affiliated management impedes the capitalization of firm-specific information into stock prices, leading to a higher stock synchronicity. We show that the higher synchronicity effects are attributable to the impairment audit independence and financial reporting quality. Finally, our findings suggest that the relatively high synchronicity in China can be reduced by hiring top management with prior experience in financial accounting and by setting restrictions on revolving door appointment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 527-552
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617959
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617959
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:527-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 553-553
Issue: 6
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1677346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1677346
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:6:p:553-553




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung-Gay Fung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Gay
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Title: Economic Growth, Futures Markets, and Management Issues
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 251-252
Issue: 4
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1044408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1044408
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:251-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhanqi Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhanqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Title: Productivity Growth and Industrial Structure Adjustment: An Analysis of China’s Provincial Panel Data
Abstract: 
 This study has two objectives. First, we calculate China’s total factor productivity in the overall economy and manufacturing sector by a variety of methods. Second, we quantify, respectively, the impact of capital transfer and labor mobility on the overall economic and industrial total factor productivity (TFP). We use the translog production function method and Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function to calculate China’s industrial and overall economic TFP, and we test the structural-bonus hypothesis. The empirical results indicate that the TFP in both the overall economy and manufacturing sector has declined since 1993, especially after the financial crisis in 2008, although China, indeed, has experienced a high rate of productivity growth with the reform and opening policy. Considering the Verdoon effect, the structural-bonus hypothesis is not significant in China. The implication is that it is important to improve China’s productivity growth by allocating the cross-sectoral and cross-regional production factors and promoting their flows.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 253-268
Issue: 4
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1044848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1044848
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:253-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ning Ding
Author-X-Name-First: Ning
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding
Title: Consumer Credits and Economic Growth in China
Abstract: 
 Consumption played a relatively less important role historically in China’s economic growth, which has been primarily driven by exports. As the Chinese government tries to stimulate domestic demand for economic growth outlined in the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, consumer credits have become increasingly important as China’s export-led growth slows down. This article describes the status of consumer credit and presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between consumer credit and economic growth.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 269-278
Issue: 4
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1044849
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1044849
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:269-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: The Development and Challenges of China’s Futures Markets
Abstract: 
 The futures market in China started in the early 1990s as the economic reform deepened. After two decades of development, there are now four futures exchanges: Shanghai Futures Exchange, Dalian Commodity Exchange, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange, and China Financial Futures Exchange. Product innovations and regulatory changes largely contribute to the rapid expansion of the market. Several futures contracts are now among the most active contracts in the world market. With development of its futures market and efforts to open up the market to investors overseas, China’s pricing power in the global commodity market has improved over time.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 279-296
Issue: 4
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1044852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1044852
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:279-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yunlin Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Yunlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Yimo Shen
Author-X-Name-First: Yimo
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen
Author-Name: Lei Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Linking Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Outcomes in China: Does Leader-Member Exchange Make a Difference?
Abstract: 
 This study examines the moderating role of a leader-member exchange in the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and employee outcomes in China. Results of this study show that (1) a psychological contract breach influences an employee’s turnover intention, organizational identification, and organizational citizenship behaviors; and (2) leader-member exchange can be a mediating variable to affect the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational identification, organizational citizenship behavior, but cannot affect the relationship between psychological contract breach and turnover intentions in Chinese firms.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 297-308
Issue: 4
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1044856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1044856
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:297-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xinquan Tu
Author-X-Name-First: Xinquan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu
Author-Name: Kevin H. Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: International Monetary Systems and US Trade Deficits with China
Abstract: 
 Huge trade deficits seem to be a major reason for the current protectionist turn in the United States. Why does the United States run persistent trade deficits for years since 1976? What drives the large U.S.-China trade deficit? This article investigates the issue by analyzing the U.S. trade balance from 1948–2017. Three findings are as follows: (a) the deficit is closely related to the international monetary system started from 1973. Particularly, the persistent deficit since 1976 is an outcome of the U.S. dollar as international money and reserve currency; (b) the size of the U.S. trade deficit increases with the world trade and global economy; (c) countries with large economy and rapid economic growth tend to become the dominant source of the U.S. deficit, like Japan in the 1980s–1990s and China in the new century.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 377-386
Issue: 5
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617924
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617924
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:5:p:377-386




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Y. Ling Lo
Author-X-Name-First: Y. Ling
Author-X-Name-Last: Lo
Author-Name: Yanqiong Li
Author-X-Name-First: Yanqiong
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Contemporary Innovation in China
Abstract: 
 We discuss the development of contemporary innovations in China and how these innovations influence its economic success. Specifically, we present contemporary innovations of mobile payments, shared bicycles, WeChat, high-speed rail, and human-less hotels; we discuss how these innovations enhance the welfare of consumers, performance of firms, and economic growth. These innovations have helped to promote the Chinese economy by increasing its efficiency and reducing transaction costs. Thus, the fast economic growth in China is accompanied with improved quality of life among Chinese people.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 387-399
Issue: 5
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617925
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617925
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:5:p:387-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinhua Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Jinhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Junjie Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Justine Simpson
Author-X-Name-First: Justine
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson
Author-Name: Clement Lamboi Arthur
Author-X-Name-First: Clement Lamboi
Author-X-Name-Last: Arthur
Title: Membership of Chinese Farmer Specialized Cooperatives and Direct Subsidies for Farmer Households: A Multi-Province Data Study
Abstract: 
 The introduction of direct subsidies to farming households and the development of farmer cooperatives has provided two important approaches to China’s twenty-first century food policy challenges. However, research undertaken largely separates and focuses on subsidies or cooperatives. This neglects their interaction and complementarities. This article seeks to rectify this omission using a survey from 35 farmer specialized cooperatives (FSCs) and 561 farming households in 16 provinces, based on a two-stage treatment effect model. The findings suggest FSCs have become important organizations that improve farmers’ net income. Moreover, usage of agricultural machinery and direct subsidies also result in higher net income, though they have little impact on farmers’ machinery investment. The results provide an evidence source that contributes to debate concerning government subsidy policy. Policy may act more like an income transfer program, since it has little impact on farmers’ investment in agriculture. The study also highlights that there are complementary effects between FSCs and direct subsidies, and that China’s cooperative policy integrated with direct subsidies could be progressive.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 400-421
Issue: 5
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1617928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617928
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:5:p:400-421




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Introduction to Special Issue “Structural, Environmental and Financial Challenges in China”
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 367-369
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1379932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1379932
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:367-369




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Rebalancing, Deleveraging and Sustaining Growth in China
Abstract: 
 The Chinese economy is facing some critical challenges in the recent years. As it rebalances the economy away from investment and toward consumption, output growth has slowed down and the corporate sector struggles with falling profitability and increasing debt. On the other hand, the efforts to rein in credit expansion and deleverage have yielded limited success. This article analyzes China’s debt issue— the causes, patterns, and possible consequences of debt accumulation. Based on the analysis, this article provides a critical assessment of the current policy measures in dealing with rebalancing and deleveraging and proposes some alternative policy actions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 370-380
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1379934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1379934
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:370-380




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minqi Li
Author-X-Name-First: Minqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Profit, Accumulation, and Crisis: Long-Term Movement of the Profit Rate in China, Japan, and the United States
Abstract: 
 China has emerged as the center of global capital accumulation. But, there have been few studies on the movement of the profit rate in the Chinese economy. This article measures China’s economy-wide profit rate and its contributing factors from 1980 to 2015. The measurement is based on the construction of China’s business sector capital stock series, estimation of China’s labor income share, and the profit share of economic output. The movement of China’s profit rate is compared with the long-term movement of the profit rate in the United States and Japan. A comparative analysis of the three largest economies in the world helps to illustrate important developments of the global capitalist economy over the late twentieth and the early twenty-first century. This article finds that China’s profit rate is approaching a level that historically was associated with major crises in the United States and Japan. The decline of the profit rate is likely to continue in the coming years.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 381-404
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1379935
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1379935
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:381-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Haider A. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Haider A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Title: Structural Change and Energy Use in China: A SAM-based CGE Analysis
Abstract: 
 This article presents a structuralist computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for China based on a three productive activities—agriculture, energy and industry—social accounting matrix. Four simulation exercises are conducted using this model: industrial investment demand increase, industrial wage increase, exchange rate depreciation, and government spending increase in industry. Our results show that structural change associated with raising industrial labor productivity and employment-share are likely to result in simultaneous intensification of per worker energy-use and a slight reduction of energy productivity in China. Industrial wage increase creates cost-push inflation and output contraction, and exchange rate devaluation is expansionary. Furthermore, when the industrial exports are insensitive to relative price changes, currency devaluation becomes contractionary and wage increase results in a slight contraction in real GDP due to the “forced saving” effect. The model illustrates some policy challenges China faces in its attempt to achieve “green growth” objectives with a high level of employment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 405-424
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1380021
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1380021
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:405-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ying Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Ying
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Zhun Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhun
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Informal Employment and China’s Economic Development
Abstract: 
 We measure the size of informal employment using both labor market as well as energy consumption approaches. We find that the share of informal employment in total employment was increasingly most of the time between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s, and started steadily decreasing after that until now. This has two contradicting implications for the Chinese economy. On the one hand, it is good news for China’s progress in human development as the process of formalization often brings better income and welfare. On the other hand, for China’s capitalism this could be bad news since the labor costs are likely to continue increasing with a decline in the reserve army of labor.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 425-433
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1380115
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1380115
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:425-433




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 434-434
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1389155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1389155
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:434-434




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board EOV
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 6
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2017.1409462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2017.1409462
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:50:y:2017:i:6:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-Chih Chao
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Chao
Title: The Political Economy of Cooperation in Renminbi (RMB) Internationalization Between China and the ASEAN States: Opportunity and Challenge
Abstract: 
 The main argument of this article is if the collaboration between China and ASEAN members on RMB internationalization can proceed smoothly? This study explored the opportunities and challenges of both parties in their cooperation on RMB internationalization. In the cooperating on internationalizing the RMB, China and ASEAN members have encountered opportunities that are both economic and political challenges. China’s substantial economic growth and its stable currency are positive factors for China to cooperate with ASEAN. Nevertheless, several potential restraining factors remain that must be handled by both parties Economically, the uncertainties include whether China opens its capital account, how the Chinese financial market is developed, and how the economic hegemony of using the USD as a medium of exchange in bilateral transactions can be changed to using the RMB. Politically, territorial disputes, ideological differences, and the rapid growth of China’s military power remain the potential obstacles to bilateral economic cooperation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 400-413
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207966
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:400-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael C. Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Michael C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of ECFA Impact Between China-Taiwan and the ASEAN States: Opportunity and Challenges
Abstract: 
 The Cross-strait Economic Cooperation Agreement (ECFA), signed on in 2010 between China and Taiwan, is the first regional preferential agreement for Taiwan, which is seen as a significant turning point in China-Taiwan relations and a landmark to promote Asia’s overall economic development. This article introduces the ECFA’s aim and discusses its implications for future economic relations between China and Taiwan while reviewing overall and specific statistics data of trades and investment flows. With the fourth anniversary of the enactment of the ECFA, the trade volume seems to increase, but the trends and components shows a further integration in the region, implying the post-ECFA trend sheds light on China and Taiwan’s solid cooperation on production networks of information, communication, and solar panel related products with ASEAN countries, as well as the RMB internationalization opportunity for the future AIIB framework for China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 429-441
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207968
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:429-441




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of Development Between China and the ASEAN States: Opportunity and Challenge
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 395-399
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207972
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207972
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:395-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mei-Jan Kung
Author-X-Name-First: Mei-Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kung
Author-Name: Ying-Zhen Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ying-Zhen
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Wan-Ping Tai
Author-X-Name-First: Wan-Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Tai
Title: The Political Economy Analysis of China–ASEAN in Service Industrial Cooperation and Open Policy
Abstract: 
 This study was divided into three parts. First, we compared and analyzed the competitiveness of trade in services and the degree of openness of the service sectors in China and THE five member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand. Second, we empirically analyzed the panel data of the six countries. The empirical results indicated that China exhibited less competitiveness in trade in services and a lower degree of openness in the service sector compared with the other five countries. Furthermore, we determined that the competitiveness of trade in services was positively correlated with the openness of the service sector in the six countries. Third, we conclude by discussing and explaining the opening and collaboration of trade in services between China and ASEAN from political and economic perspectives.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 414-428
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207979
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207979
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:414-428




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of the GMS Development Between China and Southeast Asian Countries: Geo-Economy and Strategy Nexus
Abstract: 
 Following the rise of China, the importance of Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) has been paid much attention by great powers in East Asia. Since 1992, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has succeeded in engaging GMS economic cooperation by Japan’s dominance. As China emerged and rose in the new century, the GMS spatial development became China’s priority for economic extension by way of the “One Belt and One Road” (OBOD) policy and the settlement of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Also, taking the GMS economic corridor as a stepping stone, China will easily be able to connect and integrate the Southeast Asian economy, which is full of political and economic implications. Moreover, it will examine the trade and economic cooperation between China and GMS five countries and their development opportunities. Lastly, through GMS cooperation mechanism and operation, some economic cooperation mechanisms and development strategic logics will be generally concluded.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 442-455
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207983
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:442-455




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siyang Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Siyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Zhenjiang Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenjiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: The Political Economy of Energy Resources Between China and ASEAN States: Opportunity and Challenge
Abstract: 
 This article deals with the energy resources cooperation between China and ASEAN countries from the perspective of political economy. The first part presents the foundations of the China-ASEAN energy cooperation, where economic comparative advantages exist between them. The second part briefly reviews the energy trade, investment, exploration, and transportation cooperation between China and each ASEAN country, and the regional and international institutions for ASEAN-China energy cooperation. The third part talks about challenges and problems including South China Sea disputes, perception of China’s rise, and some ASEAN countries domestic energy policies and instabilities. In the last part, some policy suggestions are put forth for promoting China-ASEAN energy cooperation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 456-466
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1207987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1207987
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:456-466




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board EOV
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 6
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2016.1238234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2016.1238234
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:49:y:2016:i:6:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juan Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Juan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Title: Financial Innovation and Chinese Economic Reform
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 309-311
Issue: 5
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1067080
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1067080
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:5:p:309-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanping Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Yanping
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Xiaolan Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolan
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Leasing in China: An Overview
Abstract: 
 While it might have already been mature in developed economies, the leasing industry is still emerging and rising in China. The Chinese leasing market witnessed a double-digit growth in the last decade and still has potential to sustain this rapid growth in the next decade or beyond. This article aims to provide an overview of this ever-growing Chinese market, covering the leasing history, the importance to the Chinese economy and its on-going economic transition, and a comprehensive introduction to the recent market structure, performance, and legal infrastructures of the leasing industry. It is our view that although it has experienced a dramatic growth period, the Chinese leasing market still has a huge potential in that its market penetration ratio is still at a very low level, less than 5%. The article ends with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges for this market. Despite these challenges, the Chinese leasing industry is stepping into its golden era, as encouraged by the Chinese governments at both central and provincial level, to an unprecedented extent, together with the establishment of a corporate credit information system.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 312-329
Issue: 5
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1067083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1067083
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:5:p:312-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yun Ling
Author-X-Name-First: Yun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ling
Author-Name: Juan Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Juan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Author-Name: Weidi Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Weidi
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Chinese Hedge Funds - Performance and Risk Exposures
Abstract: 
 This article examines the historical performance of hedge funds domiciled in China in the aspect of return characteristics and risk exposures. Using data from the Morningstar China hedge fund database, we find that these funds do not exhibit common features such as negative skewness and large kurtosis as proposed by the literature. Our results show that these funds have a significant exposure to market factors but little exposure to the other commonly known factors. In addition, our results suggest Chinese hedge funds are exposed mainly to the local equity market only. The study additionally finds no excess returns in Chinese hedge funds. The results of this research provide some insights into the characteristics of the hedge fund industry in China where the economic and regulatory conditions are distinct from other markets.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 330-350
Issue: 5
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1067084
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1067084
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:5:p:330-350




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jing Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Ling Mei Cong
Author-X-Name-First: Ling Mei
Author-X-Name-Last: Cong
Author-Name: John Evans
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Evans
Title: Earnings Management, IPO Underpricing, and Post-Issue Stock Performance of Chinese SMEs
Abstract: 
 This article empirically examines the association between earnings management and initial public offering (IPO) performance (underpricing and post-issue stock performance) of Chinese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The analysis is based on a sample of 464 IPOs listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) SME board during 2006–2010. Consistent with our expectations, this article finds that a higher level of total discretionary accruals prior to the IPO is associated with a higher level of underpricing and poorer long-term stock performance. However, when total discretionary accruals are decomposed into current and long-term accruals, the associations are insignificant. The results are robust with respect to several alternative measures of earnings management and stock performance. Statistics also show, on average, Chinese SMEs have positive 3-year long-term stock returns relative to various benchmarks, and only firms with income-increasing accruals suffer long-term underperformance. Findings from this article add important new evidence to the literature as Chinese SME IPOs tend to perform differently compared with main board firms, likely because of their unique features.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 351-371
Issue: 5
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1067085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1067085
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:5:p:351-371




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fei Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Fei
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Shiguang Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Shiguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Ownership Characteristics and Earnings Management in China
Abstract: 
 Chinese firms are characterized by multiple ownership and high ownership concentration. In this research, we conduct an intensive investigation into the determination of ownership characteristics in earnings management behaviors for Chinese domestic listed firms. Our results indicate that earnings management is determined by the motivations of different types of ownerships. In particular, when a state agency is the largest owner, firms are less likely to undertake earnings management, although the state ownership ratio is positively associated with earnings management. Tradable ownership and particularly concentrated tradable ownership reduce earnings management, while total ownership concentration fosters earnings management.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 372-395
Issue: 5
Volume: 48
Year: 2015
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2015.1067086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2015.1067086
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:48:y:2015:i:5:p:372-395




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C. K. Burdekin
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin
Author-Name: Thomas D. Willett
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Willett
Title: China’s Global Interdependence: International Reserves, Capital Inflows, Financial Market Transmission, and Exchange Rate Determination
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 295-299
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1559021
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1559021
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:295-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanzhen Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yanzhen
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Thomas D. Willett
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Willett
Author-Name: Xiumin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Xiumin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: International Capital Flows and the Independence of China's Monetary Policy
Abstract: 
 This article estimates the quantitative relationship between international capital flows and China's monetary policy. A major innovation over most previous studies is taking into consideration the effects of changes in the reserve requirement ratio. Employing the method of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, this article translates the change in the reserve requirement ratio into the change in the monetary base, while the money multiplier remains unchanged. The change in the reserve requirement ratio is combined with the other monetary policies that directly affect the monetary base to construct an integrated measure of monetary policy. We then construct a modified offset and sterilization coefficients model. We find that the failure to take reserve requirement ratio changes into account leads to an underestimation of both the degree of sterilization and of capital mobility as measured by the offset coefficients. The results show that China's capital flows are quite limited, while China's monetary policy is able to almost completely sterilize monetary base fluctuations caused by international capital flows. Thus, we find that China has been able to maintain a great deal of domestic monetary policy independence despite a limited degree of exchange rate flexibility.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 300-317
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1559039
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1559039
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:300-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sasidaran Gopalan
Author-X-Name-First: Sasidaran
Author-X-Name-Last: Gopalan
Author-Name: Ramkishen S. Rajan
Author-X-Name-First: Ramkishen S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajan
Author-Name: Luu Nguyen Trieu Duong
Author-X-Name-First: Luu Nguyen Trieu
Author-X-Name-Last: Duong
Title: Roads to Prosperity? Determinants of FDI in China and ASEAN
Abstract: 
 Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows remain an important source of external financing for several countries in the Asian region including China and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) bloc of economies. Greenfield FDI inflows particularly have facilitated the development of regional production networks and manufacturing supply chains in Asia. While it is well known that these economies have prioritized infrastructural development as a means of developing their manufacturing prowess, to what degree has the quality of physical infrastructure actually influenced FDI inflows coming into the region? By constructing a panel data for China as well as the ASEAN bloc for two decades from 1995 to 2016, we investigate the importance of infrastructure in determining Greenfield FDI inflows into these economies. Our results strongly suggest that roads emerge as the most robust determinant of Greenfield FDI inflows to China and ASEAN.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 318-341
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1559092
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1559092
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:318-341




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuan Tian
Author-X-Name-First: Yuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian
Author-Name: Eric J. Pentecost
Author-X-Name-First: Eric J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pentecost
Title: The Changing Sources of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations in China, 1995–2017: Twinning the Western Industrial Economies?
Abstract: 
 Relative real demand shocks are the most important source of real exchange rate fluctuations for most countries, including China, but prior to 2005 supply shocks were also large and highly significant. Whereas China’s pegged exchange rate policy rendered nominal (monetary) shocks unimportant, the shift to a more flexible exchange rate policy made nominal shocks a more important source of real exchange rate variability. Using a structural VAR model and quarterly data on China from 1995 to 2017, impulse response and variance decomposition analysis suggest that, although real relative demand shocks remain the main source of real exchange rate fluctuations, nominal shocks have become much more important in both absolute terms and relative to supply shocks. This suggests that, since adopting a managed floating exchange rate regime, the sources of China’s real exchange rate fluctuations have become similar to those of developed industrial countries. This stands in contrast to the fact that, despite being the world’s largest manufacturing economy, China is still classified as a developing country.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 358-376
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1559123
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1559123
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:358-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard C. K. Burdekin
Author-X-Name-First: Richard C. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burdekin
Author-Name: Junjie Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Macroeconomic Drivers of Chinese ADRs: Home Country vs. US Effects
Abstract: 
 The potential connections between macroeconomic variables and the stock market becomes less straightforward for shares issued in one country but traded in another. Whereas past work has suggested that cross-listed stocks respond to country-specific sentiment factors in the location of trade, in this article we show how Chinese ADRs also generally respond more to U.S. macroeconomic developments than to home-country influences. Following the application of Markov-switching analysis, we find that Chinese macroeconomic effects become relatively more important during times of crisis, however. Particularly large responses to Chinese macroeconomic variables are seen in the case of a Chinese closed-end fund that trades in the United States, but invests directly in Shanghai A-shares.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 342-357
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2018.1559127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2018.1559127
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:342-357




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong-qin Su
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-qin
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Author-Name: Yuyang Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Yuyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: The Information Role of Comment Letters: Evidence from Institutional Investors’ Informed Trading
Abstract: 
 We use a unique data set of 6,954 firm-year observations to investigate the information content of comment letters released by the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). The information role appears to be negatively associated with institutional investors’ informed trading. The comment letters, which increase more media coverage, decrease the institutional investors’ informed trading. Our results are robust across alternative measures and the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The negative relationship is more pronounced in firms with low analysts’ coverage, non-big 4 auditors, non-SOEs, and transient institutional investors. Our results suggest that comment letters are able to decrease information asymmetry and the stock exchange can play an active regulatory role to improve the stock market. 
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 133-157
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1688002
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1688002
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:133-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerry Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: China’s Policy Response to the China US Trade War: An Initial Assessment
Abstract: 
 The China US trade war had been looming since January 2018, effectively started on 6 July 2018, calmed down since December 2018 until April 2019, has now entered a second stage after the US decided to increase previous tariffs of 10% levied in US $200 billion worth of Chinese goods to 25% on 10 May 2019. This study reviews the policy response from the Chinese authorities during January 2018–April 2019 by looking at the fiscal stimulus, monetary stimulus and other institutional reforms. Finally, this study concludes that the Chinese government has changed its policy focus from the traditional demand-side economics such as the 2008–09, 2012 and 2015–16 stimulus to supply-side economics such as the 2018–19 stimulus.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 158-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1688003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1688003
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:158-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chuang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Chuang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Evangelos Giouvris
Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos
Author-X-Name-Last: Giouvris
Title: The Impact of Foreign Bank Entry on Chinese Banks and Financial Liberalization: Recent Evidence
Abstract: 
 Opening the market to foreign investors is an action which the Chinese government will take under the pressure of economic globalization. However, the impact on domestic firms and market needs to be investigated. This study uses disaggregate measures (foreign exposure index) to analyze how the entry of foreign banks affects domestic banks and the financial markets unlike previous studies which tend to employ aggregate measures (foreign banks number and foreign bank assets share). The results show that the entry of foreign banks has a significantly positive impact on the performance of domestic banks, which is in favor of the process of domestic financial liberalization.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 177-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1688004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1688004
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:177-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zahid Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zahid
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Guo Changgang
Author-X-Name-First: Guo
Author-X-Name-Last: Changgang
Author-Name: Muhammad Afzaal
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Afzaal
Title: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor at the Cross Intersection of China, Central Asia and South Asia: Opportunities for Regional Economic Growth
Abstract: 
 Pakistan’s geographical location is ideal for China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Project, and it formally recognizes as an iconic model of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) plan. This corridor is laid at the cross intersection of three regions of economic growth include: China, Central Asian Republics and South Asia. It plays a vital role of inter-connectivity between these three regions, where three billions of inhabitants live, which is roughly half of the world population. The central argument of the paper is sternly conceptual and based on the subsequent arguments: foremost, the foundation of CPEC project is a green signal for the regional connectivity, mutual cooperation, economic growth and stability of the entire region of South and Central Asia. Secondly, the topographical position of Pakistan has an incredible potential for corridor development and manipulation process. Thirdly, due to the iconic model of belt and road initiative plan, the CPEC corridor has broad potential for regional economic growth because of shared boundaries and cross intersection position with China, CARs and South Asia. Finally, with the copious fruitful opportunities, this project facades somber challenges internally and outwardly. Hence, this study uses a positive-sum logic to analyze central argument and also discusses the policy inputs that may be prolific for regional growth and reforms of the project.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 200-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2019.1688005
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2019.1688005
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:200-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoya (Sara) Ding
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoya (Sara)
Author-X-Name-Last: Ding
Author-Name: Ligang Zhong
Author-X-Name-First: Ligang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhong
Title: Challenges and Opportunities in China’s Financial Markets
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 217-220
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1720956
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1720956
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:217-220




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Hua
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Wenjin Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Wenjin
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Liang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Liang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Systemic Risk of China’s Financial System (2007–2018): A Comparison between ΔCoVaR, MES and SRISK across Banks, Insurance and Securities Firms
Abstract: 
 China’s stock market crash in 2015 aroused scholarly attention on financial systemic risk in China. Using data on China’s stock market from January 5, 2007 to September 28, 2018, this study calculated three different measures of systemic risk, i.e., temporal fluctuation of financial institutions’ contribution to systemic risk (CoVaR), sensitivity of financial institutions to systemic risk (MES) and long-run expected capital shortfall (SRISK), to assess the formation, occurrence, and consequences of systemic risk in China. The results show that ΔCoVaR and MES exhibited an abnormal rise during the outbreak of the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2015 domestic stock market crash, whereas SRISK showed a steady increase throughout the observation window, indicating China’s ever-growing SRISK despite the CoVaR and MES. More importantly, regardless of temporal fluctuation, (1) the vast majority of systemic risk comes from banks, followed by insurance firms, which is shown by the institutions’ ranking in terms of ΔCoVaR; (2) securities firms followed by insurance firms are exposed to more systemic risk as indicated by short-run expected equity loss (i.e., MES); and (3) banks accumulate more SRISK than any other financial institution. The findings suggest that, in the event of a severe Chinese financial crisis, likely banks will endure the greatest amount of capital shortfall, whereas securities firms will suffer more short-run loss proportionally and thus risk a higher probability of bankruptcy. We conclude with a comparison of systemic risk in financial systems between China and the USA and policy implications.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 221-245
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1720962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1720962
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:221-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lei Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Huimin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Huimin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Dazhi Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Dazhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Title: Institutional Industry Herding in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the effect of institutional herding on future stock returns in China A-share market at both the market and industry level from 2003 to 2012. Using a unique institutional holding database, we test the herding effect at different time horizons. The results suggest that institutional herding has a significantly positive effect on future excess returns for A shares in the short, medium and long periods of time. In China A-share market, institutional herding is more significant on buy side than sell side due to short sell restrictions. At the industry level, manufacturing and construction sectors experience institutional herding effect at all time horizon. Financial industry is found to present significant institutional herding effect only in the long term. The institutional herding has a positive and significant impact on the medium-term and long-term excess stock returns in the rest of ten sectors.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 246-264
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1720963
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1720963
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:246-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jun Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Huimin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Huimin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Dazhi Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Dazhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Title: The Impact of Margin-Trading and Short-Selling on Stock Price Efficiency—Evidence from the Fifth-Round Ban Lift in the Chinese Stock Market
Abstract: 
 This article investigates how margin-trading and short-selling affect stock price efficiency in the Chinese stock market. Using a sample of 205 stocks that are allowed to do margin-trading/short-selling in China after the fifth-round ban lift in 2014, we conducted fixed-effect panel regressions with three proxies for stock price efficiency. The findings support that price efficiency for these stocks is much higher than those that are not. The stocks that are newly added to the list of margin-trading and short-selling also see their price efficiency improve after the event compared to before the event. During a bull market, short selling improves stock price efficiency possibly through increasing liquidity, less information asymmetry, and broader investor base. On the other hand, during a bear market, margin-trading improves efficiency possibly through only liquidity and ownership breadth channels.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 265-284
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1721017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1721017
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:265-284




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qin Shang
Author-X-Name-First: Qin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shang
Author-Name: Zhenzhong Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenzhong
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Author-Name: Xueyang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xueyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: In Search of the Best Interest Rate for Group Lending: Toward a Win–Win Solution for SMEs and Commercial Banks in China
Abstract: 
 To better help resolve the dilemma of more demand for bank lending and increasing defaulted bank loans, this paper develops a pricing model on SMEs’ group lending practice using a gaming method. The optimization method and the game analysis are used to model the dynamical interest rates of group lending in order to maximize the profits for SMEs and to guarantee basic income for commercial banks. A simulated empirical analysis is used to obtain the optimal lending rate and expected profits, and the results provide support for the proposed model. The result of this study provides valuable insights on designing effective incentives to encourage commercial banks to provide funds to SMEs and to encourage SMEs to pay back the loans to commercial banks, and thus is able to help resolve the funding dilemma between commercial banks and small and medium enterprises in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 285-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1722359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1722359
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:285-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanjie Shang
Author-X-Name-First: Yanjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Shang
Author-Name: Haiyun Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Zhenzhong Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenzhong
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Venture Investors’ Monitoring and Product Innovation Performance in Serial Crowdfunding Projects: An Empirical Test
Abstract: 
 An increasing number of entrepreneurs have used crowdfunding to raise funds for their startups. While crowdfunding has attracted many entrepreneurs and investors, serial crowdfunding provides a new way to meet the financing needs of startups at different stages of development. Based on 281 serial crowdfunding projects that have raised funds in three key crowdfunding networks in China, this study investigates the impact of venture investors’ monitoring of crowdfunding projects on product innovation performance in the follow-up projects. The results show that venture investors’ monitoring of crowdfunding projects has a positive impact on product innovation in the follow-up projects, and the financing performance mediates the relationship between venture investors’ monitoring and product innovation. This result can help venture capital better understand the impact of crowdfunding projects on financing performance and further on product innovation in follow-up projects, which will have important practical implications. The findings of this study can also help increase the popularity crowdfunding as a new financing tool in China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 300-314
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1721045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1721045
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:300-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Public Financing, Credit and Debt in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 315-316
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1729419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1729419
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:315-316




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: RMB Internationalization and Financing Belt-Road Initiative: An MMT Perspective
Abstract: 
 The Belt Road Initiative (BRI) is a global development plan that sets out to invest trillions of dollars in infrastructure within the coming decade in over 60 countries. Financing the BRI has come mainly from the Chinese government funded development banks, commercial banks and investment funds. BRI investment has done primarily in the US dollar, which is not a sovereign currency for the Chinese government. As China’s current account surplus narrowed and foreign exchange reserves shrank, the affordability of the BRI becomes questionable. From the Modern Money Theory’s perspective, it is much more desirable, or even necessary, to use the Chinese RMB as the main investment vehicle currency. However, despite the RMB internationalization efforts by the Chinese government in the recent years, especially after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, RMB internationalization is still quite limited. Financing BRI presents a difficult dilemma for China because on the one hand, continuing with dollar investment requires much capital account and exchange rate management, which hinders RMB internationalization; on the other hand, RMB internationalization, which is desirable for BRI investment, requires more liberalization of the capital account and exchange rate regime. Based on the Modern Money Theory, this paper reveals some of the implications of the connections between RMB internationalization and BRI financing.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 317-328
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1728478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1728478
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:317-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lili Li
Author-X-Name-First: Lili
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Hanyu Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Hanyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Author-Name: Hongmei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Hongmei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Government Finance and Money Creation in China: An MMT Perspective
Abstract: 
 The traditional theory of money creation and supply has been widely questioned and criticized after the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. The existing empirical research on China’s money supply has been basically based on this traditional theoretical framework of “monetary base-money multiplier,” and ignored the important role of government finance in money creation. From the perspective of MMT, this paper investigates the evolution of the role of fiscal policy in China’s money creation, and analyzes the macroeconomic impact of the fiscal creation of money. In the past 70 years, China has experienced a planned economy regime, a fiscal dominance regime and a monetary dominance regime. And during this time the dominant mode of money creation has gradually shifted from fiscal creation to credit creation, to the extent that the old fiscal creation mode has been ignored or even disdained. However, the fiscal creation of money is still of great importance. Compared with credit creation, it helps to promote the development of real economy, reduce systemic financial risks and narrow the wealth gap. This article argues that China should increase the contribution of fiscal expansion to money creation and reduce the dependence of money growth on credit, so as to better achieve the three goals of stable growth, risk prevention and structural adjustment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 329-341
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1728481
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1728481
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:329-341




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shujuan Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shujuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Peishen Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Peishen
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Title: Does Local Government Debt Promote China’s New Urbanization?
Abstract: 
 Local government debt played a vital role in China’s urbanization. But its influence on the new urbanization is not clear. Based on the definition of new urbanization, the paper focuses on the characteristics of local government debt and whether local government debt can meet the needs of new urbanization. The empirical research shows that local government debt promotes the urbanization rate, infrastructure supply and public products supply. But it is not conducive to the increase of urban residents’ income, which is the important component of new urbanization. The influence of local government debt on new urbanization is different at different stages of new urbanization. The suggestion is that local government should use local government debt, private capital and foreign capital reasonably considering regional and development stage characteristics, instead of debt only to accelerate the development of new urbanization.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 342-354
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1728482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1728482
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:342-354




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ting Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Ting
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Yifei Qin
Author-X-Name-First: Yifei
Author-X-Name-Last: Qin
Author-Name: Xiaojuan Ai
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaojuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ai
Title: Research on the Measurement of the Safe Scale of Bonds in Central China
Abstract: 
 In the context of “the new normal”, the downward pressure on China’s economy has increased, and the gap between fiscal revenue and expenditure has become prominent. Government bonds have become one of the important financing tools for local governments. In the process of issuing bonds, how to determine the bonds’ scale and control risks has become a new problem for governments at all levels. The paper uses the improved KMV model to measure the safe scale of bonds in six provinces in central China, specifically Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, and Jiangxi province. In order to assess local government’s guaranteed fiscal revenue accurately, the paper adds central-to-local transfer payments to the general public budget revenue, and minus the provincial rigid expenditures and due debts. The empirical results show that the safe scale of bonds in central China is small, and there is no space for issuing new bonds in Hunan, Hubei and Henan province. Based on the results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as regulation of the scale of local government bonds and establishment of local government debt service reserve system.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 355-362
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1728488
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1728488
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:355-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Industrial Policy and Technology Innovation under the US Trade War against China
Abstract: 
 Industrial policy (IP) toward technology innovation (TI) is a focus of the US trade war against China. The US is forcing China to stop IP uses in promoting TI that directly threaten the US technology leaders, like its reaction to China’s plan of “Made in China 2025”. Does China have too many IP? Does the US use IP? What TI patterns affect IP? This paper develops the following points as conclusions: (a) Due to market failures, all countries implement IP in their economic development; (b) original innovation (OI) involves a lot of risks and uncertainties such that entrepreneurship rather than government plays a key role, while imitation innovation (II) is much less risky and uncertain so that more rooms are left for IP; (c) technology-leading countries like the US has to conduct OI to maintain their advantages, and catching-up countries like China do more II, thus more IP are adopted in China than the US; and (d) the US engaged substantially IP in the history and is deploying various IP to meet challenges from China; and (e) economic and political institutions matter.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 363-373
Issue: 5
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1730553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1730553
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:5:p:363-373




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hameed Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Hameed
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Umair Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Umair
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Muhammad Asif Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Asif
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Title: Causal Nexus between Economic Complexity and FDI: Empirical Evidence from Time Series Analysis
Abstract: 
 The rapid economic emergence of China is credited to be its products and economic complexity. Foreign direct investment, with its better-embedded knowhow and technology, is one of the main drivers for the higher economic complexity of China. By applying the ARDL and VECM approaches; this study confirms the long-run bidirectional and short-run unidirectional causal relationship between economic complexity and foreign direct investment. Besides, we include additional control variables such as institutional quality, information & communication technology, trade openness, per capita GDP, domestic investment, and human capital, which are found robust in our analysis.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 374-394
Issue: 5
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1730554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1730554
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:5:p:374-394




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lubna Uzair
Author-X-Name-First: Lubna
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzair
Author-Name: Ahmad Nawaz
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Nawaz
Title: The Epoch of Free Trade Agreements in Pakistan and Predominance of China
Abstract: 
 The study empirically analyses the free trade agreements of Pakistan implicitly and China-Pakistan agreement explicitly by utilizing data of major trade partners of Pakistan from 1996 to 2018. For modeling the impact of trade agreements, gravity equation augmented with different variables, to accommodate zones of trade liberalization of Pakistan. To estimate the equation, feasible generalized least square used in a setting of panel data by controlling for country pair-specific and time-specific effects. Estimates of an extended gravity-based specification reflect that trade liberalization with Malaysia, and Sri Lanka is not as effective as with China and the trade agreement with China is only welfare-led. However, the imports from China are more responsive to free trade agreements as compare to export to China. The findings suggest the next round of negotiations for another phase of the agreement with consideration of the provision of market access to Pakistani exporters.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 395-411
Issue: 5
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1730563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1730563
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:5:p:395-411




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chuang Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Chuang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Evangelos Giouvris
Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos
Author-X-Name-Last: Giouvris
Title: Firm Survival between Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Industries: Cultural Distance, Country Risk, Entry Mode, Market Size, Firm Age and Location
Abstract: 
 Survival in a foreign market is not always the same as in the home market. This study examines interaction effects between cultural distance, country risk, entry mode, firm age, investment location and market size on firm survival. A distant culture is related to a lower survival rate but the greater the market size and the older the firm, the less severe the effect. Wholly owned subsidiaries have the highest survival rate. However, as market size and the age of the firm grow, the survival rate of equity joint ventures increases while that of wholly owned subsidiaries remains unaffected. Country risk is negatively related to survival rate. The negative impact of country risk in Eastern China is lower than any other region of China and manufacturing firms suffer less negative impact of country risk and cultural distance than non-manufacturing firms.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 412-431
Issue: 5
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1730564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1730564
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:5:p:412-431




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai-Ming Fong
Author-X-Name-First: Wai-Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Fong
Author-Name: Ming Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Xiaojian Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaojian
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: A Loan-level Investigation of Chinese Credit Guarantee
Abstract: 
 Using a loan-level dataset on a big private-owned credit guarantor in Guangdong province, we study how the guarantor manages risk. In a typical bank-guarantor collaboration agreement, the bank may cherry-pick a borrower to co-sponsor the loan with the guarantor so as to share the default risk, the guarantee fee and the collateral. Borrowers with no bank co-sponsorship should be riskier than borrowers with bank co-sponsorship, so the guarantor may treat these two types of borrowers differently. We find that the borrowers with guarantor’s sole sponsorship pay higher guarantee fee, pledge more collateral, and are granted shorter loan maturity than the borrowers with bank co-sponsorship, and that the loan amount is not affected by the absence of bank’s co-sponsorship.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 433-454
Issue: 6
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1792066
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1792066
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:6:p:433-454




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yongqing Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yongqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Yuan’s Valuation under Managed Floating Exchange Rate Regime
Abstract: 
 To U.S. politicians, the undervaluation of the Chinese yuan is usually blamed for the tremendous trade deficit between the U.S. and China. This study examines the yuan’s valuation under the Managed Floating Exchange Rate regime through three methods. We compare the real effective exchange rate for U.S. and China; actual and PPP estimated bilateral exchange rates; and actual and a multi-currency basket approach for estimated exchange rates. Although the results are not the same when different methods are used, our results suggest that, since the beginning of the Managed Floating Exchange Rate regime, the Chinese yuan has been undervalued only for a few years. After that, the yuan is either overvalued or fluctuates moderately between overvaluation and undervaluation, depending on which method is used. Therefore, there is no evidence that the yuan has been undervalued all the time. More importantly, it seems the price of the yuan has been relatively fair in the last couple of years no matter which valuation method is used.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 455-464
Issue: 6
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1792067
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1792067
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:6:p:455-464




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Quan Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Quan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Online Consumption and Income Efficiency: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Online shopping has becomes more and more popular in China largely due to the convenience and competitive prices of online products and services. This paper discusses fours issues related to online shopping. Using data from the Chinese Household Financial Survey 2013 and 2015, we find that online shopping is a more common practice for higher income earners, youngsters, women, married couples, better educated citizens, urban residents, and smartphone users. Online consumption is affected by similar factors. We observe the concavity of income on household total consumption and money savings due to online shopping. We conclude that online shopping improves the income efficiency on household total consumption. Using smartphones does not promote total consumption, although it increases online consumption.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 465-476
Issue: 6
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1792068
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1792068
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:6:p:465-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zahid Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zahid
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Guo Changgang
Author-X-Name-First: Guo
Author-X-Name-Last: Changgang
Author-Name: Muhammad Afzaal
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Afzaal
Author-Name: Riaz Ahmad
Author-X-Name-First: Riaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad
Author-Name: Samuel Aron Issack
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aron Issack
Title: Debunking Criticism on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Abstract: 
 The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a pilot flagship project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Although this project has been received in a relatively positive manner by actors regionally and worldwide, it has also been subject to serious criticisms in domestic and international publications. These criticisms include the claims that Pakistan might become a colony or province of China, and that Pakistan is faced with a debt-trap as a result of Chinese loans. This article outlines these claims and proceeds to show that neither stands up to close scrutiny. Moreover, the article approach is alienated into two parts; first, looks at how the distinctive criticism propagated by critics whilst secondly, a critical approach is used to debunk all these criticism with the help of respondents’ reactions. Consequently, it may provide few policy recommendations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 477-487
Issue: 6
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1792065
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1792065
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:53:y:2020:i:6:p:477-487




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: Perception and Strategy of ASEAN’s States on China’s Footprints under Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Perspectives of State-Society-Business with Balancing-Bandwagoning-Hedging Consideration
Abstract: 
 This special issue will propose that the changing relations among state-market-society in ASEAN’s states will play the crucial impact toward China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Under such circumstances, the changing state-market-society relations from internal and external impacts will reshape or modify their development strategy on China’s footprint in ASEAN by way of adopting balancing, bandwagoning, cooperating, or hedging consideration. The hedging strategical framework can be constructed and analyzed on each ASEAN’s country how to effectively deal with China’s economic and political involvement. It will be concerned that the hedging strategic framework is a combination of consideration on resisting, balancing, bandwagoning, and cooperating measures in order to efficiently and rationally deal with great powers like China, in different aspects and degrees. The application of general hedging framework is a kind of risk and benefit management strategy for ASEAN states toward China’s dominance on BRI that is smartly used by ASEAN states to pursue economic gains and to enjoy relative political autonomy at the same time.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-8
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809813
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:1-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kok Fay Chin
Author-X-Name-First: Kok Fay
Author-X-Name-Last: Chin
Title: Malaysia’s Perception and Strategy toward China’s BRI Expansion: Continuity or Change?
Abstract: 
 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI − also known as One Belt One Road (OBOR)−is undoubtedly one of People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) largest yet most controversial development program of its kind worldwide. In the light of the controversy, the paper aims to study Malaysia’s perception and strategy toward China’s BRI expansion since the Najib’s administration. Based on the political economy analysis of Malaysia’s response from Najib to Mahathir 2.0 administrations, the paper focuses on the interaction between state and non-state actors such as the corporations, political parties and non-government organizations (NGOs). Particular attention will be given to the question of what accounts for the continuity or change in Malaysia’s perception and strategy toward China’s BRI expansion during the two different administrations. Given the institutional setting that gives rise to concentration of political and economic power in the hand of prime minister in Malaysia, its leadership plays a vital role in shaping the outcome of China’s BRI expansion in the country.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 9-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809814
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:9-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Author-Name: Kyaw Htet Aung
Author-X-Name-First: Kyaw Htet
Author-X-Name-Last: Aung
Title: Myanmar’s Perception and Strategy toward China’s BRI Expansion on Three Major Projects Development: Hedging Strategic Framework with State-Market-Society Analysis
Abstract: 
 After the political transition of Myanmar in 2011, Myanmar toward China’s engagement strategy has led the changes from the state-to-state relations into the multi-layered relations and even into open domestic and foreign connection. Myanmar’s foreign policy has also challenged the Beijing’s economic and political interests in Myanmar in terms of major economic projects such as the case of Myanmar’s Government one-sided suspension for Myit Sone Dam projects in Kachin State, Kyauk Phyu Deep Sea Port, New Yangon Development Project, and Special Economic Zones (SEZs) projects along the China-Myanmar Border. In this sense, it could be interesting to find the Myanmar’s hedging policy on China’s engagement and China’s responses to Myanmar’s development. Moreover, Myanmar has agreed the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) which is strategically important for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Among the various China’s BRI projects in Myanmar, every case has the different characteristic, pattern, and situation, in terms of the different fundamental interaction relations among the state, market and society. Thus, this research paper seeks the three unique cases of BRI projects in Myanmar from the political economic hedging framework via the state-market-society perspective, such as the Kyauk Phyu Deep Sea Port Project (currently running), Myit Sone Done Projects (currently suspending), and the New Yangon Development Project (still negotiating). Three major projects in Myanmar stand for three different patterns of Myanmar’s state-market-society relations and their general hedging considerations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 20-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809815
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809815
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:20-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tirta Nugraha Mursitama
Author-X-Name-First: Tirta Nugraha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mursitama
Author-Name: Yi Ying
Author-X-Name-First: Yi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ying
Title: Indonesia’s Perception and Strategy toward China’s OBOR Expansion: Hedging with Balancing
Abstract: 
 Indonesia has an ambitious infrastructure improvement plan because President Joko Widodo prioritizes infrastructure development for maritime sector development planning. Based on the vision of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) of Indonesia, BRI is in line with national interests in the vision of GMF. BRI is related to three of the five pillars contained in the GMF vision, namely maritime connectivity, maritime economy, and maritime culture. This article discusses Indonesia's perceptions and strategies in the BRI framework, and how Indonesia and China balance each other so that cooperation between the two countries impacts on economic growth and prosperity for Indonesia. Finally, for the Global Maritime Fulcrum-Belt and Road Initiatives (GMF-BRI) to synergize and achieve the vision set by the governments of China and Indonesia, mutual economic cooperation is needed. President Joko Widodo has demonstrated his leadership and ability to navigate Indonesia by implementing a hedging strategy with a sense of balance rather than joining in with China via bandwagoning. He showed his firmness in inviting foreign investors, especially from China, but he has strong principles in maintaining the sovereignty and dignity of this country.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 35-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809816
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809816
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:35-47




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-Chih Chao
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Chao
Title: The Philippines’ Perception and Strategy for China’s Belt and Road Initiative Expansion: Hedging with Balancing
Abstract: 
 The Duterte administration has adopted a positive attitude toward China; however, Filipino people are cautious in cooperating with China because of Chinese behavior in the South China Sea dispute and the country’s increasing influence on the world economy and regional security. The Filipino business sector’s stance on this collaboration is closer to that of the government’s because the BRI is perceived as a good business opportunity. Although there are diverging stances toward China and the BRI among state, people, and businesses in Philippines, these differences have not influenced President Duterte’s decision to cooperate with China under the framework of the BRI. The Duterte administration shelved differences pertaining to the South China Sea dispute first and then participated in the Chinese government’s BRI. Philippines’ government has tried to combine China’s funding and technology with Philippines’ Build, Build, Build program to improve domestic infrastructure, expand export of agriculture products to China, and increase economic growth rate. The Duterte administration has thus expanded cooperation with China for benefits in terms of economy, trade, science and technology, agriculture, education, tourism, and infrastructure through the BRI. The implications of the above actions taken by Philippines’ government include promotion of Philippines’ economic and infrastructure developments and elimination of security threats from China without the United States’ support through cooperation with China by participation in the BRI. Hence, shelving the South China Sea dispute is a means of promoting cooperation between the Philippines and China. The Duterte administration hopes to neutralize the effects of the pro-United States foreign policy in the past by cooperating with China in favor of maximum national interest.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 48-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809817
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809817
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:48-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Van-Hoa Vu
Author-X-Name-First: Van-Hoa
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Author-Name: Khac-Nghia Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Khac-Nghia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: Vietnam’s Perceptions and Strategies toward China’s Belt and Road Initiative Expansion: Hedging with Resisting
Abstract: 
 China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which was launched by Xi Jinping in 2013 seemingly draws a great picture of mutual development with a lot of promises in term of financial and technological supports to infrastructure development projects in a large number of countries. Such promises sound good to many countries including Vietnam, a developing country who is in its capital thirst. However, Vietnam’s reaction to this Initiative in particular and to China’s strategic intentions in general is not easy to understand. Vietnam’s perceptions on the BRI have varied across many different social spectra. Based on those common understandings, Vietnam’s strategies toward China and its BRI are a mixture of seemingly contradictory policies which show either their supports (bandwagonig strategy) or denials (balancing strategy) or both simultaneously. However, it is in fact hedging strategy which is a flexible combination of both bandwagoning and balancing strategies is working comprehensively in various spheres.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 56-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809818
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809818
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:56-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piratorn Punyaratabandhu
Author-X-Name-First: Piratorn
Author-X-Name-Last: Punyaratabandhu
Author-Name: Jiranuwat Swaspitchayaskun
Author-X-Name-First: Jiranuwat
Author-X-Name-Last: Swaspitchayaskun
Title: Thailand’s Perception and Strategy toward China’s BRI Expansion: Hedging with Cooperating
Abstract: 
 BRI is regarded as the New Silk Road of the 21st century, comprising Silk Road Economic Belt or “One Belt”. It is a land bridge, an economic corridor and Maritime Silk Road or “One Road” serving as maritime shipping route. If considering this path in terms of the impact on Thailand, it is obvious that both routes do not pass directly through Thailand, But their development have impacts on the economy and the security of Thailand, like a jigsaw that completes the communication network and those who may gain or lose benefits on these trade routes. Therefore, China is trying to drive mechanisms from multilateral cooperation in the form of state to state, negotiations at the official level, cooperation at operational level and coordination between the private sectors in order to have more involvement in trade, investment and transportation under BRI plan and its geo-politic and geo-economic strategies.This study aimed to investigate Thailand’s Perception and Strategy toward China’s BRI Expansion. The results revealed that although Thailand has already signed cooperation with China in various projects under the BRI framework, both in the development of transportation networks and preparation for driving the economy. Nevertheless, various projects and cooperation have not progressed much. Academics, civil servants and politicians in Thailand made negative comments against China’s BRI strategy and remarks of distrust of China connected with its past images, such as the lack of confidence in China's technology- mentioning its lack of safety. More importantly, they feared that China’s BRI was a plan to dominate Thailand.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 69-77
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1809819
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1809819
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:69-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hui-Zheng Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Hui-Zheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Shi-Long Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shi-Long
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Kevin H. Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: An Anatomy of China’s Export Boom: An Approach of Trade Margins#
Abstract: 
 Using export data with 6-digit HS categories for 1995-2018, we decompose China’s export growth into three margins: extensive (EM), price (PM), and quantity (QM). Our estimations suggest that over the 23-year period, QM is a main driving force of China’s export boom, accounting for 62% of total contributions, while PM and EM also make significant contributes (26% and 12%, respectively). Dynamic analyses based on four sub-periods suggest informative patterns of export upgrading due to external and internal shocks. In 1995-2001, PM and EM are overwhelming drivers, and QM is even negative. The trade liberalization as China’s entering World Trade Organization in 2001 seems to trigger a dominant role of QM in China’s explosive export growth in 2001-2013, with slight negative PM in the same two sub-periods. The contribution of EM is negligible in 2001-2008, and negative in 2008-2013 due to falling world demand as a result of the global financial crisis. In more recent years (2013-2018), China’s export growth depends more on PM (39% of contributions) and EM (33%), less on QM (28%), suggesting a significant export upgrading.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 79-91
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1830229
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1830229
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2020:i:2:p:79-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JingJing (Justine) Wang
Author-X-Name-First: JingJing (Justine)
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: John S. Croucher
Author-X-Name-First: John S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Croucher
Title: Ripple Effects of House Prices of China’s Three key Regions Including First Tier and Second Tier Main 29 Cities
Abstract: 
 This paper identifies the ripple effects of house prices of China’s key three regions including first tier 5 cities (LOG(ALL5)), second tier top 8 cities (LOG(ALL8)) and second tier 16 cities (LOG(ALL16)) for 2010Q1 to 2019Q2 periods, together with the impulses from fixed assets investments toward China three key regions’ house prices covering period from 2010Q1 to 2019Q2. The empirical analysis is conducted using the robust econometric multiple frameworks, undertaken the forms of principal component method (PC), VAR and Generalized Impulse Response (GIR) techniques. Over the 20 quarters tested, strong evidences of ripple effects were found from Q1 to Q10. Stronger positive ripple effects were identified between two regions of second tier cities (LOG(ALL16) and LOG(ALL8)) versus first tier region (LOG(ALL5)) and second tier regions (LOG(ALL16) and LOG(ALL8)). This result suggests the first-tier cities in China have become less attractive to households and investors whereas second tier cities became more attractive due to their pristine nature and improved infrastructure. Furthermore, over the 20 quarters tested, a negative response was noticed on house price return of LOG(ALL5) toward LOG(FAINVEST) while house price returns of LOG(ALL8) and LOG(ALL16) toward impulses from LOG(FAINVEST) are positive. The result confirms our finding of stronger ripple effects of two regions of second tier cities due to improved infrastructure from fixed asset investments. This paper also assists readers who are interested in investing in China real estate markets. Policy makers could reference this research to set feasible housing policy with the aim to better housing market stability.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 92-106
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1830228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1830228
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2020:i:2:p:92-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junmin Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Junmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Title: US-China Trade War: Speculative Saving Perspective
Abstract: 
 The persistently remarkable bilateral imbalance of the current account has been argued to have triggered the US-China Trade War. Speculative saving can simultaneously explain both global and domestic imbalances by clarifying why the U.S. undersaves (overconsumes), while China oversaves (underconsumes), when facing a bubble. Speculative saving occurs when households predict a bubble. With(out) borrowing constraints, households over-(under-)save due to the expected net capital gain from the bubble, and the saving rate increases (decreases) with bubble growth but decreases (increases) with interest rates. Oversaving arises in a closed economy due to resource constraints, while undersaving can occur in the U.S. because the U.S. dollar can be financed by other countries, such as China. Hence, restraining the ongoing housing bubbles and increasing the interest rates in both countries, as well as replacing the U.S. dollar with a new world currency, would mitigate the imbalances and thus relax or end the tension arising due to the trade war.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 107-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1830230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1830230
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2020:i:2:p:107-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: The Impact of Introducing Nighttime Trading Hours: Revisiting the Chinese Commodity Futures Market
Abstract: 
 Chinese futures exchanges began to implement nighttime trading hours in 2013. Years after, most Chinese commodity futures have adopted night trading session, and the Chinese market also has experienced fast development and become more accessible to foreign traders. Using daily data of commodity futures, we explore the influence of the nighttime trading policy on the price dynamics of the domestic Chinese futures market. Empirical results from this study suggest an improvement in the overall efficiency of Chinese commodity futures prices. In particular, the positive (negative) relationship between volatility and trading volume (open interest) becomes stronger after the launching of nighttime trading session.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 124-144
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1830227
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1830227
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2020:i:2:p:124-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Lu
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Ellen Smit
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen
Author-X-Name-Last: Smit
Author-Name: Jeff Luck
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Luck
Title: Panel Survey Estimation of the Impact of Urbanization in China: Does Level of Urbanization Affect Healthcare Expenditure, Utilization or Healthcare Seeking Behavior?
Abstract: 
 With its growing economy and changing society, China experienced a dramatic increase in urbanization during the past three decades. We explored the impacts of urbanization on healthcare utilization, healthcare expenditure and healthcare seeking behavior changes in China. Using a panel sample drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we estimated expenditures with a panel two-part model and a log transformation in the second part of the model. We estimated healthcare utilization and healthcare seeking behavior with generalized structural equation models and inpatient seeking behavior with a logit model. The sample contained 9,052 respondents who were over 18 years old. We found that increased urbanization would lead to increased total treatment cost and out-of-pocket cost. We also found that urbanization changed general healthcare seeking behavior, including physician visits, but not inpatient seeking behavior. Lastly, not only urbanization level, but also insurance had significant impacts on healthcare expenditure and utilization and healthcare seeking behaviors. These observations provide support for addressing healthcare policy as a component of societal development.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 145-156
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1848472
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1848472
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiki Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Kiki
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Ming-Hua Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Ming-Hua
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Yang Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: The Relationship between Refined Retail Oil Prices and Crude Oil Prices: A Tale of Three Cities in the Greater Bay Area of China
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the long- and short-term relationships between refined retail oil prices and the international crude oil price in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Macao. Using an asymmetric error correction model (AECM), we find that, first, there is a long-term relationship between retail petrol and diesel prices and the crude oil prices for all three cities. Second, the results of the asymmetric adjustments show that the retail diesel prices in Hong Kong and both petrol and diesel prices in Macao are adjusted upward faster than downward. The results imply that these markets in Hong Kong and Macao are not competitive. However, there is no evidence of asymmetric price adjustment for Shenzhen.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 157-175
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1848471
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1848471
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. K. M. Mohsin
Author-X-Name-First: A. K. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohsin
Author-Name: Hongzhen Lei
Author-X-Name-First: Hongzhen
Author-X-Name-Last: Lei
Author-Name: Hasanuzzaman Tushar
Author-X-Name-First: Hasanuzzaman
Author-X-Name-Last: Tushar
Author-Name: Syed Far Abid Hossain
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Far Abid
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain
Author-Name: Mohammad Ebrahim Hossain
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ebrahim
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain
Author-Name: Afroja Hossain Sume
Author-X-Name-First: Afroja Hossain
Author-X-Name-Last: Sume
Title: Cultural and Institutional Distance of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Toward the “Belt and Road” Countries
Abstract: 
 As China continues to expand its outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in countries along the “Belt and Road,” Chinese investment enterprises face an increasingly complex external environment, in which the influence of institutional distance and cultural distance has become more prominent. According to China’s OFDI panel data of 94 countries from 2003 to 2017, especially the data of 61 countries along with the “Belt and Road,” this study demonstrates that institutional distance, in general, promotes China’s OFDI to countries along the “Belt and Road,” whereas cultural distance inhibits OFDI. Moreover, the inhibition effect of cultural distance is significantly more substantial than the promotion effect of institutional distance, indicating that cultural distance is more important than institutional distance. Also, the promotion and inhibition effects are generally consistent with each other in different periods, but they are different due to the imbalance of economic development among the countries. In the subdivision dimension, institutional distance like Control of Corruption, Voice, and Accountability, and cultural distance like Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and long-term vs. short-term Orientation exert more significant influences on China’s OFDI than the other subdivision dimensions. Therefore, China should pay special attention to the investment effect of specific dimensions of institutional distance and cultural distance in promoting the “Belt and Road,” and continuously optimize the investment layout along the “Belt and Road” in the future.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 176-194
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1848468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1848468
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Huseyin Karamelikli
Author-X-Name-First: Huseyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Karamelikli
Title: UK-China Trade and the J-Curve: Asymmetric Evidence from 68 Industries
Abstract: 
 Using monthly data over the period 2010M1-2018M12 we investigate the impact of the real yuna-pound rate on the trade balance of each of the 68 2-digit industries that trade between Britain and China. When a linear ARDL model was estimated, we found short-run symmetric effects in the trade balance of 45 industries that lasted into the long run only in 24 industries. Comparable numbers from the estimates of the nonlinear model were 64 and 39, respectively. The symmetric (asymmetric) J-curve effect received support in 17 (19) industries from the linear (nonlinear) model. Although the increase from the symmetric to asymmetric J-curve effect was not substantial, for the largest industry, i.e., industry coded 85 (Electrical machinery and equipment with 19.56% share of trade), while the symmetric J-curve was not supported, the asymmetric J-curve was. This highlights the significance of the nonlinear adjustment of the yuan-pound exchange rate.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 195-216
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1848470
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1848470
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerry Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Chinese Financial Holding Companies: A Review
Abstract: 
 On 13 September 2020, the Peoples’ Bank of China issued The Trial Measure for the Supervision and Administration of Financial Holding Companies (FHCs), stipulating that firms that control two or more different types of financial institutions may need to establish FHCs. This emerging new type of organization has profound implications; however, serious research on Chinese FHCs is almost none. This study fills in this gap by conducting a comprehensive review on Chinese FHCs from three perspectives. First, from the perspective of macroeconomics and financial markets, this study reviews different types of FHCs and analyses the major source of risks on macroeconomic stability and macroprudential regulation. Second, from the perspective of regulation, based on this regulation document and other literature, this study explores Chinese authorities’ main regulatory objectives. Third, from the perspective of academics, this study also presents a future research agenda regarding Chinese FHCs.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 217-231
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1848469
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1848469
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Poshan Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Poshan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Zuozhang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zuozhang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Yingzi Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Yingzi
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: The Impact of Belt and Road Initiative on Regional Financial Integration – Empirical Evidence from Bond and Money Markets in Belt and Road Countries
Abstract: 
 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed in 2013 has received wide research attention in recent years. However, rigorous quantitative studies on BRI’s impact on regional financial integration are scarce. This paper contributes to filling this research gap by adopting Adam et al. beta convergence and sigma convergence method. Two processes of financial integration are of primarily concern i.e. intraregional integration and the integration with the Chinese markets. Four regions are specifically investigated: Central and East Europe, Southeast Asia, Common Wealth Independent States and Africa. The findings indicate that: (1) BRI mainly influences the tendency of financial integration while the degree of integration was merely influenced. (2) Integration process in bond and money markets behave differently toward BRI with the tendency of bond market integration being stronger. (3) Four regions exhibited ununiformed response to BRI in terms of financial integration. This paper also discussed BRI and the values it brings to incorporate financial integration and sustainable development practices to the BRI regions. Examples of BRI projects prove the importance of BRI and regional sustainable economic development. To enhance the sustainability of BRI projects, this paper recommends further studies to examine the dynamics and interlinked relationships of the BRI regions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 286-308
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857061
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:286-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuwen Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: Can ESG Investing Beat the Market and Improve Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Over the past decade, ESG investment has become an important criterion for the Chinese economic activities, including its capital market where ESG integration in asset management has become a hot topic among investment professionals. In this paper, we study the case of ESG investing in China through examining the performance of equity indices that are selected by an ESG screening process and comparing their main risk-return characteristics against those of conventional equity market benchmark indices, in order to provide further understanding on how ESG plays a role in China’s capital market. Specifically, we address three key issues that are of particular concerns to most investors: (i) Can equity indices based on ESG screening outperform their market benchmarks? (ii) Can ESG equity indices be replicated by reference indices? and (iii) Can ESG equity indices improve portfolio diversification? Overall, we find that investing in ESG equity indices can increase risk-adjusted returns and improve portfolio diversification for the case of China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 272-285
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857063
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857063
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:272-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Subin Liengpunsakul
Author-X-Name-First: Subin
Author-X-Name-Last: Liengpunsakul
Title: Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable development in China. The Chinese government has developed ambitious policies for global leadership in the field of AI and sustainable development. While China has made progress in several areas of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is lagging behind in achieving the SDGs overall, and AI technologies can bolster its progress toward SDGs. Using the latest data of 193 countries around the world, the paper also analyzes the implication of AI on sustainable development both at the global and regional levels. Broadly, a strong positive relationship between the government AI readiness and progress toward SDGs is observed. When classifying the SDGs into four dimensions including economy, society, environment, and partnerships, government AI readiness is found to have a strong relationship with economy followed by the society dimension, whereas there are no clear relationships with the environment and partnerships dimensions. To fully harness and scale the power of AI to meet the SDGs, the Chinese policy maker should align the potential AI technologies to address its SDGs gap, and identify the priority or targeted areas and design appropriate business models and incentive structures for scaling viable solutions. AI technologies, when implemented strategically and properly, can accelerate China’s progress toward SDGs.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 235-248
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857062
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857062
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louis T. W. Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Louis T. W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Title: Special Issue on Sustainable Development and Capital Market in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 309-310
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1741161
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1741161
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:309-310




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sung Ko Li
Author-X-Name-First: Sung Ko
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Chun Kei Tsang
Author-X-Name-First: Chun Kei
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsang
Author-Name: Shu Kam Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Shu Kam
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Sustainable Development of the China Tourism Sector: Implications from Technical and Scale Efficiency Measurements
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates one of the key factors of sustainable development in the tourism sector: productive efficiency. A firm is technically inefficient when it can produce a higher output level with existing input quantities. Technical inefficiency can be reduced by stimulating the incentive of workers and employing suitable managers. On the other hand, scale inefficiency occurs when an enterprise is not producing in the constant returns to scale region. Such inefficiency can be lessened by reallocating resources to achieve an optimal production scale. Most previous empirical studies of efficiency analysis are based on the assumption of convex production sets. This paper points out that when this assumption does not hold, policies on resources allocation would be misled. To remedy this deficiency, this paper adopts a newly developed empirical frontier to model nonconvexity in the production set. It is found that, in the tourism sector, travel agents and hotels are technically efficient and scale inefficient. Consequently, a policy which leads to the merging of small firms to improve the efficiency of the market will best suit the sustainable development of the tourism sector. Our results are very different from those derived from the existing production frontiers in Data Envelopment Analysis.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 262-271
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857060
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857060
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:262-271




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louis T. W. Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Louis T. W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Title: Special Issue on Sustainable Development and Capital Market in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 233-234
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857059
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:233-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beini Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Beini
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Masato Abe
Author-X-Name-First: Masato
Author-X-Name-Last: Abe
Author-Name: Fei Xie
Author-X-Name-First: Fei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xie
Author-Name: Tientip Subhanij
Author-X-Name-First: Tientip
Author-X-Name-Last: Subhanij
Title: Asset-Backed Securitization of PPP Projects: The Case of China
Abstract: 
 Sustainable and robust infrastructure plays a critical role in a country’s economic growth and improving living standards. Public private partnership (PPP) is an efficient tool for financing infrastructure. PPP has gained attention globally as a way to access capital markets and enhance the implementation of infrastructure by boosting private sector participation. The higher efficiency and innovative technology that the private sector brings can fundamentally improve the performance of PPP infrastructure projects from an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) perspective. This paper extends the existing literature on China's experience in developing asset-backed securitization (ABS) of PPP projects. It aims to understand how ABS would encourage PPP investments through greater private sector involvement in infrastructure projects in developing countries. Conducting a qualitative case study in China, the paper elaborates on how ABS can facilitate the implementation of PPP for infrastructure in order to achieve sustainable economic development in China. It also analyzes the existing challenges in the implementation of PPP asset-backed securitization (PPP-ABS) and provides policy recommendations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 249-261
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857058
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857058
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhong-qin Su
Author-X-Name-First: Zhong-qin
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Author-Name: Biwen Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Biwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Yuyang Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Yuyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Early Life Suffering Experience from Great Famine on Firm Charity, Agency Costs, and Corporate Governance
Abstract: 
 This study examines the impact of directors’ famine experience on the corporate donation decision. We use a unique data set of 16,082 firm-year observations from Chinese listed firms to show that directors who experienced the Great Chinese Famine during 1959–1961 make more corporate donations, a result that supports the path dependency theory related to the effect of prior experiences on subsequent behaviors. The relationship between a director’s famine experiences and corporate charitable contributions is robust across different types of ownership and industry. We further show that these directors appear to consume fewer perquisites (i.e., lower agency costs), improve social responsibility, mitigate earnings management, and enhance internal control quality.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 330-346
Issue: 5
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1875157
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1875157
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:5:p:330-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kam C. Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Kam C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Title: Air Pollution, Regulatory Reforms, and Impacts on Corporate Policies: Selective Review with Recent Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 We review the new approaches of managing air pollution and the impact of air pollution on corporate activities in China. The Chinese government’s new approaches, such as ecological conservation redline, specialized environmental courts, environmental inspector program, and air pollution tournament, appear to be effective. Several studies suggest that local governments and firms engage in more environmental investments after these regulatory reforms. In terms of corporate activities, we report that air pollution matters. Specially, air pollution has adverse effect on firm activities such as innovation, cash management, among others. Therefore, managing air pollution (or perhaps all pollution) requires innovation approaches and it is not just good for the environment. In most cases, it brings good outcomes (for shareholders). 
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 347-354
Issue: 5
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1875155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1875155
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:5:p:347-354




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keyou (Emma) Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Keyou (Emma)
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Chun-Yin (Anson) Lam
Author-X-Name-First: Chun-Yin (Anson)
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam
Title: An Overview of Circular Economy in China: How the Current Challenges Shape the Plans for the Future
Abstract: 
 Since the Circular Economy Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China came into force in 2009, the concept of circular economy (CE) has gained a rising attention from governments and researchers. Policy makers, companies and researchers have started to establish different sets of principles and strategies for adoption. This paper introduces the CE within China’s economy background and reviews the drivers to adopt and facilitate its CE. It integrates several current CE practices in China and conducts an analysis on the recycling rate from the government official reports that show China has made some progress in recycling industrial tangible waste and major renewable resources such as iron and steel with remaining challenges and barriers. Further analysis suggests that China requires a more systematic approach to promote CE by individuals, organizations and the nation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 355-371
Issue: 5
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1875156
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1875156
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helmut Wagner
Author-X-Name-First: Helmut
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner
Title: China’s “Political-Economy Trilemma”: (How) Can it be Solved?
Abstract: 
 Trilemma situations, which have long been the subject of lively discussion in economics in many fields, indicate risks of instability and unsustainability. This article shows that China has also been facing a political-economy trilemma (and thus the ongoing danger of unsustainability of its development strategies) for 70 years now and has reacted differently to it in different eras. The article distinguishes three epochs: the Mao era (1949–1978), the Deng era (1979–2011), and the Xi era (2012–). It argues that in all three epochs basically the same main objectives were pursued (economic growth/convergence; stability; and the maintenance of a one-party communist rule system), but with different priorities and with different instruments. It is shown that the Mao- as well as the Deng-development strategies related to these goals ultimately failed due to increasing systemic imbalances. Now the question arises whether the Xi strategy, which relies on partly new instruments, namely the nationalism map, the BRI program and digital surveillance, will be better able to control the unsustainability threat hidden in the trilemma. In addition, the article discusses possible strategy alternatives to overcome the trilemma problem.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 311-329
Issue: 5
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1875158
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1875158
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhenyi Li
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Huashu Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huashu
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Consumer Behavior and Wild Animal Consumption in China
Abstract: 
 China is one of the major countries with multitudinous consumers who eat wild animals. As the potential health interface between animal and human-being has been proved by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2020, this zoonosis has alarmed the public to pay more attention to wild animal consumption. It is imperative to study the factors that affect wild animal consumption in China, and find out what should be emphasized in the intervention of this behavior. Based on the consumer theory, binary logit model is employed to examine the factors that affect the consumer behavior in wild animal consumption, using the survey data from 390 respondents randomly collected through the online platform. The major factors that we examined include demographic characteristics, psychological factors, external factors, price and income level. We find out that the high-income level (annual income per capita is more than 100 thousand Yuan), low education level (primary education or below), consumption history (eating wild animals before), as well as the demonstration effect and the effect of the belief that eating wild animals supplements nutrition intake, have significantly positive effects on the odds of wild animal consumption in China. By contrary, raising consumers’ awareness of food safety would reduce the odds of wild animal consumption. The study also investigates the major reasons why the consumers give up eating wild animals. Awareness of food safety is the top reason stopping consumers from eating wild animals. Wildlife Protection Law and its enforcement haven’t effectively controlled wild animal consumption as expected. The study helps to explain consumer behavior of wild animal consumption in China and would contribute to improving current understanding of public responses to wild animal consumption.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 389-401
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890357
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890357
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaiqi Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Kaiqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Hongxu Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Hongxu
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Yu Yvette Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu Yvette
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Jiping Sheng
Author-X-Name-First: Jiping
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng
Title: Fresh Produce E-Commerce and Online Shoppers’ Purchase Intention
Abstract: 
 The development of the Internet has provided many opportunities for electronic commerce, and many e-commerce companies like Alibaba have achieved great success. Fresh produce industry has also attempted to step into e-commerce during the past decade. It is important for e-commerce to understand customers’ demands in this new market in order to make profits. In this research we conducted a market survey to investigate the market situation of Chinese fresh produce e-commerce. Consumer attitudes and behaviors toward online shopping for fresh fruits were evaluated. A logit model was used to identify potential factors that may have impact on consumers’ purchase intention. Results show that women are more likely than men to shop online; other factors such as influence from friends, income, product quality, food labels, packaging, and payment security can also affect online shoppers’ purchase intention.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 415-429
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qiujie Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Qiujie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: H. Holly Wang
Author-X-Name-First: H. Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Do Consumers View the Genetically Modified Food Labeling Systems Differently? “Contains GMO” Versus “Non-GMO” Labels
Abstract: 
 This article fills the gap in literature by studying consumers’ perceptions of the genetically modified (GM) food labeling systems in China, in terms of the comparison between the mandatory “Contains GMO” and the voluntary “non-GMO” labels. Using a recent survey, we find that the mandatory “Contains GMO” labeling system is considered more important relative to the voluntary “non-GMO” labeling system, and factors driving the perceptions of the two systems are different. Consumers who have more objective GM food knowledge, higher concerns about the GM foods’ health effects, lower intentions to buy GM foods, and higher income perceive both labeling systems as more important than their counterparts. Consumers who believe that they have eaten GM foods without being aware of it consider the mandatory “Contains GM” labeling more important, while consumers who believe GM foods unsafe and oppose GM technology consider the voluntary “non-GMO” labeling more important. The results support the mandatory GM labeling system.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 376-388
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890356
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890356
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haiyan An
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: An
Author-Name: Xiaoshu Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoshu
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Impact of risk perception on migrant workers’ employment choice during the COVID-19 epidemic
Abstract: 
 As the Chinese government called for “targeted resumption of work and production in different regions and at different levels” after the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak, rural migrant workers returning to work became an important factor for economic recovery and stabilizing labor supply. Based on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, this paper investigates farmers’ perception of risk in the epidemic situation and reveals the impact of farmers’ risk perception on working outside of their hometowns. The results show that: 1) farmers generally believe the risk of epidemics is higher in urban areas than in rural areas; and 2) farmers’ risk perceptions significantly influence their decisions of working outside of their hometowns. This paper provides important policy implications in labor supply and crisis management.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 402-414
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890358
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:6:p:402-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu Yvette Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu Yvette
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Qiujie Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Qiujie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Huashu Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huashu
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Challenges and Opportunities Facing the Chinese Economy in the New Decade: Epidemics, Food, Labor, E-Commerce, and Trade
Abstract: 
 As the rest of the world struggled to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, China was the only major world economy to report growth in 2020. However, challenges still lie ahead. This special issue collects six articles that discuss the challenges and opportunities facing the Chinese Economy, addressing issues in food safety and regulation, the impact of COVID-19 on consumer and labor markets, and new opportunities in E-commerce and trade. These articles provide insights that can be useful for businesses and policy makers to navigate the impact of COVID-19, and draw implications that can last well into the new decade. 
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 373-375
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890355
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yunyang Xiao
Author-X-Name-First: Yunyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao
Author-Name: H. Holly Wang
Author-X-Name-First: H. Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Jun Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: A New Market for Pet Food in China: Online Consumer Preferences and Consumption
Abstract: 
 The pet industry has grown tremendously in China, and pet food is a major product in the market. Although characteristics of pet food are important considerations for veterinarians and consumers, there has yet to be a holistic consumer study for Chinese pet food shopping behaviors. This study focuses on consumer stated preferences of online pet food and factors affecting their actual purchasing behavior. We have conducted a survey and explored factors affecting both consumers’ stated attribute preferences and factors affecting their consumption quantities. A total of 220 valid samples were collected online from pet owners with online shopping experiences in 2019. Our results reveal that younger, urban, higher educated, and married consumers with families tend to use more online channels to buy pet food. They care more about brand, ingredients, and retailer reputation, but not so much about imported products. We find little significant statistic difference between consumers’ online and offline shopping perspectives. This paper quantitatively investigates consumer pet food shopping behaviors, discovers recent trends in this line of research, and provides insight into the industry for future developing demand.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 430-440
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890360
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H. Holly Wang
Author-X-Name-First: H. Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yu Yvette Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu Yvette
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Qiujie Angie Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Qiujie Angie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Huashu Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huashu
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: The Chinese Economy Special Issue on Food and Health Economics: Epidemics, Risk, Behavior and Policy
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 450-450
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1781365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1781365
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2021:i:6:p:450-450




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quan Li
Author-X-Name-First: Quan
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: E-commerce, Free-Trade Zones, and the Linkage Effect to China’s Foreign Trade
Abstract: 
 With the rapid development of E-commerce, China’s foreign trade has been largely transformed. China now has the most online shoppers in the world, more than the US, United Kingdom, and Australia combined. The 21 nationwide free-trade zones (FTZs) and 109 import pilot zones for cross-border E-commerce (CBEC) across the country, which cover 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, have brought great transitions to trade patterns and the related factor proportions. Based on FTZ, Hainan Province began furtherly open pattern known as free-trade port (FTP) on June 1st, 2020. In this article, we apply the heterogeneous community effect model to study the linkage effect of CBEC and FTZs on China’s foreign trade, which creates higher demands, more value-added products, effective prices, and efficient labor market management by integrating domestic and foreign trade channels.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 441-449
Issue: 6
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1890361
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1890361
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Murat Emikönel
Author-X-Name-First: Murat
Author-X-Name-Last: Emikönel
Title: The Impact of International Organizations on Chinese Trade as the Determiner of Trade: The Gravity Model Approach
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study is to analyze the trade between China and 97 countries that have an important place in the bilateral trade of China in the period of 2008-2019 with the extended gravity model and to determine the determinants of trade. In the study, the potential impact of ASEAN and APEC member countries on Chinese trade was investigated, apart from the per capita incomes, populations and distances of the countries. In addition, the effect of energy imports required for industrial production on Chinese exports is also analyzed as another dummy variable for OPEC countries. Empirical results show that the GDP and population growth of dependent and independent countries are positively affected by trade, and as the distance increases, trade is negatively affected. The dummy coefficients of ASEAN, APEC and OPEC show that they are positive and statistically significant. Due to the fact that ASEAN and APEC consist of Asian countries and therefore are close to China, it has been observed that they are compatible with gravity model theory. The positive effect of OPEC member countries on Chinese exports was determined as importing the energy required for industrial production and converting intermediate goods into value-added products and exporting.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 26-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1892920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1892920
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:26-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kiril Tochkov
Author-X-Name-First: Kiril
Author-X-Name-Last: Tochkov
Title: Trade Efficiency, Cross-Border Integration, and Regional Barriers in Northeast China
Abstract: 
 The Northeast region has struggled to restructure and modernize its economy during China’s transformation into a global power, missing the opportunity to benefit from foreign trade and investment. This paper explores the trade patterns of the region’s three provinces vis-à-vis their main trading partners over the period 1992-2018. In particular, we quantify the barriers to trade employing a gravity model specification and trace changes across time and regions. Furthermore, we use a stochastic frontier approach to calculate a measure of the trade potential that serves as a benchmark in assessing the trade performance of Northeast China’s provinces. The results show that the region exhibits high trade costs that amount to ad-valorem tariffs ranging between 75% and 100%. The analysis also indicates that the region’s trade performance is only 40% to 55% of its potential level. The relatively high levels of inefficiency extend even to trade with the rest of China and have increased over time.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 13-25
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1892921
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1892921
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:13-25




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junmin Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Junmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Title: Corporate Saving, Household Saving, and Gross National Savings: Analysis by Provincial Panel and Time Series Data in China
Abstract: 
 The current account imbalance between the U.S. and China is the principal cause of the ongoing trade friction. China’s domestic savings, which have exceeded domestic investment for many years, are flowing into the U.S. We sought to explain why China saved so much in terms of all of gross national, household, corporate, government, and other savings from 1952 to 2020. We prepared two sets of time-series data based on the SNA and deposits in domestic banks, and compared them. Over the 69 years (1952-2020), corporate saving was the largest source of domestic saving, except from 1988-2007. Household saving was determined by income growth, consumption habits, income distribution, social security payments, the desire to bequeath money, the one-child policy, and speculative saving. To explore corporate saving, we performed panel regression analysis by estimating provincial corporate saving by “certain-sized industries” from 2000 to 2010. All of the Tobin marginal Q, minimum wage growth, the private enterprise ratio, the corporate income tax rate, and population growth significantly impacted corporate saving.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-12
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2021
Month: 2
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1892918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1892918
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Huseyin Karamelikli
Author-X-Name-First: Huseyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Karamelikli
Title: Exchange Rate Volatility and Commodity Trade between U.K. and China: An Asymmetric Analysis
Abstract: 
 Our goal in this paper is to assess short-run and long-run effects of the real yuan-pound rate volatility on the U.K. exports to China and Chinese exports to the U.K. When a linear export model was estimated for each of the 70 industries, we found short-run effects on 43 (53) British (Chinese) exporting industries to China (the U.K.) and which lasted into the long run in 17 (28) British (Chinese) industries. However, when a nonlinear model was estimated, we found short-run asymmetric effects on 58 (67) British (Chinese) exporting industries that lasted into the long in 42 (52) British (Chinese) industries, mostly in an asymmetric manner. Our findings were industry specific but in general, while increased exchange rate volatility hurt British export to China in most industries, it actually boosted Chinese exports to the U.K., in most industries. On the other hand, decreased volatility boosted exports of some British industries, but it hurt exports of some Chinese exporting industries.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 41-65
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1892919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1892919
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:41-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Junmin Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Junmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Author-Name: Qiqi Qiu
Author-X-Name-First: Qiqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu
Title: Depreciation Rate by Industrial Sector and Profit after Tax in China
Abstract: 
 This study examines how asset values by industry sectors are affected by different depreciation methods. We theoretically show that estimating depreciation rate by the Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) contains more information than the method by Depreciation Expense as Accounting Item (DEAI), which are equivalent under certain conditions. Using data of 37 industrial sectors in China from 2001 to 2016, we estimate depreciation rates by sectors using both PIM and DEAI methods, which enable us to estimate capital stock and capital efficiency by sectors. By the panel estimation, depreciation rates estimated by both PIM and DEAI methods significantly increase with the enterprise's profits after tax defined by that profits before tax minus tax. Our result is consistent with the prediction of the economic depreciation hypothesis, implying that tax shield of depreciation that raises corporate after-tax cash flows to the firm could improve corporate investments for replacement by scrapping the old equipment.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 111-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1930297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1930297
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:111-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hao Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Hao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Shiguang Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Shiguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Author-Name: Aelee Jun
Author-X-Name-First: Aelee
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun
Title: Cash Dividend Behaviors around Private Placements in China: Interactions between Two Information-Releasing Events
Abstract: 
 We investigate the information role and the information interaction of cash dividends around equity private placements for China’s publicly listed firms from 2004 to 2019. Our results show that firms are more likely to allocate higher cash dividends when private placements are nearer, possibly to build a favorable information environment for subsequent equity refinancing. Using a propensity score matching (PSM) approach, the results show that firms usually do not increase cash dividends for the compensation of illiquidity in the lockup period following private placement. The persistently low cash dividends after the lockup period rule out the suspicion of tunneling (via excessive payouts) resulted by private placements. In the meantime, we find that private placements positively affect firm performance. This could be why managers find conveying information via dividends redundant. We also find that announcement returns for cash dividends paid by firms with private placements are higher compared to their peers.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 129-155
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1930294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1930294
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:129-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Han
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Title: Will Financial Liberalization Help China to Invest More Efficiently? Evidence from China’s Saving and Investment from 1993 to 2017
Abstract: 
 China has enjoyed high saving and high investment ratios by international standards. However, mainstream economists argue that China suffers from inefficient investment due to excessive state interventions. The mainstream argument is in conflict with the observed high output-capital ratios and rates of return on capital in China before 2008. China’s investment efficiency has deteriorated since 2008 despite the progress of financial liberalization. In this essay, we used provincial-level panel data from 1993 to 2017 and the technique of General Method of Moments to examine how China’s saving and investment respond to output-capital ratio, gross profit share, and real interest rate. We find that output-capital ratio has positive effects on saving and investment in all three periods (1993–2000, 2001–2008, 2009–2017); gross profit share has positive effects on saving; but gross profit share has negative and significant impact on investment for the period 2009–2017. We find that real interest rate has significant and negative impact on China’s saving for the period 1993–2000, a result that is inconsistent with the neoclassical theory of saving. On the other hand, real interest rate has a significant and negative impact on investment and a significant and positive impact on saving for the period 2009–2017, consistent with what should happen in a liberalized financial market according to neoclassical economics. These findings suggest that China’s financial market may have become sufficiently liberalized to induce the “correct” behavior from businesses and households but the “correct” behavior has not yet led to improvement in China’s investment efficiency.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 67-87
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1930298
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1930298
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:67-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei-Na Kong
Author-X-Name-First: Wei-Na
Author-X-Name-Last: Kong
Title: Economic Effect and Resolution Idea of the THAAD Political Conflict on South Korea’s Exports to China
Abstract: 
 South Korea deployed the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) antimissile system in response to North Korea’s nuclear test, leading to the Chinese government’s opposition to THAAD, citing national security concerns. Chinese consumers held a large-scale “boycott for Korean products” campaign in 2014. In the same year, the China–South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) was signed. This study compares the double-difference (DID) and triple-difference (DDD) models using the impact of the THAAD political conflict on South Korean exports. In the DID model, THAAD reduced South Korean exports, while in the DDD model, the FTA effectively alleviated the impact of THAAD. The net difference of the FTA’s impact on the commodities boycotted in response to the THAAD conflict exists because some boycotted commodities were promoted by the FTA while others were not. The effect of the THAAD event shock was significant only in the first two years, with minimal subsequent changes in growth. THAAD and FTA’s dynamic effects provide evidence of how political conflict can eventually influence popular opinion and how the trade policy plays a significant role in the national conflict resolution. Finally, the study provides additional evidence on the effect of non-tariff barriers triggered by THAAD on the service industry.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 88-110
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1930300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1930300
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:88-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rahil Irfan Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Rahil Irfan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Name: Guohao Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Guohao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Umme Habiba
Author-X-Name-First: Umme
Author-X-Name-Last: Habiba
Title: Dynamics of Return Linkages and Asymmetric Volatility Spillovers among Asian Emerging Stock Markets
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study to investigate the dynamics of return linkages and volatility spillovers between Asian emerging stock markets (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, and South Korea). To achieve this task, we used bivariate EGARCH (1) model. We used daily closing stock prices from January 01, 2010, to December 31, 2018. The findings revealed that the own lagged spillovers are statistically significant in all cases at one percent level. Our findings also show that the asymmetric volatility spillovers are significant in all sampled stock markets except China. We find unidirectional volatility spillovers from the markets of China toward Hong Kong, Malaysia toward South Korea, Hong Kong toward South Korea, Pakistan toward Hong Kong, and Japan toward South Korea. Moreover, the volatility spillovers in the majority stock markets are significant and bidirectional. Therefore, these markets are interrelated, and the spillover effect should be taken into consideration by policymakers who are responsible for economic decision making as they can save the financial sector from unexpected financial shockwaves.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 156-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1930292
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1930292
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julián D. Cortés
Author-X-Name-First: Julián D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cortés
Author-Name: Xiaolei Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolei
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Xiaolei Xun
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xun
Title: Research on Innovation in Business and Management about China and Latin America: Bibliometric Insights Using Google Scholar, Dimensions and Microsoft Academic
Abstract: 
 Trade and investment between developing regions such as China and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are growing prominently. However, insights on crucial factors such as innovation in business and management (iBM) about both regions have not been scrutinized. This study presents the research output, impact, and structure of iBM research published about China and LAC in a comparative framework using three bibliographic databases/search engines: Google Scholar, Dimensions, and Microsoft Academic. Findings showed (i) that iBM topics of both regions were framed within research and development management and technological development topics, (ii) significant differences in output and impact between regions, (iii) and also databases/search engines.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 208-226
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1958451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1958451
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:3:p:208-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuwen Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: China’s Infrastructure Investment to the Belt and Road: The Case of the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor
Abstract: 
 Inspired by China’s historical role as a central hub in the Silk Road, the Chinese government officially launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The BRI aims at deepening regional economic cooperation on a transcontinental scale and investing in infrastructure that promotes regional connectivity over land and sea. In recent years, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has increased tremendously. Empirical evidence suggests that Chinese OFDI is about 40 percent higher in BRI countries than non-BRI countries. Under the BRI framework, China is currently a global leader in the construction of transportation infrastructure. In this paper, we examine the case of the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor (CIPEC) and investigate the macroeconomic implication of the BRI by conducting empirical study on Chinese OFDI to the CIPEC, analyzing China’s infrastructure investment, and conducting case studies of BRI infrastructure projects in the region. Our findings draw implication for policymakers in BRI nations who intend to attract Chinese infrastructure investment to improve regional connectivity. The lessons learned from these BRI projects highlight the importance of institutional relationship, domestic politics, political stability, and policy uncertainty, which in turn shed light on future infrastructure projects between China and host countries under the BRI framework.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 169-187
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1958452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1958452
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdelkader Derbali
Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkader
Author-X-Name-Last: Derbali
Author-Name: Kamel Naoui
Author-X-Name-First: Kamel
Author-X-Name-Last: Naoui
Author-Name: Mounir Ben Sassi
Author-X-Name-First: Mounir Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Sassi
Author-Name: Mohamed Marouen Amiri
Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Marouen
Author-X-Name-Last: Amiri
Title: Do COVID-19 Epidemic Explains the Dynamic Conditional Correlation between China’s Stock Market Index and International Stock Market Indices?
Abstract: 
 This study presents an important view to the predictive capacity of COVID-19 for the correlation between Chinese stock market and 9 international stock market in Asia, Europe, and North America regions. In this paper, we try to investigate the spillover impacts of China’s stock market on the selected stock markets using an econometric methodology based on DCC-GARCH models during the period from May 01, 2019 to May 30, 2020. Our results show a strong significant DCC among China’s stock market index and selected international stock market indices especially in the outbreak of COVID-19. We find that the results related to the degree of the persistence of volatility, are sensitive to the existence of the COVID-19 surprises into the DCC-GARCH (1) model. We remark that that COVID-19 has a short-term impact on international stock market indices volatilities. Finally, we can conclude that COVID-19 explain the spillover impacts of China’s stock market index on selected countries using DCC-GARCH models. This paper gives an important framework to the investors to choose their portfolios in the financial markets especially in the crisis period. This paper contributes to the literature on assessing the impact of COVID-19 confirmed cases surprises on the correlation between China’s stock market index and selected international stock market in Asia, Europe, and North America regions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 227-242
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1958453
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1958453
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:3:p:227-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gour Gobinda Goswami
Author-X-Name-First: Gour Gobinda
Author-X-Name-Last: Goswami
Author-Name: Nisit Panthamit
Author-X-Name-First: Nisit
Author-X-Name-Last: Panthamit
Title: Does Political Risk Matter for China's Trade with ASEAN and MENA Countries? A Belt Road Initiative Perspective
Abstract: 
 This study examines the role of political risk in deterring China's trade flow with her 132 trading partners with particular attention to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries for 1984-2015 in the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) framework. Using twelve political risk indicators from International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), we use factor analysis to retrieve three underlying factors: 'Cultural Rigidity,' 'Governance Failure,' and 'Partners' Adverse Feeling.' After combining these factors into a dynamic system GMM Gravity equation, we examine their impact on China's trade flow. As we control for Gravity variables and these risk factors, BRI has been found effective for China with MENA countries, ASEAN10, and ASEAN10 + 3 (China, Japan, and South Korea) but detrimental to trade flow within the ASEAN10 + 6 (China, India, Japan, S Korea, Australia, and New Zealand) setup. Among the three factors, 'Partners' Adverse Feeling' is the most substantial deterrent, followed by 'Cultural Rigidities.' Most of the traditional Gravity coefficients like domestic and partner country's GDP, domestic and partner country's per capita GDP, distance, GATT membership of China and Partners, take their right sign and significance. 'Governance failure' has been found as a significant deterrent neither in ASEAN nor in MENA setup. Therefore, China should strive to improve cultural bottlenecks with her partner countries and improve upon the existing adverse perception in enhancing her trade flow with these countries.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 188-207
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1958454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1958454
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xianbai Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Xianbai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Author-Name: Guanie Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Guanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Title: The Chinese Way of Reforming Global Economic Governance: An Analysis of China’s Rising Role in the Group of Twenty (G-20)
Abstract: 
 Since the Global Financial Crisis engulfed much of the world in 2008, the Group of Twenty (G-20) has emerged as the self-acclaimed “premium forum” for international economic cooperation and policy coordination. The ascendency of G-20, of which China is a part, indicates the world’s preference for a more inclusive and informal economic governance model, moving away from the relatively restrictive Group of Seven (G-7) and the legalized Bretton Woods settings. This article analyzes China’s participation and increasingly critical role in the G-20. China’s main priorities in relation to the G-20 evolved over time. The initial focuses on containing financial contagion and reforming Bretton Woods institutions were followed by attempts to resolve bilateral trade issues with the US and to fight the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. China aspires to transform the G-20 from an ad hoc crisis management platform to one promoting proactive long-term global policy cooperation, partly in support of “a community with shared future for humanity” and the Belt and Road Initiative. However, public distrust of international economic interdependence, populist backlash against neoliberal globalization, as well as geopolitical, ideological, technological tussles between China and the West collectively present significant challenges to the G-20.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 282-292
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972546
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:4:p:282-292



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wayne Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Rising Role in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): Strategies and Instruments of Chinese Way
Abstract: 
 After eight years of back-and-forth negotiations, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, was signed in the end of 2020. This mega trade deal is a potential free trade agreement that originally poses challenges for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) led by US, because a rising China with its economic influence in regional trade threatens the current US hegemony, alienates countries in East Asia from the US, and likely strive to become the leader of RCEP. However, these diplomatic strategies are not truly in line with China’s long-term interests; on the contrary, this paper argues that China should use the platform of RCEP to act as a supporter and promoter. Playing the roles of supporter and promoter is surely wise since it assists the neighboring countries to make economic advantages with China in a more liberalized regional market, while pragmatically reminding the leaders in Beijing that China should address the South China Sea problem with ASEAN countries in a defensive manner. All these relative low profile strategies, based on ‘one political step back for two economic steps forward,’ may consider as Chinese approach or Chinese way in RCEP.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 268-281
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972547
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:4:p:268-281



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linlin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Linlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yanting Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yanting
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Hanting Xi
Author-X-Name-First: Hanting
Author-X-Name-Last: Xi
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Rising Role in the BRICS: Strategies and Instruments of the Chinese Way
Abstract: 
 It has been 20 years since the concept of “BRICS” was first proposed in 2001, which can be treated as Group 5 (G5) from the South. As being the world’s second largest economy and largest developing country, China’s leading role in the BRICS has been widely recognized for its strategy adjustment from the international community. It is also of great importance to study the change of China’s status among BRICS countries and to analyze the development reasons from a macro and longitudinal perspective of Chinese way policy. Basically, this article analyzes the formation and function of BRICS’ institution as well as China’s role in BRICS from the perspective of political economy. As China increases political and economic strength, the influence of China’s role serves as an engine for BRICS development, from participant to practitioner and to leader. Meanwhile, as the important role of BRICS countries in the world has increased, then it will lead to a new international situation of a rise in the East (from the South) and the decline in the West (from the North). Under all these political and economic changes, it gives China an opportunity to enhance South-South cooperation as well as South-North economic integration.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 317-328
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972545
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pei-Shan Kao
Author-X-Name-First: Pei-Shan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kao
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Strategic Layout in Europe: A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative
Abstract: 
 Following with the rise of China’s economic power, it has been thinking about increasing its political power and influence in the world. Under this consideration, the “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) initiative was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 when he visited Kazakhstan in September and Indonesia in October, the two countries who represent landlocked and maritime nations. From China’s strategic perspective, by means of the OBOR initiative, China not only can promote its trade and economic growth with countries along the routes, but also can disseminate China’s values and soft power. This therefore can deeply connect China with Asia, Africa and Europe and greatly strengthen China’s position and influence on the global stage. However, not every country welcomes China’s grand strategy and its well-designed layout in the regions. Thus, this article wants to use Europe as the example to explore China’s strategic considerations and layout in Europe by the OBOR projects, and also the attitudes and responses of Europe to China. It will be concluded with some suggestions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 303-316
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972549
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:4:p:303-316



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Van-Hoa Vu
Author-X-Name-First: Van-Hoa
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Author-Name: Khac-Nghia Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Khac-Nghia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Rising Role in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): Strategies and Instruments of the Chinese Way
Abstract: 
 Established in 1989 as an economic forum, APEC has become an important regional organization contributing to the promotion of not only economic but also political and security cooperation among countries and territories in the region. Given the great role of APEC, China has actively participated in the forum and today has become a major player with so-called Chinese approaches. The paper points out China’s purposes and intentions with Chinese way, especially under the attack of Covid-19 that has led to strategic adjustments in APEC. Politically, with APEC as an arena, China aims to restore and expand its sphere of influence in the region, hedge against the US and challenge to change the global governance system. Economically, through APEC’s mechanism, China wants to promote trade liberalization and hence facilitate its domestic economic reforms to soon become the number one power in the world. Moreover, the paper also outlines opportunities and challenges that China would face in APEC. It will also concern China’s advantages and barricades on its political regime as a powerful central authoritarian state, China’s role and position in the dynamic economic region, its trade and territorial disputes with neighboring countries in APEC, and the questions of APEC’s effectiveness.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 255-267
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972544
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Rising Role in Regional International Organizations: Are There Strategies and Policies of the Chinese Way Considered and Applied?
Abstract: 
 In order to build up a wielding core role in Asia-Pacific region, China with a high intention and purpose tries to approach her surrounding neighboring nations for closer economic alliance as well as provides an opportunity of “South-South cooperation” to gain geographic “win-win” performance and more amicable settlement. It further depicts that China plays an indispensable and irreplaceable role in regional institutionalized construction, which can be considered as the Chinese way for strategic application. Basically, there are three major Chinese approaches of development strategy utilized on regional economic activities in order to accelerate and ascend China’s role on regional and trans-regional international organizations. Those are: (1) to play a role of promoter as booster/accelerator, such as for BRICS and RCEP; (2) to manage a role of active participator as communicator/supporter, such as for APEC and G20, and (3) to act a role of initiator as creator and chieftain, such as for OBORI, SCO, and BAF.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 243-254
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972550
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wen-Chih Chao
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Chao
Title: The Political Economy of China’s Rising Role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Leading with Balance
Abstract: 
 The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has become the most important vehicle for Chinese cooperation with Central Asian member states and Russia. China seeks to play an active role and exert strong influence in the SCO for both economic reasons and strategic considerations. China aims to resolve territorial and border issues with Central Asian states, maintain stability in Xinjiang, develop the economy of western areas, and ensure energy security by playing a leading role in the SCO. Analyzing China’s role in the SCO and the related opportunities and challenges is the primary goal of this paper. The Chinese government uses economic cooperation to exert influence within the SCO. However, the Chinese government must still overcome numerous challenges, including reconciling mistrust and conflict among SCO member states, reducing Russian suspicion of Chinese intention, response to transformation of the SCO, and dilemmas regarding regional instability.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 293-302
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1972548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1972548
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: MCES_A_1857063_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Yuwen Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: Can ESG Investing Beat the Market and Improve Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 Over the past decade, ESG investment has become an important criterion for the Chinese economic activities, including its capital market where ESG integration in asset management has become a hot topic among investment professionals. In this paper, we study the case of ESG investing in China through examining the performance of equity indices that are selected by an ESG screening process and comparing their main risk-return characteristics against those of conventional equity market benchmark indices, in order to provide further understanding on how ESG plays a role in China’s capital market. Specifically, we address three key issues that are of particular concerns to most investors: (i) Can equity indices based on ESG screening outperform their market benchmarks? (ii) Can ESG equity indices be replicated by reference indices? and (iii) Can ESG equity indices improve portfolio diversification? Overall, we find that investing in ESG equity indices can increase risk-adjusted returns and improve portfolio diversification for the case of China.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 272-285
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1857063
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1857063
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:54:y:2020:i:4:p:272-285

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver7534519504200297275.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Zhuo Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Qiulin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Qiulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Min Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: Special Issue on Health and Healthcare in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 397-397
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2020.1772576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2020.1772576
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:5:p:397-397



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-2522807603788071408.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Zhuo Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Qiulin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Qiulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Min Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: Health and Healthcare in China: An Editorial Introduction
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 329-331
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1996549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1996549
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:5:p:329-331



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-6824103565658290007.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Poshan Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Poshan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Yingzi Hu
Author-X-Name-First: Yingzi
Author-X-Name-Last: Hu
Title: Stock Payment, State Ownership and Innovation Performance in China’s Pharmaceutical M&As
Abstract: 
 The Chinese pharmaceutical industry has seen rapid development, with industrial mergers and acquisitions (M&As) increasing over the recent years. However, the studies focused on the characteristics and identified limited impacts of these M&As. This paper then intends to fill the gap by analyzing 393 completed M&As deals in China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2004 to 2016 concerning 54 firms. This paper found that: (1) firms’ innovation performance is higher when the industrial M&As activities are intensive. (2) M&As activity improves firms’ innovation output while overly frequent M&As exert negative effects on innovation output. Stock payment is negatively associated with firms’ innovation output. (3) Firms’ innovation performance is statistically different between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs. Firms’ innovation performance does not vary whether the acquisition was conducted by SOEs or non-SOEs. Apart from providing empirical evidence, this paper, in turn, proposes policy implications for further innovation development in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 380-396
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1996554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1996554
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:55:y:2022:i:5:p:380-396



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver4832434961545404362.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Lefan Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Lefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: The Impacts of Depression and Chronic Diseases on the Health of Older Adults in China: Evidence in a System Equations Framework
Abstract: 
 Depression comorbid with chronic diseases is common, especially among the older adults. We examine the health of the older adults in China and its relationship with depression, alone or as a comorbidity with chronic diseases. The sample we study includes 10,307 individuals aged 45 or above from the 2011 national wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Using factor analysis, we obtain three factors out of eight health measurements that capture multiple dimensions of health of an older adult, with which we construct health scores and use as outcome variables. The three factors obtained from the factor analysis can, respectively, be interpreted as ‘physical health’, ‘subjective health’ and ‘cognitive health’. We then apply a system equations approach to compare the disease effects. We find different chronic conditions are significantly associated with ‘physical health’ and ‘subjective health’ but not with ‘cognitive health’. While the key chronic diseases have similar adverse effects on the first two health factors (except for the respiratory diseases), depression impairs subjective and physical health scores to a greater degree than do any chronic diseases. Comorbid depression is significantly associated with a reduction in the physical health score of the older adults, particularly for those with depression and cardiovascular diseases. In light of the increasing burden of chronic diseases and the underfunding-undertreatment situation of depression, health insurance coverage for depression should be improved to provide a more integrated mental health system.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 343-368
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1996551
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# input file: catalog-resolver-3676251904040301608.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Xiaolin Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Shenglan Tang
Author-X-Name-First: Shenglan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tang
Author-Name: Weixi Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Weixi
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Yaoguang Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yaoguang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Ling Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Ling
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Mark Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Lijing L. Yan
Author-X-Name-First: Lijing L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Yan
Title: Health Services Use and Expenditures among Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents with Hypertension Comorbidity: A Longitudinal Study in Jiangsu Province, China
Abstract: 
 Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic condition in China and is associated with an increased risk of comorbidity. This study aims to investigate health services use and expenditures among community-dwelling residents with hypertension comorbidity. Data is from a 7-month follow-up study of 503 community-dwelling residents aged ≥45 years in Jiangsu Province, China. These participants were stratified into three categories based on their disease status at baseline (no chronic condition, hypertension, hypertension with one or more comorbidities), and followed up monthly to gather information on their health services use and expenditures (including self-medication, outpatient and inpatient services). We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between disease status and health services use. 58.1% of individuals with hypertension had a comorbidity. Compared with individuals without any condition, the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for those with hypertension comorbidity was 2.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.57–3.03) in overall health services use. Rural residents with hypertension comorbidity had a greater odds of health services use compared with their urban counterparts (age and sex-adjusted OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.56–6.93). The median monthly expenditure for individuals with hypertension comorbidity was 172 Chinese Yuan (CNY), which was much higher than those with no condition and those with hypertension only (90 and 91 CNY, respectively). Comorbidity in individuals with hypertension is highly prevalent and associated with elevated health services use and expenditures. These findings emphasize the importance of secondary prevention and integrated care for comorbidity in the population with hypertension.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 369-379
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1996553
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1996553
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# input file: catalog-resolver4558803408916723782.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Yu Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Marie Parker
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Parker
Author-Name: Xiaodong Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaodong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Xiangming Fang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiangming
Author-X-Name-Last: Fang
Title: Health Insurance Coverage of Migrant Workers in China
Abstract: 
 Migrant workers are an important component of China's labor market, playing a vital role in economic development and social stability. In the face of significant health risks related to their work, migrant workers remain largely under-represented in China’s health insurance system despite their eligibility to participate in several programs. To achieve China’s goal of universal healthcare coverage, migrant workers are targeting populations. The objective of this paper is to understand the factors associated with migrant workers’ participation in health insurance programs. This analysis draws from a survey of 3,342 migrant workers that was conducted by China Agricultural University in 2013. A multinomial logit model was performed to identify the determinants of migrant workers’ health insurance participation. Our findings suggest that the highest rates of un-insurance were observed for females, the elderly, those with lower levels of education, income, or lower self-reported health status, and migrant workers in the construction industry. They are the most vulnerable populations and susceptible to various health and occupational hazards. Besides the high enrollment rates of migrant workers in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, the scheme’s lack of portability needs a complete “Inter-province” balancing reimbursement networking platform to be built. Furthermore, establishing a multi-level medical security system that is accessible and affordable may serve the goal of improving health insurance participation among migrant workers.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 332-342
Issue: 5
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.1996550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.1996550
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# input file: MCES_A_2022837_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahmani-Oskooee
Author-Name: Muhammad Aftab
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Aftab
Title: On the Impact of Policy Uncertainty on the Demand for Money in China: An Asymmetric Analysis
Abstract: 
 One previous study that estimated the demand for money in China, included output volatility and money supply volatility as two measures of uncertainty. The study found their effects to be transitory in the short-run but not in the long-run. We suspect that the lack of long-run effects could be due to both uncertainty measures being less comprehensive. When we replaced the two measures with a relatively more comprehensive measure known as policy uncertainty, we too found only short-run effects. However, when we separated increased uncertainty from declines and engaged in asymmetric analysis by estimating a nonlinear money demand function, we found that in the long run while increased uncertainty has a significant effect on the demand for money, decreased uncertainty does not. Our findings indicated that in China, as uncertainty increases people prefer to hold more cash.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 399-409
Issue: 6
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.2022837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022837
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# input file: MCES_A_2022840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Aadil Nakhoda
Author-X-Name-First: Aadil
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakhoda
Author-Name: Zhaohui Niu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Niu
Title: Do Chinese Technical NTMs Increase the Exports of Less Sophisticated Products to China?
Abstract: 
 Much evidence suggests that NTMs (non-tariff measures) have become a major instrument of trade policy. Compliance with NTMs entails significant costs on exporters who may be required to meet pre-determined standards set by the importing countries to prevent the import of substandard and dangerous products. We consider NTMs imposed by China on its imports as China not only dominates world trade but its trade policies influence global trading patterns. Our results suggest that NTMs do help increase imports of less sophisticated products into China, particularly if they are originating from low-income countries. Although, our OLS and IV estimations report similar results for products facing NTMs and not facing NTMs, the magnitude of the influence is higher for the products facing NTMs when we consider fixed effect estimations. We introduce an interaction variable defined by the income level of the trading partner. The interaction variable magnifies the influence of the level of export sophistication for products facing NTMs on imports into China, while that for products not facing NTMs become insignificant.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 425-445
Issue: 6
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.2022840
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022840
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# input file: MCES_A_2022841_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Yuwen Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: Growth Shocks under Alternative Macro Regimes in a Developing Economy
Abstract: 
 A key challenge facing most developing economies today is how to simultaneously maintain monetary independence, exchange rate stability, and financial integration, subject to the constraints imposed by the impossible trinity. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by examining and comparing alternative macroeconomic policy choices for a developing economy with growth shocks. To that end, we introduce a three-sector “almost small” open economy macroeconomic model, and calibrate this model to proxy the China in 2005 when it made the transition from being an economy that was bounded by the impossible trinity. We design two alternative macroeconomic policy regimes and apply the calibrated model to analyze both the short-run and the long-run responses to several domestic and external growth shocks, which appeared important for a developing economy like China during its economic reform period in the 2000s. The model simulation shows that most growth shocks cause an expansion in the real GDP level. Moreover, greater flexibility in the exchange rate allows the central bank to conduct independent monetary policy, the benefit from which increases as financial capital becomes more internationally mobile. Our findings draw policy implication for those developing countries considering alternative macroeconomic policy regimes to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 446-459
Issue: 6
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.2022841
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022841
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# input file: MCES_A_2022838_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Kai-yin Woo
Author-X-Name-First: Kai-yin
Author-X-Name-Last: Woo
Author-Name: Shu-kam Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Shu-kam
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Paul Kwok-ching Shum
Author-X-Name-First: Paul Kwok-ching
Author-X-Name-Last: Shum
Title: Nonparametric Cointegration Tests for Price Convergence within the Greater Bay Area of China
Abstract: 
 The Chinese Government plans to create a world-class city cluster in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). The GBA is a very attractive destination for both national and international businesses to profit in trading and investment activities. To realize the anticipated profit potential, existence of purchasing power parity (PPP) is a necessary condition for a favorable prospect of closer economic cooperation and integration in the GBA city cluster. Research study that investigates the PPP relationships among the GBA cities is scarce. To fill this research gap, our study aims to examine validity of the PPP and the extent of goods market integration in the GBA. Since the functional form of the cointegrating relationship may not be exact or linear, we adopt the rank tests for analysis without prior knowledge and specification of the functional form. We also address the rank problems that occur in multivariate rank tests. Results of the rank tests confirm validity of the PPP relationships among the GBA cities with some empirical evidence of nonlinearity that clear the doubt concerning the potential barriers to goods market integration in the GBA. There are policy implications for the local and central authorities in justifying further integrated development programs.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 410-424
Issue: 6
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.2022838
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022838
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# input file: MCES_A_2022839_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Nisit Panthamit
Author-X-Name-First: Nisit
Author-X-Name-Last: Panthamit
Author-Name: Chukiat Chaiboonsri
Author-X-Name-First: Chukiat
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaiboonsri
Author-Name: Chira Bureecam
Author-X-Name-First: Chira
Author-X-Name-Last: Bureecam
Title: Impact of China’s OFDI to the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)
Abstract: 
 The study aims to investigate the impact of China's outward foreign investment (OFDI) in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand (CLMVT). The motivation behind this paper is to examine a pivotal role in determining the macroeconomic factors in these five hosting countries as the “neighboring model” of China. Using panel data for China's outward to her five neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) for the period 2007–2019. This paper uses two different panel specifications models named correlation from classical statistics and Bayesian statistics where empirical results of this research qualify that China's OFDI is the main factor to have a positive influence on the macroeconomic factors in CLMVT.HighlightsThe GMS region is currently challenging the general FDI theory from the “neighboring model” of China’s going global” strategy using OFDI as a pioneer for success for the small developing country namely, CLMVT. Many studies showed that the implementation of the “Belt and Road” strategy will help China increase investment in countries along the route, which will further promote the implementation of the “on going” strategy since 2013.We use panel data for China's outward to her five neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) for the period 2007–2019, measures the potential of China’s outward foreign direct investment by using two different panel specifications models named correlation from classical statistics and Bayesian statistics.This research implements the core concept of Bayes’ theorem. This theorem allows us to use a priori beliefs of probability to combine with evidence that it can be found (update every economic situation in CLMVT countries) then this method will have a new prediction of the posterior probability distribution. The posterior probability distribution will be received from the simulation algorithm once again. It would be calculated from the scope of every scenario that can be happening based on our belief in the future.The Bayesian correlation testing still confirms that the FDI inflow from China per GDP of CLMVT countries has the most play important role to drive the macroeconomic of these five countries’ economy.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 460-476
Issue: 6
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2021.2022839
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022839
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# input file: MCES_A_2058180_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Thi Huong Giang Vuong
Author-X-Name-First: Thi Huong Giang
Author-X-Name-Last: Vuong
Author-Name: Yang-Che Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Yang-Che
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Tzu-Ching Weng
Author-X-Name-First: Tzu-Ching
Author-X-Name-Last: Weng
Author-Name: Huu Manh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Huu Manh
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Xuan Vinh Vo
Author-X-Name-First: Xuan Vinh
Author-X-Name-Last: Vo
Title: Capital Structure Choices and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Abstract: 
 An essential issue of listed firms is adjusting their capital structure as stock market volatility increases. Our study examines this concern by using panel data of the Shanghai Stock Exchange for the period 2008–2018. We find that stock market volatility has immediate positive effects on both total market leverage and short-term market leverage but a negative influence on the long-term market leverage of Chinese listed firms. In this scenario, Chinese listed firms adjust their debt structure by using high bank debts and cutting trade credit due to lower debt costs. Further analyses confirm that the proportion of bank debts to total debts visibly increases while that of trade credit to total debts distinctly decreases. Furthermore, we implement robust tests regarding potential issues, such as sample selection, model selection, endogenous factors, and quantile regression to strengthen the robustness of the main findings. This study provides the first framework for investigating a link between the stock market volatility and capital structure decisions in a typical emerging market.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 25-49
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2058180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2058180
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# input file: MCES_A_2058182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Xinyao Li
Author-X-Name-First: Xinyao
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Chung-Khain Wye
Author-X-Name-First: Chung-Khain
Author-X-Name-Last: Wye
Title: The Effect of Investment in Education on China’s Economic Growth: The Role of Financial Development
Abstract: 
 Earlier studies have focused on how education investment affects economic growth in different countries, namely developed and developing countries. The conclusions have been ambiguous and one of the dominant factors leading to such variation is the omission of financial development indicators. The present paper makes use of panel date from 2005 to 2019 on 31 provinces of China to examine how financial development can influence the relationship between education investment and economic growth. The findings show that financial development does not facilitate the impact of education investment on economic growth in wealthier regions. However, for poorer provinces with GDP per capita below the average, financial development as proxied by the ratio of total loans and total deposits in the financial system to GDP, respectively, can indeed enhance the effect of education investment on economic growth. Such enhancement is valid even when the proxies for education investment and financial development respectively pose negative effect on economic growth. Credit expansion and savings increase may facilitate government expenditure in education, which in turn promotes economic growth in relatively poor provinces to a greater degree than does the relatively wealthy provinces. Financial development strategy should be targeted to poorer provinces with below-average economic growth to facilitate growth-promoting educational financing.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 69-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2058182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2058182
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# input file: MCES_A_2058183_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Haiwen Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Haiwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: State Capacity and Leadership: Why Did China Take off?
Abstract: 
 For a large economy trying to achieve industrialization, it needs to develop indigenous technological capacities to make growth sustainable. Industrialization can be challenging to achieve because it might be difficult to develop technologies without changing culture and political institutions which are useful to maintain ruling. Rulers in ancient China choose institutions to prevent internal rebellions. Industrialization was a new goal for the Qing government in the 19th century, and previous institutions were not designed to handle this issue. China’s high growth rates after 1978 resulted from internal reforms to increase efficiency and external openness to absorb foreign capital, knowledge, and technologies. China’s state capacity and leadership supported developing technological capacities in the catch-up process.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 50-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2058183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2058183
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# input file: MCES_A_2058181_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Miaomiao Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Miaomiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Author-Name: Lim Thye Goh
Author-X-Name-First: Lim Thye
Author-X-Name-Last: Goh
Title: Effects of Carbon Trading Pilot on Carbon Emission Reduction: Evidence from China’s 283 Prefecture-Level Cities
Abstract: 
 Empirical evidence demonstrates that market-driven carbon trading scheme (ETS) is a crucial instrument for China to control environmental pollution. Based on the panel data of China’s 283 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2017, this research investigated the transmission mechanism, direct and indirect effects of ETS on carbon emission intensity (CEI) using difference-in-differences (DID) model, propensity-score-matched difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) model at national, regional, and local levels (cities with different industrial characteristics). The results demonstrated the mediating effects of total energy consumption, energy consumption structure, and industrial structure upgrading in the incentive role of ETS on CEI reduction. Moreover, ETS directly and effectively reduced CEI at the national level, while the spatial heterogenous effects were identified at regional and local levels, which emphasises the necessity and importance of unified carbon trading market establishment and classified governance.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2058181
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# input file: MCES_A_2096808_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Qinchen Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Qinchen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Sectoral and Country-Origin Dynamics of FDI in China in 1997-2020
Abstract: 
 FDI flows in China have increased for decades, but the sectoral and country-origin distribution change over times. Chinese FDI inflows have experienced a shift from manufacturing to real estate and service sectors. A series of factors including labor cost increase, currency appreciation, overcapacity of production, domestic competition rise and US trade war cause negative effects on manufacturing FDI flows. However, rising purchasing power, consumer demand and market capacity create new opportunities for foreign business in China. The government makes efforts to nurture service trade as an engine of economic growth alongside trade in goods. Many incentive policies have been launched for numerous service industries. These are the push hand behind the rapid rise in service FDI. The neighboring countries or regions in Asia and free trade ports with taxation advantages contribute vast majority of the FDI in China. Hong Kong's status as the largest supplier of FDI to the mainland has become increasingly prominent over the past 20 years, partially due to so called “round-trip” FDI. Chinese economic diplomacy promotes regional integration in East and Southeast Asia, and creates conditions for the liberalization of intra-regional investment. Closer trade connections with European countries boost the EU investment in China over recent years. Our studies of FDI's structural changes in China can generate policy implications widely for the government, foreign companies and investors, as well as developing countries committed to FDI attraction.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 89-103
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2096808
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2096808
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# input file: MCES_A_2096809_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Sho Komatsu
Author-X-Name-First: Sho
Author-X-Name-Last: Komatsu
Author-Name: Aya Suzuki
Author-X-Name-First: Aya
Author-X-Name-Last: Suzuki
Title: The Impact of Different Levels of Income Inequality on Subjective Well-Being in China: A Panel Data Analysis
Abstract: 
 Income inequality is one of the most serious issues globally and China is the representative examples of this issue. Income inequality remains high in China and may negatively affects subjective well-being. This study clarifies whether income inequality affects subjective well-being in China. Using five waves of the 2010-2018 data from China Family Panel Studies, a panel data analysis reveals the following: First, general income inequality measured by provincial Gini coefficients has a significant U-shaped impact. Second, between-group income inequality, measured as income ratio between urban hukou residents and migrants with rural hukou, has a significant U-shaped impact. Third, urban-rural income inequality measured by provincial urban to rural household per capita income ratio has an inverted-U-shaped impact. To address endogeneity problems of income inequality, this study adopts instrumental variable approach. For the further robustness checks of the validity of the instrumental variable used, this study adopts the recent Conley et al. (2012) bounds approach. Our results are robust after addressing endogeneity problem. One important policy implication stemming from our results is the need to adopt strategies that ensure a more inclusive society without hukou-related and urban–rural discrimination.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 104-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2096809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2096809
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# input file: MCES_A_2096807_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Qianfei Shu
Author-X-Name-First: Qianfei
Author-X-Name-Last: Shu
Title: Agglomeration and Firm Financing: Evidence from High and New Technology Chinese Firms in the Pearl River Delta
Abstract: 
 Using firm-level panel data from 1998 to 2015 for high and new technology firms in the Pearl River Delta in China, I investigated the effect of policy-directed industrial agglomeration on firm financing (trade credit and bank loan). I find that small and young firms are more likely to utilize trade credit, while large and old-established firms tend to rely on bank loans. I also find that the agglomeration effect is more remarkable for foreign and private-owned firms both in trade credit and bank loans, while state-owned firms fail to benefit from the effect of industrial agglomeration. These findings suggest that in China, policy-oriented industrial agglomeration plays an important role in alleviating financial constraints. Additionally, endogeneity issue is addressed by using two-stage estimation with instrumental variable and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 124-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2096807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2096807
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:56:y:2023:i:2:p:124-146



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# input file: MCES_A_2096810_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Sérgio Edegar Girardi de Quadros
Author-X-Name-First: Sérgio Edegar Girardi
Author-X-Name-Last: de Quadros
Author-Name: André Filipe Zago de Azevedo
Author-X-Name-First: André Filipe Zago
Author-X-Name-Last: de Azevedo
Title: The Internationalization of Renminbi: The View of Brazilian Companies Regarding the Internationalization Process of Chinese Currency
Abstract: 
 China is the second largest global economy and Brazil’s largest trade partner. Ever since the financial crisis of 2008, there has been deliberate intention on the part of the Chinese government to internationalize its currency. This study aims to investigate the perception of Brazilian companies regarding the internationalization of renminbi and its impacts on trade with China. We performed a qualitative research through a theoretical sampling, selecting nine major companies presenting relevant trade with China. The research shows that, by adopting renminbi, companies can reap economic benefits such as increase in trade and reduction in transaction costs, for instance. Some barriers have also been identified, coinciding with the literature review, such as lack of liquidity, reliability and independence of the Chinese monetary authority and other issues related to cultural differences. The companies interviewed support certain initiatives, such as entering into swap agreement and the adoption, by the Brazilian Central Bank, of renminbi in its international reserves. Finally, this study proposes financial cooperation agreements with China, aiming at reducing barriers on employing the Chinese currency and increasing business deals between both countries.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 147-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2096810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2096810
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# input file: MCES_A_2132699_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Adesola Ibironke
Author-X-Name-First: Adesola
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibironke
Title: The Volatilities of Chinese and American Trade with Africa: Which Country’s Trade Volatility is the Most Influential?
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the relative influence of the volatilities of Chinese and American trade with Africa, by exploring the volatilities, their comovements, and four potential international drivers that can increase or decrease the volatilities. The drivers considered are Euro Area’s trade with Africa; U.S. recessions; economic globalization; and fluctuations in China’s economy. The paper employs the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC-) generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and monthly data spanning 1970M1 to 2020M07. The results show that, without controlling for drivers, the volatilities of Chinese and American trade with Africa are quite high, with similar magnitudes and significant comovements. When drivers are controlled for, Euro Area’s trade does not influence the volatilities significantly. However, America’s recessions make Chinese trade volatility to become higher, while economic globalization makes it to become lower, relative to America’s trade volatility. These results imply that Chinese trade volatility is more influential than America’s trade volatility, due to two international drivers. Furthermore, fluctuations in China’s economy significantly influence the trade volatility of China itself and the trade volatility of the bigger economy, the U.S., which confirms China’s significant international influence. One of the key policy implications of these findings is that globalization does not necessarily increase trade volatility in all contexts. This paper provides new evidence that in the context of a single trade market, globalization is an antidote of trade volatility because it involves the availability of diverse markets across the global economy, which consequently reduces the panic of traders within the single market.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 220-243
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2132699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2132699
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# input file: MCES_A_2132701_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hang Hang Dong
Author-X-Name-First: Hang Hang
Author-X-Name-Last: Dong
Author-Name: Chen Chen Yong
Author-X-Name-First: Chen Chen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yong
Author-Name: Sook Lu Yong
Author-X-Name-First: Sook Lu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yong
Title: The Determinants of China’s Services Trade
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the determinants of services trade in China with a panel of 42 trading partners during the period of 2000–2014. Using augmented Gravity model, the estimated results from Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) show that the sectoral output of China and its trading partners, sharing of common borders, fixed telephone subscription in China, exchange rate, perception of lower corruption in partner countries contribute positively to services trade between China and its trading partners. On the contrary but not surprisingly, trade restrictiveness and distance between capitals of China and its trading partners are negatively associated with services trade between China and its counterparts. Greater availability and adoption of information and communication technology in partner countries, proxied by fixed telephone subscription, appear to have a negative (positive) effect on China’s services exports (imports). On the policy front, this paper suggests that the Chinese government should devise policies to deal with non-tariff trade restrictions and improve the country’s telecommunication infrastructure to address the services trade gaps with its trading partners.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 182-193
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2132701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2132701
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# input file: MCES_A_2132700_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yuwen Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Yuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: Business Cycle Synchronization and Multilateral Trade Integration in the BRICS
Abstract: 
 Two decades have passed since the acronym BRIC was coined in 2001. The cooperation within the BRIC was formalized in 2009, and the BRIC expanded into BRICS after South Africa joined in 2010. To deepen economic cooperation within the BRICS, the progress of regional economic integration will affect the degree of business cycle synchronization within the region, which in turn will have an impact on the direction and magnitude of macroeconomic interdependence and growth spillovers among the regional partners. In this paper, we find inconclusive evidence of cross-country business cycle synchronization and trade integration in the BRICS. To investigate their potential for further multilateral trade integration, we combine data on international trade linkages with network methods to examine the multilateral trade system in the BRICS as an interdependent complex network. We map the topology of the BRICS multilateral trade network, and assess the extent of their multilateral trade integration. The policy implication is that to promote BRICS regional economic integration, there are two possible paths forward: the formation of regional trade agreement (RTA), and the adoption of central bank digital currency (CBDC).
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 163-181
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2132700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2132700
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# input file: MCES_A_2132703_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Xin Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Xin
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Title: Effects of Trade Unions on Workers’ Job Satisfaction: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the effect of trade unions on workers’ job satisfaction in China, based on panel data analyses that accommodate unobserved heterogeneity and the sorting problems—dissatisfied workers are more likely to be union members, and workplaces with poor working conditions are more likely to result in establishing unions. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies, econometric models are estimated to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of the dynamic change in union membership status (union membership history) on job satisfaction. The results show that while unions effectively improve members’ job satisfaction and union effects vary by household registration type (urban versus rural hukou), unions fail to impress their members with the benefits they offer. The study offers several policy recommendations for rural hukou workers to benefit from union membership more effectively than they do now.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 194-219
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2132703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2132703
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# input file: MCES_A_2136696_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Muhamad Iksan
Author-X-Name-First: Muhamad
Author-X-Name-Last: Iksan
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of Indonesia’s Development Strategy under China-USA Power Rivalry and Hegemonic Competition: A Middle Power with Its Hedging Strategy
Abstract: 
 In the new century, a growing power rivalry and contest between China and USA has significantly impacted the Asia-Pacific region. In turn, Indonesia has tried to avoid being caught in the middle between these two great powers. Among unanswered questions are how to respond to influences affecting politics and security and how to interact concerning economic cooperation and market integration. This article will explore how Indonesia tried to protect its own national interests amid this great-power competition by making strategic and timely policy choices from 2016 to 2022. We offer a new argument and interpretation for how a middle-sized power like Indonesia can flexibly and efficiently operate a hedging strategy toward US and China to promote its own security and development. Neoclassic realism will be applied to interpret a strategic triangle. As such, we explore Indonesia’s state leadership, domestic politics, political culture, and economic entity within the context of US-China power rivalry, closely in related to facing China’s Belt-and-Road initiative (BRI) as well as US’s Indo-Pacific Strategy with Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF).
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 304-320
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136696
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# input file: MCES_A_2136694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Wen-Chih Chao
Author-X-Name-First: Wen-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Chao
Title: The Political Economy of the Philippines and Its Development Strategy under China-USA Power Rivalry and Hegemonic Competition: Hedge with Balance
Abstract: 
 The competition between the United States and China has intensified since the Trump administration, and the two sides have clashed in the areas such as the economy, military, politics, technology, and human rights. This conflict presents countries in the Indo-Pacific region with the challenge of navigating foreign policy with these two hegemonic powers. The Philippines is one such country facing the challenge of maintaining a balanced relationship with the two countries as a major concern for a strategic triangle. The incumbent Philippine president must calculate the benefits and risks before formulating policies. Facing such a dilemma, former President Aquino chose to file a lawsuit with the International Arbitration Court and strengthen cooperation with the United States to defend the sovereignty of the Philippines in the SCS, whereas former President Duterte chose to shelve the sovereignty of the SCS and to cooperate with China under the framework of the BRI. However, President Duterte quickly changed his anti-United States stance in the climate of the ongoing conflict between the Philippines and China over islands and reefs in the SCS and then cooperated with the United States to reinstate the military cooperation agreement that he had suspended. Current President Marcos Jr. has adopted a more subtle approach. He declared that he would maintain economic cooperation with China and, at the same time, would strengthen bilateral cooperation with the United States, thereby attempting to maintain a balanced relationship with the two countries. In sum, the Philippines has adopted a dynamic balancing strategy to defend its national interests in the face of the strategic competition between the United States and China in the Indo-Pacific region.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 292-303
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136694
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# input file: MCES_A_2136699_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jiranuwat Swaspitchayaskun
Author-X-Name-First: Jiranuwat
Author-X-Name-Last: Swaspitchayaskun
Author-Name: Siwat Surakitbovorn
Author-X-Name-First: Siwat
Author-X-Name-Last: Surakitbovorn
Title: Thailand and Its Development Strategies under USA-China Power Rivalry: The Difficulty of Balancing Influence and Hedging
Abstract: 
 The relations between the United States and China is currently changing into a more aggressive competition, with the US seeing China’s rise as a force that diminishes its role as a superpower reshaping the world order. With the current US-China relationship, Thailand is sandwiched in a dilemma of how to best balance the influence of the two superpowers and to hedge to avoid embarrassment or the possible effects of drawing too close to either one. Thailand has emphasized its policy of being neutral or as a “buffer state,” hedging between China and the US economically and politically – a policy it employed during the colonization of Indochina and the Second World War. Through this strategy, Thailand has been able to maintain a political and economic balance with the two superpowers as it did in the past and benefit from its role as an important geopolitical link of China and the United States. Nevertheless, Thailand faces the challenge of balancing influences as it invokes old policies to survive being torn apart in new rivalries.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 330-338
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136699
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# input file: MCES_A_2136700_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Pei-Shan Kao
Author-X-Name-First: Pei-Shan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kao
Title: The Political Economy of Singapore and Its Development Strategies under USA-China Power Rivalry: A Choice of Hedging Policies
Abstract: 
 Since the United States and China established diplomatic relations, this relationship has been encountered many difficulties; for example, the 1989 Tiananmen Square Incident, the 1999 US-led NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, the 2001 US-China aircraft collision in China’s Hainan Island, and China’s 15-year World Trade Organization accession negotiation process and its disputes later with the United States under the WTO, etc. Needless to say, the two great powers also have serious debates and arguments on the Taiwan issue. Under this long-term US-China strategic competition and conflict, Southeast Asian countries therefore have their views and considerations. They smartly have cooperated with China on trade and economic issues while are eagerly or kind of faithfully inclined toward the United States on political and militarily issues. This paper therefore wants to review first the neorealist assumptions on great powers’ relations, and then examine US-China strategic competition and rivalry in the Pacific. Also, it introduces Singapore’s domestic politics and foreign policy as well as its strategic hedging considerations and choices under US-China power rivalry and make a conclusion.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 339-351
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136700
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# input file: MCES_A_2136692_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Guanie Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Guanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Chengwei Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Chengwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: The Political Economy of Japan’s Development Strategy under China-US Rivalry: The Crane, the Dragon, and the Bald Eagle
Abstract: 
 Much has been written on how an increasingly assertive China has sought to challenge the incumbent players in the global and regional arenas. Japan, as East Asia’s regional hegemon, is said to be throwing its weight behind the US because it has much to lose in an era of China rising. Nevertheless, how much of this resembles reality? This article seeks to unpack some commonly held assumptions, focusing on the political/security as well as economic choices facing Japan. It argues that the Japanese have seemingly forged a rather strong alignment with the US in the sphere of politics/security, often with an eye to limit the influence of China. However, the situation is less clear cut when it comes to opportunities and challenges in the economic realm. Indeed, in some of Japan’s most prominent industries, one observes complementarity effects and close interdependence with the Chinese economy. These findings illustrate that China-Japan competition is more complex than commonly portrayed, in addition to raising questions about the complicating effects that economic interdependence can have in a nation’s “strategic” policies.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 281-291
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136692
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# input file: MCES_A_2136689_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of Asian States and Their Development Strategies under USA-China Power Rivalry: Conducting Hedging Strategy on Triangular Relation and Operation
Abstract: 
 Since 2020, the rising economic competition and political rivalries have become intensive and austere between the United States and China. The formation of new global economic and political orders have started to establish a new era gradually under a USA-China hegemonic contest. As a consequence, Asian states have been enforced and reluctant to face the escalating and reshaping regional orders amid the USA-China power rivalry in the new millennium. There are three important parts emphasized for this special issue. One, the research approach will be based on the integration of neoclassic realism and a strategic triangle. Two, the strategic choice of small states toward a China-USA power rivalry intends to apply balancing, bandwagoning, and hedging strategies. The last, involves conducting a research framework of small state’s responses and strategies on the basis of hedging governance.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 245-255
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136689
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136689
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# input file: MCES_A_2136690_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Van-Hoa Vu
Author-X-Name-First: Van-Hoa
Author-X-Name-Last: Vu
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Author-Name: Khac-Nghia Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Khac-Nghia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: The Political Economy of Vietnam and Its Development Strategy under China–USA Power Rivalry and Hegemonic Competition: Hedging for Survival
Abstract: 
 The US–China confrontation has been undertaking a great change ever since the end of the Cold War. The two superpowers are embarking in a comprehensive confrontation in various spheres: trade, investment, technology, security, ideology, and so on. In order to avoid being a political pawn in the game of great powers, Vietnam consistently conducts the policy of non-taking side and hedging strategy between China and the US, economically and politically. This strategy is a successful integrated combination of bandwagoning and balancing policies comprehensively. It has so far helped Vietnam to take advantages of its geo-politics for better economic development and at the same time to reduce negative influences and pressures from both powers on its national autonomy and independence.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 256-270
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136690
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136690
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# input file: MCES_A_2136691_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Wayne Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Author-Name: Jenn-Jaw Soong
Author-X-Name-First: Jenn-Jaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Soong
Title: The Political Economy of India and Its Strategic Choice under USA–China Power Rivalry and Hegemonic Competition: A Defensive Hedging Policy
Abstract: 
 This paper explores hedging in a theoretical thinking and applies it to the foreign policy of India in an era of growing USA–China power rivalry. In this regard, hedging is defined as insurance seeking strategy under situations with high uncertainty, where rational actors (both middle and small states) will try to avoid taking sides and to pursue room for autonomy in decision-making. While Washington and Beijing dislike middle and small countries’ hedging, they both overlook that it is the uncertainties stemming from their own behaviors that push middle and small states to hedge. As uncertainties deepen, most countries in Indo-Pacific region will prefer to use hedging policies to reduce their possible losses. For India, unless USA–China rivalry escalates into a direct military conflict, or unless Washington retreats its commitment to regional security in Indo-Pacific, then India will stop hedging and moving to bandwagoning with China; or if Beijing’s actions directly undermine India’s vital interests in security, then India’s hedging will be replaced by balancing against China. In short, hedging is a passive response, not an active choice; India’s hedging strategy is very likely to persist on making ambiguities in the USA–China–India strategic triangle and entanglement.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 271-280
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136691
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# input file: MCES_A_2136697_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kok Fay Chin
Author-X-Name-First: Kok Fay
Author-X-Name-Last: Chin
Title: Malaysia in Changing Geopolitical Economy: Navigating Great Power Competition between China and the United States
Abstract: 
 The past two years have witnessed escalating geopolitical tensions occurring not only in the political but also economic domains especially technology and global supply chains, infrastructure connectivity, trade and finance. With tensions between the US and China escalating on many fronts, Southeast Asia has become a focal point of strategic rivalry again as Biden’s Indo-Pacific Strategy 2022 attempts to rebuild the US-led order in Asia to blunt China’s growing influence in the region. A series of economic initiatives following his Indo-Pacific strategy focuses on reconfiguring the semiconductor global supply chain. In this context, the paper aims to examine how Malaysia cope with the complex patterns of cooperation, competition and conflict arising from the current shifts in the global geopolitics and geoeconomics. The paper benefits from the insights from the international political economy research which explores how the Malaysian government strives to reconcile domestic and international imperatives in navigating the changing global geopolitical economy, which can be perceived as both a threat as well as an opportunity by the state and non-state actors in the country. The question of whether hedging is tenable is undoubtedly contingent upon the extent of big power rivalry. Given the greater uncertainty over the pernicious effects of rising regional polarization and retreat from economic globalization, Malaysia will continue to maintain strategic ambiguity as long as US-China rivalry has not (yet) escalated into outright military conflict. Nevertheless, the paper concludes that the space to hedge may be squeezed since small power like Malaysia may face harsher realities as it navigates the changing geopolitical economy landscape. Hence, the ASEAN solidarity and cohesion is crucial to ensure a more unified regional response to the escalating Sino-American strategic competition.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 321-329
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2022.2136697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2022.2136697
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# input file: MCES_A_2198466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Notice of Duplicate Publication: “Financial Factors and Financial Crises: Evidence from Financial Statements of Mainland Chinese Firms”
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: I-I
Issue: 5
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2198466
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2198466
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# input file: MCES_A_2173396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yiran Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yiran
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Yidong Li
Author-X-Name-First: Yidong
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: George Lodorfos
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Lodorfos
Author-Name: Junjie Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Junjie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Impact of Structural Distortions on Resource Allocation in China: Evidence from an Innovative Empirical Model
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the impact of structural distortions on resource allocation among industries, regions (provinces), and ownerships in China, using data from 2003 to 2019. This paper innovatively develops an empirical model to measure multi-dimensional structural distortions and assesses the resource misallocation degrees regarding industries, regions, and ownerships. The results indicate that China’s most serious resource misallocation is related to industries, followed by regions and ownerships, and the most severe capital misallocation is associated with ownership, and labor misallocation exists in industries. The present study contributes to the literature by creating an innovative two-layer empirical model to address the limitations of Hsieh and Klenow’s model. The findings have identified which group (industry, region, and ownership) is excessive or insufficient in resource usage, and the results have profound policy and practical implications.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 366-383
Issue: 5
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2173396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2173396
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# input file: MCES_A_2173399_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kevin Honglin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Honglin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: U.S.-China Economic Links and Technological Decoupling
Abstract: 
 The US has been waging an economic decoupling from China, in which national security concerns replace economic logic and loss-loss game replaces win-win gains from globalization. The decoupling is generating profound ramifications for the world as well as the US and China. The article explores the following questions: what drives the US government to implement the decoupling? what rationales for technology separation as the core of the decoupling? and what are possible outcomes of the decoupling in the short run and long run? It argues that (a) the decoupling was motivated mainly by national security and geopolitical concerns that China’s rapid rise has come to be seen as the largest threat to the US hegemony; (b) the decoupling concentrates on high-tech industries because technology is critical for the US to maintain its global hegemony, and (c) it is highly uncertain for the US to achieve its policy goals and a complete decoupling could divide the world into two economic blocs that centered on them.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 353-365
Issue: 5
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2173399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2173399
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# input file: MCES_A_2173398_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ho Hoang Gia Bao
Author-X-Name-First: Ho Hoang Gia
Author-X-Name-Last: Bao
Author-Name: Thi Thu Hong Dinh
Author-X-Name-First: Thi Thu Hong
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinh
Author-Name: Hoang Phong Le
Author-X-Name-First: Hoang Phong
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Title: A Nonlinear Industry-Level Analysis of China’s Trade Balances with the EU-28: Does the Utilization of the Vehicle Currency USD Matter?
Abstract: 
 As the USD is the globally dominant vehicle currency, the exchange rate USD/CNY can affect China’s trade balances with not only the US but also other partners. Nevertheless, most of the existing studies overlook its role when analyzing China’s trade balances with non-US partners. This common drawback conceals the possible effects of currency choice for invoicing the exported and imported merchandise. Moreover, the proportion of invoicing currencies can vary from industry to industry, which implies the distinctive patterns in China’s exchange rate-trade balance nexus at industry level. Motivated by the facts that China and the EU are now the largest trading partners of each other, and they substantially use the vehicle currency USD, this paper is the first to examine the nonlinear impacts of USD/CNY on China’s trade balances with the EU-28 at industry level, which minimizes aggregation bias and reveals more detailed and helpful findings for policy-makers. The empirical results indicate that the responses of China’s trade balances in each industry are contingent on the choice of invoicing currencies. And the depreciation of CNY against the vehicle currency USD cannot stimulate China’s trade balances.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 384-398
Issue: 5
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2173398
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2173398
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# input file: MCES_A_2173397_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tsung Pao Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Tsung Pao
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Hung-Che Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Hung-Che
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: George L. Ye
Author-X-Name-First: George L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Xingyuan Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Xingyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Author-Name: Feng Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: The Symmetric and Asymmetric in the Nexus Tourism and Economic Development in China
Abstract: 
 To account for potential asymmetries in the relationship, this study applies new bootstrap symmetric and asymmetric multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between international tourism receipts (ITRs) and economic growth in China for the period from 1995 to 2019. The result supports evidence for the symmetric causality in Henan, showing significant one-way Granger causality from ITRs to real gross domestic product (RGDP). They also indicate that Hunan has significant one-way Granger causality from RGDP to ITRs. These results denote that the hidden tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid in Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei and Jiangxi.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 399-414
Issue: 5
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2173397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2173397
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# input file: MCES_A_2200662_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yongqing Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yongqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Long-run Effects of Monetary Policy of China on Its Economic Growth
Abstract: 
 Despite considerable reforms of Chinese monetary policy, very few papers have empirically examined the long-run effects of monetary policy on China’s economic growth. Our purpose is to shed some light on it. We use money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real interest rate to describe monetary policy of China. We first apply the Granger causality test to annual data from 1980 to 2020 to examine the relationship between monetary policy and China’s economic growth measured by Chinese real GDP. Our results suggest both money supply and real effective exchange rate Ganger cause Chinese real GDP, while real interest does not. We then adopt the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model without asymmetric effects and nonlinear ARDL with asymmetric effects of exchange rate to estimate the impact of monetary policy on China’s economic growth. Our long-run results indicate that expansion of money supply would promote Chinese real GDP growth. Both higher interest rate and depreciation would hinder China’s economic growth. There are asymmetric effects of exchange rate on growth. Finally, the CUSUM and CUSUMQ stability test results reveal that the relationship among money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real interest rate with Chinese real GDP is stable.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 431-440
Issue: 6
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2200662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2200662
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# input file: MCES_A_2213631_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Seamus Grimes
Author-X-Name-First: Seamus
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimes
Title: China’s Evolving Role in the Chemical Global Value Chain
Abstract: 
 This paper explores China’s integration into the chemical global value chain (GVC) in the past decade through the experience of foreign chemical companies. It examines how the intellectual monopoly of foreign companies help them to exercise control in the GVC, but over time how the challenges of co-evolving with local rival Chinese companies erode that advantage as they face the challenge of maintaining market share by learning to collaborate within a very different innovation environment. It explores these developments by contextualizing the presence of Chinese companies within particular segments of the GVC and through a longitudinal series of company interviews.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 441-458
Issue: 6
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2213631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2213631
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# input file: MCES_A_2193118_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mohamad Zreik
Author-X-Name-First: Mohamad
Author-X-Name-Last: Zreik
Title: Analytical study on Foreign Direct Investment Divestment Inflows and Outflows in Developing Economies: Evidence of China
Abstract: 
 Multilateral organizations are taking attention toward foreign divestment; they are in practice to shift toward a large number of host countries from their home countries. In this paper, the significant role of FDI divestment in the development of the economy has been discussed. The role and contribution of FDI divestment in emerging economies have been discussed. The study employs qualitative descriptive analysis to address the determinants of FDI divestment operated by the emerging economies specifically in China. The study is based on economic reports, official documents, and data directly related to the subject of the study. The role and contribution of FDI divestment to develop a strong corporate sector are elaborated in this paper. Furthermore, the role of FDI divestment in reforming organizations and their sustainable growth with the support of evidence has been discussed. Issues regarding FDI divestment faced by different stakeholders have been explained in this research. Inflows and outflows of FDI divestment with cause and effect have been discussed in this paper. Additionally, this study examined the role of multilateral organizations to convince emerging economies by improving their divestment approach. In global strategy formulation FDI divestment consider as a significant aspect. It is observed, that this aspect of the strategy is still untouched in the field of international business and business academies. This study is specifically in the context of China with under consideration of other developed economies. This study investigates the encouraging factors for growing economies to formulate their divestment policies.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 415-430
Issue: 6
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2193118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2193118
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# input file: MCES_A_2227028_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ke Lyu
Author-X-Name-First: Ke
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyu
Title: Social Capital and Self-Employment Dynamics in China
Abstract: 
 Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship can stimulate economic growth and foster technology innovation, while subsistence-driven self-employment can have the opposite effect. In China, a country with a typical relational society and a middle-income status, the nature of nonagricultural self-employment remains contentious. Examining the influence of social capital on entrepreneurial activities can provide insight into the nature of entrepreneurial activities in China, although this issue has received relatively little attention in the literature. To address this gap, this study employs multivariate discrete choice modeling on national representative samples from the China Family Panel Studies dataset to assess the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship dynamics. The results indicate that relational, structural, and cognitive social capital all affect entrepreneurial dynamics, and these effects vary between urban and rural areas. Individuals who are less likely to be members of an organization, who are less conscientious, and who have low levels of trust and gift expenses are more likely to become self-employed. Conversely, people with high trust, strong conscientiousness, and low social status are more likely to exit self-employment. In addition, individuals with lower levels of human capital are more likely to both enter and exit self-employment. These findings suggest that self-employment tends to be subsistence-driven in China, which has implications for policymakers seeking to promote opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activities.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 459-485
Issue: 6
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2227028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2227028
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# input file: MCES_A_2234791_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Abdul Sattar
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Sattar
Author-Name: Abida Hassan
Author-X-Name-First: Abida
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan
Author-Name: Muhammad Noshab Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Noshab Hussain
Author-Name: Uzma Sakhi
Author-X-Name-First: Uzma
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakhi
Author-Name: Teme Temesgen Hordofa
Author-X-Name-First: Teme
Author-X-Name-Last: Temesgen Hordofa
Title: Does China’s Education and Cultural Diplomacy Promote Economic Growth in the Belt and Road Countries?
Abstract: 
 By employing panel data estimation for the period 2010–2019 we test the economic effects of China’s education and cultural diplomacy in 56 Belt and Road countries. For empirical analysis, we used pooled ordinary least squares (POLS). Our empirical finding shows that China’s education and cultural diplomacy has a positive and significant impact on trade and economic growth and these findings are robust to the estimation approaches. It is suggested that developing countries from the Belt and Road Initiative should establish collaborations with China to establish “University-Industry Linkages” to capture the knowledge economy and to boost trade, economic and social development. Moreover, the Government of China should also pay more attention to the economic effects of China’s education and cultural factors like Confucius Institutes and Universities in policy design.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 18-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2234791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2234791
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# input file: MCES_A_2266966_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Qiujie Zheng
Author-X-Name-First: Qiujie
Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng
Author-Name: Weiyang Diao
Author-X-Name-First: Weiyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Diao
Author-Name: Yonggang Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Yonggang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Yunfeng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Guangqing Chi
Author-X-Name-First: Guangqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chi
Title: Transfer or Surrender Rural Homestead Land? An Investigation of farmers’ Preferences in China
Abstract: 
 With rapid industrialization and urbanization in China, a large rural population has migrated to cities and left their rural homestead land (RHL) idled. Land use policy on RHL utilization is crucial to the efficient use of land resources. However, due to farmers’ limited knowledge of regulations and lack of participation in rural land governance, their preference is sometimes overlooked in the policy-making process. The purpose of this paper is to examine farmers’ preferences for the two primary RHL utilization programs, i.e., transfer and surrender. We conducted a farmer household survey of 405 households in rural areas in Changchun at Jilin Province, China in 2018 and estimated farmers’ willingness to participate in the mechanisms using a bivariate ordered probit model. Various options under the two mechanisms are also investigated. We find a positive correlation between rural households’ willingness to participate in these two mechanisms. This is the first comprehensive study taking into consideration the correlation and tradeoff in farmers’ choice between the two mechanisms. The results shed light on the heterogeneity of households’ needs and interests in RHL utilization, an important component to be considered in rural development policy-making decisions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 61-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2266966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2266966
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# input file: MCES_A_2266547_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Ni Lar
Author-X-Name-First: Ni
Author-X-Name-Last: Lar
Author-Name: Hiroyuki Taguchi
Author-X-Name-First: Hiroyuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Taguchi
Title: Premature Deindustrialization or Reindustrialization in China’s Latecomer Provinces
Abstract: 
 This study investigates whether latecomer provinces in China have experienced premature deindustrialization or reindustrialization by examining the positions of the provincial industry-income nexus using the latecomer index. The latecomer index facilitates the identification of the downward (premature deindustrialization) and upward (reindustrialization) positions of the nexus for latecomer provinces. The empirical analysis reveals that, for the nationwide level, the premature deindustrialization effect remains during the total sample period of 1992–2020 reflecting the initial regime prioritizing eastern coastal industrialization, whereas the pace of the premature deindustrialization is slowed down in the periods of 2002–2020 and 2009–2020 due to a series of industrial policies under the subsequent regime. At the regional level, the reindustrialization impact dominates the premature deindustrialization effect in the eastern and central regions, whereas this effect dominates the reindustrialization impact in the western region. The study identifies the existence of reindustrialization in China in the regional analysis, whereas extant literature on reindustrialization focuses only on European cases.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 47-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2266547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2266547
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# input file: MCES_A_2266097_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Qiang Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Qiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Ying Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Ying
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Yayou Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Yayou
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Aoxue Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Aoxue
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Chunling Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Chunling
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: How Does International Education Exchange Affect China’s Exports? Evidence 54 Countries along the “Belt and Road” in 2007–2018
Abstract: 
 International educational exchanges have brought favorable conditions for bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Taking 54 countries along the “Belt and Road” as a sample, the article links the “Belt and Road” education exchange with China’s export and analyzes the internal logic mechanism of education exchange affecting China’s export. The study found that studying in China and opening Confucius Institutes significantly promoted China’s export to countries along the line. Among them, Confucius Institutes promote China’s export less than overseas education, and the trade creation effect of overseas education in China is significantly different in different types, regions, and economic development levels. Further research shows that education exchanges can promote China’s export by promoting human capital accumulation in trade partners and establishing internationally friendly relations. Because of this, the international community should actively carry out educational exchanges, enrich exchange forms, improve the level and quality of educational exchanges, and provide international talent support for trade cooperation while promoting the construction of friendly economic and trade relations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 33-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2266097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2266097
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# input file: MCES_A_2227030_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Gene H. Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Gene H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Ye Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Ye
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Kathryn J. Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Title: Effective VAT Rates, Tax Efficiency and Burden: Are Some Industries over-Taxed in China?
Abstract: 
 Estimating effective VAT rates (EVATR) of industries to assess their tax burden and efficiency has drawn much interest in policy research; but the challenge is the lack of industrial Output VAT data. We develop a novel method to recover all VAT statistics at the industry level and endogenously solve EVATR from publicly available data by utilizing input-output relationship in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) structure. We apply the method to China’s data, estimate EVATR, and analyze implied tax efficiency and the tax burden of individual industries. Our study identifies true reasons for “VAT over-taxation” in some Chinese industries: China’s multiple-tier VAT rate system with unrefunded Input VAT and the accounting inconsistency between taxation and national accounts.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2227030
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2227030
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# input file: MCES_A_2266967_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Yanyan Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Yanyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Shunfeng Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shunfeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Jun Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Jun
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Title: Do Backbone High-Speed Rails Widen the North-South Gap in China?
Abstract: 
 The economic disparity between southern and northern China has widened in the past decade. This article explores the roles of the north-south stretched backbone high-speed rails (HSRs) in the widened north-south economic gap in China. By constructing panel data of 283 cities between 2005 and 2016 and estimating the difference in GDP and per-capita GDP of northern and southern cities before and after the first north-south stretched HSR, we show that the north-south economic gap widened by about 8% as the opening of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR, the first north-south stretched HSR. Further channel analysis reveals that the north-south gaps in population, fixed asset investment, public expenditure, and the relative size of secondary industry to tertiary industry also widened. These results suggest that fast transportation improvement caused by long-distance backbone HSRs can contribute to accelerating the large-scale regional disparity.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 83-101
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2266967
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2266967
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# input file: MCES_A_2281211_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Fuqi Cui
Author-X-Name-First: Fuqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Cui
Author-Name: Xiang Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Xiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Author-Name: Zhan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: The Crowding-Out Effect of ESG Practices on Social Welfare: Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the crowding-out effect of firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities, arguing that ESG rating convergence among firms makes investors hesitant, driving down economic and social welfare growth. This is yet another adverse consequence of overcompetition in ESG practices in addition to greenwashing. We first build a model to show that, although ESG incentive policies can improve social welfare in the short run, they may reverse long-term social welfare growth, resulting in an ESG-paradox situation. Empirically, we use various proxies of provincial social welfare and the distribution of ESG score changes for China’s A-share companies and detect a significantly reduced impact on the social welfare growth of a Chinese province by either a lower standard deviation or skewness of annual ESG score growth calculated for all firms registered within that province. Overall, our findings reveal the complexity of formulating ESG incentive policies and suggest that firms should strike a strategic balance between their business operations and social responsibility when determining their optimal ESG input level.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 102-122
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2281211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2281211
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# input file: MCES_A_2295638_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Huseyin Karamelikli
Author-X-Name-First: Huseyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Karamelikli
Author-Name: Serdar Ongan
Author-X-Name-First: Serdar
Author-X-Name-Last: Ongan
Author-Name: Ismet Gocer
Author-X-Name-First: Ismet
Author-X-Name-Last: Gocer
Author-Name: Mine Aysen Doyran
Author-X-Name-First: Mine Aysen
Author-X-Name-Last: Doyran
Title: Production-Driven and Non-Production-Driven Bilateral Trade Balance: Assessing Trade Deficits between the United States and China and the COVID-19 Epidemic
Abstract: 
 This study aims to look deeper into the long-standing phenomenon of the United States’ large trade deficits with China by examining both countries’ bilateral trading structures (character). In this investigation, we, for the first time, redefine the traditional bilateral trade balance (BTB) ratio based on economic impact content as production-driven BTB (Xpd) and non-production-driven BTB (Xnpd). This is done because, while the former undergoes an economic activity within the United States, the latter doesn’t. The traditional ratio, i.e. total export/total import, doesn’t technically allow such an investigation. Hence, the proposed methodology of this study, using these two new forms of BTBs, may provide new perspectives to this phenomenon for U.S. policymakers. The main empirical finding may make it imperative to analyze the US BTB with China using the methodology proposed because the independent variables of the study’s models have different effects on Xpd  and Xnpd. For example, while real depreciation in the USD improves Xnpd for 13 industries, the same change in the USD improves Xpd  for only seven. Additionally, this methodology allows U.S. policymakers to compare/review the US BTB based on economic impact contents through Xpd  and Xnpd separately. Last, it can be interpreted that the United States benefits from decreasing trade-policy uncertainty in the United States.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 147-165
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2295638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2295638
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# input file: MCES_A_2287300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Jinying Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Jinying
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Guanghao Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Guanghao
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Lim Thye Goh
Author-X-Name-First: Lim Thye
Author-X-Name-Last: Goh
Author-Name: Miaomiao Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Miaomiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Title: How Financial Development Mitigates Carbon Intensity: Insight from China’s 30 Provinces
Abstract: 
 Given the importance of financial development in promoting socioeconomic green transition, this study used a balanced panel data set spanning China’s 30 provinces from 1995 to 2018 to investigate how financial development has reduced carbon emission intensity from linear and nonlinear perspectives. First, the quantile regression results indicated that financial development (FD) significantly eradicated carbon emission intensity (CEI) across all quantiles with minor fluctuations in an influential degree. Second, FD significantly reduced CEI in nearby and local areas after implementing spatial econometric models. Third, using a spatial mediating effect model, FD's promoting effects on technological innovation and industrial structure advancement were two channels to help reduce CEI. Third, using a spatial mediating effect model, FD's promoting effects on technological innovation and industrial structure advancement were two channels to help reduce CEI. Finally, the nonlinear relationship between FD and the CEI was identified at the national level using a panel threshold model with spatial elements to recognize the mediating effects of technological innovation and industrial structure advancement. These findings emphasized the importance of continuing to refine and develop the financial mechanism and financial market, encouraging firm R&D investment, and vigorously upgrading and optimizing the industrial structure to reduce China’s carbon emissions reduction intensity.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 123-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2023.2287300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2023.2287300
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# input file: MCES_A_2319408_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: An MMT Informed Fiscal Reform for China
Abstract: 
 Employing the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), this paper examines the current Chinese fiscal system and highlights its three characteristics. First, fiscal revenues are centralized at the central government while expenditures are decentralized at the local governments; second, fiscal spending focuses on public investment but is insufficient in providing social safety net and public services; and third, indirect tax accounts for a great majority of tax revenues, leading to limited progressivity of the tax system. These limitations have constrained the effectiveness of China’s fiscal policies and generated many perverse impacts. With the understanding that the central government has the monetary sovereignty and does not face financing constrained and that taxes are not to raise revenues for fiscal spending but to serve other purposes, the paper calls for fiscal reforms that realign fiscal resources and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments, increase fiscal spending on social security and public services, as well as broaden personal income tax to improve the distributive effect of taxation.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 207-224
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2319408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2319408
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# input file: MCES_A_2319409_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Haider A. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Haider A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Title: China’s Augmented National Innovation System (ANIS) and the Development of the Semiconductors Industry
Abstract: 
 I demonstrate that China is building an Augmented National innovation system or ANIS, with semiconductor industry and AI at the core. There are two dimensions along which China’s NIS has been augmented. One is to move toward a more egalitarian innovation system in accordance with the goal of creating a harmonious, moderately prosperous economy and society. And the other is to include the AI and semiconductor base for high technology for the 4th Industrial Revolution. The Chinese ANIS has important regional and geoeconomic implications for the future.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 170-179
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2319409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2319409
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# input file: MCES_A_2319410_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Shujuan Li
Author-X-Name-First: Shujuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Min Xi
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Xi
Author-Name: Dongmei Li
Author-X-Name-First: Dongmei
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Research on the Impact of Sci-Tech Finance on Industrial TFP
Abstract: 
 The improvement of industrial Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is the basis for the high-quality development of China’s economy. Sci-tech finance affects industrial TFP through screening and allocation mechanism, governance mechanism, and integration mechanism. Based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2016, this paper constructs a comprehensive index of regional Sci-tech finance and explores the impact of Sci-tech finance on industrial TFP from two perspectives: differences in financial development levels and transmission paths. The results show that Sci-tech finance has a significant role in promoting the industrial TFP, but this promotion needs to meet certain financial development conditions. In high-level financial development areas, the promotion effect is significant. It is not linear. The effect is a threshold effect with the diminishing marginal efficiency. Sci-tech finance mainly promotes industrial TFP through boosting the industry’s scientific and technological innovation capacity. Policies and channels of Sci-tech finance to support science and technology innovation are put forward.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 180-192
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2319410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2319410
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# input file: MCES_A_2319411_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Yan Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Title: Introduction to the Special Issue on Technological Development and Policy Making in China
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 167-169
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2319411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2319411
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# input file: MCES_A_2319412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Sara Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Zhihao Fan
Author-X-Name-First: Zhihao
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan
Title: Predicting Chinese Banking Policy incidence using a VAR model
Abstract: 
 In this exploratory research, we examine the effect of economic and noneconomic indicators on the creation of Chinese Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission policies using a VAR model. We find that CBIRC policies are predicted by State Council construction policies and policies set by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. This indicates that the CBIRC is inward-looking, observing what other regulators are doing rather than responding to changes in the real and financial economy. This may be a product of market distortions due to China’s unique blend of state-oriented and market-based institutions.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 193-206
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2319412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2319412
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# input file: MCES_A_2350128_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: K. C. Fung
Author-X-Name-First: K. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Yue Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Yue
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Le Xia
Author-X-Name-First: Le
Author-X-Name-Last: Xia
Title: Digital Trans-Pacific Silk Road and Phases of China-Latin American Connectivity: From Silver to AI
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we aim to document and analyze the long arc of connectivity between China and Latin America. First, using analytical international trade and economic tools, we provide a new economic perspective of the First Globalization–-the Ming and early Qing China’s economic and business links with Latin America and Europe. Second, due to U.S. government trade policies toward China in the 1990s, the Second China’s Globalization was ushered in with its entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO). During this second phase, China exchanged manufactured goods with minerals and resources from Latin America. Finally, the tough technology and trade stance by the Trump and Biden Administrations prompted China to intensify the third phase of China interaction with Latin America. For the 2020s and beyond, one important pillar of the Third China-Latin America-Europe Globalization is heightened efforts for China to increase its digital-AI, telecommunication and platform business presence and access into the Latin American markets. To enrich our analysis, we will provide Chinese-style digital-AI business and economic models to help illustrate our discussions. Throughout our paper, we want to point out that government policies were instrumental in bringing forth these Three Globalizations that involve China-Latin America-Europe.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 340-358
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350128
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350128
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# input file: MCES_A_2350124_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Linda Yueh
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Yueh
Title: China’s Strategic Lending Policy: Implications for Latin America
Abstract: 
 China is quickly becoming the largest official lender in the world. For Latin America, China is overtaking multilateral lenders such as the World Bank as the biggest holder of debt in the region. When this is added to the trade relationship with Latin America that has grown rapidly in the twenty first century, initially driven by China’s demand for commodities, the linkage between the two now goes even deeper. It further means that a potential stop to Chinese funding due to a domestic financial crisis would have an even more widespread impact on Latin America. This paper analyses China’s overseas lending strategy and how it has deepened the relationship with Latin America. It then turns to the potential of a Chinese financial crisis and the significant implications for the Latin American region. The article concludes with policy recommendations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 276-288
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350124
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350124
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# input file: MCES_A_2350125_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Nathalie Aminian
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Aminian
Author-Name: Cuauhtémoc Calderon Villarreal
Author-X-Name-First: Cuauhtémoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Calderon Villarreal
Title: China-Mexico Economic Relationship in the Context of China’s Penetration in Latin America
Abstract: 
 China’s relationship with Latin America countries experienced a process of significant expansion over the past two decades. Even though Latin America was not considered as part of the BRI when it was first established, China designed its economic strategy toward the region by emphasizing investment, financial and industrial capacity cooperation, besides trade. Afterwards, China invited Latin American countries to participate in the BRI at the China–Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Ministerial Forum in Santiago in January 2018. Twenty-one Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have signed up to the BRI. However, there are few LAC countries that have not done so, among them the region’s largest economies such as Brazil, Mexico and Colombia, although Brazil is with full AIIB membership. This paper focuses on the specific economic relations between China and Mexico, as far as Mexico is the less involved LA country into the BRI, and Mexico’s position toward China is more aligned with that of its North American partners than to the Latin American countries. This article analyzes the specific situation of Mexico, characterized by its deep integration and dependency on the US market and examines the current economic relations of China and Mexico, considering the impact of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement on the bilateral economic relations. The structure of bilateral trade between Mexico and China is also examined, using the Grubel-Lloyd Index (GLI).
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 289-304
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350125
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350125
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# input file: MCES_A_2350126_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Seungho Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Seungho
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Chong-Sup Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Chong-Sup
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The Impact of China on the Trade-Promoting Effects of PTAs: The Case of Korea and Japan’s PTAs with Latin American Countries
Abstract: 
 The pursuit of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) by numerous countries, aimed at promoting trade among member nations, is widely acknowledged. Nonetheless, policymakers often voice concerns regarding the potentially short-lived nature of PTAs’ trade-promoting effects. In light of this concern, we present empirical evidence that substantiates the transient nature of the trade-enhancing impacts associated with PTAs. We identify the expanding economic influence of China in the global trade sphere as a primary driver for this trend. These findings are reinforced by a compelling illustration within the context of the PTAs involving Korea and Japan with Latin American countries. Our case study suggests that the attenuation of the export-promoting effects of Korea and Japan’s PTAs with their Latin American counterparts can be attributed to the penetration of Chinese goods, the sustained reduction of Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs, and the proliferation of comprehensive PTAs within regional contexts.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 305-317
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350126
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350126
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# input file: MCES_A_2350123_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Mitsuyo Ando
Author-X-Name-First: Mitsuyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ando
Author-Name: Fukunari Kimura
Author-X-Name-First: Fukunari
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimura
Author-Name: Kenta Yamanouchi
Author-X-Name-First: Kenta
Author-X-Name-Last: Yamanouchi
Title: Factory Asia Meets Factory North America: How Far Does Latin America Get Involved in Machinery Production Networks?
Abstract: 
 International production networks in machinery industry have formed three large clusters, each of which is in East Asia, North America, and Europe. This paper investigates the recent evolvement of the connection between Factory Asia and Factory North America with highlighting the role of Latin American countries as a mediator. For this purpose, we utilized trade matrices and gravity equations to measure each country’s level of commitment to each bilateral machinery trade after controlling the size of the economies, distance, and others. Our major findings are threefold: first, Mexico is the only Latin American country that plays a connecting role between two Factories. Second, in 2010–2019, the linkage of exports to Mexico from not only China but also other East Asian countries is strengthened particularly in machinery parts and components. Third, export linkage of China with Mexico is further intensified in 2019–2021 particularly in machinery parts and components due to the US-China confrontation, the USMCA, and other factors.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 246-275
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350123
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350123
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# input file: MCES_A_2350122_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Kailan Tian
Author-X-Name-First: Kailan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tian
Author-Name: Xikang Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Xikang
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: How Important are Sino-Latin American Trade for Economic Growth? A Trade in Value-Added Perspective
Abstract: 
 Sino-Latin American trade have increased substantially for decades. However, the increasing trade imbalances between China and several Latin American countries have yielded growing trade frictions. In this paper, we re-calculate the bilateral trade balance using the value-added content in trade and measure the contribution of Sino-Latin American trade to economic growth. The results show that gross trade statistics seriously overestimate the real bilateral trade imbalance, and China’s trade surplus with Mexico decreased by over 50%. The composition of Sino-Latin American trade suggests that most Latin American economies are complementary with Chinese economy. The South-South trade has been increasingly important for both China’s and Latin America’s economic development. We foresee an optimistic future of relations and continuously increasing trade between China and Latin America. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to settle trade frictions and intensify Sino-Latin American relations.
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 233-245
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350122
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350122
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# input file: MCES_A_2350127_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Daniel Agramont Lechín
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Agramont Lechín
Title: China and the Andean Community: Opportunities and Risks out of the Decoupling Process
Abstract: 
 Even if China and the United States (US) are not heading toward a redux of classic military, Cold war logic, they are locked in an economic confrontation that has quickly turned into a dispute over prospective economic supremacy and heavily driven by technological advances. While the first area of intervention was international trade, progressively, the protectionist policies both nations began to implement were directed toward a broader plan to secure a leading edge in the future of technological development. Then, technological decoupling might be a more accurate term to describe the key courses of action to be followed in the forthcoming hegemonic struggle. In this setting, the question arises, what are the risks and opportunities for China in its relation with the Andean Community (CAN)? The departing argument is that the economic tensions between the world’s largest economies will cause growing competition. On the one hand, this will provide CAN an opportunity to improve their participation in the global economy, but on the other hand, risks for China for securing resources. The results show that Andean Community (CAN) trade relations with both the US and China follow a typical centre-periphery model. Still, it is noteworthy that China’s imports from CAN are almost entirely basic goods, while the US purchases significant amounts of goods that make part of the region’s productive diversification efforts since the 1990s. Regarding the opportunities for CAN, through a novel methodology, it was found that there are effectively some added-value manufactures that can substitute trade between China and the US. They represent a huge opportunity for the Andean nations to shift away from primary export dependency to manufactured goods. Regarding risks for China, on the one hand, the largest competition is expected in minerals such as molybdenum and tungsten; and agricultural products such as buckwheat and fish fats. On the other hand, the US has the lead in current LAC exports, given that it exceeds China’s current purchases
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 318-339
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350127
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# input file: MCES_A_2350121_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: K. C. Fung
Author-X-Name-First: K. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung
Author-Name: Nathalie Aminian
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Aminian
Author-Name: Fukunari Kimura
Author-X-Name-First: Fukunari
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimura
Author-Name: Daniel Agramont Lechin
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Agramont Lechin
Title: Introduction to Special Issue “the Chinese Economy’s Comparisons and Links with Latin America”
Journal: The Chinese Economy
Pages: 225-232
Issue: 4
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/10971475.2024.2350121
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10971475.2024.2350121
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Handle: RePEc:mes:chinec:v:57:y:2024:i:4:p:225-232