Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423731_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial board Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423732_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ian Law Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Law Title: Modernity, anti‐racism and ethnic managerialism Abstract: This article situates racism and anti‐racism within the tensions which are inherent in the complex of ideas defined as modernity. The ‘modernist’ approach to issues of racism and ethnicity, with all its pitfalls, is particularly evident in governance strategies in the 1990s with an emphasis on finding managerial solutions to complex political and social questions. The ambiguous and contested conceptualisations of ‘racial equality’ and the failure to adequately construct the idea of ‘difference’ within the idea of ‘equality’ characterise such strategies. The assessment of equality of treatment and outcome against the ‘white norm’ is a fundamental flaw. Allied to these issues are an unjustified faith in rational bureaucratic procedures which fail to take into account relative positions of power and powerlessness across ethnic groups and within public services. These issues are exemplified through analysis of the operation of ‘ethnic managerialism’ in two organisational contexts; the Benefits Agency and the NHS Ethnic Health Unit. Avoiding the issues of voice and empowerment is shown to be likely to increase the adverse effects of ‘ethnic managerialist’ approaches. In conclusion, the exemplified distance between policy and theorisation indicates the increasing importance of seeking improved ways of resolving and managing underlying tensions and rejection of the ‘tragic anti‐intellectualism’ (Gilroy, 1994) which can often characterise policy debates over issues of racism and ethnicity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 189-205 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:189-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423733_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Meg Huby Author-X-Name-First: Meg Author-X-Name-Last: Huby Author-Name: Karen Anthony Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Anthony Title: Regional inequalities in paying for water Abstract: This paper argues that the current debate surrounding new methods of charging for water from the year 2000 should incorporate issues of social equity and must consequently involve not just the water industry but also central government and the Department of Social Security in particular. The water industry in England and Wales is currently fragmented into almost 30 separate companies, each with its own costs and prices for water services. Average water bills for domestic customers vary with company area but this variation is not wholly matched by patterns in the extent of use of the DSS direct payment scheme. In some areas people dependent for their income on means‐tested social assistance benefits can face high water bills yet lack access to budgeting schemes to help with payment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 207-217 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:207-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423734_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jill Hills Author-X-Name-First: Jill Author-X-Name-Last: Hills Author-Name: Maria Michalis Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Michalis Title: Technological convergence: Regulatory competition. The British case of digital television Abstract: This article reviews British regulatory frameworks and market structure in the analogue television and telecommunications sectors, now converging in the technology of digital TV. In particular it points to the de facto monopoly of access to satellite analogue broadcasting by BSkyB and the impact that market structure has had on the negotiations for a new regulatory regime for digital television. It discusses the problems arising from the overlap of regulation as the technologies have converged and the approach of the British telecommunications regulator, Oftel, to the regulation of Conditional Access. It ends with the view that the case of digital TV may bring about an amalgamation in the separate regulatory institutions for the two sectors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 219-237 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:219-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423735_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Julia Evetts Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Evetts Author-Name: Anna Buchner‐Jeziorska Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Buchner‐Jeziorska Title: Professionalisation in European markets: The international order of engineering in the UK and Poland Abstract: The paper considers the addition of a new ‘order’, the European professional federations, to be included alongside the national controlling institutions of slates, professional associations and universities, in the analysis of professional processes. Beginning with a general statement about the theoretical background, data sources and internationalisation processes, the paper considers engineering as a case study and the development of European professional engineering federations as a new order of influence on the professional regulation of engineering. Interest, influence and participation in this new international order are compared in two contrasting European nation‐state contexts: UK and Poland. The paper concludes with a discussion about the different impact of European professional federations as a new order in processes of professionalisation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 239-249 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423735 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423735 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:239-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423736_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alan Earl‐Slater Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Earl‐Slater Title: A study of phamaceutical policies in the EU Abstract: This paper identifies and explores some of the major current policy developments in the EU pharmaceutical environment. The policies considered are: the new pan‐EU drug licensing system; changes to the rules of the system over time; the BSE crisis as it affects Pharmaceuticals; member states' pricing and reimbursement policies and the EU Directive; companies calling government policy into account; governments calling companies policies into account; and the new working parties addressing issues on a single EU pharmaceutical market. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 251-267 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:251-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423737_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Freund Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Author-Name: George Martin Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: The automobile and transport policy Abstract: Auto‐centered transport systems are analyzed and related to contemporary transport policy. Auto‐centered transport features a high level of dependence on the auto for daily mobility, and a social space and built environment dominated by the material infrastructures of automobility. In recent decades, there has been an accumulating empirical record of the societal problems and costs generated by auto‐centered transport, including intensive resource consumption, traffic congestion, human fatalities and injuries, and environmental degradation. Despite these problems, however, automobility continues to grow faster than populations. Here, the focus is on two problems related to auto‐centered transport that are mediated through social relations: The creation of mobility‐disadvantaged and health‐disadvantaged groups. A central reason why the needed diversification of auto‐centered transport is proving to be a difficult task is the existence of materially and socially embedded auto‐centered transport systems. Additionally, some responsibility lies with policy analysts and policy makers. Through the example of roadway safety, it is demonstrated how policy discourse is framed by, and helps to sustain, an auto‐centered transport system. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 269-283 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:269-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_8423738_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Felicity Armstrong Author-X-Name-First: Felicity Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong Author-Name: Mary Ann Elston Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Ann Elston Title: Book reviews Abstract: Social Devaluation and Special Education: The Right to Full Mainstream Inclusion and an Honest Statement. John T Hall, 1997, London and New Brunswick: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, ISBN 1–85302–354, £16.95 pb, 192pp Gender, Careers and Organisations: Current Developments in Banking, Nursing and Local Government. S. Halford, M. Savage and A. Witz, 1997, Basingstoke: Macmillan, ISBN 0–333–60977–8, £40.00 hb, ISBN 0–333–60978–6, £12.99 pb Journal: Pages: 285-289 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 18 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442879708423738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442879708423738 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:18:y:1997:i:3-4:p:285-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032015_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tom Schuller Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Schuller Title: Social and Human Capital: The Search for Appropriate Technomethodology Abstract: This paper acknowledges the power of human capital as a concept but points to a number of question marks against it, notably in the appropriateness of the approaches to measuring it, and the scope of learning which it covers. These same queries are applied to the emerging notion of social capital and the different ways in which it has been interpreted. Given the diversity of interpretations which this reveals, I ask whether the concept of social capital has sufficient coherence to contribute to analytical and policy thinking, as human capital has. I conclude that although its robustness as a conventional tool of analysis may be in question, its utility as a heuristic device is potentially great, but also that we need to match measurement approaches carefully to its potential. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 25-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/014428700113991 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014428700113991 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:1:p:25-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032016_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: David Dery Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Dery Title: Agenda Setting and Problem Definition Abstract: What happens after public issues attain agenda status? Exploring this question in the context of one instance of social protest in Israel, the 1990 ‘tents movement’, this paper focuses on government reaction and the way it successfully disintegrated the movement. A movement that proved strong enough to put the housing problem on the national agenda, and to keep it there for a few months, has had no influence on the subsequent treatment of this issue. Apparently, to legitimize an issue is not the same as to legitimize demands. This hypothesis is examined in a broader conceptual context, distinguishing between agenda setting and problem definition. This distinction, in turn, calls into attention the power of initial definitions of problems, and the mechanisms employed by guardians of the status quo. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 37-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/014428700114008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014428700114008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:1:p:37-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032017_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Kleinman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Kleinman Title: Include Me Out? The New Politics of Place and Poverty Abstract: The regeneration of London raises key questions about the goals of urban policy and about both the definition of, and the solutions to, social exclusion. The concepts of an ‘urban underclass’ as an analytic tool for understanding poverty and unemployment, and of ‘social cohesion’ as a solution to it, are shown to be inaccurate and unhelpful. Successful policy will need to attack continuing poverty and inequality, strengthen employability and the transition to work, and prioritize families and children. Politicians should eschew the search for a ‘big idea’ in favour of piecemeal, incremental reform. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 49-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/014428700114017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014428700114017 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:1:p:49-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032018_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 63-67 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/014428700114026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014428700114026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:1:p:63-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032014_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Bryn Jones Author-X-Name-First: Bryn Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Peter Scott Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Author-Name: Brian Bolton Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Bolton Author-Name: Alan Bramley Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Bramley Author-Name: Fred Manske Author-X-Name-First: Fred Author-X-Name-Last: Manske Title: The British Engineer Problem: A Comparison of Careers, Employment and Skills Abstract: For decades British engineers have been seen as playing an inadequate role in industry. Their restricted roles have been ascribed to diverse causes and conditions: as ‘under-educated’ for the grounding to lead companies to ‘world class’ status; as ‘under-utilized’ by employment in technical support roles; and as ‘under-professionalized’ in a supposed generally anti-engineering national culture. This study of young graduate engineers seeks to disentangle these blanket characterizations by differentiating between the sectoral and cross-national motive forces in an allegedly ubiquitous ‘British engineer problem’. Our evidence suggests that restricted jobs and careers are sectoral, as opposed to general, phenomena. In some sectors, a ‘crowding’ of engineers and under-recruitment of technician grades results from overreliance on a labour supply of standard, degree-level, qualification sources. Other important influences on work roles and careers are graduate engineers’ orientations to work, and engineers’ own microcorporate culture. Many British graduate engineers feel over-qualified for tasks, but German engineers are divided into the graduates of more theoretical university degrees and the graduates of more practically-focused vocational college degrees (Fachhochschule) responsible for more applied tasks. Within the British complex of occupational crowding and distance between technicians’ and engineers’ tasks, most engineers prefer not ‘high-flying’, managerial careers but work involving engineering know-how. A defensive and subordinate-occupational culture in engineering departments, rather than an independent professional or enterprise one, results from these factors. The analysis concludes with an assessment of its implications for recent reforms to the qualifying procedures for engineering graduates. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/014428700113982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014428700113982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:1:p:5-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_748563_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eugene McCann Author-X-Name-First: Eugene Author-X-Name-Last: McCann Author-Name: Kevin Ward Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Ward Title: A multi-disciplinary approach to policy transfer research: geographies, assemblages, mobilities and mutations Abstract: This paper outlines an approach to the global circulation of policies/models. This ‘policy assemblage, mobilities and mutations’ approach has emerged in recent years, primarily through the work of geographers. It is both inspired by, and somewhat critical of, the policy transfer approach associated with work in political science. Our argument is that the focus of geographers on place, space and scale, coupled with an anthropological/sociological attention to ‘small p’ politics both within and beyond institutions of governance, offers a great deal to the analysis of how policy-making operates, how policies, policy models and policy knowledge/expertise circulate and how these mobilities shape places. In making this argument, we first briefly review the literatures in human geography and urban studies that lie behind the current interest in the mobilisation of policies. We then outline the key elements of the policy transfer approach that these geographers have drawn upon and critiqued. In the third and fourth sections we compare and contrast these elements with those of the burgeoning policy mobilities approach. We then turn to the example of the Business Improvement District policy, which has been moved from one country to another, one city to another, in the process becoming constructed as a ‘model’ of/for economic development. We conclude the paper by arguing for an on-going multi-disciplinary conversation about the global circulation of policies, one in which geographers are involved alongside those from other disciplines, such as anthropology, history, planning and sociology, as well as political science. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 2-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.748563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.748563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:2-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_740240_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Phil James Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Steve Tombs Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Tombs Author-Name: David Whyte Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Whyte Title: An independent review of British health and safety regulation? From common sense to non-sense Abstract: The view that regulatory provisions protecting the employment conditions of workers need to be minimised in order to protect the business needs of employers has been an ongoing theme in British governmental policy discourse over the past three decades. For the present Coalition government, the assumption that current levels of regulation are unduly burdensome on employers and hence harmful to the economy has continued to be enthusiastically voiced, most notably in respect of the regulation of workplace health and safety. Against this backcloth, this paper develops a critical examination of the conclusions of an ‘independent’ review of health and safety regulations commissioned by the present UK Government to shed light on the way in which a deregulatory policy agenda is being furthered. The paper commences by locating the recent review of health and safety regulations, the ‘Löfstedt review’, in the context of other recent government initiatives aimed at alleviating the burden of health and safety regulation from the shoulders of employers. It then moves on to outline the nature of this review and its main conclusions and recommendations, before considering in turn its use of evidence, deployment of the notion of ‘low risk’ and lack of attention to the issue of enforcement. Finally, a concluding section draws together the key points to emerge from the preceding analysis and highlights how the Löfstedt review can be seen to form an integral part of a misleading deregulatory discourse that threatens to engender the wholesale undermining of workplace health and safety protections. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 36-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.740240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.740240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:36-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_766517_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Apology from the Editor Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-1 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.766517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.766517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:1-1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_766543_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Samuel Antero Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Antero Title: Understanding the eradication of slave labour in contemporary Brazil – an implementation perspective Abstract: The implementation of public policy is a complex process that can only be fully understood when conceived as the study of a process of change. This article utilises implementation theory beyond simple theoretical abstraction, applying Mazmanian and Sabatier's synthetic framework, to appraise the implementation of the Brazilian programme for the Eradication of Slave Labour. It will demonstrate that despite being lauded as a flagship programme of global significance, it is characterised by important implementation gaps, mostly in relation to the programme's design, its lack of a monitoring and evaluation system and insufficient network coordination. Furthermore, the unequal distribution of wealth in Brazil means that slave labour will continue to be endemic, until this economic disparity is confronted. It will also be argued that Mazmanian and Sabatier's implementation model does not deal adequately with the issue of ongoing learning. In consequence, it does not possess all the methodological tools necessary for studying implementation as a process of evolution. Finally, drawing on the existing literature and the key findings of the research, an adaptation of the Mazmanian and Sabatier's model which encompasses policy learning is presented. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 89-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.766543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.766543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:89-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_766542_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Hongxia Chai Author-X-Name-First: Hongxia Author-X-Name-Last: Chai Author-Name: Xiongwei Song Author-X-Name-First: Xiongwei Author-X-Name-Last: Song Title: The adaptive state – understanding political reform in China Abstract: At the Conference of the National People's Party (NPP) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in 2012, Premier Wen Jiabao re-emphasised the urgency of political reform to ensure the legitimacy of the party and to provide a strong institutional underpinning to the construction of a harmonious society based on balanced social and economic development. However, no consensus has emerged either in Sino studies or in political journalism as to the trajectory of these reforms. Nor do senior civil servants have a clear understanding of the logic behind China's new wave of political reforms. Most Sino scholars have focused on the question of whether these reforms represent a move towards democratisation or are just another incremental step in the transition process. This investigation mirrors the core differentiation between China's Constitution and Party (CCP) ideology and Western's democratic values. This article provides an understanding or ‘Road Map’ of China's political reforms. It argues that the latest wave of reforms has an adaptive quality which will not threaten the CCP's dominant position rather they will strengthen the state's capacity to govern through the selective devolution of power both to civil society and local representative institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 73-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.766542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.766542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:73-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_731842_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tomi Kallio Author-X-Name-First: Tomi Author-X-Name-Last: Kallio Author-Name: Päivikki Kuoppakangas Author-X-Name-First: Päivikki Author-X-Name-Last: Kuoppakangas Title: Bandwagoning municipal enterprises: institutional isomorphism and the search for the Third Way Abstract: During the last decade, the number of municipal enterprises in Finland has almost tripled. This paper attempts to understand the phenomenon related to the recent mushrooming of municipal enterprises. This is done by three empirical case analyses of university hospital laboratories. In two of the three case organisations, there is very little indication that any strategy or other rational reasoning would explain the adoption of municipal enterprise form, and the analysis suggests that institutional isomorphism plays an essential role in the adoption of the municipal enterprise form. Moreover, there are signs that the search for the ‘Third Way’ of some local politicians, especially in the case of some early mover organisations, like the third case organisation of this study, might have triggered the development which has led to the bandwagon effect. The popularity of New Public Management (NPM) and the promises of the NPM mantra, suggesting, e.g. efficiency, cost-effectiveness and more flexible management, might lead the public administration decision-makers to believe in the superiority of certain business-like organisational forms. However, the decision-makers themselves might be surprised to learn how thin the evidence to back up the expectations concerning NPM reforms might be. The organisational transformation, such as the adoption of the municipal enterprise form, might lead to an outcome where public organisations become increasingly similar without necessarily becoming more efficient. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 19-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.731842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.731842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:19-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_740241_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Daniel Horsfall Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Horsfall Title: There and back again: convergence towards the competition state plan Abstract: The competition state thesis was first penned nearly 20 years ago against a backdrop of Thatcherism transitioning to Blairism. It describes a scenario in which advanced welfare states, stripped of resources and legitimacy, are disempowered to such an extent that they are replaced by the competition state. It is posited that no longer is the state primarily concerned with decommodifying citizens. Marked by lower social spending, lower tax, a reliance on active labour market programmes and governance through flexible networks consisting of state and non-state actors, institutions and organisations, the competition state is fundamentally geared towards ensuring the conditions for a successful global market economy. Previous work argued that empirical analysis of the competition state suggested that the competition state took more than one form but that it was a very real phenomenon. This paper seeks to query whether such conclusions can be maintained when a longitudinal approach is taken. Evidence would suggest yet again that there is no single approach to social policy; however, it would appear that, for all the diversity that exists within the political economy of welfare states, the impact of the competition state is always present. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 53-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.740241 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.740241 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:53-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767585_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Linda Berg Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Berg Author-Name: Andrea Spehar Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Spehar Title: Swimming against the tide: why Sweden supports increased labour mobility within and from outside the EU Abstract: While the free movement of labour in the EU is generally depicted as a positive feature of the single market, it was also controversial in the debate on EU enlargement. Actors opposing enlargement argued that large waves of migrants from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) would ‘swamp’ Western labour markets, leading to so-called social tourism and increasing xenophobia. Contrary to the developments in other countries, Sweden was one of the only three Member States to immediately open its doors to citizens from the EU accession countries of 2004 and 2007. Sweden has also been one of the few EU countries to actively promote greater liberalisation of labour migration policy for third-country nationals (TCNs) within the EU, and the new Swedish Immigration Law of 2008 dramatically liberalised the TCN labour migration policy and made it more employer-driven. We argue that in order to understand why Sweden has supported increased labour mobility within and from outside of the EU, we need to complement existing explanations by analysing the preferences of the political parties. A two-dimensional analysis focusing on economy and culture provides an understanding of why so-called unholy coalitions of parties in support of liberal labour policies have emerged in Sweden during the 2000s. The article ends with a discussion of lessons learned from the Swedish case and wider implications for rights-based mobility in the EU. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 142-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:142-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767586_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Francesca Campomori Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Campomori Author-Name: Tiziana Caponio Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana Author-X-Name-Last: Caponio Title: Competing frames of immigrant integration in the EU: geographies of social inclusion in Italian regions Abstract: After the federal reform of 2001, Italian regions have gained greater autonomy in matters of social policy, including immigrant integration. In this paper, we assess frames of immigrant integration in eight Italian regions, i.e. Piedmont, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna in the North, Umbria, Marche and Abruzzi in the Centre, Basilicata and Calabria in the South, against the EU equal treatment and mobility rights-based regime. Through a diachronic analysis of the regions' official documents on immigrants' integration approved in the period 2000–2010, we shall consider: (1) the policy priorities identified and the measures funded and (2) the implementation structures. The analysis points out how the frames of immigrant integration emerging at a regional level shape different geographies of social inclusion which are sometimes openly in contradiction with the EU discourse on equal treatment and mobility rights. Immigration is perceived more as an economic asset for local labour markets' unsatisfied demand for low-qualified, flexible, and often informal workers, rather than as a strategic resource for the realisation of a competitive and knowledge-based European economy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 162-179 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:162-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767583_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Emma Carmel Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Carmel Author-Name: Regine Paul Author-X-Name-First: Regine Author-X-Name-Last: Paul Title: Editorial Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 113-121 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:113-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_778028_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Emma Carmel Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Carmel Title: Mobility, migration and rights in the European Union: critical reflections on policy and practice Abstract: This article assesses developments in European Union (EU) migration policy and practice and their implications for rights regulation in the Union, as revealed in this special issue and the wider literature. It identifies how rights are constituted in the complex and multivalent policy-making field of the EU. The article views rights as constituted in the process of migration governance. This governance analysis puts centre stage an assessment of the links between policy, policy-making and policy's social and political ordering effects. The article argues that the significance of the Union needs to be analysed against different aspects of rights regulation. The article adopts an analytical framework which discriminates between the discursive framing of migrants' rights, the specification of such rights in Union and member state policy, and the shaping of rights by actors in context at the local level. The article concludes that, first, the Union has begun to play a significant role in regulating mobility rights across its territory in ways which can undermine the substantive or normative rights accessible to migrants in practice. Second, its policy and legal role are politically significant as it asserts the role of the EU as a source of regulatory authority over the distribution of rights for citizens and non-citizens within its territory. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 238-253 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.778028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.778028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:238-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767584_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Regine Paul Author-X-Name-First: Regine Author-X-Name-Last: Paul Title: Strategic contextualisation: free movement, labour migration policies and the governance of foreign workers in Europe Abstract: Heightened levels of internal labour mobility since the European Union (EU)'s Eastern enlargements in 2004 and 2007 have shifted the context for member state policies geared towards the admission of non-EU workers. This article contends that the strategic use of the internal mobility regime by member states, as a justification for selective recruitment of labour from outside the EU, deserves more analytical attention. This contribution examines how labour migration policies (LMP) in the United Kingdom, France and Germany make use of the EU free-movement framework in current legislation, and how associated policy rationales are justified. In an interpretive policy analysis of legislative documents and decision-makers' meaning-making, as related in semi-structured interviews, the article identifies the logics, tools and rationales which link LMP to EU free movement. These links are shown to be highly selective and they serve common as well as nationally distinct governance goals. Across all three cases LMPs ascribe various degrees of relevance to EU internal labour supply, depending on the different skill levels of migrants targeted in respective policies. This shared pattern of economic coordination of LMP by skill level – in which the EU common labour market plays the role of delimiting additional migration in the skilled and especially low-skilled segments – is conflated with national migration control agendas. Member states draw on EU free movement to justify migration restrictions targeted at specific sending countries. As a result, the governance of the foreign workforce produces skills- and origin-based privileges rather than granting rights to mobile migrant workers in Europe. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 122-141 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:122-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767589_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Thanos Maroukis Author-X-Name-First: Thanos Author-X-Name-Last: Maroukis Title: Economic crisis and migrants' employment: a view from Greece in comparative perspective Abstract: This paper explains and evaluates the effects of the developing crisis on the mobility of third-country nationals in Greece and other South European political economies. In doing so it explores the mobility of these migrants within the context of the informal economic activity in which many such migrants have been involved. The paper exposes the distance separating the law and the actual enforcement of fundamental employment- and mobility-related rights of irregular migrants in Greece and other southern European countries. It identifies the significance of the familistic welfare regime of the European South in framing migrants' characteristics and their consequent mobility in the region. The article argues that the familistic welfare regime of the host country is inextricably linked to migrants' employment trajectories and fundamentally affects the strategies that migrants have developed in order to protect themselves in lieu of effective rights regulation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 221-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:221-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767587_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lucie Cerna Author-X-Name-First: Lucie Author-X-Name-Last: Cerna Title: Understanding the diversity of EU migration policy in practice: the implementation of the Blue Card initiative Abstract: High-skilled immigration (HSI) policies, and their harmonisation across member states, have been an important part of the EU's Lisbon strategy focusing on the knowledge-based economy, and the subsequent ‘Europe 2020’ which emphasises economic recovery. Intra-EU mobility of high-skilled workers is quite low, and member states have targeted high-skilled third-country nationals (TCNs), both through national policies and the EU's recent Blue Card scheme. However, the Blue Card Directive (adopted in 2009, transposed by June 2011), despite its scope for Unionised regulation, allows member states to decide how many high-skilled TCNs they want to admit, if any. The article argues that tensions between openness and closure to migration exist at both member state and EU level. These tensions are resolved through considerable diversity in the conditions and rights accorded to Blue Card holders across member states. Drawing on new empirical data, the article analyses first results of the transposition of the Blue Card Directive. It examines how far, in what form, and with what implications, diversity continues regarding the principle of mobility for these migrants across member states. The pattern and nature of transposition are hence important in shaping an EU-regulated liberal market in labour recruitment, and the development, or otherwise, of rights-based mobility regulation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 180-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:180-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_767588_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jan Cremers Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Cremers Title: Free provision of services and cross-border labour recruitment Abstract: This article identifies how the use of the European Union (EU) mobility rules, as formulated by the EU's Posting Directive, has been linked to the temporary provision of services in practice. It demonstrates how this linkage, legitimised by European Court rulings, undermines the Directive's original intent to provide rights-based regulation of labour mobility in the Union. In the assessment of posting practices, striking findings of two studies co-conducted by the author in 2003 and 2010 are discussed. In the first section, the origins of the Directive are described, followed by sections that contextualise the posting rules in the framework of the fundamental economic freedoms of EU Treaties, and discuss the problems related to implementation and enforcement. Based on the Directive's definition of posting, three issues of governance and practice are raised: (a) regulation of the employment relationship, (b) application of labour conditions and (c) respect for collective agreements. A final section offers policy recommendations in order to deal with the ways in which posting governance and practices currently impede any vision of rights-based mobility in the EU. It is argued that current minimalist interpretation of the posting rules can neither guarantee equal treatment nor protect the rights of temporary migrant workers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 201-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.767588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.767588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:2:p:201-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804302_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: A. McBride Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: McBride Author-Name: S. Mustchin Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mustchin Title: Creating sustainable employment opportunities for the unemployed Abstract: This article addresses challenges associated with creating sustainable employment opportunities for the unemployed and encouraging employer engagement in skills development and utilisation more generally. Survey and case study analysis of an initiative introduced by New Labour in the National Health Service England (NHS) provides evidence of employer reluctance to engage with a policy which addresses social exclusion and unemployment. Reasons are presented for this policy to implementation gap. This behaviour, in a buoyant economy, underlines a broader concern that voluntarism will be insufficient in the current economic climate to encourage employers more generally to adopt longer-term workforce development strategies. This reluctance to engage is compared with those NHS employers who were motivated to develop intermediate labour markets for the unemployed with explicit links to their internal labour markets, thereby providing opportunities for work experience and job progression. Implications are drawn from these contrasting behaviours as to how the state can encourage more employers to adopt progressive practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 342-359 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:342-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_768389_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Martin Ferry Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Ferry Author-Name: John Bachtler Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Bachtler Title: Reassessing the concept of policy termination: the case of regional policy in England Abstract: The concept of policy termination is regaining currency as governments reassess policy commitments and budgets amidst the global financial and economic crisis. What factors affect the decision to terminate a specific policy? Are some policies more susceptible to termination than others? This article addresses these questions using a case study of regional policy in England where, following a change in UK government in 2010, the institutional and policy basis for regional economic policy has been overhauled. It assesses whether these changes amount to a case of policy termination and explores the factors that have influenced policy change. Based on one of the few non-US cases, it tests the validity of theoretical frameworks that have been employed for analysing, categorising and explaining policy termination and draws conclusions on the power of these frameworks to account sufficiently for the processes of policy change observed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 255-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.768389 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.768389 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:255-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804301_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Kpessa Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Kpessa Author-Name: Daniel Béland Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Béland Title: Mapping social policy development in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Over the years, a large body of literature about social policy development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has emerged. However, due to a concern for pressing humanitarian and development issues, most of the scholarship devoted to contemporary African social policy is not grounded in systematic theoretical models aimed at explaining policy differences between and within countries. Because a large body of literature has been published in recent decades to tackle this type of issue within the advanced industrial world, it is important to assess the relevance of existing theories of social policy development for policy analysis in SSA. This article makes a direct contribution to the comparative welfare literature because it draws attention to the limitations of existing theories for understanding social policy development in Africa, while highlighting their relevance for the analysis of the development and transformation of social programmes in the region's countries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 326-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:326-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804303_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Linda Bauld Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Bauld Author-Name: Lorna Templeton Author-X-Name-First: Lorna Author-X-Name-Last: Templeton Author-Name: Karin Silver Author-X-Name-First: Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Silver Author-Name: Jennifer McKell Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: McKell Author-Name: Claire Novak Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Novak Author-Name: Gordon Hay Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Hay Title: Pathways back to work for problem alcohol users Abstract: The relationship between alcohol misuse, employment and unemployment is complex. Alcohol misuse is correlated with a range of other problems, including, for example, drug misuse, mental health problems and social deprivation. Together these can be a barrier to accessing and sustaining employment. The aim of this study was to explore these issues with a sample of adults in the UK who were currently accessing treatment for an alcohol problem. The study involved a systematic literature review followed by qualitative research with 53 treatment service clients and 12 professionals across 5 research sites in England, Scotland and Wales. The findings focus on the main facilitators and barriers, both individual and organisational, for returning to work identified by interviewees. Some of the facilitators and barriers identified were similar to those described in the literature for other groups of unemployed adults. Others were more specific to alcohol misusers; for example, the stigma experienced by interviewees as a result of the views of others regarding substance misuse, the nature of recovery from addiction and the challenges posed by the prevalence of coexisting mental and physical health problems. Despite the problems faced by many of the study participants, however, the majority were eager to return to work, and this desire to gain employment is discussed in the context of ongoing welfare reform in the UK. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 360-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804303 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804303 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:360-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_803531_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Title: History and Australian indigenous child welfare policies Abstract: The term ‘apologist’ refers to writers defending Aboriginal child-removal policies. They argue that the policies were beneficial and intended to protect children, and that systematic mistreatment never occurred and parents supported the interventions. I locate the apologetic literature in larger accounts of child welfare. Their ethical framework is established and attention is given to question of ethical relativism with specific attention to Windschuttle. While querying the empirical value of apologist writing it is argued that they produce accounts of policy that are not morally defensible, evident in their framing of events, the omission of critical material and absence of significant scholarship. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 310-325 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.803531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.803531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:310-325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_810477_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Parkinson Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Parkinson Author-Name: Richard Meegan Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Meegan Title: Economic place making: policy messages for European cities Abstract: The global recession, Eurozone crisis and austerity programmes have had a huge impact upon the European economy and present even greater future threats. They have sharpened debates about policies for recovery and the role that different territories can play in this. In this context in particular they have encouraged a debate about the economic contribution of capital and non-capital cities and whether countries perform better if they concentrate their investment in their capitals or spread investment across a wider set of cities. Drawing on the findings of a recently completed study of European second-tier cities and a review of the academic and policy literature on local and regional economic development, the paper argues the case for a ‘place-based’ approach to support second-tier cities across Europe. The key policy messages of this approach for policy-makers at national and European levels are highlighted. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 377-400 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.810477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.810477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:377-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_798533_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Martin Powell Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Author-Name: Jo Duberley Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Duberley Author-Name: Mark Exworthy Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Exworthy Author-Name: Fraser Macfarlane Author-X-Name-First: Fraser Author-X-Name-Last: Macfarlane Author-Name: Phil Moss Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Moss Title: Has the British National Health Service (NHS) got talent? A process evaluation of the NHS talent management strategy? Abstract: In 2004, the British National Health Service (NHS), an organisation with one of the largest workforces in the world, adopted a new approach to identifying and developing managers, which was refreshed in 2009 with ‘guidance for NHS talent and leadership plans'. This paper explores the introduction of talent management (TM) in the British NHS, focusing on process evaluation. It discusses the introduction of TM in the NHS before examining the stated principles, objectives and measures of TM in the NHS. It draws on a mix of research methods, including a literature review, focus groups, qualitative interviews with policy-makers, qualitative interviews with managers, a questionnaire survey, and qualitative interviews in high performing organisations. It is found that there are a number of issues that may undermine the TM strategy, including unclear definitions, conflicting principles, problematic measures; exclusive focus, sustainability; and lack of necessary infrastructure, culture and data. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 291-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.798533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.798533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:291-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_771056_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leslie Budd Author-X-Name-First: Leslie Author-X-Name-Last: Budd Title: a strategy in search of a regional policy rationale? Abstract: This article critically examines the European Union's (EU) 10-year strategy Europe 2020; A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, in the context of the financial and fiscal crisis and the fifth Cohesion Report produced by the European Commission in 2010. It does so in order to develop the argument that without a regional policy rationale that rests on the application of industrial policy as a fulcrum for integrating the different components of the domain governance of Europe 2020, its objectives may not be realised. The article concludes with a speculation on how fuzzy set analysis could be used as an evaluation methodology in order to contribute to policy analysis of how these components may be better integrated in developing the EU's key strategy for the rest of the decade. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 274-290 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.771056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.771056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:3:p:274-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822699_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Gerry Stoker Author-X-Name-First: Gerry Author-X-Name-Last: Stoker Title: Understanding localism Abstract: These two special issues of Policy Studies investigate various aspects of localism and draw insights from a broad range of different academic disciplines; which illustrates how ubiquitous the issue has become, both in the academy and in political discourse, particularly in the UK and increasingly in Australia. In this introduction, we begin by outlining three different types of localism – managerial, representative and community – which have underpinned both debates in the area and policy developments, before outlining our definition of the term. Subsequently, we introduce the theoretical and empirical contributions that this issue makes to understanding localism in Westminster-style democracies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 401-407 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:401-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822700_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kevin Hickson Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Hickson Title: The localist turn in British politics and its critics Abstract: Localism has become a central feature of British political debate in recent years. This article traces the emergence and development of localism within all the three major UK parties – Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats – and seeks to explain why this transformation has taken place. Localism involves a radical ideological critique of the central state and seeks to replace it with more local forms of political organisation. In particular, this article distinguishes between ‘liberal’ and ‘communitarian’ forms of localism. Finally, this article evaluates the strength of localist claims to both empower individuals and allow for the expression of communal identity, concluding that there are fundamental flaws in localist arguments which allow for the re-emergence of the central state as a key actor. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 408-421 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:408-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822701_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Selen A. Ercan Author-X-Name-First: Selen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ercan Author-Name: Carolyn M. Hendriks Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks Title: The democratic challenges and potential of localism: insights from deliberative democracy Abstract: This article considers the democratic challenges and potential of localism by drawing on insights from the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. On a conceptual level, the ideas embedded in localism and deliberative democracy share much in common, particularly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Despite such commonalities, however, there has been limited conversation between relevant literatures. The article considers four democratic challenges facing localism and offers a response from a systems perspective of deliberative democracy. It argues that, for localism to realise its democratic potential, new participatory spaces are required and the design of these spaces matters. Beyond structured participatory forums, local democracy also needs an active and vibrant public sphere that promotes multiple forms of democratic expression. This requires taking seriously the democratic contributions of local associations and social movements. Finally, the article argues that, to fulfil its democratic potential, localism needs to encourage greater democratic and political connectivity between participatory forums and the broader public sphere. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 422-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:422-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822702_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anthony Hogan Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Hogan Author-Name: Stewart Lockie Author-X-Name-First: Stewart Author-X-Name-Last: Lockie Title: The coupling of rural communities with their economic base: agriculture, localism and the discourse of self-sufficiency Abstract: In the context of the changing socio-economic position of agriculture, this paper is concerned with the governmental relations associated with managing the decoupling of society from economy and the ensuing question about how the economic base can be adequately utilised to ensure continued material sustenance for the community. Central to these challenges is the role of social policy in co-ordinating processes of change against society's capacity for change, taking into account the increasing realisation that the both the capacity of the planet and its economies are finite. Localism is increasingly being promoted as a key social strategy which communities can use to address their needs to secure material sustenance. Under this form of localism, communities are required to secure their own socio-economic sustainability by taking an entrepreneurial approach to developing their local assets and resources. Societies are facing questions about the viability of both interventionist and market-based approaches for ensuring the continued sustenance of given communities. But, since localism does not have the capacity effectively to deal with the question of the carrying capacity of the economic or environmental base at a societal level, one must query the extent to which faith can be maintained in localism as an effective strategy for the future. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 441-454 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:441-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822703_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Deirdre A. Wilcock Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre A. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilcock Title: From blank spaces to flows of life: transforming community engagement in environmental decision-making and its implications for localism Abstract: Localism advocates the participation of ‘local’ groups in governmental decision-making processes. While making policy more context/place specific is a progressive goal, this paper suggests that the processes through which this occurs, and underlying conceptual approaches to scale and place, require a careful analysis. Although often side-lined, Indigenous experiences of localism are key to seeing these issues as critical responses to place and politics, rather than relegating them to an ‘Aboriginal’-specific issue. This paper outlines two practical implementations of Aboriginal inclusion in environmental decision-making, in Canada and Australia. These case studies demonstrate both the failings of current framings of localism and ‘environment’ in policy-making and the inadequate responses of governments to the complexities of place making. These challenges are illustrative and symptomatic of wider issues about how environmental policy and place are currently envisaged. This paper suggests a new methodological framing of these issues that positions the current framing as one view among many, offers a non-relativist frame of communication for moving beyond inclusion and outlines the implications of this reframing for localism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 455-473 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:455-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_822704_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Will Sanders Author-X-Name-First: Will Author-X-Name-Last: Sanders Title: Losing localism, constraining councillors: why the Northern Territory supershires are struggling Abstract: Local government reform in Australia's sparsely settled Northern Territory resulted in the emergence of large, remote area, regional shires in 2008. This paper outlines the history of remote area local government in the Northern Territory since ‘self-government’ in 1978 and compares these new large supershires with the more dispersed system of local government which preceded them. It argues that the large remote area shires are struggling to be accepted by their predominantly Aboriginal constituencies due to two significant changes in ideas. The first is a loss of the ideas of localism and self-determination, which sustained the previous generation of smaller, dispersed local governments. The second is the rise of the idea that the roles of elected councillors in local government should be constrained and those of appointed staff enhanced. The paper questions the wisdom of both these changes in the particular context of remote area, predominantly Indigenous, local government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 474-490 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.822704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.822704 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:4:p:474-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_863447_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Gerry Stoker Author-X-Name-First: Gerry Author-X-Name-Last: Stoker Title: Understanding localism, Part 2 Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 491-491 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.863447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.863447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:491-491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_862446_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nick Clarke Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke Title: Locality and localism: a view from British Human Geography Abstract: This paper considers the political geography of localism and reviews the insights of geographers regarding localism and locality. It identifies three main approaches to locality in Human Geography. Regional geographers, humanistic geographers and spatial scientists view localities as relatively natural phenomena. Marxist and political-economic geographers view localities as social phenomena produced by uneven capitalist development. Post-structuralist geographers view localities as characteristically open, plural and dynamic. The paper also distinguishes three sets of political localism to be found in human-geographical literatures. First, localism describes seemingly natural ways of life – organised to maximise authentic experiences of place in the case of Humanistic Geography and to minimise the friction of distance in the case of spatial science. Second, localism describes cultural–political expressions of spatial divisions of labour, including local political cultures, local proactivity in the context of large-scale economic restructuring, and actually existing, variegated, local neoliberalisations. Third, localism describes struggles to produce locally scaled action, including projects of local autonomy and self-sufficiency directed against the central state, movements to defend collective consumption from developers, coalitions to defend fixed capital against devaluation, and state downscaling to regulate capitalism. To illustrate their usefulness, some of these insights are applied to the localism agendas of recent British governments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 492-507 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.862446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.862446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:492-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_864083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kynan Gentry Author-X-Name-First: Kynan Author-X-Name-Last: Gentry Title: History, heritage and localism Abstract: Western heritage movements emerged first at the local level, with community and interest groups being the primary lobbyists for legislative protection and wider government support – even if the focus of preservations was initially almost exclusively national in focus. This article explores the Anglo-British approaches to heritage preservation over the past century which, initially, reflected a continued move towards localism, but, in recent years, has found itself at a crossroads, where, if it wants to further embrace community localism, fundamental changes are required in the basic attitudes towards, and notions of, heritage governance. Beginning with a brief outline of the heritage movement's evolution, this article then seeks to explore the issue of ‘place’ in shaping individual and community attachment to heritage sites and landscapes. In doing so, it explores the relative logic and problem of the local governance of local heritage. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 508-522 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.864083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.864083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:508-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_862447_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paul Porteous Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Porteous Title: Localism: from adaptive to social leadership Abstract: ‘Social leadership’ refers to the act of orchestrating adaptive change in groups, organisations, communities and nations. This article evaluates the contribution a social leadership approach can make to dealing with complex adaptive issues facing communities experiencing profound social change. It broaches the thorny question of what form of leadership best fits different localisms. The article does this by examining a sample of cases that are indicative of each form of localism and where the adoption of a social leadership approach has deepened the effectiveness of community problem-solving, compared to more centralised, top-down approaches. It distinguishes between localism as a consultative process, for solving technical problems, and localism as a ‘learning dynamic’, which helps communities adapt in an evolutionary sense to new or constantly changing environments. This article concludes that linking localism to a social leadership framework allows the concept to take on more depth as a way of engaging communities around tough realities focusing on underlying dynamics and generating the adaptive behaviours required to address those challenges. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 523-540 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.862447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.862447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:523-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_862448_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Lawrence Pratchett Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Author-X-Name-Last: Pratchett Title: The localism gap – the CLEAR failings of official consultation in the Murray Darling Basin Abstract: This article argues that the inability of the Commonwealth and State Governments in Australia to affect significant progress on water reform is largely a product of their inability to win the hearts and minds of rural communities; a failure to understand the importance of localism. Hitherto, the failure to bring the politics back in and integrate community voices into the process of policy development has proved the major obstacle to the achievement of a balanced social and environmental perspective in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) and has served to reinforce traditional prejudices. This article makes four main contributions to the study of communities experiencing stress. Firstly, we present the case for deep local democratization in times of stress. Secondly, we build on a diagnostic tool – the Can do Like to Enabled to Asked to Responded to (CLEAR) model – to evaluate the effectiveness of the consultation process underpinning the Guide to the Murray Darling Basin Plan (MDBP) and apply it to the Forbes consultation. Thirdly and fourthly, we use the findings from this evaluation to identify principles of community engagement which provide the best possible conditions for effective social mobilization and the capabilities that are necessary to deliver effective citizen-centric policy outcomes in communities experiencing high levels of stress Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 541-558 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.862448 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.862448 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:541-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_862449_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Andrea Felicetti Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Felicetti Title: Localism and the Transition movement Abstract: This article explores the relationship between localism and contemporary community engagement. In particular, it focuses on the Transition movement, an especially interesting case, given its localistic and community-oriented nature. The article begins with a short discussion of more traditional conceptions of localism. Subsequently, it examines Transition and discusses the relation between the movement and localism. It is argued that, despite some overlap, the relationship between localism and community groups like Transition Initiatives is problematic for theoretical and practical reasons. The ideas underpinning localist reforms and the Transition movement seem to differ widely, and these divergences do emerge in important discussions within the movement, a point illustrated here by a brief overview of the debate about the Big Society in the UK. At the same time, as the four case studies of Transitions in Australia and Italy show, there are also more practical concerns. Here, an initial problem is that there is a tension between the movement's open approach to institutional practice and actual everyday practice. The participants' frustration with, and scepticism towards, politics shapes the nature of their collaboration with councils. Indeed, often, the efforts of one (or very few) participants, rather than of the broader community, may underpin the relationship between the Transition movement and local institutions. Moreover, whilst groups may seek to tackle this problem and engage with communities, local institutions seem to encourage only limited, and sometimes problematic, interactions with community organisations. To the extent that localist agendas do not address these shortcomings, it seems unlikely that they will be able to promote deeper engagement between community organisations and local institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 559-574 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.862449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.862449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:559-574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_862450_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Carolyn M. Hendriks Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks Author-Name: Annie Bolitho Author-X-Name-First: Annie Author-X-Name-Last: Bolitho Author-Name: Chad Foulkes Author-X-Name-First: Chad Author-X-Name-Last: Foulkes Title: Localism and the paradox of devolution: delegated citizen committees in Victoria, Australia Abstract: A central ideal in community localism is the notion of participatory devolution; that citizens ought to be engaged, supported and included in local decision-making. Community localism views participatory engagement as a vital ingredient in the quest to empower communities and enliven local democracy. Yet, critics argue that, in practice, many participatory initiatives inspired by community localism fail to empower citizens because they represent one-off consultation exercises with limited devolution of responsibility or control. This paper contributes to this debate by examining how participatory devolution is enacted in the messy world of local governance. It focuses on the use of a participatory mechanism that has received little attention in localism debates, the delegated citizen committee. These are committees composed of volunteer citizens who have formal devolved power to manage local assets, such as public halls or sporting fields, and, in some cases, to make decisions on broader policy issues. Drawing on the experiences of a local government in Victoria, Australia, the article asks what work do delegated citizen committees do?; who participates?; what issues do they affect?; and how are they supported? The study finds that, in practice, many delegated citizen committees have devolved responsibility to perform managerial and administrative services, but, paradoxically, they have limited influence on the broader functioning of local democracy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 575-591 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.862450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.862450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:575-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_863572_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Melanie Dare Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Dare Title: Localism in practice: insights from two Tasmanian case studies Abstract: There is a growing need to develop and implement new forms of governance that respond to the increasing complexity of decision making and balance the roles of government and local citizens. Localism is (re)emerging as an alternative to traditional ‘top-down’ governance strategies which are criticised for their failure to adequately respond to the diversity of community needs. This article uses two case studies to explore how localism works in practice, the Tasmanian Drought Support Network and the Tasmanian Forest Agreement. Four dimensions of adaptive governance are used to critically identify the benefits and limitations of localism as a governance approach, exploring the approaches capacity for social and economic entrepreneurship, governance quality and the utilisation and enhancement of individual capacities. These empirical findings will help policy makers and community members better understand localism and guide the development of theory around localism and its future practice. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 592-611 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.863572 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.863572 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:592-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_864082_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Gerry Stoker Author-X-Name-First: Gerry Author-X-Name-Last: Stoker Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: In conclusion: localism in the present and the future Abstract: This two-part special issue on Understanding Localism indicates that this has become an increasingly important issue in a number of disciplines, although, as the introduction to the first issue highlighted, the focus on the ‘local’ is not new. It is perhaps unsurprising that Gentry, a Historian, and Clarke, a Geographer, particularly emphasise this point, although their concern is with locality and ‘the local’, rather than localism, which is a term that is much more recent and most closely associated with Public Policy research, and indeed practice. Here, we explore the disciplinary differences in approaches to the broad issues discussed here in a little more detail before turning to look specifically at developments in the public policy field in more detail. However, we begin by raising a question which is obvious on any reading of the articles in the two issues: the extent to which localism is a normative as well as an empirical issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 612-617 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.864082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.864082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:612-617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Brendan McCaffrie Author-X-Name-First: Brendan Author-X-Name-Last: McCaffrie Title: A contextual framework for assessing reconstructive prime ministerial success Abstract: This article develops a framework for assessing political leadership success by comparing leaders in similar historical contexts. It finds that Nichols and Myers's three tasks of reconstruction can be used to assess the relative success of reconstructive prime ministers, but that the tasks are more complex than their original conception acknowledges. Examination of three reconstructive Australian prime ministers shows that the relationship between skill and context is intricate. Different skills and leadership styles are suited to different contexts but are also suited to different aspects of the shared context. Reconstructive leaders must also pay sufficient attention to tasks that are beyond their natural strengths. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 618-637 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:618-637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804174_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nissim Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Nissim Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: The power of expertise? Politician–bureaucrat interactions, national budget transparency and the Israeli health care policy Abstract: How do ministry of Finance (MOF) bureaucrats preserve their dominance in the national budget process? As we all know, MOF bureaucrats are important in politics and policy, we know much less about exactly how they play their role. Political analysis of the interaction between politicians and bureaucrats in the Israeli healthcare policy arena reveals asymmetry of information in favour of the bureaucrats at the MOF. Among others, this asymmetry is also due to a lack of transparency in the national budgeting process. While presenting the balance of power between the players in the Israeli health policy arena, we point to the MOF bureaucrats as the most dominant players – though their power is not absolute as it always seems. Quite a few indications point at ‘non-democratic’ strategies made by these bureaucrats in their interactions with the other players. The empirical findings show that alongside bureaucrats' expertise, strategies based on concealment, manipulation in presentation of information, lack of transparency and ‘Buying’ politicians (bribe for budgets) establish the dominance of MOF's bureaucrats in the policy arena. Under the structural conditions of centralisation, the other players tend to find alternative solutions for promoting the public policies they seek. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 638-654 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 34 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:34:y:2013:i:5-6:p:638-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_803532_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Cristina Aragon Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Aragon Author-Name: Mari Jose Aranguren Author-X-Name-First: Mari Jose Author-X-Name-Last: Aranguren Author-Name: Maria-Angeles Diez Author-X-Name-First: Maria-Angeles Author-X-Name-Last: Diez Author-Name: Cristina Iturrioz Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Iturrioz Author-Name: James R. Wilson Author-X-Name-First: James R. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: Participatory evaluation: a useful tool for contextualising cluster policy? Abstract: Insufficient attention is often given to the underlying context in which policies that seek to facilitate cooperation between firms are implemented, inhibiting their expected outcomes. This article analyses the processes involved in a participatory cluster policy evaluation experience that was designed to integrate fundamental and ongoing concern with context and how it interacts with the policy. The premise of the argument is that participatory evaluation itself can directly support the aims of the policy (cluster cooperation) and contribute to policy learning. Nevertheless, we find that success is not guaranteed; several obstacles have to be overcome to obtain learning outcomes that strengthen policy-making. While the contribution is primarily methodological, the article also contributes to conceptual debates on the significance of cluster context in policy design, implementation and evaluation. The participatory evaluation process explored in the article, alongside the findings around key practical considerations, can be usefully applied in other policy contexts that aim to enhance cooperation between firms and other economic agents. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.803532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.803532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:1:p:1-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Åsa Knaggård Author-X-Name-First: Åsa Author-X-Name-Last: Knaggård Title: What do policy-makers do with scientific uncertainty? The incremental character of Swedish climate change policy-making Abstract: This article explores how policy-makers are managing scientific uncertainty in policy-making. This is done through a case study of the Swedish climate change policy process from 1975 to 2007, based on interviews and an extensive review of official publications and documents. The study shows that scientific uncertainty played a very marginal role in the development of Swedish climate politics. When faced with scientific uncertainty, policy-makers came to rely more on knowledge of what was politically possible to do, than on what was desirable from a scientific perspective. Thereby, policy-making became incremental in character. The article argues that in order to understand the dynamics involved, we need to pay attention to how scientific knowledge and uncertainty are translated from a scientific context into a political one. These framings, done by knowledge brokers, are crucial for the use of scientific knowledge in politics. Scientific uncertainty negatively impacts scientists' willingness to act as knowledge brokers and thereby the possibility of policy-makers to use knowledge. The article argues that despite the lessons from previous research, there seems to be a need for empirically grounded studies that highlight the limits of the rational paradigm captured in, for example, evidence-based decision-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 22-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:1:p:22-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_804176_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jongkon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jongkon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Environmental legislative standstill and bureaucratic politics in the USA Abstract: In spite of growing environmental problems in the USA, an environmental legislative standstill has been prevalent in US politics for about 20 years. Several studies on lawmaking have argued that this legislative standstill has been caused by conflicts among elected officials, such as legislators and the president (institutional gridlock). This paper suggests a different view on the environmental legislative standstill in terms of bureaucratic politics. Using a case study on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding hazardous waste disposal and the Superfund, the current study contends that the EPA's collaborative efforts to resolve interest conflict expansion have led to legislative standstill. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 40-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.804176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.804176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:1:p:40-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875139_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John S.F. Wright Author-X-Name-First: John S.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Author-Name: Paul G. Dempster Author-X-Name-First: Paul G. Author-X-Name-Last: Dempster Author-Name: Justin Keen Author-X-Name-First: Justin Author-X-Name-Last: Keen Author-Name: Pauline Allen Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Author-Name: Andrew Hutchings Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Hutchings Title: How should we evaluate the impacts of policy? The case of Payment by Results and the 18 Week Patient Pathway in English hospitals Abstract: Today, qualitative researchers are framing the relationship between qualitative case studies and quantitative evaluation research in positivist terms, seeking dialogue with quantitative researchers on the basis that qualitative case studies hold the potential to develop theory for evaluation programmes and to improve the quality of quantitative research. In the UK health policy literature, however, recent evaluations of major government programmes of reform have been conducted under largely quantitative and econometric strategies involving baskets of indicators, or routinely collected hospital statistics, set against the central stated aims of the programme: namely, to improve quality, efficiency, responsiveness, output and equity. For the wider evaluation literature, we detail the results of a qualitative case study of the impact of two key reforms, the 18 Week Patient Pathway and Payment by Results, on four English hospitals, demonstrating the value of the positivist frame to evaluation research based on its capacity to improve understandings of cause and effect and to direct quantitative researchers towards better measures and data sets. For the UK health policy literature, we demonstrate the value of qualitative case studies to the policy process in terms of their potential to reduce the risks for serious policy mistakes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 59-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875139 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875139 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:1:p:59-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875140_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nikolai Mouraviev Author-X-Name-First: Nikolai Author-X-Name-Last: Mouraviev Author-Name: Nada K. Kakabadse Author-X-Name-First: Nada K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kakabadse Title: Public–private partnerships in Russia: dynamics contributing to an emerging policy paradigm Abstract: Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are new in Russia and represent project implementation in progress. The government is actively pursuing PPP deployment in sectors such as transportation and urban infrastructure, and at all levels including federal, regional and especially local. Despite the lack of pertinent laws and regulations, the PPP public policy quickly transforms into a policy paradigm that provides simplified concepts and solutions and intensifies partnership development. The article delineates an emerging model of Russia's PPP policy paradigm, whose structure includes the shared understanding of the need for long-term collaboration between the public sector and business, a changing set of government responsibilities that imply an increasing private provision of public services, and new institutional capacities. This article critically appraises the principal dynamics that contribute to an emerging PPP policy paradigm, namely the broad government treatment of the meaning of a partnership and of a contractual PPP; a liberal PPP approval process that lacks clear guidelines and consistency across regions; excessive emphasis on positive PPP externalities and neglect of drawbacks; and unjustifiably extensive government financial support to PPPs. Whilst a paradigm appears to be useful specifically for the policy purpose of PPP expansion, it may also mask inefficiencies such as higher prices of public services and greater government risks. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 79-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875140 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875140 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:1:p:79-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875141_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jessica Pykett Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: Pykett Author-Name: Rhys Jones Author-X-Name-First: Rhys Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Marcus Welsh Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Welsh Author-Name: Mark Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: The art of choosing and the politics of social marketing Abstract: Social marketing is an increasingly popular method by which governments and public bodies deploy marketing principles and techniques in order to achieve ‘social goods’. This paper examines the close relationship between public sector social marketing, a policy mantra focused on ‘behaviour change’ and the political agenda of ‘libertarian paternalism’. Drawing on interview data with policy strategists, think tank professionals, social marketing advisors and civil servants, the paper argues that careful attention needs to be paid to the strategic governance issues raised by the use of social marketing tools in public policy, with a particular focus on the ethics of behavioural segmentation, context shaping and choice. We argue that there are serious ethical consequences to a public policy culture, which has become preoccupied with cultivating the arts of choosing within a methodological and theoretical framework dominated by the language, tools and techniques of behaviourism, marketisation and consumerism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 97-114 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:97-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875142_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ron Mandelbaum Author-X-Name-First: Ron Author-X-Name-Last: Mandelbaum Author-Name: Amos Zehavi Author-X-Name-First: Amos Author-X-Name-Last: Zehavi Title: Recession as a window of opportunity for public sector recruitment Abstract: This article addresses the challenge of attracting high-quality workers to the public sector despite inter-sector pay discrepancies that often favor private sector employment. We argue that economic downturns offer a rare window of opportunity for the public sector to recruit high-quality workers that under normal conditions would prefer the higher monetary rewards of the private to the public sector. In deep economic downturns unemployment rises and with it work-related uncertainty. Under such circumstances, the attractiveness of public sector work increases and the public sector can choose talent from a wider and deeper pool than is normally the case. To illustrate, we present an Israeli teachers' recruitment program that developed on the backdrop of the 2008 global crisis. We also discuss how the Great Depression created the American public sector leadership for years to come. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-130 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875142 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875142 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:115-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875143_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rajiv Prabhakar Author-X-Name-First: Rajiv Author-X-Name-Last: Prabhakar Title: What are public attitudes towards financial capability? Evidence from focus groups in London Abstract: Financial capability is a controversial area of public policy. Critics allege that it is part of a ‘financialisation’ agenda to turn people from citizens into subjects while supporters say that financial capability is important to lead an independent life. But what do people think of financial capability? This matters because public support is important for the success of financial capability policies. This paper reports evidence of public attitudes from a focus-group study in London which asked two questions. What do people think of financial capability? Do people think policy should target financial institutions rather than individuals? The results show that people support financial capability and do not think they are turned into financial subjects. However, some of their views overlap with a weaker version of financialisation, particularly on home ownership. Participants also suggest that the priority now is to target institutions rather than individuals. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 131-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:131-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875144_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kari Lancaster Author-X-Name-First: Kari Author-X-Name-Last: Lancaster Author-Name: Alison Ritter Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Ritter Author-Name: Hal Colebatch Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Colebatch Title: Problems, policy and politics: making sense of Australia's ‘ice epidemic’ Abstract: Drug policy is a complex and controversial policy domain and traditional models of the policy process which present policy making as a process of authoritative problem solving by governments deny the complexity of the policy process in the real-world. An alternative perspective is to engage with the idea of policy-making as an ongoing process of managing the problematic, with multiple participants and competing perspectives. Kingdon's ‘multiple streams’ is a heuristic for understanding policy-making in this way. This article critically considers to what extent Kingdon's heuristic is a useful tool for drug policy analysis, in so far as it may offer an approach to better understanding the complexity of the drug policy process, which extends beyond authoritative problem solving. We apply Kingdon's ‘multiple streams’ to a case study examining the emergence of methamphetamine (an illicit, synthetic psychostimulant drug) as a policy issue in Australia from the late-1990s to the late-2000s. We find strengths in Kingdon's approach as applied to drug policy but also identify a number of ways in which this case study differed from Kingdon's propositions. We question Kingdon's assertion that the ‘streams’ operate independently, whether policy windows are necessary for action, the role of the media and the temporal frame for analysis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 147-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:147-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875145_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kevin F. Mole Author-X-Name-First: Kevin F. Author-X-Name-Last: Mole Author-Name: Mark Hart Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Author-Name: Stephen Roper Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Roper Title: When moving information online diminishes change: advisory services to SMEs Abstract: Improving the performance of private sector small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in a cost effective manner is a major concern for government. Governments have saved costs by moving information online rather than through more expensive face-to-face exchanges between advisers and clients. Building on previous work that distinguished between types of advice, this article evaluates whether these changes to delivery mechanisms affect the type of advice received. Using a multinomial logit model of 1334 cases of business advice to small firms collected in England, the study found that advice to improve capabilities was taken by smaller firms who were less likely to have limited liability or undertake business planning. SMEs sought word-of-mouth referrals before taking internal, capability-enhancing advice. This is also the case when that advice was part of a wider package of assistance involving both internal and external aspects. Only when firms took advice that used extant capabilities did they rely on the Internet. Therefore, when the Internet is privileged over face-to-face advice the changes made by each recipient of advice are likely to diminish causing less impact from advice within the economy. It implies that fewer firms will adopt the sorts of management practices that would improve their productivity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 172-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:172-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875146_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Author-Name: Mads Dagnis Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Mads Dagnis Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: The anatomy of Intergroups – network governance in the political engine room of the European Parliament Abstract: Intergroups are key components in the European Parliament's modus operandi, allowing members from different political groups to focus on specific political topics. Hitherto, the defining characteristics of Intergroups have not received much attention in academic literature. This article remedies this lack by conducting a study of Intergroups coached by network theory. It is shown that there are considerable variations between them. Though it is only parliamentarians who can be formal members, Intergroups may comprise a variety of different actors, and interaction is characterised by interests, non-hierarchical negotiations, easy communication lines and trust. Some Intergroups are targeted by interest groups to such an extent that a fusion nearly happens, whereas others do not receive any attention at all. Intergroups can have considerable impact by moulding ideas for new ‘wise’ policies. Finally, the analysis compares the function of Intergroups to that of the US Congress Caucuses and demonstrates that Intergroups bear resemblance in the way that they allow Members of the European Parliament to signal their preferences, exchange information and coordinate legislative initiatives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 192-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:192-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_889908_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 210-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.889908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.889908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:2:p:210-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_886679_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Matthew T. Clements Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T. Author-X-Name-Last: Clements Title: Shock and awe: the effects of disinformation in military confrontation Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of disinformation in a military conflict. If one army distorts its opponents' perception of its ability, this will create a greater propensity for soldiers on the opposing side to surrender. The sender of disinformation will thus have a greater probability of victory. However, disinformation may also lengthen the battle and increase the total number of casualties. This depends not only on the degree of disinformation but also on whether and to what extent the sender of disinformation is superior to the receiver. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 211-220 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.886679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.886679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:211-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_886680_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Laura N. Haar Author-X-Name-First: Laura N. Author-X-Name-Last: Haar Title: Do patterns of trade and international competitiveness support the case for industrial policy? Abstract: Although industrial policy is promoted as a means of achieving and preserving international competitiveness, the patterns of trade between countries are often ignored in both justifying industrial policies and measuring their impact. This paper examines the case for industrial policy using bilateral trade patterns over a 12-year period to measure changes in British industrial competitiveness. As Germany is widely portrayed as a model of industrial competitiveness, the research addresses the common view that Germany strengthened its leading position as an industrial European power, whereas UK is slowly falling behind because it lacks an active industrial policy. By studying competitiveness using various metrics related to export data, a more subtle and nuanced picture arises of what has happened to the UK vis-à-vis Germany with implications for policy-making. We analyse changes in the structural composition of British and German manufactured exports based on specific trade indices, including the revealed comparative advantage, the Grubel–Lloyd index, the marginal intra-industry index and factor intensity, calculated at industry and product level. The results have policy implications for how UK advances towards policy objectives of increasing exports to balance the economy, achieve sustainable growth and overcome the negative effects of the recent financial crisis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 221-245 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.886680 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.886680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:221-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875147_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eva Maria Vögtle Author-X-Name-First: Eva Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Vögtle Author-Name: Kerstin Martens Author-X-Name-First: Kerstin Author-X-Name-Last: Martens Title: The Bologna Process as a template for transnational policy coordination Abstract: The Bologna Process (BP) presents the largest ongoing reform initiative in higher education (HE). Although it has triggered large-scale changes in HE structures in Europe, comparative analysis about its impact on other regions of the world is scarce. Using transnational communication and sociological institutionalism as a theoretical framework, this article investigates the impact of the BP on the Asia-Pacific region, Latin America and the Caribbean [LAC] and (parts of) Africa. Our results demonstrate that not only the policies promoted in the realm of the BP, especially in the field of study structures, have been copied by non-European HE institutions, but also its governance modes for managing transnational HE reform initiatives. Thus, the BP can be regarded as a template for transnational HE harmonization processes in the absence of legal obligation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 246-263 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:246-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875148_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: J.A.M. Hufen Author-X-Name-First: J.A.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hufen Author-Name: Joop F.M. Koppenjan Author-X-Name-First: Joop F.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Koppenjan Title: How evidence becomes authoritative in public policy implementation. Lessons from three Dutch white ravens Abstract: Policy scientists and public policymakers are continuously struggling with the troublesome relationship between knowledge and policy. On the one hand, policy and policy processes are generally recognized as having a political nature because they prioritize the generation of will rather than knowledge. On the other hand, it is difficult to accept that knowledge is being wasted or used strategically. One of the main challenges for public policymakers is to reconcile the political rationality of policy processes with the scientific rationality of knowledge and research, for instance by intelligent organization of knowledge generation and knowledge use. This article aims to contribute to the debate on this topic by comparing three policy implementation processes in which knowledge played an authoritative role. On the basis of this analysis of these three ‘white ravens,’ lessons are drawn regarding the conditions under which knowledge becomes authoritative in policy implementation practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 264-281 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:264-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875149_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Dobbins Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Dobbins Title: Explaining change and inertia in Swedish and French education: A tale of two corporatisms? Abstract: Why do western welfare states differ so starkly when it comes to educational governance and, in particular, the degree of (de-)centralization? This article focuses on two such western European countries which demonstrate highly similar educational traditions, institutions and guiding principles – France and Sweden. The Swedish education system has evolved into one of the most decentralized in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), while France has preserved the main components of its centralized education system amid a broader international trend towards decentralization. Looking at secondary education governance in both countries, the author theorizes different forms of ‘educational corporatism’ and the resulting patterns of interactions of teacher unions as key educational actors. Characterized by ‘competitive corporatism’ within the centralized bureaucracy, the French education policy framework has enabled teachers unions to capture the policy-making apparatus and exploit their internal differences to stymie education reform and decentralization. Swedish teachers unions, by contrast, compensated for the decline of centralized corporatism by creating new institutions of ‘local teacher-dominated corporatism’, which altered the incentive structure for decentralization. The research question bears significance for contemporary education policy-making, as France's weak performance in international comparisons has been traced to excessive educational centralization, while critics of Swedish education link the weak performance of Swedish pupils to the perceived excessive decentralization of the education system. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 282-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:282-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875150_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sebastian Ureta Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Ureta Title: Policy assemblages: proposing an alternative conceptual framework to study public action Abstract: This paper looks to propose an alternative conceptual framework that could help policy studies to better capture the complexity and multifaceted character of contemporary policy processes. Mixing science and technology studies with critical policy studies, it sees policies as assemblages formed by an ample array of heterogeneous elements, from technical standards to everyday practices. Three major configurations of policy assemblages are explored: problematization (when an issue is turned into a matter of policy), infrastructuration (when a new infrastructure is organized trying to transform the issue at hand), and regime (when the infrastructure is put to work). In order to explore the empirical applicability of this conceptualization, the second half of the paper analyses one particular case: the introduction of ramps for wheelchair access in public transport buses in the city of Santiago, Chile. This case study will show how policies are never the pure application of rational guidelines or the result of powerful individuals but multifaceted processes in which a multitude of entities, all of them carrying different agencies, intervene and are continually reenacted, changing the policy's outcome in accordance with the presence/absence of certain articulations and practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 303-318 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875150 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875150 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:3:p:303-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875151_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yasuo Takao Author-X-Name-First: Yasuo Author-X-Name-Last: Takao Title: Policy learning and diffusion of Tokyo's metropolitan cap-and-trade: making a mandatory reduction of total CO2 emissions work at local scales Abstract: The process of adopting policy ideas is extremely complex and requires a close examination of the political context in which the idea is learned, articulated, contested, adapted, and accepted by agents, both individual and collective. Why and how was the world's first urban scheme of mandatory reduction of total emissions adopted in Tokyo and not elsewhere? What might cause diffusion of this idea in other urban areas? One key explanation behind the idea adoption is a policy evolution of trial-and-error lessons about effective policy design, desirable policy goals, and politically feasible judgments. This study finds that both agency effects and structural opportunities of policy adoption in the case of Tokyo's cap-and-trade are too specific to result in a more coherent diffusion of ideas, policies, and practices in other urban areas. Although there is a sign of diffusion of Tokyo's cap-and-trade throughout Japan, it is more likely to derive from mimicking behaviors than from learning. The policy transfer of Tokyo's cap-and-trade requires the continuous learning of adaptive capacity to make it better fit to locally specific conditions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 319-338 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875151 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875151 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:319-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875152_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kaija Valdmaa Author-X-Name-First: Kaija Author-X-Name-Last: Valdmaa Title: Development of the environmental taxes and charges system in Estonia: international convergence mechanisms and local factors Abstract: It is often claimed that the development of new policy areas (e.g. environmental policy, innovation policy) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries was initiated and influenced by international events and organizations (e.g. the European Union, International Monetary Fund, and United Nations) in the 1990s when these countries became independent and opened up to the Western world. This article seeks to clarify the importance and role of exogenous and endogenous explanatory factors in the adoption and development of new policy instruments (NPIs). This article proposes an adjusted theoretical framework of convergence mechanisms and a brief systemized overview of local factors to analyze and explain to what extent international factors influenced the development process of new fiscal instruments in practice in CEE countries with the example of the establishment of the environmental taxes and charges system in Estonia. Based on qualitative interviews with Estonian environmental policy experts as well as law and document analysis, this article concludes that the Estonian case study highlights the significance of policy learning, harmonization, and coercive imposition but most apparently, and contrary to common belief, different domestic factors have played a more essential role in shaping the NPIs. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 339-356 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:339-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875153_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sonja Blum Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Blum Title: No need to reinvent the wheel: family policy transfers in Germany and Austria Abstract: Family policies have recently been raised high on the political agendas for action in many welfare states and have constituted a major reform area. This is especially the case in Germany and in Austria, where the literature has identified surprisingly far-reaching reforms, particularly in the fields of parental leave and childcare services. This article addresses the observation that there has not only been an intensive exchange between these two countries in their family policy reform processes, additionally, there has been a growing interest in ‘learning from abroad’ in general, with the Nordic countries often serving as examples. Partly, this is connected to an increased activity of the European Union in the field, particularly through soft law methods like the open method of coordination (OMC). This article asks to what extent family policy reforms in Germany and Austria were influenced by vertical and horizontal policy transfers. Presenting findings from comparative case studies of reforms in parental leave and childcare (2000–2010), the article shows which reforms were influenced by policy transfers (and which were not), which objects were transferred and to what extent. It argues that family policy reforms in Germany and in Austria cannot be fully understood without taking cross-national policy transfers into account. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 357-376 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875153 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875153 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:357-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875154_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Melody Barlage Author-X-Name-First: Melody Author-X-Name-Last: Barlage Author-Name: Arjan van den Born Author-X-Name-First: Arjan Author-X-Name-Last: van den Born Author-Name: Arjen van Witteloostuijn Author-X-Name-First: Arjen Author-X-Name-Last: van Witteloostuijn Author-Name: Les Graham Author-X-Name-First: Les Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: Estimating public performance bias through an MTMM model: the case of police performance in 26 European countries Abstract: Organisational performance is notoriously difficult to measure in the public sector. More often than not, objective performance measures are difficult to construct. Subjective performance is a popular alternative to, as well as, complement of objective performance measures. However, such subjective perception measures are likely to be biased. The bias tends to depend upon the specific stakeholder's position vis-à-vis the focal organisation. We show how a multi-trait–multi-method (MTMM) model cannot only determine the validity of performance measures, but is also valuable in generating estimates the potential biases in both method (e.g. respondent type) and trait (e.g. performance measure) of these subjective performance measures. To demonstrate the benefits of this methodology in public management, we apply this method to the subjective performance of Police Forces in 26 European countries. Our policing example demonstrates that single-handedly the available subjective performance measures are not reliable estimates of overall police performance. Moreover, the analysis shows that all three rater groups have significant bias, with police employees most positively biased about their own performance. Interestingly enough this bias depends on the performance measure; corporate managers are most biased about the police catching burglars, while health care professionals are more biased about policing arrival times. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 377-396 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875154 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875154 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:377-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_875155_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chisung Park Author-X-Name-First: Chisung Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Mark Wilding Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wilding Author-Name: Changho Chung Author-X-Name-First: Changho Author-X-Name-Last: Chung Title: The importance of feedback: Policy transfer, translation and the role of communication Abstract: In recent years, translation has begun to be employed in multidisciplinary policy studies as a more constructivist alternative to the established policy transfer literature. While both transfer and translation acknowledge the complex nature of communication in the adaptation of policies to new contexts, they are yet to investigate the impact of communication types on the modification of policies. This study draws upon public relations theory in order to develop four modes of translation in the transfer of policy. The modes are utilized as a means of illustrating how two-way communication between both borrowers and lenders, and borrowers and policy stakeholders is most likely to increase the chances of policy success. The practicality of the theoretical model is illustrated through examples of congestion charge translation in Stockholm and Greater Manchester. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 397-412 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.875155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:397-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_877582_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Patrik Marier Author-X-Name-First: Patrik Author-X-Name-Last: Marier Author-Name: Stephanie Paterson Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Author-X-Name-Last: Paterson Author-Name: Mariel Angus Author-X-Name-First: Mariel Author-X-Name-Last: Angus Title: From quacks to professionals: the importance of changing social constructions in the policy-making process Abstract: The social construction of target populations (SCTP) approach assumes that policies are constructed to benefit (or punish) specific groups of citizens based on their relative power and social construction. This contribution tackles one of the most sustained critiques of the SCTP literature, namely, how a group can alter its social construction and power. Stated differently, how does a group move from being constructed as dependent or deviant to contenders or advantaged? In 1991, the government in Ontario, Canada, proclaimed what is arguably the most progressive midwifery legislation in the world. The Midwifery Act established midwifery as a self-regulating profession, fully integrated into the province's public health insurance system, and enables midwives to catch babies in hospitals, homes and birthing centres. What is striking about the legislation is the contentious debate preceding it, in which midwives were constructed as ‘quacks’, incompetent and unclean, compared to professional physicians. In this paper, we explore the role of commissions of inquiries (COI) in shifting social constructions. Specifically, we argue that COI legitimised the authoritative knowledge of moral entrepreneurs and facilitated the necessary interaction between moral and political entrepreneurs, which in turn reconstructed midwives from ‘quacks’ to experts, and resulted in significant policy change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 413-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.877582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2013.877582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:4:p:413-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_886681_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Martina Lawless Author-X-Name-First: Martina Author-X-Name-Last: Lawless Author-Name: Fergal McCann Author-X-Name-First: Fergal Author-X-Name-Last: McCann Author-Name: Tara McIndoe Calder Author-X-Name-First: Tara Author-X-Name-Last: McIndoe Calder Title: SMEs in Ireland: contributions, credit and economic crisis Abstract: The small and medium enterprise (SME) segment is regarded as an important contributor to sustainable economic and employment recovery due to their largely indigenous, employment-intensive nature. The recent economic, financial and employment crisis has been particularly sharply felt in this segment of the Irish economy. Taking a wide range of indicators from firm production and bank lending data, this article examines the structure of the SME sector through the pre- and post-crisis period. This highlights the central contribution of SMEs to employment and job creation, with an emphasis on the role of indigenous, non-exporting firms. Descriptive evidence on the misallocation of credit in the run-up to the 2008 crisis, along with a reallocation of lending away from those sectors with highest pre-2008 credit accumulation is also presented. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 435-457 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.886681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.886681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:5:p:435-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_946481_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lisa McCann Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: McCann Title: A discursive institutionalist analysis of global policy ideas in the creation of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission Abstract: This article examines three levels – policies, programs, and philosophies – and two types – cognitive and normative – of ideas in the policy discourse around the formation of the United Nations (UN) Peacebuilding Commission (PBC), using discursive institutionalism. This study of ideas helped explain this important global policy change and identify causal factors behind it. Underlying the policy ideas for the PBC and several antecedents, failed peacebuilding proposals were programmatic ideas about what peacebuilding was, whether it was relief, development, or security, and whether it should include prevention. A major questioning of ideas at the philosophical level, sparked by the 9/11 attacks and the 2002–2003 Iraq crisis, created the conditions under which the PBC policy idea could be brought forward. Tracing normative as well as cognitive ideas also helped explain policy change, by identifying policy actors’ motivations behind the policy proposals. Normative ideas were about what was wrong in post-conflict countries, including peacekeeping disasters, large-scale refugee and internally displaced persons (IDP) situations, a purportedly high rate of relapse into conflict, northern concerns about failed states, and southern concerns about a strong UN Security Council (UNSC). They also drove the particular policy proposals, including that for a small PBC with preventive functions and reporting only to the UNSC, and for the later removal of preventive functions, addition of General Assembly members to the PBC, and reporting to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 458-483 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.946481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.946481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:5:p:458-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_946482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eran Vigoda-Gadot Author-X-Name-First: Eran Author-X-Name-Last: Vigoda-Gadot Author-Name: Haim Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Haim Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Yair Zalmanovitch Author-X-Name-First: Yair Author-X-Name-Last: Zalmanovitch Title: Does the privatizing of policy formation threaten democracy? Arguments from the Israeli experience Abstract: Since the 1970s, the literature on privatization has tried to find the right balance between the public interest and the neoliberal spirit of modern economies. This article examines the implications of one such process – the privatizing of policy formation. Using examples from Israel, we maintain that allowing private interests to formulate public policy is unique among other types of privatization strategies. We seek to identify the challenges and risks that such an approach to formulating public policy poses. We conclude that the privatizing of far-reaching policies should be done with caution and within parameters outlined by law in order to prevent the potential damage that such privatization efforts might have on democratic governments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 484-497 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.946482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.946482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:5:p:484-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_946483_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jack Corbett Author-X-Name-First: Jack Author-X-Name-Last: Corbett Title: But why do we need politicians? A critical review Abstract: In response to growing popular dissatisfaction with politics and politicians there has been a marked increase in academic work about anti-politics and depoliticization with numerous scholars seeking to defend politics by restating why it matters. However, these efforts have largely glossed over the related question of why politicians also matter. To fill this gap I propose a typology that captures how the different intellectual perspectives in this debate see the role of politicians – identifying six in particular: procedural, legitimacy, values, authority, persuasion and dissimulation. In doing so I review each contribution and highlight synergies and disagreements between them that in-turn reveal important insights and new lines of inquiry. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 498-512 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.946483 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.946483 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:5:p:498-512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_946484_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rachel M. Gisselquist Author-X-Name-First: Rachel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Gisselquist Title: Developing and evaluating governance indexes: 10 questions Abstract: Recent years have seen a proliferation of composite indicators or indexes of governance and their use in research and policy-making. This article proposes a framework of 10 questions to guide both the development and evaluation of such indexes. In reviewing these 10 questions – only six of which, it argues, are critical – the paper advances two broad arguments: First, more attention should be paid to the fundamentals of social science methodology, that is, concept formation, content validity, reliability, replicability, robustness, and the relevance of particular measures to underlying research questions. Second, less attention should be paid to other issues more commonly highlighted in the literature on governance measurement, that is, descriptive complexity, theoretical fit, the precision of estimates, and ‘correct’ weighting. The paper builds on review of the literature and on three years of research in practice in developing a well-known governance index. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 513-531 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.946484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.946484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:5:p:513-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971727_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Isabel-María García-Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: Isabel-María Author-X-Name-Last: García-Sánchez Author-Name: Noemí Mordán Author-X-Name-First: Noemí Author-X-Name-Last: Mordán Author-Name: Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros Author-X-Name-First: Beatriz Author-X-Name-Last: Cuadrado-Ballesteros Title: Do electoral cycles affect local financial health? Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the proximity to elections impacts on the financial health of local governments. This constitutes an original approach to understand the importance of monitoring politicians' actions, especially when elections are coming. Using a sample of 153 Spanish local governments for the period 1988–2008, we find the existence of an electoral cycle, since electoral proximity damages the financial health of local governments. Concretely, the use of public resources with the opportunistic aim of being re-elected damages the local solvency, the capacity to provide public services, and the capacity of preserving social welfare, since municipalities becoming more dependent on resources from other levels of government. Furthermore, we find a partisan cycle too, since municipalities governed by left-wing parties are usually under worse financial health than other municipalities because they lose capacity to adapt to economic and financial changes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 533-556 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:533-556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971728_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mika Haapanen Author-X-Name-First: Mika Author-X-Name-Last: Haapanen Author-Name: Helena Lenihan Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Lenihan Author-Name: Marco Mariani Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Mariani Title: Government policy failure in public support for research and development Abstract: Promoting Research and Development (R&D) and innovative activity is a key element of the EU Lisbon Agenda and is seen as playing a central part in stimulating economic development. In this paper we argue that, even allowing for benevolent policy-makers, informational asymmetries can lead to a misallocation of public support for R&D, hence government policy failure, with the potential to exacerbate preexisting market failures. Initially, we explore alternative allocation mechanisms for public support, which can help to minimize the scale of these government policy failures. Of these mechanisms (grants, tax credits, or allocation rules based on past performance), our results suggest that none is universally most efficient. Rather, the effectiveness of each allocation rule depends on the severity of financial constraints and on the level of innovative capabilities of the firms themselves. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 557-575 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:557-575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971729_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Helene M. Kjærgård Eide Author-X-Name-First: Helene M. Kjærgård Author-X-Name-Last: Eide Author-Name: Gunn Elisabeth Søreide Author-X-Name-First: Gunn Elisabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Søreide Title: A Norwegian policy perspective on the relation between school leadership and pupils' learning outcomes. Abstract: This article illuminates and discusses how three contemporary Norwegian White papers and the OECD document Improving School Leadership: Policy and Practice narrate the relationship between school leadership and student learning outcomes. First, the article describes the identified dominant policy narrative connecting pupils' learning outcomes to school leadership, before the narrative techniques used to make this connection are explored in more detail. The analysis shows how a dominant public narrative describes the relationship between school leadership and pupils' learning outcomes as a hierarchical one-way chain of influence, and not as a dialogical and dynamic relationship where the elements are interdependent and influence each other. The one-way, hierarchical chain of influence constructed by the narrative plot meets the need policy has to reduce complexity in order to express governmental goals and distribute responsibility. The linearity and causality embedded in the policy narrative produces an understanding of the relationship between school leadership and learning outcomes that also signals a narrow range of options available to school leaders and teachers. By proposing a limited range of teacher- and leader practices as significant for the fulfilment of the policy goals, the narrative plot also constructs a relatively narrow frame for the professional work of school leaders and teachers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 576-591 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:576-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971730_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Craig Berry Author-X-Name-First: Craig Author-X-Name-Last: Berry Title: Quantity over quality: a political economy of ‘active labour market policy’ in the UK Abstract: This article offers a critical evaluation of recent ‘active labour market policy’ (ALMP) initiatives in the UK, focusing on the coalition government's Work Programme and its immediate antecedents. ALMP exemplifies a supply-side employment strategy, reorienting the state away from supporting labour demand and towards promoting the ‘employability’ of individuals within existing labour market structures. The article locates the rationale for this policy agenda within the wider politics of economic growth. Belying its status as a pioneer of ALMP, the UK spends very little on supply-side labour market interventions relative to other European countries. This can be explained with reference to the type of ALMP interventions prioritised in the UK, which in turn is explained by the growth model that ALMP is designed to sustain. The UK's growth model requires an abundance of low-paid jobs in the labour-intense and volatile services sector. Ostensibly, ALMP fulfils this requirement by ensuring that individuals are immediately available for work, marginalising concerns about pay and job quality. Moreover, ALMP also serves to inculcate the desirability of certain behaviours at the individual level. The coalition government's approach demonstrates an intensification rather than transformation of previous practice, indicative of its support for resurrecting the UK's pre-crisis growth model. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 592-610 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971730 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971730 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:592-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971731_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jenny van der Arend Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: van der Arend Title: Bridging the research/policy gap: policy officials' perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to effective links between academic and policy worlds Abstract: Evidence-based policy has become rhetoric for many western governments across a broad range of health and social policy areas. However, the transfer and uptake of academic research in policy contexts has often been problematic. Academics frequently argue that policy makers ignore the research they produce, while policy makers argue that academic research is seldom relevant to their needs. Research relationships and collaborations have long been regarded as key strategies to create pathways for research into policy contexts. They are also understood to better support the application of research in understanding policy issues, and in designing and implementing policy initiatives. This paper reports on findings from a large scale project, which targeted public servants undertaking policy work in Australian federal and state departments to investigate their experiences around the availability and use of academic social research. The paper explores the relevance of networks and linkages between academics and public servants in supporting research transfer and uptake. Reported barriers and facilitators to linkages are outlined. The paper concludes that a research-informed understanding of the factors and processes that promote and prevent effective linkages between academics and policy officials is needed to develop more realistic efforts to address the research/policy gap. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 611-630 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:611-630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_971732_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Carol Hayden Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Hayden Author-Name: Craig Jenkins Author-X-Name-First: Craig Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins Title: ‘Troubled Families’ Programme in England: ‘wicked problems’ and policy-based evidence Abstract: This article outlines and critiques a key area of contemporary social policy in England: the Troubled Families Programme, launched in 2011. This is a national programme which aims to ‘turn around’ the lives of the 120,000 most troubled families in England by 2015. Troubled families are characterised as those who ‘have’ problems and ‘cause’ problems to those around them. Troubled Families can be viewed as a ‘wicked problem’ in the sense that the issues surrounding these families tend to be reconceptualised regularly and re-solved differently, depending on changes in government. The article critically reviews the evidence base for the overall approach of the programme and the way the scale and nature of the issue is understood. It debates whether this is a case of evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence. Early indications are that behavioural change is likely to be achieved in some families (increased school attendance, reductions in anti-social behaviour and crime), but that addressing worklessness (a key focus of the programme) presents the biggest challenge. An even bigger challenge is helping families to find work that will move them out of poverty. The article draws on ongoing research in two contrasting local authorities implementing the programme. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 631-649 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.971732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.971732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:631-649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_995263_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.995263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.995263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:35:y:2014:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981055_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John Halligan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Halligan Author-Name: Richard Hu Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Hu Title: Knowing the past for a better future: an introduction to the special issue on Centenary Canberra Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981054_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John Halligan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Halligan Title: Governance in a hybrid system: designing and institutionalising the Australian Capital Territory Abstract: The ACT embraces, to an unusual extent, different even contradictory principles. As a city-state, its institutions combine the roles of local and state government. It adheres to the Westminster system with its division of powers between the legislature and the branches, yet the division is somewhat fluid, and the structure is in some respects municipalised. The ACT also operates as the capital city for the Australian nation, which entails shared responsibilities with the Commonwealth for some purposes; retention of the status of a territory rather than a state within the federation and recognition of municipal functions but not local governance. This unlikely fusion of elements has been argued to produce a hybrid system of governance, which makes for tensions between principles of governance and a mix of opportunities and challenges including questions of capacity that derive from both the scale and the organisation of government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 4-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:4-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981061_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jenny Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Shirley Lithgow Author-X-Name-First: Shirley Author-X-Name-Last: Lithgow Title: Problems and prospects in community engagement in urban planning and decision-making: three case studies from the Australian Capital Territory Abstract: Community engagement, both in general and in relation to planning matters, is a widely held value of modern governance. In Australia, community engagement is mandated at local government level across a wide range of policy and administrative issues, from health, to transport, to city planning. Numerous studies have, however, found that the reality falls well short of the ideal of meaningful citizen input into decision-making. Cases where government-sponsored processes have ‘made a difference’ are difficult to find. The reasons for this apparent failure have proved difficult to identify in detail. As a planned city with a highly educated population, Canberra should be a prime site for the involvement of citizens in many aspects of urban planning. The reality is that community engagement remains at the lower end of the scale of collaborative governance. Addressing this issue has led us to probe the nature of Australian Capital Territory governance and the developing contours of power in the city. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 18-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:18-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981053_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Robert Freestone Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Freestone Author-Name: Ilan Wiesel Author-X-Name-First: Ilan Author-X-Name-Last: Wiesel Title: Privatisation, property and planning: the remaking of Canberra Airport Abstract: This article examines the story of Canberra Airport's transformation from a dilapidated aviation facility to a world-class small ‘airport city’ juxtaposing aeronautical and non-aeronautical land uses with a critical focus on the tensions with established planning and corporate institutions. The analysis is framed within five main discourses: the global entrepreneurial turn in airport development towards mixed use precincts; neoliberal government policies welcoming private investment and management within the public sphere and notably airport privatisation from the mid-1990s; the rise of airport real estate markets and the singular role of a local development company in the case of Canberra; a new governance regime privileging the commonality of federal privatised airports, but excluding state, territory and local determinations; and the specificity of the setting of Canberra as a national capital and city having to adapt to the dynamic impacts of a new development typology. The comprehensive redevelopment of Canberra Airport since the late 1990s highlights both strengths and shortcomings in public policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981058_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Richard Hu Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Hu Title: Canberra's competitiveness in the national context Abstract: Canberra occupies a unique position in the Australian urban landscape. It is the national capital and the largest inland city. Internationally and at home, it is also known as a planned city. This study moves beyond the entrenched perception of Canberra as a planned capital city. It situates Canberra in the Australian urban system through the lens of a new model of urban competitiveness that incorporates dimensions of productivity, sustainability and liveability. Through benchmarking Canberra's progress against other Australian major cities, the results provide a comprehensive understanding of Canberra's competitiveness in the national context. They identify Canberra's competitive strength and weakness, and provide evidence-based implications for policy-making towards a productive, sustainable and liveable Canberra and its enhanced competitiveness. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 55-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981058 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981058 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:55-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981059_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Hitomi Nakanishi Author-X-Name-First: Hitomi Author-X-Name-Last: Nakanishi Title: How does urban policy influence quality of life? The case of Canberra, Australia Abstract: The centennial city of Canberra, the Australian capital, has been developed following stringent planning concepts to deliver liveable neighbourhoods. The built environment of Canberra was strongly influenced by the Garden City concept in the early days and the New Town Development model in the 1960s and 1970s. While enhancing quality of life (QoL) is increasingly emphasised in urban planning, little empirical research has been done to assess how urban planning underpins this better QoL. This research examines the relationship between urban policy and QoL in Canberra by applying an integrated policy evaluation tool. The neighbourhoods of Canberra have been divided into seven districts for spatial analysis. The QoL level in each district was compared and the Belconnen and Tuggeranong districts were identified as achieving a lower QoL than other districts. Key indicators that were closely linked with the QoL level in these districts were identified. Using scenario analysis, the article identifies the changes to QoL in the two districts which could result from improving these key factors. The article proposes a method of mapping the interdisciplinary issues with the related urban policy and concludes with the implications for urban planning and further analysis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 72-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981059 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981059 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:72-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_981062_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Robert Tanton Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Tanton Author-Name: Yogi Vidyattama Author-X-Name-First: Yogi Author-X-Name-Last: Vidyattama Author-Name: Itismita Mohanty Author-X-Name-First: Itismita Author-X-Name-Last: Mohanty Title: Disadvantage in the Australian Capital Territory Abstract: At a state and territory level, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has the highest average income and the lowest levels of disadvantage compared to all other states and territories in Australia. However, a state- and territory-based measure hides disadvantage at the local level by averaging out any disadvantaged areas with the less-disadvantaged areas. A spatial analysis of disadvantage can highlight where people are experiencing disadvantage, and can help inform the government's response to disadvantaged and marginalised people. This article shows that there is suburb-level disadvantage in the ACT, primarily due to housing costs. However, we also find that using the Socio-economic Index for Individuals (SEIFI), there are even disadvantaged households in less-disadvantaged ACT suburbs, and these disadvantaged households do not show up in the suburb-level data due to the averaging of advantaged with disadvantaged households within a suburb. This is particularly so in the ACT due to a policy of peppering public housing (where many disadvantaged people live) within less-disadvantaged neighbourhoods (commonly called mixed tenure). We argue that this mixed tenure policy means that area-based service provision may not be as efficient in the ACT, and that the ACT Government policy of providing services from town centres is an appropriate response. We also argue that due to the higher cost of living in the ACT, the onset of financial stress can be very fast if the main income earner loses a job. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 92-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.981062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.981062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:1:p:92-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_996934_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jay Wiggan Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Wiggan Title: Varieties of marketisation in the UK: examining divergence in activation markets between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2008–2014 Abstract: This article examines the sub-national diversity in activation quasi-markets in the United Kingdom (UK). Through comparison of four active labour market programmes in Great Britain and Northern Ireland between 2008 and 2014, the article clarifies and maps intra-UK diversity in employment service governance and unpacks the shifting configurations of market structures in each jurisdiction to reveal a temporally and spatially distinct patterning of marketisation. Drawing on Gingrich's approach to analysis and classification of quasi-market variation, the article proposes that between 2008 and 2014, Great Britain rapidly evolved a provider-directed activation market. In contrast, the activation market structure in Northern Ireland, up to late 2014, is better characterised as state directed. A recent reconfiguration of the activation market in Northern Ireland does however indicate some (modified) convergence on Great Britain's approach. One common and consistent feature of the configuration of activation markets in each jurisdiction is the few powers given to direct users of employment services to shape contracted out provision. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.996934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.996934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:115-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1000843_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Malcolm G. Bird Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm G. Author-X-Name-Last: Bird Title: Canadian state-owned enterprises: a framework for analyzing the evolving Crowns Abstract: Despite the privatization of many state-owned enterprises (SOEs), Canadian governments continue to own and operate numerous Crown corporations in a host of different sectors. Drawing its conclusions from the evolution of six Canadian Crowns, this article will explain both why these firms continue to exist in the public sphere as well as examine how their governance and organizational condition(s) have changed. With one exception, these firms have drastically modernized all aspects of their operations such that they are able to meet the needs of their citizen customers, various stakeholders and, most critically, their single shareholders. Historically imposed institutional variables, the political and policy needs of their respective owners and constraints on the decision-making powers of Canadian governments are key factors for understanding the continued public ownership and institutional development of these SOEs. Canada's limited adoption of New Public Management concepts and neoliberalism, more generally, is an additional pertinent factor that helps to explain their continued presence in the economy as well as the relatively late implementation of modernization programs. Some final thoughts on the value of SOEs and state intervention more generally round out the article. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 133-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000843 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000843 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:133-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1000844_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Bruce Stone Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Stone Title: Accountability and the design of an anticorruption agency in a parliamentary democracy Abstract: This article explores the institutional requirements of accountability for an anticorruption agency in a parliamentary democracy. It suggests that approaching public accountability as ‘the satisfaction of legitimate expectations about the use of discretion’ is useful in understanding or designing an accountability regime for such a powerful agency requiring independence from the executive. The approach facilitates identification of a variety of stakeholders and a range of institutional means by which their legitimate expectations may be satisfied. Despite the recognition, in consequence, of multiple agents and channels of accountability, parliament must remain central to the accountability regime and can achieve this through an appropriately designed oversight committee. Examination of a selected Australian agency, the Western Australian Corruption and Crime Commission, provides support for these propositions. Particular controversies involving this agency are used to demonstrate the requirements of a parliamentary oversight committee, and that independent review of determinations of misconduct, as well as appropriately regulated public hearings where there is a strong public interest in matters under investigation, are important elements of public accountability for an anticorruption agency. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 157-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:157-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1000845_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Daniel Béland Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Béland Author-Name: Alex Waddan Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Waddan Title: Breaking down ideas and institutions: the politics of tax policy in the USA and the UK Abstract: As the existing comparative policy literature suggests, both ideational and institutional analyses have clear analytical value in their own terms but, under many circumstances, it is the combination of the two perspectives that allows for a full understanding of policy trajectories. In this article we suggest that, to improve our understanding of how ideas and institutions interact to produce change, it is important to break down these two overly broad concepts. This is because beyond general arguments about how ‘ideas’ and ‘institutions’ interact, students of public policy should itemize ‘ideas’ and ‘institutions’ into more focused, and empirically traceable, subcategories while recognizing the changing and contingent nature of their interaction, over time. To illustrate this, we turn to the politics of tax policy in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, tracking developments from the rise of the New Right and an aggressive income tax cutting agenda, personified by President Reagan and Prime Minister Thatcher, through to the revived debate about the legitimacy of increasing taxes on those earning the highest incomes that emerged in the era of austerity that followed the Great Recession of 2008. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 176-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000845 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:176-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1000846_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Henrik Bang Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Bang Author-Name: Mads Dagnis Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Mads Dagnis Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Title: ‘We the People’ versus ‘We the Heads of States’: the debate on the democratic deficit of the European Union Abstract: The Eurozone crisis has rekindled the debate on the democratic deficit of the European Union (EU). In this paper, the debate is reconsidered by contrasting the modus vivendi of ‘We the People’ in the USA with the modus vivendi of ‘We the Heads of States’ in the EU. It is demonstrated that many of the solutions to the alleged democratic deficit focus on how more voice can be given to ‘We the People’ on the input side, but that this goes against the functional logic of the EU system, thereby undermining its ability to govern. Instead, we argue that more attention should be given to how to increase output legitimacy, and a number of proposals are put forward. Such a reshuffling of the analytical focus is the best way forward to escape the current impasse in the debate on how to ‘fix’ democracy in the EU. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 196-216 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:196-216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1000847_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kristof De Witte Author-X-Name-First: Kristof Author-X-Name-Last: De Witte Author-Name: Chris Van Klaveren Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Van Klaveren Author-Name: Anton J.H. Smets Author-X-Name-First: Anton J.H. Author-X-Name-Last: Smets Title: Can cities be held responsible for early school leaving? Evidence from the Netherlands Abstract: This paper examines if ‘naming and shaming’ is an effective tool to increase accountability in school dropout for cities with disadvantaged student populations. It argues that a comparison with other cities might be unfair if regional and population characteristics differ. It discusses the example of two Dutch new towns. The new town policy deliberately attracted low- and medium-income households in the past, such that today the population of those cities differs from other cities. We use a matching analysis to account for observed differences in population and regional characteristics. The results point out that ‘naming and shaming’ may be a dangerous policy to increase accountability: early school leaving differences are driven, to a large extent, by observed differences in population and regional characteristics. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 217-239 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:2:p:217-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065969_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Selen A. Ercan Author-X-Name-First: Selen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ercan Author-Name: John S. Dryzek Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Dryzek Title: The reach of deliberative democracy Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 241-248 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065969 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065969 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:241-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065967_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jennifer Dodge Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Dodge Title: The deliberative potential of civil society organizations: framing hydraulic fracturing in New York Abstract: Civil society organizations play myriad roles in democracies. Scholars are beginning to pay more attention to their deliberative potential, rethinking whether or not and how they may broaden and enrich public deliberation. Drawing on a discursive approach to deliberative democracy that focuses on interpretive practices, this article analyzes the deliberative potential of a range of civil society organizations in the controversy over hydraulic fracturing in New York State in the USA. It finds that civil society organizations compete to frame hydraulic fracturing as environmental risk, landowner rights, economic opportunity and/or clean energy. The lack of a shared frame has resulted in political gridlock. On the surface the gridlock appears dysfunctional, but may have enhanced deliberative democracy by highlighting ‘frontiers of disagreement’ in the case. In addition, two distinct rhetorical spaces have begun to emerge with potential to resolve these conflicts but with different effects: one focusing on negotiating regulations and the other on developing a local vision of economic and energy development. The influence of these spaces – and thus civil society actors – has been uneven affecting who becomes part of the official conversation. This analysis contributes to deliberative democracy scholarship by clarifying what I call a discursive function of deliberative democracy, and how it reveals the relationships between conflict and reflexivity in public deliberation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 249-266 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:249-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065970_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Fabrino Author-X-Name-Last: Mendonça Author-Name: Selen A. Ercan Author-X-Name-First: Selen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ercan Title: Deliberation and protest: strange bedfellows? Revealing the deliberative potential of 2013 protests in Turkey and Brazil Abstract: Deliberation and protest have usually been understood as two mutually exclusive ways of practicing democracy. It has been argued that protests, due to their adversarial nature, and orientation toward conflict would hinder, rather than enhance, the prospects for deliberation. The recent cycle of protests, including the Arab Spring, Indignados and Occupy Wall Street, has however shown that contentious politics do not necessarily stand in opposition to the idea of deliberative democracy. On the contrary, these protests feature important deliberative qualities. In this article, we seek to identify the deliberative dimension of the recent wave of protests. We do so through a close analysis of theoretical approaches in democratic theory and by drawing on the 2013 protests in Brazil and Turkey. We show that deliberative democracy is not antithetical to conflicts and agonism generated by protests. In fact, protests constitute an integral part of public deliberation, especially when the latter is understood in broader terms, in terms of public conversation that occurs in multiple sites of communication. We argue that the deliberative dimension of the aforementioned protests is manifested in: (i) how they were organized, (ii) how they were carried out and (iii) what they have achieved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 267-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:267-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065968_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Charles Girard Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Girard Title: Making democratic contestation possible: public deliberation and mass media regulation Abstract: While recent democratic theory has insisted upon the contestability of public policies as a key source of democratic legitimacy, the role mass media should play in fostering public contestation has yet to be specified. The role of deliberative theory in particular should be to try to identify which standards mass communication needs to meet in order to provide a general forum for democratic contestation. This article focuses on the theoretical foundations of such a project. It puts forward three claims. First, the contestability of public policy can only be a source of democratic legitimacy if citizens have the opportunity to participate in public contestation through – among other forums – a general public forum that is endowed with a deliberative dimension. Second, media pluralism alone is insufficient in providing such a public forum: both external standards (related to the independence of mass media) and internal standards (related to the norms guiding media practices) need to be satisfied. Third, and as a consequence of the preceding two, the democratic contestability of public policies presupposes effective mass media regulation that goes beyond the promotion of media pluralism. Democratic contestation requires more than a ‘marketplace of ideas’. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 283-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:283-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065965_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ian O'Flynn Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: O'Flynn Author-Name: Nicole Curato Author-X-Name-First: Nicole Author-X-Name-Last: Curato Title: Deliberative democratization: a framework for systemic analysis Abstract: In the transition literature, ‘free and fair elections’ is often treated as the most important indicator of democratic quality. In this paper, however, we argue that ‘free deliberation among equals’ is in many respects a more telling measure. On the face of it, this argument might strike one as implausible. After all, the decisive moment in many transitions is the signing of a pact between elements in the government and opposition who are more concerned to protect their own interests than to explain themselves to others. Yet while pacts may not be particularly deliberative, they still occasion a great deal of deliberation across society as a whole. We argue that the different sites where deliberation occurs can be understood as forming a deliberative system. To give substance to this idea, we then outline a systemic framework that may be used to describe and evaluate the deliberative capacity of transitional regimes. Finally, we turn to the cases of Venezuela and Poland to illustrate the empirical application of this approach. Both transitions were founded on a pact. Yet differences in the nature of those pacts and the broader deliberative systems in which they were located tell us a lot about where those countries are today. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 298-313 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:298-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065966_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John Boswell Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Boswell Title: Toxic narratives in the deliberative system: how the ghost of Nanny stalks the obesity debate Abstract: The deliberative systems' account makes room for all sorts of communication and action that the classical account of deliberative democracy excluded. But should this leniency also extend to the representation of toxic narratives which aggressively oppose expertise and vilify marginalised groups? This comparative analysis explores the implications of marginalising such narratives from empowered sites of policy advice and formation. It contrasts the more restrictive Australian obesity debate, where the toxic, anti-Nanny State narrative on this issue has become taboo, with the more permissive British one, where this narrative is aired more fully throughout the deliberative system. The findings show that wider and deeper expression of the anti-Nanny State narrative in the UK has a number of net deliberative and democratic benefits. Such expression forces experts and other political actors to engage with different sorts of rationalities, enables the transformation and moderation of claims associated with this narrative to meet the dignified norms associated with empowered sites, and ultimately works to reinforce the legitimacy of political decision-making on this issue. These findings make the case for enabling representation of toxic narratives, albeit in filtered or dignified form, right across deliberative systems to empowered sites. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 314-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065966 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:314-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065964_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: George Vasilev Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev Title: Minority rights activism beyond borders: the synergies between deliberation and strategic action Abstract: This article conceptualises the influence at play in the cross-border promotion of minority rights, and offers insights into how this influence can be strengthened and made more principled. In the international socialisation literature, such influence tends to be analysed through competing explanatory and normative frames centred on strategic action and deliberation. However, I contend the enactment of egalitarian institutional change frequently involves a productive interplay between each mode of action, with cost–benefit calculations enhancing communicative reasoning, and vice versa. Moreover, while the success-oriented behaviour of strategic action represents a departure from the deliberative tenet that political outcomes should emerge through an assessment of what everyone could reasonably accept, I contend strategic action can still be justified from a deliberative standpoint whenever it compels actors in positions of strength to be receptive to the claims of actors in positions of weakness. I illustrate these arguments through the case study of minority rights activism, discussing the transnational pathways for rights reform within the context of the EU and beyond. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 329-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065964 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065964 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:329-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065963_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Douglas A. Chalmers Author-X-Name-First: Douglas A. Author-X-Name-Last: Chalmers Title: Decision networks and quasi-citizens: who deliberates, where? Abstract: This article argues that the focus on deliberative politics in a state polity reveals two often overlooked facts about where politics takes place and who is participating in it. Recognition of these facts suggests the polity is more adaptable to new situations than usually conceived and suggest unusual and demanding requirements for democracy. The article suggest considering two important elements of democratic politics: decision networks, and quasi-citizens. (1) Decision networks are composed of networks of stakeholders, experts and authoritative decision-makers. Deliberative democracy depends heavily on what happens in these ad hoc decision networks. (2) Quasi-citizens: the people whose interests and perspectives count in a democracy is not a single group defined by citizenship. Deliberation frequently involves non-citizens not just as objects of policy, but as individuals and groups whose interests and interactions have to be taken into account – that is, are represented – in the process of making law and policy. Like citizens, their cooperation and judgment that state actions are legitimate are often required for law or policy to be effective. The article suggests changing the norm of rule by ‘the people’ to rule by ‘all those affected’. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 345-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065963 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065963 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:345-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1065971_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Selen A. Ercan Author-X-Name-First: Selen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ercan Author-Name: John S. Dryzek Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Dryzek Title: Conclusion: the reach of deliberative democracy Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 359-361 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1065971 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:3:p:359-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073248_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Alex de Ruyter Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: de Ruyter Title: Plant closures, precariousness and policy responses: Revisiting MG Rover 10 years on Abstract: With automotive plants being closed in Australia and western Europe, this article reflects on the employment status of ex-MG Rover (MGR) workers following the closure of the Longbridge plant in 2005. In particular, it draws on Standing's typology of labour market insecurity and uses a mixed-methods approach including an analysis of a longitudinal survey of some 200 ex-MGR workers, and in-depth interviews with ex-workers and policy-makers. While the policy response to the closure saw significant successes in terms of the great majority of workers successfully adjusting into re-employment, and with positive findings in terms of re-training and education, the paper finds significant challenges in terms of security of employment, income, job quality and representation at work years after closure. In particular, the paper posits that the general lack of attention to employment security at the macrolevel effectively undermined elements of a positive policy response over the longer run. This in turn suggests longer-term policy measures are required to address aspects of precariousness at work. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 363-383 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:4:p:363-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073244_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Benjamen F Gussen Author-X-Name-First: Benjamen F Author-X-Name-Last: Gussen Title: Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability? Abstract: This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 384-398 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:4:p:384-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073245_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eun-Sung Kim Author-X-Name-First: Eun-Sung Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: Governance struggles in the case of Camp Carroll conflict Abstract: This research examines the multifaceted governance struggles associated with the alleged burial of Agent Orange at Camp Carroll in Chilgok County, Korea. To deal with this incident, the Korea central government forms bureaucratic conflict management system, which can be characterised as a joint response system, a one-voice system for press briefing, and an intergovernmental joint supporting group. However, this system conflicts with the participatory governance of local governments and civic society. This research explores why the Korean central government's bureaucratic conflict management prevails over the participatory governance of local governments and environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs). It argues that the Status of Forces Agreement between Korea and the USA provides the Korean central government with a reason to curb the participation of local governments and environment NGOs in the governance of Camp Carroll conflict. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 399-416 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073245 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073245 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:4:p:399-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073246_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Phil Ryan Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan Title: Positivism: paradigm or culture? Abstract: Much post-positivist policy theory implies that positivism exists as a self-protecting paradigm. Inspired by a one-sided reading of Kuhn, this understanding suggests that policy positivism must be overcome as a whole. This approach is problematic. In particular, there are important contradictions between various elements commonly said to be part of the positivist paradigm, contradictions that make it difficult to believe that the paradigm can be embraced as a whole. An alternative approach views positivism as a culture. Since components of any culture can evolve independently of each other, a cultural approach would focus its critique on specific dimensions of positivism. This approach would provide more rigor to policy critique, and push post-positivists to overcome weaknesses in their own theories, in particular those concerning the question of truth. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 417-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:4:p:417-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073247_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Brenton Prosser Author-X-Name-First: Brenton Author-X-Name-Last: Prosser Author-Name: Richard Denniss Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Denniss Title: Minority government and marginal members: new issues for political and policy legitimacy in Australia Abstract: A steady decline in major party support in Commonwealth nations has resulted in changing parliamentary compositions, including the growing prevalence of minority government. Such situations pose new questions for notions of government legitimacy within Westminster systems. For instance, is negotiation with cross-benchers an example of government illegitimacy? What is the legitimate role of non-ministerial members when the composition of parliament gives them the final say on the enabling legislation for public policy? What is the legitimate response of the public sector regarding policy-making in the context of minority government? In this paper, we reflect on how a ‘marginal member’ concept can provide new insights into such issues and their implications. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 434-450 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073247 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073247 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:4:p:434-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1091067_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Josefina Erikson Author-X-Name-First: Josefina Author-X-Name-Last: Erikson Title: Ideas and actors in policy processes: where is the interaction? Abstract: Several influential frameworks in the field of policy analysis explicitly acknowledge that the role of ideas is as important as the role of actors in analyzing and understanding policy and policy change. An issue of principal interest in this body of literature concerns the interaction between ideas and actors. This article argues that, regardless of important contributions from previous research, the literature can be enriched by new analytical tools that further our understanding of the complex interplay between ideas and actors in policy-making. The article outlines a dynamic approach to policy analysis, which has proven fruitful in producing high quality empirical research in a Swedish case of policy on prostitution. Three new analytical dimensions are specified and operationalized: (1) the political institutionalization of frames, analyzing how the influence and content of ideas change over space and time in policy-making; (2) the mechanisms of institutionalization and assignment of jurisdiction through which ideas become part of the political context and work restricting and enabling for actors; and (3) risk-taking and limitation as unintended consequences of actors' involvement and strategic action in the construction of meaning. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 451-467 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1091067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1091067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:5:p:451-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1089983_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Gustav Lidén Author-X-Name-First: Gustav Author-X-Name-Last: Lidén Author-Name: Jon Nyhlén Author-X-Name-First: Jon Author-X-Name-Last: Nyhlén Author-Name: Sara Nyhlén Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Nyhlén Title: Forced cooperation from above: the case of Sweden's establishment reform Abstract: In December 2010, significant parts of Swedish integration policy were changed. Through the ‘establishment reform’, a centralization was implemented in which the national level overtook the responsibility of municipalities for the establishment of newly arrived immigrants. In today's system, the responsibility is shared between several authorities, the municipalities, and publicly financed private actors. Recent governmental reports have described the current situation as being characterized by coordination problems and shortcomings in accountability. This policy creates an institutional landscape that spans both vertical and horizontal dimensions, reflecting several levels of the public administration and actors that originate from several sectors. The purpose of this article is to explore the governance of Swedish integration policy, with a theoretical focus derived from the ideal types of hierarchy, market, and network. We examine one Swedish region in which parts of the establishment reform were applied as a pilot project before being applied to the rest of Sweden. The theoretically driven results are unexpected in that they reveal traits of governance steering but also of top-down perspectives and restrictions for involved actors in a way that counteracts theoretical logics. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 468-486 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1089983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1089983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:5:p:468-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1089984_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Francis Garon Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Garon Title: Policy-making for immigration and integration in Québec: degenerative politics or business as usual? Abstract: Policy Design Theory (PDT) predicts that the distribution of the costs and benefits of governmental intervention depends on the social construction and level of power of target groups. The case of Québec, Canada, which recently went through acrimonious policy debates on immigration and integration issues, does not correspond to this pattern. Degenerative politics – that is, the stigmatization of powerless groups and an unequal distribution of the costs and benefits of governmental intervention to the detriment of the most vulnerable – did not occur even if the conditions were seemingly in place to produce it. Using Québec as a ‘most likely’ case, I show that the policy-making sphere remained immune to the degenerative dynamics that took hold in the media and the legislature. More precisely, I argue that three interrelated factors explain the results: past policies and their unintended consequences, an implementation structure committed to the needs of immigrants, and the specific incentive structure facing political actors. The results question the transferability of PDT outside of the institutional setting of the USA, where it was first developed and applied. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 487-506 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1089984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1089984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:5:p:487-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1089985_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kerry Edward Howell Author-X-Name-First: Kerry Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Howell Author-Name: Rory Shand Author-X-Name-First: Rory Author-X-Name-Last: Shand Title: Leadership and culture in the Welsh Assembly: investigating path-dependency Abstract: This study of the developing Welsh Assembly (WA) provides a unique opportunity to comprehend how the values and public statements of a democratic institution's initial and ongoing leadership develop its structure and culture. We track the evolution of a new democratic institution and investigate relationships between leadership, path-dependency and cultural development. In this paper, Welsh Assembly Member (AM) leadership is analysed in relation to sources of path-dependency in the WA. Two sets of interviews and surveys provide AM perspectives of the Assembly in relation to the evolving leadership capability and institutional culture. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 507-521 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1089985 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1089985 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:5:p:507-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1109616_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Sadiya Akram Author-X-Name-First: Sadiya Author-X-Name-Last: Akram Title: Political participation and citizen engagement: beyond the mainstream Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 523-531 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1109616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1109616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:523-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1095283_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ariadne Vromen Author-X-Name-First: Ariadne Author-X-Name-Last: Vromen Author-Name: Brian D. Loader Author-X-Name-First: Brian D. Author-X-Name-Last: Loader Author-Name: Michael A. Xenos Author-X-Name-First: Michael A. Author-X-Name-Last: Xenos Title: Beyond lifestyle politics in a time of crisis?: comparing young peoples’ issue agendas and views on inequality Abstract: Contemporary research on young people and politics portrays their political engagement as: individualised not collectivist; issue-driven not ideology-driven and postmaterialist instead of materialist. This shift towards ‘lifestyle politics’ is assumed to be universal among young people, rather than shaped by traditional social cleavages and structures. This paper investigates these assumptions and asks whether young people's experience of national economic austerity and increasing material inequality shapes the everyday political issues they identify with, and how they understand inequality and the distribution of resources in their societies. The analysis is based on responses to an open-ended question on key political issues of importance, in surveys of representative samples of 1200 young people aged 16–29 in 3 countries: Australia, the UK and the USA. Afterwards, we conducted online discussion groups with 107 young people, in which they were asked to discuss changes in the nature of equality in their societies. The findings show that there is a complex interdependence between individualised, everyday understandings of economic change and an identity-based politics of equal rights. However, there are nuanced differences in understanding inequality, dependent on young people's national location and socioeconomic background. The implications these findings have for young people's future political engagement are discussed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 532-549 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1095283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1095283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:532-549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1095282_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Francesco Bailo Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Bailo Title: Mapping online political talks through network analysis: a case study of the website of Italy's Five Star Movement Abstract: Understanding relations among online users involved in political discussions can help us understand similarities and differences with corresponding offline interactions. Online communities generally demonstrate too high a level of homophily among users to be illustrative. But online political discussions do not necessarily prevent diversity of opinions. The discussion Forum of Italy's Five Star Movement provides an interesting case study because of the diverse political orientations of participants and the wide range of discussion topics. I apply network analysis to map in detail the relations among the Forum's users to unravel network characteristics and actor behaviours. After harvesting 86,943 discussions and 461,297 comments published by 84,203 unique users, I capture features of the network topology to understand: whether users participate in various discussions; if discussions fragment in multiple threads showing assortative mixing tendencies; and if comments concentrate around few discussions approaching a power-law like distribution. This paper aims to improve understanding of the argumentative political discourse, but has also applications for political institutions interested in enhancing computer-mediated public reasoning. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 550-572 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1095282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1095282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:550-572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1095879_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael J. Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Author-Name: Henrik Bang Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Bang Title: Digitally networked movements as problematization and politicization Abstract: This paper develops the concepts of politicization and problematization using two case studies from Spain. Politicization involves the process of interest articulation and demands for identity recognition whereas problematization concerns placing into question and taking action with respect to otherwise naturalized aspects of politics and society. These concepts are studied in the context of a demonstration by the Indignados as well as a general strike in Spain. The data analysis involves the collection and analysis of tweets produced in relation to both demonstrations using natural language processing. The results indicate a higher degree of calls for problematization during the Indiginados protest whereas there is more evidence of politicization during the general strike. These communications suggest that each movement engages politics on different terms with the Indignados embracing more of a problematization discourse centred on taking action and operating from within the political system whereas the unions have engaged in more of a politicization discourse aimed at petitioning political elites from outsize the political system and eschewing political action themselves. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 573-589 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1095879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1095879 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:573-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1073243_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Simon Tormey Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Tormey Author-Name: Ramón A. Feenstra Author-X-Name-First: Ramón A. Author-X-Name-Last: Feenstra Title: Reinventing the political party in Spain: the case of 15M and the Spanish mobilisations Abstract: The current political context in Spain is intriguing for those who study participation and political parties. The emergence of citizen activism, expressed mainly through the 15M Movement, and the political crisis of the two major political parties has led to a new and complex situation where new political parties flourish out of citizen initiatives. This paper analyses the nature and characteristics of these new political parties, and considers the impact that the proliferation of these parties is having on current democracies. The work is based on content analysis and field interviews involving almost a hundred activists and party members from three different Spanish cities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 590-606 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1073243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1073243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:590-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1095281_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Chou Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Chou Author-Name: Jean-Paul Gagnon Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnon Author-Name: Lesley Pruitt Author-X-Name-First: Lesley Author-X-Name-Last: Pruitt Title: Putting participation on stage: examining participatory theatre as an alternative site for political participation Abstract: Participation, it has been said, is a central lynchpin of citizenship and democracy. Unfortunately, studies have shown for some time that political participation is on the decline in most Western democracies. Particularly for scholars and policy analysts who define political participation in democracy purely as voting, party membership or in terms of a narrow ‘arena’ definition of politics, the conclusion is clear: levels of political illiteracy are rising, while political participation is declining. Yet, the turn away from formal democratic politics and conventional forms of political participation is only one part of the picture. There is now an extensive literature suggesting a proliferation of new developments and alternative forms of political participation. But even as scholars have become more attuned to these new forms of political participation, the focus remains too narrow. Responding to Iris Marion Young's call to encourage alternative communicative forms in political participation, this article explores the capacity of participatory theatre to be an alternative site of political participation. By surveying three applications of participatory theatre, Jana Sanskriti, Journey of Asylum – Waiting and Betrayed – the article shows how theatre premised on spect-actors set against a communal backdrop can prefigure a more participatory political community. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 607-622 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1095281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1095281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:607-622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1095284_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pia Rowe Author-X-Name-First: Pia Author-X-Name-Last: Rowe Title: MamaBakers as Everyday Makers: the political is personal Abstract: Henrik Bang's concept of the Everyday Maker as a new type of political identity has been increasingly utilised in empirical research across a wide range of settings. In an age with numerous accounts of the changing nature of political participation, Bang's framework enables a critical investigation of contemporary participation. Although one of the key defining characteristics of the Everyday Maker is that their activity often occurs outside the formal political sphere, there is no empirical work to date which uses Bang's frame to examine gendered activities which appear private and social, with no obvious connections to the ‘political’. To address this omission, this article explores women's participation in an Australian community group, MamaBake using the Everyday Maker framework to provide an alternative reading of what might be termed personalised politics. The article argues that the new type of political identity, is also prevalent in the social context, and demonstrates why this is relevant to the study of political participation. It also challenges the idea that the new forms are increasingly characterised by ‘engagement norms’. The data for the case study research is drawn from a survey of the MamaBake members, and interviews with the real life participants. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 623-639 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1095284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1095284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:623-639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1113246_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Sadiya Akram Author-X-Name-First: Sadiya Author-X-Name-Last: Akram Title: In conclusion Abstract: The aim of this volume has been to present examples of work on political participation drawn from what we have termed a critical perspective. Here, we shall not summarise these contributions, rather our aim is briefly, given space constraints, to highlight some of the issues at stake in this literature and, given that, in our view, the changes in contemporary forms of political participation identified here represent significant challenges for democracy to suggest possible ways forward. We begin with a brief resume of the changing patterns of political participation, perhaps best summed up as decoupling of political authorities and citizens. Subsequently, we turn to the question of how they can be recoupled them. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 640-643 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1113246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1113246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:640-643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1140624_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1140624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1140624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:36:y:2015:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1103846_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chay Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Chay Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Author-Name: Tim Vorley Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Vorley Author-Name: Nick Williams Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: The role of civic leadership in fostering economic resilience in City Regions Abstract: This paper examines the role of civic leadership in fostering economic resilience in City Regions. Extant research on resilience has examined ‘economic’ factors. This paper adds to the academic discourse by considering how effective leadership shapes economic development within sub-national economies. Through a case study of the Sheffield City Region (SCR), UK, the paper considers the role of civic leadership in enabling Local Enterprise Partnerships to work collaboratively to foster resilience. The paper finds that while civic leadership is emergent in the SCR, it holds potential to foster economic resilience by bringing together the public, private and third sectors to develop locally informed strategies. The paper concludes with implications for governance issues in City Regions and how the challenges and impacts of civic leadership may be assessed over time. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1103846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1103846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1103847_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kyoo-Man Ha Author-X-Name-First: Kyoo-Man Author-X-Name-Last: Ha Title: Dynamics of emergency management in the Gangwon province, Korea Abstract: While fully utilizing the principles of international emergency management, the objective of this article was to evaluate the present local emergency management of the Gangwon province in relation to its future requirements, and ultimately, to arrive at the most effective emergency-management plan. In doing so, both reality-oriented and risk-oriented approaches were compared via four key players or stakeholders, namely the local governments, military forces, local industries, and semi-volunteers and households. Literature review and interviews with national experts were utilized as the methodology for this study. The contribution of this paper is valuable, because the case of the Gangwon province was examined, for the first time, using international criteria. The key finding is that for best practices, the Gangwon province has to change its reality-oriented approach to a risk-oriented approach. Furthermore, the evaluation of the Gangwon province's policies following international emergency-management examples may result to improvements on the non-linear dynamics of local emergency management and facilitate transformation toward a risk-oriented approach in neighboring countries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 17-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1103847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1103847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:1:p:17-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1107959_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yanzhe Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Yanzhe Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: Learning by doing: the case of administrative policy transfer in China Abstract: This article explores of the role of policy transfer in facilitating the rise and consolidation of the ‘Reform and Open Door Policy' in China. It builds upon the seminal Dolowitz and Marsh [Dolowitz, D., and D. Marsh. 1996. “Who Learns What From Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature.” Political Studies 44: 343–357; Dolowitz, D., and D. Marsh. 2000. “Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making.” Governance 13 (1): 5–23] framework to provide an examination of processes of administrative policy transfer which it argues are broadly indicative of the dynamics of change underpinning the incremental process of reform. It is observed that the reforms under study have not been characterized by rational policy design underpinned by evidence-based policy-making in which issues of cultural assimilation were emphasized. Rather, the implementation process itself has been used to affect processes of adaptation. Policy transfer in China can best be described as learning by doing. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1107959 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1107959 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:1:p:35-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1108400_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Boon Seng Tan Author-X-Name-First: Boon Seng Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Title: On comparing cost of living of cities using expatriate price survey Abstract: Commercial cost of living indexes, which are nominal Laspeyres price indexes derived from expatriate price surveys, are increasingly used in policy debate. However, these indexes contain two systematic errors – (1) using nominal exchange rate, instead of the purchasing power parity equivalent, cause upward biases in high income cities and (2) using a fixed basket causes upward biases in cities with different consumption pattern – that make them unfit for the purpose of policy debate if the errors are serious enough. Using a real Fisher index corrects these systemic errors. We showed high congruence in pair-wise comparison between these two indexes, but substantial differences in ranking arising from the systematic errors. Commercial indexes are useful for designing expatriate compensation, but we need a real Fisher index to calculate and rank the cost of living among cities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 53-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1108400 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1108400 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:1:p:53-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1108402_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christopher Kevin Walker Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Neoliberalism and the reform of regulation policy in the Australian trucking sector: policy innovation or a repeat of known pitfalls? Abstract: This study explores the influences of neoliberalism on the design and operation of regulation policy in the Australian trucking sector. It examines the introduction of a programme of voluntary self-regulation and considers why despite known weaknesses, regulators persist with such policy reforms. The study draws on qualitative research involving representatives of policy and regulatory agencies as well as industry participants. The analysis examines the role of markets in directing truck operator interest towards public policy compliance objectives. This generates a diversity of responses from firms ranging from willing compliance to deceptive ritualism. The findings reveal how voluntary self-regulation appeals to some segments of industry and how in this case it also signals a shift in regulatory culture, facilitating a new and more engaging dialogue between industry and regulators around compliance and safety concerns. This study shows that advances in industry-regulator engagement help explain why neoliberal policy influences are often readily embraced by regulatory agencies. Here, we see how programmes of voluntary self-regulation present both symbolic and substantive value for key policy actors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 72-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1108402 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1108402 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:1:p:72-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1108401_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Author-Name: Karen Broadley Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Broadley Title: Transparency and ‘uncomfortable knowledge’ in child protection Abstract: Australia's child protection systems and the provision of out-of-home care, in particular, have been subject to sustained criticism for decades from dozens of official inquiries and reviews. It is now well established that many children in state care are treated significantly less well than required by relevant legal frameworks and community standards. Much attention and significant resources have been directed toward trying to ameliorate this ‘wicked problem’ and yet it continues. This article focuses on one reason the problems persists, namely the secrecy and closed cultures that characterize relevant organizations which reinforce strategies of denial that avoid acknowledging or dealing with ‘uncomfortable knowledge’. It is a situation many people in child protection systems confront. It is, for example, when we know abuse is taking place, or when they see or are ourselves party to corrupt or negligent practices. It is knowing that important ethical principles are being abrogated. We draw on recent official reports and inquiries noting the repeated calls for greater transparency and independent oversight. An argument is made for a default position of total transparency subject to caveats that protect privacy and any investigation underway. An account of what this can look like is offered. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 93-112 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1108401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1108401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:2:p:93-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1115829_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Graham Room Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Room Title: Nudge or nuzzle? Improving decisions about active citizenship Abstract: In recent years ‘nudge’ has come into fashion as a form of policy intervention, under the inspiration of behavioural economics. It has encouraged policy analysts to move away from models of the ‘rational actor’ and instead to start from consumers, clients and citizens as they actually are. Nevertheless, nudge raises larger questions about public policy and the relationship between government and the citizen. This paper takes critical stock of nudge, offers an alternative in terms of ‘nuzzle’ and lays out the very different standpoint on policy to which this points. In doing so, it also puts in question the disciplinary paradigms which underpin ‘nudge’ in the scientific literature, and their underplaying of the social and institutional context of individual behaviour. It offers a perspective on public policy as providing security and supporting creativity: with government under critical scrutiny by citizens, rather than vice versa. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 113-128 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1115829 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1115829 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:2:p:113-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1118027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Biegelbauer Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Biegelbauer Title: How different forms of policy learning influence each other: case studies from Austrian innovation policy-making Abstract: This paper investigates the question whether different forms of policy learning influence each other. The focus is on relationships between different forms of policy learning, which are explored on the basis of case study research in the field of research, technology and innovation policy-making in Austria. Methods utilised are expert interviews and document analysis besides literature and media recherché. With the goal to better understand the mechanisms behind learning processes, different forms of knowledge utilisation are linked to organisation types. The analysis suggests that the introduction of radical policy innovations was possible because different forms of learning were mutually beneficial and enabled actors to reach their goals. Learning about how to obtain political goals provided opportunities to increase the leverage of learning on policy instruments and goals, whilst insights into policies from other countries were also utilised for political learning. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 129-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1118027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1118027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:2:p:129-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1127341_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tommaso Agasisti Author-X-Name-First: Tommaso Author-X-Name-Last: Agasisti Author-Name: Mara Soncin Author-X-Name-First: Mara Author-X-Name-Last: Soncin Author-Name: Riccardo Valenti Author-X-Name-First: Riccardo Author-X-Name-Last: Valenti Title: School factors helping disadvantaged students to succeed: empirical evidence from four Italian cities Abstract: This research investigates a particular category of disadvantaged students, namely those who are able to overcome a situation of socio-economical disadvantage and obtain good academic results (here named ‘resilient students’). We have used micro-data provided by the Italian National Evaluation Committee for Education and focused on class and school-level characteristics that help disadvantaged students to become resilient students when they move from primary (grade 5) to lower secondary school (grade 6), concentrating our analysis on four major cities. We employed a probit regression and a propensity score matching model, finding that class and school factors do matter. In particular, we looked at whether the performance of their peers has a positive impact on that of disadvantaged students, estimating the increased probability of these students becoming resilient. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 147-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1127341 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1127341 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:2:p:147-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144734_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jaana Hurri Author-X-Name-First: Jaana Author-X-Name-Last: Hurri Author-Name: Jari Vuori Author-X-Name-First: Jari Author-X-Name-Last: Vuori Author-Name: Joyce Liddle Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Liddle Author-Name: Pauline Allen Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: The impact of quasi-markets on processes and factors affecting the costs of contracting Abstract: The aim of this paper is to ascertain the impact of quasi-markets on contracting processes and factors affecting the costs of contracting in Finnish health care in the specific case of laboratory services. By means of a comparative case analysis, we ascertained the changes in organizational contracting practices and identified the actions affecting the transaction costs of contracting in the case of an autonomous municipal enterprise laboratory compared with the same laboratory as a hierarchically run municipal unit. The research was conducted during the years 2007–2011. The results suggest that introducing quasi-markets into laboratory services increased the cost factors of contracting; and had a negative impact on the laboratories’ willingness to create new market relationships. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 178-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:2:p:178-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1108399_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leonie J. Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Leonie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Author-Name: Samuel Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Yoshihisa Kashima Author-X-Name-First: Yoshihisa Author-X-Name-Last: Kashima Author-Name: Dean Lusher Author-X-Name-First: Dean Author-X-Name-Last: Lusher Author-Name: Craig J. Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Craig J. Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Title: Imagined past, present and futures in Murray–Darling Basin communities Abstract: Over the past three decades, irrigation-dependent rural communities in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin have experienced profound economic, social and environmental changes, which they are attempting to accommodate through local government policy. As a contribution to participatory policy design research, in consultation with local governments we carried out focus groups to explore diversity of individuals’ imagined past and present in two rural communities. This was followed by group development of a diverse range of future scenarios and agreement to three likely scenarios. The research identified presence or absence of three underlying themes – irrigation, innovation and inflow of people – that plausibly drive change in these rural communities. These themes are likely to be common to many rural communities that have depended on irrigated agriculture. They provide an example of participatory policy-making, as distinct from the historically employed top-down policy development that has occurred in the Murray–Darling Basin. Because of the diversity of perceptions of past, present and futures, and the ultimate adoption of business-as-usual within the final local government plans, the research emphasises the need to put effort into community deliberations to build cohesion and share ownership of the process for delivering locally nuanced community policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 197-215 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1108399 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1108399 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:3:p:197-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144735_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: J. Octavio Gutierrez-Garcia Author-X-Name-First: J. Octavio Author-X-Name-Last: Gutierrez-Garcia Author-Name: Luis-Felipe Rodríguez Author-X-Name-First: Luis-Felipe Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez Title: Social determinants of police corruption: toward public policies for the prevention of police corruption Abstract: Strategies for the prevention of police corruption, for example, bribery, commonly neglects its social dimension in spite of the fact that police corruption has societal causes and undertaking a reform of the police requires, to some extent, reforming society. In this paper, we built a decision tree from socioeconomic profiles of 103 countries classified according to their level of police corruption using data from the United Nations Statistics Division and Transparency International. From the rules of the resultant decision tree, we identified and analyzed social determinants of police corruption to assist policy-makers in designing societal level strategies to control police corruption by improving socioeconomic conditions. We found that school life expectancy, involvement of women in society, economic development, and work-related indicators are relevant to police corruption. Moreover, empirical results indicate that countries should gradually improve social indicators to reduce police corruption. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 216-235 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144735 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144735 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:3:p:216-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144736_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jorge P. Gordin Author-X-Name-First: Jorge P. Author-X-Name-Last: Gordin Title: Federalism and the politics of fiscal responsibility laws: Argentina and Brazil in comparative perspective Abstract: This article advances an institutionalist perspective to address a subset of issues that led to the relative success of Brazil and the absolute failure of Argentina in confronting the financial crisis of the late 1990s. It adds to the literature on the politics of fiscal federalism, documenting that fiscal crises prompt policy responses whose effects are mediated by institutional choice and the broader political dynamics and the incentives both generate. By analysing the adoption of fiscal responsibility laws in two federal polities that had been challenged by similar financial and territorially induced constraints, it tentatively shows that success in containing subnational fiscal profligacy, which has been causally related to the national overall financial weakness to confront the late 1990s crises, is contingent upon the internalisation of the value of fiscal responsibility by subnational administrations. These findings suggest that prevailing views on subnational actors as debt-ridden and passive spectators of fiscal policies for which national governments had taken full responsibility should be reconsidered. Given favourable institutional incentives, subnational interests are not necessarily incompatible with national programmes of fiscal adjustment and stability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 236-253 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:3:p:236-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1146245_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Maria Helena Guimarães Author-X-Name-First: Maria Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Guimarães Author-Name: Luis Catela Nunes Author-X-Name-First: Luis Catela Author-X-Name-Last: Nunes Author-Name: Ana Paula Barreira Author-X-Name-First: Ana Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Barreira Author-Name: Thomas Panagopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Panagopoulos Title: Residents’ preferred policy actions for shrinking cities Abstract: Cities facing a continued and prolonged process of population decline require innovative urban regeneration policies complementary to growth-oriented policies. Losing inhabitants involves a decrease in economic activity and social capital. Therefore citizens’ participation in defining policies to cope with population decline is being increasingly advocated. This research focused on four shrinking cities of Portugal to capture residents’ knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of their city of residence as well as the policies and actions they prioritized for dealing with the population decline. The responses from 701 questionnaires show that economic revival policies as well as safety and accessibility policies were preferred. To put these policies into action, the recovery of industrial activity, the creation of business incubators, an improvement in law enforcement, and public lighting were ranked as top priorities. Rank-ordered logistic regression models were used to understand which variables influenced the residents’ rankings. We found that the evaluation of the city's characteristics impact the ranking of the policies and actions. Hence, residents show a high level of coherence when engaging in a discussion at the level of policy-making. Therefore, the findings support residents’ involvement in decision-making processes regarding urban regeneration in shrinking cities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 254-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1146245 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1146245 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:3:p:254-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1146246_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Katarzyna Kopczewska Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna Author-X-Name-Last: Kopczewska Author-Name: Janusz Kudła Author-X-Name-First: Janusz Author-X-Name-Last: Kudła Author-Name: Konrad Walczyk Author-X-Name-First: Konrad Author-X-Name-Last: Walczyk Author-Name: Robert Kruszewski Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Kruszewski Author-Name: Agata Kocia Author-X-Name-First: Agata Author-X-Name-Last: Kocia Title: Spillover effects of taxes on government debt: a spatial panel approach Abstract: It is claimed that tax policy is neither time- nor space-independent due to cross-border tax base mobility, which induces spillovers. Specifically, fiscal shocks in one country are supposed to have an impact on fiscal policies in other countries. Different types of taxes influence economies differently. This paper addresses the question of their impact on government debt. Within a framework of spatial econometric modeling, we evaluate the impact of capital, labor and consumption taxes on public debt in 34 European countries in 2002–2011, and find strong spatial spillovers. We show that a consumption tax and, to a lesser degree, a capital tax significantly affect the sovereign debt, and that the global relations play a leading role (i.e. dominate the local ones) in shaping fiscal policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 274-293 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1146246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1146246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:3:p:274-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1146247_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Emilia Sicakova-Beblava Author-X-Name-First: Emilia Author-X-Name-Last: Sicakova-Beblava Author-Name: Miroslav Beblavy Author-X-Name-First: Miroslav Author-X-Name-Last: Beblavy Title: Using government manifestos to analyse the political salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia Abstract: In an innovative use of government manifestos, this paper examines the salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in Slovakia and the Czech Republic during the period 1990–2013. Both the intensity and shape of anti-corruption efforts appear to be related less to the actual extent of corruption or external influences and more to the growing domestic electoral pressure expressed through the higher ranking of corruption on the list of public problems and to an ideological bent of governments. We also use cultural theory to examine the philosophy of anti-corruption measures. We find that the hierarchical approach clearly dominates, but there is also extensive evidence of an egalitarian approach. There are only a small number of individualist measures and there is nearly no evidence of fatalist measures. We found that the political right in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia is associated not just with an individualist and market-based approach to anti-corruption, but even more with emphasis on anti-corruption itself and empowerment, civil society and public accountability as a means of fighting corruption. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 295-313 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1146247 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1146247 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:295-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1157853_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yi Liu Author-X-Name-First: Yi Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Yanwei Li Author-X-Name-First: Yanwei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Bao Xi Author-X-Name-First: Bao Author-X-Name-Last: Xi Author-Name: Joop Koppenjan Author-X-Name-First: Joop Author-X-Name-Last: Koppenjan Title: A governance network perspective on environmental conflicts in China: findings from the Dalian paraxylene conflict Abstract: Employing the Governance Network framework, this article presents an in-depth case study of the conflict that evolved from 2003 onwards over the construction and operation of a paraxylene plant in Dalian, China. The study explores the usefulness of this framework as an empirical tool to describe and make sense of policy processes and governance in multi-actor situations in China. The analysis shows the lack of anticipation and deliberation by Chinese governments, resulting in the buildup of citizens’ concerns, mediated by social media beyond government control. This results in an outbreak of protest followed by uncoordinated governmental responses, with high costs for all parties. It is argued that, because of the underlying institutional causes, the challenges are even greater for Chinese governments to come to grips with the increasing need for internal coordination, deal with new social media, and balance economic and environmental values. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 314-331 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1157853 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1157853 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:314-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1157854_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Steve Tombs Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Tombs Title: Making better regulation, making regulation better? Abstract: Better Regulation is a re-regulatory strategy that has unfolded in Britain (and, of course, beyond, through Europe and the OECD) across the past decade. This article beings by setting out some quantitative indicators of trends in national and local enforcement in three key areas of protective regulation – food hygiene and food safety, workers’ health and safety, and pollution control – from 2003/2004 to 2012/2013. It then goes on, in its main sections, to detail some of the ways Better Regulation under conditions of austerity has worked through at the level of local enforcement via a case study of four Merseyside Local Authorities; in so doing, it draws principally upon qualitative insights from a series of interviews, as well as data gleaned from a further series of Freedom of Information requests. In so doing, it considers how, on the ground, Better Regulation is made. It concludes that Better Regulation appears less about ‘better’ regulation, more about business-friendly regulation with diminishing law enforcement. There is good reason to suggest that regulatory functions will likely be increasingly re-cast as part of growth initiatives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 332-349 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1157854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1157854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:332-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1157855_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Honorata Mazepus Author-X-Name-First: Honorata Author-X-Name-Last: Mazepus Author-Name: Wouter Veenendaal Author-X-Name-First: Wouter Author-X-Name-Last: Veenendaal Author-Name: Anthea McCarthy-Jones Author-X-Name-First: Anthea Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy-Jones Author-Name: Juan Manuel Trak Vásquez Author-X-Name-First: Juan Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Trak Vásquez Title: A comparative study of legitimation strategies in hybrid regimes Abstract: Despite the growing body of research on ‘hybrid regimes’, few studies address the issue of their domestic legitimacy. Targeting this gap in the literature, this article explores the legitimation strategies of three hybrid regimes around the globe: Russia, Venezuela, and Seychelles. Although these countries differ markedly in almost every aspect that can be thought of, the political systems of all three cases combine formally democratic institutions with authoritarian political dynamics. The qualitative, comparative analysis presented in this article uncovers a number of remarkable similarities between the regimes’ respective legitimization strategies. However, while the strategies for engendering legitimacy are similar across the cases, the content of these strategies is different: the Russian leadership mainly relies on preserving order and nationalism, the Venezuelan regime employs a more populist strategy, and the Seychellois regime uses a more personal and particularistic approach. Our findings not only provide insights into the mechanisms hybrid regimes use to consolidate their authority, but also highlight important differences and similarities between hybrid regimes around the world. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 350-369 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1157855 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1157855 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:350-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1157856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Xiaodong Gong Author-X-Name-First: Xiaodong Author-X-Name-Last: Gong Author-Name: Maheshwar Rao Author-X-Name-First: Maheshwar Author-X-Name-Last: Rao Title: The economic impact of prolonged political instability: a case study of Fiji Abstract: It has been long believed that prolonged political instability harms economic growth and development. This paper contributes to this growing empirical literature by studying the case in Fiji, which has faced a long period of political instability caused by a series of coups, military administrations and frequent changes in government since 1987. The impact of political instability on growth is hard to identify empirically because the counterfactual is unobserved and it is difficult to find valid comparisons. To solve this problem, we use the recently developed Synthetic Control Method to construct a counterfactual (or synthetic Fiji) that predicts the growth of a politically stable Fiji. The difference in per capita growth trajectories of the synthetic and the actual Fiji can thus be attributed as the impacts of political instability. Our findings show that the political instability caused by a series of coups since 1987 has indeed led Fiji onto a lower growth path, and that the accumulated effect is getting larger. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 370-386 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1157856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1157856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:370-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1157857_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eleonora Redaelli Author-X-Name-First: Eleonora Author-X-Name-Last: Redaelli Title: Creative placemaking and the NEA: unpacking a multi-level governance Abstract: The role of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) in shaping the arts and cultural sector is not well understood. In this paper, I focus on the development of the governance of the creative placemaking policy to unpack the complexity of the role of the NEA. Governance is used to refer to collective action designed to achieve a general interest through different actors from both the government and civic society. I use intergovernmental relations theory to capture governance dynamics in creative placemaking. In particular, I focus on three main tools developed by the NEA to spur a multi-level governance: research, grants, and partnerships. What emerges is that the role of the NEA in the development of the creative placemaking policy is multifaceted as it includes offering and leveraging funding, shaping the conversation, providing insights, and spurring collaborations. These actions create a multi-level governance based on a dynamic exchange between national and local governments, and the involvement of a variety of actors from civil society. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 387-402 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1157857 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1157857 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:4:p:387-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1197897_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rob Manwaring Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Manwaring Title: From new labour to Rudd/Gillard: dilemmas, lesson-drawing and policy transfer Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 403-407 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1197897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1197897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:403-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188911_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Shaun Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Shaun Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Ben Spies-Butcher Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Spies-Butcher Title: After New Labour: political and policy consequences of welfare state reforms in the United Kingdom and Australia Abstract: Growing global integration, combined with the collapse of Soviet Communism, created major challenges for centre-left politics in the democratic world. This article considers two transformative Labour Party-led experiments that refurbished the welfare states of Australia and the United Kingdom, respectively. In Australia, this includes the Hawke–Keating (1983–1996) and Rudd–Gillard (2007–2013) Governments, and in the United Kingdom, the ‘New Labour’ Blair–Brown Governments (1997–2010). We present a comparative political economy of these welfare reforms, one that draws on both the policy transfer and policy diffusion literatures. By the 1980s, both parties faced three problems related to national economic decline, the ideological challenge to Keynesianism, and the decline of the traditional working-class electorate. We argue both parties developed common electoral and governing strategies aimed at winning support for a market-driven social-democratic program. Policy simultaneously compensated voters for market inequalities and deepened market relations. Focusing on how labour governments managed post-industrial change, responded to inequalities, advanced quasi-markets, and negotiated with union partners, we argue these experiments produced increasingly contradictory results that left both parties electorally and ideologically depleted. Despite important similarities, we note differences – starting points, discrete events and institutional variations have mattered to reform paths and their consequences. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 408-425 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:408-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1161182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rob Manwaring Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Manwaring Title: From New Labour to Rudd/Gillard – transferring social policy Abstract: From 2007 to 2010, there were national Labour governments in Britain and Australia, the longest and only third time this had occurred since the second World War. The period of New Labour was closing in the UK, and in Australia the Rudd government came to power after 11 years in opposition, directly influenced by the, at times, trailblazing UK Labour government. In the domain of social policy, New Labour was a source of policy inspiration and transfer. Specifically, the Rudd/Gillard governments borrowed heavily its ‘social exclusion’ agenda, and also the use of ‘compacts’ with the third sector. This article examines the policy diffusion and transfer between the UK and Australia, and in doing so offers critical insights into the policy transfer literature. The article examines the reasons for the Australian Labor Party's adoption of these policies, and links this to wider dilemmas and identity crisis that are afflicting centre-left governments across the globe. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 426-439 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1161182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1161182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:426-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188912_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tim Legrand Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Legrand Title: Elite, exclusive and elusive: transgovernmental policy networks and iterative policy transfer in the Anglosphere Abstract: The prominent corridor of bilateral policy transfer between Australia and the UK is underpinned by a long-standing cultural and political proximity. While ad hoc cases of transfer have in recent years been the subject to concerted attention from transfer theorists, much less attention has been given to the rise of multilateral, or transgovernmental, policy networks based on similar cultural and political amity amongst the ‘Anglosphere’ group of states including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the US. Populated by policy elites and regularly interacting, these networks represent potentially important modes of policy transfer yet little is known about how they operate, with what purposes or what outcomes. This article therefore sets out research findings that offer an insight into 23 identified networks, suggesting that understanding the emergence of these networks are crucial to explaining any bilateral transfer between Anglosphere states in general, and specifically Australia and the UK. The article contends that a consideration of these networks provides insight into (i) the substantive landscape of Anglosphere policy learning and collaboration, (ii) the attendant dynamics of collaborative policy networks as elite, elusive and exclusive and (iii) iterative policy transfers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 440-455 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:440-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188909_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Andrew O'Neil Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: O'Neil Title: Fraternal foreign policy transfer? Evaluating the case of Australian Labor and British Labour Abstract: The literature on policy transfer and policy diffusion is vast, but analysis of how this operates in the domain of foreign policy is limited. Is there evidence that policy-related knowledge and ideas in the foreign policy realm are transferred between jurisdictions? This article addresses this question in the context of the relationship between two fraternal social democratic parties – the British Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. It focuses on the period between 2006 and 2010, which covers Kevin Rudd’s assumption of the Labor leadership and his first term as Prime Minister and the transition from Tony Blair to Gordon Brown in June 2007. Kevin Rudd’s Prime Ministership was terminated in a party room coup in June 2010 while Gordon Brown led the British Labour Party to electoral defeat one month earlier. The article investigates three prominent areas of foreign policy – regional engagement, climate change, and aid and international development – to evaluate the extent of policy transfer and diffusion between the Rudd and Brown Governments. Using the ‘degrees of transfer’ framework outlined by Dolowitz and Marsh, it finds that emulation, policy combinations, and inspiration all featured but that there was scant evidence of complete transfer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 456-470 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188909 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188909 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:456-470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188913_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anika Gauja Author-X-Name-First: Anika Author-X-Name-Last: Gauja Title: Policy transfer, contagion effects and intra-party reform Abstract: This article examines the extent to which the Australian Labor Party (ALP) engaged in a process of policy transfer, learning from the UK Labour Party, when it reformed its federal leadership selection process in 2013. Bringing together insights from both the public policy and party organisations literature, the article develops an empirical framework for identifying instances of policy transfer (or contagion effects) that consists of three criteria: intention, motivation and implementation, which can examined through various types of empirical data (including interviews, documentary, and network analysis). Applying this framework to the ALP reforms, the article concludes that while it is possible to see evidence of a general shift to a similar, more inclusive selection process, policy transfer is more difficult to substantiate. There were clear differences in the specifics of how the process would work, and a temporal disjoint between when actors sought information about UK practices and when the reforms actually occurred. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 471-485 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188913 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188913 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:471-485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188914_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: B. M. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: B. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: Matt Beech Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Title: Labour parties, ideas transfer and ideological positioning: Australia and Britain compared Abstract: As part of this special issue examining policy transfer between the Labour parties in Australia and Britain, this paper seeks to explore the relationship between the two on ideological positioning. In the 1990s there was substantial ideas transfer from the Australian Hawke–Keating government to Blair ‘New Labour’ in Britain, as both parties made a lunge towards the economic centre. This paper analyses how the inheritors of that shift, the Rudd/Gillard government in Australia and the Miliband and Corbyn leaderships in Britain, are seeking to define the role and purpose of Labour parties in its wake. It examines the extent to which they are learning and borrowing from one another, and finds that a combination of divergent economic and political contexts have led to strikingly limited contemporary policy transfer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 486-498 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188914 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188914 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:5:p:486-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144739_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paul Henman Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Henman Title: Performing the state: the socio-political dimensions of performance measurement in policy and public services Abstract: This opening paper outlines the rise of public sector performance measurement and performance governance from New Public Management, its trajectory from an administrative tool for organisational monitoring and management, to its insertion into service performance and accountability, to a policy tool defining policy itself. Four key conceptual ways of approaching public sector performance measurement are outlined, and the significance of understanding performance measurement as a socio-technical policy instrument is argued. The paper thematically reviews the papers that follow and how they demonstrate new points of critical analysis in policy studies, including the multiple, mixed and sometimes contradictory purposes for performance measurement, the formation of performance measurement tools, the linkages of performance numbers and governance structures from macro to micro, and the reconfigured roles of professionals in public service delivery. The paper issues a clear challenge to policy researchers to take performance measurement more seriously in understanding the dynamics of policy performance, the achievement of policy objectives, the reframing of policy and the experience of citizens. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 499-507 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144739 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144739 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:499-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1213803_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Patrick Le Galès Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Le Galès Title: Performance measurement as a policy instrument Abstract: The rise of government by indicators, by figures may reveal a new wave of rationalization organized by the state in the classic Weberian sense. Contemporary forms of government are marked by the rise of indicators, measures and new metrics to compare, certify, codify and evaluate. In many countries, performance measurement has become one of the symbols of the transformation of governance. The paper aims to show how performance indicators are a particular type of policy instrument that increases competitive pressure within societies even if that cannot be analysed only in terms of neoliberalism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 508-520 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1213803 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1213803 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:508-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1118028_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michele Foster Author-X-Name-First: Michele Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Paul Henman Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Henman Author-Name: Alison Gable Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Gable Author-Name: Michelle Denton Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Denton Title: Population health performance as primary healthcare governance in Australia: professionals and the politics of performance Abstract: A range of institutional and financial instruments has been used to drive population health outcomes in primary health care in Australia. However, GP sovereignty and the corporatized nature of general practice have generated major challenges. The core of government reform strategy since 1992 has been the creation and financing of Primary HealthCare Organizations (PHCOs), in various forms, to provide an organizational basis to connect GPs to population health performance, and a closer link between the state and GPs. The shift from Divisions of General Practice, the first PHCO, to Medicare Locals (MLs) in 2011 was notable. The latter constructed the object of performance as a raft of broader population health goals, which were framed in terms of accountability to communities through public reporting. Drawing on interviews with Federal government, health professional associations, ML executives and GPs, this paper examines the ways in which such performance instruments were imagined and understood, and areas of contestation. The findings show the different rationalities at play and how different actors seek control of the policy space. They also demonstrate the political precariousness of PHCOs, and the wider difficulty of steering market-based professionals in the achievement of population health objectives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 521-534 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1118028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1118028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:521-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1207759_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Esther Willing Author-X-Name-First: Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Willing Title: Hitting the target without missing the point: New Zealand’s immunisation health target for two year olds Abstract: The use of health targets as a form of performance measurement has become more prominent internationally as governments have sought to control public expenditure, produce greater efficiency and improve accountability. However, health targets have faced criticism for their potential to produce negative outcomes within a health system. This paper examines how a health target was used as a policy instrument within the New Zealand health system to improve immunisation coverage at two years of age. It explores how the immunisation health target was implemented within four case study sites and discusses the effectiveness of the health target as a policy instrument for improving immunisation coverage and addressing persistent immunisation inequities. Measuring and monitoring performance towards the immunisation health target improved accountability for immunisation coverage within the New Zealand health system and focused attention on improving immunisation coverage in a way that previous policy attempts had failed to do. Health targets may be an effective policy instrument for creating change within specific areas of a health system if their potential for dysfunctional consequences are taken into consideration at the outset. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 535-550 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1207759 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1207759 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:535-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144738_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Cosmo Howard Author-X-Name-First: Cosmo Author-X-Name-Last: Howard Author-Name: Amber Chambers Author-X-Name-First: Amber Author-X-Name-Last: Chambers Title: The challenge of quantifying national well-being: lessons from the Measures of Australia's Progress initiative Abstract: In recent decades, the use of gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for national well-being has been criticised on the grounds it excludes important social and ecological considerations. Several alternatives have been proposed that promise to generate more comprehensive and balanced quantitative measures of well-being, but all of these alternative indicators remain contested and controversial. This paper critically reviews Australia's contribution to this effort: the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS's) Measures of Australia's Progress initiative. Unlike many other alternatives to GDP, the Australian initiative does not settle on one measure but uses expert-mediated public consultation to establish a ‘dashboard’ of indicators. In so doing, this model makes explicit the serious challenges confronting efforts to coherently define and measure progress in late modernity. In its attempt to integrate diverse views on national progress, the ABS has created an ambiguous tool that is not being taken up in public and political discourse. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 551-567 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144738 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:551-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1115830_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alison Gable Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Gable Author-Name: Bob Lingard Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Lingard Title: NAPLAN data: a new policy assemblage and mode of governance in Australian schooling Abstract: As part of a policy assemblage, the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) is representative of a new mode of governance for Australia's schooling systems, indicative of international trends in educational accountability based on testing. The policy assumption was that the introduction of a national performance measurement system would tightly couple school practices to national agendas targeted at improving learning outcomes. This paper presents a comparative case study of two primary schools within a single Queensland region to interrogate how coupling and decoupling strategies are enacted in respect of the policy usage of NAPLAN data. The granular analysis of the governance relationship between the school principals and their supervisors is set against the politics, policies and pressures of NAPLAN that recast the initiative as high stakes for systems, schools and their leadership. Specifically, we argue that Queensland's choice and enactment of policy instruments have produced a new mode of governance of principal conduct, but one mediated by the specific contexts of the two schools. The analysis shows how this mode has precipitated two types of decoupling. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 568-582 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1115830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1115830 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:568-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1110236_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Clare Tilbury Author-X-Name-First: Clare Author-X-Name-Last: Tilbury Title: Repositioning prevention in child protection using performance indicators Abstract: Performance indicators have both technical and value dimensions, capable of providing data for monitoring and reporting in addition to framing policy problems and their solutions. This paper considers the performance indicators proposed in a recent child protection inquiry in Australia that recommended ‘decreasing the numbers of children in the child protection system’ as a primary policy objective. The paper examines the context in which the indicators were set, the values and theories they endorse, and how they position stakeholders. The analysis shows how the indicators communicate that child protection services should be only for the most serious cases of child maltreatment, and the reach of statutory services should be curtailed. Children who have been maltreated or who are at risk of harm from abuse or neglect should be diverted from the child protection system (positioned as bad) to the family support system (positioned as good), and at the same time from the state to the nongovernment sector. The shifting relations between government, service providers, and families signified by the indicators can be seen in a broader international context of tightening the boundaries around child protection and concurrently advancing concepts of compliance within family support. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 583-596 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1110236 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2015.1110236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:583-596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1190447_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paul Henman Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Henman Title: Techniques and paradoxes in performing performance measurements: concluding reflections Abstract: Performance measurement has an implicit performance theory embedded within its practice; performance measurement perforce performs. Performance measurement has a performative effect on performance. Drawing together and building on the various empirical observations from the preceding papers in this collection, this concluding paper firstly examines the circumstances in which performance measurement performs, that is, when it produces ‘authentic’ performance improvements, compared to when performance measurements misfire. The paper secondly explores several paradoxes of performance measurement – such that performance measurement measures only part of the performance it seeks to be performative on, incentives to perform incentivise poor performance and so on. These paradoxes, contradictions and ironies must be apprehended and appreciated in discovering, discerning and deciphering the diverse dynamics of measuring performance. They also demonstrate that analysing and working with performance measurement requires a perspective that eschews absolutes and clear directions, and embraces the uneasy and potentially destabilising tension of Escher’s performative art. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 597-609 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1190447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1190447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:597-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1224029_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1224029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1224029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:37:y:2016:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1161180_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Zhilong Tian Author-X-Name-First: Zhilong Author-X-Name-Last: Tian Author-Name: Jun Shi Author-X-Name-First: Jun Author-X-Name-Last: Shi Author-Name: Taieb Hafsi Author-X-Name-First: Taieb Author-X-Name-Last: Hafsi Author-Name: Bowen Tian Author-X-Name-First: Bowen Author-X-Name-Last: Tian Title: How to get evidence? The role of government–business interaction in evidence-based policy-making for the development of Internet of Things industry in China Abstract: This paper provides theoretical bases and a framework to describe the incremental process of macro-level innovation policy-making for emerging industry in China and the role of government–business (G–B) interactions in generating policy-making evidence. By analyzing the decision-making processes of three macro-level innovation policies for the Internet of Things as a mode of industry development, the paper finds that the macro-level innovation policy-making resulted from a gradual sub-issue solving in each of several sub-processes. The specific micro-level policy tools are formed and implemented through G–B interactions to generate evidence, and these processes are gradual and incremental, helping policy-makers to overcome the high levels of uncertainties in emerging industry development. Five interactive approaches in this research are identified: inspections, investigations, soft lobbying, conferences, and cooperation. The patterns of interactions vary with the nature of the innovation policies. Our findings contribute to the evidence-based policy-making perspective, by clarifying the innovation policy-making sub-process and the evidence-generating mechanism of G–B interactions in dealing with emerging industry development uncertainties. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1161180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1161180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1161181_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Niva Golan-Nadir Author-X-Name-First: Niva Author-X-Name-Last: Golan-Nadir Author-Name: Nissim Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Nissim Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: The role of individual agents in promoting peace processes: business people and policy entrepreneurship in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict Abstract: Are individual businesspeople who operate as policy entrepreneurs willing and able to influence peace processes in conflict areas? The literature on businesspeople as policy agents shifts when talking about peace processes, focusing on group level activities and ignoring the effect of individual agents. We argue that rather than regarding businesspeople as a traditional interest group, we should consider the approaches to promoting change that strongly motivated individuals adopt as policy entrepreneurs. Based on interviews with senior Israeli businesspeople and decision-makers, we demonstrate how strongly motivated Israeli businesspeople promote peace as policy entrepreneurs. We identify their motivations, goals, challenges, and the strategies they use. The findings indicate that although motivated by economic profits, businesspeople undertake activities that may prove very beneficial to both themselves and society as a whole. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1161181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1161181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:21-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188904_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chisung Park Author-X-Name-First: Chisung Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Jooha Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jooha Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Mark Wilding Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wilding Title: Distorted policy transfer? South Korea’s adaptation of UK social enterprise policy Abstract: This study draws upon communicative processes in policy transfer to consider the ways in which policy may be adapted to context or distorted. The theoretical framework is used to investigate exactly what the South Korean government borrowed from UK social enterprise policy. Despite claims that the UK was the source of both the general policy direction and the particular regulatory device, the Korean government did not learn about the specific contexts of the British policy, nor attempt two-way communication with domestic stakeholders. Rather, the UK policy was interpreted in accordance with the Korean government’s own ideas about how to utilize social enterprise. Historical legacies of top-down decision-making played an important role in this process, as did the state’s role as a regulator which mobilizes the private sector to achieve policy goals. The consequences have been negative for those organizations refused social enterprise status under the Ministry of Labor’s strict approval system, as well as for the original target population: the socially disadvantaged and vulnerable. It is suggested that the model advanced may help to illuminate the reasons why some borrowed policies differ considerably from the originals, and the use of policy transfer as a means of legitimization. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 39-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:39-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188906_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nathalie Schiffino Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Schiffino Author-Name: Laurent Taskin Author-X-Name-First: Laurent Author-X-Name-Last: Taskin Author-Name: Céline Donis Author-X-Name-First: Céline Author-X-Name-Last: Donis Author-Name: Julien Raone Author-X-Name-First: Julien Author-X-Name-Last: Raone Title: Post-crisis learning in public agencies: what do we learn from both actors and institutions? Abstract: Post-crisis learning is a challenge for public organizations, and especially for agencies which handle health and environmental risks. This article investigates how the Belgian Food Safety Agency settles mechanisms for drawing lessons from crises while ensuring day-to-day routine. The framework by Crozier and Friedberg is used as a guideline to consider both the actors and the system, both strategic games and institutional constraints. The article helps in understanding the institutional logics underpinning how the public organizations learn from societal risk and crisis. Centralization and openness appear to be guiding principles, resulting from the learning games. They also generate tensions that the actors’ games manage by defining new rules for cooperation. Both the practice (through our case study) and the theory (combining actors and institutions) broaden the lens of policy analysis for what policy-making at organizational level concerns. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 59-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:59-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188910_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Eckersley Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Eckersley Title: A new framework for understanding subnational policy-making and local choice Abstract: This article presents a new and innovative framework to help analyse policy-making and depoliticisation within subnational governance arrangements. By focusing on the capacity (not the autonomy) of subnational governments to achieve their political objectives, and incorporating external actors along both the vertical and horizontal dimensions, it provides a dynamic tool to understand the extent to which municipal governments influence local policy-making processes. Furthermore, it stresses that greater ‘localism’ (or independence) between vertical tiers of government is likely to weaken subnational bodies and result in them becoming more interdependent with (or even dependent on) horizontal non-state actors within the locality. This would weaken their position in local governance arrangements and exacerbate the depoliticised nature of decision-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 76-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188910 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188910 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:76-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1192114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Morten Jarlbæk Pedersen Author-X-Name-First: Morten Jarlbæk Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen Title: Real-world Europeanisation: the silent turning of small gears Abstract: Several studies of the impacts of the EU on modern policies and polities evade investigation of the most detailed level of Europeanisation, that is, gradual legal changes. This seems odd as it is exactly these small gears turning that constitute perhaps the most real and concrete of all types of Europeanisation. This paper looks at a range of cash benefits in Denmark. Applying a novel framework of silent versus loud Europeanisation, it investigates how legal changes since 1972 came into being by digging into both the legal details and the preparatory and parliamentary work. The conclusion is that Denmark – often mentioned as an archetype universalist welfare state at odds with the European logics of free movement and non-discrimination – has indeed altered the very nature of its most universalist cash benefits, but these changes have been very gradual and have often not even been recognised as Europeanisation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 91-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1192114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1192114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:1:p:91-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1210117_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nuno F. da Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Nuno F. Author-X-Name-Last: da Cruz Author-Name: Rui Cunha Marques Author-X-Name-First: Rui Cunha Author-X-Name-Last: Marques Title: Structuring composite local governance indicators Abstract: The importance of good governance is praised by many academics and practitioners. The prominence of the subject suggests that measurement is important. However, setting out to measure the quality of governance empirically is controversial. Doubts regarding the feasibility and meaningfulness of this undertaking are widespread in the literature. Recognizing the potential caveats, the current article discusses a set of guidelines for structuring a theoretically sound local governance assessment tool based on the Decision Analysis and Operational Research literatures. The authors argue that using a multi-criteria model which employs several objective (quantitative and qualitative) indicators and relies on a participatory method to aggregate them is a suitable way of developing sensible Local Governance Indicators. The purpose here is to provide a detailed roadmap for any country (or region, or locality) willing to engage in the assessment of the quality of local governance. The real-world implementation of a model developed according to these guidelines could help raise awareness, promote good practices and increase the ‘governance literacy’ of citizens. By operationalizing good governance, analysts may also be able to further investigate the relationships between local governance practices and several socio-economic factors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 109-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1210117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1210117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:2:p:109-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1213802_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: The effects of centralising electoral management board design Abstract: The public administration of elections frequently fails. Variation in the performance of electoral management bodies around the world has been demonstrated, illustrated by delays in the count, inaccurate or incomplete voter registers, or severe queues at polling stations. Centralising the management of the electoral process has often been proposed as a solution. There has been little theorisation and no empirical investigations into the effects that centralising an already decentralised system would have, however. This article addresses this lacuna by conceptualising centralisation through the literature on bureaucratic control and discretion. It then empirically investigates the effects through a case study of centralisation in two UK referendums. Semi-structured interviews were used with those who devised the policy instrument and those who were subject to it. The introduction of central directions had some of the desired effects such as producing more consistent services and eliminating errors. It also had side effects, however, such as reducing economic efficiency in some areas and overlooking local knowledge. Furthermore, the reforms caused a decline of staff morale, job satisfaction and souring of relations amongst stakeholder organisations. The process of making organisational change therefore warrants closer attention by policy-makers and future scholarship on electoral integrity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 130-148 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1213802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1213802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:2:p:130-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1219033_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christopher Ansell Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Ansell Author-Name: Robert Geyer Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer Title: ‘Pragmatic complexity’ a new foundation for moving beyond ‘evidence-based policy making’? Abstract: Despite a range of criticism, the realm of policy still remains dominated by the rational, positivist and quantitative approaches of New Public Management, ‘evidence-based’ approaches and target/accountancy oriented ‘scientific’ management. Two notable attempts to develop an alternative to this dominant framework, however, have come from the older tradition of American pragmatism and the newer approach of complexity. In this article we introduce some of the core concepts of pragmatist philosophy and complexity relating to policy making. We then explore some of the key premises for bringing these two fields together and subsequently apply this ‘pragmatic complexity’ approach and a Stacey Diagram to drug policy. We argue that a marriage of pragmatism and complexity can provide a positive alternative conception of the relationship between scientific knowledge and decision-making and offers a way to integrate a scientific approach with democratic deliberation and values. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 149-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1219033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1219033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:2:p:149-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1288900_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Max Halupka Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Halupka Title: What Anonymous can tell us about the relationship between virtual community structure and participatory form Abstract: As a decentralised virtual community, Anonymous has been characterised by its oppositional tendencies. Helped by a collective persona and horizontal management structure, Anonymous has facilitated a myriad of differentiated agenda. However, we can observe a distinct change in its participatory form over time. So, while Anonymous, more broadly, functions as a virtual community, its means of engagement has shifted from a social movement to a decentralised cell network. This article explores the relationship between these changes, and its evolution as a virtual community. Drawing upon Iriberri and Leroy’s [(2009) “A Life-Cycle Perspective on Online Community Success.” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 41 (2): 1–29] life cycle framework, the article maps Anonymous’ development and identifies the structural changes that have led to this transformation in its modes of participation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 168-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1288900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1288900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:2:p:168-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1288901_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tony Chapman Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Chapman Title: The propensity of third sector organisations to borrow money in the UK Abstract: In recent years there has been much policy interest in the development of social investment initiatives. Many such proposals depend upon third sector organisations (TSOs) loaning working capital in order to bridge gaps in cash flow. Existing studies on the willingness of TSOs to borrow have tended to used selective samples, which may have led to an exaggeration of market demand. This article explores, with reference to robust evidence on the attitudes and behaviours of representative samples of TSOs from the Third Sector Trends Study in Northern England, the extent of interest in borrowing for a range of purposes including to buy or upgrade property, buy equipment or facilities, or borrow working capital. The article makes observations on current and future market demand for loans in light of the way that TSO leaders’ balance their dependence on given, earned and borrowed money. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 185-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1288901 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1288901 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:2:p:185-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tracy B. Fenwick Author-X-Name-First: Tracy B. Author-X-Name-Last: Fenwick Author-Name: Sean W. Burges Author-X-Name-First: Sean W. Author-X-Name-Last: Burges Author-Name: Timothy J. Power Author-X-Name-First: Timothy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Five faces of presidential governance: insights from policy-making in democratic Brazil Abstract: By drawing on the five Brazilian case studies presented in this special issue, we propose five ‘faces’ of presidentialism as a guide for examining the role of president in the public policy process: face to the general public; face to the bureaucracy; face to the subnational executives; face to congressional coalitions; and face to the outside world. How effectively the president succeeds in formulating and implementing their public policy priorities depends on their ability to execute the roles of each of these faces. A president’s ability to successfully pursue their policy agenda is both constrained and facilitated by exogenous factors that impact the amount of attention, authority, and engagement that they are able to exert across the five faces they wear in the public policy process. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 205-215 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:205-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290230_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tracy B. Fenwick Author-X-Name-First: Tracy B. Author-X-Name-Last: Fenwick Title: Presidents and policy-making: has Brazil’s CCT-led anti-poverty agenda gone far enough? Abstract: In order to identify the causal mechanisms (rational learning, adaptation, and innovation) driving changes in the area of anti-poverty policy in Brazil, this article traces the micro-level decision-making processes across three presidents. It begins by laying out the politics of conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in Brazil and presidential usage of this targeted social policy instrument since the 1990s. In contrast to previous presidents, President Dilma Rousseff’s decisions did not enable her rationally intended policy agenda. Why? The President him or herself is privileged as the central actor whose decision-making processes impact policy development and its subsequent performance. I will argue that prior to the most recent changes under Dilma, was the demise of CCTs being ‘good enough’ from a policy perspective. The major challenge for any president in Brazil remains low levels of political and societal consensus over the kind of social reforms required to end the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Brazil; a policy dilemma confounded by the absence of a single unifying institutional actor and the extent of power diffusion in Brazilian federalism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 216-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290230 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290230 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:216-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290227_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leslie Elliott Armijo Author-X-Name-First: Leslie Elliott Author-X-Name-Last: Armijo Author-Name: Sybil D. Rhodes Author-X-Name-First: Sybil D. Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes Title: Explaining infrastructure underperformance in Brazil: cash, political institutions, corruption, and policy Gestalts Abstract: Brazil’s infrastructure underperforms compared to that of peer emerging economies. Why? The political institutions of coalitional presidentialism with strong federalism undermine rational national planning. Politicians’ incentives to distribute ‘pork’ combine with sector-specific oligopoly characteristics, offering fertile ground for corruption. Yet the greatest challenge is low infrastructure investment, a consequence of weak private capital markets and regulatory inconsistency. Recent center-right governments improved infrastructure service delivery without stimulating investment, while center-left governments raised investment, but undermined public finances and efficiency. Greater technocratic consensus across the partisan divide on reforms to stimulate investment is one positive consequence of Brazil’s current crisis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 231-247 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:231-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290231_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Fiona Macaulay Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Macaulay Title: Presidents, producers and politics: law-and-order policy in Brazil from Cardoso to Dilma Abstract: This article analyses the governance tools available to three Brazilian presidents – Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff – to direct and enact policy in the area of law-and-order, that is, to prevent crime, improve policing and develop effective penal responses. It examines the commonalities and the differences in the ways that each approached their key roles as president: communicating with the public on the issues, using the agencies of the federal bureaucracy, managing intergovernmental relations with the subnational units (states and municipalities), and managing their multiparty coalition and relations with Congress. In particular, it highlights the way in which Brazil’s highly fragmented and porous party system, which underpins the country’s coalitional presidentialist form of governance, has also encouraged the entry into legislative arenas of direct representatives of criminal justice professionals (police) and indirect representatives of private security actors. This has resulted in increasing producer capture of law-and-order policy within both the federal bureaucracy and legislative arenas at all levels of government. In the crisis of the Dilma presidency, to which they contributed, they were able to move from being veto-players to agenda-setters on law-and-order policy, intent on reversing the direction set by these presidents. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 248-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290231 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290231 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:248-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290229_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kathryn Hochstetler Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn Author-X-Name-Last: Hochstetler Title: Tracking presidents and policies: environmental politics from Lula to Dilma Abstract: Does the Brazilian presidential system shape environmental policy there? The comparative literature on environmental policy offers few reasons to think that it might. Most explanations of variations in the quantity and quality of environmental regulation stress levels of economic development or move outside of the nation-state to examine international processes of diffusion and convergence. Other studies look at large macrostructural differences like the contrast between democratic and authoritarian systems and/or the role of non-state actors. This article examines environmental policies and outcomes in three successive presidential administrations in Brazil to develop hypotheses about whether institutional factors should gain a larger place in comparative studies of environmental policies and outcomes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 262-276 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290229 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:262-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1290228_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sean W. Burges Author-X-Name-First: Sean W. Author-X-Name-Last: Burges Author-Name: Fabrício H. Chagas Bastos Author-X-Name-First: Fabrício H. Author-X-Name-Last: Chagas Bastos Title: The importance of presidential leadership for Brazilian foreign policy Abstract: The conventional wisdom in Brazil is that foreign policy is a policy of state and, as such, not part of the daily political debate. The result is an understanding that foreign policy is largely driven by the foreign ministry, with the president generally only taking a role when needed to advance a particular initiative through presidential diplomacy. We challenge these assumptions, arguing that the engagement and authority of the president are the essential factors in bringing about not only substantive strategic change in Brazilian foreign policy, but also alterations in the policy process that have democratized foreign policy and moved it from a policy of state to another area of public policy. To do this, we draw on and deepen Sergio Danese’s theory of presidential diplomacy and map out major strategic changes in post-authoritarian Brazil’s foreign policy. We find that the major changes that have taken place were initiated by the truncated Fernando Collor presidency and then deepened and amplified by the highly internationally engaged presidencies of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Lula. By contrast, the presidencies of Itamar Franco and Dilma Rousseff emerge as instances of inertial continuity lacking in dynamism and innovation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 277-290 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:3:p:277-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1301414_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Wilkins Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkins Author-Name: John Phillimore Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Phillimore Author-Name: David Gilchrist Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gilchrist Title: Benefits and risks of collaboration between watchdogs: the Western Australian experience Abstract: There has been little discussion or analysis regarding how integrity agencies work together. This paper looks at Western Australian watchdog collaboration activities in the context of concerns raised by senior judicial and political figures. Issues addressed include whether such collaborative activities impinge on the independence of watchdogs, impede their ability to oversight each other, and whether such activities take them beyond their legislative remit. Analysis of practice revealed a wide array of collaboration activities of varying intensity. It was found that such collaboration enhanced watchdog effectiveness while the concerns expressed appeared over-stated. The analysis identified precautions required to protect watchdog independence and ensure accountability for collaborative activities, including steps to recognize and remove barriers to greater collaboration. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 291-310 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1301414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1301414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:291-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1308477_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Fan Li Author-X-Name-First: Fan Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Lynne Butel Author-X-Name-First: Lynne Author-X-Name-Last: Butel Author-Name: Peijie Wang Author-X-Name-First: Peijie Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: Innovation policy configuration – a comparative study of Russia and China Abstract: This paper presents a study of innovation policy configurations in two BRICS countries, Russia and China; the fastest growing and most innovative countries in recent years. Employing a three-dimensional framework which maps policy objectives, policy instruments and policy implementation, the research analyzes a database of 485 policy items issued between 1990 and 2013. Twenty-five innovation policy variables have been scrutinized vis-à-vis the three policy dimensions. The paper compares the experiences of Russia with China, across these three policy dimension areas, revealing the similarities and differences in innovation policy configurations. The research identifies how innovation management in both Russia and China has been shaped by contrasting histories, state institutions and economies. The paper offers an alternative perspective to the debate on the effective management of innovation, a debate currently dominated by the experiences of the USA, Japan and Western Europe. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 311-338 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1308477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1308477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:311-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1314456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eoin Reeves Author-X-Name-First: Eoin Author-X-Name-Last: Reeves Author-Name: Dónal Palcic Author-X-Name-First: Dónal Author-X-Name-Last: Palcic Title: Getting back on track: the expanded use of PPPs in Ireland since the global financial crisis Abstract: The global financial crisis that took hold in late 2008 resulted in a major slowdown of activity in the global market for public-private partnerships (PPPs). Ireland was one of the countries most affected with over 20 major infrastructure PPP projects postponed or abandoned. Since 2012 however, the Irish government has adopted a number of initiatives to make PPP more attractive to bidders and private sources of finance. This paper describes these initiatives and shows that they have been associated with a renewal of PPP activity. It suggests that some of the adopted measures may involve trade-offs between encouraging PPP investment and achieving standard PPP objectives such as economic efficiency and better innovation. However, the attraction of public sources of finance from sources such as the European Investment Bank should result in a relatively lower cost of finance and enhance value for money if providers adopt rigorous risk management strategies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 339-355 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1314456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1314456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:339-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1318845_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Magnus Feldmann Author-X-Name-First: Magnus Author-X-Name-Last: Feldmann Author-Name: Vytautas Kuokštis Author-X-Name-First: Vytautas Author-X-Name-Last: Kuokštis Title: Currency boards, depoliticization and macroeconomic stability: the political economy of institutional complementarities Abstract: This article analyzes the potential for institutional design to depoliticize macroeconomic policy-making by examining currency board arrangements. It develops a novel argument to understand the effects of institutional design based on institutional complementarities. This argument highlights that the functioning of a given institution is conditioned by the broader institutional context. The article contrasts this framework with two common approaches – here termed the institutional design and the epiphenomenalism views – and argues that the centrality of institutional complementarities can account for the mixed record of currency boards. The most important complementarities of a currency board are with fiscal, labor market and informal institutions, which are important prerequisites for successful currency boards. By drawing on recent advances in the study of depoliticization, we show how these institutions contribute to governmental, societal and discursive depoliticization. This argument is evaluated by examining three case studies of currency boards – Argentina, Estonia and Lithuania. The article also explores some broader implications of this analysis for understanding the depoliticization of economic policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 356-374 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1318845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1318845 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:356-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1320706_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ibrahim Kabiru Maji Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Kabiru Author-X-Name-Last: Maji Author-Name: Mohd Yusof Saari Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Yusof Author-X-Name-Last: Saari Author-Name: Muzafar Shah Habibullah Author-X-Name-First: Muzafar Shah Author-X-Name-Last: Habibullah Author-Name: Chakrin Utit Author-X-Name-First: Chakrin Author-X-Name-Last: Utit Title: Measuring the economic impacts of recent oil price shocks on oil-dependent economy: evidence from Malaysia Abstract: This paper examines the economy-wide impacts of recent oil price shocks on the Malaysian economy. To achieve this objective, an integrated methodological framework that combines econometric and input–output models is utilized to assess the impacts of an oil price shock on tax revenues, employment, labor income and gross domestic product (GDP). Our results reveal that the recent oil price shocks significantly affects these macroeconomic variables. The decline in oil prices from 2015 to 2016 reduces tax revenues by 10.5%, lower GDP by 1.9% and increases the unemployment rate by 0.3%. As such, the sharp crunch in oil prices serves as a reminder to policymakers on the vulnerability inherent in overreliance on oil exports and the urgent need to diversify the economy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 375-391 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1320706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1320706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:375-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1320707_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Graham Williams Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Jane Tobbell Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Tobbell Title: Effecting change in local government: local authority chief executives as emotional actors Abstract: Most change management initiatives fail. Here, we explore data which emerged from a larger research study of local authority chief executives’ subjective experiences of New Labour’s modernisation programme and argue that the route to change so often taken by central government is detrimental to the successful embedding of change within local government because it ignores fundamental human reactions to coercion and control. We demonstrate that the seeds of failure are sown in the processes adopted as much as in the content of any programme of change. A contributory factor to such failures is the apparent reliance on the part of legislators that their policies and procedures will receive a neutral reaction. We show that the reality is that legislation is responded to and enacted by people who react in ways designed to defend their own positions, irrespective of the worth of those positions. Whether seen as actors in the policy implementation process, or as agents of change, chief executives act and react emotionally. This contributes to our theoretical understanding of the policy process and the practical application of change programmes. This article will be of interest to those in central and local government who are promoting or responding to change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 392-409 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1320707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1320707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:4:p:392-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1361083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lain Dare Author-X-Name-First: Lain Author-X-Name-Last: Dare Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Understanding water governance: the case of Australia’s Murray-darling basin Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 411-417 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1361083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1361083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:411-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1144737_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leonie J. Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Leonie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Author-Name: Barbara Norman Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Norman Author-Name: Peter O'Brien Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: O'Brien Author-Name: Robert Tanton Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Tanton Title: An institutional perspective on programme integration Abstract: Integration is an approach used in practical evidence-based policy development to learn and share insights between different disciplines, models, policy arenas, methods, audiences, researchers and policy makers. The aim of this article is to use an institutional perspective to investigate an integrative research programme, the Murray-Darling Basin Futures Collaborative Research Network based at the University of Canberra, Australia, analysing the actors, resources and rules used to deliver integration outcomes. This innovative examination of integration provides some new insights for the integration literature as well as for policy makers and academics involved in integration programmes. Specifically the paper identifies that both the formal and informal rules are significant in facilitating the process of integration across research teams, themes and projects. The case study highlights the merits of multiple integration activities structured to encompass diverse integration approaches, modes of communication, actors and media across both social and cognitive outcomes. It also identifies that the set of necessary institutional conditions for integration (i.e. favourable institutional arrangements, suitable integrating framework and available resources) are not sufficient for delivery unless values and behaviour and incentives for action are also achieved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 418-431 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1144737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:418-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188905_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Susan J. Nichols Author-X-Name-First: Susan J. Author-X-Name-Last: Nichols Author-Name: Sue J. Powell Author-X-Name-First: Sue J. Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Author-Name: Michael Peat Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Peat Author-Name: William Johnson Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson Title: An evidence-based approach for integrating ecological, hydrological and consumptive models to optimize flow management: a proof of concept Abstract: Implementing policies to return water to the environment is challenging. We developed an approach to integrate ecological responses with river management models to provide a link between flow and ecology. This paper aims to summarize the findings of a multifaceted project bringing together multiple lines of evidence to achieve a proof-of-concept approach for optimizing water use to support water policy and management decisions. We developed an eco-hydrology model that represents rivers, water storages, operational constraints, flow management, an ecological response and consumptive irrigation demands, which is linked to climate. To demonstrate the proof of concept, we describe a case study where modelling optimization seeks solutions to minimize terrestrial vegetation encroachment (an ecological response) and maximize irrigation net value through flow management. The solutions provide a range of alternative ‘optimal’ management options to consider. Ultimately, hydrological modelling that integrates both consumptive use and ecological response simultaneously is important to enhance stakeholder understanding of the complexities and trade-offs involved in implementing different decisions. Although proof of concept at this stage, the approaches offer potential for integration of river management models and quantitative ecological response models (derived by considering available evidence from many sources) to support water policy and management decisions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 432-446 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:432-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188907_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jarrod Kath Author-X-Name-First: Jarrod Author-X-Name-Last: Kath Author-Name: Fiona J. Dyer Author-X-Name-First: Fiona J. Author-X-Name-Last: Dyer Title: Why groundwater matters: an introduction for policy-makers and managers Abstract: In many parts of the world the combined pressures of population growth and a drying climate have resulted in the proliferation of water focused policies which aim to increase the resilience of socio-ecological systems. Until recently, these policies often reflected surface water centric views of water resources, with groundwater receiving scant attention. In this paper we provide an introduction to the importance of groundwater for water-dependent socio-ecological systems and why it needs to be better incorporated into environmental water management policies. Specifically we highlight the key role of groundwater in buffering the environment and socio-economic activities against drought. We also outline some of the key challenges that face policy-makers and managers implementing groundwater management policies. These include dealing with groundwater resources that are spatially and temporally mismatched with surface water resources; transboundary governance issues; challenges between focusing on either preventative or restorative actions and most importantly limited knowledge about groundwater resources and groundwater–ecology relationships. We hope that the information in this paper will assist in the development of sustainable surface-groundwater water management policies, as well as highlight important challenges that should be considered before implementing groundwater related policies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 447-461 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:447-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1188908_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Melanie (Lain) Dare Author-X-Name-First: Melanie (Lain) Author-X-Name-Last: Dare Author-Name: Katherine A. Daniell Author-X-Name-First: Katherine A. Author-X-Name-Last: Daniell Title: Australian water governance in the global context: understanding the benefits of localism Abstract: Effective water governance is essential for sustainable global futures. However, conflicting water values increases tension in water governance, highlighting the need for governance systems able to cope with competing objectives. In this paper, we explore the potential for ‘localism’ to improve water governance through increased social learning and institutional integration. We argue that localism can provide a bridge between policy-makers and policy-implementers, as long as there is sufficient capacity to effectively engage. Following the work of Orsini [2013. “Multi-Forum Non-State Actors: Navigating the Regime Complexes for Forestry and Genetic Resources.” Global Environmental Politics 13 (3): 34–55], we consider that this capacity is influenced by the availability of ‘power resources’; namely material, ideational and organizational power. Using a conceptual framework combining power resources and localism strategies, two examples of localism in the implementation of the Murray–Darling Basin Plan are explored. We find that localism can provide the necessary resources for effective water governance, although consideration of the challenges of localism highlights the need for a mix of localism strategies due to variable resource availability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 462-481 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1188908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1188908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:462-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1194386_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Huong Dinh Author-X-Name-First: Huong Author-X-Name-Last: Dinh Author-Name: Anne Daly Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Daly Author-Name: Ben Freyens Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Freyens Title: Farm adjustment strategies to water-related challenges in the Murray-Darling Basin Abstract: The paper examines how Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) farmers respond to water-related challenges such as induced by climate change and environmental policy. This is a critical and ongoing aspect of farming operations in Australia’s largest watershed. Using the 2013 Regional Wellbeing Survey data, we show that irrigators and dryland farmers adjust their production processes and business models using a wide range of strategies, with irrigators adopting more strategies than dryland farmers and investment-related strategies being the most prevalent form of adjustment. The extent of adjustment depends on farm characteristics: large, intensive-farming units, on-farm income-dependent and annual cropping farmers were more likely to adapt among irrigators. Irrigators also generally place more importance on water-related strategies than output- and input-related strategies. Amongst dryland farmers, hobby farming, non-intensive-farming and perennial cropping units were more likely to adjust than other dryland farms. These empirical findings inform the important debate about developing and targeting adequate policy support for structural adjustment of farming operations in the MDB. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 482-501 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2016.1194386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2016.1194386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:482-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1360437_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lyndal Hasselman Author-X-Name-First: Lyndal Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselman Author-Name: Gerry Stoker Author-X-Name-First: Gerry Author-X-Name-Last: Stoker Title: Market-based governance and water management: the limits to economic rationalism in public policy Abstract: Markets are powerful mechanisms for social coordination but critics claim that there are potential negative impacts. Market exchange can exacerbate inequalities in society. The invisible hand of market decision-making can lead to major social choices not being publicly aired. Market mechanisms can crowd out moral motivations with negative consequences. Water markets have long been promoted as one of the most efficient ways to reallocate water by economists. Focusing on an exemplary implementation of the water market in Australia, our results suggest that some features of the way market-based governance systems work match the concerns of market critics. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 502-517 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1360437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1360437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:5:p:502-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1337090_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jeroen J. L. Candel Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen J. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Candel Title: Holy Grail or inflated expectations? The success and failure of integrated policy strategies Abstract: Governments and international organizations increasingly pursue the development of integrated policy strategies to govern persistent societal problems that crosscut the boundaries of traditional jurisdictions. In spite of the rising popularity of such integrated strategies, little is known about their effects. Although it is generally assumed that integrated strategies result in better outcomes, the evidence base to support this claim is sparse. This is not to say that no attempts to study the relationship between integrated strategies and policy outcomes have been undertaken at all; this paper presents a research synthesis of the fragmented evidence base. Eligible studies are interpreted and discussed by using a heuristic that distinguishes between programmatic and political success and failure. Apart from synthesizing the impacts that integrated strategies have had, the paper reflects on associated explanatory conditions and methodological approaches that have been used. The review almost exclusively finds reports of failure and constraining conditions. At the same time, methodological approaches are found to be largely unconvincing and considerable research gaps remain. The paper, therefore, ends with a nuanced answer to the question of whether integrated strategies are worth pursuing and sets out various avenues for further research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 519-552 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1337090 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1337090 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:519-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1339239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jale Tosun Author-X-Name-First: Jale Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun Author-Name: Achim Lang Author-X-Name-First: Achim Author-X-Name-Last: Lang Title: Policy integration: mapping the different concepts Abstract: A growing number of studies have examined the collaboration of actors from two or more policy domains in order to integrate aims and concerns derived from one policy domain into another. In our literature review, we refer to this empirical phenomenon as ‘policy integration’, exemplified by the Health in All Policies approach. Despite the wealth of literature on the subject, the scientific community only has access to a portion of the insights that have come out of this field of research, due primarily to the fact that policy integration is discussed using a variety of different terms, which tend to be specific to the policy domain under investigation. To facilitate a more inclusive scientific debate on policy integration, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different terminologies associated with policy integration and analyse the recurring themes in the respective literature strands. What is the motivation for policy-makers to promote policy integration? What is the design of the instruments used for policy integration? How does policy integration affect the policy-making process? And how well does policy integration perform? These are the four questions guiding our study. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 553-570 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1339239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1339239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:553-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1384543_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Falk Daviter Author-X-Name-First: Falk Author-X-Name-Last: Daviter Title: Coping, taming or solving: alternative approaches to the governance of wicked problems Abstract: One of the truisms of policy analysis is that policy problems are rarely solved. As an ever-increasing number of policy issues are identified as an inherently ill-structured and intractable type of wicked problem, the question of what policy analysis sets out to accomplish has emerged as more central than ever. If solving wicked problems is beyond reach, research on wicked problems needs to provide a clearer understanding of the alternatives. The article identifies and explicates three distinguishable strategies of problem governance: coping, taming and solving. It shows that their intellectual premises and practical implications clearly contrast in core respects. The article argues that none of the identified strategies of problem governance is invariably more suitable for dealing with wicked problems. Rather than advocate for some universally applicable approach to the governance of wicked problems, the article asks under what conditions different ways of governing wicked problems are analytically reasonable and normatively justified. It concludes that a more systematic assessment of alternative approaches of problem governance requires a reorientation of the debate away from the conception of wicked problems as a singular type toward the more focused analysis of different dimensions of problem wickedness. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 571-588 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1384543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1384543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:571-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1384544_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Chou Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Chou Title: Combatting voter ignorance: a vertical model of epistocratic voting Abstract: In light of recent political events, prominent scholars have argued that voters ignorant of the issues should be disqualified from taking part in decisions that have the potential to alter political landscapes. As convincing as this literature is in highlighting voter ignorance, it fails to differentiate between local, state, and federal elections and how levels of political knowledge are often scale-dependent. If the level of median voter ignorance is not uniform from one level of government to the next, then neither can the reforms proposed to combat it. In this article, I adapt Bell’s vertical model of democratic meritocracy to argue that the larger the election, the more complex the issues, the more explicit the epistocratic safeguards needed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 589-603 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1384544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1384544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:589-603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1386442_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tomas Hellström Author-X-Name-First: Tomas Author-X-Name-Last: Hellström Author-Name: Merle Jacob Author-X-Name-First: Merle Author-X-Name-Last: Jacob Title: Policy instrument affordances: a framework for analysis Abstract: The present study uses the concept of technological efficacy derived from ecological psychology and design studies to offer an alternative way of analyzing how policy instruments affect change. Reasoning from this, the paper outlines a framework for analyzing policy instruments in terms of their affordances. We define affordances as the means through which an instrument exerts influence on its intended target audience. Using this approach, we contend that policy instruments may be analyzed as interfaces that organize social relations and create structures of opportunity and/or restrict possibilities for action. We argue that explicating the pathways through which instruments afford or constrain action is a central task for policy analysis. Our proposed framework of analysis builds on the idea that instruments yield effects by facilitating action and learning. We further contend that the actions that an instrument can facilitate or inhibit are determined by specific affordance modalities of the instrument in conjunction with contingencies of the actor and the policy environment. Examples from research policy are used to illustrate some of these effects. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 604-621 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1386442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1386442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:604-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1386783_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alessandro Morselli Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Morselli Title: From Keynes to a theoretical-political approach to conventional economics Abstract: The aim of this study is twofold. The first is to question the claim that the price system is the only form of coordination of individual actions. The attempt to overcome this assumption highlights the need for other forms of coordination to regulate behaviours that are not price-related, proposing the concept of Keynesian Convention as a special kind of coordination. The second is an effort to define the theoretical-political dimension of the economics of conventions. In fact, focusing on the strategic approach of conventions, depending on whether the concept of a convention is used to resolve problems finding a balance in coordination games, it seems reasonable to seek a political dimension of the economics of conventions. We will show how the assumptions underlying the theory of general economic balance are extremely restrictive, because they assume a complete lack of uncertainty or strategic interaction between the different agents. For the purpose of ensuring objectivity, we will highlight the role of the concept of the convention as a mechanism of coordination that transcends prices. Finally, although the standard theory strives to prove otherwise, the narrow path of validation is proof that an analysis of coordination cannot consider only the price system and is inseparable from the concept of rules. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 622-639 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1386783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1386783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:622-639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1391193_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sultan Barakat Author-X-Name-First: Sultan Author-X-Name-Last: Barakat Author-Name: Thomas Waldman Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Waldman Title: Cumulative influence: the case of political settlements research in British policy Abstract: The concept of the political settlement has risen to occupy a central place in British policy toward conflict-affected and fragile states. Yet, at around the turn of the millennium, the term was barely mentioned in official circles and the so-called ‘good governance’ approach held sway as the dominant operational mode. So, how had this transformation in policy approach come about and what was the role of research? In this article, we demonstrate that research played a central role in influencing the rhetoric of policymakers through a process we term ‘cumulative influence’. Indeed, the subject of political settlements represents an excellent case study for understanding the dynamics of research utilisation. It allows us to build on existing models and suggest useful ways forward in this important area of public policy analysis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 640-663 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1391193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1391193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:38:y:2017:i:6:p:640-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1376631_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kamila Lewandowska Author-X-Name-First: Kamila Author-X-Name-Last: Lewandowska Title: Are polish theatres autonomous? Artistic institutions in a bureaucratic system of culture funding Abstract: The culture funding systems based on the arm's length mechanism are generally believed to secure more autonomy of artistic institutions than ‘bureaucratic’ systems which directly involve politicians or public servants in the allocation of public funds. There is a wide range of academic literature that defend this approach. The aim of this paper is to readdress this view and show that it stems from typology-based preconceptions rather than real-life policy-making. To this end, the article analyses relations between public theatres and local funding bodies in Poland, where culture funding system is characterised by a bureaucratic decision-making. Mixed methods were applied using questionnaires and focus groups with public servants and theatre directors. The paper suggests that, although Polish local governments play a dominant role in the arts funding, their intervention in the area of culture has merely administrative nature and, in general, does not entail interference in the artistic activity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1376631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1376631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1386782_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Helge Staff Author-X-Name-First: Helge Author-X-Name-Last: Staff Title: Partisan effects and policy entrepreneurs. New Labour’s impact on British law and order policy Abstract: Under successive New Labour administrations British law and order policy experienced a significant shift. The literature, however, falls short to empirically substantiate whether this change can be attributed to the ideological preferences of the party in power – neither on the aggregate-level nor in terms of a causal mechanism. This study develops a novel partisan effects mechanism linking the notion of policy-seeking party elites with the notion of policy entrepreneurship. The applied mixed-method research design confirms a partisan link in two ways: On the aggregate-level, the first systematic analysis of the complete law and order legislation from 1990 to 2014 allows to assess the significant policy change as well as its correlation with partisan effects. On the micro-level, a qualitative analysis traces these effects within the political process of a single piece of legislation highlighting policy entrepreneurs as a causal mechanism of partisan effects. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 19-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1386782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1386782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:19-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1410879_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Giorgio Di Pietro Author-X-Name-First: Giorgio Author-X-Name-Last: Di Pietro Title: Do media play a role in promoting vocational education and training? The case of MasterChef Abstract: It is often suggested that vocational education and training (VET) could be key to cut youth unemployment. VET programmes may provide young people with specific professional qualifications that enable them to successfully compete in the labour market. However, despite the great emphasis placed by governments and other institutions on these programmes, VET appears to be far from reaching its full potential in many countries. One barrier preventing students from pursuing this type of education is the stigma associated with VET. This paper looks at the role of media in changing the negative social perceptions of VET. Specifically, it examines whether in Italy the growing popularity of the cooking television reality show MasterChef has led to an increase in the number of students willing to study for a vocational qualification in hospitality and catering. The empirical results show that an increase in the number of MasterChef's viewers is associated with a higher proportion of students willing to attend hospitality and catering schools. This finding suggests that popular television cooking series like MasterChef may be a vehicle through which the image and the attractiveness of VET can be improved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 37-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1410879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1410879 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:37-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1410880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Da Kyoung Kim Author-X-Name-First: Da Kyoung Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Pan Suk Kim Author-X-Name-First: Pan Suk Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: PerOla Öberg Author-X-Name-First: PerOla Author-X-Name-Last: Öberg Title: Deliberative policy-making and its limitations: the case of the Charter of Human Rights for Seoul Citizens in South Korea Abstract: Recent criticism of representative liberal democracy has spurred democratic experiments involving citizen consultations in deliberative forums. However, more research is needed in order to understand the conditions necessary to make them work. The aim of this paper is to help mitigate this deficiency and at the same time contribute to an informed reflection over the specific conditions for deliberative democracy in Korea. The study focuses on a unique deliberative process organized in order to establish a Charter of Human Rights for Seoul Citizens. Several lessons from this democratic experiment are discussed. While the process worked surprisingly well, its legitimacy was questioned because of controversies over the representativeness of participants and the involvement of external stakeholders. Although a complete consensus was not reached, initially disrespectful attitudes changed within the process to a situation where diverging positions were better acknowledged. How ideas of deliberation can be implemented in real-world public policy-making is discussed based on these findings. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 54-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1410880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2017.1410880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:54-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1434872_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Evangelia Petridou Author-X-Name-First: Evangelia Author-X-Name-Last: Petridou Title: Entrepreneurship in the Swedish municipal polis: the case of Mer [*] Östersund Abstract: Scholars in political science and policy studies have been paying increasing attention to a specific kind of actor, the policy entrepreneur, as an agent of change. Less attention has been paid to the contextual factors that may shape entrepreneurial action as most of the extant research is performed in pluralistic systems and in high complexity policy sectors. This is a study of a routine planning process in the municipality of Östersund in Northern Sweden with the purpose of studying the kind of actors that may act entrepreneurially (the who); the kind of strategies they use; and what contextual powers facilitate these strategies (the how). This two-and-a-half-year routine, low-complexity process was analyzed with in-depth interviews and a survey, participant observation, document analysis, and formal social network analysis. Findings suggest that professional administrators acted entrepreneurially by employing a set of six strategies while the members of civil society were central – though not entrepreneurial – participants. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 70-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1434872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1434872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:70-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1434873_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sara Kahn-Nisser Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Kahn-Nisser Title: Linkage leverage democratization and liberalization: is promoting democracy the same as promoting human rights? Abstract: Research on transnational human rights promotion and democratization often assumes that human rights promotion and democratization promotion are the same. But evidences from recent studies give reasons to question this assumption. This article compares the EU’s influence on democratization and human rights reforms in 29 countries in East-Europe West-Asia, the Middle East, and North-Africa. The results indicate that the impact of the EU on human rights protection is more notable than its impact on democracy levels. The article explains these results based on the lower level of threat to regime survival as a result of human rights reform, compared to democratization; the transmission of a clear message regarding the importance of the issue of human rights to the EU and to the member states; and the strong economic leverage the EU possess. The article draws policy implications including matching each policy goal with the most effective instruments to achieve it. The most effective human rights promotion instrument is economic pressure whereas democratization is more influenced by emulation processes than by economic pressure. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 90-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1434873 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1434873 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:90-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451499_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stefan Kühner Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Kühner Title: Partisan ideology, veto players and their combined effect on productive and protective welfare policy: how the left still matters after all? Abstract: Quantitative analysis of the question whether ‘parties still matter’ has largely focused on the dynamics of aggregated expenditure-based dependent variables or protective welfare policies such as unemployment, sickness and family benefits. This article develops a series of pooled time-series cross-section regression specifications predicting changes in disaggregated protective welfare policies alongside productive welfare policies, namely family services, active labour market programmes and public education, across 17 Western democracies (1971–2010). In so doing, it employs the latest Comparative Manifesto Project [Volkens, A., P. Lehmann, N. Merz, S. Regel, and A. Werner. 2014. The Manifesto Data Collection. Manifesto Project (MRG/CMP/MARPOR). Version 2014b. Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB). Accessed January 2015. https://manifestoproject.wzb.eu/information/information] and Veto Player [Jahn, D., T. Behm, N. Düpont, and C. Oberst. 2012. Parties, Institutions & Preferences: Veto Player (Annual), Version 2012–02. Accessed January 2015. http://comparativepolitics.uni-greifswald.de/data.html] data to explore the effect of the ideological position of prime ministers’ parties, veto players and their combined effect on these welfare policy areas. The article confirms that Left and Right governments ceased to make any substantive difference for protective welfare policies from the early 1980s onwards. Yet, it also finds that positive Left partisan effects have largely persisted for productive welfare policies. In the era of global competition, Left party ideology has continued to be an important factor in realising a social investment perspective in practice; in terms of the expansion of family services, its effects have been contingent on the veto power Left prime ministers faced. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 165-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:165-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1435042_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Parvin Safari Author-X-Name-First: Parvin Author-X-Name-Last: Safari Author-Name: Nasser Rashidi Author-X-Name-First: Nasser Author-X-Name-Last: Rashidi Title: Democratic assessment as scales of justice: the case of three Iranian high-stakes tests Abstract: High-stakes tests are often used as instruments of agenda-setting and control in developing areas to enable policy-makers to establish and embed education policy agendas throughout the education system and society. As an alternative method, Critical Language Testing assumes that tests are value-laden instruments and products of political, social, cultural, and ideologically driven educational agendas. This article critically examines three Iranian high-stakes tests (the National University Entrance Exam, the MA/MS Exam, and PhD examinations) to evaluate whether covert policies and agendas are being deployed in the Iranian context. It applies qualitative methods and Strauss and Corbin’s [1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. London: Sage] constant comparative method to demonstrate the existence of clear patterns of domination. Democratic testing is therefore suggested as a way forward by which policy-makers can operationalize a just and fair exam whereby testing parties’ ideas, and intuitions are equally taken into account and their rights are protected. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 127-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1435042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1435042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:127-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451503_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: E. (Ellen) Minkman Author-X-Name-First: E. (Ellen) Author-X-Name-Last: Minkman Author-Name: M. W. (Arwin) van Buuren Author-X-Name-First: M. W. (Arwin) Author-X-Name-Last: van Buuren Author-Name: V. J. J. M. (Victor) Bekkers Author-X-Name-First: V. J. J. M. (Victor) Author-X-Name-Last: Bekkers Title: Policy transfer routes: an evidence-based conceptual model to explain policy adoption Abstract: Although studies on policy transfer have expanded, a general and comprehensive understanding of policy transfer is lacking. This study offers an evidence-based explanation of policy transfer processes. We extracted constraining and facilitating factors from 180 empirical studies using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) and aggregated these factors into a conceptual framework. We synthesize our findings in four “transfer routes”. We conclude that actors could shape a subset of those factors by taking certain decisions regarding transferability, adoptability and process design, albeit within the boundaries of the environment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 222-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:222-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451500_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pepijn van Houwelingen Author-X-Name-First: Pepijn Author-X-Name-Last: van Houwelingen Title: Local autonomy, municipal size and local political participation in Europe Abstract: Local autonomy in Europe has, on average, increased since 1990 and has decreased (a little) since 2009. The average population size of a European municipality has increased continuously during the last two decades. European countries with larger municipalities do not have more local autonomy. Citizens of large municipalities are less interested in local political matters. Inhabitants of small municipalities tend to be more interested in local political matters when their municipalities have more local autonomy while a similar strong correlation between local autonomy and local political interest cannot be established for larger municipalities. Finally, a discrepancy exists between the stated policy objectives of many European countries that support both decentralization and (more) local political participation on the one hand and actual policy results on the other hand that are not necessarily in line with increasing local autonomy and stimulating local political participation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 188-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:188-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451498_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Melissa Graham Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Author-Name: Hayley McKenzie Author-X-Name-First: Hayley Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie Author-Name: Greer Lamaro Author-X-Name-First: Greer Author-X-Name-Last: Lamaro Title: Exploring the Australian policy context relating to women’s reproductive choices Abstract: This study explored Australian federal level policy instruments which influence and impact on women’s reproductive choices and the consequences of those choices. A systematic policy search and mapping exercise was undertaken. Eighteen policy instruments were identified at the Federal level and were explored through a policy framework and thematic analysis. Findings indicate there are multiple layers of influence on women’s reproductive choices and the consequences of those choices, and the policy instruments interact in multiple dynamic, interconnected and contextual ways. Yet, they also lack cohesion and congruency, failing to account for women’s life circumstances while at the same time shifting the promoted position for women in each policy instrument. The policy instruments seek to regulate, control and selectively support women’s reproduction while simultaneously silencing, marginalising and reprimanding some groups of women. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 145-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:145-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1434874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Emma Björnehed Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Björnehed Author-Name: Josefina Erikson Author-X-Name-First: Josefina Author-X-Name-Last: Erikson Title: Making the most of the frame: developing the analytical potential of frame analysis Abstract: Frame analysis has been developed and applied across contexts in several disciplines such as policy analysis, where the perspective has proven fruitful to carve out essential differences in the construction of meaning and to understand the responsiveness of the strategic use of ideas. However, this article argues in line with other scholars that the analytical potential of frame analysis is not fully utilized in most empirical studies. The article addresses two points of critique raised against frame analytical perspectives: the limited view of the framing process and the limited understanding of frame effects. We suggest two analytical dimensions that help to develop the analytical potential of frame analysis in policy analysis and beyond: firstly, the institutionalization process of frames which can capture the struggle of meaning within policy processes and also distinguish between the varying influences of different frames over space and time. Secondly, the extension of frame effects that through a reconceptualization of frame effects can capture how a frame has an effect on actors other than the audience and beyond its immediate purpose. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 109-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1434874 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1434874 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:109-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Gene Rowe Author-X-Name-First: Gene Author-X-Name-Last: Rowe Author-Name: Richard Patrick Watermeyer Author-X-Name-First: Richard Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Watermeyer Title: Dilemmas of public participation in science policy Abstract: Public participation is ubiquitous in many contemporary democratic societies – used for many purposes, and in many contexts, with particular and growing relevance for policy-making on science and technology issues. However, there is a dearth of evidence as to its qualities and benefits. We contend that the implementation and interpretation of participation faces a number of dilemmas that – together –undermine its successful adoption. In this paper, we identify and discuss six specific dilemmas that – together – may militate against the practice and development of good quality participation in science and technology policy, notably dilemmas of Timing; of Relevance; of Representation; of Evaluation; of Criticism; and of Impact. We theoretically account for these dilemmas and discuss their likely impacts. Finally, we provide some suggestions as to how the participation community might attempt to pre-empt difficulties due to these dilemmas and demonstrate participation effectiveness. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 204-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:2:p:204-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1475641_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Henrik Bang Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Bang Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: Populism versus neo-liberalism: is there a way forward? Abstract: Populism is a contested concept. In this conclusion we do not want to rehearse these contestations. Rather, we re-emphasize: the extent of the threat that populism poses for liberal democracy; the failure of most mainstream Economists and Political Science to understand the nature of the threat; and the putative ways of renewing democracy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 251-259 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1475641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1475641 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:251-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1475638_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Simon Tormey Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Tormey Title: Populism: democracy's Pharmakon? Abstract: This paper seeks to resolve one of the key tensions in the literature on populism: whether populism is a threat to democracy or the best means of renewing and deepening democracy. The author argues that, rather than defining populism in terms of certain definite outcomes, we should view populism as a symptom of crisis, and one capable of producing a variety of possible effects, some positive and some negative. The argument is pursued in terms of highlighting certain shortcomings in terms of the dominant approaches to the issue, and also through exploring recent Spanish politics, which has seen an increase in various kinds of populist parties and movements. The renewal of democracy in Spain is offered as an example of how populist initiatives can have beneficial outcomes, as well as detrimental ones. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 260-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1475638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1475638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:260-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1478409_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Henrik P. Bang Author-X-Name-First: Henrik P. Author-X-Name-Last: Bang Title: The American dream: who else but the young can revive it? Abstract: Many in the mainstream see the rise of populism and the victory of Donald J. Trump as a minor, transient, disturbance of the balance between stability and pluralism in liberal democracy, caused by a temporary economic setback promoting a cultural backlash in the shape of an emotionally driven nativism, traditionalism and anti-politics. For them, it will disappear again as soon as the economy recovers and progressive, reasonable and multicultural, post-materialist values take charge of democracy again. In contrast, I argue that populism constitutes a serious threat to, perhaps the end of, American democracy as we know it, with its dream of creating a viable coupling between outward-looking progressivists and inward-looking traditionalists. The situation calls for the young to intervene and reinvigorate democracy. They have been nudged by neoliberals to express themselves and seek success above all else, and they feel in their everyday life the kind of anxiety and fear of failures that this can create. Consequently, they have invented new, flatter, less organized and more personalized ways of engaging, identifying and pursuing common concerns online and offline. This carries the germ of a new connective democracy breaking with both neoliberalism and populism in order to reboot the American dream. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 274-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1478409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1478409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:274-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1478407_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Kerr Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Kerr Author-Name: Emma Foster Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Alex Oaten Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Oaten Author-Name: Neema Begum Author-X-Name-First: Neema Author-X-Name-Last: Begum Title: Getting back in the DeLorean: modernization vs. anti-modernization in contemporary British politics Abstract: This article highlights a growing clash between mainstream modernizing and populist anti-modernizing forces in the UK. Whilst scholarship on UK party politics has, for the past three decades, focussed on processes of party modernization, little attention has been paid to the countervailing processes of resistance towards modernization. This contrasts with comparative studies, which show that throughout much of Europe modernization processes have worked to produce populist backlashes from anti-modernizing forces seeking to reassert various types of traditional values and practices. Drawing on the comparative literature on modernization, our argument here is that a similar populist backlash against modernization is occurring across the political spectrum in the UK and has been a factor in: the rise of nationalism associated with UKIP and the SNP; the 2016 BREXIT vote and the efforts of both Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and Conservative PM Theresa May to distance their parties from the legacies of their modernizing predecessors. Empirically, we show how this increasingly prevalent line of conflict is playing out in the UK, whilst theoretically we argue that a discourse theoretical approach can provide significant advantages over existing approaches for understanding the dynamic interplay between modernizing and anti-modernizing discourses. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 292-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1478407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1478407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:292-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1475639_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Patrick Dunleavy Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Dunleavy Title: “Build a wall”. “Tax a shed”. “Fix a debt limit”. The constructive and destructive potential of populist anti-statism and “naïve” statism Abstract: Populist surges, movements and parties often centre around radically simplifying policy proposals, sometimes anti-statist in intent (e.g. fix a limit to state borrowing in cash terms), and at other times pushing naïve statist solutions (e.g. build a giant wall to keep out migrants; or tax companies' activities in a given shed, not their profits). Most liberal political science condemns the crudity and often unrestrained vigour of populist “solutions”. But on occasion, they can have value in counteracting the increasing complexities that elites often build into public policies. Two case studies show populist pressure for simplification working effectively in one instance – the “tax shaming” campaign against multinationals avoiding corporation taxes; and engendering only disorder in another instance – the effort to enforce national debt limits in nominal terms in the USA. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 310-333 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1475639 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1475639 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:310-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1478408_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Albert W. Dzur Author-X-Name-First: Albert W. Author-X-Name-Last: Dzur Author-Name: Carolyn M. Hendriks Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks Title: Thick populism: democracy-enhancing popular participation Abstract: This article posits that some forms of popular participation offer important resources for democratic renewal. It develops a conceptual distinction between thin and thick varieties of populism. Thin populist movements mobilize popular support to replace elite leaders by undermining or corroding the deliberative and inclusionary principles of representative government. In contrast, thick populist movements seek to modify or alter the practices and conventions of representative government by offering democracy-enhancing and trust-building organizational forms and political practices. This distinction between thin and thick populism helps identify a swath of normative and practical common-ground occupied by populists and deliberative democratic reformers and innovators, who have also held deeply critical views of representative democracy. The article discusses four contemporary examples of democratic innovation (broadly understood) to illustrate how thick populism can take root in organizations, institutions, campaigns, and in the efforts of everyday citizens. Consideration is given to the lessons that contemporary forms of thick populism offer for advocates of participatory and deliberative democratic innovation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 334-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1478408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1478408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:334-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1475640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Henrik Bang Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Bang Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: Populism: a major threat to democracy? Abstract: Unsurprisingly, given the surge in support for “populist” movements across the globe, there has been a resurgence of academic interest in the subject. Our aim in this volume is to explore some of the key issues in these contemporary debates. In this introduction, we focus upon five of the main questions raised in this literature: What is populism? What variants of it are there? How serious a problem is the rise of populism? Why has there been a rise in populism? And how can populism be addressed? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 352-363 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1475640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1475640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:3:p:352-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1451504_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Matthew Hall Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Emma Vines Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Vines Title: A changing democracy: contemporary challenges to the British political tradition Abstract: A series of authors including ourselves have argued that there is a dominant, if contested, political tradition (the BPT), that is a particular conception of democracy, that underpins to institutions and processes of British politics. However, here we argue that the BPT has never been more contested or vulnerable, focusing upon three contemporary challenges, the Scottish question, the rise of anti-politics and the demands to leave the European Union (EU), culminating in BREXIT, although we recognise there are others. At the same time, we contend that the BPT still plays a key role in how the political elite reacts to these challenges; its first response remains to preserve as much of the BPT as possible in changing circumstances. As such, the key question we address here is whether we are witnessing the beginnings of a fundamental shift in the nature of British political democracy, or whether, as so often before, the BPT and its adherents will adapt to, and accommodate, these challenges. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 365-382 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:4:p:365-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1472757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Madison Cartwright Author-X-Name-First: Madison Author-X-Name-Last: Cartwright Title: Who cares about Reddit? Historical institutionalism and the fight against the Stop Online Piracy Act and the PROTECT Intellectual Property Act Abstract: In May 2011, the PROTECT Intellectual Property Act (PIPA) was introduced to the United States Senate boasting 31 sponsors from both the Democratic and Republican Party. By January 2012 PIPA, along with counterpart in the House of Representatives known as the Stop Online Piracy Act was indefinitely shelved. Many have attributed this dramatic shift to the widespread backlash against the bills from online activists. The case thus suggests that the Internet has emerged as a powerful tool in allowing ordinary citizens to displace the entrenched power of special interests groups. However, given the role of activists and their rhetorical framing strategies in the defeat of the bills, the case also has theoretical implications for historical institutionalism. Namely, how can historical institutionalism, which favours institutions over agency, especially when explaining continuity, account for this? Can historical institutionalism account for agency, institutions, continuity and change in a unified way? This article responds in two ways. First, it argues that internet companies, not activists, were crucial in explaining the defeat of the bills. Second, it argues, it proposes a unified historical institutionalist approach to research, capable of explaining agency within institutions in institutional continuity and change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 383-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1472757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1472757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:4:p:383-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1478075_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Zsolt Boda Author-X-Name-First: Zsolt Author-X-Name-Last: Boda Author-Name: Veronika Patkós Author-X-Name-First: Veronika Author-X-Name-Last: Patkós Title: Driven by politics: agenda setting and policy-making in Hungary 2010–2014 Abstract: Studies on media and politics generally find an effect of the media on the symbolic policy agenda. Analysing data from the Hungarian Comparative Agendas Project, we demonstrate that this effect is extremely weak in the Hungarian policy-making process. We identified those issues that received greater than average coverage in the media. However, we found that in the majority of cases governmental initiatives or decisions preceded the media coverage – that is, instead of the media agenda pulling the policy agenda, the general logic is the opposite: the media are talking about the policy initiatives of the government. The ambition of the paper is twofold. First, our findings reinforce those claims in the literature that point to the many institutional and political factors affecting the media-politics nexus. This suggests that policy-making might be very different in new(er) democracies. Second, our research analyses the policy-making side of Viktor Orbán’s governance. Changes in the polity, democratic backlash and illiberal tendencies are usually the focus concerning the political changes in Hungary since 2010, but no attention has been devoted to how this type of governance is reflected in policy-making. Our paper seeks to make a contribution also in this respect. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 402-421 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1478075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1478075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:4:p:402-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1478406_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anthony Flynn Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Flynn Title: Investigating the implementation of SME-friendly policy in public procurement Abstract: Public sector employees with responsibility for purchasing are under increasing pressure to implement small and medium enterprise (SME)-friendly policies. Such policies are intended to make it easier for SMEs to compete for and win public sector contracts. In spite of the socio-economic importance of this issue, there remains a dearth of evidence on what is happening in practice. Using primary survey data from 271 public buyers in Ireland, this paper examines the extent to which SME-friendly procurement policy is being implemented and the individual and organization factors that affect implementation. The findings reveal a gap between what government policy recommends public buyers and their organizations should do to facilitate SMEs versus what they are actually doing. Policy familiarity, procurement involvement, organization size and the maturity of the procurement function are shown to be positively associated with the implementation of SME-friendly policy. For managers and legislators, the findings underline the need to invest in the human capital dimension of public procurement if policy implementation rates are to improve. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 422-443 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1478406 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1478406 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:4:p:422-443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1479521_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Iain Lindsey Author-X-Name-First: Iain Author-X-Name-Last: Lindsey Author-Name: Bella Bello Bitugu Author-X-Name-First: Bella Bello Author-X-Name-Last: Bitugu Title: Distinctive policy diffusion patterns, processes and actors: drawing implications from the case of sport in international development Abstract: This article examines the diffusion of “Sport for Development and Peace” (SDP) across sub-Saharan Africa following global policy impetus provided by international organizations, including the United Nations, since the start of the twenty-first century. In so doing, the article centres on a geographical region that has been unconsidered in the policy diffusion literature and, particularly, responds to calls for research into the effects of policy characteristics on diffusion mechanisms and patterns. This rationale beget methods that differed from the predominant use of quantitative, dichotomous indicators of policy diffusion, instead integrating data from global, international and national policy documents, from a review of SDP literature, and from stakeholder interviews in Ghana and Tanzania. Patterns of increasing governmental engagement with, but limited implementation of, SDP policies contrasted with the significant expansion of SDP provision by diverse NGOs. In turn, these patterns represented the varying influence of different diffusion mechanisms on state and non-state actors. Compared with the diffusion of other types of policies, these findings indicated the effects of an instrumental, malleable but complex global policy model for SDP diffusion. There is, therefore, significant value in further research that examines how policy diffusion may depend on the configuration of particular policy characteristics, mechanisms and actors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 444-464 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1479521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1479521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:4:p:444-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1479522_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: George Taylor Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Understanding risk and regulatory reform Abstract: There are few areas in regulation likely to cause more controversy than where risk, science and politics collide. While the case of Thalidomide shows that it is by no means an exclusively recent concern, David Vogel’s work confirms that it is an enduring theme of contemporary debate. Vogel has maintained that, while the American regulatory regime of the 1960s and 1970s may have been intensely contested, its European counterpart now displays significant similarities, so that the “Tortoise has now caught up with the Hare”. This article challenges such a view, suggesting that he has overstated the role of Precaution in European regulation, where it is qualified by other regulatory principles (BATNEEC, Proportionality and Subsidiarity) that embrace other socially valued objectives: economic growth, technological innovation and employment. Moreover, while the rhetoric of European regulation may evoke a concern with the role of science in regulation (often at the cutting edge, where precaution demands the evidentiary bar to intervention is lowered) in practise, its role (through risk assessments) has ensured that it is elevated. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 465-478 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1479522 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1479522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:465-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1481501_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Donley T. Studlar Author-X-Name-First: Donley T. Author-X-Name-Last: Studlar Author-Name: Gordon J. Burns Author-X-Name-First: Gordon J. Author-X-Name-Last: Burns Author-Name: Alessandro Cagossi Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Cagossi Title: Morality policy processes in advanced industrial democracies Abstract: In recent years, several countries have experienced widespread, intense debates about morality issues such as the death penalty, abortion, ART/stem cell research, same-sex marriage, and euthanasia. Assuming the distinctiveness of morality policies from other policy fields, this article analyses three alternative institutional models for explaining variations in the amount of conflict over these morality issues across 24 Western democracies. Is either the US-developed “policy type” model or the European-developed “two worlds” of morality politics, based on religious and secular party systems, applicable more broadly? Are there regional patterns (Europe and non-Europe) to any institutional findings? How does each model contribute to our understanding of morality policy comparatively across Western democracies? We find broader cross-national support for the policy type model, with the two worlds model largely restricted to Europe. The US has more morality policy conflict because of its unusual combination of a political party targeting religiously oriented voters within an institutional framework of multiple venues. The US and other non-European countries have similar patterns of institutional deliberation through decentralization, and the US also has similarities in multiple venues with religious party systems in Europe. Secular European party systems with centralized institutions have the fewest venues for morality policy debate. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 479-497 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1481501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1481501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:479-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1481502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Xiaojie Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Xiaojie Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Edward T. Jennings Author-X-Name-First: Edward T. Author-X-Name-Last: Jennings Author-Name: Ke Zhao Author-X-Name-First: Ke Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao Title: Determinants of environmental public participation in China: an aggregate level study based on political opportunity theory and post-materialist values theory Abstract: The level of public participation in response to environmental issues in China has significantly increased over the past 10 years. This expansion of participation occurred as the government was pursuing legislative and regulatory approaches to address environmental pollution. Factors contributing to the development of environmental public participation are explored based on the political opportunity theory and post-materialist values theory. Two participation styles are used as dependent variables in a panel data framework. The empirical results of an analysis of provincial level data indicate that the degree of openness to participation and economic development level show consistently significant impacts on the levels of different environmental participation styles, thus demonstrating the applicability of the political opportunity theory and Inglehart’s post-materialist values theory in predicting environmental public participation in China. The results also show that other variables, including educational level and environmental pollution level have different or even reverse effects depending on the form of participation examined. In general, the results are consistent with cross-national studies of environmental policy development and political participation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 498-514 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1481502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1481502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:498-514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1487050_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yi-En Tso Author-X-Name-First: Yi-En Author-X-Name-Last: Tso Author-Name: Pei-Lun Li Author-X-Name-First: Pei-Lun Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Lighting up communities: the worship streetlamp project in Luodong Township Abstract: To improve the performance of local streetlamp maintenance and management under the effects of the regional economic recession following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the Luodong (Yilan County, Taiwan) Township Office implemented a streetlamp sponsorship project in 2010 which combining streetlamp sponsorship and the installation of worship lamps at local religious organizations. With successful promotion and marketing strategies, many local residents and merchandisers participated in the project. This study analysed the project to investigate how a Taiwanese local government office employs innovative public policies to strengthen its governance. In-depth interviews with critical policy stakeholders and geographic information system-based spatial analysis was employed as the main methods. Several suggestions are offered in the conclusion of this study. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 515-534 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1487050 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1487050 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:515-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1487051_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Karin Zelano Author-X-Name-First: Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Zelano Title: Balancing informality and need – policy responses to informal East-West migration in Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden Abstract: The article provides an analysis of policy responses to mobile EU citizens without legal residence in the Netherlands, Austria and Sweden. A comparative case study design uses qualitative survey and interview data to identify national and local policy responses to the implications of EU citizens from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) living without legal residence in the aforementioned countries. The theoretical framework specifies how the institutional logic of welfare regimes is likely to generate policy responses that address need, sanction informality or do both. The choice indicates the priority given to redistributive outcomes, administrative procedures, or both. The results reveal similar responses to those implications relating to the labour market, but slightly different approaches to the implications in the social domain. Policy responses to labour market implications have predominantly focused on sanctioning informality. Swedish and Austrian policy responses in the social domain have focused on addressing need. Dutch policy responses to social issues instead focused on sanctioning informality, prioritizing procedure. The results indicate that local and national policy responses to implications of informal intra-EU migration may be fruitfully understood through the prism of welfare regimes and related approaches to need and informality. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 535-559 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1487051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1487051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:535-559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1501798_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Elizabeth Nisbet Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Nisbet Title: Tied farmworkers in free markets: congressional hearing debates on the roles of market and state from 1995 to 2012 Abstract: Within the larger immigration reform debate in the U.S., the nature of guestworker policies and the fate of undocumented farmworkers have occupied Congressional attention for over two decades. Farm employers have repeatedly come before Congress to seek change in the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Program; actors also debate the conditions or existence of a path to legalization for undocumented farmworkers. This article analyses transcripts of hearings in the U.S. Congress on these issues and connections between frames speakers utilize and the role of the state in labour supply and demand in the agriculture sector. Policy actors deploy free market frames to advance policies that actually reflect state roles in constructing markets rather than interference-free competition. Their discourse reveals that, as H-2A and immigration enforcement affects labour supply, policy changes expectations of employers and some Members of Congress for the labour market. They seek policies to respond not only to “labor shortages,” but to specific worker characteristics they seek in a labour force. This constructed labour demand is reflected in themes of ties to work, who will or will not take and perform well in farm jobs, and experience. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 560-580 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1501798 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1501798 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:5:p:560-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1530416_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Wahyu Sutiyono Author-X-Name-First: Wahyu Author-X-Name-Last: Sutiyono Author-Name: Agus Pramusinto Author-X-Name-First: Agus Author-X-Name-Last: Pramusinto Author-Name: Eko Prasojo Author-X-Name-First: Eko Author-X-Name-Last: Prasojo Title: Introduction to the mini special issue: understanding governance in Indonesia Abstract: This is the first of a series of mini special issues of Policy Studies which investigate different aspects of governance in developing areas. This issue investigates the changing nature of Indonesian governance focusing on: (1) the allocation of roles and responsibilities between different tiers of governance at the centre of the political domain; (2) the implementation of the conditions of ASEAN Economic Community reform; and (3) the role of academic administrative entrepreneurs in facilitating processes of administrative change. It draws on the multi-level governance literature developed in the study of the European Union providing unique insights into the emergence of new modes of governance in a period of democratic transition paying specific attention to the interaction between domestic and international sources of policy change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 581-588 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1530416 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:6:p:581-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1530413_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Erwan Agus Purwanto Author-X-Name-First: Erwan Agus Author-X-Name-Last: Purwanto Author-Name: Agus Pramusinto Author-X-Name-First: Agus Author-X-Name-Last: Pramusinto Title: Decentralization and functional assignment in Indonesia: the case of health and education services Abstract: This article assesses the impact of the decentralization process on multi-level governance in Indonesia by focusing on the functional assignment of roles and responsibilities among central, provincial and district/city governments. The case of functional assignment in the health and education sectors is used to analyse the decentralization effects of recent legal reforms and is evaluated using the managerial grid model. The research finds that despite recent reforms aimed at deconcentration, central government remains the dominant actor in the system of governance and the delivery of public services. Although in general local governments are allocated a large range of functions, they are not accompanied by sufficient budget allocation. It is observed that functional assignment delegated to local governments vary and should depend on the capacity of each region. To conclude there is a need to establish an independent institution that is responsible for functional assignment to regions in accordance with their respective capacity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 589-606 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1530413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:6:p:589-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1530414_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Gabriel Lele Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Lele Title: Compliance under fragmented governance: the case of ASEAN economic community implementation in four Indonesian city governments Abstract: This article assesses the degree of compliance with international commitments by looking at the dynamics of policy implementation in four Indonesian city governments in implementing the conditions of ASEAN Economic Community reform. The article identifies an implementation gap between formal international commitments and their achievement in practice. The nature of Indonesian governance explains the gap and brings into focus central-local government relationships under highly formally decentralized systems. While forging international commitments is an exclusive responsibility of central government, the implementation of those commitments unavoidably brings in local governments. Local governments under a decentralized system may lack the knowledge or capacity to implement decisions. They may have political and economic interests that encourage non-compliance. Both sets of factors feature in this study. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 607-621 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1530414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:6:p:607-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1530335_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ario Wicaksono Author-X-Name-First: Ario Author-X-Name-Last: Wicaksono Title: The role of policy transfer in Indonesian governance: the case of academic administrative entrepreneurs Abstract: The aim of this article is to evaluate the role and resources of academics-turned-senior bureaucrats as key agents of policy transfer in Indonesian bureaucratic reform during the Reformation era (1998–2018). Indonesia has a longstanding tradition of appointing academics into public office. In this research, the concept of Academic Administrative Entrepreneurs is introduced to better understand Indonesian administrative reform and the changing nature of Indonesian governance in a period of democratic transition. It is observed that social, political and knowledge capitals are key resources that enable Academic Administrative Entrepreneurs to influence processes of change governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 622-637 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1530335 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:6:p:622-637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1530415_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Agus Pramusinto Author-X-Name-First: Agus Author-X-Name-Last: Pramusinto Author-Name: Eko Prasojo Author-X-Name-First: Eko Author-X-Name-Last: Prasojo Author-Name: Wahyu Sutiyono Author-X-Name-First: Wahyu Author-X-Name-Last: Sutiyono Title: In conclusion – bridging the governance deficit Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 638-640 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1530415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:39:y:2018:i:6:p:638-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1526273_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sungsoo Hwang Author-X-Name-First: Sungsoo Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang Author-Name: Hyojin Song Author-X-Name-First: Hyojin Author-X-Name-Last: Song Title: Policy transfer and role of policy entrepreneur in international aid: exploring international development cases of Korea and Vietnam Abstract: This paper looks at how an innovative policy comes to be transferred to another country and be successfully implemented. We explore three key dimensions (time, location, and people) in policy transfer studies using two cases of international aid (Saemaul Undong and e-Government projects). Utilizing a case study method, this paper upholds the predominant role of the policy entrepreneur over the environment (different time frame and different social, political, economic systems). The stakeholder analysis shows that policy entrepreneur’s role is critical in making policy transfer successful. In part, this argument is in line with previous “Advocacy Networks” studies, such as that of Keck and Sikkink (1998), highlighted the importance of policy entrepreneurs being able to navigate in the networks of international development. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by applying Dolowitz and Marsh’s policy transfer framework in the international aid context and calls for further empirical research employing the network analysis method. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1526273 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1526273 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533109_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Obert Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Obert Author-Name: Yannis Theocharis Author-X-Name-First: Yannis Author-X-Name-Last: Theocharis Author-Name: Jan W. van Deth Author-X-Name-First: Jan W. Author-X-Name-Last: van Deth Title: Threats, chances and opportunities: social capital in Europe in times of social and economic hardship Abstract: The 2008 financial and economic crisis, characterized by an economic breakdown unparalleled since the Great Depression, provides a unique opportunity to study the relationships between economic developments and social capital by asking: How does social capital change in times of social and economic hardship? In order to explore the trends of social capital development, data from the European Social Survey 2002–2016 are used. The results suggest that economic decline – particularly increasing unemployment – is associated with a decline in social capital, especially in southern European countries. Furthermore, increasing long-term interest rates as an indicator of government future debt sustainability appear to be detrimental for social capital development. The impact of economic decline, however, appears to be contingent upon the functioning of state institutions: especially in countries characterized by well-functioning governments social capital is significantly less affected by economic decline than other countries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533109 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533109 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:21-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533110_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Benjamin Biard Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Biard Title: The influence of radical right populist parties on law and order policy-making Abstract: In many countries, be it in America (Trump), in Europe (Le Pen), or in Asia (Duterte), radical right populist leaders or parties succeed in gaining power. To what extent would they be able to influence policy-making? Do they really weight upon public decision-making? While the literature on populism and radical right populist parties (RRPP) is abundant, few authors have addressed the relationship between populist promises and policy-making. Yet it is crucial to assess the influence of RRPP nowadays. This article investigates the influence of a most likely case – the Schweizerische Volkspartei (SVP) – on law and order policy-making. The focus is set on a traditional policy sector and on a party with a long institutionalized participation in power. Based on process-tracing, the results show that the SVP influence varies according to the stages of policy-making and to its instruments. Agenda-setting is more significantly influenced, and popular initiatives are an important component of the populist strategy. Results may be generalized to different countries beyond the Swiss case, as shown in the discussion and the conclusion. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 40-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533110 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:40-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Taehee Whang Author-X-Name-First: Taehee Author-X-Name-Last: Whang Author-Name: Youngwan Kim Author-X-Name-First: Youngwan Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Jung Taek Han Author-X-Name-First: Jung Taek Author-X-Name-Last: Han Author-Name: Hannah June Kim Author-X-Name-First: Hannah June Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: US foreign aid and economic policy concessions Abstract: Why do donors continue to provide foreign aid despite its failure to help poor countries over the past several decades? While some scholars argue that foreign aid is purely for humanitarian purposes, others assert that such aid serves as a tool to pressure recipient countries into accepting policy concessions. In this study, we subject these arguments to empirical testing using a dataset that integrates the amount of US aid and economic policies of recipient countries for 1995–2012. The findings suggest that aid decisions correspond to the interests of the United States, such as policy concessions in economic and business liberalization. However, an increase in US aid is not directly associated with further economic reforms in recipient countries. We conclude that US foreign aid programmes are strategic in nature and successful not in alleviating economic problems in recipient countries but, at the very least, in buying their policy compliance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 58-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:58-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533112_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Title: Borders and the EU legitimacy problem: the 2015–16 European Refugee Crisis Abstract: The porous external border around the Schengen member states of the European Union (EU) became a colossal political problem in 2015 and 2016 as the migrant and Refugee Crisis unfolded. In Beetham’s seminal terminology, there was a crisis between the EU’s power and legitimacy on all three dimensions hereof: The Dublin regime was not followed, there was a gap between the beliefs of the governing and the subordinate peoples, and there were increasingly critical views among citizens and politicians alike (even from mainstream parties) against the inflow of refugees and migrants outside of the normal asylum system. The behaviour of the EU actors since then can be interpreted as an attempt at containing this crisis as regards Beetham’s legitimacy dimensions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 80-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:80-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1539224_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nurdiana Gaus Author-X-Name-First: Nurdiana Author-X-Name-Last: Gaus Author-Name: Muhammad Yunus Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Yunus Author-Name: Abdul Karim Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Karim Author-Name: Haleema Sadia Author-X-Name-First: Haleema Author-X-Name-Last: Sadia Title: The analysis of policy implementation models in higher education: the case study of Indonesia Abstract: This paper aims to analyse and understand the models of policy implementation in Indonesian state universities during the ongoing process of market-driven reforms and how academics respond to these models. The research undertaken was in the form of qualitative study using semi-structured interviews as instruments to collect data. Interviews were conducted with 30 academics in three state universities in Indonesia. The research demonstrated that policy implementation in Indonesian state universities takes largely a dialectical form which takes place both at macro and micro levels, suggesting a blended application of top-down and bottom-up approaches. The results of this study also confirmed that the interaction between policy and local systems plays an important role for the successful implementation of the policy. Indonesian academics perceived that each of these models has its strength and weaknesses particularly in relation to the aspect of collegiality. It is anticipated that the study will both contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between governments as policy makers and academics as street level bureaucrats in the implementation of a policy, and offer guidance for policy makers in the formulation and enactment of relevant policies in higher education sectors both in Indonesia and other contexts implementing policy implementation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 92-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1539224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1539224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:1:p:92-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stephen Ceccoli Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Ceccoli Author-Name: Matthew Crosston Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Crosston Title: Diffusion and policy transfer in armed UAV proliferation: the cases of Italy and Germany Abstract: In a 2015 policy change, the U.S. State Department released guidelines governing the sale of armed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to other countries, and several export agreements were signed shortly later. While considerable scholarly effort has been devoted to the impact or consequences of UAV proliferation, few studies have analyzed the actual diffusion process. This article applies the insights from both diffusion theory and policy transfer to examine the various diffusion mechanisms while using the experiences from Italy and Germany to illustrate distinct cases policy convergence and divergence, respectively. While the competition mechanism is typically constrained to policy adopting jurisdictions, evidence on armed UAV diffusion suggests policy transfer decisions can also hinge on competition among exporting jurisdictions. Consequently, we seek to point attention to the interaction between diffusion mechanisms (such as competition) and various domestic conditions, demonstrating that diffusion is neither apolitical nor necessarily neutral in character. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 111-130 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:111-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1538488_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Guangyu Qiao Author-X-Name-First: Guangyu Author-X-Name-Last: Qiao Author-Name: Nana Oishi Author-X-Name-First: Nana Author-X-Name-Last: Oishi Title: Policy transfer from the UN to ASEAN: the case of trafficking in persons Abstract: This article examines the policy transfer from the United Nations (UN) to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the case of trafficking in persons (TIP). It presents pioneering empirical research that analyzes the processes and mechanisms of policy transfer between the UN and a regional organization. Institutional collective action and regime complex theories in international relations are used to complement the existing state-centric policy transfer framework. We argue that the UN-ASEAN policy transfer in TIP is characterized by a two-step process, starting with transfer from the UN to the ASEAN member states, followed by synthesis at the regional level. The consensus-based decision-making approach in ASEAN restricts transfer outcomes to a common low base of national preferences, which is the lowest common denominator. The ability of stakeholders in the TIP field to steer lesson drawing, emulation and coercive transfer at both the national and regional levels allows them to influence the lowest common denominator. At the same time, policy transfer to ASEAN is shaped by “forum-shopping” by the ASEAN member states and other stakeholders within the TIP regime complex, based on the comparative advantage between ASEAN and other cooperation mechanisms in solving TIP-related issues. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 131-149 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1538488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1538488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:131-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1540778_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: José Jurado-Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Jurado-Sánchez Author-Name: Juan-Angel Jiménez-Martín Author-X-Name-First: Juan-Angel Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Martín Title: Revisiting the guns vs butter dilemma. Was Spain different in the implementation of public policies? Defence, growth and education Abstract: Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the trade-off between guns and butter, namely defence spending versus social sector expenditure. It is striking that none has examined the situation in Spain. Previous research on other countries has not provided strong and unambiguous evidence of either positive or negative effects for military expenditure on social spending. We test whether government expenditure on defence contributed positively or negatively to education spending in twentieth-century Spain, attempting to identify policy-making processes within a historical framework. The results show both direct and indirect effects and bring to light the negative consequences of military spending on education expenditure, in particular between the second and fifth year after the military expenditure increases. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 150-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1540778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1540778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:150-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1554806_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Martin Smith Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Nihan Toprakkiran Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Toprakkiran Title: Behavioural insights, nudge and the choice environment in obesity policy Abstract: As obesity constitutes a growing health concern over the world, it has also become an important part of public policy agendas. This paper critically analyses the development of the policy debate and measures around obesity in the UK. The paper contributes to the debate by challenging the current individualized nature of nudge policies as the most popular application of behavioural economics to policy. We argue that it may be possible to change the choice architecture of individuals through nudge, but the overall effectiveness of such policies would be limited because the broader social, economic and political architecture shaping individual choices is ignored. The case of the UK provides a good illustration where concrete policy measures are predominantly focused on choice despite growing recognition of the structural determinants of obesity, and the governments are thus able to avoid threatening free markets and existing economic interests. Whilst the recently introduced sugar tax constitutes a certain shift in policy, it clearly remains an exception within the whole policy package. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1554806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1554806 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:173-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557134_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Philip Begley Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Begley Author-Name: Catherine Bochel Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Bochel Author-Name: Hugh Bochel Author-X-Name-First: Hugh Author-X-Name-Last: Bochel Author-Name: Andrew Defty Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Defty Author-Name: Jan Gordon Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon Author-Name: Kaisa Hinkkainen Author-X-Name-First: Kaisa Author-X-Name-Last: Hinkkainen Author-Name: Ben Kisby Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Kisby Author-Name: Steve McKay Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: McKay Author-Name: Gerard Strange Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: Strange Title: Assessing policy success and failure: targets, aims and processes Abstract: Assessing policy success and failure is a significant challenge. This article seeks to address this by utilizing two case studies of legislation from the United Kingdom Parliament, the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and the Academies Act 2010, so as to develop a nuanced understanding of how and in what ways policies have been successful, or otherwise. Drawing on these two case studies, and the work of a variety of authors, the article illustrates the complex nature of the challenge, but suggests that by identifying “targets”, “aims” and “processes” it is possible to make reasonable judgements about the relative success of a policy. It concludes that this framework therefore has considerable potential utility. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 188-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557134 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:188-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581160_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Holly Birkett Author-X-Name-First: Holly Author-X-Name-Last: Birkett Author-Name: Sarah Forbes Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Forbes Title: Where’s dad? Exploring the low take-up of inclusive parenting policies in the UK Abstract: This research explores approaches to promoting gender equality in the workplace by highlighting barriers to take-up of statutory policies designed to increase fathers’ involvement in childcare. Specifically, the paper examines why take-up of Shared Parental Leave (SPL), designed to improve gender equality in the workplace and home, has been low in the UK. There is a dearth of academic literature in this area. Extant grey literature suggests financial barriers, maternal gatekeeping and the perceived effects of extended leave on fathers’ careers are key, but fails to explore other barriers, or the variations in take-up. We interviewed 70 men and women entitled to SPL to address these limitations. We identify new barriers, notably poor policy communication at an organizational level,  perceived policy complexity and societal expectations around maternal identities, while also showing how these barriers affect different groups of parents. We find professional couples are most likely to take SPL, particularly where the mother earns more or the father’s company enhances Shared Parental Pay. The complex, multiple barriers parents face also differ, according to the couple’s educational background and the workplace culture. Finally, we offer recommendations for increasing SPL take-up and driving workplace gender equality in the UK and internationally. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 205-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581160 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581160 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:205-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581157_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Dugald Monro Author-X-Name-First: Dugald Author-X-Name-Last: Monro Title: Populism? Minor parties and independents in the Australian Federal Parliament, 1945–2016 Abstract: The election of four One Nation Senators at the 2016 Australian Federal election has been seen as part of a world–wide rise of populist movements that criticizes main stream politics and rejects pluralism, putting forward single concepts of “the people”, that the movements claim to represent. While it is clear that Australian voters, like voters elsewhere, have been seeking alternatives to the major parties, it is less clear that the preferred alternatives fit this populist framework. Australia provides a good case study as the Australian electoral system makes it relatively easy for independents and minor parties to be elected to Parliament. This paper examines all independents and minor party candidates successfully elected in 2016 and at previous Australian Federal elections to determine whether the alternatives to the main stream parties elected since 1945 fit anti-pluralist populist models. It is concluded that, with the exception of the One Nation Party, most of the independents and minor party candidates elected to the Australian Federal Parliament have not fitted such models. However many of those elected do present a challenge to the electoral claims of the major parties. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for representative democracy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 225-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581157 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581157 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:2:p:225-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Howlett Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Howlett Title: Comparing policy advisory systems beyond the OECD: models, dynamics and the second-generation research agenda Abstract: The concept of “policy advisory systems” was introduced by Halligan in 1995 as a way to characterize and analyze the multiple sources of policy advice utilized by governments in policy-making processes. The concept has proved useful and has influenced thinking about both the nature of policy work in different advisory venues as well as how these systems change over time. However, to date this work has examined mainly cases of developed countries and its application to developing and transitional countries is less certain. This paper sets out existing models of policy advisory systems based on Halligan’s original thinking on the subject and assesses the findings of many existing studies into OECD countries that advisory systems have been changing as a result of the dual effects of increased use of external consultants and others sources of advice – “externalization” – and the increased use of partisan advice inside government itself – “politicization”. Determining whether or not such changes have also characterized the situations found in developing and transitional countries and at the international-domestic and state-sub-state levels is the subject of the papers in this Special Issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 241-259 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:241-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557627_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Thurid Hustedt Author-X-Name-First: Thurid Author-X-Name-Last: Hustedt Title: Studying policy advisory systems: beyond the Westminster-bias? Abstract: Research on policy advisory systems has rapidly proliferated over the last decade and now focuses on advisory system change dynamics. Yet, empirical studies predominantly focus on the study of policy advisory systems in Westminster systems and it is those studies upon which theorization relies. This paper argues that this Westminster-prevalence resulted in a Westminster-bias of our understanding of policy advisory systems and directs attention to more abstract or general analytical dimensions that may be relevant for the comparative study of policy advisory systems and research on advice systems in transitional and developing countries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 260-269 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557627 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:260-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557622_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rob Manwaring Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Manwaring Title: Political demand and policy advice: a framework for analysis Abstract: In the policy advice literature, there has been two main “waves” of research focus. In the first wave, the focus of scholarly attention tended to focus on single policy advice actors. A key innovation was offered by Halligan, who sought to frame policy advice within a policy advisory system, with a focus on government control and location. In later research, Craft and Wilder called for a “second wave” of research which also sought to integrate factors such as policy content, context, ideational compatibility but also reflect the increasingly polycentric advice landscape. This article contributes to the second wave drawing attention to a key element of the institutional dynamics of policy advice systems, namely the issue of political “demand”. A core argument offered in this article is that the dynamics of demand need to be interrogated more fully, and be given greater prominence in current understandings of PAS dynamics. The net effect of marginalizing “demand” factors is that it can de-politicize the extent and nature of advice-giving, and reduce it to a seeming technocratic exchange. To expand our understanding of demand, this paper offers a framework for understanding the dynamics of demand within policy advice systems. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 270-286 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557622 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557622 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:270-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557620_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Caroline Schlaufer Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Schlaufer Title: How does policy advice of the international monetary fund differ along the income of advised countries? Abstract: The policy advice literature has paid little attention to the role of international organizations in policy advisory systems. This article offers a systematic analysis of policy advice provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the framework of the IMF’s regular Article IV consultations. The article argues that the content of IMF advice differs according to the income of the advised countries. Content analyses of the Article IV consultation reports of 18 countries show correlations between the gross national income (GNI) of the advised countries and the function of advice in the policy cycle, the specificity of advice, the recommended policy instruments and the targeted policy issues. Results show that the IMF rather points to policy problems, advices on policy goals and focuses on improving implementation when advising lower income countries. When advising higher income countries, the IMF’s advice focuses on means and specific policy tools. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 287-302 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:287-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557623_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Arnab Roy Chowdhury Author-X-Name-First: Arnab Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Chowdhury Title: International-domestic linkages in a developing-country context: the case of the Rohingyas in Bangladesh Abstract: Since 1978, the Rohingya have been fleeing Myanmar and taking refuge in Bangladesh. The state of Bangladesh is not a signatory to the Geneva Convention and does not recognize refugee rights, but the initial experiences with the Rohingya refugee population led the government to create a temporary and ad hoc domestic policy advisory and refugee management system, which eventually became highly politicized. There was also some degree of slow “externalization” of policy advice through the involvement of international organizations from 2006–2007 onward, mainly through the participation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and International Organization for Migration (IOM). Over 2017–2018, there was a massive influx of refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh. The domestic advisory and refugee management system lacked the capacity to manage the crisis and had to quickly and greatly externalize policy advice and refugee management. The UNHCR and IOM came in with a host of international organizational networks and coordinated with each other and the state through a multi-sectoral approach to manage the crisis. This externalization led to the systematization and institutionalization of the state’s domestic advisory system. However the effect of externalization on politicization is equivocal; on the one hand it decreased politicization of the domestic policy advisory system, but on the other hand, it created new levels of politicization. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 303-319 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:303-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Artem Uldanov Author-X-Name-First: Artem Author-X-Name-Last: Uldanov Title: Policy advice in an authoritarian environment: urban transport policies in Moscow and Beijing (2010–2017) Abstract: Fighting traffic congestion is a key policy challenge in large developing countries such as China and Russia. Highly populated, fast-growing cities like Beijing and Moscow develop urban transportation strategies that focus mainly on combating traffic congestion and modernizing existing infrastructure, but these problems are tied in with air pollution, safety on roads, parking issues, and public transport. In authoritarian landscapes, the policy-making process is not widely open to external actors or the general public, but it still requires expert knowledge. The usefulness of the advice offered by policy advisory institutions that are not a part of the bureaucracy depends strongly on authorities’ capacity to absorb their innovative proposals, informal contacts between advisers and authorities, and financial priorities. This paper analyses aspects of current urban transport policies in Beijing and Moscow with a particular focus on the nature of policy advisory practices in this sphere. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 320-336 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:320-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557624_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nihit Goyal Author-X-Name-First: Nihit Author-X-Name-Last: Goyal Author-Name: Kidjie Saguin Author-X-Name-First: Kidjie Author-X-Name-Last: Saguin Title: Capacity, control, and content: the supply of think tank policy advice in India Abstract: Despite growing research on policy advice, little is known about how and why the nature of policy advice varies. We hypothesize that examining policy capacity and control within the policy advisory system (PAS) is useful in this regard. We examine how government capacity, think tank capacity, and think tank autonomy influence the content of policy advice in India. We code policy advice based on content analysis of 60 knowledge products from think tanks in India and estimate policy capacity of government departments and think tanks based on their respective staff strengths and budgets. We find that the nature of policy advice, specifically whether it is long-term or short-term, varies based on think tank capacity as well as government capacity; high capacity think tanks tend to provide more long-term advice to high capacity governments. As the PAS within developing countries have less capacity to generate strategic policy advice, variations can be expected in the kinds of policy advice supplied by the PAS in developing countries vis-à-vis OECD countries. Thus, the PAS literature can be extended to developing countries by studying the dynamics between the content of advice, capacity, and control. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 337-352 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:337-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1599841_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Dmitry Zaytsev Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry Author-X-Name-Last: Zaytsev Title: Fluctuating capacity of policy advice in Russia: testing theory in developing country context Abstract: Theories and concepts developed and empirically tested in the context of North American and Western European countries do not always easily transfer to another political landscape. The concept of “policy advisory system” is not an exception. On the one hand, policy processes and policy styles are not unique for each country; therefore, some generalizations can be made. On the other hand, studding particularities of policy process in a specific country can enrich theories, developed for general cases. Applying existing theories to a new context also goes a long way in verification and potential falsification – the fundamental requirement for a scientific process. This article aims to contribute to the debate on the topic of policy advisory system by comparing the development of three policies in Russia, each involving policy advisors to some extent. Based on this analysis, lessons are drawn regarding the conditions under which policy advisors can impact policy changes in an environment, alternative to “western.” Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 353-373 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1599841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1599841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:353-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557625_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anastasia Rogacheva Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia Author-X-Name-Last: Rogacheva Title: The demand for advice at the European Union level: policy advice politicization in the European Commission Abstract: The study focuses on the role of policy advice brokers – political advisors – pertaining to the issue of politicization in the European Commission (EC). The study conceptualizes politicization as increased use of political advisors – known as “cabinets” in the EC context – by the Commissioners to ensure political direction over the work of the civil service. Commissioners’ private cabinets fulfil several functions, one of which is political steering of the policy work in the departments. The study argues that as a result of the NPM-style reform and strengthening of the civil service accountability to the political level, the political steering function of the cabinet advisors grew in importance. To examine whether the political steering function of cabinets became more important after the reform, the study analyzed the lists of cabinets’ responsibilities available online from the Prodi to the Junker Commissions. The content of the lists of responsibilities was first coded and then statistically analyzed testing for the effect of the reform on the structure of cabinets’ responsibilities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 374-391 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557625 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:374-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581159_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nina Belyaeva Author-X-Name-First: Nina Author-X-Name-Last: Belyaeva Title: Revisiting demand, politicization and externalization in authoritarian political regimes: policy advisory system in Russian practices Abstract: This study contributes to debate on three related questions in Policy Advisory System research. Is the Policy Advisory System concept applicable in countries other than developed democracies? How does it function in a state-centred authoritarian regime? How does the authoritarian environment affect tendencies such as “politicization” and “externalization”? These questions are addressed using materials on the current Russian governance structure and advisory practices, focusing on two broadly defined “governance subsystems” in the Presidential Administration of Russia, “Political Bloc” and “Economic Bloc”, both acting as regular customers for advisory communities. One finding is the phenomenon of “Dual Demand” from the same centre of power—“stability” for “Political Bloc” and “innovation” for “Economic Bloc”—which contributed to creation of two different clusters of policy advisory agencies with different statuses. Other findings include transformation of “politicization” to policy control mechanisms and attempted “externalization” turning into the reverse—“internalization”—bringing independent advisory organizations under the supervision of government structures. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 392-409 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581159 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:392-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1557621_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Victor Albert Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Albert Author-Name: Rob Manwaring Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Manwaring Title: Metagovernance, political demand and policy advice: a case from Brazil Abstract: There has been a call for a “second wave” of scholarship on policy advice to expand our understanding of the relational dynamics within a policy advisory system (PAS). In this article, we use a case from Brazil to address two key gaps in the PAS literature – the lack of attention to systems of network governance and the current predominance of “Westminster” empirical cases. To better understand the impact of policy advice within a system of networked governance, we apply the frame of “metagovernance” – the steering of governance networks. We then introduce and employ the concepts of funnelling, political brokering and gate-keeping to better understand how policy advice is shaped, modified and then either rejected or accepted. The contribution of the article is that, while much of the existing PAS literature describes the contours and key actors within an advisory system, we develop new conceptual scaffolding to better understand the trajectories and impact of policy advice, and the interplay between actors and agents, within a broader system of metagovernance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 410-425 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1557621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1557621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:3-4:p:410-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618813_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ya Li Author-X-Name-First: Ya Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Title: Revisiting deliberative policy analysis Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 427-436 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:427-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618812_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ya Li Author-X-Name-First: Ya Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Deliberative policy analysis: towards a methodological orientation Abstract: Deliberative policy analysis (DPA) has become a new branch of post-positivist policy inquiry since the release of a book edited by Hajer and Wagenaar fifteen years ago. The status quo of this field, however, is not satisfactory. Particularly, there is apparent shortage of exploration on how to apply DPA to generate insights for policy making. This article undertakes a critical revisit of DPA’s development and to explore the road ahead, especially through the lens of practice. It starts with a brief review of DPA study, mainly focusing on its characteristics, suitable context, and functions. The next section discusses three challenges facing the emerging field: how to render the DPA approach more operable, the absence of “analysis,” and the lack of purposeful and designed pilot practice. It proceeds to argue that the research on DPA will likely take a methodological turn, and offers several considerations for future study: understanding and framing DPA from a practice-oriented perspective, underscoring the importance of DPA’s consulting function, taking a procedural perspective and incorporating consensus building into the process, providing organizational solutions for practicing DPA, and conducting purposeful pilot practices with prior DPA design. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 437-455 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:437-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618445_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John Forester Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Forester Author-Name: Martien Kuitenbrouwer Author-X-Name-First: Martien Author-X-Name-Last: Kuitenbrouwer Author-Name: David Laws Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Laws Title: Enacting reflective and deliberative practices in action research Abstract: We consider action research as a form of deliberative policy analysis. This analysis explores a “reconstruction clinic” in which stakeholders and public officials engaged memories, hopes and obligations as they sought to resolve controversies over details of policy implementation. We ask how institutional design shaped participants’ reflective and deliberative progress. Reflection in action can prompt not only changes in cognitive frames, but new behavioural capacities for action. Deliberative practices can shape new relationships between parties through the work of apology, recognition, appreciation, and emergent collaboration. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 456-475 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:456-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618815_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Piyapong Boossabong Author-X-Name-First: Piyapong Author-X-Name-Last: Boossabong Author-Name: Pobsook Chamchong Author-X-Name-First: Pobsook Author-X-Name-Last: Chamchong Title: The practice of deliberative policy analysis in the context of political and cultural challenges: lessons from Thailand Abstract: This article draws upon insight from a study of those involved in introducing deliberative policy analysis in Thailand at the city scale and presents lessons for both policy practitioners and scholars. The design of each deliberative forum differed, depending on lessons learned from previous forums and the consensus that emerged as a result of deliberation amongst forum facilitators. The underlying principle of this kind of deliberative design is to make deliberative processes authentic, by avoiding coercion, inclusive, by engaging stakeholders who bring forth different ideas, and impactful. To make these forums more exciting, deliberative practices are often linked to other attractive discourses, such as those surrounding smart cities, creative spaces and inclusive development. The case of Thailand sheds light on emerging challenges involved in the practice of deliberative policy analysis in the context of both national political regimes that are not democracies and those in the East. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 476-491 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:476-491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618811_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Miren Larrea Author-X-Name-First: Miren Author-X-Name-Last: Larrea Author-Name: Ainhoa Arrona Author-X-Name-First: Ainhoa Author-X-Name-Last: Arrona Title: Improving the approach to conflict in action research through deliberative policy analysis: a territorial development case in the Basque Country Abstract: This paper focuses on how theoretical work developed in deliberative policy analysis (DPA) can contribute to action research (AR) through a better understanding of the policy world. It is based on a programme in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain) where action researchers have been collaborating with policymakers since 2009. Our paper shows how concepts like pluralism, agonism and escalation have helped to reframe the approach to conflict in action research for territorial development (ARTD). The aim of the case is not exclusively to demonstrate how this can be done at a micro level, but also to show the usefulness of further interaction between the fields of DPA and AR, based on this experience. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 492-509 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618811 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618811 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:492-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618816_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Natalie Foster Author-X-Name-First: Natalie Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Ray Ison Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Ison Author-Name: Chris Blackmore Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Blackmore Author-Name: Kevin Collins Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Revisiting deliberative policy analysis through systemic co-inquiry: some experiences from the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in England Abstract: Water governance is central to the crisis of the Anthropocene as climate change, population growth and changing demands for water are predicted to exacerbate threats to food, water and energy security and river functioning. Since 2000 the major policy setting in Europe for the governance of water has been the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Empirically grounded post-positivist water governance research strongly anchored in interpretivist and constructivist systems’ traditions akin to deliberative policy analysis (DPA) is reported. The case is made, based on the UK (England), that an opportunity to transform water governance has been lost because WFD implementation has been prescriptive, top-down and fails to engage with dynamic complexity. Some changes have emerged from the adoption of a Catchment-Based Approach (CaBA), partly triggered by threat to government of a judicial review, but governance praxis and trajectory remain contested. The paper reports on new pathways and options for change emerging from a systemic co-inquiry, a deliberative instrument, which emphasises the importance of institutionalising community action at catchment scale and re-framing the enactment of the Directive as part of an iterative social learning system for water governance. In the light of our findings, implications for future DPA scholarship are explored. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 510-533 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618816 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:510-533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618810_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Simon West Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: West Author-Name: Lorrae van Kerkhoff Author-X-Name-First: Lorrae Author-X-Name-Last: van Kerkhoff Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Title: Beyond “linking knowledge and action”: towards a practice-based approach to transdisciplinary sustainability interventions Abstract: The imperative to “link knowledge and action” is widely invoked as a defining characteristic of sustainability research. The complexities of sustainability challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss mean that linear models of knowledge and action, where knowledge is produced first (by researchers) then “applied to” action (by policy actors), are considered insufficient. Researchers have developed more dynamic, open-ended and collaborative forms of policy engagement such as transdisciplinary and co-production research. Although promising these approaches often remain captive to linear assumptions that hinder their transformative potential. We contribute by providing a relational model of knowledge and action rooted in contemporary practice theory. A practice-based approach suggests the primary task of participants in transdisciplinary interventions is to find workable solutions to situations of dynamic complexity that are fundamentally indeterminate and unpredictable. Knowledge is not “applied to” action, but drawn upon, produced and used from within the situation at hand, allowing researchers and policy actors alike to better harness the emergent character of situational developments and outcomes. A practice-based approach provides a conceptual language that captures the experienced complexities of intervening for sustainability, reconfigures the nature of “actionable knowledge,” and identifies appropriate modes of evaluation for transdisciplinary and co-produced research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 534-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:534-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618817_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Quinlan Bowman Author-X-Name-First: Quinlan Author-X-Name-Last: Bowman Title: Studying democratic innovations: toward a problem-driven approach to case study research Abstract: Hajer and Wagenaar (2003. Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xiv, 16) advanced a conception of policy analysis – “Deliberative Policy Analysis” – that “rests on three pillars: interpretation, practice and deliberation.” This form of policy analysis, they argued, supports “more direct, participatory forms of democracy” involving “democratic deliberation on concrete issues” (xv, 29). Since their writing, empirical research on such initiatives – “democratic innovations,” for short – has blossomed. However, while deliberative policy analysis is itself post-positivist in orientation, many researchers bring a (quasi-) positivist orientation to their work on democratic innovations. A key challenge for deliberative policy analysts is, then, how to participate in this field of inquiry while maintaining a post-positivist orientation. Pragmatist philosophy, I submit, can help them to meet this challenge. Pragmatism rejects a number of positivist assumptions about the nature of empirical inquiry. Relatedly, it supports the claim that policy analysis should be interpretive, practice-oriented, and deliberative. Indeed, it suggests that policy analysis cannot avoid being so. By way of illustration, I indicate how pragmatism points to an approach to case study research that rests on the three pillars. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 556-579 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:556-579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618814_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ya Li Author-X-Name-First: Ya Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Title: Conclusion: building new momentum for deliberative policy analysis Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 580-583 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618814 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:5:p:580-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533113_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Hyungjo Hur Author-X-Name-First: Hyungjo Author-X-Name-Last: Hur Title: Government expenditure on labour market policies in OECD countries: responding to the economic crisis Abstract: In most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the unemployment rate increased considerably during the early stage of the Great Recession of 2008. However, unemployment trends varied by country: some countries were more resilient, resulting in a faster recovery and lower or steady unemployment rates during the recession. This study evaluates the impact of different government expenditures on labour market policies (especially active labour market policies) among OECD unemployment rates. Based on panel regression and a difference-in-difference analysis utilizing panel data from 2001 to 2013, this study discusses how government active labour market policies have worked to reduce the unemployment rate, and how this policy helps resilient countries to adapt to unexpected economic crises. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 585-608 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:6:p:585-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1533115_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Susan Appe Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Appe Title: Nonprofit organizations as interpretive communities: responses to policy reforms and the shaping of civil society in Ecuador Abstract: While they are often lumped together as one sector, nonprofit organizations represent diverse activities and objectives in the policy process. It is surprising that given this diversity, there are limited studies about the “multiple realities” that exist within a “nonprofit sector”. This article examines the multiple realities found among nonprofit organizations. It explores how government creates regulatory policy targeting nonprofit organizations and how nonprofit organizations interpret and respond using the case of Ecuador in South America. The article asks: What do regulatory policies do and what target populations do they create? How do different nonprofit organizations interpret these policies? Given the answers to these questions, what are the political and social consequences for the development of civil society? Through an interpretive framework, the article contributes to the literature about how government creates target populations through policy, how policies act upon different nonprofits in different ways and how they interpret and respond to policy. The research considers what this might mean for organized civil society and development in general. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 609-627 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1533115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1533115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:6:p:609-627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1538487_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Andreas Eriksen Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksen Author-Name: Anders Molander Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Molander Title: Welfare reform and public justification Abstract: This paper investigates the conditions of political argument with regard to welfare legislation. It connects to the discussion on the role of ideas in political change but develops a new approach by investigating arguments in light of theories of public justification in a democratic society. The paper uses a recent Norwegian law as the case for studying how politicians frame their arguments for “mandatory activation,” meaning the policy that requires recipients to participate in work-oriented activities. The paper finds that Norwegian advocates of activation use a “justificatory narrative” that presents the new law as a form of paternalistic concern for the benefit recipients. It is argued that this justification can be understood as shaped by certain basic conditions of political viability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 628-647 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1538487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1538487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:6:p:628-647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1599840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Julia Jennstål Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Jennstål Author-Name: Per-Ola Öberg Author-X-Name-First: Per-Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Öberg Title: The ethics of deliberative activism: in search of reasonableness and dialogic responsiveness in provocative art exhibitions Abstract: “Deliberative activism” refers to the integration of two ideals of citizen participation: deliberation and activism. While there are strong arguments for bridging the gap between the two ideals, it is equally important to keep what is distinct about deliberative activism because all activism is not (and presumably should not aspire to be) deliberative. In this article, we claim that there are certain ethical and epistemic norms of deliberation that can inform our understanding of “deliberative activism”, thereby help to draw the boundary between activism and deliberative activism. By looking at a particular form of activism—provocative art—that is intuitively antithetical to the deliberative ideal, we argue that simple activism can be differentiated from deliberative activism by considering to what extent activists’ adhere to principles of reasonableness and dialogic responsiveness. Using four cases of controversial, provocative art exhibitions in Sweden that challenges the boundaries of public deliberation, we conclude that that it is important to distinguish acts that initiate deliberation from those that are acts of deliberation in themselves. The distinguishing factor must be at the heart of deliberation namely an ethical commitment to dialogue. To the very least, actors must explain their claim as if they were in dialogue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 648-661 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1599840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1599840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:40:y:2019:i:6:p:648-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1539225_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jos Van Den Broek Author-X-Name-First: Jos Author-X-Name-Last: Van Den Broek Author-Name: Roel Rutten Author-X-Name-First: Roel Author-X-Name-Last: Rutten Author-Name: Paul Benneworth Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Benneworth Title: Innovation and SMEs in Interreg policy: too early to move beyond bike lanes? Abstract: Since 1989 the European Commission’s policy on border regions has slowly shifted focus. Current Interreg policy is increasingly focused upon innovation and cooperation between SMEs. In this paper we question whether this emphasis on firms and innovation neglects the build-up of other kinds of activities and institutions antecedent to effective firm innovation cooperation. We argue that antecedent developments should occur prior to stimulating innovation cooperation between firms, highlighting that building effective environments for regional innovation in cross-border regions encompasses four qualitatively different micro scale phases of development, each requiring qualitatively different policy measures. This four-phase model is applied to a case study of a Dutch-Flemish Interreg programme, using documentary material, a policy-maker survey and a documentary analysis of funded projects to explore incoherences between strategy and reality. We highlight a gap between the strategy’s strong ex ante focus upon innovation, policy-maker perceptions of necessary improvements, and the projects selected for funding. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1539225 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1539225 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1539226_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Robert Duiveman Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Duiveman Title: Making research relevant to policymaking: from brokering boundaries to drawing on practices Abstract: While urban policy makers and social scientists both aim to successfully address societies’ most pressing problems, their interactions are frequently strained or even counter-productive. A case study describing a collaborative research project on Cost Benefit Analysis shows that shifting from a representational perspective on knowledge transfer towards a performative understanding of problem structuring highlights how differences between research and policymaking can be made conducive to learning instead of frustrating it. To this end knowledge development is analysed in terms of Translations in institutionally embedded knowledge practices. This approach supplements the two-community approach by opening up collaborative practices where problem structuring and group formation coevolve. Depending on circumstance and design, such practices can both reproduce or transform real-world urban problems. Furthering academic understanding of these practices can strengthen the capacity of cities and universities to successfully address unstructured problems. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 23-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1539226 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1539226 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:23-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1540777_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alex Nunn Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nunn Author-Name: Jamie Morgan Author-X-Name-First: Jamie Author-X-Name-Last: Morgan Title: The political economy of Public Employment Services: measurement and disempowered empowerment? Abstract: Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) and Public Employment Services (PES) are related components of the European Union and member state labour market policy. Typically, PES are analysed in terms of a narrow concern with efficiency and effectiveness of service. In this paper, we argue that PES are constituents in broader processes. They are not just means to facilitate employment, they are also part of transmission mechanisms for a political economy of competitiveness. They play a particular role in governance processes, and so serve to produce and reproduce power relations that are intrinsic to those processes. We argue that the technical ways that PES have been managed over recent decades has contributed to broader processes of disempowering labour, through depoliticized management practices. We argue that attempts at even limited re-empowerment of labour would require a repoliticization of these management practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 42-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1540777 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1540777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:42-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1554803_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Gyu-Jin Hwang Author-X-Name-First: Gyu-Jin Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang Title: The political economy of welfare in Singapore: explaining continuity and change Abstract: The Singapore model of the political economy of welfare is often understood as an anti-thesis to the high spending welfare state in Western Europe. In Singapore, the family is the key to promoting self-sufficiency. Individual responsibility is maximized through a series of highly regulated social provisions, designed to promote maximum social conformity and economic instrumentality. Singapore is also considerably different from its Northeast Asian counterparts due to its remarkable level of welfare regime stability. This article addresses the question of how this continuity has been possible for so long and whether it is likely to continue. It argues that the institutional coherence that is provided through a set of ideational frameworks is central in unpacking the stories behind Singapore’s road to development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 63-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1554803 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1554803 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:63-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1554804_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eleonora Redaelli Author-X-Name-First: Eleonora Author-X-Name-Last: Redaelli Title: Understanding American cultural policy: the multi-level governance of the arts and humanities Abstract: This article uses multi-level governance theory to investigate American cultural policy towards the arts and humanities. The National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965 articulates the value of the arts and humanities for the American people, providing the foundation for the development of a complex bureaucracy at state and federal levels. The resulting multi-level governance model highlights the interplay among public agencies at federal and state levels, the links with nonprofit organizations, the varied organizational structures that imply different mechanisms for involving citizens, and the diverse sources of funding. These findings show how American cultural policy is based on a fragmented but coordinated bureaucracy that supports a pluralistic society. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 80-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1554804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1554804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:80-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1577375_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Katharina Gangl Author-X-Name-First: Katharina Author-X-Name-Last: Gangl Author-Name: Eva Hofmann Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Hofmann Author-Name: Barbara Hartl Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Hartl Author-Name: Mihály Berkics Author-X-Name-First: Mihály Author-X-Name-Last: Berkics Title: The impact of powerful authorities and trustful taxpayers: evidence for the extended slippery slope framework from Austria, Finland, and Hungary Abstract: Tax authorities utilize a wide range of instruments to motivate honest taxpaying ranging from strict audits to fair procedures or personalized support, differing from country to country. However, little is known about how these different instruments and taxpayers’ trust influence the generation of interaction climates between tax authorities and taxpayers, motivations to comply, and particularly, tax compliance. The present research examines the extended slippery slope framework (eSSF), which distinguishes tax authorities’ instruments into different qualities of power of authority (coercive and legitimate) and trust in authorities (reason-based and implicit), to shed light on the effect of differences between power and trust. We test eSSF assumptions with survey data from taxpayers from three culturally different countries (N = 700) who also vary concerning their perceptions of power, trust, interaction climates, and tax motivations. Results support assumptions of the eSSF. Across all countries, the relation of coercive power and tax compliance was mediated by implicit trust. The connection from legitimate power to tax compliance is partially mediated by reason-based trust. The relationship between implicit trust and tax compliance is mediated by a confidence climate and committed cooperation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 98-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1577375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1577375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:98-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1602296_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: I-II Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1602296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1602296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:I-II Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694657_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Holly Ann Garnett Author-X-Name-First: Holly Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Garnett Title: Introduction: the case for inclusive voting practices Abstract: The voter turnout gap has plagued many elections around the world, with differential levels of participation between groups having the potential to effect election results and policy outcomes. Despite this, there has been little empirical or normative theorization of the interventions that can be used redress the turnout gap and other inequalities within the electoral process. This article defines the concept of inclusive voting practices to refer to policy instruments which can reduce turnout inequality between groups and mitigate other inequalities within the electoral process. This is anchored in a strategic-relational theory of structure, agency and political change. Different state responses are conceptualized and the normative case for an interventionist rather than repressive or laissez-faire approaches is set out. A research agenda is set out which is taken up in subsequent articles in this special issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 113-130 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:113-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Victoria Shineman Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Shineman Title: Restoring voting rights: evidence that reversing felony disenfranchisement increases political efficacy Abstract: Millions of American citizens are denied the right to vote due to their criminal record. This study finds evidence that restoring the right to vote causes formerly disenfranchised individuals to develop higher levels of internal and external efficacy, generating citizens who are more confident in their own abilities and have stronger tendencies toward democratic engagement. A field experiment is embedded within a panel survey conducted before and after a statewide election in Virginia. All subjects are American citizens with a felony conviction who were once disenfranchised, but are now either eligible to vote, or are eligible to have their voting rights restored. Experimental treatments provide information about recent changes in restored voting rights, along with varying information and assistance with voter registration and turnout. The treatment that included a mobilization element generated the highest levels of efficacy. Additionally, the treatment that only included information about restoring voting rights also generated significant increases in political efficacy on its own. Thus the study finds novel evidence that the right to vote directly increases political efficacy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 131-150 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:131-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694649_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Eric Guntermann Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Guntermann Author-Name: Ruth Dassonneville Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Dassonneville Author-Name: Peter Miller Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: Are inequalities in representation lower under compulsory voting? Abstract: In recent years, there has been considerable scholarly interest in inequalities in representation between rich and poor citizens. Just over 20 years ago, Lijphart argued that compulsory voting could reduce such inequalities by boosting the turnout of the poor. We measure the efficacy of Lijphart’s proposal with regard to three measures of representation; (1) ideological congruence, (2) an indicator of whether a citizen’s preferred party enters government and (3) an indicator of how much citizens like governing parties compared to opposition parties. We find that the extent to which the rich are better represented than the poor varies strongly across countries. We also find that the income gap in representation is smaller in the compulsory voting countries in our sample. However, turnout is not a significant predictor of inequalities in representation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 151-171 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:151-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694651_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paige Schneider Author-X-Name-First: Paige Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider Author-Name: David Carroll Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Carroll Title: Conceptualizing more inclusive elections: violence against women in elections and gendered electoral violence Abstract: Violence against women in politics and throughout the election cycle has been documented as an impediment to the free and equal political participation of women, and to the conduct of inclusive elections. Academic research and practitioner assessments have raised the profile of this global problem, and draw attention to key challenges in theory development, the operationalization of concepts, and the creation of shared measures for data collection. This article seeks to contribute to the scholarship by positing a theoretical framework that situates violence against women in elections (VAWE) at the intersection of gender-based violence and political violence. We examine the role of gender in relationship to targets, perpetrators, motives, and forms of electoral violence to demonstrate the importance of studying violence motivated by gender discrimination alongside more conventional motives of electoral violence. The analysis is informed by examples drawn from field research in Uganda. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 172-189 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:172-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694656_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Alistair Clark Author-X-Name-First: Alistair Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Electoral integrity, voter fraud and voter ID in polling stations: lessons from English local elections Abstract: Polling stations are at the fulcrum of the democratic process. They are the location where most voters exercise their democratic rights, but also one place where electoral fraud and irregularities may occur, both in consolidating and established democracies. This study provides a detailed analysis of the nature and frequency of electoral irregularities that are found in English local elections using original surveys of poll workers in 2018 and 2019 (n = 5659). It also identifies the effects of recent attempts to improve electoral integrity through the introduction of voter identification requirements on a pilot basis. Elections are found to be broadly well run but problems are reported with names missing from the electoral register and polling station accessibility requirements. Some more infrequent problems were reported with inappropriate behaviour from party agents/candidate – and some gender-based intimidation amongst voters. Attempted impersonation was exceptionally rare, however, and measures to introduce voter identification requirements therefore had little effect on the security of the electoral process. In fact, they led to some voters not casting their ballot, either for reasons of convenience and availability of suitable forms of ID, or reasons of principle and protest. There are therefore important implications for the wider literature on electoral integrity and the design of democratic practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 190-209 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694656 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:190-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694653_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joseph Anthony Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Anthony Author-Name: David C. Kimball Author-X-Name-First: David C. Author-X-Name-Last: Kimball Title: Implementing voter ID: lessons from Missouri, USA Abstract: Many states have adopted laws requiring voters to present photo identification on Election Day. How are these laws implemented in a highly decentralized system of election administration? We report on a study of photo ID implementation in Missouri, focusing on the number of voters who check in at a polling place without photo identification during local and special elections held under the new law. These elections serve as early tests of the photo ID law and offer support for some hypotheses derived from implementation theory. We find evidence of uneven implementation of the photo ID requirement in Missouri. Local jurisdictions using electronic poll books checked in a much larger volume of voters without photo ID than jurisdictions using traditional paper poll books. Interviews with local officials suggest that voter and poll worker behaviour contribute to this pattern. Furthermore, other features, particularly jurisdiction size and the administrative and partisan structure of local officials, are associated with the number of voters who check in without photo identification. Therefore, the use of electronic poll books might overstate the number of voters lacking photo identification. In a decentralized system of election administration, it can be challenging to uniformly implement new voting requirements. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 210-229 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:210-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694652_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Bridgett A. King Author-X-Name-First: Bridgett A. Author-X-Name-Last: King Title: Waiting to vote: the effect of administrative irregularities at polling locations and voter confidence Abstract: When citizens experience an irregularity while voting, their confidence in elections is diminished, and they are more likely to perceive the results of the election as illegitimate. Although there are many irregularities that a voter may experience, this article evaluates the consequence of extensive wait times to vote on citizen confidence in the United States. Utilizing the 2008–2016 Survey on the Performance of American Elections (SPAE) the analysis finds that wait times have a negative effect on confidence as do challenges with the voting equipment and voter registration. The effect of negative experiences extends beyond lowered confidence that a voter’s ballot is counted as intended to lower confidence that ballots at the local, state, and national level are counted as intended by voters as well. While extended wait times have a limited effect, negatively effecting the confidence in a voter’s personal ballot and ballots across the local jurisdiction, negative experiences with registration or ballots and voting equipment affect evaluations of confidence at the personal level and across the local jurisdiction, state, and nation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 230-248 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:230-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: April A. Johnson Author-X-Name-First: April A. Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson Author-Name: Sierra Powell Author-X-Name-First: Sierra Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Disability and election administration in the United States: barriers and improvements Abstract: Although people with disabilities are considerably less likely to vote than those without a disability, empirical explanations as to why remain underdeveloped. The present study investigates whether this discrepancy in turnout rates is directly related to voting procedures. Analyzing data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we assess the ways in which people with disabilities are disenfranchised by election administration barriers. Specifically, we identify how experiences with voter registration, voter identification regulations, and methods of ballot submission impact those with and without disabilities. Also considered is the degree to which disability affects one’s own political competence and political interest. Reflecting on these findings, we offer recommendations for reducing such electoral hurdles and providing pathways by which comprehensive political incorporation of all individuals with disabilities might be achieved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 249-270 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:249-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694650_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kevin Pallister Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Pallister Title: Migrant populations and external voting: the politics of suffrage expansion in Central America Abstract: Recent decades have seen an enormous expansion in the number of countries allowing their nonresident citizens to vote from abroad, and an emerging literature has sought to identify the factors that lead countries to adopt such external voting policies. This article contributes to this literature by examining the heretofore neglected cases of El Salvador and Guatemala, both of which have large expatriate populations and yet were slow to adopt external voting. I show that the eventual adoption of external voting in these cases was influenced by persistent emigrant lobbying for enfranchisement, the diffusion of an international norm of external voting, and partisan calculations. I also find that two factors largely overlooked in previous research – resource constraints and crowded electoral reform agendas – help account for long delays in policy change. Differences in the reform process across the two countries reflect the varying impact of norm diffusion across countries and differences in the countries’ political party systems. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 271-287 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:271-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1694658_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Holly Ann Garnett Author-X-Name-First: Holly Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Garnett Title: Inclusive voting practices: lessons for theory, praxis, and the future research agenda Abstract: Inclusive voting practices have been defined in this special issue to refer to policy instruments which can reduce turnout inequality between groups and mitigate other inequalities within the electoral process. This concluding article reflects on the lessons learnt from the empirical studies about (a) how citizens come to be excluded at the ballot box; (b) which electoral processes are effective at bringing about greater inclusion; (c) what the wider effects of inclusive voting practices are; and (d) why such policies instruments not undertaken by the state. It argues that there are major lessons for the theorizing of democracy, as well as policy and practice in elections worldwide. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 288-294 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1694658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:2-3:p:288-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1772219_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Koen P.R. Bartels Author-X-Name-First: Koen P.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Bartels Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Author-Name: Ya Li Author-X-Name-First: Ya Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0 Abstract: The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 295-306 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:295-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1774147_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Selen A. Ercan Author-X-Name-First: Selen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ercan Author-Name: Anna Durnová Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Durnová Author-Name: Anne Loeber Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Loeber Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Title: Symposium: revisiting the three pillars of Deliberative Policy Analysis Abstract: This mini-symposium revisits the three pillars of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA): deliberation, interpretation and practice. DPA was originally intended as a moral-analytical programme that integrated these pillars, but policy analysts working in this tradition seem to have mainly been guided by one specific pillar, interpretation We believe this has not only confounded the nature and potential of DPA but has also limited the knowledge and impact of policy studies. The goal of this mini-symposium is to facilitate a dialogue between representatives of the three pillars and the authors of DPA on how interpretation, practice, and deliberation could be integrated. It originates from a roundtable discussion organized at the ECPR General Conference 2018 in Hamburg. Each representative discusses the nature and development of their pillar and reflects on its value for DPA, followed by an author reflection on the past and future course of DPA. First, Selen Ercan explores the deliberative pillar. Second, Anna Durnová delves into the interpretive pillar. Third, Anne Loeber examines the practice pillar. Finally, Hendrik Wagenaar offers his author reflections. Taken together, this mini-symposium frames the focus and aims of this special issue and sets a course for the future development of DPA. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 307-330 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1774147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1774147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:307-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724925_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Roy L. Heidelberg Author-X-Name-First: Roy L. Author-X-Name-Last: Heidelberg Author-Name: Sarah Surak Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Surak Title: The administrative making of the recycler Abstract: The New York Department of Sanitation's recycling program is under threat by an “an organized, sophisticated mob of scavenger collectives.” How is this “mob” threatening the NYC Department of Sanitation? They are removing scrap metals before the city can collect it. We use this event as an entry into exploring the practice of recycling in relation to administrative constructs through the lens of deliberative policy analysis (DPA). We discuss how the identity of “the recycler” derives from administrative conduct and concern. In the interest of fulfilling the goals of “recycling,” administration influences the collective understanding of who is a recycler and how the related practice of recycling is understood in the management of waste. We use the case to distinguish between the idea of social construction and that of administrative construction by highlighting the production of an identity (the recycler) through administrative practices that define an activity (recycling). Doing so highlights the conflicting concerns in key pillars of DPA, particularly how the interpretive power of administration to define and determine practice can restrict deliberative potential. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 331-349 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724925 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724925 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:331-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1726312_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Catherine Allan Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Allan Author-Name: Ray L. Ison Author-X-Name-First: Ray L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ison Author-Name: Ross Colliver Author-X-Name-First: Ross Author-X-Name-Last: Colliver Author-Name: Laura Mumaw Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Mumaw Author-Name: Moragh Mackay Author-X-Name-First: Moragh Author-X-Name-Last: Mackay Author-Name: Luisa Perez-Mujica Author-X-Name-First: Luisa Author-X-Name-Last: Perez-Mujica Author-Name: Philip Wallis Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Wallis Title: Jumping Off the treadmill: transforming NRM to systemic governing with systemic co-inquiry Abstract: While there is continued interest in Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) its practice element appears to have been underappreciated. We reflect on our experience of using a systemic co-inquiry to provide new insights into operationalizing DPA that may assist it to speak more immediately to issues related to governing in the Anthropocene. Natural resource management (NRM) in Australia embraced the global turn to governance, but demonstrated how difficult it is to achieve systemic, collaborative approaches to management policy. The treadmill of our title symbolizes the experience of community and organizational stakeholders in the case area, who were constantly in motion but achieving no forward movement in collaborative governance. A systemic co-inquiry into how decision making and action taking in NRM could be improved began in 2015. Systemic co-inquiry is a facilitated process that enables emergence of ideas and opportunities for transforming a situation. We describe this process, present how it was used in the case area, then critically reflect on its contributions for governance and practice, and its theoretical and political implications. Describing and critiquing our use of systemic co-inquiry provides new insights to address challenges for future DPA. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 350-371 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1726312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1726312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:350-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1717457_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lotte Krabbenborg Author-X-Name-First: Lotte Author-X-Name-Last: Krabbenborg Title: Deliberation on the risks of nanoscale materials: learning from the partnership between environmental NGO EDF and chemical company DuPont Abstract: While Deliberative Policy Analysis primarily focuses on the role of public agencies in deliberative practices, this paper extends the analysis of deliberative platforms to industry-civil society deliberations. More in particular, the paper examines deliberation processes that took place within a three-year bilateral partnership between a non-governmental organization, Environmental Defense Fund and a large multinational chemical company, DuPont, to develop a joint risk framework for engineered nanoscale materials. I will show that the deliberative space created by EDF and DuPont did not meet the ideal of communicative rationality, i.e. the possibility of those affected by a particular problem having the opportunity to participate in the deliberative platform and share their issues and concerns. However, the outcomes of this bilateral partnership did become part of the public sphere, i.e. the open space in society supported through a diffuse media infrastructure. As such, opportunities were created for those excluded to share concerns and raise questions. Inspired by this case study I will argue that to gain insight into problematic situations evoked by the development of newly emerging science and technology, deliberations in the public sphere are just as important as face to face deliberations in concrete, tangible spaces. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 372-391 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1717457 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1717457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:372-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724927_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Koen P.R. Bartels Author-X-Name-First: Koen P.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Bartels Author-Name: Davydd J. Greenwood Author-X-Name-First: Davydd J. Author-X-Name-Last: Greenwood Author-Name: Julia M. Wittmayer Author-X-Name-First: Julia M. Author-X-Name-Last: Wittmayer Title: How action research can make deliberative policy analysis more transformative Abstract: Hajer and Wagenaar originally proposed Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) as an approach suited to transforming a policy world characterized by complexity, pluralism and unpredictability. Because its transformative ambitions have long remained unfulfilled, DPA has begun embracing a variety of Action Research (AR) approaches committed to generating policy change in a world beset by multiple sustainability crises. However, a systematic assessment of how AR can make DPA more transformative has been absent thus far. We argue that AR can strengthen the transformative ambitions of DPA in three ways. First, it helps clarify the purposes of DPA based on a critical and relational worldview emanating from their shared pragmatist foundations. Second, it unveils the structural challenges of becoming more transformative in the shadow of the hegemonic institutional organization of academic and policy systems. Finally, it provides a heuristic framework for engaging in the critical-relational dynamics of generating policy change and sustainability transitions. We conclude with a number of recommendations, based on AR principles, practices and experiences, that deliberative policy analysts can adopt to help their initiatives become more transformative. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 392-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724927 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724927 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:392-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1717456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Hendrik Wagenaar Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Wagenaar Author-Name: Florian Wenninger Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Wenninger Title: Deliberative policy analysis, interconnectedness and institutional design: lessons from “Red Vienna” Abstract: Complexity poses challenges to policy makers who intervene in the world. Interconnectedness, a key aspect of complexity, requires that policy makers acknowledge the compounded nature of policy problems in their design of a robust, differentiated policy. Deliberative Policy Analysis recommends small group deliberation to address interconnectedness. However, higher-order phenomena that emerge through interactions in a complex system have properties that cannot be reconstructed from lower-order phenomena by simple extrapolation. They go beyond interpersonal relations in that they involve aggregate phenomena, such as laws, organizations, and institutions. To harness this kind of administrative interconnectedness requires an ability to intervene intelligently in these aggregate entities through institutional design. Our aim in this article is threefold. First, we describe a remarkably successful historical case of integrated governance: housing policy during the 15-year period after WW1 known as “Red Vienna”. Our purpose is to demonstrate that policymaking that is commensurate with interconnectedness is possible in real-world circumstances, even unpromising ones. Our second objective is counterfactual. We will show that the officials of Red Vienna de facto engaged in a particular form of institutional design that we call “design-in-practice”. Third, we will claim that design-in-practice is a foundational tool in the methodological armory of DPA. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 411-437 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1717456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1717456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:411-437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1723519_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Barbara Prainsack Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Prainsack Title: The political economy of digital data: introduction to the special issue Abstract: In an era where digital data is becoming an increasingly important element in the production of knowledge, wealth, and power, it takes radical solutions to ensure that digital data is not used to merely increase power and profits for the privileged. As the contributions to this Special Issue show, it also takes new regulatory approaches, institutions, and research fields to ensure that the political economy of digital data contributes to justice and wellbeing of people and societies. Rather than merely analysing the shortcomings of the current situation, we need visions and instruments to build new institutions: institutions in and through which human expertise, experience, and interaction are seen as equally important as high-tech precision; where new norms and policy instruments ensure that the benefits of data use accrue for society at large, and in particular for the marginalised and vulnerable; and where the datafication of the bodies, lives, and practices of people who have no realistic chance to opt out is recognised and condemned for what it is: robotic brutality (Mick Chisnall). Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 439-446 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1723519 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1723519 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:439-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724929_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Luca Marelli Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Marelli Author-Name: Elisa Lievevrouw Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Lievevrouw Author-Name: Ine Van Hoyweghen Author-X-Name-First: Ine Author-X-Name-Last: Van Hoyweghen Title: Fit for purpose? The GDPR and the governance of European digital health Abstract: The introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 served as the cornerstone of the new data governance regime of the European Union. Informed by principles and values such as privacy, accountability, transparency, and fairness, the GDPR is premised on the objective to balance the protection of individual privacy and the promotion of a thriving European data economy. Still, shortcomings of this regulatory effort have been noted by recent ethical, socio-political, legal, and policy scholarship. Focusing on the deployment of digital health technologies and big data practices within the European digital health ecosystem, this article draws upon these bodies of literature to chart the main lines of tension emerging between the current GDPR-based data governance regime and the broader societal shifts coming along with the expansion of digital health. Central aspects of the GDPR–i.e. key underlying data protection principles and regulatory categories, the reliance on the “notice-and-consent” model, the (narrow) remit of the Regulation vis-à-vis possible harms and discriminations–are misaligned with the surge in digital health. This throws into doubt whether the Regulation is fully fit for the purpose of governing current developments in this field, while also calling for swift and adequate policy responses. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 447-467 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:447-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1748264_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kean Birch Author-X-Name-First: Kean Author-X-Name-Last: Birch Author-Name: Margaret Chiappetta Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: Chiappetta Author-Name: Anna Artyushina Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Artyushina Title: The problem of innovation in technoscientific capitalism: data rentiership and the policy implications of turning personal digital data into a private asset Abstract: A spate of recent scandals concerning personal digital data illustrates the extent to which innovation and finance are thoroughly entangled with one another. The innovation-finance nexus is an example of an emerging dynamic in technoscientific capitalism in which innovation is increasingly driven by the pursuit of “economic rents”. Unlike innovation that delivers new products, services, and markets, innovation as rentiership is defined by the extraction and capture of value through different modes of ownership and control over resources and assets. This shift towards rentiership is evident in the transformation of personal digital data into a private asset. In light of this assetization, it is necessary to unpack how innovation itself might be a problem, rather than a solution to a range of global challenges. Our aim in this paper is to conceptualize this relationship between innovation, finance, and data rentiership, and examine the policy implications of this pursuit of economic rents as a deliberate research and innovation strategy in data-driven technology sectors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 468-487 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1748264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1748264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:468-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724926_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mick Chisnall Author-X-Name-First: Mick Author-X-Name-Last: Chisnall Title: Digital slavery, time for abolition? Abstract: Slavery is a powerful and emotive term describing an abhorrent infringement of fundamental human rights and should not be applied casually. I relate the practice of slavery to two different concepts of “alienation from self”: first, as being “owned” as property by a third party; and, second, as being “owned” in a more informal, contemporary sense, through the removal of an individual’s ability to govern her own life. This dual meaning of alienation from self leads me to consider self-ownership in a legal sense as well as, less formally, as having the agency to determine one’s own life. From both perspectives I claim that the increasing trafficking of personal data to supply algorithm-based analytics and AI is enabling a new form of digital enslavement that has the potential to curtail liberty and cause harm. I suggest that the conceptualization of problematic digital practices as a new form of slavery is a much needed addition to the mainstream critique of the collection, aggregation and trafficking of personal data, which has focused mostly on individual privacy. This focus, in turn, has obscured and diminished the seriousness of concerns about collective and individual autonomy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 488-506 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724926 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724926 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:488-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joanna Redden Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Redden Author-Name: Lina Dencik Author-X-Name-First: Lina Author-X-Name-Last: Dencik Author-Name: Harry Warne Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Warne Title: Datafied child welfare services: unpacking politics, economics and power Abstract: This article analyses three distinct child welfare data systems in England. We focus on child welfare as a contested area in public services where data systems are being used to inform decision-making and transforming governance. We advance the use of “data assemblage” as an analytical framework to detail how key political and economic factors influence the development of these data systems. We provide an empirically grounded demonstration of why child welfare data systems must not be considered neutral decision aid tools. We identify how systems of thought, ownership structures, policy agendas, organizational practices, and legal frameworks influence these data systems. We find similarities in the move toward greater sharing of sensitive data, but differences in attitudes toward public-private partnerships, rights and uses of prediction. There is a worrying lack of information available about the impacts of these systems on those who are subject to them – particularly in relation to predictive data systems. We argue for policy debates to go beyond technical fixes and privacy concerns to engage with fundamental questions about the power dynamics and rights issues linked to the expansion of data sharing in this sector as well as whether predictive data systems should be used at all. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 507-526 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:507-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724384_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Declan Kuch Author-X-Name-First: Declan Author-X-Name-Last: Kuch Author-Name: M. Kearnes Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kearnes Author-Name: K. Gulson Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Gulson Title: The promise of precision: datafication in medicine, agriculture and education Abstract: This paper analyses how precision has become a ubiquitous prefix in medicine, agriculture and education. The accompanying imagination in each of these domains is that “data” will enable greater predictive accuracy through new sensors and interfaces. In this paper, we aim to provide insights regarding the ways in which precision assemblages function to augment and extend existing knowledge and data infrastructures, while also being underpinned by the anticipatory promise of the ubiquity of digital and sensing technologies. We argue that precision is marked by new data production and aggregation frameworks to measure and intervene. At the same time, precision draws on – and augments – established clinical, agricultural and educational subjectivities in ways that depict new logics of patient, student and environmental care. As we outline below, the threshold of the shift to precision is articulated and institutionalized at different points in each field we analyse in the subsequent sections of this paper – namely medicine, agriculture and education. This suggests that precision should be understood as an unevenly realized moment in policy development, rather than as simply produced through processes of technological change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 527-546 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:527-546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1723517_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Barbara Prainsack Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Prainsack Title: The value of healthcare data: to nudge, or not? Abstract: The processes of datafication, digitization and automation of healthcare and medicine are making new types and data available for analysis, and at greater volume. While the newly available data is often hailed as a solution to various problems in healthcare, there is only little discussion about who the use of such data empowers and who bears the costs. The use of healthcare data for “nudging”–e.g. to get patients to adopt healthier lifestyles–is a case in point: While such interventions are presumed to be cheap and effective, I argue that their value is a priori unclear. Both because of its assumed value-freeness, and because of its focus on individual behaviour, nudging draws attention away from the societal, political and economic factors that shape human practice. I conclude with a call upon policy makers to facilitate the use of healthcare data to build better institutions and to address social determinants of health before they seek to “fix” individual behaviour through nudging. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 547-562 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1723517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1723517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:547-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1723518_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Barbara Prainsack Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Prainsack Title: Oil crisis: the political economy of digital data. Conclusion of the special issue Abstract: It is a truism to say that we live in a digital era. Advances in digital technologies in recent decades have changed personal, political, and social practices. Digital tools – and with it, new capabilities for the generation, storage, analysis, and exploitation of data – have also had profound effects on the political economy, including the financialisation of our economy, movements of data, money, and companies across national borders. At the same time, economic, political and social factors shape what and how digital data are generated, how they are stored and used, and for whose benefits. This concluding chapter to the Special Issue on the Political Economy of Digital Data gives an overview of the contributions` main findings and suggestions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 563-566 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1723518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1723518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:5:p:563-566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581156_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Adrian Robert Bazbauers Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Bazbauers Title: World Bank technical assistance: participation, policy movement, and sympathetic interlocutors Abstract: This article demonstrates that World Bank internal learning has led to significant changes in how the development bank interacts with government officials through technical assistance (TA). Reviewing evidence of institutional learning and associated changes in practice, the article identifies two main pillars of World Bank TA: TA components (advisory services contained within lending operations) and stand-alone TA projects (loans that solely finance TA). Bringing together the policy transfer and policy mobility literatures and international organisation scholarship on sympathetic interlocutors, the article contends that the nature of interactions between policy provocateur and recipient shapes the recipient's perception of the legitimacy of transferred policy options. Overall, World Bank reviews since the 1980s have repeatedly highlighted the importance of participatory interactions between World Bank staff and country officials to the effective movement of policy. In recent years, practice has begun to catch-up with these operational insights, leading this article to propose a twofold conclusion. First, for the TA provider, participatory TA mechanisms consistently lead to greater domestic support from country officials, leading the provider to more effectively transfer its policy products. Second, for the TA recipient, participatory TA mechanisms can lead to their empowerment and greater inclusion in development project management. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 567-585 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:567-585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581154_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Danny Singh Author-X-Name-First: Danny Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: A street intercept strategy to research police corruption in Afghanistan Abstract: Conducting research in an armed-conflict setting can be a daunting task when faced with security, logistical and recruitment challenges. Moreover, when working with local agents for translation purposes there are additional problems with the veracity and accuracy of the research. However, there are various strategies to mitigate these problems that include a street-intercept strategy and training interpreters. This article provides a methodological insight into a study on police corruption in the Afghan police force. Recruitment of Afghan police officers was built on a street-intercept strategy and the interpreters utilized were trained and tested on language proficiency in English. The local company also specialized in logistics and security awareness that proved useful when relocating from Kabul to neighbouring provinces due to insecurity. This strategy can be considered by researchers when faced with security, access and logistical issues in volatile conflict settings. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 586-602 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581154 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581154 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:586-602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1577373_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Roberto Falanga Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Falanga Author-Name: Lígia Helena Hahn Lüchmann Author-X-Name-First: Lígia Helena Hahn Author-X-Name-Last: Lüchmann Title: Participatory budgets in Brazil and Portugal: comparing patterns of dissemination Abstract: The dissemination of citizen participation in policymaking has increased considerably worldwide, as in the case of participatory budgeting, considered as the best-known democratic innovation in this field of study and practice. In order to share empirical knowledge about participatory budgets, the article provides a comparative analysis of patterns of dissemination in Brazil and Portugal. These countries were selected for being paradigmatic cases in the dissemination of participatory budgets. The comparative analysis of sociopolitical contexts and institutional designs sheds light on similarities and differences on democratic frameworks, political and non-political agents, target public, approach to participation, and main goals. Findings point to similarities in the passage from the dictatorial to the democratic regime in both countries, and differences in the role of political parties and social agents behind the dissemination. It is within such sociopolitical contexts that non-associated citizens are the target of participatory budgets in both countries, although they are differently approached because address different goals. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 603-622 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1577373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1577373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:603-622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1577372_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nils Kvilvang Author-X-Name-First: Nils Author-X-Name-Last: Kvilvang Author-Name: Erik Bjurström Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Bjurström Author-Name: Roland Almqvist Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Almqvist Title: Making sense of complexity in governance: the case of local public management in the City of Stockholm Abstract: This study found that the problem-solving capacity of a public organization can be understood in terms of the legitimacy of the formulated problems and solutions. Increasing the problem-solving capacity depends on not only the acceptance of problems and how to solve them but also on formal structures and processes. Sensemaking and framing are important keys to unlocking how legitimacy is built, and consequently, how problem-solving capacity is built in a complex organization. We contend that although governance theory recognizes complexity through concepts such as networks and multi-levelness, empirical research tends to downplay what complexity can entail, thus limiting the theoretical development and practical usability of governance theory. Using complexity as a sensemaking framework, we analyze how the top-tier managers of a capital understand the challenges and solutions of coping with rapid growth. We argue that although complexity theory is no panacea to unlocking the difficulties of public sector challenges, it can be a valuable guide to future research on governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 623-640 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1577372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1577372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:623-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1554805_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ziva Rozen-Bakher Author-X-Name-First: Ziva Author-X-Name-Last: Rozen-Bakher Title: The raising of the normal retirement age (NRA) in the ageing era in the advanced countries: the dilemma between securing the stability of the pension system versus the risk of increasing unemployment Abstract: Due to the rapid increase in the population ageing worldwide, this study explores the effect of raising the Normal Retirement Age (NRA) on unemployment by age groups in 30 advanced countries, focusing particularly on comparing the youth unemployment versus the senior unemployment. The study presents a conceptual model that weighs the characteristics of the labour markets in the advanced countries, by examining the opposite forces that may influence the unemployment by age groups when the NRA is raised. The results show that raising the NRA in a labour market that has already suffered from a lack of available jobs leads to an increase in the youth unemployment and even in the adult unemployment, but raising the NRA helps to decrease the senior unemployment. The study suggests that if a country has already suffered from high levels of unemployment, particularly among the young, then the policymakers should weigh the costs of the long-term unemployment versus the costs of not raising the NRA. Conversely, if a country has already suffered from a shrinking of the working population, then raising the NRA may contribute both to an increase in the working population and toward solving the problems of the pension system. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 641-662 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1554805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2018.1554805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:641-662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1842130_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Policy Studies during an age of uncertainty Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1842130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1842130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581162_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joan Miró Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Miró Title: Abolishing politics in the shadow of austerity? Assessing the (De)politicization of budgetary policy in crisis-ridden Spain (2008–2015) Abstract: Depoliticization has emerged as a key concept for explaining the legitimation of austerity during the euro crisis: in the face of growing social unrest over their austerity-based crisis management, EU and national policy elites would attempt to remove the political character of economic policy-making, thus insulating budgetary issues from public deliberation and party competition. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the actual success of depoliticizing strategies in effectively achieving these aims. By setting up a dialogue between two research programmes on (de)politicization that have developed so far in isolation, the article articulates a new framework for studying the impacts of depoliticization. Empirically, the analysis focuses on the process of discursive depoliticization of budgetary policy in Spain in the context of the austerity-oriented budgetary reforms implemented between 2010 and 2013. Methodologically, this process of (contested) discursive depoliticization is examined by developing a relational content analysis of the parties’ electoral manifestos and newspapers’ opinion articles on budgetary policy that were published in the three electoral campaigns held in Spain before, during and after the euro crisis. The analysis shows that the EU-led depoliticization of budgetary policy encountered important political limits in Spain, in fact paradoxically promoting a re-politicizing backlash. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 6-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:6-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1772220_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Zarkin Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Zarkin Title: Knowledge utilization in the regulatory state: an empirical examination of Schrefler’s typology Abstract: When and how do regulatory agencies use expert knowledge? Schrefler (2010. “The Usage of Scientific Knowledge by Independent Regulatory Agencies.” Governance 23: 309–330; 2013. Economic Knowledge in Regulation: The Use of Expertise by Independent Agencies. Colchester, UK: ECPR Press) provides the most theoretically advanced answer to this question by arguing that two main independent variables impact knowledge utilization in agencies: the tractability of the policy problem under consideration, and the degree of political conflict surrounding the issue. Although Schrefler finds some support for her theory in three cases of regulatory policymaking by the UK Office of Communications, little effort has been made to test and refine her ideas outside of the UK context. In this paper, I take up that challenge by applying Schrefler’s theory to the case of the US Federal Communications Commission’s efforts to regulate cable television between 1956 and 1979. In addition to operationalizing Schrefler’s theory, I argue that two additional independent variables – legal directives and agency leadership – need to be considered when analyzing knowledge utilization by regulatory agencies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 24-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1772220 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:24-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581161_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael de Percy Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: de Percy Author-Name: Heba Batainah Author-X-Name-First: Heba Author-X-Name-Last: Batainah Title: Identifying historical policy regimes in the Canadian and Australian communications industries using a model of path dependent, punctuated equilibrium Abstract: Comparative policy analyses can be enriched by systematically examining temporal sequences over long periods of time. Yet the literature provides little guidance on operationalizing a systematic approach to trace how “history matters”. In this article, we introduce a model of path dependent, punctuated equilibrium to demonstrate how technological and institutional legacies restrict the policy options available for deploying new communications technologies in Canada and Australia. The research adopts a long-term view of the respective communications industries beginning with the policy choices made from the time of the telegraph and the resulting policy paradigms that continue to influence policy choices made in the present. We find that the consistency of these approaches can be explained by the concepts of technological momentum and policy regimes that reinforce the original policy rationale adopted to deploy the telegraph. Many other types of networked infrastructure exhibit similar characteristics of path dependent, punctuated equilibrium in that it is difficult to undo the legacies, including the sunk-costs, interests, and habits that form around the use of the respective networks and their related institutions. We posit that the model presented here will prove useful in tracing networked infrastructure policies over time, particularly in comparing cross-national policy approaches. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 42-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:42-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581153_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pascal D. König Author-X-Name-First: Pascal D. Author-X-Name-Last: König Title: A magic bullet in policy communication? On the ambiguous use of framing in policy research Abstract: Policy research and particularly social policy analysis have increasingly drawn upon the concept of framing. A number of contributions have demonstrated its usefulness for building explanations of policy change and its consequences. However, the adoption of the concept has also been accompanied by a considerable conceptual ambiguity. It is not only understood in quite different ways, at times its use is also rather vague and far removed from a narrow definition of framing. This paper discusses different ways in which framing is adopted within the field of policy research and the conceptual and epistemological stumbling blocks that follow from them. It argues that the most problematic use occurs where framing is used to characterize policy action and even more so in combination with public opinion changes that framing allegedly brought about. Finally, some ways forward for achieving a more rigorous use of the framing concept in policy research are presented. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 60-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581153 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581153 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:60-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1581155_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anna Durnová Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Durnová Title: Czech postcommunist trouble with participatory governance. Toward an analysis of the cultural agency of policy discourses Abstract: The article uses the postcommunist context to rethink the argumentative arena of current participatory governance. While citizen empowerment is a crucial component of participatory governance, it has not received much attention in either the policy or the research of the CEE region. Comparing two Czech prominent public controversies, the analysis reveals a mediating rejection of citizen empowerment because it is seen as being fundamentally opposed to modernization. Modernization is a powerful narrative justifying the postcommunist transformation as a supreme policy goal, being used as an argument for the technocratic style of governing. The analysis thus suggests that attention to cultural contingency of participatory governance is needed, and it proposes analysis of the cultural agency of policy discourses. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 80-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1581155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:80-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1577374_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Masengesho Kamuzinzi Author-X-Name-First: Masengesho Author-X-Name-Last: Kamuzinzi Title: When traditional principles bring coherence in complex networks management: the case of “Imihigo” in public policy implementation Abstract: Dominant theoretical frameworks on policy implementation are still inspired by “intra-organizational” managerial principles, while nowadays most public policies are implemented by complex networks with multiple nodes and linkages. In African countries with scarce resources like Rwanda, the implementation of one policy may bring together multiple institutions with no hierarchical ties. Based on archive analyses and interviews with thirty local actors from three districts in Rwanda, this article shows that the new system of public policy implementation inspired by the tradition of “Imihigo” facilitates the coordination of diversified policy initiatives from many stakeholders and helps to overcome operational, bureaucratic and performance barriers inherent to complex networks management. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 98-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1577374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1577374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:1:p:98-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1622662_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Suk Joon Hwang Author-X-Name-First: Suk Joon Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang Title: An exploration of the diffusion of policy termination: the repeal of prevailing wage laws by US state governments Abstract: Most policy diffusion studies have focused on the adoption of new policies. However, the diffusion of the repeal of old policies also occurs across organizations and governments. Thus, this study contributes to enriching the theoretical development of policy diffusion from a different angle and can thereby help us learn more about why governments repeal an established policy. Economists have provided economic justifications for why a state’s prevailing wage law should be upheld or abolished depending on their stance. However, the empirical results show that economic justification is not a persuasive reason. In other words, other, non-economic factors are more influential in the repeal of a prevailing wage law: political ideology, union power, and regional diffusion. These results are in line with arguments made in previous policy termination studies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 117-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1622662 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1622662 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:117-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1593343_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yoonjung Jung Author-X-Name-First: Yoonjung Author-X-Name-Last: Jung Author-Name: Euiseok Kim Author-X-Name-First: Euiseok Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Wonjoon Kim Author-X-Name-First: Wonjoon Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: The scientific and technological interdisciplinary research of government research institutes: network analysis of the innovation cluster in South Korea Abstract: Interdisciplinary research (IDR) has been a growing paradigm in science and technology for the past few decades because of the increase in the complexity of scientific and technological innovation. However, only a small amount of research has examined how IDR across different disciplines has developed over the past few decades and its relationship with R&D performance. This study examines the development of IDR in various scientific disciplines from the perspective of science and technology and its relationship to R&D performance. In doing so, we analyze the co-authorship of all the papers and patents produced by government research institutes in the largest innovation cluster in South Korea, that is, Daedeok Innopolis, during 1992 and 2012 using a network analysis. Those institutes each focus on a different specific discipline. We found that not only does the IDR network structure demonstrate that IDR increased over time regardless of the discipline but also that the scope of IDR has expanded across all the research institutes. In addition, the development of IDR in different disciplines varies significantly, depending on the scientific disciplines. Interestingly, we also found that higher interdisciplinarity in scientific publications and patents is significantly correlated with higher R&D performance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 132-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1593343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1593343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:132-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1599838_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Maria Teresa Balaguer-Coll Author-X-Name-First: Maria Teresa Author-X-Name-Last: Balaguer-Coll Author-Name: Maria Isabel Brun-Martos Author-X-Name-First: Maria Isabel Author-X-Name-Last: Brun-Martos Title: The effects of the political environment on transparency: evidence from Spanish local governments Abstract: This article analyzes the evolution of economic and financial transparency in Spanish local governments (LGs) and their determining factors. The main results show that the level of financial disclosure seems to be the result of pressure from, on the one hand, opposition groups when there is rivalry and political competition, and, on the other hand, the increased demands of citizens involved in public affairs, who want to know how the government is spending their money and how public services are financed. Political parties are therefore key to increasing municipal transparency since greater pressure from opposition parties enhances transparency. Pressure from the parties as well as from citizens positively affects transparency; in other words, the more active people are in terms of voter turnout, and the greater the pressure from and debate among citizens, the higher the level of transparency. One way to increase transparency could therefore be to raise awareness about the importance that citizen pressure can have on governments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 152-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1599838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1599838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:152-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618808_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christopher Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: Multi-stakeholder initiatives, policy learning and institutionalization: the surprising failure of open government in Norway Abstract: Global multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) promote policy to national governments according to a voluntary model that is often criticized for failing to produce formal policy outputs. This article proposes an analytical framework for policy learning to understand how MSIs can influence the informal institutionalization of policy in sub-national institutions, and formal policy outputs by extension. This framework is applied to Norwegian participation in one such MSI, the Open Government Partnership, and tests for the influence of those processes on the formal and informal institutionalization of policy related to civic participation and digital technology. Results validate a policy learning framework for assessing MSI contributions to informal policy outcomes, highlight the important role of institutional context in limiting the influence of this mechanism, and provide the foundations for developing a predictive theory of MSI policy influence through learning. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:173-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618809_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yanwei Li Author-X-Name-First: Yanwei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: A framework in analysing the strategies for governing innovation networks for public innovation Abstract: Innovation is essentially a collaborative initiative requiring the contribution of all involved actors. As no earlier framework has explicitly focused on the governance of collaborative networks for public innovation, a framework is needed to study how innovation networks contribute to making pubic governance more effective and innovative. This article constructs a conceptual framework consisting of six governance strategies, namely, participating, developing frameworks, managing interactions, sponsoring resources, establishing visions, and diplomacy. It can be applied to analyse specifically how innovation networks are governed to achieve effective innovation. Finally, the framework is discussed and research agendas are set. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 193-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:193-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634185_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: J. J. Woo Author-X-Name-First: J. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Woo Title: The politics of policymaking: policy co-creation in Singapore’s financial sector Abstract: Faced with an increasingly complex policy environment, policymakers have sought to leverage upon non-state resources and expertise to supplement their policy efforts. What have emerged are collaborative efforts at policymaking, founded upon close relations between public and private actors. This paper focuses on policy co-creation in Singapore’s financial sector, differentiating between formal and informal processes of policy co-creation. In doing so, it aims to provide a policy-oriented approach to understanding government-business relations that can both expand on and contribute to existing corporatist studies of economic development in Asia. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 210-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634185 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634185 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:2:p:210-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634187_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Catarina Ianni Segatto Author-X-Name-First: Catarina Ianni Author-X-Name-Last: Segatto Author-Name: Daniel Béland Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Béland Title: Federalism and decision making in health care: the influence of subnational governments in Brazil Abstract: Existing scholarship on federalism seeks to gauge the extent of centralization and decentralization by examining the role of federal and subnational governments in policymaking in a range of federal countries. Most of these studies are focused on debates about self-rule and subnational representation in the legislative branch. This paper explores the role of subnational governments in health care decisions made at the national level in Brazil. Some researchers argue that health care policymaking in Brazil is heavily centralized. This article aims to deepen our understanding of how subnational governments influence decisions in the health care equalization system. The existing scholarship shows that the effective power of states and municipalities in national decision making remains limited, yet this paper argues that other players, who support changes towards increased centralization, influence health policy decisions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 308-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634187 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634187 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:308-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1599839_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jens Lindberg Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Lindberg Author-Name: Anna Sofia Lundgren Author-X-Name-First: Anna Sofia Author-X-Name-Last: Lundgren Title: Positioning the ageing subject: articulations of choice in Swedish and UK health and social care Abstract: What happens when similar measures are being introduced in different national contexts? This article studies the ways in which patient choice has been articulated in public and official reports on health care in the two contexts of Sweden and the UK, whose welfare systems are typically comprehended as different. Specific interest is directed towards the construction of patient positions, and policy documents are analyzed using discourse theory. The results show many similarities between the national contexts; choice is primarily articulated with individuality, autonomy, consumption, and responsibility, as well as with support from state agencies, and patient choice is relentlessly normalized as the way forward. But there are also important differences that reveal that the presuppositions differ, for example, when pinpointing the stakeholders of patient choice reforms and how the different policies work to take the well-known edges off of patient choice ideology. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 289-307 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1599839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1599839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:289-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1904083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Editorial: managing health and social care after covid: what works and who decides? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 229-231 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1904083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1904083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:229-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1656182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Federico Toth Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Toth Title: How policy tools evolve in the healthcare sector. Five countries compared Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate which policy tools are used in the governance of the healthcare sector. In particular, we compare the healthcare systems of five OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, England and the Netherlands. The analysis intends to reconstruct the healthcare governance methods implemented in these countries, and understand how they have evolved over the last thirty years. Throughout this work, policy tools are subdivided into four categories: direct provision, regulation, financing and information. Direct provision remains the prevailing mode of governance in the English healthcare system. All of the five countries studied in this work make extensive use of regulation. Insurer regulation is particularly stringent in Germany, the Netherlands and Australia. Of the countries examined, those that make the greatest use of financial leverage seem to be Australia and Canada. England and the Netherlands are the two countries that focus most on informative policy tools. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 232-251 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1656182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1656182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:232-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1599842_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Andrew Wallace Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace Author-Name: Andy Asquith Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Asquith Author-Name: Shane Scahill Author-X-Name-First: Shane Author-X-Name-Last: Scahill Title: Is anyone listening? Inequality in New Zealand’s fully funded hearing aid scheme Abstract: This paper explores the New Zealand Ministry of Health’s (MOH) allocation of funding for the Hearing Aid Funding Scheme (HAFS) and the level of service delivery by public and private sectors. The crux of the paper centres on how the system is funded and in what ways the market structure may be affecting access to health care. The study involved three main sampling strategies with primary data being collected from the District Health Board (DHB) clinics and private providers. This was supported with secondary data of service utilization and claims, which was made available via the MOH. DHB and private provider data was collected online. This study found that the market structure and nature of the NZ hearing industry is consistent with an oligopoly – something, which has been assumed in the past but never formally acknowledged. Publicly funded DHB clinics are restricting access to adult hearing aid referrals, as well as referring rejected patients to private audiology providers for ongoing treatment. The findings were consistent with implementation of co-payment fees through DHB and private audiology providers. These findings indicate that high co-payment fees may be increasing the chance of negative externalities, due to a reduction in access and affordability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 252-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1599842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1599842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:252-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1645323_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nicolás Barbieri Author-X-Name-First: Nicolás Author-X-Name-Last: Barbieri Author-Name: Raquel Gallego Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Gallego Author-Name: Ernesto Morales Author-X-Name-First: Ernesto Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Carolina Muñoz-Mendoza Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz-Mendoza Author-Name: Bernat Quintana Terés Author-X-Name-First: Bernat Quintana Author-X-Name-Last: Terés Title: Facilitators and challenges of community action for health. Comparative analysis of four case studies in neighbourhoods of Barcelona Abstract: In a context of welfare austerity and growing inequalities many citizens ask for public sector reforms in the health sector and for community action as a relevant practice. However, analyses of community action for health are still limited to single actions. For this reason, this article analyzes community action for health as a whole process of a public intervention in the neighbourhood context, including multiple actors and actions. Based on research on four disadvantaged districts in Barcelona, we develop and apply an analytical tool that allows to identify facilitators and challenges of community action for health on three dimensions of policy: symbolic (why), substantive (what) and operational (how). In this regard, several factors emerge as key ones: generating a shared discourse on health and its assets, developing a common and integral agenda (health promotion, prevention and treatment), ensuring institutional recognition and improving participation and involvement at all times of the different agents. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 271-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1645323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1645323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:3:p:271-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1618807_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sun Jung Oh Author-X-Name-First: Sun Jung Author-X-Name-Last: Oh Author-Name: Hosung Sohn Author-X-Name-First: Hosung Author-X-Name-Last: Sohn Title: The impact of the school choice policy on student sorting: evidence from Seoul, South Korea Abstract: This article examines the impact of a high school choice policy in Seoul, South Korea on school segregation by student performance levels. Seoul replaced random assignment of high schools with school choice in 2010. By exploiting the policy change, this article examines the effect of the school choice policy on student sorting by ability. Using rich administrative data, this article compares school segregation prior to and following the implementation of the high school choice policy in Seoul. We find that schools became segregated by student performance levels after the implementation of the school choice policy. Because of the high degree of racial and ethnic homogeneity of South Korea, the results of this article suggest that school choice increases school academic segregation independently from school racial segregation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 415-436 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1618807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1618807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:415-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634191_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jeroen J. L. Candel Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen J. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Candel Title: The expediency of policy integration Abstract: Policy integration has come to be known as the Holy Grail of public policy. Given the increased complexity of societal problems, academics and policymakers alike have called for better integrated governance approaches to deal with these problems more effectively. Despite the intuitive appeal of these calls, pursuing policy integration may not always be expedient, as it comes with significant costs and pitfalls. So far, the question of when pursuing policy integration may be considered opportune has remained largely unaddressed in the public policy literature. This article takes up this question and addresses it by discussing two interrelated elements: the desirability and the feasibility of policy integration. The former is reflected upon by synthesizing the main pros and cons that emerge from previous studies. The latter is addressed by proposing a heuristic that evaluates policy integration possibilities based on two key determinants: integrative capacity and leadership. Together, the synthesis and heuristic can serve as a point of departure for more critical reflections on pushes for more policy integration and on how to allocate scarce resources. The other way around, the heuristic allows policy entrepreneurs pushing for integrated “solutions” to focus their attention on the variables that matter most. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 346-361 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634191 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634191 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:346-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634186_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Maria Eduarda Fernandes Author-X-Name-First: Maria Eduarda Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandes Author-Name: Ana Sofia Lopes Author-X-Name-First: Ana Sofia Author-X-Name-Last: Lopes Author-Name: Ana Lúcia Sargento Author-X-Name-First: Ana Lúcia Author-X-Name-Last: Sargento Title: Improving stakeholder engagement in local strategic planning – experience sharing based on Portuguese examples Abstract: This article aims to share a framework composed of key practices put in place to enhance stakeholder engagement in participatory governance processes. The experience was gained through the authors’ involvement in three Portuguese practice-based cases on participatory local strategic planning where the framework was successfully applied in overcoming the major risks of these participatory processes identified in the literature. A preliminary evaluation of the applied framework’s strengths and weaknesses is provided, envisioned to support similar initiatives. The quality and diversity of the stakeholders involved, together with the group dynamics applied, were recognized as the main strengths, since they promote equal participation, knowledge sharing, new ideas and consensus reaching, with stakeholders being highly committed with the planned objectives and actions. In two cases, the plans supported successful applications to 2014–2020 European Structural Funds’ policy instruments, resulting in the allocation of important funds to local entities, vital for territorial development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 381-396 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634186 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634186 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:381-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Oscar L. Larsson Author-X-Name-First: Oscar L. Author-X-Name-Last: Larsson Title: Meta-governance and the segregated city: difficulties with realizing the participatory ethos in network governance – evidence from Malmö City, Sweden Abstract: Efforts to strategically implement governance reforms have become a common way in which to deal with complex social and political issues. The analysis presented in this article addresses recent governance reforms in Malmö, Sweden, that are intended to help resolve complex problems of urban segregation and social inequality. The article identifies important difficulties that have been encountered in promoting increased participation in spite of the great awareness on the part of local actors of the problems facing the community. The study brings forth evidence that there are good reasons for reassessing the inclusive ethos of network governance and for a critical investigation of precisely who gains access to political processes when network governance arrangements are implemented from above. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 362-380 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:362-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1606903_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mattia Casula Author-X-Name-First: Mattia Author-X-Name-Last: Casula Title: Centralizing cohesion policy in times of austerity: evidence from the policy cycle Abstract: European policy-making has been interpreted as a pendulum that swings between the Member States (MSs) and the transnational arena when choices about where to assign policy responsibilities have to be made. As in other policy sectors, the pendulum metaphor has been used to interpret the changes which have occurred in Cohesion Policy supremacy. This article analyses how the attribution of responsibilities between the European Commission (EC), and the MSs has changed in the different phases of the policy cycle since the 1988 reform to the present day, simultaneously with the main stages of the European integration process. The main argument is that the 2008 Global Financial Crisis was a critical juncture within the history of the aforementioned integration process because it opened the way for the pursuit of new paths: it favoured the consolidation of a new governance system that pivots on the EC’s active role, by identifying Cohesion Policy as the main instrument to pursue the Europe 2020 objectives. Accordingly, this article provides interpretative keys with which to explain the changes that have occurred in intergovernmental relations since the 1988 reform, as well as analytical tools with which to understand the ongoing debate on the future of EU policy-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 397-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1606903 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1606903 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:397-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634190_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Adi Binhas Author-X-Name-First: Adi Author-X-Name-Last: Binhas Author-Name: Nissim Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Nissim Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: Policy entrepreneurs and anti-racism policies Abstract: Under what conditions will those who fight against racism shift their strategies from traditional political participation to entrepreneurial activity? What would the institutional characteristics of the new organizations be, and what strategies would their activists employ? Whereas previous studies on anti-racism activities focused on traditional collective organizational patterns of action, this study examines the phenomenon on the individual level. We analyze the struggle of Ethiopian Israeli activists against racism. The framework suggests that the diffusion of techniques from other locations around the world and long-term learning processes in view of past failures, as well as newly acquired political skills, explain the transition to political entrepreneurial patterns. A comparison between traditional anti-racism actions and entrepreneurial strategies indicates that the essential differences between the two are the latter’s flexibility, creativity and innovation. These differences are manifested in the entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward the existing organizations, their relationship with the establishment, and their coalition-building strategies. The entrepreneurs’ coalition building is two-pronged. On one hand, they cooperate with the establishment on specific issues, and on the other hand, their actions challenge the establishment. They do not trust policymakers and are ready to confront the government more radically than in the past. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 327-345 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:4:p:327-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1922660_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Elizabeth Bomberg Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Bomberg Title: The environmental legacy of President Trump Abstract: President Trump had a profound, largely adverse impact on environmental and climate policy, both domestically and internationally. In addition to rolling back environmental regulations and related policies, Trump sought to undermine the institutions and core values undergirding environmental and climate protection. This article analyses Trump’s environmental tenure and legacy, examining key policies and regulations, but also norms, values and discourse. Drawing on insights from new institutionalism, the article explores three different dimensions of Trump’s potential environmental legacy – organisational, policy and ideational. For each it identifies the institutional and discursive factors shaping Trump’s impact, its “stickiness” and durability. It then analyses attempts by the Biden Administration and others to counter, reshape or chip away at that potential legacy. Re-visiting and adapting core institutionalist assumptions, the analysis suggests a decisive factor determining Trump’s legacy is not his own actions and narrative but rather how – and how successfully – other institutional actors support, spread or counter them. The article finds that while Trump’s impact on organisations, regulations and even policies can be diluted (and his legacy diminished), Trump’s attack on the norms and trust underpinning environmental action may be more long lasting. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 628-645 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1922660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1922660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:628-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1950667_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Espinoza Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Espinoza Title: Donald Trump's impact on the Republican Party Abstract: What impact did Donald Trump have on the Republican Party during his time as President? This article argues that although the presidency of Donald Trump was a natural progression of Republican conservatism, his legacy has cast a shadow on the Republican Party, as well as having further pushed the party rightward, whilst also helping to move the fringe/more extreme elements of Republican conservatism closer to the centre of American politics. As a result, the GOP has become increasingly dependent on a base of white support. Continuing along this path will only further put them at odds with a majority of the country and less likely to realize electoral victories. Only by a continued abating of democracy through compromises in the design of representative institutions and electoral practices will they be likely to win or retain power. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 563-579 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1950667 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1950667 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:563-579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1953460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Robert B. Horwitz Author-X-Name-First: Robert B. Author-X-Name-Last: Horwitz Title: Trump and the “deep state” Abstract: Donald Trump and his loyalists invoked the concept of the deep state when confronted with resistance to the president’s agenda. The hazy concept of the deep state was tied to the long-standing conservative critique of the administrative state and the growth of the federal bureaucracy. Together, they conveyed reproach that Trump was subverted by a shadowy network of unelected bureaucrats that illegitimately holds the levers of real power in the United States. But there is no deep state. The conflict between the bureaucracy and Trump underscores a conflict between liberal and populist conceptions of democracy; between, utilizing Max Weber’s “Politics as a Vocation,” an ethic of responsibility and an ethic of conviction. The bureaucracy’s commitment to liberalism and instrumental rationality butts up against the Caesarist authority claimed by a leader on the basis of his presumed plebiscitary electoral mandate. Trump’s rhetorical accusation of a deep state undermined confidence in government and the legitimacy of the state. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 473-490 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1953460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1953460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:473-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1957459_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Roberto Stefan Foa Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Foa Author-Name: Yascha Mounk Author-X-Name-First: Yascha Author-X-Name-Last: Mounk Title: America after Trump: from “clean” to “dirty” democracy? Abstract: In recent years, the debate about the state of democracy in the United States has split political scientists into two camps: those who believed that American democracy was stable, and those who feared that former President Donald J. Trump might engage in significant violations of executive authority, such as using a declaration of national emergency to postpone elections. In this article, we argue that this debate rests on an overly simple juxtaposition between democracy and authoritarianism, and has misidentified the true danger faced by American institutions. The United States is in the process of becoming a less functional democracy in which both major parties retain a feasible prospect of winning elections but the nature of their competition is transformed in a manner that undermines the informal norms of healthy democratic life. This entails a shift from “clean” forms of competition which largely take the rules of the democratic game for granted towards what we term “dirty” democracy, in which competition consists, to a significant extent, of attempts to change the rules of the democratic game. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 455-472 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1957459 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1957459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:455-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1979502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paula D. McClain Author-X-Name-First: Paula D. Author-X-Name-Last: McClain Title: “Trump and racial equality in America? No pretense at all!” Abstract: This article explores the effects of the Trump administration’s racist words, policies, and behaviours on the increased racial divisions in the United States and the erosion of faith in American institutions. Many Americans have come to recognize that racial injustice is an enduring feature of American society. Recent events, such as the murder of George Floyd, have led to calls for racial justice. What is the definition of racial justice and how is it related to the concepts of structural inequality, systemic racism, structural racism, and institutional racism? The questions arises: What does racial justice look like in the present atmosphere in the United States? Is racial justice possible in a society riven by racial inequality? What about the wounds and scars from four years of Trump and his administration? Using a practical and policy-oriented definition of racial justice shows that Trump and his administration were not merely unconcerned about racial justice issues, but that they actually appeared to set out to exacerbate and inflame racial issues in the United States. Moreover, the damage done to the progress of America’s communities of colour, especially Black Americans, continues to manifest itself, despite Trump no longer being in office. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 491-508 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1979502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1979502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:491-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1934431_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jan Niklas Rolf Author-X-Name-First: Jan Niklas Author-X-Name-Last: Rolf Title: Donald Trump’s Jacksonian and Jeffersonian foreign policy Abstract: While the presidency of Donald Trump has come to an end, the debate about its theoretical classification is in full swing. Some have argued that Trump’s foreign policy stands in the tradition of Jacksonianism – one of the four schools of thought identified by Walter R. Mead. Others believe Trumpism (or, for that matter, Trumpianism) to constitute a school in its own right. This article suggests that Trump’s foreign policy is both old and new in that it draws on Jacksonianism but combines it with Jeffersonianism – a combination unseen since, at least, the end of the Cold War. Examining the foreign policies of the five American post-Cold War presidents through the lens of Mead’s four schools of thought, the article shows that Trump’s Jacksonianism-Jeffersonianism contrasts sharply with the Wilsonianism-Hamiltonianism of George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, but that it is only a partial departure from the Wilsonianism-Jacksonianism of George W. Bush and the Wilsonianism-Jeffersonianism of Barack Obama. What strikes many observers as odd about Trump’s presidency, it is claimed, has less to do with the content than with the style of his foreign policy, which, again, can be explained by the unlikely coalition of Jacksonianism and Jeffersonianism the president embraced. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 662-681 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1934431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1934431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:662-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1952971_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christopher Pepin-Neff Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Pepin-Neff Author-Name: Aaron Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Aaron Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: President Trump’s transgender moral panic Abstract: This article argues that former President Donald Trump acted as a moral entrepreneur when he created a moral panic by sending tweets that established a new national policy that negatively affected transgender Americans. The statement was that transgender Americans could not serve the US military in any valid capacity. The implication of the demonization was a moral panic predicated on the belief that transgender citizens were a burden to the American people, that they were invalid Americans. The policy tool used to facilitate the moral panic was Twitter, which was used to transmit his concerns to the broader public. The moral panic is a legacy of the Trump presidency for the way it sent a message that trans citizens were “others” and validated right-wing arguments against trans people in society. To reach this analysis, this article addresses the theory of moral panics within the context of the policy studies literature, including moral entrepreneurship, policy issues, and policy tools. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 646-661 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1952971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1952971 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:646-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1919299_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Edward Ashbee Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Ashbee Author-Name: Steven Hurst Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Hurst Title: The Trump administration and China: policy continuity or transformation? Abstract: The long-run consequences of the Trump presidency on US foreign policy have been a subject of debate. Policy towards China is one arena in which observers have argued that Trump's impact has been significant and is likely to outlast him. Indeed, it might be considered transformational. Many of the commentaries have, however, been largely anecdotal. So as to provide a more rigorous analysis of policy transformation we employ a previously developed framework that focuses on ideational shifts, the development of new or reconfigured interests that are allied to a particular policy, and institutional changes as a basis for change to be considered transformational and thereby enduring. Applying these criteria to Trump's China policy we argue that while there has been a paradigmatic change structured around the embrace of “strategic competition”, there have been some, but rather more limited, shifts in the character of interest configurations and institutional structures. We nonetheless conclude that while policy transformation is incomplete the changes that the Trump White House wrought have been profound and are very likely to shape the actions of future administrations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 720-737 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1919299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1919299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:720-737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1979501_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kristian L. Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Kristian L. Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Author-Name: Anna Dimitrova Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Dimitrova Title: Trump, trust and the transatlantic relationship Abstract: This article provides an original analysis of the crisis in transatlantic relations during the Trump presidency by drawing on two theories of trust: Hoffman's work on trusting interstate relationships, focused on decision-makers' policies, and Keating and Ruzicka's work on hedging strategies. Hoffman conceptualizes interstate trust as when the trustees are expected to “do what is right” because of shared norms and values; we compare this fiduciary or moralistic approach with the predictive approach, which considers trust a strategic and rational choice made by state leaders with material interests and gains in mind. Applying this theoretical framework, we examine the impact of Trump's “America First” foreign policy on transatlantic relations, showing that there has been a pronounced shift from the fiduciary to the predictive form of trust, a development that challenges the very essence of transatlantic relations. Moreover, we also discuss the hedging initiatives adopted by the European allies in order to cope with this crisis of trust. The article concludes that in spite of periodic crises in the past, Trump's approach to allies and to transatlantic relations created a crisis of trust unlike any seen before, one which will not be overcome merely by a change of US president. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 699-719 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1979501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1979501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:699-719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1947482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jacob Shively Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Shively Title: Cybersecurity policy and the Trump administration Abstract: This article evaluates the conditions under which national cybersecurity policy changes or remains stable. Consistent with theories of policy and bureaucratic inertia, particularly punctuated equilibrium theory (PET), it finds that national-level cybersecurity policy during the Trump administration was constrained by existing conceptual, political, and strategic commitments. It uses government and media documentation to observe two pivotal policy periods during the Trump administration. It finds that despite shifting from a nominally defensive to a nominally offensive posture, rather than revise policy categories and priorities, policy makers interpreted cyber threats within existing threat and policy categories. These findings offer two contributions to policy scholarship. First, they begin the process of situating the Trump administration in the larger context of US cybersecurity policy. Second, they demonstrate constraints on senior policy makers as well as the utility of a punctuated equilibrium model. The Trump administration’s “defending forward” concept represented one of the most ambitious efforts to break with existing US cybersecurity policy; however, even this effort was constrained in ways consistent with punctuated equilibrium theory. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 738-754 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1947482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1947482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:738-754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1931671_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Naim Kapucu Author-X-Name-First: Naim Author-X-Name-Last: Kapucu Author-Name: Donald Moynihan Author-X-Name-First: Donald Author-X-Name-Last: Moynihan Title: Trump’s (mis)management of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US Abstract: Crises are a time when people look to their political leaders for action. For a President who was a master of shaping political narratives, COVID-19 offered an opportunity to use his messaging skills to steer the public response. Instead, COVID-19 revealed Trump’s long-standing inability to manage governance processes reflected in a series of failures in decision-making, communication, collaboration, and coordination and control. This article examines leadership qualities needed to successfully manage crisis and compares those qualities to President Trump’s actions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case reveals how the lack of presidential leadership left the United States in a position of failure, characterized by high case rates, deaths, and an ongoing inability to establish a basic national consensus on how to respond to the pandemic. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 592-610 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1931671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1931671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:592-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1909718_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Benjamin Born Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Born Author-Name: Gernot J. Müller Author-X-Name-First: Gernot J. Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Author-Name: Moritz Schularick Author-X-Name-First: Moritz Author-X-Name-Last: Schularick Author-Name: Petr Sedláček Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Sedláček Title: The macroeconomic impact of Trump Abstract: Donald Trump was the President of the United States from January 2017 to January 2021. During that time, except for the period since spring 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic took its toll on economic activity, the US economy has been doing very well according to key indicators like the unemployment rate and GDP growth. Does Trump deserve credit for the booming economy? To address this question, we develop a counterfactual scenario for how the US economy would have evolved without Trump – we let a matching algorithm determine which combination of other economies best resembles the pre-election path of the US economy. We then compare the performance of the US economy during Trump’s Presidency to this synthetic “doppelganger”. There is little evidence for a Trump effect. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 580-591 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1909718 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1909718 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:580-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1926445_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Dermot Hodson Author-X-Name-First: Dermot Author-X-Name-Last: Hodson Title: The visual politics and policy of Donald Trump Abstract: Political scientists seeking to understand politics and policy-making typically start with what political actors say and do. But Donald Trump’s tumultuous presidency reminds us that images also matter. Engaging with methods, concepts and theories from visual studies, this article analyses images of the 45th president produced by official photographers, photojournalists, political activists and foreign governments between 1985 and 2021. W.J.T. Mitchell’s concept of the pictorial turn, it argues, helps us to understand the importance of such images for Trump’s post-truth politics, but also anxiety about their influence. This article finds that attempts to deride, deface or destroy Trump’s charismatic, strong-man persona were never likely to succeed because, as Mitchell predicts, they reduced the president’s supporters to idolaters in thrall to the power of images. Images played a more productive role, this article finds, by debunking the president’s political falsehoods in ways that textual corrections struggled to do and by documenting his administration’s disruptive approach to policy-making in areas such as foreign affairs and immigration policy. Such images did not tell the whole truth, but they were no less successful at confronting Trump’s post-truth politics as a result. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 509-527 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1926445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1926445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:509-527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1976744_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christine L. Nemacheck Author-X-Name-First: Christine L. Author-X-Name-Last: Nemacheck Title: Trump’s lasting impact on the federal judiciary Abstract: Over a single term in office, President Donald Trump appointed three justices to the U.S. Supreme Court, 54 United States Circuit Court of Appeals judges, and 174 federal District Court judges. Those numbers, particularly the 54 courts of appeals judges, rival those of President Barack Obama’s totals (55) over 8 years in office. However, over that same term, Trump was embroiled in numerous controversies and often frustrated his own administration officials’ efforts to enact and implement policy. Trump’s policy failures stand in stark contrast to his success in reshaping the federal judiciary. This article examines that contradiction and argues that at least part of the reason for his success in nominating federal judges lies in the unique judicial selection strategy he embraced; a strategy for which Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Federalist Society members within and outside of the administration were essential players. This article presents one of the first analyses of Trump’s appointment process over his full term in office, including his unique use of appointment short lists, the confirmation strategy his administration pursued in tandem with Republican Senate leadership, and the lasting impact Trump’s appointees are likely to have on U.S. law and policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 544-562 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1976744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1976744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:544-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1950668_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Myunghee Kim Author-X-Name-First: Myunghee Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Jonathan O. Knuckey Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan O. Author-X-Name-Last: Knuckey Title: Trump and US soft power Abstract: President Trump’s leadership style departed from any other presidents in the US. Trump’s unconventional speeches, offhanded remarks, and unilateral foreign policies raised concerns among politicians and citizens around the world. This article examines perceptions of global citizens of President Trump’s leadership from his personality and policy perspectives as well as their damaging effects on US soft power. According to the analysis of the 2017 Pew Research Center’s global attitudes project, respondents from the majority of countries in the sample regard Trump’s leadership negatively, the effects mostly driven by Trump’s own personality traits. Trump’s divergent policies concerning critical global issues – the environment, immigration, Iran deal, trade relations, and religion – further curtail the favorability rating of the US and deepen anti-Americanism among citizens in other nations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 682-698 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1950668 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1950668 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:682-698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1955849_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Laura Ellyn Smith Author-X-Name-First: Laura Ellyn Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Trump and Congress Abstract: In examining Donald Trump’s presidential leadership, this article focuses on determining his efficacy as a political leader evident through three critical turning points in his presidency. His presidency began with a key legislative defeat, followed by a rare policy victory and in 2019, he controversially shutdown the government in a failed attempt to gain congressional funding for the US-Mexico border wall. By comparing the GOP attempt to reform healthcare with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, this article demonstrates how Republican legislative success relied upon a unified approach between Congress and the White House, with clear, long-established policy goals. Analysis of the longest government shutdown in US history provides insight into Trump’s leadership style, presidential power and relationship with Congress. In all three cases, Trump’s rhetoric failed to effectively support Republican policy efforts or convince Americans that their course of action was best. Indeed, Trump’s rhetoric and actions often proved more contradictory and damaging to Republican efforts and to the overall future of the party. This article concludes that Trump inexperience and character was ill-equipped to be an effective political leader, evident in his few legislative achievements and the toxic environment of hyper-partisanship he left behind. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 528-543 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1955849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1955849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:528-543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1949090_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Assessing the policy effects of political leaders: a layered framework Abstract: How should political leaders be evaluated? This article reviews existing approaches and argues that they are insufficiently developed to map the more complex policy effects of political leaders, since they tend to focus on electoral and broader regime level outcomes. In response, it maps out a layered framework based on scientific realism. The layered approach argues that analysis should focus on the effects of leaders within societal structures, formal political institutions, the framing of policy problems as well as policy. The approach requires that we are sensitive to the structure and agency relationships between layers when identifying where leaders brought about policy and political change, as well as the effects on the international system and on other polities. It is proposed that the new approach will help to develop a more complete and nuanced understanding of the policy effects of leaders that will uncover their effects in hidden spaces as well as broader societal shifts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 437-454 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1949090 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1949090 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:437-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1959541_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michelle Keck Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Keck Author-Name: Monica Clua-Losada Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Clua-Losada Title: Trump’s authoritarian neoliberal governance and the US-Mexican border Abstract: This article considers how US border policy and the rhetorical use of the construction of a border wall between the United States and Mexico expands our understanding of the authoritarian neoliberal reorganization of the state and processes of capitalist accumulation during the Trump Presidency. Our argument makes an important contribution to the literature by examining how Trump's Border Wall project is an advanced mode of authoritarian neoliberalism. To do so, the article focuses on how the border wall, as an unfinished project that has resulted in the Trump administration invoking eminent domain to take property for dubious “public good” uses related to border wall construction, expands, deepens and reinforces notions of political and economic disciplining of border populations including migrants and refugees in particular ways such as through the use of child separation and “Remain in Mexico” policies. The article situates the border wall project within a continuum of using border imaginary not just as a frontier but as a key node within the global economy. This article argues that the construction of the border wall, as a key issue in the political agenda combined with an aggressive anti-immigration policy, has been an effective populist mechanism to further insulate the deepening of a neoliberal agenda. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 611-627 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1959541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1959541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:611-627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1980114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: The effects of Donald Trump Abstract: What effect did Donald Trump have within and beyond America? This article assesses the policy impact of the President using the new layered framework for understanding the impact of political leaders, which considers their effect on the connected layers of societal structures, political institutions and policy. Firstly, the article extends the framework with a new typology of change. Secondly, it draws from the empirical articles in this volume to map his effects under the new typology and the layered approach. Trump is found to have largely acted as an accelerant for already existing causal processes in society, rather than providing a radical break with past politics in many areas. By undermining democratic institutions and encouraging hyper-partisanship within political institutions, for example, he was strengthening prevailing causal forces rather than constructing new forces. However, there were some more substantial effects such as the reversal of progress towards racial equality. In the layer of policy, he crucially failed to slow or reverse destructive pressures on the economy and public health or even fulfil major campaign promises on healthcare. Overall, Trump illustrates neither the strength nor weakness of the office of presidency, but instead the dangers of poor political leadership to citizens in America and beyond, especially in times of crisis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 755-769 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 42 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1980114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1980114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:42:y:2021:i:5-6:p:755-769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1657079_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Daaniyall Author-X-Name-Last: Abd Rahman Author-Name: Mohd Yusof Saari Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Yusof Author-X-Name-Last: Saari Author-Name: Manfred Lenzen Author-X-Name-First: Manfred Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzen Author-Name: Arunima Malik Author-X-Name-First: Arunima Author-X-Name-Last: Malik Title: Skills and ethnics wage inequalities within the global value chain: an evidence from Malaysia Abstract: International fragmentation phenomenon has dramatically changed the pattern of international trade. Instead of exchange of finished goods, the so-called global value chain (GVC) involves multi-stages production process across geographical borders, probing for its impact of gain from trade. Using recently developed multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables, this paper examines and compares wage inequality effects of trading with Transpacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA), BRICS and ASEAN economies in Malaysia. A combination of MRIO model and inequality accounting framework has been exploited to quantify skills (i.e. low, medium, high) and ethnics wage inequality. The results show that Malaysia could have significantly experienced high wage inequality at different skill categories and across ethnic groups when trade with TPPA, suggesting the mega trade deal potentially risks existing efforts for equitable distribution. In particular, Chinese ethnics, who are commonly employed in high productive sectors, benefit the most compared to Malays and Indians. In contrast, exports to the BRICS and ASEAN countries have minimal effects on wage inequality, where regional trade could be more effective in reducing inequalities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 56-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1657079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1657079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:56-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724924_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lisa Andersson Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson Title: Coordination patterns and institutional settings: a comparative study of labour market programs for unemployed youth in Sweden and the United Kingdom Abstract: Over the past decades, Europe has seen increasing interest in and pressure to coordinate social policy. Studies on the coordination of social policies have found that institutional settings affect coordination patterns when comparing different welfare state ideal-types. Adding to this body of research, this paper compares two countries with diverging authority to regulate social policy areas; Sweden representing a unitary decentralized state and the UK representing a regionalized state. With labour market programs for youth serving as a case, the purpose of this paper is to compare the development of inter- and intra-policy coordination over a period of 10 years, analysing the impact of regulatory authority. Policy documents which set the regulatory frame of the programs are analysed from the perspectives of instruments, and territorial levels of regulatory authority and how these connect to coordination patterns. The results show that levels of discretion and processes of decentralization and fragmentation of regulatory authority impact on coordination patterns, where inter- and intra-coordination develops under different circumstances. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 90-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724924 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724924 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:90-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1754384_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Marwa Sahnoun Author-X-Name-First: Marwa Author-X-Name-Last: Sahnoun Author-Name: Chokri Abdennadher Author-X-Name-First: Chokri Author-X-Name-Last: Abdennadher Title: A simultaneous-equation model of active labour market policies and change in unemployment rate: evidence from OECD countries Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the nexus between Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP) and change in unemployment rate. A dynamic simultaneous-equation panel data models have been applied to 16 OECD countries studied over the 2000–2015 period. Our results indicate that the ALMP expenditure leads to the reduction of the change in unemployment. The ALMPs appear to be efficient in reducing the unemployment rate in these countries. Besides, any increase of the change in unemployment rate leads to the decrease of the ALMP expenditure. This occurs in connection to the high costs of the active spending during periods of recession and to the pressure it makes to provide a continuous income to the unemployed through unemployment benefits. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 3-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1754384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1754384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:3-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1645324_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jesse Heley Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Author-X-Name-Last: Heley Author-Name: Sophie Yarker Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Yarker Author-Name: Laura Jones Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Volunteering in the bath? The rise of microvolunteering and implications for policy Abstract: This paper addresses the emergence of microvolunteering as a conceptual and practical phenomenon, as well as one which policy makers must engage with in a careful and critical fashion. Taking a lead from Smith et al. [2010. “Enlivened Geographies of Volunteering: Situated, Embodied and Emotional Practices of Voluntary Action.” Scottish Geographical Journal 126: 258–274] who specify a need to extend our analyses beyond the formal organizational spaces of volunteering, we consider the potential impact of micro-volunteering on changing patterns of civic participation over the next decade or two. With particular reference to policy ambitions and transformations in the UK, but with reference to broader international trends also, we set out how microvolunteering is being variously defined and appropriated as a means of addressing structural barriers to “traditional” volunteering. Drawing on a range of practical examples we consider how microvolunteering potentially alters the relationship between volunteering, community and identity, as well as relates to the parallel notion of “slacktivism”. Set against both positive and negative accounts of microvolunteering within the broader media, we advocate caution to policy makers looking to implement such activities, and particularly in respect to what microvolunteering can realistically achieve. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 76-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1645324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1645324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:76-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1686470_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pedro Flores-Crespo Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Flores-Crespo Author-Name: Dulce C. Mendoza Cazarez Author-X-Name-First: Dulce C. Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza Cazarez Title: Implementing a merit-based scheme for recruiting teachers in Mexico. An Advocacy Coalition perspective Abstract: This article discusses how a merit-based scheme for selecting and hiring teachers in Mexico has been implemented. In so doing, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith 1988) was used, showing that a pluralist approach can be relevant to a more comprehensive understanding of the policy implementation process in a corporatist context. Two coalitions were identified; however, despite their formation and their relative power of influence, they were rather limited in putting their policy beliefs into practice. This allowed a deeper analysis of the factors constraining policy implementation. It was found that top level pacts need to be revised in the light of the complex nature of policies regarding teachers’ professional development. Furthermore, technical issues as well as a coherent normative framework seem to be taken into account more seriously, which may disentangle the conflicting goals of teacher professionalism policies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 108-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1686470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1686470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:108-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2008900_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Labour market policies during an age of uncertainty Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-2 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2008900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2008900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:1-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1959987_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 125-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1959987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1959987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:125-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1649384_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Ioana Alexandra Horodnic Author-X-Name-First: Ioana Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Horodnic Author-Name: Colin C. Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin C. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Tackling undeclared work in the European Union: beyond the rational economic actor approach Abstract: To tackle the undeclared economy, an emergent literature has called for the dominant “rational economic actor” approach, which increases the sanctions and risk of detection, to be replaced and/or complemented by a “social actor” approach that fosters citizens’ commitment to compliance. Reporting two waves of the Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2007 and 2013 across Europe, fixed-effects logistic regression analysis reveals that although both approaches reduce participation in undeclared work, the strength of the impact of deterrents on the likelihood of participation in undeclared work has weakened between 2007 and 2013, but has strengthened for vertical and horizontal trust. The paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of these findings. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1649384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1649384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:1:p:21-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1665643_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Keith Baker Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Title: Governance, depoliticization, and nuclear power in Britain and the United States Abstract: Governance is a form of statecraft used to work through networks. A complementary perspective to governance is depoliticization which considers statecraft under neoliberalism. This article argues that depoliticization is a way of practicing governance. Depoliticization techniques can be understood as institutional, societal, or discursive and each technique is associated with a particular style of governance. Case studies of government efforts to revive nuclear power in Britain and the United States [US] through governance are used to consider the argument and extend the literature on depoliticization. Evidence is presented that a failure to realize policy goals through governance may be due to the use of inappropriate techniques of depoliticization. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 296-311 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1665643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1665643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:296-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1718072_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Evanthia A. Nanaki Author-X-Name-First: Evanthia A. Author-X-Name-Last: Nanaki Author-Name: Spyros Kiartzis Author-X-Name-First: Spyros Author-X-Name-Last: Kiartzis Author-Name: George A. Xydis Author-X-Name-First: George A. Author-X-Name-Last: Xydis Title: Are only demand-based policy incentives enough to deploy electromobility? Abstract: European Union (EU)’s energy and policy targets necessitate the penetration of new propulsion systems in the automotive industry. In this direction, the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that rely on low greenhouse gas emission electricity generation has great potential to significantly alleviate the dependence on fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector. In this study, the policy incentives that different countries have implemented for stimulating the market of EVs are presented. Different policy instruments are examined, in order to support the deployment of EVs in Greece. Based on data from previous study, where total costs of ownership have been calculated, three alternative policy support incentives have been developed and analysed to promote the use of EVs until 2030 in Greece. Results indicate the direct subsidy scheme is more favourable over a carbon taxation system. It is suggested that EV will be competitive with ICE in the year 2022/2023, if no additional policies are implemented in Greece. This study fills the gap in the literature by offering a policy view of the main measures as well of actions that need to be taken in Greece, in order to promote electromobility. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 370-386 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1718072 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1718072 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:370-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1645325_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Suman Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Suman Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Author-Name: Ayan-Yue Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Ayan-Yue Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Title: “Resilience” as a policy keyword: Arts Council England and austerity Abstract: This article examines how “resilience” appeared and became embedded as a keyword in Arts Council England’s (ACE) policy discourse from 2010, initially in response to the financial crisis in Britain and the government’s call for austerity. The general dynamic of what we call policy keywords here is thereby exemplified, while throwing light on Arts policy making at a specific historical juncture in Britain. Some of the features of such policy keywords are considered here: in terms of connotative ambiguities and associations, definitions, and naming or branding practices. Their distinctive purchase in ACE’s “resilience” policies is analysed in the process. The policies were designed to reduce public spending by appealing to normative agendas which, in this instance, seemed contingent on a larger and immediate impetus and were derived from the field of “ecological economics”. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 279-295 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1645325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1645325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:279-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1923687_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jinhwa Chung Author-X-Name-First: Jinhwa Author-X-Name-Last: Chung Author-Name: Yoonseock Lee Author-X-Name-First: Yoonseock Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Alcohol, deterrence, and crime: causality and policy lessons from Korea Abstract: The relationship between alcohol use, crime and public policy interventions is a pressing area of study in the policy sciences. This article compares the effects of alcohol price control policies and crime deterrence policies by type of crime through a case study of South Korea. Specifically, an instrumental variable was introduced to address the problem of endogeneity between alcohol consumption and crime. Instead of using the alcohol tax rate, this study’s instrumental variable was derived from the vertical restraint structure of the Korean distilled liquor industry. The results of the study’s empirical analysis show a significant and negative relationship between the arrest rate and violent, property, and economic crimes. Alcohol consumption is observed to have a positive relationship with violent crime only. Additionally, prevention activities deployed by the police were found to have a negative relationship with property crime, while the prosecution rate was determined to have a negative relationship with economic crime. Furthermore, as opposed to deterrence policies, an alcohol control policy through higher alcohol tax rates emerged as more effective for reducing alcohol-related crime, and a specific rate tax was found to be more effective than an ad valorem tax for deterring alcohol-related crime. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 244-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1923687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1923687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:244-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1606902_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Simone Georg Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Georg Author-Name: Matthew Manning Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Manning Title: Safety in Indigenous communities: identifying gaps and opportunities in Australian crime prevention policy Abstract: This research is part of a larger 3-year project that investigates how a socially and culturally inclusive policy approach could improve community safety in a remote Indigenous community in the Northern Territory. In this article, we attempt to address the questions – how is community safety defined and conceptualized in Australian policy, and how does this compare to how it is viewed in the case study community? Our goal is to challenge and build on Australian policy concepts, specifically relating to community safety and crime prevention, in remote areas where there is a large proportion of Indigenous people. Findings reveal that: (1) the definition and conceptualization of community safety differs between the case study community and current Australian Government strategies and (2) current government strategies to reducing crime and improving safety do not adequately address the range of problems experienced in this case study. To address this gap, Australian policies and services need to embrace a strength-based approach to addressing the complexity of behavioural and neighbourhood problems holistically. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 144-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1606902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1606902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:144-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1708887_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joshua Newman Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Newman Author-Name: Martha Widdi Nurfaiza Author-X-Name-First: Martha Widdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nurfaiza Title: Policy design, non-design, and anti-design: the regulation of e-cigarettes in Indonesia Abstract: In this article, we propose a typology of policy design and non-design, with special attention to a category of policy making which we term, “anti-design”. We argue that contrary to the established literature, the opposite of design is not politics, but rather, a disconnect between problems, interventions, and outcomes. This disconnect can be caused by political forces but also by non-political factors such as incompetence, corruption, or global economic trends. We use an attempt by the government of Indonesia to regulate e-cigarettes to illustrate a scenario in which design activities are virtually absent. Making the distinction between design and the various forms of non-design is an important step in understanding the conditions that enable or impede rational mechanisms in the policy process. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 226-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1708887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1708887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:226-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1954608_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Verónica Figueroa Huencho Author-X-Name-First: Verónica Author-X-Name-Last: Figueroa Huencho Title: Why do Indigenous public policies fail? Abstract: It is often suggested that public policies “fail” when they are formulated and/or implemented in contexts of diversity, specifically for Indigenous Peoples. This article uses a framework developed by McConnell [2010a. “Policy Success, Policy Failure and Gray Areas in-Between.” Journal of International Public Policy 30 (3): 345–362] in order to explain if and why “policy failure” has occurred for Indigenous public policies, using the case of Chile. Data were collected through 30 interviews and an analysis of official documents, literature, and media sources. The findings derived from the empirical analysis show (a) the usefulness of this framework to identify the main dimensions that affect the policy process and its outcomes in Indigenous policies; (b) the interdependence between policy design and the processes/programmes of policies; (c) the relevance of the cultural and political dimension of Indigenous people to prevent policy failure; (d) the little influence of the political dimension on policy failures. Overall, the article makes an important contribution to how Indigenous policies can be assessed and contributes to the broader literature on policy failure. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 125-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1954608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1954608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:125-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1666099_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jim Leitzel Author-X-Name-First: Jim Author-X-Name-Last: Leitzel Title: Vice policy in Russia: alcohol, tobacco, gambling Abstract: In the past fifteen years the regulatory systems surrounding the traditional vices of alcohol, tobacco, and gambling have been extensively overhauled in Russia, generally in the direction of tighter control. This article surveys these reforms and assesses their impact. In the case of alcohol and tobacco, the reforms have been quite salutary in overall terms, even as opportunities to engage legally in these vices remain plentiful; Russia’s extensive geographical ban on casino gambling, alternatively, might rein in compulsive wagering, but at the cost of putting legal casino gambling out of reach for most Russians. Informal markets continue to limit the effectiveness of formal vice market regulations, but do not preclude the maintenance of robust regimes that can protect reasonable vice participation, while still raising meaningful barriers to less-than-fully considered vice decision-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 203-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1666099 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1666099 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:203-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1656805_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Gook Jin Kim Author-X-Name-First: Gook Jin Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: Examining the predictors of medical marijuana legalization in the United States using an empirically based taxonomy approach Abstract: The legalization of medical marijuana in states of the United States is currently a controversial topic. Despite conflict with the federal government, 33 states have legalized medical marijuana and other states are currently considering adopting the law by the year 2019. Why do some US states adopt medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and others do not? This study examines the diffusion of MMLs by analysing policy adoption from morality and economic development policy perspectives. This study finds that the morality perspectives of states – religious groups, citizens' liberal ideology, and a ballot initiative process – have a significant effect on the adoption of medical marijuana laws. Economic indicators – fiscal capacity growth, incarceration, and the cost of the justice system – also have a significant effect on adoption. Marijuana users and the state regulatory environment are also important predictors of the diffusion. Overall, this study finds that the adoption and diffusion of MMLs is mainly determined by the opinions of citizens rather than the political ideology of elected officials or the government’s fiscal health conditions. In addition, the study finds that the multidimensional policy model provides a better explanation for this than either of the single policy perspective models. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 183-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1656805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1656805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:183-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1634189_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chang Yee Kwan Author-X-Name-First: Chang Yee Author-X-Name-Last: Kwan Author-Name: Mukul G. Asher Author-X-Name-First: Mukul G. Author-X-Name-Last: Asher Title: Managing shocks in Singapore's ageing and retirement arrangements Abstract: Asia is rapidly ageing and there is a need for governments to adjust social security expenditures accordingly to facilitate better management of socioeconomic shocks by the individual/household and society as a whole. This article examines the ageing and retirement arrangements in Singapore and argues that they provide a very limited ability for the individual/household to mitigate the effects of an adverse socioeconomic shock. A major contributor to this is the limited social risk pooling resulting from a continued focus on mandatory savings to a defined-contribution scheme for ageing and retirement-financing needs, age and gender biases in existing policy designs, and low real rates of return to mandatory savings balances. More fundamental reforms are needed if Singapore is to be able to better manage the impact of adverse socioeconomic shocks. This includes introducing a budget-financed universal social pension, and a realignment of the mandated returns to the contributions and balances under existing retirement financing arrangements. Otherwise, there is potential for socially-destabilizing and -detrimental outcomes to emerge in the medium- to longer-term. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 264-278 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1634189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1634189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:264-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1711876_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Carlos Solar Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Solar Author-Name: Martin Smith Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Austerity and governance: coordinating policing and mental health policy in the UK Abstract: Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, through an analysis of the issue of policing and mental health in the UK, that network governance and polycentrism can be a significant constraint on reform when policy is delivered through multiple overlapping agencies, but with a lack of overarching authority. In the case of policing and mental health, introducing new governance arrangements is complex, much more so in a context of austerity. Resistance within organizations can oppose to novel forms of governance, and the new demands created by expenditure cuts further stress service delivery. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 352-369 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1711876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1711876 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:352-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1704234_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Dave Snow Author-X-Name-First: Dave Author-X-Name-Last: Snow Title: The social construction of naturopathic medicine in Canadian newspapers Abstract: This article uses the social construction of target populations (SCTP) approach to examine the social construction of naturopathic medicine in the Canadian media at a time of policy change. It uses an original dataset of newspaper articles during a period (2013–2017) that involved increased scrutiny about naturopathic medicine due to a high-profile criminal trial. It finds that naturopathic medicine was far more likely to be portrayed negatively than positively, and that the trial increased the frequency of negative stories of the profession. This demonstrates that naturopathic medicine has not been able to withstand a negative social construction in Canada in spite of concrete public policy gains in many provinces. It further demonstrates the need for scholars using the SCTP approach to emphasize the role of the media in influencing target populations’ social constructions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 312-332 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1704234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1704234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:312-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1760233_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mei-Fang Fan Author-X-Name-First: Mei-Fang Author-X-Name-Last: Fan Author-Name: Sheng-Chun Sung Author-X-Name-First: Sheng-Chun Author-X-Name-Last: Sung Title: Indigenous political participation in the deliberative systems: the long-term care service controversy in Taiwan Abstract: Although research on the deliberative systems has been extensive, relatively little attention has been paid to indigenous deliberation. This article provides an analysis of how indigenous civic organizations use deliberative means to influence the policy decisions pertaining to indigenous lone-term care service and how indigenous deliberation and advocacy has helped in enhancing the deliberative capacity and forming the shared narratives of indigenous groups. Indigenous groups initiated the “grassroots civic forum”, promoted policy storylines, and invited various civic groups that provide multiple care services to share experiences. This enabled them to speak for the needs of indigenous elderly people, initiate dialogue with decision-makers and legislators, and connect with other organizations for advocating policy change. Deliberative forums and indigenous activism contribute to knowledge production and policy shift away from the cultural dominance and urban style of long-term care services towards cogovernance and coproduction of services. It also led to the amendment of the Indigenous Long-Term Care Service Law to better reflects indigenous difference. The continuous political involvement of indigenous organizations in the service policy and cogovernance of long-term care increases the opportunities of equal access to care service resources, which can be seen as the product of deliberation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 164-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1760233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1760233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:164-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1708301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Mark Turner Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Author-Name: Eko Prasojo Author-X-Name-First: Eko Author-X-Name-Last: Prasojo Author-Name: Rudiarto Sumarwono Author-X-Name-First: Rudiarto Author-X-Name-Last: Sumarwono Title: The challenge of reforming big bureaucracy in Indonesia Abstract: Under the authoritarian rule of President Suharto, Indonesia built one of the world’s largest bureaucracies. However, it suffered from a range of problems including rampant corruption, inefficiency, poor service delivery and process orientation. Following democratization in 1998, the country’s political leaders have experimented with various modes of public administration reform culminating in the system-wide bureaucracy reform of Presidents Yudhoyono and Jokowi that commenced in 2010. This article examines the nature of Indonesia’s public administration reform in the democratic era using ideal type constructions that facilitate identification of what the reforms are and what they are trying to achieve while simultaneously setting out the current bureaucratic structures and behaviours and the difficulties they pose for the reformers. The article concludes that while progress has been made, Indonesia will not achieve its declared goal of creating a “world class” public service by 2025 largely due to powerful forces resisting reform. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 333-351 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1708301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1708301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:2:p:333-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1758306_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Chen Huang Author-X-Name-First: Chen Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Hongtao Yi Author-X-Name-First: Hongtao Author-X-Name-Last: Yi Author-Name: Tao Chen Author-X-Name-First: Tao Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Xiaolin Xu Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolin Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Author-Name: Shiying Chen Author-X-Name-First: Shiying Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Networked environmental governance: formal and informal collaborative networks in local China Abstract: With the recent trend toward collaborative governance, governmental and nongovernmental actors are actively engaged in the environmental governance in China, forming formal and informal networks in this process. While existing research has mostly examined the formation of either formal or informal networks, few studies have examined the influence of formal networks on the formation of informal networks. This article examines the collaborative environmental governance network in China by studying the relationship between formal networks and informal networks. We conduct the research in the empirical context of local water governance in Dongguan city of Guangdong province, China. With survey data collected from 31 municipal departments, 32 town governments, 9 water-related private business and 5 NGOs, we test the hypothesis with Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) regression analysis. The results indicate that formal network does affect and contribute to the formation of informal network, and actors within the formal network are more likely to build informal relationships in environmental governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 403-421 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1758306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1758306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:403-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1693529_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lihua Yang Author-X-Name-First: Lihua Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: The relationship between the application and effects of science and its influencing factors: an empirical study in northern China Abstract: Science plays an important role in various types of public and environmental policy and governance. People often intuitively assume that higher extents (amount) of the application of science-based measures must lead to increased effects of science application. Based on an empirical case study of desertification control in northern China, however, this study found that the relationship between the extent and effect of scientific application followed a cubic rather than a simplified linear relationship and was influenced by a set of factors, including biophysical conditions, science itself, interactions between organizations and social actors, and other supporting elements (such as financial, technical, institutional, and moral or spiritual support). The study also developed a framework for analyzing factors that influence the extents and effects of scientific application and the deviation between the two. These findings provide concrete instructions for both policy-makers and practitioners to improve the effect of scientific application in public and environmental governance at both local and international levels. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 558-577 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1693529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1693529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:558-577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1865529_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yeqing Huang Author-X-Name-First: Yeqing Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Shurong Han Author-X-Name-First: Shurong Author-X-Name-Last: Han Title: Explaining social insurance participation: the importance of the social construction of target groups in China Abstract: The extension of welfare coverage to immigrants and their participation in welfare programmes has been a subject of concern in many countries. By applying the theory of social construction of target groups and a framework of stakeholder analysis, this article attempts to explain why migrants in the construction sector of China fail to participate despite the urban pension scheme aiming to expand its coverage. By analysing social construction and the interaction among the government, enterprises and migrants, this study suggests that migrants in the construction sector are considered a necessity for urban economic development but most migrants are low-skilled with limited education; thus, the policy is characterized by selectivity and inflexibility, which has feed-forward effects on both enterprises and individuals. On the one hand, enterprises select skilled technicians and management personnel to participate in urban pension schemes while compromising with most other construction workers to avoid contribution to the social insurance pool; on the other hand, most individual migrants also believe the unlikelihood of truly benefiting from the urban pension extension. This article suggests that local governments should change their stereotypes and negative attitudes toward construction workers to ensure that the objective of equity could be realized in policy design and implementation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 578-598 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1865529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1865529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:578-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2054516_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 620-620 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2054516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2054516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:620-620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1961719_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Qingguo Meng Author-X-Name-First: Qingguo Author-X-Name-Last: Meng Author-Name: Ziteng Fan Author-X-Name-First: Ziteng Author-X-Name-Last: Fan Title: Punctuations and diversity: exploring dynamics of attention allocation in China’s E-government agenda Abstract: Existing literature regarding punctuated equilibrium theories (PET) and agenda diversity has examined the patterns of cross-domain attention allocation based on western democracies; however, few studies have systematically discussed the situation within a specific policy domain in transitioning countries. To address this research gap, this study empirically explored the punctuations and diversity in attention allocation within China’s national e-government issue from 2001 to 2018. By employing the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model to analyse relevant articles on e-government in the People’s Daily, we derived 10 distinct dimensions hidden in the corpora and constructed an original dataset of the e-government agenda. The empirical findings revealed that the information processing in the domain of the e-government in China are leptokurtic, and a gradual decrease in the intensity of punctuations with the enhancement of central coordination and civic participation was also observed. We also found that the dynamics of attention diversity partially followed the theoretical expectations of classic scholarships. By examining patterns of attention allocation across multiple dimensions within a certain policy, our findings speak to literature on PET and agenda diversity and increases the externality of relevant theories derived from the cross-domain analysis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 502-521 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1961719 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1961719 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:502-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1890707_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Longjin Chen Author-X-Name-First: Longjin Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Liangsong Yang Author-X-Name-First: Liangsong Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: Government size and citizen satisfaction in China: evidence that accommodates two contrasting views Abstract: The centuries-old debate on big versus limited government continues to rage unabated worldwide. The findings of a few studies that have examined spending and employment relating to government size in China are mixed. Adopting a “subjective” perspective for evaluating the effect of government size, this paper shows that the likelihood of Chinese citizens being satisfied with three publicly provided services increases with more government expenditures but fewer government employees. Moreover, regardless of spending or employment measures, the relationship between citizen satisfaction and government size takes a quadratic form overall. Our findings accommodate both the welfare state and public choice views on the effect of government size on individual well-being. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 522-537 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1890707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1890707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:522-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1624710_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yanwei Li Author-X-Name-First: Yanwei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Yi Liu Author-X-Name-First: Yi Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Joop Koppenjan Author-X-Name-First: Joop Author-X-Name-Last: Koppenjan Title: Government strategies in addressing three protests against PX plants in urban China: comparing cases using a most-similar-system design Abstract: This article explains variations in the strategies Chinese local governments apply to address protests against the planning, construction, or operation of paraxylene (PX) plants. We present an analytical framework that identifies government strategies and explanatory conditions. Using a most-similar-system design (MSSD), we compared government strategies adopted by three city governments – Dalian, Xiamen and Kunming – in coping with these protests. In response to PX protests, the Kunming and Dalian municipality continued construction or operation of the PX plant; in contrast, the Xiamen municipality relocated the plant. Our comparative analysis showed that the preference of higher level governments and national mass media, as well as perceived costs, are key conditions explaining these differences. Overall, we conclude that Chinese local governments, due to contradictory pressures and lock-ins, have little room to respond to citizens’ concerns during protests. In our conclusion, we compared our findings with those of an earlier application of QCA on a broader set of cases, including those analyzed here, to validate our findings and clarify the added value of MSSD. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 464-482 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1624710 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1624710 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:464-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1738368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yang Shen Author-X-Name-First: Yang Author-X-Name-Last: Shen Author-Name: Bingqin Li Author-X-Name-First: Bingqin Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Policy coordination in the talent war to achieve economic upgrading: the case of four Chinese cities Abstract: This paper captures the on-going “talent war” between Chinese cities by studying how municipal governments have coordinated migration settlement policies and subsidized rental housing policies to restructure the labour force for economic upgrading. Policies in four cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chongqing are coded and reviewed in detail to show the hierarchical and intersectoral policy coordination. The hierarchical analyses explain the responsibilities of the governments at each level. The cross-sectoral analyses reveal how domestic migration and housing policies are tightly knit together to support the local economic upgrading. The case studies of four cities show that the local policies are structurally aligned with the central guidelines, and the local governments adjust the thresholds for key indicators in the policies to attract or exclude migrants to reflect the local economic agenda and population control targets. This research showcases how the local governments in China try to balance between central mandates and local interests. The paradigm shift from pro-GDP growth to economic upgrading has clearly affected the local governments’ attitudes towards migrants. City authorities introduce selective migration strategies in response to the pressure to control population growth. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 443-463 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1738368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1738368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:443-463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1667966_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yongjiao Yang Author-X-Name-First: Yongjiao Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Yan Xu Author-X-Name-First: Yan Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Author-Name: Mick Wilkinson Author-X-Name-First: Mick Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkinson Title: Towards effective mobilization of social participation: from an instrumental approach to a value-oriented approach in China Abstract: State mobilization is crucial for promoting social participation in mainland China. Due to its historically weak roots, social participation’s limited popularity reflects the failure of China’s current instrumental mobilization approach which focuses on risk control, bureaucratism, and implementing top-down directives. As explained in this article, mobilization should be a value-oriented and inclusive process that emphasizes people’s happiness rather than achieving bureaucratic goals. This research contributes to the field of study by examining the key elements of value-oriented mobilization based on data from a national, large-scale survey conducted in mainland China. The implications for the development of policy for, and the part nonprofits can play in, social participation mobilization in China are also discussed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 538-557 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2019.1667966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2019.1667966 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:538-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2054091_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Wei Liu Author-X-Name-First: Wei Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Caixia Man Author-X-Name-First: Caixia Author-X-Name-Last: Man Title: Governance and public administration in China Abstract: Pressing new (and old) challenges has put systems of governance and public administration under pressure around the globe. In this era, there is an ever greater need to globalize academic knowledge and learn from divergent systems. China has traditionally been held up as a suis generis exemplar of a particular mode of governance. An updated understanding of modern China and Chinese research on public administration stands to enrich the discipline by challenging old myths and assumptions – or by empirically demonstrating some enduring features. Given China’s size and geopolitical significance, it is also an important focus of study. This article outlines the key features of the Chinese system of government, governance and public administration. It maps the contours of the evolution of the study of public administration in China from the start of the twentieth century to a more mature and globally connected discipline in the present day. It also summarizes articles in this volume which shed new light on power, governance and public administration in modern China. They also provide new insights into governance and public administration theory. The volume shows that China has seen some localization and decentralization, alongside experiments with collaboration and networked-based policy making. However, the system of governance and public administration remains innately top-down and centralized with the center holding strong policy levers and control over society. As the pandemic revealed, this statist approach provided both governing opportunities and disadvantages. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 387-402 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2054091 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2054091 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:387-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1724277_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jun Yang Author-X-Name-First: Jun Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Xue Zheng Author-X-Name-First: Xue Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng Title: Government annual report: decision usefulness, information accessibility and policy communication efficiency – Observations from 19 Chinese cities Abstract: Using data from a questionnaire survey of residents in 15 sub-provincial cities and 4 provincial-level municipalities in China, this paper presents an analysis of the political communication efficiency of the government annual report (GAR). The study had three findings. First, GARs’ relevance, reliability, and clarity impacted its communication efficiency; but, some demographic characteristics like gender, profession, age, and education, also had effects on efficiency. Second, political embeddedness and psychological distance also affected GARs’ communication efficiency; for example, public servants and regular viewers of CCTV news had higher awareness of GARs. Finally, accessibility was a factor of policy communication efficiency for GARs. Through a combination of using the indirect channels found in the private sector, and further developing its own direct channels like government websites, China's governments can greatly improve their efficiency of policy communication. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 483-501 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1724277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1724277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:483-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1772218_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Yanwei Li Author-X-Name-First: Yanwei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Shi Qiu Author-X-Name-First: Shi Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu Title: More “Government”, less “Governance”: Chinese public employees’ preferences for governing public service delivery Abstract: In recent years, Chinese public sectors have adopted various innovative approaches to govern public service delivery. Using the Q methodology, this contribution examines Chinese public employees’ preferences for governing public service delivery. It identifies four institutional assemblages: dominant controller, prudent manager, equal coproducer, and coupled supervisor. It concludes that public employees in China generally have a strong preference for the integrated approach and dislike the coproduction approach and the community approach. This conclusion corresponds with general impressions on Chinese governance. This study enriches existing theoretical understandings about the governance of public service delivery and provides insights for practitioners to design appropriate institutions to achieve satisfactory public service delivery. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 422-442 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1772218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:422-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1883576_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Changkun Cai Author-X-Name-First: Changkun Author-X-Name-Last: Cai Author-Name: Weiqi Jiang Author-X-Name-First: Weiqi Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang Author-Name: Na Tang Author-X-Name-First: Na Author-X-Name-Last: Tang Title: Campaign-style crisis regime: how China responded to the shock of COVID-19 Abstract: How did China construct effective crisis governance systems to cope with a transboundary crisis like COVID-19? By integrating policy regime and campaign theories, this article constructs an analytical framework – the campaign-style crisis governance regime – to answer this question. The COVID-19 crisis was reconceived as a people’s war in order to prompt idea-sharing within the regime. The decision-making and coordination capacity of crisis management was enhanced by the establishment of top-down leading groups/headquarters and complex horizontal/vertical and formal/informal institutional arrangements. By aligning the interests of stakeholders through a variety of mechanisms, the supply of materials and human resources and the level of cooperation were significantly improved. China’s campaign-style crisis regime is embedded in the nation’s political-administrative structures. This article also discusses the theoretical and empirical implications of Chinese-style response in the end. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 599-619 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1883576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1883576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:3:p:599-619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1760232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nadeem Samnakay Author-X-Name-First: Nadeem Author-X-Name-Last: Samnakay Title: Understanding design and implementation attributes for strategic policies: the case of Australia’s national environment policies Abstract: Governments develop policies that set strategic directions on matters of national significance, referred to in this paper as strategic policies. Australia’s Commonwealth Government develops and influences national environmental and sustainability policies despite having limited constitutional powers in the management of natural resources. The Commonwealth Government has, over the past three decades, developed strategic policies aimed at sustainably managing forests, water, soils and agricultural lands. The design and implementation arrangements of environmental policies that have endured is not well studied, and this paper addresses this knowledge gap in the context of a federal system. The National Forest Policy Statement, the National Water Initiative and the Natural Heritage Trust have endured centre-left Labor and centre-right Coalition Governments, and serve as case studies. These policies have required structural adjustments to industries to varying degrees to limit impacts on the environment, leading to contestations about policy objectives. The policy cycle serves as the primary heuristic for analysis and the research finds that policy objectives are constrained by the Commonwealth Government’s limited constitutional powers on environmental matters. Its participation in strategic policies is driven through notions of resolving a crisis and the policies endure in a phase of indifference to the original policy objectives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 715-737 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1760232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1760232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:715-737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1731447_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Karen Jones Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Neoliberalism at the borders of transnational policy: political exclusion in Australia’s Reconceptualization of trans-Tasman traditions Abstract: This paper explores the influence of political traditions on policymaking at the interface of national and transnational governance. It uncovers various dimensions of influence on boundary-setting through policy change, derived from a case study examining how Australia reconceptualised longstanding freedom of residential movement and equal treatment for citizens across the Tasman. These policymaking activities spanned boundaries across policy subsystems at the interface of both domestic and transnational arenas, in response to perceived dilemmas. This paper focuses on the enabling role of neoliberal ideations to effect an agenda driven by more covert motives. In context of bilateral economic integration, conflicting traditions created a dilemma for Australia, which sought to maintain the advantages of the free labour-market whilst minimizing the problem of granting access to social security and citizenship to those perceived to be unsuitable. I find that Australia, in resolving this dilemma, allowed neoliberal conceptions of labour as a commodity, thereby enabling traditions of exclusion and border control, to override longstanding trans-Tasman traditions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 696-714 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1731447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1731447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:696-714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1771297_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Zim Nwokora Author-X-Name-First: Zim Author-X-Name-Last: Nwokora Author-Name: Benjamin Isakhan Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Isakhan Author-Name: Chengxin Pan Author-X-Name-First: Chengxin Author-X-Name-Last: Pan Title: The real fourth estate? Portrayals of Trump’s rise in the foreign media of friendly countries Abstract: That the news media should operate as an impartial and responsible “fourth estate” in a democracy is a pervasive ideal, but there are serious obstacles – economic, organizational and political – to its achievement in practice. These obstacles, we argue, may be lower when an outlet reports on politics in another country, which is strategically allied to its own. And, for this reason, the quality of news coverage of that country’s politics may be higher in the reporting by foreign media outlets than in the reporting by domestic outlets. This article outlines the theory behind this conjecture and then examines it empirically through a content analysis of media representations of Donald Trump’s rise in two non-American outlets, The Australian and The Guardian. Their coverage, our analysis suggests, approximated fourth-estate ideals more closely than did the domestic coverage of Trump’s rise. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 838-859 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1771297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1771297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:838-859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1726311_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paulo Caldas Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Caldas Author-Name: Brian Dollery Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Dollery Author-Name: Rui Cunha Marques Author-X-Name-First: Rui Cunha Author-X-Name-Last: Marques Title: Measuring what matters in local government: a Municipality Sustainability Index Abstract: This paper focuses on “measuring what matters” in local government and presents a new evaluation model called Municipality Sustainability Index (MSI) based on the integration of a municipality’s financial performance with community sustainability and governance. Using Multi-criteria Decision Analysis methodology (MCDA), we develop an additive evaluation model which aggregates 25 indicators across four dimensions of performance to assess local government sustainability. A decision-making group (DMG) composed of representatives drawn from a network of stakeholders involved in local government- provided information on the requirements needed for a precise evaluation of the performance of any municipality along with prescriptive guidelines for a better local government decision-making. The MSI is used as a tool for local government evaluation and municipal strategic management. In order to illustrate the operation of the model, we applied it to Lisbon and to the sub-region of Leziria do Tejo in Portugal in order to assess performance, financial sustainability and governance. The Portuguese MSI model thus constitutes integrated instrument for local government evaluation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 738-758 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1726311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1726311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:738-758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2016679_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Laura A. Dean Author-X-Name-First: Laura A. Author-X-Name-Last: Dean Title: Policy silences and the formation of advocacy coalitions in East European sex tourism Abstract: The widening of the European Union and the emergence of budget airlines have brought a host of challenges to member states like Latvia. A result of the economic polarization and its disproportionate effect on women is the explosion of sex tourism. East European destinations such as Rīga have become more prevalent and accessible for sex tourists particularly from Western Europe. Despite this influx of sex tourists, the Latvian government has not formulated a policy response to manage sex tourism. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework from the public policy literature, this article examines how coalitions formed around Latvian sex tourism, a women’s advocacy coalition and a business advocacy coalition despite a policy silence. I find that women’s coalitions are key players in the policy subsystem that share beliefs and coordinate activities related to the victimization of women, while the business coalition prioritized creating a positive image of Latvia and generating tourism revenue over trying to regulate the tourism industry. This case study also reveals how a policy subsystem tried to emerge, but when sex tourism dissipated, coalitions pivoted to other sexual regulatory policy areas dependent on their deep core and policy core beliefs. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 877-896 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2016679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2016679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:877-896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1783439_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Louise Humpage Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Humpage Author-Name: Zoe Staines Author-X-Name-First: Zoe Author-X-Name-Last: Staines Author-Name: Greg Marston Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Marston Author-Name: Michelle Peterie Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Peterie Author-Name: Shelley Bielefeld Author-X-Name-First: Shelley Author-X-Name-Last: Bielefeld Author-Name: Philip Mendes Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Mendes Title: The complexity of convergence: a multi-dimensional analysis of compulsory income management and social investment in New Zealand and Australia Abstract: New Zealand and Australia have both adopted compulsory income management and an actuarially-based “social investment” approach since 2012, suggesting the two countries engaged in “policy transfer” and that their policy settings have converged over the past decade. Focusing on four of the six types of policy convergence identified by Hay [Hay, C. 2004. “Common Trajectories, Variable Paces, Divergent Outcomes? Models of European Capitalism Under Conditions of Complex Economic Interdependence.” Review of International Political Economy 11 (2): 231–262.] typology, we tease out differing levels of input, policy, paradigm and legitimatory rhetoric convergence and divergence between these policies. Our findings challenge initial assumptions that policy in the two countries became more similar after 2012 and highlight the need for multi-dimensional analyses examining varied types of convergence across different countries, policies and timeframes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 676-695 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1783439 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1783439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:676-695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1782869_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Seung-Hwan Ham Author-X-Name-First: Seung-Hwan Author-X-Name-Last: Ham Author-Name: Kyung-Eun Yang Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-Eun Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: The impact of anti-discrimination policies on immigrant youths’ sense of national belonging: an institutionalist account Abstract: How to help newcomers feel a greater sense of belonging in society has been the subject of ongoing debate in both policy and scholarly circles. This study posits that immigrant groups’ relatively low sense of belonging in many countries is partly a manifestation of unequal opportunity structure. Thus, the study hypothesizes that public anti-discrimination policies may serve as an effective intervention. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses have been conducted using data for 71,030 adolescents at 3,147 schools in 25 countries. The results show that while there exists a disparity in national belonging as perceived by immigrant and non-immigrant youth, societies with stronger anti-discrimination measures tend to reveal a smaller disparity. Further, hortatory and regulatory policies for anti-discrimination demonstrate a mutually reinforcing interplay, while regulatory policies appear to have a greater direct impact. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 821-837 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1782869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1782869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:821-837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1772216_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jungwoo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jungwoo Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Jae-Suk Yang Author-X-Name-First: Jae-Suk Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: Strategic R&D budget allocation to achieve national energy policy targets: the case of Korea Abstract: While recent international negotiations about combating climate change have led governments around the world to invest in R&D in the energy sector, funds allocated to R&D investment have remained limited during global economic downturns and dependent on national economic conditions. A systematic approach and strategic budget allocation are required to achieve various national energy policy targets. In this study, we describe the optimal investment portfolio for achieving energy policy targets in Korea based on three budget allocation criteria: past investment performance, expected future effects and additional investment risk. We outline the analytic hierarchical process by which policy target priorities are set, developing a market allocation model to analyse expected future effects and a system dynamics model to calculate the investment volume. The systematic approach suggested in this study can increase the efficiency of budget spending by helping governments make investment decisions based on clear criteria and the results of our quantitative analysis regarding government investment in R&D. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 791-820 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1772216 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772216 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:791-820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1803254_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jongkon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jongkon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Different policies, different voices: gender and legislative coordination in the United States Congress Abstract: As critical mass theorists have argued, the number of female legislators is important in the enactment of gender-status laws. Female legislators share strong beliefs on women's rights and have easily coordinated their legislative activities on gender issues. In addition, their strong coordination and consequent political influence have often allowed them to form a legislative majority by influencing male legislators. Gender policies, however, are frequently associated with non-gender policy dimensions on which female legislators tend to have different ideas. Thus, when a gender issue is interpreted in terms of a conspicuous non-gender policy dimension, critical mass theory may not work properly; the heterogeneity of female legislators regarding non-gender policy dimensions can weaken their legislative coordination, thereby hampering gender-status lawmaking. This article examines these propositions by reviewing the legislative histories of violence against women and the legality of abortion in the United States. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 659-675 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1803254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1803254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:659-675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1803255_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Magdalena Bexell Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Bexell Author-Name: Kristina Jönsson Author-X-Name-First: Kristina Author-X-Name-Last: Jönsson Title: Realizing the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development – engaging national parliaments? Abstract: This article examines the role of national parliaments in policy processes related to the realization of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, adopted in the UN General Assembly in 2015. We outline three main roles of parliaments in the case of national policy-making based on intergovernmental agreements: legislative and policy approval, citizen representation, and accountability. The cases of Sweden and Ghana are examined with regard to those roles, looking for factors that impact the degree of parliamentary involvement with the 2030 Agenda. The cases show that while formal features of political systems impact how parliaments exercise those roles, political choice among policy-making elites and voters is an equally important factor shaping how those roles play out. Yet, political choice can in turn be circumscribed by competing domains, issues and actors in national 2030 Agenda processes. Even if the two countries chosen for comparison are dissimilar with regard to substantive challenges faced in realizing the 2030 Agenda, they are alike with regard to weak involvement of their parliament in policy-making related to the 2030 Agenda thus far. The conclusion puts forward possible implications of a lack of parliamentary involvement for the domestic democratic legitimacy and realization of the 2030 Agenda. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 621-639 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1803255 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1803255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:621-639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1883205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 897-900 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1883205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1883205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:897-900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1770209_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pierre Georges Van Wolleghem Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Georges Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wolleghem Title: Does administrative capacity matter? The absorption of the European Fund for the integration of migrants Abstract: Empirical evidence of the relationship between administrative capacity and the use of EU funds is plentiful. According to this strand in literature, the complexity of spending rules is key in explaining the implementation gap. What would happen should administrative requirements be relaxed? This paper looks into the implementation of the European Fund for the Integration of third country nationals (EIF), a fund with simpler spending rules and yet a higher rate of unused money. Adapting the hypotheses put forth in absorption literature to the specifics of the EIF, I confront capacity-based explanations to (under-explored) preference-based ones in a comparative fashion. Even when spending EU money is easier, strong support is found for capacity explanans and little for preferences. Even so, administrative capacity appears to be only one factor amongst many, with financial capacity and decentralization playing strong roles too. Empirical evidence is drawn from the application of time-series cross-section methods to an original dataset. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 640-658 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1770209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1770209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:640-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1772217_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anne-Marie Parth Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Parth Author-Name: Josefine Nyby Author-X-Name-First: Josefine Author-X-Name-Last: Nyby Title: Welfare experiments as tools for evidence-based policy making? The political debate on Twitter about the basic income trial in Finland Abstract: Considered scientific and objective tools, welfare experiments have become increasingly attractive for testing innovative policy reforms. The basic income especially has been a popular policy experiment, trialed in several communities. However, do policymakers use welfare experiments as a policy instrument to gain empirical evidence for contested policy ideas? What can the political debate on Twitter reveal about the strategic functions of welfare experiments? Using a unique dataset of Finnish MPs’ Twitter tweets on the basic income trial in Finland from 2017 to 2018, this article finds that Members of Parliament (MPs) neither waited for new empirical findings nor argued in a constantly coherent way. In contrast, while waiting for the evaluation, the tweets of the MPs became increasingly negative, even though no further empirical knowledge was available. The quantitative empirical analysis concludes that the reference to core welfare paradigms was essential to the legitimisation of basic income, although framing between political parties differed. In summary, this article contributes to a better understanding of the strategic function of welfare experiments and demonstrates the usefulness of Twitter data for social policy analysis that goes beyond hashtag-based, big data-driven research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 772-790 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1772217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:772-790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1782870_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Title: “I ain’t gonna work on Maggie’s farm no more”: the five ordoliberal critiques of capitalism Abstract: These days, economic liberalism and international capitalism are typically presented as two sides of the same coin. Therefore, when discussing the downsides of capitalism, the critique usually stems from a socialist and thus “outside” perspective. However, a distinct – and historically overlooked – critique of capitalism comes from the inside of liberalism, namely from the so-called ordoliberalism. This is a German variant of liberalism from the 1930s and 1940s, and it may come as a surprise to some that it actually has a lot to offer in the present-day discussion of capitalism. This article reconstructs the ordoliberal critique and argues that ordoliberalism presents a strong and coherent critique of capitalism. In my reconstruction of ordoliberalism, I divide the critique into five categories (methodological, anthropological, moral, monopolistic, and strategic) and show that these five forms are bound together and underpin each other. Above all, this means that the connection between economic liberalism and capitalism is not as close as otherwise assumed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 759-771 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2020.1782870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2020.1782870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:759-771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1977263_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Şengül Altan Arslan Author-X-Name-First: Şengül Author-X-Name-Last: Altan Arslan Author-Name: Nurten Kara Author-X-Name-First: Nurten Author-X-Name-Last: Kara Author-Name: Halil Ibrahim Duranay Author-X-Name-First: Halil Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Duranay Title: Women’s movements for the elimination of violence against women: lessons from oral history of the Law 4320 in Turkey Abstract: Preventing violence against women (VAW) is a prerequisite for sustainable development in the international arena and many actors around the world have tried to eliminate it. This study aims to elucidate the strategies that were successful and the circumstances in place when Law 4320 was adopted in Turkey, a law designed to prevent VAW, with the aim of providing broader lessons for developing successful policy-making strategies elsewhere. The 1980s were arguably a watershed moment in Turkey, when a few eminent women, who were at the forefront of the struggle, and came from diverse ideological backgrounds and different bodies, united for the purpose of combatting VAW. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten leading feminists who worked together and used creative and adaptive strategies to achieve progressive goals. The case study shows that the building of communication networks among feminists, and the lobbying of political bodies, were significant milestones in the history of policy making. However, the most difficult stages of the policy process were the implementation and evaluation stages. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 860-876 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1977263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1977263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:4:p:860-876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1880560_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sylvia Gonzalez-Gorman Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Gorman Title: Underlying push and pull factors in undocumented immigration in the United States Abstract: There is continued empirical and theoretical debate about the push and pull factors of immigration and the effects that legislation has. This study contributes towards this debate by identifying the drivers within the United States between 2005 and 2010. This study also puts forth a new more refined definition of restrictive immigration legislation and examines its impact on immigration. Hypotheses are developed to test for the effects of different policies, which are tested using a cross-sectional time series model with fixed effects and Driscoll-Kraay. The results show that undocumented populations were not broadly deterred by state immigration policies, but an E-Verify scheme, which limits access to employment and is punitive against employers was successful in deterring immigration. These findings have important consequences because to date, state immigration policies seem to function as symbolic overtures with very little or no actual policy output. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 920-942 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1880560 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1880560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:920-942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1882670_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Viktor Varjú Author-X-Name-First: Viktor Author-X-Name-Last: Varjú Title: The policy transfer of environmental policy integration: path dependency, route flexibility, or the Hungarian way? Abstract: The idea of Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) and the policy tool Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) have come to the fore in European policy making over the past two decades. This article examines the introduction and implementation of SEA at national and sub-national levels in Hungary. It evaluates the factors affecting the process of international lesson-drawing in environmental policy based on empirical evidence. The article concludes that, just like in other policy fields, the process of lesson-drawing has been shaped and constrained by domestic governance structures and key endogenous factors embedded in socio-cultural settings. Structure and factors are featured by transience and path dependency at the same time. Hierarchical governance has the most significant influence on the process excluding voluntary forms of policy transfer hence resulting in the application of a stapled EPI, formal, instead of substantive transfer. Environmental policy transfer at the local level is problematic due to the low capacity and the lack of the financial means and human resources. It suggests that the EU principles of subsidiarity have been undermined. The article therefore makes an important contribution to understanding the key obstacles of (environmental) policy transfer. Additionally, reforming the theory of policy integration the author argues that beside the transactive, substantive and procedural aspects (the level of) path dependency should be taken into consideration to a better grasp of the effectiveness of policy transfer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 943-961 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1882670 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1882670 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:943-961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1892620_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Peter Eckersley Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Eckersley Author-Name: Katarzyna Lakoma Author-X-Name-First: Katarzyna Author-X-Name-Last: Lakoma Title: Straddling multiple streams: focusing events, policy entrepreneurs and problem brokers in the governance of English fire and rescue services Abstract: Empirical studies that use the multiple streams approach often examine cases of reactive policymaking in response to “focusing events”, rather than proactive policymakers who seek to broker or construct problems that their preferred solution might address. Drawing on publicly-available debates about reforms to fire and rescue services in seven areas of England, we show how individuals within small policy subsystems may construct problems to try and convince others to support their preferred policy solution. By straddling all three streams and acting as endogenous policy entrepreneurs, policymakers and problem brokers simultaneously, we highlight how these actors can exert substantial influence over policymaking processes – although consensus within the political stream about the existence of a genuine problem is still a key factor in facilitating change. These insights allow us to introduce a more obvious power dimension and greater predictive capacity into the multiple streams approach. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1001-1020 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1892620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1892620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1001-1020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1929916_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: José Manuel Robles Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Robles Author-Name: Cristobal Torres-Albero Author-X-Name-First: Cristobal Author-X-Name-Last: Torres-Albero Author-Name: Guillermo Villarino Author-X-Name-First: Guillermo Author-X-Name-Last: Villarino Title: Inequalities in digital welfare take-up: lessons from e-government in Spain Abstract: E-government offers opportunities for improving the interactions between citizens, governmental and public institutions, private sector organizations, and public employees. Despite this, the take-up of e-government services has been vastly uneven in many societies with considerable digital divides existing. This study identifies the determinants of use of e-government in Spain through an analysis of the Survey on Equipment and Use of information and Communication Technologies in Households. A Path Analysis Model was used to identity the variables that explain why almost half of the Spanish population does not make use of E-government and how these variables are related. Two large groups of variables were found to be important: digital skills and trust in the Internet. Digital skills were affected by an individual citizens’ resources, such as their educational level and economic resources, as well as by age and gender. Meanwhile, their trust in the Internet was shaped by other attitudes and beliefs – mainly their concern about being targeted by advertising. These findings have important consequences for the design of policies to address digital inclusion across Europe and elsewhere, which need to focus on building citizen's trust. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1096-1111 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1929916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1929916 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1096-1111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1895980_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jahyun Chun Author-X-Name-First: Jahyun Author-X-Name-Last: Chun Title: Who decides foreign policy? The role of national trauma in shaping the influence of public opinion in South Korea Abstract: The relative importance of public opinion in shaping foreign policy is a central area of research in international relations and public policy. This article aims to show how public opinion has influenced South Korea’s foreign-policy decision-making process and explores unique aspects of the Korean foreign policy. To this end, the article argues that the THAAD deployment and the General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) are examples of foreign policies that were influenced by the traumatic memory of historical events, focusing on four variables: stage of the policy process, strength of the opposition, an imminent sense of threat, and the impact of national trauma. The theoretical framework presented in this study will contribute to a more analytical understanding of the relationship between public opinion and foreign policy in many states. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1021-1035 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1895980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1895980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1021-1035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1994135_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Deniz Koçak Author-X-Name-First: Deniz Author-X-Name-Last: Koçak Author-Name: Mehmet Akif Özer Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Akif Author-X-Name-Last: Özer Title: Comparing the quality of governance across the European Union member countries: a grey relational analysis approach Abstract: The concept of governance indicates a process that is associated with the forming of the rules and regulations by independent actors that can guide the countries to develop in political, social, and economic areas. Therefore, monitoring and ranking of the European Union (EU) member countries’ governance performance have great importance for policy-makers. Six main governance indicators are identified in the Worldwide Governance Indicators report conducted by the World Bank. The governance indicators enable us to answer questions such as which countries are being governed well or which countries are behind at governance. However, few studies examine the countries at the aggregated level of governance indicators. This article intends to fill this gap by providing a new framework (grey relational analysis) for analysing the governance quality of countries. The analysis covers the governance indicators data of the period from 2013 to 2020 of the EU-28 countries. Through this study enabled the evaluation of country performances in an internationally accepted normative framework, the performance changes of countries are explained over the years, and it is possible to analyse the progress made by the countries in detail at the point of good governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1135-1155 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1994135 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1994135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1135-1155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2000595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alina Maria Pavelea Author-X-Name-First: Alina Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Pavelea Author-Name: Bogdana Neamțu Author-X-Name-First: Bogdana Author-X-Name-Last: Neamțu Author-Name: Alexandru Pavel Author-X-Name-First: Alexandru Author-X-Name-Last: Pavel Title: Do social media reduce compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures? Abstract: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities had to take measures to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Since then, various vaccines have been developed. However, countries have not been equally successful in promoting these vaccines. Thus, preventive measures are still necessary in order to contain the COVID-19 virus. Nevertheless, compliance with preventive measures might be affected by the surge of disinformation on social media. Although various studies have examined the factors that predict this compliance, few studies have focused on Eastern European countries or have examined the role played by the types of sources used in gathering information about the pandemic. Thus, the present study investigated the effect the sources of information people use to have on compliance with preventive measures, while controlling for a large number of variables. The research focused on the Cluj metropolitan area, Romania, through a representative survey. The results show that reliance on social media has a negative effect on compliance, while reliance on specialized journals/websites has a positive effect, irrespective of the other factors controlled for. The results also highlight that in order to increase compliance authorities should communicate clearly and with empathy the risk the COVID-19 virus poses to society. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1156-1171 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2000595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2000595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1156-1171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1895981_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pauliina Lehtonen Author-X-Name-First: Pauliina Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtonen Title: Policy on the move: the enabling settings of participation in participatory budgeting Abstract: This article explores how participatory budgeting (PB), which is described as a travelling policy innovation, has been interpreted in different urban governance contexts, particularly how local settings that are created by contexts and practices enable participation in PB. Travelling policy innovations are sets of ideas or experiments that aim at renewing governance practices and are adopted globally. PB engages citizens to discuss, prioritize and decide about the use of public funds. With empirical data from the cities of Tampere, Łódź, and the Greater Manchester area the article demonstrates that settings of participation in PB are conditioned by (1) socio-political context, (2) objectives setting, (3) resourcing, (4) decision-making and (5) relationship-building. Based on an interpretive view on policy studies, it is argued that these settings enable participation in PB in three ways. Firstly, they influence the continuity of PB; secondly, they suggest particular roles for participants; and thirdly, they formulate the level of interaction. This is demonstrated with three operationalisations of PB, such as pop-up PB, traditional PB and do-it-yourself PB. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1036-1054 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1895981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1895981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1036-1054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1879036_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Colette Einfeld Author-X-Name-First: Colette Author-X-Name-Last: Einfeld Author-Name: Emma Blomkamp Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Blomkamp Title: Nudge and co-design: complementary or contradictory approaches to policy innovation? Abstract: Nudge and co-design are gaining popularity as innovative approaches to solving similar policy problems. Nudge is an approach to public policy that changes the context in which decisions are presented to citizens in order to encourage a particular choice. Co-design uses creative and participatory methods to engage citizens, stakeholders and officials in an iterative process to respond to shared problems. Both nudge and co-design supposedly achieve more effective outcomes, address big societal problems, and, in contrast to traditional policy approaches, consider humans’ actual behaviour in a real-world context. In practice, we see them emerging and even merging together, despite significant tensions and contradictions between them. We critically examine the use of the approaches as policy instruments and consider the instrument constituencies that support them. By comparing and contrasting the two concepts in scholarship for the first time, the article highlights the assumptions underpinning the use of both nudge and co-design, arguing that each approach has its own underlying philosophy and claims on knowledge and authority. We reflect on the implications for policy effectiveness, political trust, and subsequently on government legitimacy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 901-919 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1879036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1879036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:901-919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1937595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Pedro López-Rubio Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: López-Rubio Author-Name: Norat Roig-Tierno Author-X-Name-First: Norat Author-X-Name-Last: Roig-Tierno Author-Name: Alicia Mas-Tur Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Author-X-Name-Last: Mas-Tur Title: Which regions produce the most innovation policy research? Abstract: This article uses the data indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases up to and including the year 2020 to map leading regions and trending topics in academic innovation policy research. The country analysis highlights four leading regions in this research field: Western Europe (led by the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain), North America (led by the USA), Scandinavia (led by Sweden and Denmark), and Asia-Pacific (led by China and Australia). The most common keywords are used to develop a conceptual framework. Applying the Tree of Science approach, we classify the most influential studies into three categories: foundational studies (the roots), structural studies (the trunk), and recent studies (the leaves). This approach shows that trending topics are built around five main pillars: innovation systems, policy tools, knowledge management, sustainability, and entrepreneurship. Finally, based on analysis of the most common keywords and the most influential studies, we propose a Sextuple Helix model. This model consists of the Quintuple Helix (government, university, industry, knowledge society, and sustainability) with the added dimension of entrepreneurship. This model offers an analytical framework with massive potential for academic research on innovation policy in the current economic context. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1112-1134 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1937595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1937595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1112-1134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1892052_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Madeleine Pill Author-X-Name-First: Madeleine Author-X-Name-Last: Pill Title: Neighbourhood collaboration in co-production: state-resourced responsiveness or state-retrenched responsibilisation? Abstract: The co-production of public services involving service users and their communities is a form of collaboration of increasing appeal to governments around the world. Its increasing popularity has resulted in critical debates about its collaborative nature, in particular whether co-production assists the state to withdraw from service provision through prompting self-reliance. The research focuses on how the local state engages in co-production with neighbourhood-based communities of place under austerity, drawing from analysis of the discourses and practices of collaboration in the city of Cardiff, Wales. Problematizing how the term is understood and enacted by different actors sheds light on the power relations entailed and the scope for these to be challenged with the development of new ways of working. The research reveals radical potentialities in the case of timebanking, a form of co-production founded in reciprocal exchange. But findings underline that co-production entails a redistribution of responsibility and risk in managing and delivering services from the state to civil society, and from the local to the neighbourhood, revalorized as a site for community self-provisioning of formerly public services. The imperative that governments and communities pursuing co-production develop shared understandings of its precise nature, use and consequences is made clear. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 984-1000 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1892052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1892052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:984-1000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1922661_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Georg Wenzelburger Author-X-Name-First: Georg Author-X-Name-Last: Wenzelburger Author-Name: Kathrin Hartmann Author-X-Name-First: Kathrin Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann Title: Policy formation, termination and the multiple streams framework: the case of introducing and abolishing automated university admission in France Abstract: The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) has developed into one of the major theoretical lenses to explain policy change. However, it has been mostly used to explain policy formation whereas studies on policy termination remain scarce. This article addresses this gap. It combines the MSF and the literature on policy termination to study both the formation and the termination of one and the same policy. We explain why an algorithm-based university admission system in France, Admission Post Bac (APB), was introduced in 2008 before being abolished ten years later. While we find that the problem stream and the political stream were ripe and facilitated policy change in both cases, a policy entrepreneur coupling a policy solution with the open window could only be found for the introduction of APB. Instead, the termination was mainly characterized by enormous problem pressure. Our results contribute to theoretical refinement of the MSF and to empirical studies on political dynamics in the understudied field of algorithmic governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1075-1095 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1922661 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1922661 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1075-1095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1885640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Glenn C. Savage Author-X-Name-First: Glenn C. Author-X-Name-Last: Savage Author-Name: Elisa Di Gregorio Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Di Gregorio Author-Name: Bob Lingard Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Lingard Title: Practices of scalecraft and the reassembling of political boundaries: the contested nature of national schooling reform in the Australian federation Abstract: This article contributes new insights to research on the socio-spatial dynamics of policy production by synthesizing the concepts of “policy assemblage” and “scalecraft”. By conceptualizing scale as socially-crafted rather than pre-existing (a priori), we argue that assemblage and scalecraft provide generative means for examining how scale is imagined and assembled, and the boundary dynamics associated with these processes. To make this argument, we focus empirically on changes to the governance of schooling policy in the Australian federation over the past two decades. We argue that despite being a federation in which subnational (state and territory) governments maintain responsibility for schools, a new national policy assemblage has emerged that rests upon and produces new forms of boundary imagining, crossing and blurring. This is generating tensions and issues for policy actors, central to which is contestation about federal involvement in national reform. Drawing upon insights from semi-structured interviews with senior policy actors, we argue that new ways of imagining and seeking to govern schooling, at the national scale, grate uncomfortably against the realpolitik of Australian federalism, the principles underpinning the design of federal systems, and forms of scalar thinking that shape how policy actors perceive the “ideal” division of roles and responsibilities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 962-983 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1885640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1885640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:962-983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1908534_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Oldrich Bubak Author-X-Name-First: Oldrich Author-X-Name-Last: Bubak Title: The structure-in-evolution approach: a unified view of evolutionary change in policy systems Abstract: Scholars across the social sciences, including in the studies of institutions and policy, have found useful various elements of evolutionary and complexity research. Though sharing the same worldview, these streams of research emphasize different aspects of change and lack a shared set of assumptions and tools. As a result, they remain largely disconnected. Inspired by innovation research and its novel theory of change in technological systems, this article aims to bridge these gaps and advance a unified view of policy change called the structure-in-evolution approach. The structure-in-evolution analysis accounts for both the dynamics and the structure of change by positing that policy systems, like other technological systems, evolve according to distinct patterns and exhibit complex and adaptive properties of such systems. This approach, the article argues, thus promises not only to integrate our understanding of evolutionary change but also a major leap forward in our ability to study and develop public policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1055-1074 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1908534 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1908534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:1055-1074 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1948984_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Seong C. Kang Author-X-Name-First: Seong C. Author-X-Name-Last: Kang Title: The politics of regulatory design: evidence from state-level energy regulations in the United States Abstract: Many governments face the predicament of how best to allocate resources between economic development and environmental protection. This article explores the relationships between political influence, regulatory stringency, and economic growth. Drawing from data measuring the stringency of state energy regulations in the United States, the analysis finds that political ideology and the organizational form of state environmental agencies are significantly associated with the degree of regulatory stringency. Also, more stringent regulations and a super agency or a combined environmental agency structure predict an increase in economic growth, while a more Traditionalist political culture predicts a decrease in economic growth. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of political factors in the design of governmental regulations. Moreover, the findings suggest that greater regulatory stringency may not be necessarily detrimental to economic development and that properly designed regulations may promote economic growth in the long run. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1322-1339 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1948984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1948984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1322-1339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2057461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: James D. Boys Author-X-Name-First: James D. Author-X-Name-Last: Boys Title: Strategic ambiguity: the U.S. grand strategy initiative in Afghanistan Abstract: A cacophony of protest greeted President Biden’s withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan following a 20-year deployment, implemented and overseen by four different administrations, both Republican and Democrat. For all the criticism of the final withdrawal’s implementation, however, strategic ambivalence was always present in U.S. operations in Afghanistan. The bi-partisan decisions that defined the Afghan mission can best be seen in the National Security Strategy documents produced by successive administrations as they sought to address the evolving situation on the ground and the perceived level of threat to the United States. The utilization of discourse analysis to examine these official policy documents allows for an understanding of the comparable attention that was paid to Afghanistan by successive administrations, as well as for an appreciation of the tone and language used regarding the nation. Doing so reveals that despite the duration of the mission and the associated costs, a deep-seated strategic ambiguity existed towards Afghanistan, as it languished as a sideshow for U.S. grand strategy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1216-1234 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2057461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2057461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1216-1234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1967309_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lucas Grainger-Brown Author-X-Name-First: Lucas Author-X-Name-Last: Grainger-Brown Title: Anti-populism in action: a case study of the Remain argument during the EU referendum Abstract: Populism is a relatively popular discourse that poses a challenge to established political parties. However, most populist scholarship focuses on populist actors at the expense of the elites whom they oppose and the context within which populism becomes popular. This article explores the concept of anti-populism, which is to say the discourse used by the establishment to explicitly counter populism. It does so through a qualitative case study of the 2016 EU referendum that resulted in Brexit. Specifically, this article presents a discourse analysis of the argument against Brexit, as voiced by the Britain Stronger In Europe (Remain) campaign organization. Remain appropriated and reversed the three central populist categories of the people, the elite and ongoing crisis, arguing instead that Brexit would inaugurate the real crisis, the elite were the champions and protectors of the people, and the people themselves could not afford to vote against the will of the elite. These findings deepen our understanding of the EU referendum, demonstrate the utility of anti-populism as a concept, and suggest that anti-populism is a generalizable phenomenon that might be deployed by the elite wherever the establishment is undergoing a crisis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1235-1253 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1967309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1967309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1235-1253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1954609_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rui Mu Author-X-Name-First: Rui Author-X-Name-Last: Mu Author-Name: Yan Li Author-X-Name-First: Yan Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Tie Cui Author-X-Name-First: Tie Author-X-Name-Last: Cui Title: Policy narrative, policy understanding and policy support intention: a survey experiment on energy conservation Abstract: Nowadays, policy narratives as a communication strategy are frequently used by governments to persuade target populations and obtain policy support. However, few studies have empirically examined whether and through what mechanisms policy narratives can enhance policy support intention. To fill this gap, this study uses the case of energy conservation policy to conduct a survey experiment among 300 industrial enterprises in Liaoning, China. The findings indicate that policy narratives are effective in strengthening policy support intention; this effectiveness is achieved through a mediating variable of subjective policy understanding. In other words, only when policy narratives make target populations think they understand the policy can they show strong policy support intention. Additionally, we examine how policy narratives should be designed to enhance subjective policy understanding. The study finds that a simple narrative form (i.e. reducing policy details and using images and symbols) and a narrative content with positive incentives (i.e. showing material and reputational incentives) are two measures to enhance subjective policy understanding, which then leads to strong policy support intention. The implications of these findings for the policy narrative theory and policy implementation practice are discussed at the end of the article. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1361-1381 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1954609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1954609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1361-1381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1989395_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Youngsung Kim Author-X-Name-First: Youngsung Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: Pathways to policy failure: evidence from Puerto Rico’s 2011 tax reform Abstract: This study aims to enhance our understanding of the complicated relationship between policy design and policy failure. In doing so, it examines whether Puerto Rico’s 2011 tax reform failed to achieve one of its important policy goals – relieving fiscal stress and preventing bankruptcy – to understand how inappropriate designs of policy elements lead to policy failure. Using the synthetic control method, this study finds that the tax reform failed to relieve fiscal stress because it did not raise sufficient tax revenues while Puerto Rico needed them to give key stakeholders in the policy domain such as its lenders and credit rating agencies an assurance that Puerto Rico had sufficient capacity to repay debt. The findings further suggest that prioritizing policy goals, the timing of implementing a policy, and considering distributional outcomes and key stakeholders in the policy domain are all important when designing a policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1277-1297 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1989395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1989395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1277-1297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1958179_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Iuliia Krivonosova Author-X-Name-First: Iuliia Author-X-Name-Last: Krivonosova Title: The forgotten election administrator of internet voting: lessons from Estonia Abstract: The introduction of new voting channels, voting technologies and other voting innovations are often thought to improve voter participation in elections and democracy. However, it frequently happens at the expense of administrators, who needs to deliver even more complex elections. This article traces how the introduction of a new voting channel, Internet voting, affects frontline administrators through a qualitative in-depth case study of the 2017 local elections in Estonia. Findings show that the local election administration plays a substantial role in delivering Internet voting, despite the centralized election hierarchy. The case shows little evidence to support the expectation that Internet voting decreases the administrative burden of local election officials. The article outlines the vulnerabilities in Internet voting administration, resulting from the complexity of delivering multi-channel elections, particularly the ones integrating Internet- and paper-based voting channels. The article makes important recommendations for improving the implementation of electronic voting and improving the quality of elections. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1254-1276 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1958179 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1958179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1254-1276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1946027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Inga Rademacher Author-X-Name-First: Inga Author-X-Name-Last: Rademacher Title: Winning the votes for institutional change: how discursive acts of compromise shaped radical income tax reforms in the United States Abstract: Since the 1980s, many governments in the Western world have implemented radical income tax cuts which have become associated with soaring levels of inequality. The literature has focused on institutional accounts to explain these developments. However, institutions alone cannot account for the emergence of societal and political support necessary for radical change of this kind. Therefore, this paper explores the role of communication techniques directed at voters, interest groups and legislators to enable radical reform. Based on a content analysis of Congressional debates for the Reagan and Bush tax cuts, contextualised with archival documents from Presidential Libraries, this study shows the critical relevance of strategic acts of compromise to shore up legislative and voter support for radical tax cuts. It finds (a) that change actors have several different acts of strategic compromise (incorporation, compensation, and reconciliation) at their disposal which they use at different points in the legislative process. That (b) the most successful strategies consistently link the coordinative discourse (bargaining with interest groups behind closed doors) and communicative discourse (directed at the public and the minority congressional party). And that (c) change actors learn how to the use successful combinations of compromise over time and thereby enhance reform stability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1173-1194 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1946027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1946027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1173-1194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2012141_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anthea McCarthy-Jones Author-X-Name-First: Anthea Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy-Jones Author-Name: Mark Turner Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: What is a “Mafia State” and how is one created? Abstract: How do corrupt practices evolve into the almost complete criminalization of the state, and what are the conditions necessary for a mafia state to emerge? In this article, we trace Venezuela’s political trajectory under President Hugo Chávez and its causal connection to the consolidation of a mafia state under President Nicolás Maduro by identifying critical junctures that occurred under the administrations of Presidents Chávez and Maduro. These critical junctures first laid the foundations for the mafia state, albeit unintentionally, and then allowed and encouraged the criminalization of the state. The incremental abolition of governance institutions started by Chávez and continued by Maduro in the context of dramatic decline in oil production created an ideal environment in which criminal activities could thrive. By the end of this process, Venezuela had evolved into a complex kleptocracy in which no rule of law or institutions were capable of or willing to oppose the executive and its loyal military and irregular force allies. Thus, a mafia state is born. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1195-1215 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2012141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2012141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1195-1215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1982887_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Francisco Bastida Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Bastida Author-Name: Lorenzo Estrada Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo Author-X-Name-Last: Estrada Author-Name: María-Dolores Guillamón Author-X-Name-First: María-Dolores Author-X-Name-Last: Guillamón Title: Flypaper effect and partisanship theories best explain municipal financial performance in Latin America Abstract: There is an ongoing debate about the determinants of municipal financial performance around the world, including Central America. This article fills a research gap using data from the 298 Honduran municipalities for 2002–2015. Partisanship theories are found to be the strongest explanatory factor, for leftist governments show greater total municipal spending. Political alignment also has a weak, positive impact on investment spending. The electoral legislation is working properly in Honduran municipalities, since the data reject an opportunistic political budget cycle. Furthermore, Honduran municipalities show diseconomies of scale, for higher population density means greater per capita expenditures. The economic level impacts positively on expenditure per capita, which confirms Wagner's Law. Regarding transfers, we find a strong flypaper effect. As a point for practitioners, the granting government should monitor that this extra spending is the one intended with the transfers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1298-1321 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1982887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1982887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1298-1321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1941837_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Oldrich Bubak Author-X-Name-First: Oldrich Author-X-Name-Last: Bubak Title: Advancing the structure-in-evolution approach: the case of social policy development in Denmark Abstract: The structure-in-evolution approach has been proposed as a unified model of change in policy and institutional systems but heretofore has not been applied empirically. This article provides a first such application through an empirical case study of social policy development in Denmark, a country often referenced as its model environment. The case is constructed around a historical account of the country’s employment and social policies and institutions, and a systematic analysis of sequences and regularities in their evolution. Evolutionary patterns representing the structure and dynamics of change were identified both in the broader context of welfare policy development and at lower levels of abstraction, adding further support to this unified analysis and providing a valuable alternative to the conventional understandings of change in policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1340-1360 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1941837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1941837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1340-1360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2139343_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1382-1382 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2139343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2139343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:43:y:2022:i:6:p:1382-1382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2019211_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nikolaos Zahariadis Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaos Author-X-Name-Last: Zahariadis Author-Name: Evangelia Petridou Author-X-Name-First: Evangelia Author-X-Name-Last: Petridou Author-Name: Theofanis Exadaktylos Author-X-Name-First: Theofanis Author-X-Name-Last: Exadaktylos Author-Name: Jörgen Sparf Author-X-Name-First: Jörgen Author-X-Name-Last: Sparf Title: Policy styles and political trust in Europe’s national responses to the COVID-19 crisis Abstract: Why do countries respond differently when they face the same pandemic? In this article, we comparatively investigate the effects of policy styles in shaping responses to the COVID-19 crisis in two European countries: Greece and Sweden. Extending the concept of policy styles to extraordinary policymaking, we argue that political trust and policy styles result in national responses that range from centralization to decentralization. The combination of policy styles and political trust inevitably raises questions about the role of experts in shaping responses to pandemics. We conclude with implications for theories of national policy styles, political trust and crisis management. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 46-67 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2019211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2019211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:46-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2053093_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Saahir Shafi Author-X-Name-First: Saahir Author-X-Name-Last: Shafi Author-Name: Daniel J. Mallinson Author-X-Name-First: Daniel J. Author-X-Name-Last: Mallinson Title: Disproportionate policy dynamics in crisis and uncertainty: an international comparative analysis of policy responses to COVID-19 Abstract: Differences in policy responses have enabled some nations to successfully mitigate COVID-19 cases and deaths while others continue to struggle. In their efforts to contain the virus, nations have pursued disparate policy responses with policy stringency ranging from policy over-reactions to under-reactions. As nations look towards recovery, a retroactive evaluation of the relationship between policy responses and outcomes can provide much-needed insight on disparities in pandemic-related outcomes. Using time series data for 2020, we employ pooled panel linear regression to analyze the relationship between policy choices and COVID-19 outcomes. This study uses stringency measures of government policy responses across three dimensions—containment, economic, and health policies—to assess the impact of these policies on COVID-19 cases and deaths. Our results indicate that increased income support and debt relief policies are associated with a reduction in the rate of COVID-19 deaths that lasts up to four weeks, while broad policy interventions are associated with a short-term reduction in the rate of deaths. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 90-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2053093 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2053093 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:90-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1980521_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Christopher Walker Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Regulatory transfer in transitioning economies: responses to corruption and weak state institutions Abstract: This article examines regulatory policy transfer into a transitioning economy and explores the impact of corruption and weak state institutions on the resulting regulatory design and implementation. The study looks at an accreditation programme aimed at lifting the safety performance, compliance and business efficiency of truck operators in South Africa. In this case study a heavily state directed programme operating in Australia undergoes significant modification and redesign to achieve similar regulatory effect in the South African context. The case highlights how in transitioning settings the requirement to deal with local cultural and contextual issues such as corruption and weak state institutions, results in innovative regulatory design and delivery frameworks. While highlighting adaptation progressed through transfer, this study points to the important role industry can play independent of government in delivering the regulatory effect. The findings demonstrate the value transfer studies can bring to the analysis and understanding of policy and regulatory practice. This is a qualitative study drawing on interviews and participant observation with industry and government officials involved in the South African trucking industry. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 26-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1980521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1980521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:26-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2130884_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Katerina Sideri Author-X-Name-First: Katerina Author-X-Name-Last: Sideri Author-Name: Barbara Prainsack Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Prainsack Title: COVID-19 contact tracing apps and the governance of collective action: social nudges, deliberation, and solidarity in Europe and beyond Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) tools were deployed by governments in Europe and beyond as a novel mobile technology to assist traditional manual contact tracing to track individuals who have come in close contact with an infected person. The public debate on this topic focused strongly on the protection of individual privacy. While this debate is important, it fails to address important governance questions – such as, for example, that DCT tools took on the role of social nudges, namely, tools of soft regulation that calibrate information flows so as to “push” people to act in ways that promote collective purposes. Social nudges include a range of norms and values that, however, are built into the technological and social features of the nudge, rather than rendering them open to public scrutiny and debate. Although the use of contact tracing apps is being phased out, the digitization of contact tracing can be seen as a case study of the broader trend towards digitization of the provision of health services. Debates of their governance thus have broader implications for the governance of data driven tools deployed for public health purposes in times of crisis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 132-153 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2130884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2130884 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:132-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2153431_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Policy transfer during the COVID era Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2153431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2153431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_1987407_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Anna Hulicka Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Hulicka Author-Name: Patrick Lucas Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas Author-Name: Lisa Carson Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Carson Title: Policy transfer across governance systems: an adapted approach Abstract: This paper identifies the impact governance types can have on the transfer of city-scale climate change policy. We develop a new adaptation of the policy transfer heuristic (based on the work of Dolowitz and Marsh 1996) which draws attention to different types of multilevel governance systems (Hooghe et al. 2003). This new adaption, “Policy Transfer Across Governance Systems” (PTAGS) heuristic helps to anticipate challenges and opportunities for potential transfer (Manwaring 2016). To demonstrate this, we present three hypothetical scenarios of policy transfer from the European Union Green Capital Awards (EUGCA) to Australia. Using PTAGS reveals three main complexities that policy actors’ may face when developing city-scale climate change policy. These are: problem identification; the type of transfer networks used; and what aspects of policy contents and goals can be transferred. We argue that the adapted PTAGS heuristic enables a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of transfer across different governance systems. This can better equip policy actors and relevant stakeholders to develop more holistic city-scale climate change adaptation policy that draws on the strengths of governance systems rather than amplifying their weaknesses. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 4-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.1987407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.1987407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:4-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2044021_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alketa Peci Author-X-Name-First: Alketa Author-X-Name-Last: Peci Author-Name: Camilo Ignacio González Author-X-Name-First: Camilo Ignacio Author-X-Name-Last: González Author-Name: Mauricio I. Dussauge-Laguna Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio I. Author-X-Name-Last: Dussauge-Laguna Title: Presidential policy narratives and the (mis)use of scientific expertise: Covid-19 policy responses in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico Abstract: Political leaders rely on narratives to make sense of crises, but the extent to which such narratives are used to (de)mobilize scientific evidence in policy responses has not been fully explored. Based on the analysis of public messages and communications of the presidents of Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, we discuss how they have narratively approached the Covid-19 crisis, particularly with respect to the degree of their reliance on scientific expertise. Building on debates on policy narratives, crisis management, and evidence-based policymaking, we argue that the narratives presidents devised had significant (and mostly negative) effects on the design of policy responses. Their narratives sidelined (Bolsonaro), leveraged (Duque), or limited (López-Obrador) the role of scientific expertise in policy responses. Thus, in contrast to previous literature, these narratives aligned more with the president’s agendas and personal biases, than with the need to explain the crisis for their societies or to design appropriate policies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 68-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2044021 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2044021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:68-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2103527_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Marco Giuliani Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Giuliani Title: COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures Abstract: Scholars have started to estimate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the health impact of COVID-19. However, the empirical evidence is highly contested, and since it is not known exactly what would have happened without those measures, political élites are left free to give credit to the voices that they prefer the most. We argue that any sensible assessment of the effectiveness of anti-COVID policies requires methodological reflection on what is actually comparable, and how to approximate the ideal “method of difference” theorized by John Stuart Mill. By evaluating the effectiveness of school closures as an anti-COVID policy, we provide two examples in which appropriate counterfactuals are inductively discovered rather than selected a priori. In the first one, we use Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) in a cross-country setting, while in the second one, we implement the Synthetic Control Method in a within-country analysis. The article highlights the methodological advantages of including these techniques in the toolbox of policy scholars, while both examples confirm the effectiveness of school closures. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 112-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2103527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2103527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:1:p:112-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032019_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Mason Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Title: Evaluating Participative Capacity-building in Environmental Policy: Provincial Fish Protection and Parks Management in British Columbia, Canada Abstract: For provincial fish protection and parks policy in British Columbia, the provincial government has recently experimented with the devolution of environmental management design through a range of participatory instruments. This paper examines this 'participative capacity-building' according to key criteria adopted by the provincial environmental bureaucracy. The corporate rationale for the use of participatory policy instruments is outlined, uncovering the shared causal assumptions of public agency officials about the linkages of these tools to general goals of procedural fairness and ecological competence. While the formative stage of the two environmental decision areas precludes any evaluation related to substantive policy outcomes, comparative findings on the appropriateness of the capacity-building are offered on the basis of internal staff appraisals and the views of key stakeholders. For parks management, the 1997-99 Park Legacy consultation process successfully adopted a variety of community-based participatory tools to discover shared values and interests on management issues. The process is widely acknowledged as having been inclusive, and its policy recommendations have reaffirmed the ecological role of provincial parks as well as endorsing the institutionalization of stakeholder participation in parks management. In the case of provincial fish protection, bureaucratic and political power-trading led to fragmented and skewed participative capacity-building. Negotiations on the critical regulatory area of streamside protection exposed key jurisdictional tensions between the federal, provincial and municipal governments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 77-98 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:2:p:77-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032020_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pei Likun Author-X-Name-First: Pei Author-X-Name-Last: Likun Author-Name: David Legge Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Legge Author-Name: Pauline Stanton Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: Stanton Title: Policy Contradictions Limiting Hospital Performance in China Abstract: In this paper we explore some of the ways in which the current health policy environment in China enables and constrains performance improvement in the teaching hospital sector. We commenced this research with concerns about the quality and efficiency of hospital services. We aimed to estimate the degree to which these problems are due to weaknesses in management training and/or to wider system factors. We collected data from managers in three teaching hospitals in south-western China. Our results demonstrate some shortfalls in organisational performance in the three hospitals, some of which are partly due to lack of management expertise. However, there are also contradictions and perverse incentives in the wider policy environment that would prevent even the best-trained managers from achieving high levels of quality and efficiency. In this paper we explore some of the key policy constraints limiting the development of hospital performance in China and the implications of these for policy-makers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 99-113 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:2:p:99-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032021_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alan Lowe Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Lowe Author-Name: Juliet Roper Author-X-Name-First: Juliet Author-X-Name-Last: Roper Title: Share-market Regulation in New Zealand: The Problematisation of Takeovers Legislation Abstract: This paper discusses the central features of the process of policy change over the period of the 1980s and early 1990s in New Zealand. The discussion describes the underlying influences which have been identified as motivating the policy adjustments. The New Zealand Treasury came to occupy a pivotal role in policy formulation in the 1980s. The paper argues that the TreasuRy was very successful because of its ability, in part, to build and maintain a network of alliances with business and other interest groups such as the New Zealand Business Roundtable. The events that surrounded proposals for a Takeovers Code in New Zealand, to complement Companies Act legislation, form the basis of a detailed case illustration. The events are theorised following Callon (1986) [in J. Law (Ed.) Power, Action and Belief. London: R.K.P.] and Latour (1987, 1993) [Science in Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press]. This involves applying a framework of interpretation based on the concepts of Latour's sociology of translation. Drawing from Latour helps to provide a frame of reference to allow an assimilation of disparate changes and influences as they have come to effect policy formulation in New Zealand. The themes of the case are related to the concepts of the resurrection of neo-classical economics policies, the related ideas of free-market solutions and methods as part of the process through which areas of knowledge and, in this case particularly, public policy become problematised (Latour, 1987). Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:2:p:115-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032022_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ed Randall Author-X-Name-First: Ed Author-X-Name-Last: Randall Title: European Union Health Policy With and Without Design: Serendipity, Tragedy and the Future of EU Health Policy Abstract: The article advances four propositions about the evolution of European Union health policy. The propositions reflect the chronological and political development of EU health policies and lead on to a discussion of the future of the EU's role in health and health-related matters. The discussion addresses questions about the effectiveness, appropriateness and legitimacy of EU health actions. These are all matters about which the European Commission has voiced its concern and about which it has invited representations and opinions now that it is engaged in recasting EU health policies to meet the challenges of the new millennium. By the end of 2000 the European Commission, Council and the European Parliament will have made a series of decisions and announcements about the future of European health policy. The article comes to the conclusion that the reluctance of EU member states to support the establishment of a European Food and Public Health Authority will turn out to be a critical weakness in Commission plans to reform and strengthen the EU's competence in the field of health policy. The Union must be expected to regularly revisit its institutional arrangements for dealing with public health questions until member states agree to a truly independent EU Health Authority with a substantial and wide-ranging role in risk management as well as risk assessment and risk communication. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 133-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:2:p:133-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032023_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book review Journal: Pages: 165-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:2:p:165-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032024_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Paul Robson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Title: The Small Business Service: Business Support, Use, Fees and Satisfaction Abstract: This paper seeks to assess advice and information support for firms provided by the Small Business Service (SBS) Business Link. It uses a new survey of client use, satisfaction and experience of service fees. The general level of satisfaction with and use of the service is high: 28 per cent of all respondents use the services and 82.6 per cent are satisfied or very satisfied. However, levels of use and satisfaction vary considerably between areas, with 13 Business Link local 'hubs' accounting for 40 per cent of the dissatisfied or very dissatisfied respondents. In addition, there is also strong variation in satisfaction between services, with grants, diagnostic assessment, financial and accounting advice having low ratings. Charging a fee has been claimed by the SBS to improve the client's sense of value of the services received. Fees are currently charged for services in 37.3 per cent of cases. However, there is little positive association of fee charging with satisfaction, whilst for four services charging a fee decreases satisfaction. It is concluded that the SBS has many strengths to build upon, but will need to introduce a step change in performance in some areas and some services, and should reconsider its commitment to using fees as a means of creating a sense of value among its clients. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-190 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:173-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032025_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Goddard-Patel Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goddard-Patel Author-Name: Stephen Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: Examining the Crisis of Further Education: An Analysis of 'Failing' Colleges and Failing Policies Abstract: Since its incorporation in April 1993, Further Education (FE) in England and Wales has undergone a profound transformation in respect of the introduction of a 'quasi-market' economy. One consequence of the resulting changes in the cultural, organizational, and administrative constitution of FE colleges has been the very public 'failure' of numerous institutions and their managements. Drawing on documentation and interviews across the sector, this article analyses these 'failing' colleges. In so doing, the article pays particular attention to the educational policies and associated ideologies which have underpinned the new 'enterprise culture' of post-16 education, and which, we argue, are significantly responsible for the current state of FE. In tracing the patterns of college 'failure' and causal connections with educational policies and other factors, we conclude by considering the implications of our findings for current and planned FE policies and college administrations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 191-212 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:191-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032026_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nick Tilley Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Tilley Author-Name: Gloria Laycock Author-X-Name-First: Gloria Author-X-Name-Last: Laycock Title: Joining up Research, Policy and Practice about Crime Abstract: Evidence-based policy in relation to crime, as in other policy areas, is all the rage. It looks like plain common sense. Yet getting good evidence to policy and policy to good evidence faces an uphill struggle. Ideology is important in any consideration of crime and crime policy, limiting the potential of hard evidence. Common sense ideas about crime are also powerful influences on policy, and they are not easily overturned by research evidence, which may contradict them. Even where there is space for research to impact on policy and practice, it can easily mislead, if treated uncritically and unreflectively. Much research is technically weak. Single studies that appear to be methodologically sound can generate findings that subsequent investigations contradict. Programmes shown by evaluation studies to work in one context may not work in another. It is often not clear what it is about a programme which has worked and hence what needs to be replicated to produce the same effects. Yet, there are examples of studies, and series of studies, yielding valid and useable policy-relevant findings. Examples relating to property marking and to repeat victimization and its prevention are given. Ways in which members of the policy-making and research communities can facilitate the appropriate production and use of evidence in policy-development and practice are suggested. More generally, evidence-based policy calls for a more policy-literate research community, and a more research-literate policy community. Policy-making, however, can and should be informed by more than research evidence alone. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 213-227 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019507 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019507 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:213-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032027_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Doble Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Doble Title: A Regulatory Policy for Self-disconnection: An Examination of the Reasons for and Implications of Pre-payment Meter Stoppages Abstract: There has been considerable concern about the degree of hardship undergone by pre-payment meter (PPM) users who experience gas stoppages due to self-disconnection. In the context of competition in energy supply markets fuel poverty has risen up the political agenda to the extent that the energy regulator Ofgem has been asked by the government to ensure equity in the provision of gas and electricity to disadvantaged customers. It has been proposed that energy suppliers should have a code of practice dealing with services to pre-payment meter customers and that further research should take place into selfdisconnection. This study seeks to establish the scale of the pre-payment meter stoppages, the reasons they take place, the implications of this for users, and to identify those who experience hardship. A survey of 200 gas PPM users was undertaken in Coventry using face to face interviews, in peoples' homes. Most households were on low incomes, 36 per cent having incomes of 5000 or less. In addition, 24 per cent were single parent households and in 60 per cent someone was receiving at least one benefit out of income support, job seekers allowance, family credit, invalidity benefit or disability living allowance. It was found that 33 per cent (66 users) have self-disconnected their gas PPMs at some time in the last year. Examining all supply interruptions, the majority (64 per cent) last less than seven hours and the main reason given for the last disconnection was the user being unaware the credit was low. For stoppages of seven hours or more the three main reasons were that the user was waiting for benefits/wages to be paid, the outlet was closed or the gas ran out overnight. Through the course of discussion it was possible to identify a small group of users who felt that they had a problem with the Quantum meter, were experiencing hardship and wished to pay another way. It was possible to draw some practical conclusions for consideration in formulating policy about how such users could be protected from hardship. Nevertheless, amongst the sample as a whole, self-disconnection does not present a significant problem for the vast majority of gas PPM users and most stoppages could not be described as problematic in terms of their length or consequences. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 229-243 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:229-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032028_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Geyer Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer Title: The State of European Union Social Policy Abstract: Often overlooked in general policy journals, European Union (EU) social policy has gone through a remarkable expansion in the 1980s and 1990s. Some even argued that it was laying the foundation for a European welfare state. Through a brief review of its development and role in European integration theory, this article will argue that, despite its expansion, EU social policy lacks vital financial and political muscle to significantly affect national welfare regimes and create a European welfare state. Moreover, its broad guidelines and flexible implementation may even encourage national social policy diversification rather than harmonization. Following this conclusion, the article will briefly speculate on the future of EU social policy and social policy research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 245-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019525 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:245-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032029_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carrie Yodanis Author-X-Name-First: Carrie Author-X-Name-Last: Yodanis Author-Name: Alberto Godenzi Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Godenzi Author-Name: Elizabeth Stanko Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Stanko Title: The Benefits of Studying Costs: A Review and Agenda for Studies on the Economic Costs of Violence Against Women Abstract: This paper reviews studies on the economic costs of violence against women. By taking an economic, cost/benefit perspective, these studies provide data for evaluating services and a language effective for communicating with influential actors, including state and business leaders. They show policymakers the enormous costs resulting from not assisting victims and allowing violence against women to continue. As a result, an economic perspective has the potential to fuel widespread efforts for ending violence against women, especially in the current trends toward state and corporate cost reduction. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 263-276 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870020019534 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870020019534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:3:p:263-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032030_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael White Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: New Deal for Young People: Towards an Ethical Employment Policy? Abstract: With the current focus on judging policy by its economic efficiency, the ethical basis of employment policy is suffering neglect. The article attempts to redress the balance by analysing the ethical claims of Labour's most important innovation in employment policy, New Deal for Young People. Three criteria for an ethical policy are proposed: that it is rights based; that it prioritizes increased well-being for disadvantaged individuals or groups; and that some cost trade-off is accepted as part of the policy. These criteria distinguish an ethically-based policy from a wholly instrumental efficiency-based policy. Analysis of its elements indicates that New Deal for Young People could be developed as a model for ethically-based employment policy. The implications of further developing such a model in the long term are considered. It is concluded that a crucial task for ethical employment policy will be to develop an institutionalized 'intermediate employment' sector without creating unsupportable economic costs. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 285-299 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:4:p:285-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032031_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jane Ritchie Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Ritchie Title: New Deal for Young People: Participants' Perspectives Abstract: New Deal for Young People (NDYP) plays a central role in current welfare to work strategies. Launched in 12 Pathfinder areas in January 1998, and extended nationally in April 1998, the programme aims to assist young people who have been unemployed for 6 months or more in finding sustainable employment. This article examines some key features of NDYP from the perspectives of participants. It first considers the considerable diversity of young unemployed people who enter the programme and their very differing needs. It then examines the patterns of departure into employment from the programme and explores whether some routes appear more durable than others. Finally, some discussion is devoted to the variety of ways in which 'employability' can be strengthened during NDYP and to the qualities of the programme that most enhance them. The analysis is based on accumulated evidence from a series of qualitative studies carried out as part of the main evaluation programme. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 301-312 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:4:p:301-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032032_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Walker Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Learning If Policy Will Work: The Case of New Deal for Disabled People Abstract: The New Labour government is committed to the piloting and evaluation of its welfare to work policies prior to full national implementation. An example is the Personal Adviser component of its New Deal for Disabled People, which aims to increase levels of paid employment and employability among disabled people of working age. Taking the Personal Adviser pilots as a case study, the article discusses issues that arise when designing policy evaluations to inform national policy decisions and implementation, including randomisation, discrepant timescales, and 'cherry picking'. Whether the new relationship between British politicians and policy evaluators can continue to blossom is debatable. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 313-332 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:4:p:313-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032033_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jane Millar Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Millar Title: Lone Parents and the New Deal Abstract: The New Deal for Lone Parents represents a significant break with past policy approaches. Throughout the post-war period, lone parents in the UK have not been required to seek employment and policy has largely been based on the assumption that lone parents will stay at home to care for their children rather than going out to work to provide for them. Lone parenthood was a marker that indicated legitimate withdrawal from the labour market. Under the Labour government, however, this approach is in the process of being turned around. The New Deal for Lone Parents, introduced in 1997, is a key part of this. This article first places the New Deal for Lone Parents in context by describing how it developed out of previous policy and then discusses the emerging evidence about how lone parents have responded to the opportunity to take part in such a programme. The final section considers how the New Deal for Lone Parents relates to welfare-to-work policies in the UK more generally. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 333-345 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/713691373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/713691373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:21:y:2000:i:4:p:333-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032034_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jan-Paul Brekke Author-X-Name-First: Jan-Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Brekke Title: The Dilemmas of Temporary Protection ‐ the Norwegian Experience Abstract: Temporary protection for refugees was a recurring topic on the European agenda during the 1990s. The instrument was first implemented in most Western European states following the mass outflow from Bosnia Herzegovina during 1992-93. In this article the experiences drawn from the use of temporary protection for Bosnian refugees in Norway are discussed. What were the main challenges that the government faced in the implementation of temporary protection, and what dilemmas emerged? Were these specific to the Bosnian situation and the Norwegian version of temporary protection, or were weaknesses exposed that are inherent in the temporary model itself? The article is based on research done as part of a larger Nordic study, where the development of the temporary instrument and its effects on the refugees was studied from 1995 to 1998. Four central dilemmas that the government encountered under the formulation and implementation of the temporary instrument are identified and discussed. This is followed by an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the temporary reception model. It is focused on a number of processes that start at the time of the refugee's arrival. Together these contributed to making it difficult for the Norwegian government to maintain the premise of return, which was the key element in the temporary policy. It is argued that the model carries possibilities for political costs. The potential use of coercion, which is a key component of the model, is prone to spark controversy. In Norway, the fading support for this restrictive side of the model led to permanent statutes for the refugees. Time is put forward as the main challenge for governments that implement the temporary regime. In the concluding remarks, several general characteristics of the temporary model are highlighted. It has a generous side - it allows for larger groups to be received - as well as a restrictive side. Since the soft side appears first in time, the temporary policy has a seductive character. The instrument is also characterized by being time fragile. As time passes it becomes increasingly difficult for the authorities to uphold the premise of return. If the support for the policy fades during the temporary period, one risks premature termination. The cost of the model - the refugee's uncertain situation - will then fail to serve a higher purpose. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120047695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120047695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:1:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032035_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Huggins Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Huggins Title: The Skills Economy and its Development: Examples and Lessons from a Rural Region Abstract: This paper is a study of the skills economy of the rural region of Mid Wales, and the subsequent policy responses that could be activated to stimulate job creation and upgrading through skills development and training. A skills economy approach incorporates the means by which the expectations of employers, employees and those outside the workforce influence the existing and potential skills base of a region. Such an approach differs from traditional labour market studies, being focused more on longterm aspects and based on skill deficiencies and gaps, rather than merely shortages. The paper addresses the underlying culture of learning and attitudes towards training, from the perspective of the training supply and the demand expressed by employers, employees, the unemployed and the inactive. It highlights that the socio-economic climate of a rural economy dominated by transport difficulties, depopulation and agricultural crises needs to be addressed by the training provision made available. However, the unwillingness or inability to invest in learning and training is shown to be highly apparent from both the employer and employee perspective. It is shown that the development of new awareness and skill raising activities, to encourage both businesses and individuals to capitalize upon their latent skills capacity, are crucial to enhancing the Mid Wales skills economy. These activities should be developed at a number of differing levels, ranging from the direct promotion of increased productivity, to facilitating excluded individuals in the development of basic employability and 'job-getting' skills. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 19-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120047703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120047703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:1:p:19-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032036_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Law Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Law Author-Name: Malcolm Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Positive Action, Particularism, and Practice Abstract: This article provides an analysis of conceptual and operational issues surrounding 'race'related positive action strategies in Britain and connects these with broader concerns about difference and universality. Two case studies - of developments in housing and in media representation - are examined to asses the extent, nature and impact of positive action strategies. Here limited success of 'old-style' positive action is shown in relation to programme goals. Our evaluation is exploratory and there is a need to develop further research and an effective evaluation methodology. The paper then looks beyond the immediate successes and limitations of positive action strategies, to consider the implications of increasing recognition of differentiation, and increasingly particularistic claims, in a context of ethnic and experiential diversity. Positive action strategies are by no means unproblematic in a climate where there are pressures to respond to differences of culture, gender, age, ethnicity, impairment or sexual orientation. Universalistic programmes and standards retain considerable merit in such a context, and the 'fit' between these and positive action strategies may be crucial. In addition, attention to organizational goals and needs, organizational change and the 'compelling interest' to actively respond to continuing patterns of discrimination are highlighted as key issues for the practice agenda. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120047712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120047712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:1:p:35-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032037_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Max Munday Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Munday Author-Name: David Pickernell Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Pickernell Author-Name: Annette Roberts Author-X-Name-First: Annette Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts Title: Regional Policy Effectiveness and Local Governance Issues: Some Welsh Perspectives Abstract: This paper examines regional policy evaluation with special reference to Wales, in particular the importance of measuring regional policy and grant aid efficiency in the context of complex governance issues. Various measures of policy efficiency and data requirements are analysed. Conclusions, placed in the context of economic development needs in Wales, assess a future research agenda for measuring the effectiveness of regional policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 51-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120047721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120047721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:1:p:51-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032038_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Glover Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Glover Title: Targeting Women: Policy Issues Relating to Women's Representation in Professional Scientific Employment Abstract: Successive UK governments have a long history of making statements on the 'women and science' issue. If their aim of increasing the number of women in science is to be realized, both overall and at different occupational and educational levels, there needs to be an understanding that the issue needs to be disaggregated into different phases. Women's representation in scientific employment comprises at least four phases: qualifying, entry/overall recruitment, retention and advancement. Focusing on the UK, evidence is presented of these four phases, and it is argued that each phase has different policy implications as well as different data requirements. Furthermore the case is put forward that an acceptance that retention and advancement are the key issues requiring change implies a research and policy focus on scientific institutions and structures, rather than just on agency. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 69-82 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870127249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870127249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:2:p:69-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032039_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jason Heyes Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Heyes Author-Name: Alex Gray Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Title: The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on the Textiles and Clothing Industry Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of the National Minimum Wage on the UK textiles and clothing industry. Studies of minimum wages have tended to focus on the consequences of wage increases for employment while neglecting the dynamic processes of adjustment that such increases may give rise to. A particular feature of the present study is the attention paid to adjustment processes. The paper focuses on the West Yorkshire region and draws on a combination of questionnaire survey and interview data. The study describes employers' responses to the minimum wage and examines the implications for wages, employment, work organization, and training and development activity. Particular attention is given to the consequences of employers' responses for younger workers. The study concludes by addressing a number of policy-related issues. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 83-98 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120096349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120096349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:2:p:83-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032040_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carmen Sumaza Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Sumaza Title: Supporting Lone-parent Families…through Work: A Challenging Issue for British Social Policy Abstract: One of the most significant changes in the British family structure in the last few decades is the growth in the number of families headed by a lone parent. This paper begins exploring the singular growth and characteristics of lone-parent families in Britain within the European context. Secondly, it highlights the political and social debates resulting from the different interpretations of the figures. Finally, it reviews the evidence that supports the current public response to lone-parents' needs. New policy directions assume that the lack of jobs among lone parents is a matter of barriers to employment, and therefore they try to develop bridges to overcome them. This policy is not neutral, as it encourages lone parents to give priority to their responsibilities as income providers through paid work. The dilemmas and questions that this policy raises are also discussed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 99-118 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120096358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120096358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:2:p:99-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032041_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Theresa Aldridge Author-X-Name-First: Theresa Author-X-Name-Last: Aldridge Author-Name: Roger Lee Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Andrew Leyshon Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Leyshon Author-Name: Nigel Thrift Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Thrift Author-Name: Jane Tooke Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Tooke Title: Bridges into Work? An Evaluation of Local Exchange and Trading Schemes (LETS) Abstract: Recently, the policy community has been paying particular attention to Local Exchange and Trading Schemes (LETS) as potential bridges into work for the unemployed. Up until now, however, there has only been piecemeal evidence on whether LETS are effective in this regard. In this paper, therefore, the full results of the first comprehensive evaluation of LETS are reported. In order to feed into the 'evidence-based policy-making' process, we evaluate whether LETS are effective first, as bridges into employment, second, as bridges into self-employment and, third and finally, at building reciprocal exchange networks. Our finding is that although LETS provide an indirect bridge into employment by improving employability, they are most effective as seedbeds for the development of self-employed business ventures and as vehicles for facilitating exchange beyond employment. For LETS to become more effective bridges into work for a wider range of the unemployed, nevertheless, a number of barriers to participation need to be tackled. The paper concludes by outlining how this could be achieved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 119-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870127252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870127252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:2:p:119-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032042_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jenni Ward Author-X-Name-First: Jenni Author-X-Name-Last: Ward Title: Review essay Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 133-140 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120096376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120096376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:2:p:133-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032043_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: 'They just don't live and breathe the policy like we do…': Policy Intentions and Practice Dilemmas in Modern Social Policy and Implementation Networks Abstract: This paper examines how social policy institutions, such as Scottish Homes, the national housing agency in Scotland, pursue their policy goals in an environment that is increasingly requiring them to consider how these policies are joined up with other social policy institutions' aims and objectives. It also examines how actors within multi-organizational implementation networks interpret and act upon Scottish Homes' policy guidance, especially when it conflicts with other social policy goals that they are also required to pursue. In doing this, the paper aims to enhance our understanding of the complexity of what is going on in increasingly 'joined-up' social policy and implementation networks, as much as it aims to suggest how the efficiency of what goes on therein can be improved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 149-166 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112665 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112665 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:149-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032044_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robin Gauld Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Gauld Title: Contextual Pressures on Health—Implications for Policy Making and Service Provision Abstract: This article posits that health is one of the more difficult areas of public policy making and service provision, owing to a variety of circumstantial and contextual issues. It suggests that advancements in medical practice and organization are not simplifying health policy; along with the changing context of health, they are complicating the processes of policy making and provision. The article discusses a number of trends and emerging issues in public policy philosophy, health care financing, structures and service delivery. It concludes that the complex context of health care requires approaches to policy making which are participatory and consultative. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 167-179 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:167-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032045_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Goddard-Patel Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goddard-Patel Author-Name: Stephen Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Title: The Mechanics of 'Failure' in Further Education: The Case of Bilston Community College Abstract: This paper explores the phenomenon of the 'failing' further education (FE) college. It does so through a detailed examination of the circumstances, mechanics and financial consequences behind one of the most prominent FE college 'failures' since incorporation of the FE sector in April 1993 - Bilston Community College. When Bilston apparently 'failed' it was castigated by the Labour government as an example of what happens when managements, governors and staff 'fail' to perform, and the college was duly closed in 1999 with many losses of both course provision and staff. In undertaking this examination, the paper details the relationship between the ubiquitous market ideology abroad in FE, the role of the former Further Education Funding Council, (retrospective) government policies, and some of the financial implications of closing an FE college. We conclude that the 'naming and shaming' policy initiated by the current government was at best a disingenuous response and at worst counterproductive in addressing what is a very real and continuing crisis within the UK post-compulsory education sector. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 181-195 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:181-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032046_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edward Gu Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Gu Title: Market Transition and the Transformation of the Health Care System in Urban China Abstract: During the pre-reform era, a free health care system evolved in urban China. Uniquely, the finance and administration of this system were based on the workplace rather than on the state. During the dramatic transition from a planned to a market economy which has taken place since 1979, this free health care system fell into a financial crisis in the 1990s and thus has become an institutional impediment to the marketization and privatization of state-owned enterprises, prompting the Chinese state to launch successive rounds of health reforms to transform it into a new health care insurance system. The new system is a contribution-based one administered by local governments. The contributions from both employers and employees are managed in two accounts, the social coordinating account and the individual account, which cover different payments for health care. As launching such a health care reform is against almost all vested interests in urban society, the full autonomy and high capacity of the Chinese state are required for its implementation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 197-215 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112692 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112692 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:197-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032047_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammed Ishaq Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Ishaq Author-Name: Asifa Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Asifa Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Race and Recruitment from a Uniformed Services' Perspective: The Scottish Dimension Abstract: In recent times there has been much debate about the publicity surrounding the low level of ethnic minority representation in the uniformed services. Indeed, the issue has become so important that increasing ethnic minority representation across the public services had become an important government policy objective under the direction of the former Home Secretary, Jack Straw. In response to this, representatives from a number of the uniformed services in Scotland took the initiative of forming a committee to investigate the principal forces behind the current low uptake by ethnic minorities of vacancies in the Scottish uniformed sector. They decided to adopt a wide range of policy measures aimed at redressing the current imbalance in the number of minorities recruited. This paper analyses the progress made to date by the services comprising the committee, and their attempts to overcome obstacles. The paper demonstrates that while some services such as the armed forces and the police have made significant advancements in strengthening equality of opportunity in their recruitment process, it is also clear that there remain a number of key barriers, both intrinsic and extrinsic, which threaten to stifle progress on this issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 217-232 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:217-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032048_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alan Lowe Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Lowe Title: Reform of the New Zealand Health System: Problematization, Mobilization and Change Abstract: This paper will seek to explicate the changes in the New Zealand health sector informed by the concepts of problematization, inscription and the construction of networks (Callon, 1986; Latour, 1987, 1993). This will involve applying a framework of interpretation based on the concepts of Latour's sociology of translation. Material on problematization and inscription will be incorporated into the paper in order to provide an explanatory frame of reference which will enable us to make sense of the processes of change in the New Zealand health sector. The sociology of translation will be used to explain the processes which underlie the changes and will be used to capture effects, such as changes in policy and structure, producing new networks within which 'allies' could be enrolled in support of the health reforms. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 233-249 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 22 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870120112719 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870120112719 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:22:y:2001:i:3-4:p:233-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032049_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Edwards Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: Mark Gilman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Gilman Author-Name: Monder Ram Author-X-Name-First: Monder Author-X-Name-Last: Ram Author-Name: James Arrowsmith Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Arrowsmith Title: Public Policy, the Performance of Firms, and the 'Missing Middle': The Case of the Employment Regulations, and a Role for Local Business Networks Abstract: The social and economic institutions of a country provide a framework shaping the performance of individual firms. The introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) in the UK provides a key illustration of the weakness of institutions and the ways in which they might be strengthened. Evidence from 81 small firms in three sectors reveals limited responses to the NMW. It points to the potential role of local business networks in filling the gap between individual firms and the government's business support services. Existing evidence on the difficulties which firms have using these services is reviewed, and the example of local support for the Coventry clothing industry is discussed to illustrate the potential role of local networks. The constraints are, however, formidable and if the benefits are to be realized the government needs to pursue a much more active industrial policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000000055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000000055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:1:p:5-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032050_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Hood Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Hood Author-Name: Neil Mcgarvey Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Mcgarvey Title: Managing the Risks of Public-Private Partnerships in Scottish Local Government Abstract: The involvement of the private sector in the financing and provision of public services has been placed at the core of the Labour government's second-term public sector reform agenda. PFI/PPP is a key policy instrument that is being used to transform public services. This article reviews the debates surrounding PFI/PPP before examining the implementation of the policy in Scottish local government. A key element of PFI/PPP is risk transfer. The research presented here suggests that scope exists for poor risk management decisions in Scottish local authorities. The degree of risk management involvement in the process to date is variable, and where it does exist its extent is frequently limited in scope. Local councils in Scotland appear ill-prepared to manage the risk transfer process inherent in PFI/PPP. Faced with commercial operators with substantial advantage over them in the arena of risk transfer negotiation, this increases the likelihood of PFI/PPP initiatives which offer poor value for money for Scottish local government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000000064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000000064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:1:p:21-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032051_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Graham Room Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Room Title: Education and Welfare: Recalibrating the European Debate Abstract: Much of the recent scholarly literature on globalization and social welfare focuses on the threats that are allegedly posed to national social protection systems by footloose capital in search of lowcost labour. However, it is argued here that capital is less concerned about the costs imposed by generous social protection, more by the advantages offered by generous human capital investment. Thus, far from mobile capital driving national policies of social protection by the threat of exit, national policies on human investment may drive capital mobility by inducing entry. The paper investigates alternative national policies of this sort, their institutional preconditions and their implications for the distribution of welfare. It concludes that the current drive for human investment must be placed at the centre of comparative welfare analysis, not least in order to expose the fragility of the assumptions that policy makers are making, in seeing such investment as the road to welfare and opportunity for all. Journal: Pages: 37-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000000073 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000000073 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:1:p:37-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032052_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tine Rostgaard Author-X-Name-First: Tine Author-X-Name-Last: Rostgaard Title: Caring for Children and Older People in Europe - A Comparison of European Policies and Practice Abstract: The study of social care benefits is the Cinderella of welfare state analysis. Little is therefore known about the institutional design of these benefits, nor has much work been carried out as to what analytical frame should be adopted when analysing social care benefits. This article sets out to present a conceptual framework for the comparative understanding of social care benefits in arguing that the study of social care policies benefits from incorporating cash as well as service benefits, for the old as well as for children. Looking at the development of social care policies in seven countries over a period of 15 years reveals that social care has come under increasing focus. Policies have been evaluated with reference to the organization of care, the need for introducing new providers and for an increased share of user payment. Paradigms of efficiency, marketization and consumerism have challenged former paradigms of equity and professionalism, resulting in a greater mix of providers, as well as a benefit provision as high as ever in terms of number of recipients. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 51-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000000082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000000082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:1:p:51-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032053_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bob Hudson Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson Title: Integrated Care and Structural Change in England: The Case of Care Trusts Abstract: Integrated care for vulnerable people is a target of governments throughout the world, but one that is thwarted by organizational and professional divisions. The 'New Labour' government in Britain came to power in 1997 with a brief to secure integrated support across health and social care through the development of partnership working - part of its much-vaunted 'Third Way'. However, just as new legislation on partnerships came into effect, the government attempted a volte-face and sought an alternative policy - the imposition of structural change. This article looks at the origin and nature of these alternative approaches. The political furore accompanying the change is examined and an attempt is made to apply an evidence-based approach to the main vehicle for structural change - Care Trusts. Ten reasons are suggested for treating the proposed model with caution. The analysis has relevance for the debate elsewhere between the relative merits of partnership working and structural integration as alternative ways of securing integrated care. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 77-95 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000011459 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000011459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:2:p:77-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032054_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elizabeth Matka Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Matka Author-Name: Marian Barnes Author-X-Name-First: Marian Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes Author-Name: Helen Sullivan Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan Title: Health Action Zones: 'Creating Alliances to Achieve Change' Abstract: New Labour has placed partnership across sectors, and with users and communities, at the core of its approach to achieving change. Health Action Zones (HAZs), as one of the earliest and most ambitious of New Labour's initiatives, reflect this focus and their experience offers useful insights for developing such ways of working in future. Research by the national HAZ evaluation team suggests that the ability and willingness of partner agencies to engage with the HAZ has been constrained by factors such as the speed of change in the health economy and the limited capacities of voluntary and community agencies, which sometimes need a lengthy period of support and development if they are to engage as 'equal' partners in such enterprises. Communities also need support in developing skills and confidence before they can become active partners, and again this takes time and resources. HAZs have piloted successful local strategies for engaging partners and involving communities; however, without the extra funding provided by HAZs, these 'bespoke' and resource-intensive approaches may lose out to mainstream and national agendas seeking quick results. Organizational development is also critically important to achieving change. Capacity building is needed within organizations with professionals and practitioners to ensure that genuine partnerships can be entered into. This has proved one of the most challenging tasks for HAZ partnerships, though evidence suggests a key element of success is early establishment of a coherent vision across all levels of partner organizations. Over the long term, the new ways of working piloted in HAZs may produce more streamlined services, greater local control and healthier, more empowered communities, but those long-term benefits cannot be achieved without sufficient outlay on the groundwork. Efficient new systems actually require more resources in the short to medium term, not fewer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 97-106 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000011440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000011440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:2:p:97-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032055_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ka-Ho Mok Author-X-Name-First: Ka-Ho Author-X-Name-Last: Mok Author-Name: Maggie Lau Author-X-Name-First: Maggie Author-X-Name-Last: Lau Title: Changing Government Role for Socio-economic Development in Hong Kong in the Twenty-first Century Abstract: As Hong Kong is now facing economic restructuring and social problems of various kinds, it is not surprising that the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has begun to introduce new measures and policies to make the government more efficient and effective in terms of service provision and resource allocation. As notions of 'accountability' and 'value for money' are repeatedly stressed by the government, the subsequent impacts of the public sector reform which started in 1989, coupled with the recent reforms along the lines of managerialism, have already caused fundamental changes to the social welfare sector and social administration in Hong Kong. Different measures and strategies such as 'decentralization', 'privatization', 'marketization' and 'corporatization' have been introduced in recent years to different areas of policy in Hong Kong. All these administrative reforms have suggested that the HKSAR has tried to conceive a new role for the administration, hoping to develop new relationships with markets and civil society. This article is set against such a policy context to examine the impacts of the Asian economic crisis on the quality of life in Hong Kong, with reference to how socioeconomic and demographic changes in Hong Kong after the economic crisis have affected Hong Kong citizens' livelihood and quality of life, particularly exploring the current situations of poverty, income distribution and environmental degradation in the HKSAR. More specifically, this article will explore how the HKSAR has helped its citizens to ride out the storm, discussing whether the measures adopted by the government are effective enough to relieve hardship and accelerate recovery. Most important of all, this article will also reflect on the changing modes of governance in social and welfare development in Hong Kong. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 107-124 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000011468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000011468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:2:p:107-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032056_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Walker Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Title: Block-by-block Accounting for High-rise Housing: A First Step Towards Resource Accounting in Action Abstract: At the start of the new millennium, mass housing for many local housing authorities will represent one of their biggest challenges and, in financial terms, an increasingly expensive legacy. A big reduction in demand from those households that traditionally sought to live in council housing is one of the principal reasons for extraordinarily high vacancy rates. These voids are dramatically exposing the latent vulnerability of high-rise housing. It is argued and shown that decisions about their future must embrace a more strategic appreciation of costs and benefits based upon, amongst other things, newly devised block-by-block revenue accounting. Such resource frameworks do not simply replicate the traditional housing revenue account (HRA) for individual blocks, but by using simple economic theory of costs it is possible to model the future of blocks according to a set of decision rules. Crucially, by adopting this 'new' accounting convention it offers the potential to empower those interest groups currently excluded from appreciating and understanding financial data: tenants and tenants' groups, local housing officers and even local councillors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 125-148 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000011477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000011477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:2:p:125-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032057_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 149-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000011486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000011486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:2:p:149-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032058_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lynn Dobbs Author-X-Name-First: Lynn Author-X-Name-Last: Dobbs Author-Name: Craig Moore Author-X-Name-First: Craig Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: Engaging Communities in Area-based Regeneration: The Role of Participatory Evaluation Abstract: The importance of engaging communities is increasingly recognized within area-based regeneration programmes. There is also an acceptance within evaluation theory and the wider policy making and practitioner community that local people's involvement in the process of identifying and researching community needs and aspirations offers the potential to generate meaningful data while also facilitating a subsequent increase in community capacity and capital. However, there are a number of difficulties involved in negotiating a participatory approach which relate to the constraints of national policy, tensions in partnership structures, levels of commitment to community empowerment and community capacity. This paper explores the extent to which these barriers can be addressed by drawing on a number of projects undertaken in the Tyneside conurbation in north-east England which sought to encourage community involvement in evaluation by employing, training and supporting local residents to carry out a range of baseline and impact surveys. It shows that a model of participation can be developed which allows local people to play a successful role in the research process, while also delivering a range of data that will assist partnerships in the planning and analysis of services to meet local needs and facilitate regeneration. It is a model which is underpinned by a concern to facilitate empowerment, to foster inclusivity, and to ensure flexibility in research design and feedback to communities. It also has the potential to impact on institutional capacity within area-based partnerships, structures and environments, and as such it will be of interest to policy makers, practitioners and communities with a genuine commitment to adapting the principles of local people's participation in the process of change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 157-171 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000045966 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000045966 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:157-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032059_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ross Fergusson Author-X-Name-First: Ross Author-X-Name-Last: Fergusson Title: Rethinking Youth Transitions: Policy Transfer and New Exclusions in New Labour's New Deal Abstract: The central argument of this paper is that the policies developed by New Labour to tackle social exclusion amongst young people in particular are aligned with US workfare policies. In being so aligned they disclose the neo-liberal 'drivers' of reform which mark New Labour's understanding of social exclusion as a distinct rupture with the European social exclusion tradition. Considerable benefits of workfare that accrue to labour supply and to wage regulation are outlined to exemplify these 'drivers'. Through reviews of the effects of welfare-to-work programmes, and of independent evaluations of the New Deal for Young People (NDYP), the paper suggests that its impact upon exclusion, even in its narrower senses, is limited. It goes on to query some fundamental assumptions about how young people are understood to make 'transitions' into financial independence as employees, looking both at persistent inequalities, notably of race, class and disability, and at new forms of inequality that depend, in much more complex ways, on how young people are able (or unable) to use their powers as students, part-time workers and members of social groups, to adapt to changing and highly locally variable market conditions. These trends, it is argued, may explain take-up and outcome patterns in NDYP. The paper concludes that there is a serious question as to whether it can ever 'lift' the most marginalized groups out of exclusion, and that such schemes may be positively inimical to doing so, particularly if they become 'joined up' with policies that criminalize young people who are regarded as being at risk. In this sense, the (characteristically US) economic case for welfare-to-work schemes does not accord with the (characteristically European) social case for inclusion through relief of poverty and honouring rights of citizenship. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-190 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000045975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000045975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:173-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032060_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Murray Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Murray Author-Name: John Greer Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Greer Title: Participatory Planning as Dialogue: The Northern Ireland Regional Strategic Framework and its Public Examination Process Abstract: Citizen and organization participation in public policy formulation is now part of the mainstream. It is against that context that this paper examines the contribution of an inclusive, participatory planning process to the preparation of a new regional strategic framework for Northern Ireland. The discussion includes questionnaire data from those attending a public examination into the regional strategy. The wider value of this Northern Ireland experience for an appreciation of participatory planning as dialogue is addressed, along with the assistance given to democratic renewal. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 191-209 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000045984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000045984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:191-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032061_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ray Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Title: Evidence and Policy and Naming and Shaming Abstract: The debate on the potential of evidence-based policy is now in full flow, though opinions differ on whether we have reached zenith or nadir in our capacity to transform public data into public service. Clearly, we are not short of 'evidence'; there is a plethora of programme evaluators and policy analysts out there, and a surfeit of their publications - official, academic and grey. What is at issue is the method of synthesizing that evidence, a research strategy that goes by the name of 'systematic review'. In particular, there is considerable doubt about how to handle the variegated and contested evidence base that typifies most sectors of public policy. Can it ever be made to yield to the formal statistical techniques of meta-analysis? And if not, can evidence-based policy ever match the precision of the demanding blueprint represented by evidence-based medicine? This paper seeks to go beyond these old antagonisms by proposing a novel model of evidence synthesis based on the principles of realist evaluation. Under this approach, systematic review changes from a data-driven exercise to a process of theory development and refinement. The core of the paper is a demonstration project, consisting of an embryonic review of public disclosure initiatives, a policy better known as 'naming and shaming'. Six initiatives are examined in order to develop an elementary theory of the conditions under which shaming sanctions might work. The paper concludes with reflections on how such a process of 'realist synthesis' may feed into policy making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 211-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000045993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000045993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:211-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032062_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Ramsden Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Ramsden Author-Name: R. J. Bennett Author-X-Name-First: R. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Crispian Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Crispian Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Title: The End of TECs: A Challenge for Partners and Successor Bodies to Maintain Discretionary Activity Abstract: This paper examines the scale and form of discretionary activity in Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). Discretionary activity was a key aspect of TECs. In particular it underpinned their role to be flexible local agents offering leadership and finance to lever partnerships with other agents. The paper examines TEC discretionary activity at the peak of its development in 2000. This amounted to about 200m per annum. Their activity covered fields of economic development, business support, education and training, and workforce development. TECs were abolished from April 2001. The paper examines the challenges faced by successor bodies (the Learning and Skills Council, Regional Development Agencies, and the Small Business Service) in maintaining significant local initiatives. TEC projects chiefly depended on the TEC for both leadership and finance. Without a continuation of both, many local projects will disappear and employer commitment is endangered. Employer commitment is shown chiefly to have involved large national firms, or significant local and regional employers. Their commitments and the need for leadership appear to be the most fragile elements, which are hence most vulnerable. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 231-246 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000046000 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000046000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:231-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032063_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Harnessing Voluntary Work: A Fourth Sector Approach Abstract: This paper evaluates critically the current UK policy approach that seeks to cultivate voluntary work through the 'third sector' route of developing voluntary groups. To do this, first, the results of recent nationwide surveys of volunteering are analysed. Revealing how informal volunteering (helping people on an individual basis) is not only of the same order of magnitude as formal volunteering (helping people via groups) but is also the predominant form of voluntary activity amongst deprived populations, this paper argues that the current third sector approach needs to be complemented by a 'fourth sector' approach that cultivates one-to-one aid. To reinforce this finding and to investigate how this can be achieved, case study evidence of the nature of volunteering amongst affluent and deprived populations in rural England is then reported. This reveals that while participation in voluntary groups in rural areas is heavily skewed towards the relatively affluent who use them as sociability vehicles, one-to-one aid is the principal type of voluntary work used by lower income populations to improve their material circumstances. The paper concludes by outlining possible policy initiatives that could be used to implement this fourth sector approach. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 247-260 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287022000046019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287022000046019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:23:y:2002:i:3:p:247-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032064_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Erik Beukel Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Beukel Title: Ideas, Interests, and State Preferences: The Making of Multilateral Environmental Agreements with Trade Stipulations Abstract: Three multilateral environmental agreements (the Washington Convention, 1973, the Montreal Protocol, 1987, and the Basel Convention, 1989) attach a prominent role to trade regulations as a means of realizing environmental goals. Thus they display a treaty-based consensus that in order to realize environmental goals it is necessary to establish a linkage between environmental protection and trade rules. As countries from all parts of the world have acceded to the three agreements, they have expressed their endeavours to adopt global environmental policies. The article elaborates how environmental ideas and economic interests, between and across countries on different levels of income, shape state preferences and are applied to persuade decision makers in different parts of the world to adopt and implement the three agreements. In that process, establishing different types of linkages between environmental and non-environmental issues is an important means of consensus dynamics. The conclusion is that interest-based approaches are basic to explaining state preferences in relation to intersections between global environmental policies and trade policies. Idea-based challenges may offer a useful supplement, rather than an independent alternative, to interest-based approaches. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 3-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870308039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870308039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:3-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032065_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Collins Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Enter the Grecian Horse? Regulation of Foreign Ownership of the Media in the UK Abstract: This article reviews national media ownership regulation in the UK. It places the UK's regime in an international context, showing it to be less onerous than some comparable countries and more onerous than others, and in a historical context, examining the changing configuration of UK media ownership and regulation. It assesses the economic and cultural effects of UK national media ownership regulation and identifies differences in and between some recent UK government policy documents on this subject (including the Draft Communications Bill of 2002). The article identifies national ownership regulation as applying only in the broadcasting sector and this sector is compared with others, notably film, newspapers and telecommunications. The dominant theme in UK government policy is identified as one of removal of national ownership regulation and, should government and parliament choose to frame the Communications Bill accordingly, an alternative method of promoting national cultural and economic goals in the broadcasting sector is identified. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 17-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870308037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870308037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:17-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032066_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rosemary Lucas Author-X-Name-First: Rosemary Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas Author-Name: Michele Langlois Author-X-Name-First: Michele Author-X-Name-Last: Langlois Title: Anticipating and Adjusting to the Introduction of the National Minimum Wage in the Hospitality and Clothing Industries Abstract: The National Minimum Wage (NMW) has been a unique event, providing an exceptional opportunity to learn how firms manage change and adjust to a significant intervention in the labour market. This article discusses how hospitality and clothing firms managed the introduction of the NMW in the two-year period leading up to its arrival on 1 April 1999. Individual firms do have scope for discretionary, random and opportunistic decisions, and the introduction of the NMW is not a discrete event occurring in a stable world. Ultimately, its impact will be difficult to predict and to measure even though we can discern inter- and intra-industry differences, and along a small and larger firm divide. While the NMW is clearly an important dimension of public policy that has been successful in raising workers' pay, the level at which it is set will continue to pose conundrums to the policy makers in terms of dealing with firms' performance and competitiveness. Journal: Pages: 33-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870308040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870308040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:33-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10032067_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martin Powell Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Author-Name: Mark Exworthy Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Exworthy Title: Equal Access to Health Care and the British National Health Service Abstract: Equal access to health care is a central objective of many health care systems, and is often seen as the founding principle of the British National Health Service. However, this paper argues that it can be seen as a piece of grand or flamboyant rhetoric of symbolic politics, representing a misreading, or at least an oversimplification, of history. It examines stated equity objectives in the NHS by placing them in the cells of an equity matrix. It is discovered that few NHS policies have aimed to achieve 'equal access to health care' in any meaningful sense. Policies in the 'old NHS' were largely concerned with equality of provision, with some later moves towards equal expenditure for equal need. The 'new NHS' of the New Labour government stress both fair access and a more ambitious aim of reducing the health gap. Moreover, this rhetorical emphasis has obscured wider issues, in that little attention has been paid to issues such as which variations are unacceptable, how much variation should be tolerated, and the potential trade-offs between concepts such as equity and efficiency. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 51-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870308038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870308038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:51-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659692_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Title: Globalisation, regions and cluster policies: the case of the Rover Task Force Abstract: In March 2000, BMW announced plans to restructure and sell substantial parts of the Rover Group and threatened to close Rover completely. In response the government brought together local actors through the West Midlands Regional Development Agency (RDA) and Government Office of the West Midlands (GOWM) by setting up the Rover Task Force (RTF). After a local consortium purchased Rover, and Land Rover was sold to Ford, the RTF focused on modernising the auto cluster, diversifying into other clusters, and a regeneration programme linking cluster policy with spatial targeting. This paper assesses the role of the RTF as a response to the crisis and explores to what extent regionally based cluster policies are likely to succeed, using the RTF as an example. Whilst the RDA and GOWM were in a sense able to use the RTF to legitimise and adapt their emerging clusters policy, there have been a number of advantages arising from the RTF’s work. However, there are limits to what a resource-constrained RDA can achieve given the fragmentation of policy delivery in the region, given trends in the auto industry and given the tensions with and incompatibilities of central government policy. The case also raises the critical issue of coordination of regionally based cluster policies where the cluster in question clearly crosses administrative regional boundaries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 67-85 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000170975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000170975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:67-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659693_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Title: Youth participation: a new mode of government Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 87-100 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000170984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000170984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:87-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659694_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli Author-X-Name-First: Daphna Author-X-Name-Last: Birenbaum-Carmeli Title: Reproductive policy in context: implications on women’s rights in Israel, 1945–2000 Abstract: Israel’s reproductive policy has always aimed at raising fertility rates within the country’s Jewish population. The present paper traces this policy and its implications on various population sectors from the mid-1940s to the present, as situated within a web of political, economic and religious interests. It reviews main changes in reproductive policy throughout the state’s history and then addresses three related dilemmas, which are of particular interest in the Israeli context: (i) women’s reproductive autonomy within a proactively pronatalist climate, (ii) civil and state reproductive responsibility in a country that encourages exceptionally high fertility among a relatively poor, uneducated, religious population and (iii) the implications of a politicised notion of childbearing, as a contribution to the nation-building effort, on the reproductive and civil rights of Israeli women. The discussion ends by pointing at the complexities of morally assessing reproductive policies even within a given context. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 101-113 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000170993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000170993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:101-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659695_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Caroline Lloyd Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd Author-Name: Jonathan Payne Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Payne Title: What is the ‘high skills society’? Some reflections on current academic and policy debates in the UK Abstract: The UK government has committed itself to building a high skills future for the UK. However, despite widespread use of terms such as the ‘knowledge economy’, ‘the high skills society’ and ‘the learning society’, there remains much confusion as to the kind of economy or society different commentators are actually aiming at. The paper seeks to add clarity to current debates by mapping the various visions to emerge from three key groupings: (i) government and ‘social actors’, (ii) those writing from an educationalist background and (iii) those coming from a broadly industrial relations tradition. By highlighting the confusion, tensions and contradictions that exist, it soon becomes clear that high skills are far from being the consensual policy option they initially appear. It is only by opening up these issues that we can appreciate the different aims that exist at the centre of the UK skills debate and begin to confront the real political choices available. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-133 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000171000 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000171000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:115-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659696_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Maclure Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Maclure Author-Name: Kathryn Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Martin Dufresne Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Dufresne Title: Young offender diversion in Canada: tensions and contradictions of social policy appropriation Abstract: Under Canada’s Young Offenders Act (YOA, 1984–2003), the concept of diversion became an important feature of the youth justice system. Consisting of the formally constituted Alternative Measures program and other more informally administered procedures, diversion was developed as a means of responding to youth aged 12–17 years who have committed minor offences while minimizing their risks of stigmatization and recidivism. Although the YOA was subjected to persistent criticism concerning its ambiguity and contradictions, and was recently replaced by the new Youth Justice Criminal Act, very little research has been devoted to the implementation of young offender diversion programs. In this paper we present the results of a phenomenological inquiry into the practice of diversion in one large southern Ontario community. By regarding the implementation of diversion as a form of social policy appropriation by various professional groups, we highlight the perspectives of 17 practitioners who have had extensive experience in administering particular aspects of diversion programs. These perspectives differ in some fundamental ways, and thus help to illuminate the broad latitude that exists for discretionary decision-making in sanctioning youth who have committed minor offences. Such differences also reflect the variation of diversion practices and corresponding tensions among those responsible for this form of young offender disposition. The paper concludes by surmising that a two-tiered system of diversion is emerging that inadvertently may be diminishing the rights of minor young offenders. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 135-150 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000171019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000171019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:135-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659697_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 151-153 Issue: 2-3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287032000171028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287032000171028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:2-3:p:151-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659698_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Paul Robson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Title: Use, satisfaction and the influence of local governance regime Abstract: This paper compares the performance of English Business Link (BL) with Scotland’s Small Business Gateway and Wales’ Business Connect. Within England it compares BLs that are independent with those that are de facto subsidiaries of chambers of commerce or other organisations. Using 2002 large-scale survey data, the paper shows that BL has become the dominant public source of advice in England, with the RDAs and LSCs yet to make any impact. Market penetration, impact and satisfaction have all increased compared with 1997 survey results, but much of this increase is due to BLs that are subsidiaries, particularly those that are subsidiaries of chambers of commerce. In Scotland and Wales, a national–local system has emerged that achieves similar performance but with greater emphasis on brokerage and referrals. Assessment of BL fee regimes shows that fee charging is uncorrelated with client satisfaction. The government’s Skills Strategy has emerged to be a potential danger to BL performance if it shifts the emphasis away from a focus on client needs towards meeting government skill targets. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 163-186 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000216126 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000216126 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:163-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659699_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Monder Ram Author-X-Name-First: Monder Author-X-Name-Last: Ram Author-Name: David Smallbone Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smallbone Title: Supplier diversity initiatives and the diversification of ethnic minority businesses in the UK Abstract: This paper examines the role that supplier diversity initiatives can play in opening up market opportunities for ethnic minority businesses (EMBs). EMBs have long been encouraged to diversify from inauspicious ‘low value’ niches; for some, the prospect of contracts with public and private sector organisations could serve as a means of facilitating this process. The advent of the Race Relations Amendment Act provides a legislative stimulus for diversity in public sector procurement. The ‘corporate social responsibility’ agenda, ostensibly embraced by many leading firms, provides a further impetus to re-assess diversity issues in respect of procurement. Case studies of two types of supplier diversity initiatives are drawn upon to inform this assessment: purchaser initiatives, from both the public and private sector; and intermediary or business-to-business brokerage type initiatives that attempt to facilitate the access of EMBs to potential contract opportunities. It is clear that such initiatives are at an early stage of development, and have to operate within legislative and political constraints. Nonetheless, there is still scope for the development of progressive measures; this is explored in the conclusion. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 187-204 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000216117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000216117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:187-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659700_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonathan Payne Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Payne Author-Name: Ewart Keep Author-X-Name-First: Ewart Author-X-Name-Last: Keep Title: Re-visiting the Nordic approaches to work re-organization and job redesign: lessons for UK skills policy Abstract: The paper considers the lessons that UK policy makers might draw from Scandinavian programmes in the area of work re-organisation and job redesign. It takes as its point of departure the recent publication of the Cabinet Office Performance and Innovation Unit’s report on workforce development which signalled the need to develop a new ‘demand-led’ approach to tackling Britain’s ‘skills problem’. Building on the PIU analysis, the paper asks how UK policy makers might go about developing programmes aimed at improving work organisation, as one element of a wider ‘demand-side’ strategy. It begins by asking why work re-organisation and job redesign have tended to be relatively neglected as policy issues in the UK. The paper then moves on to explore the problems and challenges that Norway and Finland have faced in developing programmes aimed at ‘workplace development’, and tries to assess what UK policy makers could learn from these experiences given their willingness to do so. Finally, the paper examines how the UK might approach initiating a publicly supported programme of workplace development, albeit from within a very different and perhaps less hospitable social, political and institutional environment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 205-225 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000216108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000216108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:205-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_9659701_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: E. Barrett Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Barrett Author-Name: M. Heycock Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Heycock Author-Name: D. Hick Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Hick Author-Name: E. Judge Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Judge Title: The case of the Leeds Transport Strategy Abstract: While the transport problems of disabled people figure prominently in some transport strategies, the reality of what disabled people experience can be far removed from what most strategies aim to achieve. The main reason for this mismatch is an inappropriate, even erroneous, conceptualisation of disability. This is compounded by an inadequate articulation of the needs of disabled people and their lack of meaningful involvement in the development of transport strategy. These issues arise in many strategies and this paper will look at their occurrence in one of the more well-known strategies, the Leeds Transport Strategy (as currently expressed within the West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan). The paper analyses the treatment of disabled access issues in the strategy and relates these issues to the results of empirical research. The experiences of a wide range of disabled respondents are considered in parallel with the attitudes and actions of transport providers and policy makers. The paper concludes that the gap between intentions of policy makers and the real needs of disabled transport users, can be reduced by the involvement of disabled people in the decision-making process. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 227-242 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000216090 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000216090 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:227-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050149_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Editorial Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 3-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000208198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000208198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:3-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050150_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew Webster Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Webster Title: State of the art Abstract: This article provides a review of recent work in social science exploring the meaning of risk in contemporary society and its relation to science and science policy-making. The article argues that we have seen a reflexive turn in policy-making though this is limited and yet to fully embrace the discourse of uncertainty and lay engagement with science that will be required for a more socially robust and legitimated management of risks. It locates risk in a wider political culture and calls for new research that adopts a more sophisticated approach to the social framing of the science–risk–policy nexus. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000208206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000208206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050151_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew Massey Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Massey Title: Modernisation as Europeanisation Abstract: The Labour Government elected to office in Britain in 1997 is committed to modernisation. Observers may detect an echo here of earlier species of Labour modernisers, but the plans of all contemporary European governments, are located within the context of the Europeanisation of European governance. It is a process that impacts upon members of the European Union (EU) and those aspiring to join. An understanding of modernisation must take cognisance of developments in public administration and an understanding of the modernisation of public sector institutions within contemporary Europe requires the concept and process of Europeanisation be addressed. The study of Europeanisation, although exploring the impact of intergovernmental and supranational institutions, is mostly located at the national and sub-national level in terms of its effects. But its dynamics are (variously) national, regional, transnational, supranational and global. The ontology of Europeanisation, or perhaps more accurately, Europeanised institutions, is part of a broader global process that has its historical roots in the cold war and its present in the global economic liberalism that is stripping the political capacity of states to adequately deal with its consequences. Only in Europe is this referred to as Europeanisation. Despite the different British and Continental European traditions, there is an increasing convergence in the policy-making and institutional decision-making structures and procedures of their public administrations. At its grandest Europeanisation resurrects some of the neo-functionalist dynamic for supranationalism through institutional integration, with EU law as represented through the Union’s own court and national courts’ compliance being a key element. An implication of this is not that Europeanisation is inevitable, but is contingent upon social, political and economic interactions, while giving primacy to the impact of European developments at the domestic level. Europeanisation is often a fundamental constituent of analyses that argues that the power of national governments and the nation-state are being ‘hollowed-out’ and transferred up to supranational institutions and down to the regions. But this article argues that the impact has been both ways, as national governments have demanded in return, the modernisation of the Commission and its increased efficiency and accountability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 19-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000208215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000208215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:19-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050152_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Common Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Common Title: Organisational learning in a political environment Abstract: This article observes that the political environment will always compromise the application of the organisational learning concept in government. In an attempt to overcome this problem, it seeks to demonstrate that a conceptual synthesis between policy learning and organisational learning has an important contribution to make in terms of developing an understanding of how and why policy transfer occurs. Although the concept of organisational learning is now fairly well established in management approaches for improving organisational effectiveness, its current attraction is largely a result of the same environmental pressures that have allegedly globalised policy-making. The efforts of the UK government to improve learning from the international environment are examined and it is argued that while adaptive behaviour is common, true learning is rare. This observation underscores a key problem with the policy learning approach. The article therefore considers how the demands for effective organisational learning have presented new challenges for public management that involve understanding the mechanisms of adopting and evaluating policy innovations from overseas. The complex and unpredictable nature of the contemporary public sector environment, along with the international diffusion of policy knowledge, means that it is vital for governments to learn effectively. In practice, however, the ‘Learning Organisation’ ideal can only be realised in a very narrow sense by public organisations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000208224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000208224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:35-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050153_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philip G. Cerny Author-X-Name-First: Philip G. Author-X-Name-Last: Cerny Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Globalisation and public policy under New Labour Abstract: The concept of the Competition State differs from the Post-Fordist State proposed by regulation theory, which asserts that the contemporary restructuring of the state is aimed at maintaining its general function of stabilising the national polity and promoting the domestic economy in the public interest. In contrast, the Competition State focuses on the transformation of the state from within with regard to the reform of political institutions, functions and processes, in the face of processes of globalisation. It is argued that the state does not merely adapt to exogenous structural constraints; domestic political actors take a proactive lead in the process through both policy entrepreneurship and the rearticulation of domestic political and social coalitions, on both the right and the left, as alternatives are incrementally eroded. State intervention itself is aimed at not only adjusting to, but also sustaining, promoting, and expanding an open global economy in order to capture its perceived benefits. Such strategies, while reinforcing the roles and positions of such actors, can also undermine the generic function of the state seen in terms of traditional conceptions of social justice and the public interest and create the space for social conflict. It is further argued that the New Labour government in the UK has adopted a policy agenda which in its most crucial aspects reflects the continuing transformation of the British State into a Competition State in an attempt to adapt state action to cope more effectively with what they define as global ‘realities’. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 51-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870420002081242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870420002081242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:51-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10050154_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hongxia Chai Author-X-Name-First: Hongxia Author-X-Name-Last: Chai Title: Country profile Abstract: This country profile briefly introduces the context to the administrative reforms in China. Next, the profile investigates the most recent four rounds of institutional reforms in China. In the concluding section, the main achievements and prospects for administrative reform in China are highlighted. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 67-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000208233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000208233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:67-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049210_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Halpin Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Halpin Author-Name: Marny Dickson Author-X-Name-First: Marny Author-X-Name-Last: Dickson Author-Name: Sally Power Author-X-Name-First: Sally Author-X-Name-Last: Power Author-Name: Geoff Whitty Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: Whitty Author-Name: Sharon Gewirtz Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Gewirtz Title: Area-based approaches to educational regeneration Abstract: The Education Action Zone (EAZ) experiment is one of a number of area-based regeneration initiatives (ABRIs) that have been introduced by central government in recent years in England in an attempt both to tackle social exclusion and lever up educational achievement in some of its disadvantaged localities. The policy, regarded by some of its advocates as the epitome of New Labour's ‘Third Way’, is premised upon the idea that different bodies (public, private, voluntary and community) can work together to deliver localised ‘joined-up solutions’ to ‘joined-up problems’ – in this case those to do with how to address successfully persistent educational failure in poor neighborhoods. Drawing on the findings of a three and a half-year long ESRC-funded research project designed to investigate the origins, operation and impact of the EAZ policy, this article reflects on the degree to which this approach to educational regeneration is delivering on its objectives and highlights the lessons that can be learnt from its operation so far. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 75-85 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000262170 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000262170 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:75-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049211_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patsy Healey Author-X-Name-First: Patsy Author-X-Name-Last: Healey Title: Creativity and urban governance Abstract: This article explores the relationship between ‘creativity’ and ‘innovation’, and the forms and practices of ‘governance’ in an urban context. It examines, in particular, the ‘double’ creativity of governance, both in terms of its potential to foster creativity in social and economic dynamics and to creatively transform its own capacities. It argues that there is no simple equation between the characteristics of a ‘creative city’ and a ‘creative’ mode of urban governance. Instead, the article advocates a multi-level approach to the dimensions of urban governance through which to identify qualities of governance activity, which, in specific contexts, have the potential to encourage creativity and innovation. The article first develops three meanings of creativity and outlines the way these are related to governance activity. A three-level approach to the interacting dimensions of governance is then presented, linking episodes, processes and cultures. This approach is then developed into an evaluative framework through which the creative potentialities of emergent properties of governance practices in specific situations can be explored. In conclusion, the article comments on the kinds of governance infrastructures which may have the capacity to release imaginative and innovative activities in city regions, the kinds of interventions which may help to transform such capacity and the imaginative resources and mobilising power which may help successful innovations to spread from experiment to ‘mainstream’. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 87-102 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000262189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000262189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:87-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049212_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elizabeth A. Corley Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth A. Author-X-Name-Last: Corley Title: US national forest policies regarding logging Abstract: This article explores how differences in scientist and citizen mental models regarding logging in a US national forest can lead the two groups to support divergent policies, although they agree about the goals that logging policies should achieve in the forest. A case-study methodology of logging in the Chattahoochee National Forest in the United States is used. The case study is informed by two methods: in-depth interviews and a written questionnaire. The in-depth interviews were conducted with both scientists and citizens to elicit their mental models regarding logging in the Chattahoochee National Forest. Upon completion of the in-depth interviews, respondents were asked to complete a written questionnaire that elicited demographic information, as well as information regarding management goals for the forest. We conclude that scientists and citizens agree about the management goals for the Chattahoochee National Forest, but differences in the mental models of the two groups regarding the scientific effects of logging cause disagreement about the optimal logging policy option required to achieve those goals. The article considers the implications of the case study findings for risk communication and public involvement in environmental decision-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 103-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000262198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000262198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:103-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049213_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Caroline De La Porte Author-X-Name-First: Caroline De La Author-X-Name-Last: Porte Author-Name: Bob Deacon Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Deacon Title: Social policy influence of the EU and other global actors: The case of Lithuania Abstract: This article examines the impact of the European Union's (EU) external dimension of social policy both in terms of discourse and practice and compares it with the social policy advisory activities of other global actors: the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The article evaluates how far the EU's external dimension of social policy is impacting on the social reform process in a new EU Member State, Lithuania.1Lithuania was a candidate for EU membership when this article was written. Caroline De La Porte, PhD Candidate, European University, Via dei Roccetini 9, San Domenico di Fiesole. Tel: 00 39 340 158 0473. e-mail: caroline.delaporte@iue.itBob Deacon, Professor of Social Policy, Director, Globalism and Social Policy Programme, Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1757 282253; E-mail: b.deacon@sheffield.ac.uk The influence of the EU on Lithuanian social policy development is then compared with that of other national and international actors. Two central arguments are developed in this article. First, although the European Social model is narrow in terms of legislation, but has been broadened through ‘soft’ law. In terms of discourse, this is being transposed to the external dimension of social policy. In practice, however, this European vision has not been fully reflected in the social policy actions of the PHARE programme nor was it emphasised much in negotiations. Secondly, the article holds that the EU, as well as other actors, does have a significant influence on the social reform process in Lithuania, particularly when it coincides with the dominant discourses propagated nationally. However, this influence does not fully reflect the EU's discourse on the external dimension of social policy and is not as influential as the activities of other global actors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 121-137 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000262206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000262206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:121-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049214_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alice Bloch Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Bloch Title: Survey research with refugees Abstract: This article draws on a study of five refugee groups living in five regions in England carried out for the Department for Work and Pensions. It considers the central methodological issues that emerge when carrying out survey research with refugees. The article examines the key components of research design and investigation in refugee research. It considers problems emanating from the lack of official base-line field data and the difficulties of gaining access to refugees who are sometimes hidden and for which no sampling frame is available. It presents the strategies that were used to gain access to respondents through gatekeeper organisations and groups working with refugees. The process of recruiting interviewers and their role in the research are also examined including the translation of questionnaires into community languages. In addition, sampling issues and the use of quotas are explored, together with the difficulties of meeting quotas due to differences in migration patterns and social networks between and within communities. The article argues that detailed knowledge about the target cohort is crucial in the absence of a sampling frame in order to ensure effective decision-making as problems emerge in the field. In addition, the use of quotas and multiple gatekeepers in order to ensure the generalisability of knowledge is emphasized. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 139-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000262215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000262215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:139-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049592_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eugene Mclaughlin Author-X-Name-First: Eugene Author-X-Name-Last: Mclaughlin Author-Name: Sarah Neal Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Neal Title: Misrepresenting the multicultural nation Abstract: The Commission for the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain was launched by Jack Straw in January 1998 to provide a blueprint for a progressive, multi-culturally constituted ‘post nation’. The long awaited Commission report – the Parekh report – was published two years later and was met by a torrent of negative news media coverage and government handwashing. Academics and policy makers working on sensitive issues of race, ethnicity, culture and national identity are still attempting to learn the lessons from the failure of the Parekh report to capture the national-popular imagination. A series of important research questions are raised in this article about the role of the media in public policy agenda-setting; the most significant being whether the negative news coverage and political response to the report signalled the end of New Labour's ‘post Lawrence’ attempts to re-imagine Britain as a twenty-first century multiethnic nation. In its account of the report's production to publication narrative, the article considers the continued power of the news media to confound and unsettle the plans of policy makers, academics, public relations companies and government ministers working on race matters. In the broader context in which the nature of the relationship between policy networks, social policy documents and the news media remains relatively under-scrutinised in both policy and media debates, the article explores how, and on what terms, policy makers can and do engage with the process of making race-related policy documents ‘known about’. Drawing on data collected through a qualitative study of the journey of the Parekh report into the public domain, this article analyses the news media strategy developed to launch and promote the report and reveals the limits of attempts to manage the news media. It argues that the report was destabilised not only by the news media and its political reception but by competing sets of demands that mystified the purpose of the Commission and its beneficiaries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 155-174 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287012000277462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287012000277462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:155-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049593_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammed Ishaq Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Ishaq Author-Name: Asifa Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Asifa Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Ethnic minority women and the British armed forces Abstract: The issue of women serving in the British Armed Forces is both a topical and a politically sensitive subject, particularly with regard to the question of whether they should be allowed to perform combat roles. Indeed the issue has increased in salience in the last few years in view of the strong emphasis the Blair government has placed on diversity issues, particularly those of racial diversity. This policy shift has been reinforced by the Ministry of Defence's commitment to attract more ethnic minorities to the labour market. The new policy direction has simultaneously refocused political attention on other equality issues such as gender and sexuality. It is this growing realisation within governmental circles, that if strategies to attract greater numbers of ethnic minorities are to be effective, minority women need to be recruited, which is of particular relevance to this article. In this article we explore the issue of the participation/non participation of ethnic minority women in the British Armed Forces through a large-scale qualitative survey of their perceptions of the institution. We then evaluate the capacity of the Armed Forces to recruit both ethnic minority men and women into the Armed Forces. The findings illustrate a much larger degree of support for joining the Armed Forces amongst minority women than one might have anticipated and clear evidence of a greater desire among minority women to participate more actively in the labour market. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 175-188 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287012000277471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287012000277471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:175-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049594_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tim Tenbensel Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Tenbensel Title: Does more evidence lead to better policy? Abstract: Does more evidence lead to better policy or might it lead to incoherence between the implications of different sources of evidence? This article raises the issue of the commensurability of different sources of evidence gathered in relation to a single, broad policy area, namely health prioritisation in New Zealand during the 1990s. In this case, different government agencies, all committed to gathering better evidence for policy on this issue, each gathered evidence leading to quite different policy implications. The article argues that working out how to handle divergent evidence is at least as important a task as gathering more evidence. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 189-207 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287012000277480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287012000277480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:189-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049595_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jason Heyes Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Heyes Author-Name: Alex Gray Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Title: Small firms and the national minimum wage Abstract: This article assesses the impact of the National Minimum Wage on small firms in the British hospitality, caring, retail, hairdressing and motor services industries. Drawing on a combination of survey and interview data, the study examines how firms’ pay and training practices have been affected by the introduction of the National Minimum Wage and subsequent changes in the level at which it is set. The different methods by which firms have sought to offset cost increases resulting from the minimum wage are explored. It is shown that quality-enhancement measures have, in some cases, coincided with steps to increase work intensity. The article also assesses the extent to which employers have offered ‘development’ wage rates to young workers and older employees in the first six months of employment and explores employers’ reasons for avoiding paying development wages. Finally, the article examines the processes through which pay is determined in small firms and various factors that influence wage offers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 209-225 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287012000277499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287012000277499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:209-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10049596_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vidal Llernas Author-X-Name-First: Vidal Author-X-Name-Last: Llernas Author-Name: Oscar Huerta Melchor Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Huerta Author-X-Name-Last: Melchor Title: Country profile Abstract: This country profile provides an overview of the administrative reform process in Mexico dating from the aftermath of the Mexican revolution to the present day. It largely focuses on a discussion of the ‘Stop–Go’ modernisation process that has characterised the De la Madrid (1982–1988), Salinas (1988–1994), Zedillo (1994–2000) and Fox (2000–) administrations. It argues that progress in administrative development has been bedevilled by political constraints emanating from processes of economic decline and renewal. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 227-236 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287012000277507 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287012000277507 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:227-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10047355_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin C. Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin C. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Tackling undeclared work in advanced economies Abstract: The aim of this article is to advance understanding on how to tackle undeclared work in advanced economies by synthesising the available empirical evidence on the character of such work and then exploring the implications of these findings for public policy. Conventionally, undeclared work has been depicted as concentrated amongst the marginalised and an exploitative organised form of employment that is a hindrance to development. In this article, each tenet in this portrait of the undeclared sphere is evaluated critically. This reveals that empirical studies have increasingly found undeclared work to be: concentrated in affluent populations; conducted on an autonomous or self-employed basis as well as on an organised basis; undertaken under social relations more akin to unpaid mutual aid as well as under employment-like relations; and composed of positive as well as negative consequences so far as its contributions to economic and social development are concerned. Given this re-reading of the nature of undeclared work, the article then evaluates the consequences for public policy. The outcome is a call for the currently dominant deterrence approach towards undeclared work to be supplemented with an enabling approach that seeks to facilitate its transfer into the legitimate realm. How this might be achieved in the light of the multifarious character of undeclared work is then outlined. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 243-258 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000288442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000288442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:243-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10047356_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Abbott Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott Author-Name: Sara Shaw Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Author-Name: Julian Elston Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Elston Title: Comparative analysis of health policy implementation: Abstract: Documentary analysis has been widely used in the comparative analysis of health care policy implementation in England. However, the value of the method is rarely debated, and the process whereby it is carried out rarely described in detail, or justified. Documentary analysis has obvious appeal. Documents may be the only source of data at an early stage of a policy innovation. They also present none of the problems (practical, ethical, interactive) of human subjects of research, and can provide a useful supplement to data collected from human subjects by other means. However, official documents are likely to be partial or superficial, representing aspirations rather than realities. The scope for analysis is therefore limited. Analysis may also tend to be positivist in philosophy, taking at face value the ‘apparent’ meanings of texts. It will be argued in this article, however, that a more interpretative analysis is also possible, when implied assumptions or underlying ideologies are identified and discussed. Thus, in the case of policy documents in the NHS, analysis may focus on one or more of three layers of meanings: those which are overt and explicit in the document; those which reflect the rhetoric of the policy environment and the government's intentions; and, those which reflect the ideology, usually implicit, underpinning policies at local and/or national level. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 259-266 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000288451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000288451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:259-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10047357_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dr Kingsley Purdam Author-X-Name-First: Dr Kingsley Author-X-Name-Last: Purdam Author-Name: Ms Elaine Mackey Author-X-Name-First: Ms Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Mackey Author-Name: Dr Mark Elliot Author-X-Name-First: Dr Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Elliot Title: The regulation of the personal Abstract: The growth in the collection of individual level data and its use as a means of accessing services, tackling crime, informing policy making and marketing products is changing the nature of identity. As more information is collected, each of us leave larger ‘identity footprints’ in a multitude of contexts. Though the streets we live in may be less personally connected, neighbours, colleagues, employers, service providers and the state are all able to know more about who we are and what we do. Consequently, the ways in which we see others and ourselves is changing. Recent legislation specifies a number of good practices in information handling but implicitly accepts the construction and use of massive individual-level record-keeping systems. There is only limited regulation of the use and monitoring of the accuracy of the information held on individual-level databases. Moreover, by linking data and using knowledge discovery techniques it is possible to impute additional information. Using an innovative form field analysis methodology, this article provides an insight into the scope of information gathering in the UK and considers its impact on identity formation. It argues that there is a pressing need for a wider public and academic debate about the impact of the growth in the use of individual level data. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 267-281 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000288460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000288460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:267-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10047358_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roger Pierce Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Pierce Title: Survey Abstract: From 1977 to 1979, Heather Clemenson conducted a sample survey of landowners listed in John Bateman's compilation of the Return of the Owners Land (1883/1971). Clemenson showed that more than 100 years after the Local Government Board published the Second Domesday census and despite their claims of near-extinction, half of her stratified sample of 500 ‘great English landowners’ continued to own their original estates and mansions. This article presents the findings of a reprise of her survey, which is reinforced with empiric data gathered from a case study of ‘Derwent’ in eastern Yorkshire in which narratives were obtained from a cross-section of residents of ‘closed’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘open’ villages in moorland, vale and wold villages including local landowners and other leading members of rural society. The findings reveal that nearly all of the landowners identified by Clemenson continue to own the surviving estates and indeed more than 40 per cent of the original sample of estates remain in the ownership of the same families identified by Bateman in 1873. Moreover, whilst the number of ‘great English landowners’ halved between 1873 and 1980, the area of land retained has only been reduced by a third. In addition, an extrapolation from the sample data reveals that 700 aristocratic landowners continue to own a tenth of the total land area of England. Whilst this acreage may appear small, it is larger than the combined estates in England of the Forestry Commission, the Ministry of Defence, the National Trust and the Crown Estate. Surviving landowners mainly attribute their survival to professional training in estate management and their commitment to modernisation. Moreover, management of estates is increasingly conferred on the most able and interested family members. Hence, title, ownership and management have become increasingly separated. The main instrument of estate survival remains ‘strict male primogeniture’ which may yet prove to be their undoing. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 283-294 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000288488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000288488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:283-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10047359_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dominique Vollet Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Author-X-Name-Last: Vollet Author-Name: Stéphane Weiss Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Weiss Author-Name: Brigitte Bouillaguet Author-X-Name-First: Brigitte Author-X-Name-Last: Bouillaguet Title: Continuous assessment and regional sustainable development policy in france Abstract: In 2000, as a response to rising social expectations in forest areas, a French region (the Limousin), in partnership with the State, initiated an innovative regional framework for establishing sustainable forest management. This initially involved the launch of two forestry programmes on a regional basis – the creation of a forestry charter for the Périgord-Limousin Regional Nature Park, and a programme of planned forestry management sponsored by the Limousin Regional Centre for Forest Property (CRPF). The broader aim of the regional framework was to establish a beacon of sustainable forestry management, which could be transferred elsewhere in France. The purpose of this article is to provide an evaluation of the utility of this regional sustainable development framework and, in particularly, the continuous assessment approach that was used as a key policy instrument for supporting collective learning amongst participants. The argument underpinning this aim is two-fold: first, to demonstrate the benefits of continuous assessment in helping to establish a sustainable development policy; and, second, to highlight the importance of a regional perspective in embedding an effective sustainable development policy. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 295-305 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144287042000288479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144287042000288479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:295-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048620_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonathan S Davies Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan S Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Title: THE SOCIAL EXCLUSION DEBATE: Abstract: This article explores the UK government's approach to combating social exclusion since 1997. It considers the philosophy and political economy underpinning New Labour's approach, and explains the policy prescriptions that follow from these principles. The government's social exclusion agenda has provoked a wide range of controversies and debates in the academic and political communities and the article explores key areas of contention. The story of New Labour's political economy of social exclusion is interspersed with discussion of eight controversies and dilemmas, representing a range of critical responses to Third Way thinking about social inclusion. It is concluded that New Labour's approach to social exclusion is contractarian, offering conditional access to the mainstream to outsiders. It is distinct from and in opposition to traditional socialist and social democratic politics. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 3-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500041561 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500041561 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:3-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048621_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pamela Abbott Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott Author-Name: Roger Sapsford Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Sapsford Title: LIVING ON THE MARGINS: Abstract: This article argues that in both policy and economic debates the specifically local experiences of older people living in deprived neighbourhoods have been ignored. It describes research undertaken in an area of material deprivation and low access to ‘social capital’, on the margins of Middlesbrough both geographically and socially. A health and lifestyle survey of older people in the area was supplemented by Community Futures Workshops at which residents discussed problems and solutions. Main concerns raised were a fear of crime and the need for better maintenance of the area, better transport and locally provided health services. Beyond this, residents spoke of a need for older people to be valued rather than relegated to the margins. Their experiences are contrasted with those of older people living in a materially advantaged neighbourhood to highlight the specific problems experienced as a product of social and geographical place. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 29-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500041660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500041660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:29-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048622_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Louise Humpage Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Humpage Title: EXPERIMENTING WITH A ‘WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT’ APPROACH: Abstract: This article bridges a gap in the literature by considering the application of a whole of government approach to indigenous issues in advanced economy societies. It highlights that indigenous disadvantage may be considered one of the ‘wicked problems’ to which whole of government approaches are best suited. Using the example of capacity building initiatives targeting indigenous peoples, it documents the mixed records of the New Zealand and Australian governments regarding whole of government coordination and collaboration. The article argues that a whole of government approach to capacity building allowed indigenous New Zealanders and Australians to develop their corporate governance capabilities. But conceptual limitations saw the notion of whole of government being used more as a management tool than an instrument of governance that could potentially address the long-standing political claims of indigenous New Zealanders and Australians. As a result, the jurisdictional governance issues central to indigenous desires for greater devolution of decision-making authority were not adequately addressed. In concluding that the whole of government represents yet another example of a generic policy discourse being applied to indigenous peoples, the article indicates that the relative disadvantage they face remains unlikely to be resolved until a conceptual framework for whole of government is developed which accounts for indigenous cultural and political specificity. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 47-66 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500041744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500041744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:47-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048623_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carol Hayden Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Hayden Author-Name: Catherine Blaya Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Blaya Title: CHILDREN ON THE MARGINS: Abstract: Children can be ‘on the margins’ in school in a variety of ways. The presenting issues are often conceptualised as ‘school disaffection’ and lack of ‘participation’ in school, although underlying social and economic inequalities are apparent in the groups of young people most affected. Other specific and related issues are complex and include bullying, learning difficulties, cultural difference and school ethos, as well as problems within the home environment. This article can only touch on this myriad of issues. The main point of this article is to compare the debates about school disaffection and lack of participation in school in England and France. It then contrasts the policy response. The article illustrates the similarities in terms of groups of children most likely to be viewed as disaffected or lacking in participation, but highlights differences in emphasis in ideas about the source of the problem and in some specific aspects of the policy response. Central to these differences is the role of schools and teachers in each country, as well as the nature of and expectations about citizenship. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 67-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500041827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500041827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:67-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048624_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eli Dutton Author-X-Name-First: Eli Author-X-Name-Last: Dutton Author-Name: Chris Warhurst Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Warhurst Author-Name: Dennis Nickson Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Author-X-Name-Last: Nickson Author-Name: Cliff Lockyer Author-X-Name-First: Cliff Author-X-Name-Last: Lockyer Title: LONE PARENTS, THE NEW DEAL AND THE OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS TO RETAIL EMPLOYMENT Abstract: The number of lone parents has increased considerably in recent years and the UK Labour Government has reacted by encouraging them to move from welfare and into work. This group face multi-dimensional and complex barriers to employment that the government has attempted to rectify through the introduction of various initiatives such as the National Childcare Strategy, the Working Families Tax Credit and the New Deal. The availability of appropriate employment opportunities is central to this strategy. Retail employment is perceived to be one such opportunity. This article examines the Glasgow supermarket sector as a suitable employer for clients of the New Deal for Lone Parents programme. The findings demonstrate that lone parents still experience significant barriers to work, even in a sector that is considered a viable employment option. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 85-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500041975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500041975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:85-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_10048625_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Title: PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING YOUTH POLICY: Abstract: This article begins by identifying how ‘youth’ are typically identified as inferior to adults and a section of the population that is intrinsically problematic and thus needing close management (Johns, 2003). This observation points to a dissonance between the popular narratives about our respect of young people on the one hand, and the reality that young people experience on the other. Popular accounts that tell how we have advanced in our attitudes and treatment of ‘youth’ continue in a policy context where in fact too many young people are systematically exploited, abused and discriminated against. The sustained poor treatment of this section of the population raises questions for those interested in policy, and youth policy in particular. Amongst these questions is: what can be done to prevent policies and practices that are harmful and which also fail to provide an environment in which young people can thrive as human beings? In this article attention is also given to liberalism and how it contributes to poor policy outcomes for young people. I argue for a departure from certain liberal assumptions that continue to inform youth policy making. To create this departure I draw on the work of Kant's moral thought and ‘developmental ethics’ produced by Nussbaum (2003) and Sen (1992) and suggest that a developmental ethic approach needs to be connected to an over-arching principle, that is, Kant's ‘categorical imperative’. Journal: Policy studies Pages: 103-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870500042031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870500042031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:103-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_163770_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bob Hudson Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson Title: CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S STRATEGIC PLANS Abstract: Children's services in England are undergoing the most radical transformation since 1948 following the Every Child Matters Green Paper and the subsequent Children Act of 2004. One of the new legislative requirements is for each locality to produce a Children and Young Person's Strategic Plan that will demonstrate how the new arrangements will be put into effect. This article explores this new obligation and assesses the extent to which it is likely to be effective. It looks at previous planning experiences in this field, examines the new context, and considers the extent to which a top-down implementation model can be effective. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 87-99 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600637912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600637912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:87-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_163774_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nives Miošić-Lisjak Author-X-Name-First: Nives Author-X-Name-Last: Miošić-Lisjak Title: Croatia and the European Union: Abstract: The liberal intergovernmentalist approach, with its emphasis on rational state behaviour in terms of optimizing economic benefits, through an asymmetric bargaining process, with state preferences shaped by domestic societal pressures, does not sufficiently explain Croatia's enthusiasm for European Union (EU) integration. This article advances three main arguments in support of this position. Firstly, it argues that the liberal intergovernmentalist approach is based on the analysis of the five major treaties which have characterised history making decisions in the EU and hence it privileges the perspective of ‘important’ states and is not equipped to explain the behaviour of Eastern European candidates and aspirants in the enlargement process. Secondly, it further argues that liberal intergovernmentalism does not take into account factors directly conditioning Eastern enlargement, least of all the Copenhagen criteria of 1993, which explicitly placed political criteria as the primary condition for starting accession negotiations. Finally, liberal intergovernmentalism overlooks another important element – the psychological factor of being a ‘part of Europe’, geographically, historically and culturally therefore wanting to belong. To overcome this weakness, social constructivism is presented as a valuable analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of European integration. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 101-114 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600637953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600637953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:101-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_163776_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Helena Lenihan Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Lenihan Author-Name: Mark Hart Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: EVALUATING THE ADDITIONALITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR ASSISTANCE TO IRISH FIRMS: Abstract: This article presents an innovative approach to estimating the additionality of financial assistance awarded to firms by an Irish regional development agency. The ‘self assessment approach’ is used to derive estimates of deadweight and displacement for firms in the Shannon region of Ireland. Irish studies have derived high estimates of deadweight by international standards. In light of this, and the fact that successive Irish governments have placed emphasis on Foreign Direct Investment as an engine for growth, the primary objective here is to address the question of whether the type of firm ownership matters with respect to resulting deadweight and/or displacement estimates. The latter question is addressed using logistic regression analysis to test whether, ceteris paribus, firm ownership is a key-determining factor for estimates of deadweight and/or displacement. The results show that ownership does not matter in the case of deadweight, but regarding displacement there are differences between indigenous and foreign-owned firms albeit at very low levels. More precisely, as expected, indigenously owned firms are more likely to lead to higher estimates of displacement. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600637979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600637979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:115-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_163778_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deborah Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Bronwyn Croxson Author-X-Name-First: Bronwyn Author-X-Name-Last: Croxson Author-Name: Adele Atkinson Author-X-Name-First: Adele Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson Title: “WHAT GETS MEASURED GETS DONE” Abstract: English secondary schools operate within a performance management system, which includes league tables reporting school performance across a number of indicators. This article reports the results of an interview-based study, showing that head teachers care about their school's place in the league tables, and that they believe this system affects behaviour. The effects they identify include some unintended consequences, not necessarily related to improved overall school performance, including focusing on borderline students who can boost a pivotal indicator: the number of students gaining five A*-Cs at GCSE. This behaviour reflects, in part, the dual role played by headteachers: they are both educationalists (serving the interests of all pupils); and school marketers, concerned with promoting the school to existing and prospective parents. The behaviour is also consistent with economic theory, which predicts a focus on that which is measured, potentially at the expense of that which is important, in sectors characterised by incomplete measurement, by multiple stakeholders and containing workers with diverse objectives. We conclude that, given that performance indicators do affect behaviour, it is important to minimise unintended consequences, and we suggest how the use of value-added indicators of student performance may improve both what gets measured and what gets done in secondary schools. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 153-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600637995 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600637995 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:153-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_172259_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrea Krizsán Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Krizsán Author-Name: Violetta Zentai Author-X-Name-First: Violetta Author-X-Name-Last: Zentai Title: GENDER EQUALITY POLICY OR GENDER MAINSTREAMING? Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyse some of the core conceptual and implementation issues underpinning the process of introducing gender mainstreaming strategy in Hungary. It examines the approach of Hungarian policy makers to gender mainstreaming and evaluates the political framing of some crucial aspects of gender equality. Our argument in this article is twofold. First, we observe that the concept of gender mainstreaming as a cross-sectoral and comprehensive policy tool for achieving gender equality has only been sporadically present and this has mostly been located at the rhetorical level. Hungary has no comprehensive gender equality strategy and no distinctive gender equality policy instruments currently in place. Rather, the promotion of equal opportunity on all grounds has become a powerful policy approach in the last two to three years, often neglecting the specific requirements of gender equality. Secondly, we argue that the influence of the European Union (EU) accession process has had two stages, as far as gender equality policy is concerned in Hungary. The first stage, has referred primarily to the de jure harmonization of Hungarian legislation with relevant EU directives, but has brought very little harmonization at the policy level, and brought limited de facto realization of the rights imposed by the directives. The second stage, identified from mid-2003, is coterminous with Hungary joining the different EU level policy processes. This second stage signaled a shift from legislative harmonization to a more focused policy approach. This stage may be characterized as a direct process of EU-isation on Hungarian policy concepts and tools, such as gender mainstreaming. However, it is too early to judge the practical implications of this development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 135-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600722912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600722912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:135-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_188522_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Burton Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Burton Title: MODERNISING THE POLICY PROCESS Abstract: In an increasingly complex world of interrelated problems many governments have tried to modernise their institutional structures and the ways in which they go about making policy. In the UK and elsewhere this has been most apparent in the growing emphasis given to evidence-based policy making in contrast to faith-based approaches and the conviction politics of earlier periods. Much of the debate about the impact and indeed value of this apparently new approach has focussed on the supply side of the equation: on the utilisation of research evidence and how researchers might make their work more relevant and useful to policy makers. Less attention has been paid in these debates to the different ways in which the nature of policy and policy making is conceptualised and how this might affect the relationship between research and policy. This article takes forward this debate by critically reviewing the theorisation of the policy/research relationship under three different conceptions of policy making: the stages model, the advocacy coalition framework and the argumentative turn. It considers the future of policy research via two questions: who should carry out policy research in which settings; and what skills do they need to do so more effectively? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-195 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600885974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600885974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:173-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_188523_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Williams Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Abstract: The South African post-apartheid constitution provides for community participation in the construction, implementation and evaluation of integrated development planning at local level. This article reviews and assesses community participation in practice drawing on the findings of a range of research projects conducted in Cape Town since 1994. It is argued that contemporary understanding of community participation in South Africa is informed by the memory of community struggle – a radical form of participation – against the racist apartheid State. This means that communities have a richly-textured history of strategic mobilization against exclusionary and discriminatory government practices at the local level. It is precisely this repertoire of radical strategies that can and should be revisited and adapted, to advance the interests of the materially marginalized communities at the local level. ‘People driven’ development programmes through Integrated Development Planning (IDP) in post-apartheid South Africa in general, and Cape Town in particular, have thus far been largely rhetorical and not substantive. Hence, the enduring challenge of the perennial question at the grassroots level remains – in whose interest is community participation really driven? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 197-217 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600885982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600885982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:197-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_188524_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Erik Bleich Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Bleich Title: INSTITUTIONAL CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Abstract: This article advances an integrated perspective on institutional continuity and change. It argues that continuity in informal institutions (such as norms or embedded ideas) can influence change in formal institutions (such as laws and written rules) when lesson-drawing from external sources becomes an informal institution, and when foreign exemplars inject new ideas into domestic debates. The history of race relations policies in Great Britain illustrates this dynamic. When British race institutions were established in the 1960s, they reflected the prevailing idea that British policies should incorporate lessons learned from North America. When Britain revisited its race relations provisions in 1976, policy experts looked to North America and found that much had changed there in the interim. They subsequently altered Britain's formal institutions to include US-inspired ‘race-conscious’ measures. By building bridges between scholarship on sociological institutionalism, lesson-drawing and policy transfer, and historical institutionalism, this article offers new insights into the dynamics of institutional change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 219-234 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600885990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600885990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:219-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_188525_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Roberge Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Roberge Title: MIDDLE-SIZED POWERS IN GLOBAL FINANCE Abstract: This article evaluates the impact of the market regulatory internationalisation of finance on domestic financial services sector policy-making in Canada and France. It is argued that internationalisation has had three main effects on the way policy in the financial services sector is elaborated. Firstly, the policy discourse is adjusted to take account of new international considerations. Secondly, policy options increasingly reflect the desire by decision-makers to render their national sector more competitive. Thirdly, the scope and influence of policy networks has increased in recent years leading to greater consultation between public and private sector actors in policy development. The article concludes that while new institutional parameters are influencing domestic policy-making processes, medium sized powers like Canada and France whose financial service sectors are closely associated with the United States and Europe respectively, are not constrained by internationalisation. Rather financial service policies are janus-faced reflecting both international and domestic considerations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 253-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600886006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600886006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:253-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_194978_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Evans Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: ‘WE DO NOT USE THE WORD “CRISIS” LIGHTLY …’ Abstract: At the turn of the twenty-first century, health professionals, the media and politicians identified ‘sexual health’ as a policy problem in the UK. Despite publication in 2001 of a National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV for England, in 2003 the House of Commons Health Committee issued a damning report on what they perceived to be the continuing ‘crisis’ in sexual health. The Committee described increasing rates of sexually transmitted infection and stubbornly high rates of teenage pregnancy among other issues. This article follows Hudson and Lowe (2004) in applying the distinction between macro, meso and micro levels of analysis, but particularly focuses on the meso level: ‘how policies come to be made, who puts them on the policy agenda and the structure of the institutional arrangements in which policy is defined and eventually implemented’. This article describes the ambiguous historical inheritance through which sexual health policy has been shaped, including the focus on sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy, and the emergence of a sexual health policy community. Continuing tensions and silences in policy are identified. The article argues that UK sexual health policy follows a cyclical pattern of neglect interspersed with occasional ‘crises’ resulting in narrowly disease focused incremental change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 235-252 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870600950679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870600950679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:235-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_200888_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dirk Haubrich Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Haubrich Author-Name: Iain McLean Author-X-Name-First: Iain Author-X-Name-Last: McLean Title: EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT Abstract: Compared with most other industrialised nations, the UK government places greatest weight on performance assessments of local authorities as a tool to ensure high levels of public service standards and efficiency of public spending in areas such as education, social services, housing, culture, and benefits administration. Annual comprehensive performance assessments (CPA), published by the Audit Commission for England, are now an integral part of the central–local government nexus. By contrast, Wales and Scotland have embarked on different routes in the post-devolution era and have developed assessment frameworks that are much less prescriptive, less intrusive, and more reliant on self-assessment. Drawing on 20 semi-structured elite interviews with auditors, auditees, and other stakeholders in the three nations, this article evaluates the lessons learned from the respective assessment regimes. It also assesses critically the plans to replace the English CPA system from 2008 onwards with a regime that emulates Wales and Scotland-style self-assessments carried out by auditees themselves. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 271-293 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601009939 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601009939 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:271-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_200895_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Monder Ram Author-X-Name-First: Monder Author-X-Name-Last: Ram Author-Name: Trevor Jones Author-X-Name-First: Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Dean Patton Author-X-Name-First: Dean Author-X-Name-Last: Patton Title: ETHNIC MANAGERIALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS: Abstract: Encouraging ethnic minorities to engage in a ‘culture of enterprise’ is a feature of New Labour's small-firm policy agenda. One manifestation of this is the increased activity on the part of ‘ethnic brokers’ involved in enterprise support. These developments appear to be detached from discussions in sociological circles alluding to the relational and contingent nature of ethnicity, and the concomitant inadequacy of racial categories that flourish in policy circles. This article examines how the notion of ‘ethnic minority businesses’ is constituted in policy and practice, and assesses how the tensions of working with fluid notions of ethnicity are handled. Through the medium of a case study undertaken in an ethnically diverse English city, the activities of a variety of different actors involved in a project on ‘ethnic minority businesses’ are assessed. The tensions inherent in working ‘with’ and ‘against’ categories of ethnicity in a policy context are reflected upon. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 295-309 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601010002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601010002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:295-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_200898_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Title: POLICY LEARNING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: Abstract: Mutual learning among the Member states is the primary purpose of the employment policy of the European Union. The two most important research questions in this regard are how learning occurs and how much learning takes place. In this article it is argued that existing studies of the effects of learning in the European Employment Strategy (EES) have been either determined by the donor's interests or have misunderstood how mutual learning between countries takes place. In contrast, this article develops a constructivist approach to learning and uses it to generate some concrete hypotheses about when learning in committees is most likely to take place. This constructivist approach is then used to analyse the institutional framework surrounding the EES in order to evaluate whether the potential for learning is optimal. Finally, the article concludes that even though some basic premises for learning have been fulfilled, the potential for mutual learning could and should be increased through the implementation of a range of concrete institutional reforms. Firstly, a range of professional and autonomous subcommittees that report to the Employment Committee (EMCO) should be established. Secondly, the EMCO should be given more time to discuss national action plans in meetings with more loosely defined agendas. Thirdly, cooperation should be concentrated around the areas where the differences in terms of policy performances among the Member states are greatest. Fourthly, the president of the EMCO should be given a more prominent role at the expense of the Commission. Finally, the members of the EMCO should in the main be recruited from directorates in the member states rather than minister's departments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 311-323 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601010036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601010036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:311-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_200899_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hans Wiklund Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Wiklund Title: SWEDISH DEMOCRACY IN CRISIS? Abstract: This article evaluates the democratic status of the established political institutions in the Swedish political system through an ‘intensive’ case study of deliberation in complex decision-making. More precisely, the decision-making process underpinning the first power transmission link between Sweden and Poland is reconstructed and assessed from a deliberative democratic perspective. The analysis is structured around an analytic approach derived from Jürgen Habermas's discursive conception of deliberative democracy. The research findings support earlier observations indicating the declining vitality of established institutions, and they suggest that Swedish democracy is in crisis. But the results also give reason to believe in a brighter future for Swedish democracy. The article observes that citizens are willing to devote considerable time and effort to politics, and that a devoted and well-informed local opposition was able to relatively successfully compete with the economic and social power of private enterprises and the administrative power of the Government and the state administration. The article further demonstrates that local opposition forced the private enterprises to introduce an alternative technology – a technology that, through a limited increase in costs, eliminated the major negative environmental impacts of the project. In other words, local mobilisation against the project resulted in the implementation of a more rational technology. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 325-346 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601010044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601010044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:325-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_200900_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Wright Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Author-Name: Jayne Parry Author-X-Name-First: Jayne Author-X-Name-Last: Parry Author-Name: Jonathan Mathers Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Mathers Author-Name: Su Jones Author-X-Name-First: Su Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Jim Orford Author-X-Name-First: Jim Author-X-Name-Last: Orford Title: ASSESSING THE PARTICIPATORY POTENTIAL OF BRITAIN'S NEW DEAL FOR COMMUNITIES: Abstract: Community participation is a key characteristic of the British Labour Government's New Deal for Communities (NDC). However, the National Evaluation reports serious difficulties involving local communities in the programme. This article assesses the NDC's potential as a site for bottom-up community participation by reviewing government policy guidance, programme notes and strategy documents. We identify themes and mechanisms within the programme that facilitate and limit participation. It is argued that if NDC is a community-led programme, it is community-led in the sense that government decides how the community will be involved, why they will be involved, what they will do and how they will do it. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 347-361 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601010051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601010051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:347-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_212065_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ida Widianingsih Author-X-Name-First: Ida Author-X-Name-Last: Widianingsih Author-Name: Elizabeth Morrell Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Morrell Title: PARTICIPATORY PLANNING IN INDONESIA Abstract: After three decades of authoritarian rule which discouraged citizen participation, Indonesia is slowly moving towards increased engagement between state and society. This is happening within the framework of decentralisation policies; although it is largely being driven by non governmental organisations. Although formal political structures have democratised, local level civic engagement is yet to increase significantly. Despite this, the Municipality of Solo in Central Java has initiated a collaborative development program which has been recognised as an exemplar of good practice by an international consortium for participatory planning. This article describes the background to Indonesian development policies, and examines the problems and successes experienced in the Solo program. Although increasing familiarity with inclusiveness, equity, and good governance is evident, tangible change remains largely elusive at the local level. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601121320 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601121320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_212072_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robin Gauld Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Gauld Title: PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Abstract: Principal-agent theory has provided a powerful and all-encompassing framework for public sector organisation. Its influence in New Zealand since the late-1980s has been particularly strong, despite questions over its appropriateness. This article discusses the case of health information management in New Zealand's health sector which, through the 1990s, endured several policy changes. One constant during this period was reliance on principal-agent theory-inspired organisation. The article illustrates how principal-agent theory failed to create an environment conducive to effective development of health information systems. By the end of the 1990s, when principals wanted collaboration in health care, information systems developed in the preceding competitive period, with no central coordination, were simply inadequate. Based on experiences outlined in the article, four areas are noted in which principal-agent theory may need revision. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 17-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601121395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601121395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:17-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_212075_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joanne Hughes Author-X-Name-First: Joanne Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes Author-Name: Andrea Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Miles Hewstone Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Hewstone Author-Name: Ed Cairns Author-X-Name-First: Ed Author-X-Name-Last: Cairns Title: SEGREGATION IN NORTHERN IRELAND Abstract: In Northern Ireland it is estimated that 35–40 per cent of Protestants and Catholics live in communities divided along ethno-sectarian lines, and some research suggests increasing segregation in recent years. A recent policy initiative to promote a ‘Shared Future’ acknowledges that the problems of residential segregation relate, at least in part, to endemic fear and sense of threat in divided communities. The research presented in this article reflects on this ‘psychological’ analysis of the problem through an exploration of the basis of negative emotional responses in two of Belfast's most segregated areas, and examines potential mediators of more positive responses towards the ‘outgroup’. The article concludes with policy recommendations for mitigating fear and anxiety associated with residential segregation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 33-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601121429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601121429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:33-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_212080_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Hudson Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson Author-Name: Stuart Lowe Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Author-X-Name-Last: Lowe Author-Name: Natalie Oscroft Author-X-Name-First: Natalie Author-X-Name-Last: Oscroft Author-Name: Carolyn Snell Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Snell Title: ACTIVATING POLICY NETWORKS Abstract: The contention posed by Rod Rhodes that policy is made and delivered by autonomous and self-organising policy networks is at the heart of many contemporary debates about the nature of policy and politics. However, while the concept has commanded considerable attention from policy theorists, case studies of how policy networks operate on the ground remain relatively rare. Further still, much of the empirical work has centred on testing relatively abstract claims about the nature of networks rather than thinking through their practical implications for governance. Here, we contrast the approaches taken by two English local authorities in seeking more participatory approaches to environmental policy-making. Building on the work of Kickert et al., we argue that – far from being self-organising – the form of policy networks can be strongly directed by the state through network activation strategies and, indeed, that strong state management of networks is required if policy-making is to proceed in a more inclusive manner. Indeed, we argue that when policy-making is viewed from a network governance perspective the most effective routes to participatory policy-making may rely heavily on manipulation strategies despite the fact that these are frequently described as weaker (or lower) forms of participation. This apparent compromise of participatory objectives may be required to ensure effective policy development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 55-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601121478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601121478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:55-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_212083_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ben Kisby Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Kisby Title: ANALYSING POLICY NETWORKS Abstract: This article argues that an ideational variant of David Marsh and Martin Smith's (2000) ‘dialectical’ model of policy networks adds significant value to their analysis by taking certain kinds of ideas, which Berman (1998) labels ‘programmatic beliefs’, seriously as independent, causal factors. It further contends that Marsh and Smith's approach moves beyond Marsh and Rod Rhodes's (1992) earlier structural model of interest group intermediation by focusing attention on both structure and agency and defends it against the rational choice critique advanced by Keith Dowding (2001). It observes, however, that Marsh and Smith's approach does not pay sufficient attention to the role of ideas in explaining policy-making, which should not be treated as mere rhetorical devices (Marsh & Smith, 2000), nor situated only at the macro, ideological level of paradigm shifts (Hay, 2004a). It argues instead for an approach to analysing policy-making that treats programmatic beliefs as independent variables, policy networks as intermediate variables, and policy outcomes as dependent variables. The article demonstrates the potential utility of such an approach by briefly examining David Toke and Marsh's (2003) analysis of policy change on the issue of GM crops in the UK, and suggests that in order to answer the question of why as well as how a policy was developed, it is often necessary to examine the programmatic beliefs motivating members of a policy network. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 71-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870601121502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870601121502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:71-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_230804_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Béland Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Béland Title: NEO-LIBERALISM AND SOCIAL POLICY Abstract: This article explores President George W. Bush's ‘ownership society’ blueprint in comparative and historical perspective. By taking the ‘ownership society’ seriously, it is possible to understand how it is rooted in the US's cultural repertoire, and how it offers a coherent neo-liberal discourse aimed at constructing the ‘need to reform’ existing social policy legacies in the sense of a greater reliance on private savings and home ownership. Although grounded in the US repertoire, President Bush's ‘ownership society’ is inspired by a foreign model: Thatcher's ‘popular capitalism’, another neo-liberal blueprint that featured a similar celebration of personal ownership. Discussing Thatcherism briefly before analysing the debate over President Bush's ‘ownership society’ in the fields of housing and pensions, this article explores the relationship between ideational processes and institutional legacies in policy-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 91-107 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701309023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701309023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:91-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_230806_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kath Hulse Author-X-Name-First: Kath Author-X-Name-Last: Hulse Author-Name: Wendy Stone Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Stone Title: SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION Abstract: Interest in the concept of social cohesion has waxed and waned since Durkheim's foundation studies at the end of the 19th century, with the greatest interest being in times of fundamental economic, social and political change. The term is used in at least two different ways: firstly, in a policy context, to indicate the aims of, and rationale for, certain public policy actions; and secondly, as an analytical construct to explain social, political and sometimes economic changes. This article focuses on the first of these and traces the recent usage of social cohesion, spanning its take-up and influence within the Canadian policy environment, through to its usage (or otherwise) across liberal welfare regimes such as the UK, the US, Australia and New Zealand, and contrasting these experiences with its application in European institutions. The differential usage across these geopolitical settings is highlighted. Drawing upon Esping-Andersen's welfare state typology, and an explicit acknowledgement of national differences in relation to ethnic and cultural diversity, various explanations for these differences are discussed and their policy consequences explored. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 109-128 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701309049 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701309049 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:109-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_230808_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Burgess Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Burgess Author-Name: Carol Propper Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Propper Author-Name: Deborah Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL CHOICE IN ENGLAND Abstract: The British government has placed the extension of school choice at the centre of its education reform programme for its third term in office. Those promoting choice make an appeal to a simple economic argument. Competitive pressure helps make private firms more efficient and consumer choice acts as a major drive for efficiency. Giving parents the ability to choose applies competitive pressure to schools and, analogously with private markets, it is assumed they will raise their game to attract business. This article subjects this assumption to the scrutiny provided by the theoretical and empirical economic evidence on school choice, and then uses the evidence to examine the potential impact of current policies to extend choice being proposed by the Labour government. The key question we address is whether policies that extend choice will improve educational outcomes and, if so, under what circumstances. We reach three main conclusions. First, increasing school choice will create losers as well as winners. Second, flexibility in the supply of school places is crucial to the success of a policy to extend school choice. Third, the role of peer groups partly determines the effects of school choice. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 129-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701309064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701309064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:129-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_230810_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Croucher Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Croucher Author-Name: Geoff White Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: ENFORCING A NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE Abstract: This article reports on indicative research examining the effectiveness of the British government's National Minimum Wage enforcement, a subject not previously investigated. The law, it has been argued, largely provides the tools needed for effective enforcement. Employer compliance levels as measurable from government statistics are, however, unclear and there are therefore no solid grounds for assuming that the current balance between employer ‘self regulation’ and enforcement is appropriate. The research reveals significant problems with the enforcement process; only a minority of workers in our sample received their legal rights without detriment. For many workers, the process entailed significant costs. The current system of ‘light touch’ self-regulation, may not be suitable where vulnerable workers without the support of any collective representation, are concerned. Recommendations for improvements in the enforcement process are made but we also note the relevance of the national political context for ensuring that the regulatory body has sufficient support to operate effectively. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 145-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701309080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701309080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:145-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_231110_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jerold Waltman Author-X-Name-First: Jerold Author-X-Name-Last: Waltman Author-Name: Christopher Marsh Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: MINIMUM WAGES AND SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES Abstract: Are minimum wage policies substitutes for or complements to expenditure oriented social welfare policies? We address this research question from a cross national perspective through the utilization of OECD data. We find that countries with high levels of expenditure on traditional social welfare policies are decidedly less likely to have any type of minimum wage policy than lower spending nations. However, we also find that there is a strong correlation between the level of the minimum wage and the percentage of GDP spent on social welfare among countries that have minimum wage policies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 163-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701312092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701312092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:163-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_231111_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adrian Kay Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Kay Author-Name: Badrul Kassim Author-X-Name-First: Badrul Author-X-Name-Last: Kassim Author-Name: David Pickernell Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Pickernell Author-Name: David Brooksbank Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Brooksbank Title: NEGOTIATING AN EXCEPTION Abstract: What happens to a regulatory regime when the company that it has been designed to regulate radically changes form? We examine the case of Glas Cymru (GC), which was set up in 2001 and is unique within the England and Wales water industry in being entirely debt financed and operated on a not-for-profit basis. The article argues that the Office for Water Services (Ofwat) has been able to accommodate GC successfully as a unique case within an extant regulatory regime designed for shareholder controlled, for-profit water companies. It has been able to do so because of the confluence of financial and political factors: a low purchase price for GC at the end of 2000 and all-party support for the GC model in the National Assembly for Wales. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 175-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701312100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701312100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:175-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_243623_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tom Entwistle Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Entwistle Author-Name: Gareth Enticott Author-X-Name-First: Gareth Author-X-Name-Last: Enticott Title: WHO OR WHAT SETS THE AGENDA? Abstract: Based on a case study of the implementation of England's Local Public Service Agreements (LPSAs) – a funding stream which allowed local authorities to target approximately £1.5 billion at pressing social problems – this article considers the relative importance of internal and external forces on the agenda setting process. Our data suggests that despite the coincidence of events which put rural issues firmly on the media and public agendas in 2000–2003, in the low profile and arcane world of LPSAs, agenda setting was heavily influenced by the technical criteria negotiated between central and local government officials. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 193-208 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701437410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701437410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:193-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_243625_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ellen Huijgh Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: Huijgh Title: DIVERSITY UNITED? Abstract: Against the backdrop of the Lisbon targets of ‘economic growth and cohesion’, cultural industries are high on the European Union's (EU) policy agenda. To unleash the ‘Lisbon potential’ of the cultural industries, the establishment of a customized European cultural industries policy is required. It will be difficult to develop such an overarching policy, which must accommodate both profit and non-profit organizations in different cultural sectors that were until recently covered by the member states’ cultural policies or that had evolved in the context of the common market. The cultural industries’ intertwined cultural and economic interests, absence of an accepted common description and the many general and sectoral EU rules that are applicable result in conflicting viewpoints that set the different EU institutions and their departments at odds with one another. Through in-depth policy analysis, this article provides a framework from which to initiate debate on the creation of a European cultural industries policy. It contains an overview of the status quo on the cultural industries (the debate, the definition and the regulations applicable) and an assessment of the situation (the contradictions). Forecasts are then drawn for possible future tendencies of an EU policy for cultural industries. Finally, it will be argued that the scope and hierarchy of the rules and agreements in force will be decisive for the EU's approach towards the cultural industries. The article concludes by arguing that despite the EU's rhetoric about ‘cultural diversity’, in the light of negotations within the World Trade Organization (WTO), a European cultural industries policy will be predominantly an employment policy instead of a cultural policy. It is primarily driven by economic growth and cohesion, making national cultural policy considerations subordinate to common-market objectives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 209-224 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701437436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701437436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:209-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_243626_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Ramsden Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Ramsden Author-Name: Robert Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Crispian Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Crispian Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Title: LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AND THE TRANSITION FROM TRAINING AND ENTERPRISE COUNCILS TO NEW INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES IN ENGLAND Abstract: Current British government economic development policy emphasises regional and sub-regional scale, multi-agent initiatives that form part of national frameworks to encourage a ‘bottom up’ approach to economic development. An emphasis on local multi-agent initiatives was also the mission of Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). Using new survey evidence this article tracks the progress of a number of initiatives established under the TECs, using the TEC Discretionary Fund as an example. It assesses the ability of successor bodies to be more effective in promoting local economic development. Survey evidence is used to confirm that many projects previously set up by the TECs continue to operate successfully under new partnership arrangements. However as new structures have developed, and policy has become more centralized, it is less likely that similar local initiatives will be developed in future. There is evidence to suggest that with the end of the TECs a gap has emerged in the institutional infrastructure for local economic development, particularly with regard to workforce development. Much will depend in future on how the Regional Development Agencies deploy their growing power and resources. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 225-245 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701437444 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701437444 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:225-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_243638_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rob Aitken Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Aitken Title: CEMENTING DIVISIONS? Abstract: This article analyses the ethnic implications of peace-building policies and institutional design in recent international interventions. International interventions and peace-building efforts emphasize the importance of reconciliation and representative government. However, based on evidence derived primarily from the interventions in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Afghanistan and Iraq, it is argued here that policies pursued by international agencies to achieve an end to violence and rebuild institutions have had the unintended consequence of reinforcing ethnic identities and cementing ethnic divisions. Ethnicity is a dynamic identity whose salience and meaning can change over time. ‘Ethnic conflicts’ are conflicts which have become highly ethnicized; ethnicity has not only been politicized but has also become the predominant political identity rather than one of many crosscutting identities. Despite the dynamic character of ethnicity, international peace-building policy-makers have too often assumed the existence of discrete groups with relatively fixed ethnic identities. Institutional designs intended to promote representative government and manage ethnic conflict have institutionalized ethnicity as a key resource in political competition. International interventions have thus continued and extended processes of ethnicization that take place in ethnic mobilization and conflicts. In conclusion, the article examines alternative approaches that might minimize the risk of institutionalizing and perpetuating ethnic politics in post-conflict situations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 247-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701437568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701437568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:247-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_243645_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anwar Tlili Author-X-Name-First: Anwar Author-X-Name-Last: Tlili Author-Name: Sharon Gewirtz Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Gewirtz Author-Name: Alan Cribb Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Cribb Title: NEW LABOUR'S SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MUSEUM Abstract: This article examines the ways in which recent UK governments and related policy agencies have extended, multiplied and refracted conceptions of the social function of museums. It observes that over the last ten years in particular policy discourses have continuously layered ever greater and ever more diverse expectations onto the museum sector and museum professionals. It is no longer sufficient for museums to work with their collections, nor even for them to focus upon their own problems or shortcomings (e.g. of unequal access) and seek to resolve them. Museums are increasingly being expected to orient their work towards what can be described as social policy objectives, and work with and help ‘fix’ the problems of individuals, communities and the broader society around them. It is argued that although official policies have always constructed museums as social and ethical instruments, New Labour policy discourses on museums have redefined them as a public service, with social inclusion as one of their central functions. The article brings into question the coherence and feasibility of this partly reconfigured and partly re-imagined museum sector and assesses its implications. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 269-289 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701437634 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701437634 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:269-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263905_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Lisa De Propris Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: De Propris Title: EDITORIAL Journal: Pages: 291-294 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:291-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263911_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Hart Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: EVALUATING EU REGIONAL POLICY Abstract: This article presents a challenge to the ways in which EU regional policy has been evaluated in the past. Given the complexity of the ‘policy framework’ and its objectives, it is argued that existing evaluation methodologies are not only inappropriate but create a real risk of misleading policy-makers in their search for identifying which programmes and initiatives are the most effective in tackling the scale of regional disparity that exists across the European Union. For example, the search for an ‘average effect’ of intervention, whether in terms of jobs created or GVA generated, does not adequately recognise the context within which policy operates. The article argues that only by attempting to adopt a realist evaluation framework can the discourse on effective regional policy be advanced. Examples are provided from a body of work on the evaluation of business support interventions in the UK as well as a broader study of the way in which regulations impacts upon firm performance and growth. This methodological approach provides an opportunity for the evaluator to identify the causal mechanisms which connect the range of policy interventions and their outcomes. In brief, it has greater potential to inform the policy-maker as to what works and, more importantly, in what contexts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 295-308 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640666 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640666 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:295-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263913_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Bachtler Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Bachtler Author-Name: Grzegorz Gorzelak Author-X-Name-First: Grzegorz Author-X-Name-Last: Gorzelak Title: REFORMING EU COHESION POLICY Abstract: The aim of this article is to reassess the effectiveness of Cohesion policy. It examines the evidence for the performance of the policy since 1988, with a view to testing four main assumptions: that convergence is taking place at national and regional levels; that Cohesion policy has made a durable contribution to convergence and regional restructuring, in terms of GDP and employment; that Cohesion policy funds have been spent in the most effective way; and that there is a wider added value from Cohesion policy spending. The article goes on to consider issues for the budget review and how the effectiveness of Cohesion policy at the European level might be improved. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 309-326 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:309-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263914_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lisa De Propris Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: De Propris Title: RECONCILING COHESION AND COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH EU CLUSTER POLICIES? Abstract: This article examines the compatibility of the Lisbon objectives with the EU's long-standing concerns for social, economic and territorial cohesion. In particular, the Commission's policy agenda has been driven since the reform of the Structural Funds in the late 1980s by the concern to improve regional welfare in view of enabling socio-economic convergence across regions and Member States, and, with the introduction of the Lisbon Agenda, of contributing to EU overall competitiveness in the global economy. The article argues that the tension between the (micro-economic element of the) growth and jobs agenda, and the long-standing socio-economic cohesion aims cannot be solved by policies that target either sectors or regions, but can be better reconciled with renewed attention to creating, nourishing, and strengthening immobile factors of local development and competitiveness especially for lagging regions. This would imply ‘bottom–up’ cluster policies aimed at improving the welfare of socio-economic communities by creating the conditions for the systemic and integrated functioning of their socio-institutional-economic activities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 327-345 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:327-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263917_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leslie Budd Author-X-Name-First: Leslie Author-X-Name-Last: Budd Title: A COHESION PACT FOR THE REGIONS Abstract: The Lisbon Agenda of 2000 and the supporting Sapir and Kok Reports have set the parameters of economic policy in the European Union (EU) in the medium term. The asymmetric regime of economic governance locks manifold regions and industries into an inflexible and unbalanced policy environment so that the objectives of Lisbon may be difficult to achieve. The monetary straitjacket of the euro, buttressed by the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) fiscal conditions, limits the degree to which competitiveness and cohesion may be delivered, particularly in an expanded Union. This article explores these issues of economic governance in the EU in order to investigate the possibility of a ‘cohesion pact for the regions’ which places a more comprehensive industrial policy as the fulcrum for achieving a better balance between growth and cohesion. Operating within an Open Method of Coordination (OMC) framework and by linking industrial policy instruments to a system of fiscal federalism, a more flexible and balanced regime of economic governance may ensue, one in which the ambitious objectives of the Lisbon Agenda may start to be achieved or at least moved towards more efficaciously. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 347-363 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:347-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263919_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christos Pitelis Author-X-Name-First: Christos Author-X-Name-Last: Pitelis Title: EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL AND COMPETITION POLICY Abstract: This article discusses alternative perspectives on competition and industrial policies (IP) in theory and in practice and critically assesses recent European IP in this context. It develops a new framework for IP that emphasises the sustainability of value creation at the firm, meso and national levels, and explores its implications for IP in general and European IP in particular. It views current EU policies as a step in the right direction, but argues that they need to pay more attention to the issue of sustainability, the link between corporate and public governance, and the impact of different power structures and hierarchies of agencies on industrial policies for sustainable value creation. The limitations of self-monitoring and diversity suggest the need for an international competition and regulatory policy organisation, along the lines of the WTO. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 365-381 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640740 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640740 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:365-381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_263920_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Alex De Ruyter Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: De Ruyter Title: GLOBALISATION, ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING Abstract: This article links the radical institutionalist approaches of Tool and Dugger with the strategic choice perspective to better understand the linkages between freedom, knowledge and participation in the context of a global economy dominated by transnational firms. A concern by economists with ‘negative’ freedom has been challenged by a renewed interest in the ‘positive’ dimension, drawing on Sen's pioneering work on capabilities. The authors argue that overemphasis on either type of freedom could lead to strategic failure. Economic freedom thus constitutes consideration of what type(s) of freedom are emphasised, where freedom resides within the system, and how freedoms are realised. Public policy responses are then seen as appropriate in a globalising economy dominated by negatively free strategic decision-makers within transnational firms, tackling both the nature of the firm itself as well as the environment within which such decisions are made. This would constrain negative freedom for some so as to expand freedoms for others, enabling a more democratic form of globalisation to better serve the interests of a wider set of actors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 383-398 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701640757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701640757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:383-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284940_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tony Chapman Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Chapman Author-Name: Judith Brown Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Robert Crow Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Crow Title: Entering a brave new world? An assessment of third sector readiness to tender for the delivery of public services in the United Kingdom Abstract: The British government's intention to marshal the significant resource of the third sector to meet its social objectives has recently become an issue of significant political salience. Political enthusiasm for the third sector is based on the assumption that third sector organisations will be prepared to tender for contracts to deliver public services for government from local to a national level. Until now, there has been no evidence available for systematic analysis of readiness to tender in the third sector. This article makes a starting point in filling the knowledge gap by reporting on a quantitative study of 400 third sector organisations in North East England. The evidence presented casts doubt on the willingness, capability and capacity of the third sector organisations to engage with the government's contracting agenda. A research agenda is outlined to help identify which organisations are most likely to build the capacity and capability to engage in contract work in the future. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701847998 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701847998 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284941_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eugénia da Conceição-Heldt Author-X-Name-First: Eugénia Author-X-Name-Last: da Conceição-Heldt Title: Pension reforms in France: the role of trade unions and the timing of the electoral cycle Abstract: The French political system tends to produce strong governments backed by stable majorities in parliament. Despite this, even governments with a large parliamentary majority have been reluctant to reform the pension system. This article argues that the degree of difficulty in passing pension legislation depends on the mobilization capacity of trade unions and on the timing of the electoral cycle. First, this article tries to demonstrate how trade unions matter in France and under what conditions they might cause governments to abstain from making welfare cuts. Second, it is argued that focusing solely on the veto power of trade unions appears implausible, since during the 2003 pension reform process the government ignored union protests. Hence it is further argued that a further critical variable needs to be investigated – the timing of the electoral cycle. It is therefore anticipated that governments will be more successful in passing legislation that implements unpopular reforms in the first two and a half years of a legislative period. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 19-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:19-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284942_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Derek Birrell Author-X-Name-First: Derek Author-X-Name-Last: Birrell Title: Devolution and quangos in the United Kingdom: the implementation of principles and policies for rationalisation and democratisation Abstract: Much attention has been paid to the asymmetrical features of devolution between Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland but the relationship of non-departmental public bodies and other quangos to the new devolved institutions presented a largely similar challenge and produced a degree of convergence in policies. This article examines why quangos and their position in the distribution of governance was a particularly salient issue in the context of devolution and led to the adoption of similar policies aimed at a rationalisation and democratisation of quangos. The article focuses on the implementation of these policies and identifies the limited outcomes, the constraints on a more comprehensive redistribution of the functions of quangos in the three countries and the possibility of achieving some of the policy objectives without radical restructuring. It also examines the difficulties in formulating principles to determine which functions are appropriate for delegation to quangos within devolved systems of government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:35-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284943_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ronald Hall Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Ellen Whipple Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: Whipple Author-Name: Cynthia Jackson-Elmoore Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson-Elmoore Title: ‘Blaming the victim’ child-focused Western law: implications of evidence-based policy-making for the rescue of Black families Abstract: ‘Blaming the victim’ policies remain largely intact under the façade of family law and policy construction. Based on empirical evidence, lack of employment for Black men is a major factor in their inability to sustain the Black family as a functional unit. The existence of child-focused family laws has had a devastating effect upon the construction of family policies vis-à-vis Black men. Evidence-based policy-making (EBPM) is intended to provide a means for creating legislation independent of politics. EBPM is predicated on the most rigorous scientific evidence available from recognized experts in relevant fields. Accordingly, policy-makers loyal to the Black family may simultaneously rescue its children and play a pivotal role in its viability. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 51-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:51-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284946_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Warhurst Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Warhurst Title: The knowledge economy, skills and government labour market intervention Abstract: The development of the knowledge economy is common policy across all levels of government across the advanced economies. This article recognises the weaknesses inherent in this policy but, based on a critical analysis of the skill needs and skill formation of this economy, it outlines how, if such a policy is to be pursued, it might be better achieved. It first argues that government policy has become centred on an orthodoxy featuring a particular set of ‘thinking skills’ formed through the institutions of higher education – universities. This approach results in an exclusive knowledge economy and is, in effect, creating an over-supply of graduates. The article then outlines other, more inclusive accounts of the knowledge economy that recognise the need for a broader range of skills and which direct government policy towards intervention in the labour market through other institutions through which these skills might be formed – the family and trade unions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 71-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:71-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284950_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Zarkin Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Zarkin Title: Organizational learning in novel policy situations: two cases of United States communications regulation Abstract: During the last three and a half decades, a growing body of scholarship has characterized policy-making as a process of ‘learning’. Recent scholarship has further suggested that a more narrow focus on organizational learning – learning within specific types of governing bodies – might provide greater analytical and methodological precision. While scholars of organizational learning disagree about some of the specifics, most agree that organizations learn when they successfully acquire and use knowledge to alter policy outputs, worldviews, or both. Thus, a major goal of recent learning scholarship has been to better understand the factors that shape knowledge acquisition and utilization under a variety of circumstances. The purpose of this article is to build on the literature by further clarifying the factors that facilitate organizational learning under conditions of policy novelty and scientific uncertainty. It is argued that three principal factors – analogical reasoning, knowledge acquisition strategies, and mental frames – interact to determine whether or not organizations can learn in such situations. A series of theoretical propositions relating to these factors are outlined and then applied to two contrasting cases of US communications regulation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 87-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:87-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_284952_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Timo Välilä Author-X-Name-First: Timo Author-X-Name-Last: Välilä Title: ‘No policy is an island’ – on the interaction between industrial and other policies Abstract: In considering industrial policy from the perspective of other economic policies, this article seeks to identify the sources and consequences of conflict between industrial, competition, trade and fiscal policies. It is observed that the goals of industrial policy, even when economically justified, are often in conflict with competition and trade policy goals. Industrial policy also lacks its own independent instruments and fiscal policy instruments are frequently used and often economically optimal for implementing industrial policy. This can create policy conflict even when the goals themselves are independent. For these reasons, the cost of industrial policy is often the sacrifice of some other policy goal. It is argued that this interdependence narrows the scope for economically sensible industrial policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 101-118 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870701848111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870701848111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:101-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303502_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roberta Adami Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Author-X-Name-Last: Adami Author-Name: Orla Gough Author-X-Name-First: Orla Author-X-Name-Last: Gough Title: Pension reforms and saving for retirement: comparing the United Kingdom and Italy Abstract: Increasing longevity and falling fertility rates have prompted European policymakers to shift the responsibility for retirement funding to individuals. Governments, independently of their political ideologies, are committed to sustainable pension systems by encouraging private saving for retirement. This article uses a quantitative approach to investigate individual saving behaviour in Italy and in the UK and present evidence of the factors determining saving for retirement in the two countries. We question whether differences in pension policies and attitudes are accentuated or lessened by common demographic and social factors and examine the possibility of cross-national saving policies. Our analysis suggests that cohorts identified by homogeneous demographic features present converging perceptions across both countries, by acknowledging the need to save for retirement and the insecurity of future state pensions. However, our findings also show that English respondents make use of private saving for their retirement significantly more than their Italian counterparts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 119-135 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:119-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303506_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jacquelyn Crane Author-X-Name-First: Jacquelyn Author-X-Name-Last: Crane Author-Name: Frederick Crane Author-X-Name-First: Frederick Author-X-Name-Last: Crane Title: The adoption of electronic medical record technology in order to prevent medical errors: a matter for American public policy Abstract: This article argues that public policy should address the use of electronic medical records (EMRs) as a way to ensure patient safety in the United States. The article discusses the scope and nature of the medical error problem in the United States, causes of medical errors and the use of EMRs as a solution to the problem. Research has shown that EMRs can be an effective tool in reducing preventable medical error. It is therefore argued that the widespread diffusion of EMRs should be a matter of American public policy given the demonstrated socioeconomic benefits of the technology. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 137-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:137-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303510_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dean Stroud Author-X-Name-First: Dean Author-X-Name-Last: Stroud Author-Name: Peter Fairbrother Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Fairbrother Title: Training and workforce transformation in the European steel industry: questions for public policy Abstract: The Lisbon process is aimed at laying the foundation for a dynamic, flexible and inclusive European Union (EU) economy. It is within this context, amid wider processes of restructuring and ‘modernization’, that traditional industries, such as steel, are engaged in transforming their skill base and creating a more diverse workforce. In this process, corporate management has a decisive role in reshaping the steel workforce, in the process exploiting the intersections between different aspects of policy. Our contention in this article is that EU policy prescriptions for transformation, aimed at fostering social cohesion and inclusion, are undone by corporate management strategies. In turn, national policy (on vocational education and training, for example) struggles to influence historically entrenched practices that operate at the sector level (such as on training and learning), which leaves some workers vulnerable to industry restructuring processes and at risk of social exclusion. Hence companies are able to restructure on their own terms, with workers’ representatives seemingly unable to intervene in effective ways. The analysis that follows thus focuses on the tensions between national and supra-national policy making in the EU, and, within this context, sector policy and practice and the role of corporate management in shaping work and employment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 145-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:145-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303513_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carol Hayden Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Hayden Author-Name: Gavin Hales Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Hales Author-Name: Chris Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Author-Name: Dan Silverstone Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Silverstone Title: Young men convicted of firearms offences in England and Wales: an exploration of family and educational background as opportunities for prevention Abstract: Preventing and reducing gun crime1 is recognized to be a complex issue. This article draws upon interviews with 80 young men in England and Wales convicted of firearms offences. The focus of the article is on the family and educational background of these young men as a backdrop to exploring opportunities for longer-term prevention, as part of wider concerted action to reduce the use of guns in criminal activity in Britain. With a few notable exceptions, interviews with the offenders in this study illustrate that they had grown up in disrupted family environments, under-achieved and been excluded from mainstream education and had poor work histories in legitimate employment. The research also shows that the distinction between victims and offenders was blurred. The article highlights the poverty and inequality characteristics of communities where gun crime is a significant problem. It is argued that it is worth considering what is already known about family- and school-based programmes that focus on reducing violent and aggressive behaviour as part of the response to the growing problem of gun crime in Britain. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 163-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:163-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303514_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Nedergaard Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nedergaard Title: The reform of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy: an advocacy coalition explanation Abstract: This article addresses the core research question – how can we understand the policy processes leading to the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform? It utilizes the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) perspective as an explanatory framework for these purposes in a European Union (EU) policy area which normally lies outside ACF applications. In the ACF, it is assumed that advocacy coalitions will resist information that challenges the policy core beliefs of decision actors. This characteristic is even stronger in semi-federalist systems such as the EU. Hence, a high degree of consensus is required to change the policy core, as was the case with the 2003 CAP reform. The article shows that the ACF can be expanded to explain the CAP reform. It also demonstrates that the preconditions identified by the ACF for a successful consensus process were fulfilled in the reform process. The onset of the BSE crisis and the emergent international trade negotiations meant that the status quo was no longer unacceptable. Most of the negotiations leading up to the CAP reform were held in private and took a great deal of time. Commissioner Fischler was willing to act as facilitator in the process and strove to make the reform process as non-normative as possible. However, in order to accommodate the criticism of the ACF for not taking collective action problems serious, it is also observed that new forms of non-trivial coordination occurred, namely discursive coordination, which became the most frequently used form of coordination during the 2003 CAP reform process and which is much less problematic as far as collective action problems are concerned. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 179-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033464 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033464 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:179-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303517_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Title: From ‘harm minimization’ to ‘zero tolerance’ drugs policy in Australia: how the Howard government changed its mind Abstract: This article utilizes a case study of Australian drug policy under the Howard Federal Government to demonstrate the value of discourse theory for policy studies. Particular attention is given to the role of metaphor and Lakoff's work on moral politics to examine how the problem of illicit drugs was framed as a prelude to the implementation of a ‘zero tolerance’ drug policy. Policy documents are analysed to show how language is deeply political and integral to the shaping of the policy agenda. Thus, rather than seeing policy-making as a straightforward process whereby policy-makers come to know about the social problems or the natural world empirically, the approach used in this article indicates the value in investigating the generative role of language and how that informs policy. In short, this article analyses how language and particular frameworks are used in policy-making communities to persuade various audiences to see ‘the drug problem’ in a particular way and to encourage support for a particular course of action. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 197-214 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:197-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303519_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Vickers Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Vickers Title: Better regulation and enterprise: the case of environmental health risk regulation in Britain Abstract: Proposals for ‘better regulation’ and the policy dynamics behind them are examined with respect to the implications for the regulation of environmental health risks in smaller enterprises in Britain. Although better regulation has involved a fluid and rapidly changing discourse across the European Union, the regulatory reform agenda has recently refocused on competitiveness, simplification of targets and the reduction of administrative burdens on businesses. A review of the evidence base on the impact of regulation on business performance and the compliance behaviour of enterprises suggests that proposals relating to environmental health in Britain have been overly influenced by ‘red tape’ discourse which lends disproportionate weight to claims relating to regulatory burdens and underplays the benefits of regulation. Questions are raised with respect to some key aspects of better regulation: the policy to shift resources from enforcement to education; the limitations of comprehensive risk assessment applied to targeting enforcement; uncertainties relating to the potential of alternative means of achieving compliance and the adoption of good practice; and the over-emphasis in simplification exercises on the achievement of narrowly defined cost savings. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 215-232 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033514 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:215-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_303521_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Magnus Dahlstedt Author-X-Name-First: Magnus Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlstedt Title: Now you see it, now you don't: reconsidering the problem of representation Abstract: The article reconsiders the problem of representation. Processes of representation, it is argued, not only take place in the arena of official politics, but are also being conducted in other social arenas, albeit in different forms. In order to understand the problem of representation faced by contemporary democracy, we must thus develop alternative approaches that proceed from a broad view of politics, that place more emphasis on the symbolic dimensions of politics, and that scrutinize the borderlands between politics and culture. In this article, a framework for such an approach to representation is presented, building on the traditions of both political and cultural studies. According to the approach outlined, representation may be viewed not only as an institutionally constrained praxis, but also as more generally applicable symbolic–communicative practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 233-248 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802033530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802033530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:233-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316150_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. Beer Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Beer Author-Name: H. Thomas Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: A tale of two cities: auto plant closures and policy responses in Birmingham and Adelaide Journal: Pages: 249-253 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:249-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316151_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ho Yeon Kim Author-X-Name-First: Ho Yeon Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Philip McCann Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: McCann Title: Supply chains and locational adjustment in the global automotive industry Abstract: This paper helps to set the scene for this special issue on automotive restructuring and policy responses. It starts by providing a brief introduction to the different inventory and supply-chain management approaches dominant within the industry at different stages of its evolution, before moving on to outline the spatial implications of these different approaches. The paper then presents a transactions–costs conceptual framework for analysing key features of the auto manufacturing and supply-chain system, using a taxonomy approach. The paper concludes by highlighting the spatial and policy implications for the auto industry which arise from such a transactions–costs analysis. Interestingly, the logic of both a transactions–costs approach and a consideration of knowledge spillovers both point towards the increasing spatial concentration of higher value-added activities. This may have a number of policy implications in terms of the industrial, technology and regional policies required to support and sustain such higher value-added activities. This is also consistent with the view that globalization leads to greater spatial dispersion, as the latter tends to be dominated by lower value-adding activities, with the core locations progressively moving towards higher value-adding activities. Overall, the opposing positive and negative impacts on regional ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ will be more greatly amplified than would previously have been the case. As such, regions benefiting from the immigration of integrated supply-chain networks will tend to maintain their advantageous position in the industry over time. On the downside, regions which lose such supply-chain systems, as seen over the last two decades in many regions in the US, UK and Australia, face a challenging situation, with very limited prospects for redeveloping such systems via policy initiatives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 255-266 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159855 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159855 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:255-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316152_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Seiji Kobayashi Author-X-Name-First: Seiji Author-X-Name-Last: Kobayashi Author-Name: Stewart MacNeill Author-X-Name-First: Stewart Author-X-Name-Last: MacNeill Title: Rover and out? Globalisation, the West Midlands auto cluster, and the end of MG Rover Abstract: This paper sets the scene for this Policy Studies special issue on plant closures by outlining the form of the auto cluster in the West Midlands, the nature of structural changes unfolding in the industry, and the decline and eventual collapse of MG Rover (MGR). Structural changes highlighted include: greater pressure on firms to recover costs when technological change has been intensifying, driving up the costs of new model development; increased international sourcing of modular components; and a shift of final assembly operations towards lower cost locations. All of these make maintaining mature clusters such as the West Midlands more challenging for firms and policy makers. The paper then looks at ‘what went wrong’ at MGR. Given long-run problems at the firm and its inability to recover costs, BMW's sale of the firm in 2000 left MGR virtually dead on its feet, and by 2002/2003 it was clear to many that the firm was running out of time. Whilst recognising that the firm's demise was ultimately a long-term failure of management, the paper also looks at other contributing factors, including government policy mistakes over the years, such as the misguided ‘national champions’ approach in the 1950s and 1960s, a failure to integrate activities under nationalisation in the 1970s, a mistaken privatisation to British Aerospace in the 1980s, and a downside of competition policy in ‘allowing’ the sale to a largely inappropriate owner in BMW in the 1990s. The considerable volatility of sterling in recent years hastened the firm's eventual demise. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 267-279 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159863 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159863 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:267-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316153_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Austin Barber Author-X-Name-First: Austin Author-X-Name-Last: Barber Author-Name: Stephen Hall Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Birmingham: whose urban renaissance? Regeneration as a response to economic restructuring Abstract: This paper draws together two traditionally distinct discourses that have dominated debates over urban policy responses to economic restructuring, deindustrialisation, major plant closures and the rise of the service and knowledge-based economy over the past 20 years. It investigates the case of Birmingham, where the policy drive of city centre regeneration, flagship development and the re-making of central urban space for new economic activities has been accompanied by much acclaim and ‘boosterist’ hype. At the same time, the socio-spatial impact of economic restructuring and the resulting policy response has been extremely uneven. The economic difficulties and wider disadvantage experienced by much of the city's population and many of its neighbourhoods, especially those inner city areas with large ethnic minority populations, have endured and even deepened since the early 1990s despite the efforts of numerous area-based regeneration programmes funded by central government. The paper reflects upon this dual narrative by asking the question whose urban renaissance? From this study it clear that the dominance of the ‘boosterist’ discourse is significantly tempered by the uneven and enduring socio-economic divides within the city and the partial nature of the city's overall recovery, particularly in terms of providing employment for its residents. In this sense, significant policy challenges remain despite the clear achievements of the past 20 years. The paper concludes by considering new spatial policy approaches that could bind together the dual imperatives of creating new economic opportunities, and addressing aspects of acute need among the local population. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 281-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:281-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316161_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Burfitt Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Burfitt Author-Name: Ed Ferrari Author-X-Name-First: Ed Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari Title: The housing and neighbourhood impacts of knowledge-based economic development following industrial closure Abstract: Economic development initiatives following large-scale industrial closures often seek to regenerate the local economy through investment in technology and knowledge-intensive activities. The resulting changes in the make-up of the local workforce are in turn likely to generate new forms of demand for housing; demand that will not necessarily be met by the residential offer of the neighbourhoods worst affected by the initial closure. This paper explores these processes through a study of the proposals for a science park as a component of the programme to redevelop the Longbridge site in Birmingham in the UK, following the closure of the Rover automotive plant in 2005. The paper examines the capacity of local workers to take up the anticipated high-technology jobs; the likely configuration of an incoming workforce; and the fit between the housing requirements of these new workers and the residential offer of neighbourhoods in the Longbridge area. It concludes that there is likely to be a poor match between the housing and residential characteristics of neighbourhoods most closely associated with the plant closure and the requirements of an incoming high-tech workforce. This in turn raises a policy dilemma. On the one hand there is a necessity to secure economic diversification for the local economy as a whole, whilst on the other is the requirement to address the specific needs of the discrete neighbourhoods most affected by the closure and whose quality of place offer is often furthest from the requirements of the incoming workforce. A number of policy implications are discussed, drawing on the experience of recent housing and regeneration policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 293-304 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159954 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:293-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316162_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Caroline Chapain Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Chapain Author-Name: Alan Murie Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Murie Title: The impact of factory closure on local communities and economies: the case of the MG Rover Longbridge closure in Birmingham Abstract: Much of the recent literature concerned with the impacts of factory closure refers to closures occurring in the 1980s and 1990s and affecting heavy industry – coal, steel and shipbuilding. It also tends to focus on employment and labour market impacts assessed through the subsequent experience of workers made redundant following closures. It also tends to assume that these impacts are localized. Because of this much of the discussion of policy implications relates to the workers made redundant and to a very local economy. This paper refers to the closure of the MG Rover factory in Longbridge, Birmingham, UK. This closure was regarded as presenting a crisis for government and the local community. The paper responds to arguments in the research literature and explores the spatial and economic impact of the MG Rover closure in more detail. It complements other research which has focused on the experience of those made redundant in 2005 by referring to the loss of employment over a longer time period and identifying a wider impact spatially and socially. The paper draws upon different sources of evidence and concludes with a discussion of implications for policy and research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 305-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:305-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316163_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew Beer Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Beer Title: Risk and return: housing tenure and labour market adjustment after employment loss in the automotive sector in Southern Adelaide Abstract: This paper examines the interaction between housing tenure and the propensity of displaced workers from the automotive sector to be employed one year to 18 months post-redundancy. It considers the ‘Oswald thesis’ that home ownership contributes to higher rates of unemployment in advanced economies and reviews this proposition using survey data from 314 households. The paper focuses on the experience of workers retrenched from the Lonsdale and Tonsley Park plants of Mitsubishi Motors Australia Ltd and, unlike some other research, finds general support for the Oswald thesis. It is suggested that a number of factors contribute to a lower rate of re-engagement with the formal labour market by home owners, including the absence of locally available employment, the high cost of transport to regions where employment is on offer and a strong sense of attachment to their region. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 319-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:319-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316165_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fiona Verity Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Verity Author-Name: Gwyn Jolley Author-X-Name-First: Gwyn Author-X-Name-Last: Jolley Title: Closure of an automotive plant: transformation of a work-based ‘community’ Abstract: This paper is an exploration of one aspect of ‘community’ impacts of retrenchment, namely, what happens for a work-based ‘community’ when capitalist production decisions result in redundancies from a South Australian-based manufacturing plant. This work draws on longitudinal data and uses Ferdinand Tonnies’ conceptualisation of types of social relations as a reference point in analysis. Accounts of retrenched workers suggest Gemeinschaft-type relations in the workplace that had developed and deepened over time. These connections, described repeatedly as like ‘family relationships’, had tentacles extending outside the workplace. With retrenchment many respondents identified a rupturing of valued social connections that had, for some, not re-formed beyond common employment. These social changes have been associated with loss and grief. Given the health-enhancing factors attributed to social connectivity and the evidence that disenfranchised grief is associated with psychosocial health issues, policy attention to ‘community’ impacts of retrenchments, including the transformation of work-based communities, seems warranted. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 331-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802159996 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802159996 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:331-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316171_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kathy Armstrong Author-X-Name-First: Kathy Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Alex de Ruyter Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: de Ruyter Author-Name: Michelle Mahdon Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Mahdon Author-Name: Holli Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Holli Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Auto plant closures, policy responses and labour market outcomes: a comparison of MG Rover in the UK and Mitsubishi in Australia Abstract: This paper provides a preliminary comparative longitudinal analysis of the impact on workers made redundant due to the closure of the Mitsubishi plant in Adelaide and the MG Rover plant in Birmingham. Longitudinal surveys of ex-workers from both firms were undertaken over a 12-month period in order to assess the process of labour market adjustment. In the Mitsubishi case, given the skills shortage the state of Adelaide was facing, together with the considerable growth in mining and defence industries, it would have been more appropriate if policy intervention had been redirected to further training or re-skilling opportunities for redundant workers. This opportunity was effectively missed and as a result more workers left the workforce, most notably for retirement, than could have otherwise been the case. The MG Rover case was seen as a more successful example of policy intervention, with greater funding assistance available and targeted support available, and with more emphasis on re-training needs to assist adjustment. However, despite the assistance offered and the rhetoric of successful adjustment in both cases, the majority of workers have nevertheless experienced deterioration in their circumstances – particularly in the Australian case where casual and part-time work were often the only work that could be obtained. Even in the UK case, where more funding assistance was offered, a majority of workers reported a decline in earnings and a rise in job insecurity. This suggests that a reliance on the flexible labour market is insufficient to promote adjustment, and that more active policy intervention is needed especially in regard to further up-skilling. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 343-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802160051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802160051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:343-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_316174_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Holli Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Holli Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Andrew Beer Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Beer Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Title: A tale of two regions: comparative versus competitive approaches to economic restructuring Abstract: In April 2004 Mitsubishi announced the closure of its Lonsdale plant in South Australia. Almost a year later, MG Rover went into administration, resulting in the immediate closure of its Longbridge plant just outside Birmingham, England. Both closures were expected to have a considerable impact on their regional economies through the loss of employment and associated economic activity. However, governments in Australia and England responded in significantly different ways: in England the focus was on competitive advantage through the modernisation of the auto cluster and the diversification of the regional economy into new, high-technology industries. In Australia, the national and state governments introduced policy responses based on the pursuit of comparative advantage. This paper compares and contrasts the two sets of government responses and examines the capacity of each to deliver long-term benefits to their affected communities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 357-370 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802160085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802160085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:357-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_348375_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matthew Flinders Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Flinders Author-Name: Dion Curry Author-X-Name-First: Dion Author-X-Name-Last: Curry Title: Deliberative democracy, elite politics and electoral reform Abstract: Many advanced liberal democracies exhibit ‘democracy deserts’ in which high levels of social exclusion among large sections of the population are compounded by low levels of democratic engagement. How to reverse declining levels of electoral participation and widespread public disenchantment with politics therefore forms a defining element of contemporary comparative politics. It is in this context that the processes and methods associated with ‘deliberative democracy’ have become significant. Whereas most research in this field has focused on experiments at the local or community level, this article utilises a comparative case-study approach to examine the recent use of deliberative mechanisms in relation to constitutional issues. By comparing the establishment of citizen's assemblies with varying powers to review and make recommendations on electoral reform in the Canadian province of British Columbia and in the Netherlands and then contrasting this with a polity where a highly-majoritarian elite has reneged on pre-election commitments to review the electoral system (the United Kingdom), this article contributes a distinctive perspective to broader debates on public disengagement, deliberative democracy, political geography, majoritarian modification and electoral reform. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 371-392 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802482075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802482075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:371-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_348380_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carsten Daugbjerg Author-X-Name-First: Carsten Author-X-Name-Last: Daugbjerg Author-Name: Darren Halpin Author-X-Name-First: Darren Author-X-Name-Last: Halpin Title: Sharpening up research on organics: why we need to integrate sectoral policy research into mainstream policy analysis Abstract: As a fast growing state sponsored industry, the organic food sector is likely to attract the increased attention of policy analysts who are interested in industry development. We critically review the European comparative research on growth in the organic sector, focusing on policy analysis. A common element in these accounts is that findings are by no means clear on why variation in organic growth between countries exists. The literature provides a range of possible variables explaining divergent patterns of organic sector development but solid conclusions are elusive. We suggest that future policy orientated research on organic sector apply existing theories on public policy and carefully design studies in accordance with the prescriptions of the comparative research method. This would enable policy researchers to reach more robust conclusions on policy relevant factors influencing growth of the organic sector than are currently found in the literature. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 393-404 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802482125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802482125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:393-404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_348383_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Peetz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Peetz Author-Name: Margaret Gardner Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: Gardner Author-Name: Kerry Brown Author-X-Name-First: Kerry Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Sandra Berns Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Berns Title: Workplace effects of equal employment opportunity legislation: the Australian experience Abstract: Establishing whether legislation promotes better equity outcomes than non-mandated, voluntaristic instruments such as self-regulation or peer regulation has been difficult. Findings of an Australian survey comparing equity policies and outcomes in those workplaces that are regulated by employment equity legislation with those that are not subject to legislative provisions are presented. Research findings showed equity indicators were strongest in those workplaces covered by the legislation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 405-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802482158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802482158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:405-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_348387_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gyu-Jin Hwang Author-X-Name-First: Gyu-Jin Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang Title: Going separate ways? The reform of health insurance funds in Germany, Japan and South Korea Abstract: Many aspects of Japanese and Korean national health insurance systems were modelled after the German system of social insurance where non-competitive sickness funds were based on a corporatist principle. Far from converging or remaining on a corporatist path, however, each country has followed a distinctive reform trajectory in an era of globalisation: Germany choosing to grant freedom of choice between different sickness funds, Japan maintaining a multiplicity of insurance societies, and Korea merging all health insurance societies into one. This article examines the reform process underpinning health insurance funds in these three countries where significant similarities as well as differences exist. It then argues that looking into the unique institutional opportunities of the time explains how and why these governments have adopted these paths to achieve dual objectives of cost containment and social solidarity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 421-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802482190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802482190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:421-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357778_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matt Beech Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Author-Name: Simon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: The Brown government Journal: Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357780_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matt Beech Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Title: A puzzle of ideas and policy: Gordon Brown as prime minister Abstract: This article argues that Gordon Brown as prime minister is a puzzle of ideas and policy. This observation is most notably supported by his failure to espouse an ideological narrative for his government. Brown the intellectually literate Labour leader has not constructed his idea of the ‘good society’. This in turn has had a negative impact upon the effectiveness of his leadership and the unity of his government. The article highlights the implications of this problem; discusses the nature of Brown's politics through analysing the works of Lee and Hickson; and asserts the virtues of crafting a coherent ideological narrative for government. The article concludes by surveying the prospects of a Brown-led Labour Party in the forthcoming political era – an era which is likely to be one dominated by the Conservative Party under the leadership of David Cameron. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:5-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357783_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: The rock of stability? The political economy of the Brown government Abstract: This article seeks to demonstrate how each of the three core components of the British model of political economy developed during Gordon Brown's tenure as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the assumptions underlying them, have been undermined during Brown's first 16 months as prime minister. Each of the trends that have contributed towards the UK's economic transition from growth to recession is shown to have begun during Brown's tenure as chancellor. First, the British model of monetary policy, and Brown's claim to have replaced ‘stop-go’ short-termism with macro-economic stability, is shown to have been undermined by a year of financial market volatility, rising inflation and broader deteriorating economic performance. The second, the British model of fiscal policy, and Brown's claim to have locked in fiscal prudence, is shown to have dissipated further since June 2007. In particular, the twin fiscal benchmarks of Brown's model, the Golden Rule and the Sustainable Investment Rule, are respectively shown to face imminent transgression. Third, the British model of competitiveness policy is shown to have failed to redress any of the long-term supply-side weaknesses that have contributed to the UK's relative economic decline during the twentieth century. Above all else, the Brown government's faith in a risk-based approach to financial regulation is shown to have been punctured by the domestic financial instability arising from the collapse of Northern Rock and Bradford and Bingley, and the need to recapitalise the major UK-based banks. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 17-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576157 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576157 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:17-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357786_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Gordon Brown and public management reform – a project in search of a ‘big idea’? Abstract: This article evaluates the Brown-effect ‘real’ and ‘potential’ on public services production in the UK. It is observed, rather unsurprisingly, that Gordon Brown's approach to public services reform is a logical extension of the New Labour modernisation project and represents the extension of new public management (NPM) methods articulated in the populist rhetoric of ‘choice’, ‘personalisation’ and ‘user’ engagement. It is argued, however, that while the adoption of NPM was an important phase in the modernisation of Britain's public services, it is simply unequal to the challenge of public service provision in an era of networked governance. This is because it privileges the role of technocrats, takes the politics out of public policy deliberation and its market orientation is at odds with the concept of public service. In consequence, the success of public service reform rests on the development of representative as well as technocratic networks which can meet the demands of both representative democracy and the efficient delivery of public goods. A set of recommendations are advanced for these purposes rooted in a ‘maximalist’ (‘deep democratisation’) conception of public value. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 33-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:33-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357788_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Griffiths Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths Title: The public services under Gordon Brown – similar reforms, less money Abstract: This article examines Gordon Brown's promise to ‘let the work of change begin’, as it applies to the public services. It looks at the expectations for Brown's government at the handover from Blair, and in particular the claim that Brown is somehow to the left of his predecessor. Most of these arguments were found to be mistaken once Brown was in power. The article then looks at Brown's record on the public services during his first year in power through both his own comments and policy initiatives, and those of people close to him. In particular, the article contrasts Brown's premiership with that of his predecessor. There are two areas of focus: first, the relationship between central government and public service professionals; second, the issue of choice in the public services. The article concludes that although there are subtle differences between Brown and Blair, his project is substantially the same as that of his predecessor, although the conditions under which it has to be carried out are more difficult. If there is a difference (and it is argued this is only one of degree) it is that whilst both Blair and Brown are happy with the introduction of private money into the public services, Blair was more pro-competition than his successor. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 53-67 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:53-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357791_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Driver Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Driver Title: Work to be done? Welfare reform from Blair to Brown Abstract: Welfare reform has been central to ‘New Labour’ politics since the mid-1990s. In government, Labour can, with some justification, take credit for getting Britain working and cutting poverty. But while employment continued to rise after 1997, rates of economic inactivity remained much the same. And since 2005, the battle against poverty has stalled. This article assesses the Brown government's plans to reform the welfare state. These plans are leading to fresh political tensions within the Labour Party as the government seeks to extend its ‘employment first’ welfare policies by getting tougher on entitlements and extending the role of the private sector in delivering welfare-to-work. With the economic outlook deteriorating, and public spending under tighter reign, the outlook for Labour's reforms looks uncertain. The buoyant labour market that sustained the government's welfare-to-work programme – but which did little for the underlying rate of economic inactivity – has gone. After 10 years of government, welfare reform is unfinished business for Labour under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 69-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576231 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576231 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:69-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357793_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Victoria Honeyman Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Honeyman Title: Gordon Brown and international policy Abstract: While Tony Blair was prime minister, his chancellor, Gordon Brown, was rarely associated with international policy in the mind of the public. Instead, Brown's interest in certain international policy areas was largely overlooked and he was instead linked in the mind of the public with domestic policy, while Blair, from 2001 onwards, was associated largely with Britain's relationships with international actors and large-scale military incursions in Afghanistan and Iraq. However, upon becoming prime minister, Brown's association with domestic policy was both a problem and an advantage. Prime ministers have to be seen as capable of dealing with all issues, including international policy, and widely experienced. This article will consider the ideology of Brown's international policy, and consider the key elements of Brown's views and his government's policies, towards international policy, both while chancellor and prime minister. It will focus on Brown's attitude towards global institutions such as the UN and NATO and his attitude towards international development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 85-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802576256 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802576256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:85-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_357909_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matt Beech Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Author-Name: Simon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: The prospects for Brown's social democracy Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 101-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870802577411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870802577411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:101-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372518_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sultan Barakat Author-X-Name-First: Sultan Author-X-Name-Last: Barakat Title: The failed promise of multi-donor trust funds: aid financing as an impediment to effective state-building in post-conflict contexts Abstract: Multi-donor trust funds (MDTFs) have quickly become one of the most prominent aid modalities. Viewed as a reliable long-term funding source, they are hailed for facilitating donor coordination and ceding unprecedented control of post-conflict reconstruction and development to recipient governments. The advent of the MDTF also highlighted the growing understanding that aid modalities, the form and manner in which assistance is given to developing nations, are themselves a key intervention in war-torn societies and not a passive administrative arrangement. The implementation of MDTFs has, however, frequently nullified their conceptual benefits, particularly in regard to strengthening and legitimating recipient states. Complicated implementation arrangements, donor-dominated coordination and oversight bodies, short timeframes and high expectations pertaining to disbursement have subsumed trust funds to donors’ pre-existing modes of operating and made them contravene state building objectives and weaken aid effectiveness. Modalities can, like any other intervention, cause harmful effects. These are discussed in the context of Afghanistan's largest and highest profile reconstruction intervention, the National Solidarity Programme (NSP). This article examines one prominent MDTF, the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF), and its impact upon the NSP and its governance objectives. This critical case study shows the MDTF concept to be fundamentally and theoretically sound but at odds with donor countries’ primary attachment to the strategic rather than development impact of post-conflict reconstruction assistance. Such priorities limit aid effectiveness, hamper coordination and sideline the recipient state in the post-conflict reconstruction process. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 107-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:107-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372519_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deirdre Duffy Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre Author-X-Name-Last: Duffy Title: Alienated radicals and detached deviants: what do the lessons of the 1970 Falls Curfew and the alienation–radicalisation hypothesis mean for current British approaches to counter-terrorism? Abstract: British counter-terrorism policy-makers are at the centre of two inherently problematic debates. First, there is the debate regarding the worthiness of incorporating theoretical and historical discussions into the policy-making process, and second, there is the discourse surrounding the nature of alienation and how this affects counter-terrorism as a whole. This article seeks to demonstrate how the empirical base provided by theoretical and historical discussions is not only of benefit to but also a necessity in the policy-making process. Although critical theoretical discussions and ‘problem-solving’ techniques may appear to be polar opposites, the observations of theorists such as Dryzek (1987) suggest that in reality the two approaches are often interdependent. Comparing the alienation–radicalisation hypothesis with the 1970 Falls Curfew, this discussion suggests that current approaches to counter-terrorism need to take into account the radicalising affect of alienation both for communities and for state forces. By learning the lessons of the Falls Curfew, we can see that making communities the focus of counter-terrorist initiatives is not enough and that there needs to be a partnership process between state and non-state actors. Looking at the Curfew through this framework, this article critiques current counter-terrorist policies and shows that if integration is the ultimate aim of these policies then it needs to come from both sides that and discussions of counter-terrorism, both academic and political, need to recognise this. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 127-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:127-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372536_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Tackling undeclared work in Europe: lessons from a 27-nation survey Abstract: The aim of this article is to unravel the heterogeneous nature of undeclared work across the European Union and to evaluate the consequences for tackling such work. Until now, most studies of undeclared work have sought to measure the variations in its magnitude. Far fewer have evaluated the nature of undeclared work and whether it is configured in different ways across nations. Indeed, the only evidence so far available on its nature is that produced by small-scale intensive studies of particular places, populations and sectors. Although these display the existence of heterogeneous varieties of undeclared work, what is not known is whether all of these types are ubiquitous across the EU, as well as whether the overall configuration of undeclared work varies across different regions and nations. To fill this gap, the first cross-national survey of undeclared work is here reported undertaken in the 27 member states of the EU based on 26,659 face-to-face interviews conducted during 2007. The overarching finding is that although the array of types of undeclared work exists across the EU, some are more concentrated in particular countries and regions than others, resulting in marked geographical variations in the configuration of the undeclared sphere. Analysing the policy approaches used by the 27 member states, it is then revealed that most countries, due to their adoption of narrow readings of the character of undeclared work, currently use only a relatively limited range of the potential policy measures at their disposal. The article therefore concludes by calling for wider recognition of the diverse nature of undeclared work in the EU and for a broader range of policy approaches and measures to be experimented with when tackling such work. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 143-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723667 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723667 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:143-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372538_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nicola Lynch Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch Author-Name: Helena Lenihan Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Lenihan Author-Name: Mark Hart Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: Developing a framework to evaluate business networks: the case of Ireland's industry-led network initiative Abstract: Business networks have been described as cooperative arrangements between independent business organisations that vary from contractual joint ventures to informal exchanges of information. This collaboration has become recognised as an innovative and efficient tool for organising interdependent activities, with benefits accruing to both firms and the local economy. For a number of years, resources have been devoted to supporting Irish networking policies. One recent example of such support is the Irish government's target of €20 million per annum for five years to support the creation of enterprise-led networks. It is imperative that a clear rationale for such interventions is established, as the opportunity cost of public funds is high. This article, therefore, develops an evaluation framework for such networking interventions. This framework will facilitate effective programme planning, implementation and evaluation. It will potentially show how a chain of cause-and-effect at both micro and macro-levels for networking interventions can be established. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 163-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:163-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372541_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Toby James Author-X-Name-First: Toby Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Whatever happened to Régulation theory? The Régulation approach and local government revisited Abstract: This article contributes to an ongoing debate about the causal source of policy change by considering whether the Régulation approach, which has been largely discarded since the 1990s, can help to explain change in economic development polices at the level of local government in the UK. First, the ‘decline’ of the approach is explained by interviewing key exponents of the approach from the 1990s. Second, the approach is applied to a narrative of local economic policy in the City of York 1980–2006. In applying the Régulation approach, a number of problems are encountered. Chiefly, as a macro-approach, it lacks the finer tools to be able to explain all aspects of local change. Moreover, the approach is open to the charge of over-determinism by over-privileging the role of economic crisis in change. In the case of York, the cause of change has not been any crisis of Fordism but instead an acceptance of neo-liberalism in national and international spheres of governance, the inevitability of which may be overstated by exponents of the crisis of Fordism. However, the application of the Régulation approach to the case study reaffirms the importance of broader hegemonic political struggles and economic change to the study of local institutions, and the insights that more holistic analysis can make to the study of institutional change. Without some linkage to the broader economic and political hegemonic struggles, that the Régulation approach provides, meso-level theories are inherently wanting. The approach may be worth revisiting in the light of the new crisis of capitalism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 181-201 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723717 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723717 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:181-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372544_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: G. Fyfe Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Fyfe Author-Name: K. Johnston Miller Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Miller Author-Name: D. McTavish Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: McTavish Title: ‘Muddling through’ in a devolved polity: implementation of equal opportunities policy in Scotland Abstract: This article explores the issue of devolution in the UK and argues that policy processes between the reserved and devolved polities has resulted in a landscape where there is scope for uniformity and differentiation in policy formulation and implementation between these polities. The article will explore the complexity of devolution in the UK by examining the formulation of a particular policy area: equal opportunities policy. The article provides evidence that when matters are neither reserved nor devolved in the UK there is a ‘muddle-through’ of policy with the potential for policy, in this case equal opportunities policy, being limited in implementation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 203-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:203-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_372547_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kerry Howell Author-X-Name-First: Kerry Author-X-Name-Last: Howell Title: Devolution and institutional culture: path-dependency and the Welsh assembly Abstract: In an attempt to identify and assess institutional culture in the Welsh Assembly (WA), this article analyses agency and path-dependency in relation to Assembly Member (AM) perspectives, devolution policy and historical documentation. As primary agents, AMs were posed a number of questions regarding the initial rationales for an Assembly and whether the new institution reflected the cultural tendencies of its incoming membership. In order to identify and understand relationships between agency and path-dependency, this article identifies a distinction between the WA and individual actors. Distinctions between organisational and individual levels identify how different institutions fit together and illustrate relationships between path-dependency and agency. These relationships allow theoretical and empirical insights into cultural difference between the emerging WA and pre-devolution Welsh political institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 221-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902723774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902723774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:221-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386553_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: New directions in the study of policy transfer Journal: Pages: 237-241 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:237-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386554_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Policy transfer in critical perspective Abstract: The world of public policy is becoming increasingly small due to dramatic changes in global communications, political and economic institutional structures, and to nation states themselves. This article evaluates the implications of these changes and challenges for both the study and the practice of policy transfer and provides an understanding of the relationship between systemic globalizing forces and the increasing scope and intensity of policy transfer activity. It provides: an explanation of policy transfer as a process of organizational learning; an insight into how and why such processes are studied by policy scientists; and an evaluation of its use by policy practitioners. The article argues that the limits of policy transfer analysis as a descriptive, explanatory and prescriptive theory of policy change can be addressed through the development of a multi-level ‘action based’ approach to the study of policy transfer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 243-268 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:243-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386557_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: J.C. Sharman Author-X-Name-First: J.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Sharman Title: Policy diffusion and policy transfer Abstract: This article argues that the literatures on policy transfer and policy diffusion are complimentary, but need to focus more clearly on five key issues drawing insights from both literatures. First, work in each area can benefit from a greater focus on the changing interactions between the various mechanisms involved in diffusion/transfer. Second, the diffusion literature privileges structure, while the transfer literature privileges agency, but we need an approach which recognizes the dialectical relationship between the two. Third, the diffusion literature concentrates on pattern-finding, while the transfer literature examines process-tracing, but any full explanation of transfer/diffusion needs to do both. Fourth, both literatures suffer from skewed case selection with, in particular, too little attention paid to developing countries. Finally, while both literatures need to be interested in whether diffusion/transfer is likely to be successful/unsuccessful, neither considers any criteria that might be used to establish policy success and failure. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 269-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863851 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863851 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:269-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386558_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Claire Dunlop Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Dunlop Title: Policy transfer as learning: capturing variation in what decision-makers learn from epistemic communities Abstract: Almost two decades ago, Peter M. Haas formulated the epistemic community framework as a method for investigating the influence of knowledge-based experts in international policy transfer. Specifically, the approach was designed to address decision-making instances characterized by technical complexity and uncertainty. Control over the production of knowledge and information enables epistemic communities to articulate cause and effect relationships and so frame issues for collective debate and export their policy projects globally. Remarkably, however, we still know very little about the variety of ways in which decision-makers actually learn from epistemic communities. This article argues that variety is best captured by differentiating the control enjoyed by decision-makers and epistemic communities over the production of substantive knowledge (or means) that informs policy from the policy objectives (or ends) to which that knowledge is directed. The implications of this distinction for the types of epistemic community decision-maker learning exchanges that prevail are elaborated using a typology of adult learning from the education literature which delineates four possible learning situations. This typology is then applied to a comparative study of US and EU decision-makers’ interaction with the epistemic community that formed around the regulation of the biotech milk yield enhancer bovine somatotrophin (rbST) to illustrate how the learning types identified in the model play out in practice. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 289-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:289-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386560_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Holden Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Holden Title: Exporting public–private partnerships in healthcare: export strategy and policy transfer Abstract: The literature on policy transfer has paid insufficient attention to the role of commercial interests in the transfer of policy. The British government has developed a healthcare industrial strategy that includes an attempt to export Public Private Partnership (PPP) services. This article analyses the application of the strategy to export PPP services in healthcare to developing and eastern European countries through a review of ‘scoping reports’. The analysis reveals that the strategy involves an attempt to utilize the UK Department for International Development, international financial institutions such as the World Bank, and private sector consultancies to influence developing country governments towards adopting the British Private Finance Initiative (PFI) model, in order to lay the basis for the winning of consultancy, construction and other contracts by British firms. The debate concerning the suitability of PPP/PFI arrangements for the financing of healthcare facilities in Britain is considered in terms of its implications for the adoption of such arrangements by developing and eastern European countries. The purported efficiency gains of PPP/PFI in the UK are unproven, yet the drawbacks of the model may be even more problematic for public health service organizations in developing and eastern European countries, where the expertise to negotiate, monitor and enforce robust contracts with the private sector may be more limited. The article concludes that the attempt to export PPP services entails a strategy of trying to ‘export’ the policy itself, despite the fact that the public sector technical capacity needed to make the policy effective may be lacking in the target countries. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 313-332 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:313-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386563_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sucheen Patel Author-X-Name-First: Sucheen Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Title: Accounting for policy change through multi-level analysis: the reform of the Bank of England in the post-war era Abstract: This article examines the post-war institutional reform of the Bank of England. In 1946, the Attlee government nationalised the Bank of England as the first of a series of measures for public ownership. In 1997, some five decades on, the Blair government reversed this arrangement as its’ first task in office, granting the Bank of England operational independence. Drawing on models of policy change an inductive analysis is undertaken of the factors that brought about these policies to shed light on their analogous nature. This involves the development of a multi-level explanation of policy change which integrates policy transfer analysis with incrementalism and the policy streams approaches. The empirical investigation explores the marginal changes to monetary policy leading to the decisions, the exogenous basis underlying the reforms and issues of economic control and credibility for the Labour Party. It observes that a combination of these dynamics was critical to the ensuing institutional adjustments in the status of the central bank. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 333-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:333-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386564_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Katrin Toens Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Toens Author-Name: Claudia Landwehr Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Landwehr Title: The uncertain potential of policy-learning: a comparative assessment of three varieties Abstract: This article reviews recent conceptual debates on cross-national and cross-sectoral policy-learning in the political science literature. It proceeds from the argument that the existing literature is characterised by the absence of a comparative assessment of the risks and potentials of different strategies of policy learning. This sin of omission does not only have significant implications for the study of policy learning but also for its practice. The authors use the normative concept of improvement-oriented learning to assess the risks and potentials of three learning strategies: imitation, Bayesian updating and deliberation. They observe that the distribution of risks and potentials is most advantageous in deliberative learning strategies, but that imitation is the most risky learning strategy, and Bayesian updating ranges somewhere in-between. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 347-363 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863927 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863927 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:347-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386565_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bossman Asare Author-X-Name-First: Bossman Author-X-Name-Last: Asare Author-Name: Donley Studlar Author-X-Name-First: Donley Author-X-Name-Last: Studlar Title: Lesson-drawing and public policy: secondhand smoking restrictions in Scotland and England Abstract: The dangers associated with the use of tobacco products have been documented extensively in the literature on public health and tobacco control. As a result, various countries, including subcentral units in federations and other devolved political systems, have adopted policies to control tobacco consumption. This article examines the effects lesson-drawing had on the adoption of restrictive secondhand smoke policies in Scotland and England in 2006 and 2007. Using elite interviews and documentary sources, the study finds that in both countries secondhand smoke policies were influenced by the adoption of similar policies in other English-speaking jurisdictions, especially the nearby Republic of Ireland. In turn, the adoption of a non-smoking policy in Scotland influenced England. This confirms Castles’ (1993) claim of similar policies developing in the English-speaking ‘family of nations’ even at different levels of government. Policy transfer from Ireland to the United Kingdom is highly unusual, as is lesson-drawing from another jurisdiction within the United Kingdom to England. This may have occurred because the policy is fundamentally declaratory but with some need for compliance checks that are not resource-intensive. This path of lesson-drawing may be rare in the United Kingdom, but it may have broader implications for different types of lesson-drawing in multilevel governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 365-382 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863935 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863935 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:365-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_386566_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Parting shots Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 397-402 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902863943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:397-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_389066_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew Massey Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Massey Title: Policy mimesis in the context of global governance Abstract: The concept of ‘policy transfer’ is contested. Earlier work has discussed the defining traits, but generally concluded that the dissimilarities of regional and local implementation ensure a simple transfer in the form of a generic template remains elusive (Common 2001). The argument of this article is that it is more accurate to refer to policy mimesis, the imitation or reproduction of a policy in another context, rather than a simple transposition across geographical and political boundaries. There are levels of isomorphism within a given public administration. Both coercive and mimetic isomorphism, as well as professionalization, act as intrinsic dynamics to successful policy mimesis and its impact within policy networks to effect isomorphic recombination. The importance of locating policy analysis within its proper context includes giving due cognisance to time, chronologically and historically, as well as social culture, political culture, economics and geographical location (Pollitt 2008). This article is not an attempt to apply any one theoretical perspective, but a discussion as to why each attempted transfer of a policy is unique. Reference is made to a case study, the successful privatization of Kenya Airways (KQ) which is explored in more detail elsewhere (Massey 2010), as an example of policy mimesis and an explanation of the role of different ‘triggers’ and dynamics that drove the process forward as part of the global advance of New Public Management, an adjunct to many aspects of global governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 383-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902888940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902888940 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:383-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390156_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Clarkson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Clarkson Author-Name: Sue Davies Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Author-Name: David Challis Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Challis Author-Name: Michael Donnelly Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Donnelly Author-Name: Roger Beech Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Title: Has social care performance in England improved? An analysis of performance ratings across social services organisations Abstract: Performance measurement in the English public sector has been implemented in a top-down manner. This regime, comprising centralised targets, public reporting of data and the use of rewards and penalties, has been driven by central government and is intended to hold agencies to account for their performance and regulate their behaviour. This article examines whether the operation of this regime has resulted in improved performance for social care organisations. In England, social care organisations have broadly improved their performance over time in composite (‘star’) ratings and with generally higher ratings across individual indicators, with noteworthy improvement across key threshold indicators (measures which councils must perform well on to obtain a good summary rating). This improvement contrasts with a fairly static picture in Northern Ireland. These improvements may reflect a host of factors other than the incentives created by centralised targets and measures. Data show, for example, that external characteristics of English councils influence their being reported as ‘poor performers’. The rate of improvement may reflect the incentives inherent in the English performance system. Incentives promoting the achievement of specific targets may have influenced the behaviour of local managers responsible for performance in this sector. However, further information from local organisations is required to more fully explicate the relevant factors that may influence reported performance. The evidence reported does, however, point to the beneficial effects (at least for the regulator) of centrally set measures. It is uncertain whether more recent moves away from this target regime in England, towards the development of local indicators and ‘individual incentive’ regulation will likewise offer the appropriate inducements for performance improvement. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 403-422 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:403-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390160_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zhihong Gao Author-X-Name-First: Zhihong Author-X-Name-Last: Gao Title: Serving a stir-fry of market, culture and politics – on globalisation and film policy in Greater China Abstract: This article examines film policy in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the context of globalisation. The three markets face a similar set of challenges posed by globalisation, and they equally see the need to promote the local film industry through policy-making. The rhetoric of their film policies converges in embracing free-market ideas and a strong economic logic. However, their specific measures diverge when it comes to the extent and nature of government intervention, restraints posed upon foreign film businesses, vigour and objectives of government film censorship and emphasis given to the cultural imperative of film policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 423-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:423-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390162_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Greener Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Greener Author-Name: Mark Exworthy Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Exworthy Author-Name: Stephen Peckham Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Peckham Author-Name: Martin Powell Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Has Labour decentralised the NHS? Terminological obfuscation and analytical confusion Abstract: This article considers the rise of decentralisation as an approach to public-sector reform generally, and its approach to the British National Health Service (NHS) specifically. It suggests that the term ‘decentralisation’ is often so poorly defined that reforms made in its name cannot be assessed to see if they have achieved it as a goal or not. The article explores the meanings of decentralisation and attempts to clarify it, before going on to examine, through a review of what four key commentators have said about it, how health reform under the British New Labour government, despite often claiming to be decentralising, has often been centralising instead. The article presents a framework for assessing claims of decentralisation in public reform more generally, before presenting a specific example from the NHS. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 439-454 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:439-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390169_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Jones Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Hal Pawson Author-X-Name-First: Hal Author-X-Name-Last: Pawson Title: Best value, cost-effectiveness and local housing policies Abstract: This article illustrates and evaluates the use of the cost-effectiveness concept in local housing policy. It addresses this task by examining its application to two contemporary housing policy innovations in England – choice-based lettings (CBL) and homelessness prevention. The research assesses the costs and benefits to local public agencies of these policies through the use of the case-study method. It demonstrates that increased public expenditure to prevent homelessness or introduce CBL can be cost-effective. This finding supports the ‘Best Value’ agenda but the article demonstrates that the simple principle can be difficult to apply. The article offers a major contribution to the application of cost-effectiveness analysis within this context in elucidating the research processes and data required. We illustrate how the assessment of cost-effectiveness poses challenges in terms of both data availability and theoretical issues. Whereas the balance of costs and benefits may be clear, conclusions are often conditional or dependent on local circumstances. Major analytical constraints include the paucity of activity-based costing for social landlords, combined with the lack of a national protocol on cost accounting. Additionally, given that the measurement of potential benefits can be dependent on assumptions about long-term (market) outcomes there is a case for post-evaluation as well as pre-evaluation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 455-471 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:455-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390166_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Helen Gunter Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Gunter Author-Name: Gillian Forrester Author-X-Name-First: Gillian Author-X-Name-Last: Forrester Title: School leadership and education policy-making in England Abstract: We report on a major Economic and Social Science Research Council funded study: the Knowledge production in educational leadership Project (RES-000-23-1192), with a particular focus on the relationship between the state, public policy and knowledge. The project focused on the first 10 years of New Labour education policy-making, with a particular emphasis on investment in school leadership as a means of delivering radical reforms. The specific aims of the enquiry have been to examine knowledge production: the types of knowledge used in policy-making, the methodologies and claims to the truth being made, and the people involved in developing policy as politicians, advisors, consultants and researchers. We have explained the policy-making process by using theoretical tools from political science (regime theory) and Bourdieu's theory of practice (field and habitus) to develop a conceptual framework that we call regimes of practice. The article presents these regimes and examines their impact on how and why knowledge is used in policy-making. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 495-511 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:495-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390168_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elaine Hyshka Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Hyshka Title: Turning failure into success: what does the case of Western Australia tell us about Canadian cannabis policy-making? Abstract: Cannabis policy in Canada is a puzzling affair. Since the 1960s and as recently as 2006, several policy windows have opened promising evidence-based cannabis law reform only to be slammed shut before achieving meaningful change. This ‘saga of promise, hesitation, and retreat’ has motivated Canadian cannabis researchers to investigate the reasons behind this policy inertia. These single-jurisdiction analyses have resulted in interesting yet necessarily tenuous findings. Fischer's (1999) Policy Studies article suggests the need for an analysis of Canadian cannabis policy in comparative context and offers Australia as a point of departure. This article addresses this analytic task by examining two recent case studies in cannabis policy. Specifically, borrowing Kingdon's (1995) concept of a policy window, it contrasts Canada's failure to decriminalise minor cannabis offences between 2001 and 2006 with Western Australia's successful decriminalisation of cannabis possession and production for personal use between 2001 and 2004. In particular, it appears that a lack of support from law enforcement and cannabis users, conflicting evidence and risk associated with a lack of an evaluation plan all combined with a weakened electoral mandate for the government to contribute to a perception that cannabis decriminalisation was not politically feasible. Additional variables worthy of further inquiry are also discussed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 513-531 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:513-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390171_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonathan Payne Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Payne Title: Divergent skills policy trajectories in England and Scotland after Leitch Abstract: The UK Labour government has consistently argued that boosting the supply of skilled, qualified labour is ‘the key’ to national economic success and social justice, a position recently endorsed by the Leitch Review of Skills. However, while the argument that skills have an important role to play is widely accepted, Leitch's assertion that ‘skills are the most important lever’ remains contentious. Political devolution means that while the UK government retains control over skills policy in England, this is not the case in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland where education and training is a matter for their respective parliaments and assemblies. Indeed, there are interesting differences of approach emerging in terms of how the ‘skills problem’ is understood and the forms of policy interventions that are needed. While English policy-makers have embraced the Leitch agenda and are focused narrowly on boosting skills supply and matching overseas levels of qualification stocks, their Scottish counterparts are stressing the need for skills to be utilised effectively at work and are seeking to integrate skills policy within a wider business improvement, innovation and economic development agenda. This article examines these contrasting approaches, together with the main challenges they confront. It argues that there is an opportunity for Scotland to lead the way in developing a more integrative approach to skills policy that addresses key issues of skill demand and usage. However, translating this new policy position into practical policy interventions will require a process of policy learning. In the longer term, there is the potential for Scotland's approach to challenge the assumptions upon which English policy is based. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 473-494 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899996 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899996 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:473-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_421028_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elise Ramstad Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Ramstad Title: Expanding innovation system and policy – an organisational perspective Abstract: Studies of innovation systems and policies have tended to focus on scientific and technological innovation; organisational innovations continue to receive scant attention in many countries. The purpose of this article is to study the front-runner countries in organisational innovation activities, in this case Germany, Norway, Sweden and Finland, as well as the ways in which they have integrated organisational innovations as a part of broader innovation policies. The evaluation framework consists of four levels: (1) governmental and strategic level; (2) ministerial level; (3) research and development (R&D) programme level; and (4) performance level. This article discusses innovation systems’ similarities and differences from the organisational innovation point of view and suggests future recommendations for policy-makers. Although the results show that the countries studied support organisational innovation R&D projects and programmes, only Finland and Sweden have been able to create broad-based innovation strategies at the governmental level that include organisational innovation. Even so, a stronger political commitment is needed to foster a comprehensive approach to innovation and support the legitimacy of organisational innovation. In the future, it will be necessary to systematically embed an organisational innovation perspective into innovation systems throughout the governmental, ministerial, R&D programme and performance levels. To enhance learning concerning innovation activities in Europe, a concrete tool for a joint learning platform in the field of innovation activities is also presented. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 533-553 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903208551 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903208551 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:533-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390158_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Horsfall Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Horsfall Title: From competition state to competition states? Abstract: The perceived global and demographic upheavals of the last 30 years have fuelled fierce debate as to whether many developed countries still have a welfare state, and if not, what they now have in its place. Such a controversial debate is marked by the most fragile consensus; advanced nations have begun to depart from the trajectories they followed during what has been termed the ‘golden age’ of welfare states. The competition state thesis has featured prominently amongst the more pessimistic accounts of the modern welfare state. This extreme view of the relationship amongst globalisation, the welfare state and the nation state, suggests that the welfare state no longer exists, having been succeeded by the competition state. Such an assertion sat well with the ‘crisis literature’ that surrounded the welfare state during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The privileged position held by the competition state thesis within this literature may owe much to a primarily theoretical body of work to date. This has left many questions unanswered, such as: can the competition state be measured? What does such measurement tell us about the competition state? And, is there more than one type of competition state? This article attempts to furnish the theoretical claims of the competition state thesis with data from a variety of sources, most notably the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This data have been used to index 25 countries in terms of their ‘competition stateness’ providing a fresh perspective with which to view the claims of the competition state thesis. This article represents the first, tentative steps towards fully operationalising and measuring the competition state and interestingly, uncovers two seemingly distinct forms of the competition state. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 57-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899863 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899863 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:57-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_390159_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Cameron's competition state Abstract: The arguments in this article proceed from the grounded empirical observation that over the past three decades the character of the British State has transformed from an industrial welfare state into a competition state. Hence, it is argued that successive governments, regardless of their traditional ideological complexion, have increasingly assumed the characteristics of what Michael Oakeshott would term an ‘enterprise association’. The core concern of government is no longer seen in terms of traditional conceptions of social justice and the public interest but in adjusting to, sustaining, promoting, and expanding an open global economy in order to capture its perceived benefits. It is further argued that Cameron's Conservatives look set to continue this trend if they win the next general election. Indeed the principles of the Competition State are more in keeping with the traditional pragmatism of Conservative statecraft, its acceptance of change and strong but limited government, and its emphasis on the art of winning elections through wealth creation and governing competence. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 95-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870902899871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870902899871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:95-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_405453_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philip Cerny Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Cerny Title: The competition state today: from to Abstract: In a globalising world, states are undergoing a fundamental transformation in their underlying rationality, what Foucault has called ‘governmentality’. Raison d’État is being superseded by a transnationalising, globalising rationality that I call raison du Monde, at the core of which is the imperative of maintaining and promoting competitiveness in a world marketplace and multi-level political system – the Competition State. The state still has a major national yet paradoxical role to play – to expose the domestic to the transnational in order to ensure that citizens keep up with the multiple pressures and demands of that increasingly interpenetrated political, economic and social ecosystem. The foreign or external is thereby being internalised. In this process the state is becoming increasingly pluralistic, although, to be viable and effective groups must widen and deepen their transnational connections. There is thus an ongoing struggle between those groups that can capture the benefits of globalisation by transnationalising their activities, networks, strategies and tactics – the ‘winners’ – and those who bear the brunt of the downside of globalisation in terms of unemployment, reduced incomes, limited opportunities, political repression, civil strife, and so on – the ‘losers’. The Competition State is an evolving terrain of conflict between these groups and between raison d’État and the growing hegemony of raison du Monde. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 5-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903052801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903052801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:5-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_436990_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Neil Lunt Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Lunt Title: Winning hearts and minds for the Competition State Abstract: An important question concerns the routes by which the Competition State is able to secure ongoing political support, or what is referred to as ‘the battle for hearts and minds’. The tapping of legitimacy vis-à-vis the current Competition State is explored drawing on examples of the UK and New Zealand. Three ‘hyphen concepts’ are outlined: hyphen one focuses on the British or Kiwi-Competition State; hyphen two explores the welfare processes of the Socially Investing-Competition State; hyphen three outlines the relationship between the Competition State and civil society within the Opportunity Society-Competition State. These hyphens may assist in exploring, albeit tentatively, how the battle for hearts and minds has been won and, indeed, is continuing to be won as forms of the Competition State are consolidated. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 23-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903368124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903368124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:23-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_436996_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Susanne Soederberg Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: Soederberg Title: The Mexican competition state and the paradoxes of managed neo-liberal development Abstract: This article explores the extent to which the ‘competition state’ model has taken hold in Mexico. Applying four main characteristics of Cerny's competition state, I consider the policy directives of the Mexican state over the past several decades, from the rise of market-led reforms in the wake of the 1982 balance of payments crisis to the end of Vicente Fox's presidential term in 2006. Two observations can be drawn from this survey. First, aside from a few nuances, the Mexican case broadly corresponds to the competition state model. Second, Mexico's competition state has generated highly uneven outcomes, resulting in increased social strife and, paradoxically, greater government intervention in managing the economy. A central contradiction emerging from Mexico's uptake of the competition state model is the disconnect between the theoretical promises of market-led reform, i.e. general prosperity and economic growth premised on the inherent rationality and ‘justice’ of the market, and the practical realities of neo-liberalism in Mexico, including growing levels of poverty, unsustainable levels of public debt, de-industrialisation and persistent trade imbalances – a trend that seems poised to continue in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis. Through the lens of the competition state model, the nature of neo-liberalisation processes and contestation over the past several decades is made evident, revealing the ways in which neo-liberal values infuse the policy agendas of all major political parties in Mexico. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 77-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903368181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903368181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:77-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_438914_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sarah Radcliffe Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Radcliffe Title: Non-rational aspects of the competition state – the case of policy consultancy in Australia Abstract: This article argues that the key strength of the competition state as an explanatory model of the motivations behind state transformation is its acknowledgement of the role of ‘non-rational’ factors, specifically, the roles of discourse and path-dependence, in shaping state responses to globalisation. The empirical case of state engagement in policy consultancy within the Australian context is explored as one expression of this ‘transformationalist’ response to the imperatives of globalisation. The findings of this case study suggest that the competition state model attributes a greater degree of strategy and reflexivity on the part of state actors, than is borne out in practice. This is because the competition state model does not account for the role played by ‘competitiveness’, both as a discourse and as an institutionally-embedded political commitment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 117-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903387363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903387363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:117-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_439739_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marcus Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Evolutions of the competition state in Latin America: power, contestation and neo-liberal populism Abstract: This contribution argues that competition state theory unduly marginalises the political dimensions of state reform. Institutional reform is not simply political in the sense that policies are contested, but because reform reshapes the very nature, process and possibilities of politics itself. I argue that the competition state project has sought to enforce new technologies of power and discipline across socio-economic life by enforcing new ways of (and limits to) doing politics within the paradigm of an abstract ‘global competitiveness’. The discourse of competitiveness, therefore, is not merely a response to a changing external environment in an era of globalisation but a representative of a determined political project in the context of distinct social struggles. The article traces this argument through a discussion of neo-liberal reform in Latin America generally and Chile specifically. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 39-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903395614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903395614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:39-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_440089_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Neil Lunt Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Lunt Title: Understanding competition states Journal: Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903399111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903399111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_440091_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Neil Lunt Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Lunt Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: How the West was won? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 129-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903399137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903399137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:129-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443190_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Donald Houston Author-X-Name-First: Donald Author-X-Name-Last: Houston Author-Name: Colin Lindsay Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Lindsay Title: Fit for work? Health, employability and challenges for the UK welfare reform agenda Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 133-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:133-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443191_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. Beatty Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Beatty Author-Name: S. Fothergill Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Fothergill Author-Name: D. Houston Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Houston Author-Name: R. Powell Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Bringing Incapacity Benefit numbers down: to what extent do women need a different approach? Abstract: The dominant narrative used to explain the big rise in Incapacity Benefit (IB) numbers across Britain is essentially about men. The collapse of male employment in older industries, mostly in the North, Scotland and Wales, led to the emergence of a cohort of mainly older, less healthy men who accessed IB instead of unemployment benefits. What this overlooks is that among the under-60s the number of women claiming IB now almost equals the number of men. In view of the long-term increase in employment opportunities for women, the similarity in IB numbers is at first sight surprising. Does this mean that bringing down the number of women on IB requires a different approach? The article draws on evidence from a survey of men and women claiming IB, in-depth interviews with claimants and professional stakeholders and secondary data analysis. The identical geography of male and female IB claimants suggests that a weak aggregate demand for labour is through time transmitted, via labour market sorting processes, to exclude from employment the most disadvantaged in terms of skills and health, irrespective of gender. The article highlights important similarities between the men and women claiming IB but also a number of distinctive issues affecting women, including the roles of increased labour market participation, lone parenthood and the impact of benefit rules. It is concluded that a package of economic regeneration and supply-side interventions will bring down the number of both men and women claiming IB. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 143-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:143-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443192_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Webster Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Webster Author-Name: James Arnott Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Arnott Author-Name: Judith Brown Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Ivan Turok Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Turok Author-Name: Richard Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Author-Name: Ewan Macdonald Author-X-Name-First: Ewan Author-X-Name-Last: Macdonald Title: Falling Incapacity Benefit claims in a former industrial city: policy impacts or labour market improvement? Abstract: This article provides an in-depth study of Incapacity Benefit (IB) claims in a major city and of the factors behind their changing level. It relates to the regime prior to the introduction of the Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) in 2008. Glasgow has had one of the highest levels of IB in Britain with a peak of almost one fifth of the working age population on IB or Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA). However, over the past decade the number of IB claimants in Glasgow, as in other high claiming areas, has fallen at a faster rate than elsewhere, and Glasgow now has twice the national proportion of working-age people on IB/SDA rather than its peak of three times. The rise in IB in Glasgow can be attributed primarily to deindustrialisation; between 1971 and 1991, over 100,000 manufacturing jobs were lost in the city. Policy response was belated. Lack of local statistics on IB led to a lengthy delay in official recognition of the scale of the issue, and targeted programmes to divert or return IB claimants to work did not begin on any scale until around 2004. Evidence presented in the article suggests that the reduction in claims, which has mainly occurred since about 2003, has been due more to a strengthening labour market than to national policy changes or local programmes. This gives strong support to the view that excess IB claims are a form of disguised unemployment. Further detailed evaluation of ongoing programmes is required to develop the evidence base for this complex area. However, the study casts some doubt on the need for the post-2006 round of IB reforms in high-claim areas, since rapid decline in the number of claimants was already occurring in these areas. The article also indicates the importance of close joint working between national and local agencies, and further development of local level statistics on IB claimants. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 163-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:163-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443193_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Anyadike-Danes Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Anyadike-Danes Title: What is the problem, exactly? The distribution of Incapacity Benefit claimants' conditions across British regions Abstract: There is an entrenched regional hierarchy in the spatial distribution of Incapacity Benefit (IB) claimants in Great Britain: the ratio of claimants to population is two to three times higher in the ‘North’ than it is in the ‘South’, and whilst some convergence has occurred since numbers stopped growing towards the end of 2003, the gap has changed relatively little. Just as important though, from a practical policy point of view, there is also a marked regional differentiation in the relative importance of the medical conditions from which IB claimants suffer. For example, about one third of males in the ‘South’ are unable to work due to ‘mental and behavioural disorders’, whilst the proportion in the ‘North’ is under a quarter; whilst the converse is true of ‘diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue’. Clearly, as the ‘roll-out’ of Pathways to Work gathers pace with its offer of a ‘condition management programme’ to claimants, and the new regime for those unable to work due to sickness is introduced, those charged with planning and managing the ‘re-activation’ of benefit claimants need to have a more spatially informed understanding of the dimensions of the problem they are to address. This article seeks to help fill this information gap by investigating the cross-regional distribution of conditions and its connection with the cross-regional distribution of claimant numbers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 187-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:187-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443194_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Kemp Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Kemp Author-Name: Jacqueline Davidson Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Davidson Title: Employability trajectories among new claimants of Incapacity Benefit Abstract: The Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), which replaced incapacity-related benefits in the UK in October 2008, is predicated on the assumption that it will be a temporary benefit for the majority of people who claim it. Following an initial medical assessment, new ESA claimants are allocated to one of two groups. Those judged to have less severe or temporary conditions are allocated to the Work-related Activity Group and are required to take active steps to prepare for a return to employment. Meanwhile, people considered to be severely disabled are allocated to the Support Group and are not expected to undertake work-related activities. This article examines the implications of this new distinction between those claimants who potentially could do paid work and those for whom that outcome is much less likely. Drawing on baseline and follow-up surveys, the article examines the employment status trajectories of a cohort of new Incapacity Benefit (IB) claimants in the year following their claim. It examines three questions. First, who returns to work and what factors are associated with that outcome? Second, how employable are the people who do not return to work and does their employability change during the first year of their claim? And third, among those who remained on IB after a year, what distinguishes people who classify themselves as permanently unable to work from those who do not? The article concludes with a discussion of the main findings and their implications for policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 203-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:203-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443196_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anne Green Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Green Author-Name: Ian Shuttleworth Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Shuttleworth Title: Local differences, perceptions and Incapacity Benefit claimants: implications for policy delivery Abstract: Geographical unevenness in labour market and social conditions is one reason why the ‘local’ has been emphasised increasingly in the delivery of labour market policy in the UK. This article explores the extent to which there are local differences in labour market conditions using the characteristics and experiences of Incapacity Benefit (IB) claimants in Northern Ireland as an example. It then offers some comments on the potential for policy initiatives to cope with these spatial variations. Evidence from a survey of 803 IB claimants is used, supplemented by focus group material derived from discussions with Personal Advisers (PAs). The article shows that whilst there are important variations between areas, largely in the quantity and quality of jobs, and the perceptions that IB claimants hold of their local labour markets, there are also similarities in the general types of labour market barriers they face across areas. There is some evidence, however, to conclude that these barriers in urban areas are particularly pronounced and that some IB claimants in these places face severer obstacles to re-integration in the labour market than those in rural areas. The article also suggests that policy delivery to cope with these geographical differences faces two problems. First, capacity to respond to local differences is limited by strong systemic impulses towards centralisation. Secondly, and paradoxically, local differences erode capacity to respond to severer urban problems because social/institutional capacity within providers and policy-deliverers in these places is limited by high staff turnover and a crowded institutional landscape. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 223-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:223-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443197_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Lindsay Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Lindsay Author-Name: Matthew Dutton Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Dutton Title: Employability through health? Partnership-based governance and the delivery of Pathways to Work condition management services Abstract: The Pathways to Work (PtW) initiative has been rolled out in 49 Jobcentre Plus districts across Great Britain as the government seeks to provide services to activate claimants of incapacity benefits and help them overcome health-related barriers to work. The recent expansion of PtW has seen a heavy reliance on the contracting-out of services to the private and third sectors, with ‘Lead Providers’ paid according to job outcomes achieved for clients. However, during the initial development of PtW, the initiative was defined by a flexible, partnership-based form of governance, with a key role for the public National Health Service (NHS) in the delivery of health ‘condition management’ services. This approach has been retained in a minority of Jobcentre Plus Districts. Based upon a review of previous evaluation evidence and more than 50 in-depth interviews with NHS staff and managers, this article critically assesses this partnership-based governance model and the potential added value flowing from the involvement of the NHS and its professional clinicians in the delivery of condition management services. The article concludes by identifying lessons for the continuing development of governance and delivery mechanisms for condition management under the PtW regime and future employability/health interventions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 245-264 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:245-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_443198_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Grover Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Grover Author-Name: Linda Piggott Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Piggott Title: From Incapacity Benefit to Employment and Support Allowance: social sorting, sickness and impairment, and social security Abstract: This article focuses upon the introduction of Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) as a replacement for the main income replacement benefit, Incapacity Benefit (IB), for sick and/or disabled people in Britain. The article argues that the process of claiming ESA, a process that is dependent upon medicalised perceptions of capability to work and which is aimed at managing the perceived economic and social costs of sick and impaired people, is a means of sorting sick and/or disabled people into subgroups of claimants. The article goes on to discuss the implications of this observation with regard to explanations of the disadvantages that sick and/or disabled people face and their implications for the income of such people. The article concludes that because the shift from IB to ESA is premised upon a number of mistaken assumptions, it represents a retrograde development for people who are sick and/or who have impairments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 265-282 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442870903429678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442870903429678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:2:p:265-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462102_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lars Nicander Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Nicander Title: Shielding the net – understanding the issue of vulnerability and threat to the information society Abstract: There are a number of vulnerabilities, which are increasing in potential effects, as society grows increasingly digitised and increasingly interconnected. Critical information infrastructure (CII) is one of these vulnerabilities, which is vital for the functioning of society. Often these resources are taken for granted and can be overlooked. The period under consideration in this article and consequently its primary focus is from 1995 until 2002. Beginning with a description of the physical stakes that are at risk, the article evaluates the policy processes underpinning CII in a variety of different countries as it relates to CII protection. These processes are tracked, revealing differences and similarities in the time and path taken to secure a national policy. It is argued that a country's ability to successfully navigate the various identified phases of the critical information infrastructure protection programme implementation process is determined by a number of observable factors: constitutional structure; the character of the state bureaucracy; real and perceived threats; and effective top-down policy coordination. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 283-300 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003615935 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003615935 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:3:p:283-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462103_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Steven Kettell Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Kettell Author-Name: Paul Cairney Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Cairney Title: Taking the power of ideas seriously – the case of the United Kingdom's 2008 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill Abstract: To ‘take ideas seriously’ is to recognise the symbiotic relationship between power and the role of ideas, rather than explain policy primarily in terms of influence and material interest. Yet, this statement alone does not take us very far. The definition and ‘independent effect’ of ideas is open to question, while explanations based on power may compete with, as well as supplement, explanations based on ideas. This article addresses these issues in two ways. First, it explores the role of ideas in the public policy literature. Second, it examines the potency of ideas through an analysis of the UK government's 2008 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill. Although widely seen as a battle of ideas competing to be translated into policy action, the Bill's progression cannot be sufficiently explained with reference to ideas or political power alone. Rather, both ideas and power relations need to be taken into account when considering the causes of policy change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 301-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003615943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003615943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:3:p:301-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462104_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mira Moshe Author-X-Name-First: Mira Author-X-Name-Last: Moshe Title: It's about time: policy time Abstract: This article evaluates time perception in public policy by developing and characterising the concept of ‘policy time’. Research in time-related public policy literature portrays two main trends: (1) the pragmatic trend – short-term policy based on a pre-determined schedule as opposed to response-oriented policy; and (2) the normative trend – long-term policy inspired by ‘the voice of the future’ and/or by ‘public interest values’ and/or by ‘avoiding uncertainty’. This article offers a different approach to policy time management: instead of dealing with long-term policy vs. short-term policy it suggests juxtaposing ‘tactical policy time’ and ‘strategic policy time’. Tactical policy time is defined as ‘taking a specific time-related plan or action aimed at achieving a defined policy result’. Strategic policy time is defined as ‘taking a specific time-related plan or action with the aim of coping better with uncertainty in the future’. The concepts of tactical policy time and strategic policy time allow us to characterise ‘policy time’ as ‘time-related planning or action aiming to achieve a defined policy result and/or to cope better with an uncertain future. The application of these concepts is investigated in the context of centre–periphery relations. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 319-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003615950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003615950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:3:p:319-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462109_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Asle Rolland Author-X-Name-First: Asle Author-X-Name-Last: Rolland Title: Modernising freedom of speech: the case of Article 100 of the Norwegian Constitution Abstract: In 2004, the Norwegian Parliament amended Article 100 of the Constitution, replacing freedom of print with freedom of expression. This article argues that the purpose of the amendment was not to expand freedom of speech, but to protect the state and political parties against the growing power of a non-partisan media system and of a new type of political party capable of exploiting the politically emancipated media for its purpose. As the amendment may cause government failure, the article suggests that in a political system based on the exploitation of independent media, the Constitution will once more be amended, giving more responsibility to the media and returning the responsibility of the state to that of correcting market failure. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 331-350 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003616008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003616008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:3:p:331-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462115_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Malcolm Sargeant Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm Author-X-Name-Last: Sargeant Title: The UK national minimum wage and age discrimination Abstract: The national minimum wage in the UK took effect from 1 April 1999. From the beginning it has treated workers under the age of 22 years as a separate group, now paying them a development rate, rather than the full adult rate. The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 contained an exception for the age-related pay levels. The issue discussed is whether the lower rates paid to 18–21-year-olds and 16–17-year-olds can be objectively justified in accord with the Framework Directive on Equal Treatment in Employment and Occupation. This objective justification requires a legitimate aim and a proportionate means of achieving this aim. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 351-364 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003616065 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003616065 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:3:p:351-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472844_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Keith Grint Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Grint Title: Placing leadership Journal: Pages: 365-366 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723226 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723226 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:365-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472846_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Collinge Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Collinge Author-Name: John Gibney Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Gibney Author-Name: Chris Mabey Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mabey Title: Leadership and place Journal: Pages: 367-378 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:367-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472847_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Collinge Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Collinge Author-Name: John Gibney Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Gibney Title: Connecting place, policy and leadership Abstract: This first article in this issue provides a broad introduction to the theme of leadership and place for the case studies that follow. The article is an opening review which aims to achieve three things: first, to explore the idea of place as a distinct setting for leadership; second, to summarise the contemporary debate around the need for integrated policy approaches for the shaping and re-shaping of place(s) in advanced economies; and, third, to point up some of the implications for leadership practice that flow from this. The authors argue that there is a need to re-examine the contribution of formal political and executive leadership in the context of the continuing integrated and sustainable development of neighbourhoods, cities, subregions and regions. This is done by presenting a range of insights around leadership and place-shaping that have not yet fully penetrated the academic literature or the policy-maker community. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 379-391 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:379-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472852_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Austin Barber Author-X-Name-First: Austin Author-X-Name-Last: Barber Author-Name: Montserrat Pareja Eastaway Author-X-Name-First: Montserrat Author-X-Name-Last: Pareja Eastaway Title: Leadership challenges in the inner city: planning for sustainable regeneration in Birmingham and Barcelona Abstract: Approaches to inner-city regeneration in Britain, Europe and North America have evolved since the 1980s to reflect greater priority on diversity of activities and more sustainable development. This has in turn posed new challenges for leadership in place-shaping and highlighted the need for different sets of skills, aptitudes and values than those which prevailed in the 1980s and 90s. This article examines how planners and policy-makers in Birmingham and Barcelona have tackled these challenges in the creation of new urban districts. It shows that while top-down approaches still prevail in both cities, leaders in Barcelona have been able to adapt more readily to the demands of a new era. In Birmingham, policymakers have struggled to break free of the more traditional approach that suited the city well in the 1980s but is less conducive to sustainable place-making challenges in the present day. This divergence of experience can be explained by several factors, most notably the institutional framework within which leaders operate and the prevailing planning culture rooted in the cities' pasts. The findings point to the need for this cultural influence to be taken into account in the forging of new leadership approaches in urban regeneration contexts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 393-411 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:393-411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472854_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Mullins Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Mullins Author-Name: Gerard van Bortel Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: van Bortel Title: Neighbourhood regeneration and place leadership: lessons from Groningen and Birmingham Abstract: This article contributes to the development of ideas about place leadership by focusing on the role played by housing associations within ‘place-shaping networks’ in neighbourhoods that have faced a long history of regeneration interventions in two cities in the Netherlands and England. It maps key features of place leadership in comparison with the more established paradigm of network governance. It explores the origins and purpose, content and approaches, and some key challenges faced by each of these perspectives. Longitudinal research on neighbourhood regeneration in priority neighbourhoods in Groningen and Birmingham is used to consider seven themes derived from our conceptual mapping. The article draws some conclusions about the value that place leadership and network governance concepts add to understanding neighbourhood regeneration, and reflects on the notion of ‘successful places’ as the ultimate outcome of place leadership activities. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 413-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:413-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472857_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lisa Trickett Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Trickett Author-Name: Peter Lee Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Leadership of ‘subregional’ places in the context of growth Abstract: This article considers the leadership requirements in a subregional context drawing on case study material from a range of research concerned with leadership of place. To better illustrate complexity and understand the impact of different spatial scales and leadership in a subregional context we draw upon work we have undertaken within a growth area. We assert that the leadership requirement differs according to the context of the given place and the degree to which the system is supportive of the place-shaping requirement. Drawing out of an understanding of why place matters, we identify the potential constraints and opportunities that can arise when leading within a subregional context. We suggest that the leadership of place is an iterative process and cannot be created around ‘false’ economies or contrived geographical boundaries. We suggest that the sustainability and resilience of place will only become embedded when public actions and cross-sector interventions arise from a spatial literacy – an understanding of the requirement of a given place both in terms of its spatial context and community capacity. We conclude that leadership of place is a contextually-based, collective cross-cutting process and that the leaders need to be able to shape and develop a supportive system alongside the more physical and service-based interventions to shape and make place. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 429-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:429-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472859_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stewart MacNeill Author-X-Name-First: Stewart Author-X-Name-Last: MacNeill Author-Name: Michael Steiner Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Steiner Title: Leadership of cluster policy: lessons from the Austrian province of Styria Abstract: The discourses of the ‘new economic geography’, the ‘knowledge-based economy’ and ‘innovation’ stress the importance of networking amongst a wide variety of agents for the circulation of knowledge, the reduction of costs and the efficiency of exploitation. Of the various ‘networked’ territorial innovation models ‘clusters’ has been the most commonly adopted by policy-makers. However, cluster policy implementation requires careful management if the different actors are to be properly engaged and committed. In this article, we will argue that a great deal rests upon the quality of leadership both at the strategic level of regions, or other administrative scales, and of individual projects or initiatives such as cluster support organisations. The main issues and challenges of leadership will be outlined. Furthermore, we examine cluster policy in the Austrian region of Styria where its successful application has assisted the transformation of the region from a crisis point in the 1980s. We consider what has been achieved and how the adoption of a particular ‘distributed’ style of leadership has been effective in creating a strong institutional base, achieving cooperation across organisational, sectoral and other boundaries and building lasting partnerships based upon mutual self-interest. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 441-455 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:441-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472862_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Marco Bellandi Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Bellandi Author-Name: Annalisa Caloffi Author-X-Name-First: Annalisa Author-X-Name-Last: Caloffi Author-Name: Lisa De Propris Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: De Propris Title: Place-renewing leadership: trajectories of change for mature manufacturing regions in Europe Abstract: The forces of globalisation now impacting on local economies pose threats to the existing paradigm of competences and routines, yet simultaneously offer opportunities to integrate new knowledge and learning. This is particularly pertinent with respect to Europe's ‘mature regions’, which are undergoing a major economic restructuring by trying to shift from traditional manufacturing activities to hybrid activities that comprise a combination of manufacturing and a higher component of intangible inputs and related knowledge service activities. The objective of the article is to discuss the concept of ‘place leadership’ by looking at how the embedded skills, knowledge and cumulated learning of a place can be used by its institutional infrastructure to identify sustainable growth trajectories. In other words, its aim is to explore how the economic, social, institutional and cultural aspects of places shape the opportunities for upgrading and renovation drawing upon their historical specialisation. The conceptual contribution of the article draws on two case studies, in the West Midlands, UK and in Prato, Tuscany, where we study the processes of decision-making, forms of leadership and ultimately the nature of local leadership. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 457-474 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:457-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472865_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Collinge Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Collinge Author-Name: John Gibney Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Gibney Title: Place-making and the limitations of spatial leadership: reflections on the Øresund Abstract: The concepts of place-making and place-shaping have grown in prominence over recent years, and have been taken up increasingly into public policy discourse. As used by many commentators, these concepts assume that places are amenable to purposive control under the leadership of local agencies of one sort or another including, for example, local authorities. The present article explores this assumption by sketching out a framework for the investigation of place-making and shaping, a framework that focuses particularly upon its governance and leadership. It is argued in this context that place-making is an ordering process that combines two modes of governance – spontaneous and purposive – only one of which (the second) is directly amenable to deliberate control and so to leadership of any sort. It is also argued that leadership is a relational phenomenon, and that the leadership relationship will on any occasion be located somewhere between two poles – between leader-dominance and follower-dominance – only one of which (the first) is consistent with leadership as this is conventionally understood. Drawing upon the findings from a case study of the Øresund cross-border region, it is concluded that a less conventional sense of leadership is required in the context of place-making and shaping, one that acknowledges the importance of spontaneous governance, and that embraces the possibility of follower-dominance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 475-489 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:475-489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472867_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Kroehn Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Kroehn Author-Name: Alaric Maude Author-X-Name-First: Alaric Author-X-Name-Last: Maude Author-Name: Andrew Beer Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Beer Title: Leadership of place in the rural periphery: lessons from Australia's agricultural margins Abstract: Numerous researchers have argued that local leadership has been fundamental to the growth or revitalisation of metropolitan and regional communities across the globe. Leadership is also seen to play an important role in encouraging innovation and the growth of new industries. This article considers the role of place leadership in two peripheral Australian regions: the Wheatbelt of Western Australia and the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Both are large, sparsely-populated regions that have traditionally relied upon broad-scale agriculture. Both regions are experiencing a period of profound economic restructuring and place leaders have had a critical role in attempts to shape a new future. The article considers the nature and role of place leaders in the two case studies and also examines their relationship with the formal institutions of government and their connections to the global economy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 491-504 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723457 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:491-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_472868_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Mabey Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mabey Author-Name: Tim Freeman Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Freeman Title: Reflections on leadership and place Abstract: Drawing upon the preceding articles in this issue, we propose a multiple discourses approach to the study of contemporary leadership and place-shaping literatures with the intention of encouraging researchers, policy-makers and practitioners to engage more self-consciously with the discursive frames within which they work. We argue that this is no mere intellectual exercise, but is crucial for garnering and combining the fruits of work in the (hitherto) parallel fields of leadership and place-making, where theorising has been fragmented and underemphasised, respectively. The approach seeks to reveal the different ways that ‘place’ is constructed, surfacing the tacit assumptions and aspects of leadership of place invoked. In the second section, we identify schools of leadership theory that directly speak to the notion of place, and use these discursive assumptions to re-interrogate the case studies featured in the previous articles. Third, armed with this discursive framework and illuminated by episodes from these contemporary stories of leading in a variety of places, we offer some research pointers to take this immature and exciting field forward. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 505-522 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003723465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003723465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:4:p:505-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_495901_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paddy Gray Author-X-Name-First: Paddy Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Author-Name: Ursula McAnulty Author-X-Name-First: Ursula Author-X-Name-Last: McAnulty Title: How far can the residualisation of council housing debate be applied to the private-rental sector in Northern Ireland? Abstract: The private-rented sector (PRS) in Northern Ireland has witnessed a decline for most of the twentieth century. At the beginning of the last century approximately 90% of households rented privately, but by 1991 only 5% of the total stock was privately rented, representing 28,600 dwellings. However, since 1991 the sector has steadily increased, and by 2004 the PRS represented 9.2% (62,500 dwellings) of the total dwelling stock, an increase of 120%. In Britain, there has been much debate about the residualisation of council housing with a focus on how lower-income households have been increasingly located in council housing with the more affluent being encouraged into owner-occupation, changing the social profile of council housing. This article, however, will seek to examine the impact the recent growth of the PRS has had on the socio-economic profile of housing estates in Northern Ireland and the tenure transfer that has taken place within these estates. The article examines current trends in the more ‘settled’ housing estates in Northern Ireland, and argues that a process of residualisation is emerging within these areas as a result of the changing nature of the PRS. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 523-538 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.495901 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.495901 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:5:p:523-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_495902_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Louise Humpage Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Humpage Title: Revisioning comparative welfare state studies: an ‘indigenous dimension’ Abstract: Although welfare states have been categorised according to a wide but never conclusive range of dimensions, little attention has been paid to the specific forms of recognitive justice that influence the development of the welfare state, particularly in countries where internally colonised indigenous peoples not only constitute a disproportionate number of welfare recipients, but also hold additional rights to those associated with citizenship. Socio-economic disparities between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples are considerable in ‘liberal’ welfare states where significant recognition of indigenous rights has been made and where indigenous peoples now play a significant role in delivering social provision. Such disparities are narrower in the ‘social democratic’ welfare states, such as Norway, Sweden and Finland (where Sami people live), which have focused largely on the application of more universalistic social rights but have provided little space for indigenous-focused social provision. Uncertainty thus remains about the best mix of recognition and redistribution needed to produce good outcomes for indigenous peoples in terms of both welfare and greater indigenous autonomy and control. Drawing on the cases of New Zealand and Australia, this article proposes a framework for examining different welfare states that aims to shed some light on this critical issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 539-557 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.495902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.495902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:5:p:539-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_495904_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Viv Mackay Author-X-Name-First: Viv Author-X-Name-Last: Mackay Title: Global financial crisis and the UK national minimum wage – looking back to understand the present Abstract: This article compares the historical experience of the Wages Councils Act (WCA) with the National Minimum Wage Act (NMWA), looking at the continuities and the discontinuities. It identifies two discontinuities: past accumulation of detailed knowledge on an industry-by-industry basis and the past inclusive relationship with the trade unions. A long tradition of inadequate enforcement provides the main continuity. The article argues that although the NMWA is a more sophisticated piece of legislation than the WCA, this does not mean that there are no lessons to be learned from the past. In particular, the article suggests that the National Minimum Wage would benefit from more detailed statistical knowledge and better integration of trade union expertise. Moreover, past experience warns us that well-intentioned legislation can fall short when the political will to enforce it succumbs to wider economic pressures. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 559-576 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.495904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.495904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:5:p:559-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_497261_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammad Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Title: The Australian housing market – understanding the causes and effects of rising prices Abstract: This article analyses current housing market conditions in Australia; specifically the factors that have caused increased housing prices in recent years and their implications. The article finds that the number of home owners with a mortgage and the number of renters have increased. For owners with a mortgage, average housing costs escalated substantially. Interest rates, investment demand, economic climate, financial deregulation and innovation, land supply and the land-use planning system, government taxes, levies and charges, demography, economic growth and wealth effect all play a vital role in influencing housing prices. Rising house prices positively impact on home owners' wealth, aggregate demand, employment and real GDP, and reduce affordability of first-home buyers and wellbeing of Australians in aggregate. It is argued that increasing the supply of housing, approval of tax-free savings for first-home buyers, regional development and reduction of government taxes, levies and charges should be the focus of future policy development to redress these problems. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 577-590 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.497261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.497261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:5:p:577-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_462105_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tom Forbes Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Forbes Author-Name: Debbie Evans Author-X-Name-First: Debbie Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Niccola Scott Author-X-Name-First: Niccola Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Title: Implementing health and social care policy – England and Scotland compared Abstract: This article explores the implementation of health and social care policy designed to improve partnership working between the health and social care sectors in the UK. Devolution has allowed Scotland to develop its own policies in several key areas. Given the potential for policy divergence, health and social care policy in England and Scotland is compared and contrasted. Using four partnership case studies, similar issues were apparent in both countries. Policy was dominated by the National Health Service at the expense of local authority partners and each partnership found the implementation of policy challenging, often due to inadequate policy guidance and difficult working relationships between the health and social care sectors. A key finding was that devolution had allowed Scotland more freedom to experiment with policy and the policy process became more readily influenced and challenged by local practitioners. Implications for policy implementation in similar devolved and decentralised contexts are considered. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 591-611 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442871003615968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442871003615968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:6:p:591-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_511524_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tony Chapman Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Chapman Author-Name: Judith Brown Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Chris Ford Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Ford Author-Name: Beth Baxter Author-X-Name-First: Beth Author-X-Name-Last: Baxter Title: Trouble with champions: local public sector–third sector partnerships and the future prospects for collaborative governance in the UK Abstract: In Britain, the former Labour government employed a range of collaborative governance initiatives to get public sector officers (PSOs) and third sector champions (TSCs) working together successfully. This article draws upon evidence from a series of policy seminars undertaken in a subregion of North East England to explore the strengths and weaknesses of inter- and intra-sector relationships. The article shows that PSOs' perceptions of the ‘troublesomeness’ of TSCs arise from, firstly, difficulties in communicating effectively with the third sector because of TSCs' inability to represent sector-wide interests effectively. Secondly, because many TSCs are unwilling to conform to public sector protocol, this leads to accusations of unprofessional practice. The article considers whether the perception of TSCs as troublesome can be interpreted as a convenient device when PSOs are reticent about yielding control over the delivery of public sector services to the third sector. In the context of significant reductions in public sector funding by the new coalition government, the article concludes that the landscape of partnership working and prospects for collaborative governance will change significantly – but not necessarily always to the detriment of inter-sector relationships. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 613-630 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.511524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.511524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:6:p:613-630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_511527_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jay Wiggan Author-X-Name-First: Jay Author-X-Name-Last: Wiggan Title: Managing time: the integration of caring and paid work by low-income families and the role of the UK's tax credit system Abstract: Under the New Labour governments in the UK, successive reforms of the tax and benefit system sought to improve the financial benefits of paid work. Drawing on two waves of qualitative interviews with low-income working families this article examines the role of the UK tax credit system in shaping decisions about employment and unpaid care work. The article suggests that the financial support provided for lone-parent participants by the tax credit system enhanced their temporal autonomy, permitting participation in paid work to align more closely with temporally situated notions of parental responsibility for caring. For couple families however, parental perceptions of responsibility for pre-school children, along with childcare constraints and the structure of the tax credit system served to constrain the autonomy of the main carer and implicitly encourage a gendered specialisation in caring or employment. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 631-645 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.511527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.511527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:6:p:631-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_534875_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.534875 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.534875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:31:y:2010:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_520558_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Diego d'Andria Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: d'Andria Title: Investment strategies of criminal organisations Abstract: Recent transformations affecting large criminal organisations worldwide point to a mutation towards high internationalisation and management practices similar to incorporated enterprises. This trend brings new issues and questions regarding the effectiveness of policies aimed at eradicating such forms of delinquency. Indeed, if organised crime has the ability to modify its investment portfolio composition to react to an increase in punishment and penalties and of public spending devoted to a generic rise of police activity, the deterrent power of traditional security policy is eroded, or totally nullified if the organised crime is capable of obtaining a risk premium for its illicit activities. Researching into the peculiarities of large criminal organisations and formulating a behavioural model for their investment choices, I propose results to support a policy research aimed at undermining their flexibility in assets allocation, both through demand-side and anti-money-laundering policies, and recognising the existing individual incentive asymmetry in entering and exiting organised crime. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.520558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.520558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_520559_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Diane van den Broek Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: van den Broek Author-Name: Emma Keating Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Keating Title: Rights to a process for the masses or select privileges for the few? Telework policy and labour market inequality in Australia Abstract: Telework as a ‘flexible work practice’ is often mythologised as a revolutionary form of work. However, to varying degrees, teleworking opportunities have been undermined by policy instruments predicated on assumed equalities between economic actors. This research suggests that while the request-based policies in the UK are not a guaranteed right, they do provide an important basis for employees to internalise their ‘rights’ and initiate a process for flexible working arrangements. They also imbue a corresponding obligation of firms to consider delivering on those expectations. By contrast Australian privilege-based policy instruments particularly restrict access for those employed in precarious and unskilled areas of the economy. Drawing on international and national telework policy approaches, this paper reflects on tensions between what could be described as ‘rights’ and ‘privilege’ policy approaches to teleworking. It argues that if telework is to become a legitimate employee expectation, policy instruments in Australia must be based firmly on rights, rather than privileges. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.520559 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.520559 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:21-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_526413_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yolande Strengers Author-X-Name-First: Yolande Author-X-Name-Last: Strengers Title: Beyond demand management: co-managing energy and water practices with Australian households Abstract: This paper highlights the problems and assumptions ingrained in dominant demand-management programmes designed to address issues of erratic household energy consumption, urban water shortages and increasing peak electricity demand. It begins by highlighting the problematic divide between energy and water production and the seemingly separate sphere of consumption. This divide fails to consider the ways in which consumption shapes, and is shaped by, resource production and provision. The paper argues that, by focusing on the individual consumption of resources, demand managers overlook the changing dynamics of everyday practices for which resources are consumed, such as bathing, laundering, heating and cooling. This is problematic because these practices are continuing to shift and change, often in more resource-consuming, expensive and environmentally damaging directions, potentially negating the resource savings achieved through demand-management programmes and policies. To address these oversights, this paper proposes an alternative resource management paradigm which brings together the conceptual strands of co-management and social practice theory. By shifting emphasis away from co-managing resources and onto co-managing day-to-day practices, a range of new opportunities for change emerge. The paper presents the concepts, methodologies and strategies central to this new paradigm and contrasts these with demand-management approaches. Avenues for change include focusing on the ‘intermediaries’ of demand (taps, showers, appliances, etc.), the material infrastructure of housing, co-operatively owned and/or managed resource systems, campaigns to instigate new cultural practices or collaborative partnerships established during some variable pricing programmes. However, the paper warns that making the transition towards this new paradigm requires urgent research and policy attention. It concludes by proposing a research agenda which aims to highlight both the complications in continuing to ignore the relationship between production and consumption, and the benefits of co-management approaches which attempt to bridge this divide. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 35-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.526413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.526413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:35-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_529273_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kempe Hope Author-X-Name-First: Kempe Author-X-Name-Last: Hope Title: Investing in capacity development: towards an implementation framework Abstract: The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other international and national development targets in developing countries hinges on capacities of individuals, organisations and societies to transform in order to reach their development objectives. Without supportive strategies, policies, laws and procedures, well-functioning organisations, and educated and skilled people, developing countries lack the foundation needed to plan, implement and review their national and local development strategies. Capacity development helps to strengthen and sustain this foundation. This paper defines capacity development; outlines its objectives, fundamental principles and the key areas of capacity deficits; and proposes and discusses a basic framework for developing countries to adopt for investing in the development of national capacity. The implementation framework proposed is developed based on a critical assessment and analysis of capacity development and its results in developing countries drawing from the author's experience in implementing capacity development projects. The findings indicate that investing in capacity development must now become a critical aspect of development policy in developing countries. In fact, national capacity development strategies are emerging in several countries to underpin development plans and poverty-reduction strategies. In pursuing capacity development, developing countries must also ensure that such initiatives are comprehensively designed to be simultaneously related to change and transformation at the individual, institutional and societal levels. Investing in capacity development means not only to train individuals, but also to help developing countries to build up self-sufficient institutions and an environment where individuals can serve the needs of their countries. Moreover, such initiatives are likely to be more successfully implemented if done through semi-autonomous entities and taking into consideration that the type of knowledge required to develop capacity in developing countries is locally determined and not easily transferable from developed countries. Donor agencies must accept this reality and tailor their capacity development assistance accordingly. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 59-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.529273 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.529273 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:59-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_529322_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexander McTier Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: McTier Author-Name: Alan McGregor Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: McGregor Title: Integrating employment and skills: the role of community-based learning Abstract: Community-based learning delivers a diverse range of learning opportunities in community venues across the UK to all sections of society. Its outreach is extensive yet the sector is often overlooked by employability policy-makers and practitioners. Following the Leitch Review of Skills and the UK government's policy announcement to integrate more closely employment and skills services, this article aims to overcome this lack of recognition by first generating a pragmatic definition of community-based learning before highlighting the potentially significant role that it can play in supporting people to enter, sustain and progress in employment. Set within the UK policy context, the article draws on the findings of two Glasgow research studies into community-based learning to give a balanced assessment of the sector's contribution to the employability agenda. In highlighting both the benefits and the limitations of community-based learning to achieve employment outcomes, the article concludes with recommendations and potential areas for future research into how employment and community-based learning services could be more closely integrated to achieve stronger employment outcomes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 73-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.529322 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.529322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:73-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_533510_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ines Newman Author-X-Name-First: Ines Author-X-Name-Last: Newman Title: Work as a route out of poverty: a critical evaluation of the UK welfare to work policy Abstract: At a time when more workless people in the UK are being mandated into highly conditional welfare to work programmes, this article engages with critiques of neoliberalism to argue that such policies cannot be shown to have a major impact on outcomes but are pursued for political reasons. Through a systematic review of the assumptions underpinning current welfare to work programmes in the UK, it is suggested that policy has increasingly been driven by a desire to embed a new consensus in which it is accepted that life should be shaped by work and that the unemployed have responsibility for tackling their own unemployment. This consensus marginalises the voice of the workless and wider criticisms of neo-liberalism and reduces the scope for oppositional political organisation. The analysis indicates three areas where contestation and broader study will be important in the future to protect the well-being of the unemployed. They are: welfare reform and the attempt to shape the whole welfare system to embed a work ethic; the demand side of the labour market including requirements on employers; and the empowerment of the unemployed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 91-108 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.533510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.533510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:91-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_541764_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Graham Room Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Room Title: Social mobility and complexity theory: towards a critique of the sociological mainstream Abstract: Social mobility studies reveal remarkable stability as far as relative mobility chances are concerned, both over time and as between different industrial nations, even while absolute mobility rates reveal considerable diversity. Nevertheless there is evidence that vigorous social policies aimed at greater equality can reduce the harshness or gradient of these inequalities. This article questions the theoretical account that so far has been offered to explain on the one hand the aforementioned stability, on the other hand the muting effects of egalitarian policies. It offers, instead, an account in terms of ‘self-organised criticality’, as expounded by writers on complexity science. It seeks to demonstrate, thereby, the utility of such complexity perspectives and the scope for deploying them to good explanatory effect in social and policy studies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 109-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.541764 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.541764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:109-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_541768_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carsten Daugbjerg Author-X-Name-First: Carsten Author-X-Name-Last: Daugbjerg Author-Name: Alan Swinbank Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Swinbank Title: Explaining the ‘Health Check’ of the Common Agricultural Policy: budgetary politics, globalisation and paradigm change revisited Abstract: Three potential explanations of past reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) can be identified in the literature: a budget constraint, pressure from General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) negotiations or commitments and a paradigm shift emphasising agriculture's provision of public goods. This discussion on the driving forces of CAP reform links to broader theoretical questions on the role of budgetary politics, globalisation of public policy and paradigm shift in explaining policy change. In this article, the Health Check reforms of 2007/2008 are assessed. They were probably more ambitious than first supposed, although it was a watered-down package agreed by ministers in November 2008. We conclude that the Health Check was not primarily driven by budget concerns or by the supposed switch from the state-assisted to the multifunctional policy paradigm. The European Commission's wish to adopt an offensive negotiating stance in the closing phases of the Doha Round was a more likely explanatory factor. The shape and purpose of the CAP post-2013 is contested with divergent views among the Member States. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 127-141 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.541768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.541768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:127-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_541772_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carsten Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Carsten Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: Focusing events, policy dictators and the dynamics of reform Abstract: Following the seminal work of Baumgartner and Jones, the punctuated equilibrium approach has won wide popularity. A series of studies have documented how policy areas are characterised by long periods of stability, which are disrupted from time to time by dramatic attention shifts leading to policy changes. The approach has so far overwhelmingly been applied in a US setting, while studies of punctuations in parliamentary systems are lacking. The paper presents a theoretical framework and empirical test that integrates the punctuated equilibrium approach with the work on pivotal parties as policy dictators. A policy dictator can veto reforms even following a focusing event that dramatically alters the policy image in an area. If the policy dictator is averse to the new policy image, all reform initiatives will be blocked; if the policy dictator is non-averse, reform initiatives will be allowed. The framework can help explain why dramatic attention shifts do not always lead to policy changes, but are mediated by the strength and policy position of the pivotal party. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 143-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.541772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.541772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:143-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_544451_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: June Francis Author-X-Name-First: June Author-X-Name-Last: Francis Author-Name: Gary Mauser Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Mauser Title: Collateral damage: the ‘War on Drugs’, and the Latin America and Caribbean region: policy recommendations for the Obama administration Abstract: The Obama administration has an historic opportunity to reform the US ‘War on Drugs’ (WOD) policies in the strategically important Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. This paper examines the impact of the WOD policies and concludes they have seriously exacerbated crime and corruption rates in LAC. The result is weakened governance structures and economic capacities in LAC. The WOD has emphasized supply curtailment in source and transit countries, rather than demand reduction in the US This offshoring of attacks on drug organizations has resulted in the acceleration of violence and corruption as drug traffickers develop new strategies to maintain their profits. The LAC region has the highest murder rate in the world, even higher than regions with armed conflict. We recommend that the US abandon drug prohibition. Decriminalization would allow governments to control the trans-shipment, production and distribution of these drugs. This would immediately allow resources devoted to law enforcement activities to be redirected to assist addicts and to provide financial support to strategically important neighboring LAC states. Controlling the marketplace would also provide the US and LAC with new sources of taxes. We also recommend that LAC governments act together to overcome their small sizes or weak institutional capacities by deepening cooperation as between MERCOSUR and CARICOM. This would enable joint initiatives such as policing of territorial water, thus reducing the need for US incursions into the region. Finally, any solution in the region must be supported by the creation of economic opportunities, both intra-regionally and through fairer access to the US markets, particularly for agricultural goods. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 159-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2010.544451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2010.544451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:159-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561684_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roger Wettenhall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Wettenhall Author-Name: Ian Thynne Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Thynne Title: Dynamics of public ownership and regulation Abstract: This editorial addresses the origins of our interest in the dynamics of public ownership and regulation. Issues of ownership and regulation remain firmly on the public agenda, with key themes involving distinctive patterns and trends over time, ongoing state involvement in significant areas of activity, and particular concerns in the provision of hospital and water services. These and related themes are addressed in the following articles. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 179-182 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561684 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:179-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561685_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Thynne Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Thynne Title: Ownership as an instrument of policy and understanding in the public sphere: trends and research agenda Abstract: Ownership in the public sphere has policy and analytical significance in the exercise of public power. The last 30 years have witnessed several notable trends involving ownership and regulation, public and private law, financial outlays and returns, shareholders and stakeholders, and principals and agents. The trends are identified and addressed, leading to suggested lines of ownership-based research on power, leadership and organisational maturity in and beyond government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 183-197 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:183-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561686_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Aulich Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Aulich Title: It's not ownership that matters: it's publicness Abstract: A key element of new public management in many jurisdictions has been the substitution of public by private sector ownership, and the replacement of public delivery and funding of services by private mechanisms. Despite these substitutions, there remains little credible evidence that ownership per se is a factor in organisational performance. Yet, many jurisdictions such as Australia have placed great faith in privatisation as a means of securing greater efficiencies in the provision of public services. This article suggests that rather than ask the question of whether or not organisations should be publicly or privately owned, a more important question needs to be answered: what makes organisations better able to provide for public outcomes? In answering this question, governments are better able to make decisions about what public services need to be provided and how their public services are best delivered. The article considers the Australian case of privatisation and notes that a focus on privatisation has often blinded the Australian government to the importance of maintaining ‘publicness’ or the important public outcomes of services they provide or fund. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 199-213 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:199-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561688_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Muiris MacCarthaigh Author-X-Name-First: Muiris Author-X-Name-Last: MacCarthaigh Title: Managing state-owned enterprises in an age of crisis: an analysis of Irish experience Abstract: As with all aspects of public management, the control, financing, and regulation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are matters subject to changing international trends and domestic political imperatives. The effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) on the ownership, financing, and role of SOEs are still unfolding, but undoubtedly will be heavily influenced by a new era of public sector reforms principally designed to reassert central political controls, as well as by fiscal pressures to balance state budgets. In this regard, the Irish experience is instructive, with the findings from two datasets being used here to examine various modes of state enterprise control and their corresponding autonomy. Significantly, there has been considerable variety within and across the SOE sector, demonstrating the need for more detailed understanding of how SOEs are managed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 215-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:215-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561690_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: José Hernández Ibarzábal Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández Ibarzábal Title: Natural gas infrastructure investment, regulation and ownership: the Australian case Abstract: This case study looks at the natural gas industry, with particular reference to recent Australian developments. It connects with the issues of ownership and regulation within the global financial system, using the Australian experience to show how these issues are playing out in this industry. Whether the interaction of independent regulation and competition has attracted more non-government investment in natural gas infrastructure is considered, with conclusions that may have relevance for other utility industries and infrastructure projects. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 231-242 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:231-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561693_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roger Wettenhall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Wettenhall Title: State enterprise for ethical reasons: mostly alcohol and tobacco Abstract: The impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007–2010 directed attention once more to the role of the state in the economy, with many observers accepting that that role would be larger in the foreseeable future than it had been during the privatising era of the later twentieth century. But the interventions of the GFC period and the debates about them focused very largely on commercial functions – banking and industrial production. Going beyond these particular interventions and debates, there has always been a strong, though often forgotten, case for government intervention for ethical rather than commercial reasons. This article reviews that case as it manifests itself in the alcohol and tobacco industries, with a brief indication that the betting/gambling industry presents many similar features. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 243-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:243-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561694_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tanja Klenk Author-X-Name-First: Tanja Author-X-Name-Last: Klenk Title: Ownership change and the rise of a for-profit hospital industry in Germany Abstract: The German hospital industry has undergone substantial changes in the past years and has experienced the rise of a for-profit hospital industry. This article recapitulates the evolution of a market-driven hospital industry, arguing that opportunities in hospital capital access explain much of the recent ownership changes. Although the recent financial crisis has shown the ambivalences of private welfare provision, an end of this trend is not yet recognisable in the German hospital sector. Quite to the contrary, it is to be expected that the financial crisis will foster the process of privatisation. The financial constraints of communities and the willingness of private investors to enter the market seem to hamper a revival of the public provision of hospital services. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 263-275 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:263-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561695_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Giuseppe Grossi Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Grossi Author-Name: Anna Thomasson Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Thomasson Title: Jointly owned companies as instruments of local government: comparative evidence from the Swedish and Italian water sectors Abstract: The combination of features from the public and private sectors in jointly owned companies imposes challenges to the governance and control mechanisms of these organisations, which have been criticised for lacking accountability. Where there is fragmented ownership, the interests of different owners need to be coordinated. The aim of this article is to consider how such companies can be governed in order to avoid this lack of accountability. The focus is on Swedish and Italian experience with joint public–private water supply companies in the local government area. The analysis draws on the literature on corporate governance in the public sector and shows that, even though contextual differences exist between the Swedish and Italian cases, there are also similarities in regard to the need to manage the conflicts of interests that surface due to fragmented ownership. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 277-289 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:277-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_561697_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rita Martins Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Martins Author-Name: Patrícia Moura e Sá Author-X-Name-First: Patrícia Author-X-Name-Last: Moura e Sá Title: Promoting sustainable residential water use: a Portuguese case study in ownership and regulation Abstract: This article reports a survey of consumers of water in the Portuguese autonomous region of Madeira. The survey was designed to establish the extent to which bills for that service inform users about critical aspects of the supply and encourage them to behave in environmentally-friendly ways. The evidence collected suggests that the bills lack this educational quality, suggesting that they should be redesigned to have that effect. The results constitute a wake-up call for regulators in this and other service industries: focusing on the design of bills may well have very positive effects in the development of more environmentally-friendly consumption, behaviour, and attitudes. This recognises the need for communities to own the water scarcity problem by responding in ways that ensure sustainable levels of water consumption. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 291-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.561697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.561697 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:291-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571848_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Helena Lenihan Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Lenihan Author-Name: Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod Author-X-Name-First: Josep-Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Arauzo-Carod Title: Industrial policy after the crisis Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 303-308 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:303-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571849_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonathan Michie Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Michie Title: Promoting corporate diversity in the financial services sector Abstract: This article sets out a detailed and realistic strategy for achieving the diversity in financial services to which the UK Government's Coalition Agreement is committed. Diversity of ownership types and business models creates a corresponding diversity in forms of corporate governance; risk appetite and management; incentive structures; policies and practices; and behaviours and outcomes. It also offers wider choice for consumers through enhanced competition that derives in part from the juxtaposition of different business models. However, the UK financial services sector is dominated disproportionately by a single business model, namely the large, shareholder-owned plc. This domination of the shareholder ownership model – whose purpose is to maximise financial returns to the shareholders – proved a lethal combination with the financial deregulation, the creation of new financial instruments and the concomitant rising levels of debt over the past 20 years. In a situation of uncertainty and unpredictability, we cannot know which model will prove to be superior in all possible future circumstances, so we ought to be rather cautious before destroying any successful model. The global economy is a complex system, and an important point about complexity is that many complex systems are intrinsically unpredictable, even if we know everything else about them. Thus, the problem is not just that the economic future is uncertain, but that it is fundamentally unpredictable. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 309-323 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:309-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571850_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bernadette Andreosso-O'Callaghan Author-X-Name-First: Bernadette Author-X-Name-Last: Andreosso-O'Callaghan Author-Name: Helena Lenihan Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Lenihan Title: Responding to the crisis: are policies aimed at a strong indigenous industrial base a necessary condition for sustainable economic growth? Abstract: We examine whether a strong indigenous manufacturing base is a necessary condition for sustainable economic growth in the case of two small, open economies, Ireland and Sweden. Sweden has been impacted by the economic crisis to a lesser degree than Ireland; we explore (through a manufacturing activity lens) the reasons for the asymmetric impacts and ask if the nature of the shock is related to ‘Economic Sovereignty’ and to the type of industrial policy. We argue Sweden was less affected given that its indigenous firms control the highly export-focused and technology-based engineering sector whereas in Ireland high-technology sectors are controlled by foreign firms. In terms of policy implications, we suggest that industrial policy should aim for sustainable economic activity and growth such that industrial activity within the economy should be able to minimise the impact of asymmetric shocks such as the current global economic recession. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 325-345 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:325-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571851_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bailey Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: Keith Cowling Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Cowling Title: Rebuilding the city: a focus for European industrial policy? Abstract: While the city offers the potential of dynamic agglomeration economies which can spur the achievement of economic growth and act as an engine that powers the economy, it often appears as a centre of crisis in mature ‘developed’ regions and countries, even before the most recent economic downturn. This paper attempts to reconcile these two seemingly paradoxical observations by bringing in a strategic choice perspective to explain how concentrated strategic decision-making in the corporate entities that dominate our cities has diminished the very diversity that Jacobs identified as being essential for cities to flourish and develop. The industrial policy implications for cities are subsequently explored in terms of building new industrial districts, developing high skill ecosystems, and fostering multinational webs of cities, all with the aim of ensuring the conditions exist in cities for creativity and development to flourish, notably a diverse and democratic economic system. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 347-364 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571851 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571851 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:347-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571852_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Phil Cooke Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Cooke Author-Name: Lisa De Propris Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: De Propris Title: A policy agenda for EU smart growth: the role of creative and cultural industries Abstract: The argument developed in this paper is that a resilient economy requires a growth agenda that is underpinned by a balanced industrial mix, the development and adoption of new knowledge or technological platforms, and risk taking in radical and incremental innovations as well as in soft and hard innovations. In other words, it is desirable to promote a sustainable and endogenous way to ‘reset’ the economy – borrowing the phrase from this study by Florida – by endorsing a growth agenda that includes also creative and cultural industries. It will further be argued that a policy agenda for the EU's economic growth takes little account of the opportunities and potential of creative and cultural industries, favouring hard technologies and services. A growing literature is starting to highlight the innovation capacity of cultural and creative industries as they intersect the innovation processes of other manufacturing and services sectors with innovative and creative outputs. The indecision of EU policy-makers on how to take advantage of creative and cultural industries for the delivery of a Smart Europe – as part of the Europe 2020 agenda – translates into a lack of commitment to such industries and indeed to a clear cohesion agenda. We make a strong case for EU policy-making to break the deadlock and clearly spell out a policy agenda that has an effective spatial dimension and that directly interfaces with its innovation policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 365-375 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:365-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571855_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver Author-X-Name-First: Jose-Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Hervas-Oliver Author-Name: Ian Jackson Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson Author-Name: Philip Tomlinson Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Tomlinson Title: ‘May the ovens never grow cold’: regional resilience and industrial policy in the North Staffordshire ceramics industrial district – with lessons from Sassoulo and Castellon Abstract: In the aftermath of the recent global recession, the concept of regional resilience is becoming increasingly important in regional policy circles. This paper seeks to add to the debate by exploring resilience and recent policy initiatives in the context of the North Staffordshire ceramics district. A key issue here has been the economic governance of the district, which has had a significant impact upon its current trajectory. Drawing upon a series of interviews with local actors, we examine the district's ‘adaptive capacity’ to move onto a new trajectory. In particular, we note the importance of district firms developing wider networking opportunities, particularly external ties; insights here are garnered from the relatively successful links between Castellon and Sassoulo ceramics districts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 377-395 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571855 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571855 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:377-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571856_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Xiaoni Li Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoni Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Pere Segarra Roca Author-X-Name-First: Pere Author-X-Name-Last: Segarra Roca Author-Name: Eleni Papaoikonomou Author-X-Name-First: Eleni Author-X-Name-Last: Papaoikonomou Title: SMEs’ responses to the financial and economic crisis and policy implications: an analysis of agricultural and furniture sectors in Catalonia, Spain Abstract: In the context of the deepest financial and economic recession since the 1930s, the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) becomes crucial to restore economic stability. Especially, the Catalan and Spanish economies, which heavily depend on SMEs, need to understand how these firms respond to the ongoing crisis. For this purpose, the previous literature on firms’ responses during crisis was reviewed and attention was placed on the classic Hofer framework which inspired the analysis of the data. The paper focuses on the furniture and agricultural sectors due to the significant impact caused by the current crisis. Data were sourced from the SABI database which provides financial and general information on firms in distinct sectors and sizes in Spain and Portugal. The final sample covers the furniture and agricultural sectors during 2004–2008 in the Catalonian region of Spain, with data in the form of book values and key variables generated so as to detect firms’ responses to the current recession. The evolution of those key variables also reflects the SMEs’ policies in both sectors within the timeframe analysed. The vulnerability of both sectors to the ongoing crisis is confirmed and certain trends in terms of firms’ cost, asset and return are identified. Hence, corresponding implications for policy-makers are further proposed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 397-412 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:397-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571857_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Annalisa Caloffi Author-X-Name-First: Annalisa Author-X-Name-Last: Caloffi Author-Name: Marco Mariani Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Mariani Title: Shaping regional policy responses: the design of innovation poles Abstract: The severe economic effects deriving from the international crisis, in combination with increasing constraints on public spending, bring new challenges for industrial policies. Decision-makers are required to find a balance between short-term measures aimed at counteracting financial distress of firms and loss of employment, and long-term strategies in support of innovation. This is particularly urgent for manufacturing regions, such as the Italian ones, which need to pursue structural change. The paper discusses the new policy tools that some Italian regions are designing in order to promote this goal: the innovation poles. Such poles are being designed and implemented in a number of major Italian regions, mostly through a top-down identification of specific technological and territorial targets. Drawing on the evolutionary and local development literature, the article stresses the importance of a preliminary scouting process in order to identify appropriate policy targets, and applies it to an Italian case study. In so doing, close attention is paid to the shape and extent of existing patterns of cooperation on innovation, so as to find out where the insertion of policies in favour of networking might be fruitful and desirable. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 413-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571857 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571857 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:413-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571858_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patrizio Bianchi Author-X-Name-First: Patrizio Author-X-Name-Last: Bianchi Author-Name: Sandrine Labory Author-X-Name-First: Sandrine Author-X-Name-Last: Labory Title: Industrial policy after the crisis: the case of the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy Abstract: The crisis has if anything shown that myopic views satisfying short-term interests cannot be the basis for sustainable economic policies. Rather, this paper calls for a more holistic approach to understanding and developing industrial policy and develops a tool to view such policy initiatives. This ‘sundial’ is based on four main pillars: entitlements (seen here as the right and capability of individuals to take part in the learning processes underlying development); provisions (the tangible and intangible resources necessary for development); innovation (the necessary dynamic character of any action supporting development, adjusting and sustaining learning processes determining development paths); and territory (as learning processes sustaining development are embedded in specific territories). We suggest that whatever the territory under consideration, policy action must be coherent at all levels, be it regional, national or supranational. We apply this analysis to the specific case of Emilia-Romagna (ER), and argue that the case shows how a long-term and sustainable vision of industrial development can be effectively defined and implemented if this is done in a process involving local stakeholders and ensuring consensus. The ER industrial policy also illustrates a way to develop beyond the ‘traditional’ Italian model of industrial development based on industrial districts. However, we argue that regional level initiatives could do with more support from consistent national level policy initiatives. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 429-445 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571858 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571858 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:429-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571859_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ajit Singh Author-X-Name-First: Ajit Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Comparative advantage, industrial policy and the World Bank: back to first principles Abstract: This paper provides a critical analysis of the World Bank's new thinking on industrial policy. After outlining the changing perspectives on industrial policy put forward by the World Bank over the last three decades, we argue that the bank's economists have taken one step forward (the approval for the enhanced role of the state) but also one – if not two – steps backward (by strong encouragement to countries to seek their current comparative advantage in pursuing industrial policy). We argue that a critical analysis of the World Bank's policy stance on industrial policy as on other main issues is essential because of the institution's hegemony in policy analysis of economic development as well as its conditionality, which may now well include what this paper regards as its inappropriate industrial policy. The analysis in the paper combines classical contributions on international trade and the world economy, relevant economic history, as well as Krugman's comments on these issues in terms of modern economic analysis. The paper concludes with reflections on the appropriate industrial policy for developing countries that the World Bank should support. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 447-460 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:447-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_571860_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ioanna Glykou Author-X-Name-First: Ioanna Author-X-Name-Last: Glykou Author-Name: Christos Pitelis Author-X-Name-First: Christos Author-X-Name-Last: Pitelis Title: On the political economy of the state, the public-private nexus and industrial policy Abstract: We discuss political economy foundations of industrial policy (IP), with an eye to unearthing its nature, objectives, scope, constraints, limitations and possible new directions. We suggest that extant conceptual economic foundations of IP involve an underconceptualised theory of the state and the public-private nexus. We aim to address this limitation, propose the concept of ‘national economic strategy’, and try to embed IP in its context. In so doing, we also propose that IP could draw on business strategy to expand the arsenal of concepts and measures that can help effect the objectives of the national economic strategy. We claim that this would still leave a number of unresolved issues that we raise and which need to be addressed. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 461-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.571860 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.571860 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:4:p:461-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_586498_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Paul Fawcett Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Fawcett Title: Branding, politics and democracy Abstract: Branding and franchising, which are common features of commerce, have, more recently, permeated into politics in a number of ways. However, this development has received limited academic attention, an omission which this article addresses. More specifically, it has two main aims. Firstly, we develop a heuristic for analysing the relationship between branding and politics. Here, our intention is to stimulate discussion and, as with any heuristic, this one will stand or fall depending on whether other researchers find it useful. Secondly, we critically examine the relationship between political marketing/branding and governance and democracy. Here, we argue strongly that it is essential to develop a more critical political marketing/branding agenda. This research agenda would be much less instrumental in its research concerns and draw on broader epistemological and theoretical perspectives, allowing it to interrogate the relationship between marketing/branding and democracy in more depth than is the case at present. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 515-530 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.586498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.586498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:5:p:515-530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_566721_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Maassen Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Maassen Author-Name: Eli Moen Author-X-Name-First: Eli Author-X-Name-Last: Moen Author-Name: Bjørn Stensaker Author-X-Name-First: Bjørn Author-X-Name-Last: Stensaker Title: Reforming higher education in the Netherlands and Norway: the role of the state and national modes of governance Abstract: In the literature on system level governance of higher education, deregulation and the stepping back of government are regarded as effective measures for strengthening institutional autonomy. Based on an analysis of reforms in higher education in the Netherlands and Norway from the mid-1980s onwards, this article discusses how institutional autonomy is conditioned by reform implementation and the regulatory frameworks intended to enhance autonomy. It is argued that institutional autonomy is conditioned by the existence of systematic dialogue between the government and higher education institutions combined with regulations restricting the scope of strategic action by the institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 479-495 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.566721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.566721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:5:p:479-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601220_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anthea McCarthy-Jones Author-X-Name-First: Anthea Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy-Jones Author-Name: Mark Turner Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: Explaining radical policy change: the case of Venezuelan foreign policy Abstract: This article uses the case study of the radical changes that have occurred in Venezuelan foreign policy to test the utility of different models of policy-making, looking specifically at policy transfer but more especially at two long-standing frameworks that look at policy-making in terms of societal or state interests as determining the orientation and contents of policy. Using the radical changes to foreign policy introduced by President Chávez as the case study, it was found that no one model is capable of explaining change. It is necessary to move between models and even add novel elements in order to understand the complexity of events and their underlying causes. In Venezuela, it was found that a society-centred model was the best fit for the period leading up to President Chávez's presidency when a state-centred model provided much greater explanatory power. Policy transfer figured little in the radical policy shifts but the incorporation of the concept of veto players into both society and state-centred models of policy-making proved useful. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 549-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601220 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:5:p:549-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601215_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Burgess Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Burgess Author-Name: Ellen Greaves Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: Greaves Author-Name: Anna Vignoles Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Vignoles Author-Name: Deborah Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: Parental choice of primary school in England: what types of school do different types of family have available to them? Abstract: This article focuses on the constraints on parental choice of school caused by geographical location, which arise due to the reliance on geographical proximity as the key oversubscription criterion for allocating school places. We investigate the assumption that most families really can choose between a range of different schools, and ask what types of school are genuinely accessible to different types of pupil. Using an innovative combination of survey and administrative data, we first determine what types of school are located near different family types. We then investigate how many of these different types of school are really available to the student, based on current catchment areas of schools and the home location of the child. This enables us to assess how access is determined by geography, and how it differs both by school type and by type of family. We show that using proximity as the main criterion to determine access to most schools affects pupils’ probability of securing a place at a particular school, with higher socio-economic status (SES) pupils being more likely to be accepted into (nearer) more advantaged schools. We argue that the large differences in the range of schools genuinely available to different families, coupled with the use of proximity as a tie-break device, continues to be a significant barrier to reducing inequality of access in the English school system. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 531-547 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:5:p:531-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_581905_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Viet-Hai Phung Author-X-Name-First: Viet-Hai Author-X-Name-Last: Phung Title: Ethnicity, migration and employment disadvantage under New Labour: reviewing the evidence from the United Kingdom Abstract: Despite economic growth and extensive labour market interventions, the employment disadvantage faced by ethnic minorities and migrants in the UK changed little under the previous Labour Government. Ethnic minorities and migrants in the UK are still significantly less likely to be in employment and are more likely to be unemployed than the majority white population. The key explanatory factors are often inter-connected and include: geographical deprivation; deindustrialisation; education; limited social capital; large families; inaccessible childcare; ill-health; ethnic penalties and discrimination; and restrictive asylum policies. That such employment disadvantage still exists in the UK suggests that the previous Labour Government's policies were insufficiently effective. This demands a new approach that increases the opportunities available to ethnic minorities and migrants to enable them to achieve labour market success. With this in mind, the UK's new Coalition Government should consider interventions that aim to level up employment opportunities for these groups by recognising that some labour market disadvantages are common across all ethnic groups, while others are more relevant for particular ethnic groups. The article focuses on Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Black Caribbeans, as well as asylum seekers and refugees, because they are some of the most disadvantaged ethnic and migrant groups in the UK. In doing so, it is important to recognise that the majority white population, the ethnic minority and migrant populations cannot be treated as separate homogeneous entities because the reality is much more nuanced. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 497-513 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.581905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.581905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:5:p:497-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601210_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Karim Murji Author-X-Name-First: Karim Author-X-Name-Last: Murji Title: Race policy and politics: two case studies from Britain Abstract: This article considers academic engagements with policy and politics and, in particular, race and racism through two case studies. Contextualising such engagements within wide ranging debates about the relationship between academics, research, and policy and politics, two dimensions are utilised to analyse the examples presented. These are, firstly, the inside/outside (the location and extent of academic engagement) and, secondly, the link between knowledge and politics. These are applied to two examples or cases from the UK, both of which concern racism and the police. The first was a public inquiry in which the idea of institutional racism was powerfully resurrected; the second was an employment tribunal alleging racial discrimination – so the same idea may have been expected to be raised but was not. In part the abstract is concerned with this striking difference between the cases. In the two cases the author has been equivalent to an ‘observer’ and a ‘participant’, and the article sets out some dilemmas for academics when acting in public roles or arenas. The main argument is that in spite of the tenuousness of the dichotomies between theory/practice and observation/participation, as well as the ones between insider/outsider roles and instrumental and critical knowledge, they can all be significant in terms of how politics plays out and policy is fashioned. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 585-598 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:6:p:585-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_626317_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Serena Cinque Author-X-Name-First: Serena Author-X-Name-Last: Cinque Title: Administrative discretion in the management of Swedish wolf policy Abstract: This article explores the use of administrative discretion in the management of Swedish wolf policy. Using an ethnographic method, the study deploys three conceptual categories (legal conditions, moral evaluations and organisational rules) to describe and explain how and why the administrators at the county administrative boards approach their tasks using administrative discretion. Overall results indicate that the main reason why authorities exercise discretion is to increase the effectiveness of what they see as an incomplete law. This conclusion is supported by evidence demonstrating that more positive evaluations of the regulatory framework are associated with less exercise of discretion. Moreover, the officers try to interpret each rule in a way that increases acceptance of the predator policy and decreases the risk of protest. The results indicate that, to better support and guide administrative agencies, the law needs to be reinforced by giving officers more specific and detailed rules and instruments. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 599-614 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.626317 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.626317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:6:p:599-614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601208_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Keith Cowling Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Cowling Author-Name: Philip Tomlinson Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Tomlinson Title: The Japanese model in retrospective: industrial strategies, corporate Japan and the ‘hollowing out’ of Japanese industry Abstract: This article provides a retrospective look at the Japanese model of industrial development. This model combined an institutional approach to production based around the Japanese Firm (Aoki's, J-mode) and strategic state intervention in industry by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). For a long period, the alignment of state and corporate interests appeared to match the wider public interest as the Japanese economy prospered. However, since the early 1990s, the global ambitions of the corporate sector have contributed to a significant ‘hollowing out’ of Japan's industrial base. As the world today looks for a new direction in economic management, we suggest the Japanese model provides policy-makers with a salutary lesson in tying the wider public interest with those of the corporate sector. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 569-583 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601208 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601208 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:6:p:569-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637677_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Bessant Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Bessant Title: Conservatives, politics and the crisis of modern education in Australia Abstract: This article offers an analysis of conservative critiques of education with particular attention given to how policy problems are framed to build public consensus. It investigates how conservatives claim political legitimacy and describe education and social problems in ways that promote a conservative agenda. Using a case study of the Australian Howard Government's education policy, the article draws on Lakoff's work and particularly his ‘moral accounting schemes’ to identify the politics that are not always apparent in debates, but which nonetheless play a powerful role in popular and policy understandings of schools and universities and which help shape policy solutions to the problems those educational institutions are said to face. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 631-647 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:6:p:631-647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_629529_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Aaron Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Aaron Author-Name: Angela Ragusa Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Ragusa Title: Policy implications of gay men's workplace experiences: public service employees in Australia's capital, Canberra Abstract: In 2008, changes in Australian federal legislation commenced the removal of workplace policies that historically discriminated against non-heterosexual employees. Academic research, however, reveals that much workplace discrimination is covert. To examine perceptions of covert workplace discrimination, experiences of gay men employed in the public service in the Australian Capital Territory in Canberra were investigated using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed a range of workplace experiences by gay male employees including perceived positive cultural change and continued sexuality-based discrimination. Participants’ workplace experiences included perceived general acceptance of homosexuality as well as workplace cliques and discrimination in specific instances. These perceptions occurred despite official changes in workplace legislation and the unanimous existence of employment opportunity, anti-discrimination and/or anti-bullying or harassment policies. This research advocates the need to prioritise identifying, managing and reviewing existing workplace policies and practices that fail to include covert sexuality-based discrimination as a means to improve workplace dynamics for all employees, thereby reducing social inequality. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 615-630 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.629529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.629529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:32:y:2011:i:6:p:615-630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601200_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Brian Head Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Head Title: The contribution of integrity agencies to good governance Abstract: This article considers how the goals and functions of specialised integrity agencies fit into the broader spectrum of pro-integrity and anti-corruption activities within the public sector. While there has been some debate concerning the appropriate scope and powers of specialised integrity agencies (or ‘watchdog’ agencies), they have been widely regarded in recent decades as fundamental to good governance in western democracies. In countries where these bodies have been instituted, they have often been effective not only in tackling corrupt or fraudulent activities, but also in helping senior office-holders to avoid conflicts of interest and in contributing to a culture of accountability and transparency. However, regardless of their formal powers, integrity agencies cannot be expected to function effectively if inserted as transformative agents into an unsupportive political and business culture. Related institutional arrangements are needed to provide reinforcement for their independent work. In this respect, integrity agencies work best in those democratic countries where accountability and transparency are well incorporated in public sector systems and where political leadership is concerned to support these values. Recent developments in Australia are discussed to illustrate the ongoing challenges of building and revitalising integrity in public institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 7-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601200 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601200 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:7-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637324_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Beyond the integrity paradox – towards ‘good enough’ governance? Abstract: This article understands integrity in public administration as a metaphor for the crafting of accountable, transparent, competent and responsive public administration underpinned by the concept of public value. It further argues that the design of effective integrity agencies requires a broad understanding of the obstacles to the achievement of integrity in public administration, the options for integrity reform and the appropriate strategic framework for implementing them. It concludes that integrity in public administration provides a methodology for achieving ‘good enough’ governance – a relative, evolving and culturally defined aspiration – otherwise known in mature democracies as representative, responsible and accountable government. It observes, however, that the achievement of integrity in public administration is as much a behavioural challenge as a problem of institutional design. Over the past two decades there has been a fascination with responding to integrity problems either through structural reform and the proliferation of integrity policy and processes to reinforce workplace integrity or by creating new institutions. These are often layered over existing institutions without due reflection on roles and responsibilities creating a crowded and inefficient policy and operational environment. Public organisations consequently spend a great deal of time, energy and resources on meeting compliance obligations rather than embedding integrity values in the hearts and minds of public servants. The removal of this integrity paradox remains the central challenge for integrity reform in Australia and has strong cadences in other Westminster style democracies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 97-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:97-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_635884_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Aulich Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Aulich Author-Name: Roger Wettenhall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Wettenhall Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Understanding integrity in public administration: Guest Editors' Introduction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.635884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.635884 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601217_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roger Wettenhall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Wettenhall Title: Integrity agencies: the significance of the parliamentary relationship Abstract: One of the outcomes of the work of the global NGO Transparency International has been the development of the concept of the ‘national integrity system’, and within that context there is growing interest in a set of public agencies involved in the encouragement, establishment, protection and maintenance of such systems. Some of these agencies are now quite venerable, but their number has been increasing rapidly. In their work, however, they face a serious problem. Governments draw attention to them as accountability devices, but is that just window-dressing? In the performance of their work they will inevitably conflict with or embarrass governments from time to time, so the temptation is to starve them of funds or otherwise weaken them so that their threat potential is much diminished. It is important, therefore, that measures be put in place to protect THEM as they perform their duties. This article examines this proposition, explores the role of parliament as the obvious (but problematic) protector, and notes particularly the development of the notion of ‘officers of parliament’ as a special protective device. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 65-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:65-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637325_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Scott Prasser Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Prasser Title: Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective Abstract: This article reviews developments in the Australian integrity system made during the last three decades. It evaluates current organisational arrangements across national and state jurisdictions and examines the drivers and challenges involved with further expansion of integrity systems. The article argues that, while a more comprehensive system of integrity may be warranted, there have been improvements and that there are limits to further expansion of integrity frameworks given Australia's particular system of government. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:21-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601203_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Aulich Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Aulich Title: Autonomy and control in three Australian Capital Territory-based integrity agencies Abstract: This article discusses the cases of three integrity agencies in one Australian jurisdiction and the means by which control is exercised and autonomy guaranteed. Integrity agencies include audit and ombudsman offices that have checking and vetting responsibilities over other parts of the administrative system. From the cases studied, it was evident that legislative arrangements were formally designed to provide considerable protections for the operational autonomy of all three integrity agencies, but that government control was primarily exercised through the appropriation of agency funds via parliamentary mechanisms. The cases also revealed that control can be, perhaps, more political and unpredictable when the government of the day dominates the parliament and its role in budget appropriation. What also emerged was the importance of other controls such as professional codes of conduct and the significance of securing ‘real’ autonomy with the development of the reputation, esteem and professional linkages by the integrity agencies themselves. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 49-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601203 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601203 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:49-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637326_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Brenton Prosser Author-X-Name-First: Brenton Author-X-Name-Last: Prosser Title: New integrity issues for independents and minority governments Abstract: There is always a need for new measures of public accountability and integrity, not so much because current systems are lacking, but because new challenges constantly arise. One such challenge is emerging as parliamentary systems within Westminster-influenced jurisdictions are becoming more accustomed to minority parties and/or independents playing a significant role in government. This is particularly potent in the current Australian context where a minority parliament has resulted in a situation where the changing vote of any parliamentarian could change the outcome of legislation. This situation raises new questions and presents new opportunities for the development of enhanced measures to support ethical action and decision-making for all parliamentarians. More specifically, the anticipated creation of an Australian Commissioner of Parliamentary Integrity, with a brief to provide advice on ethical issues for parliamentarians, provides such an opportunity. This article draws on recent literature to put forward an expanded model of ‘parliamentary integrity’, as well as acknowledging the need for greater practical utility of concepts in this field by exploring a range of challenges that face independents and single-member parties. It suggests that the new Commissioner's role might be grounded in a notion of parliamentary integrity as the service of the public good, rather than the simple avoidance of coercion, corruption or crime. In doing so, the article identifies not only an opportunity to respond to the current political landscape in Australia but also to set a new standard for integrity and accountability in Westminster systems. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 79-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637326 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637326 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:79-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601202_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ian Thynne Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Thynne Title: Institutional maturity and challenges for integrity bodies Abstract: Integrity bodies, as monitoring and review authorities, are dualistic institutions acutely subject to the forces of integration and autonomy. They are usefully embraced by governance perspectives that suggest ascending levels of maturity through which all institutions can potentially progress. The perspectives and levels have distinctive features with inherent challenges ideally requiring the involvement of particular types of institutional leaders. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 37-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:37-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_680808_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Driver Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Driver Title: Narratives of British democracy Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 115-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.680808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.680808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:115-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_680807_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Lee Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Towards an English narrative of democracy? Abstract: This article explores the opportunity for, and some of the political, ideological and institutional impediments to, the articulation of an English narrative of democracy. Such a narrative would locate an understanding of recent developments in the politics, governance and political economy of England within the much broader and challenging framework of the political history of England, and in particular the English tradition of radical thinking and political movements. On the one hand, this article identifies potential for the development of an English narrative in the recent scholarship of historians, and the growing evidence of popular support for a political and institutional expression of English identity. On the other hand, this article identifies the two greatest obstacles to the development of an English narrative as the tradition of British modernisation, which has been the dominant political narrative during the twentieth-century British politics, and the absence of political imagination about democracy, citizenship and England among the British political elite. The conclusion drawn is that an English narrative of democracy could help provide a fair and just settlement for England, but major ideological and institutional impediments remain to its development. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 173-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.680807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.680807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:173-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637453_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. Aughey Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Aughey Title: Northern Ireland narratives of British democracy Abstract: The article explores the contentious meanings in Northern Ireland not only of ‘democracy’ but also of ‘British’. It examines the influence of ideas of majoritarian democracy in Northern Ireland and how the legitimacy of that majoritarian narrative was challenged after 1969. The difficulties of developing an alternative and shared narrative of democratic participation, known as power-sharing, is considered and the current outline of the so-called Northern Ireland political ‘model’ of democratic politics is described and its operative strengths and deficiencies identified. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 145-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:145-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_601205_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matt Beech Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Beech Title: A social democratic narrative of British democracy Abstract: This article argues that social democracy as a political ideology has much to contribute to a narrative of British democracy. Democracy is the central tenet of social democracy and this distinguishes it from Marxist socialism. However, despite the Labour Party in Britain emanating from a rich tradition of democratic politics, Labour elites have often been reluctant democratisers. Firstly, this article evaluates the ideological role of democracy in social democracy; secondly, it weighs New Labour's record on the democratisation agenda; and finally, it prescribes three democratic reforms to aspects of the British political system consistent with the aims of social democracy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 133-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.601205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.601205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:133-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637327_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Driver Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Driver Author-Name: Alexander Hensby Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Hensby Author-Name: Joanne Sibthorpe Author-X-Name-First: Joanne Author-X-Name-Last: Sibthorpe Title: The shock of the new? Democratic narratives and political agency Abstract: Political parties were at the heart of the traditional narrative of British democracy. But parties as agents of political mobilisation are in decline. By contrast, membership of political pressure groups and social movement organisations has grown considerably. This shift in political activism is considered by some, but by no means all, to offer a radical alternative narrative of democratic participation. This article examines the organisational changes taking place behind this shift; and explores the extent to which more traditional models of political agency can be reformed in ways that supports and sustains the political activism at the core of a healthy democratic society. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 159-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:159-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_637328_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philip Norton Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Norton Title: Speaking for the people: a conservative narrative of democracy Abstract: A Conservative accepts that democracy entails government by and (especially) for the people, but what constitutes the people is seen not in narrow but in expansive terms: the people are not confined to those who constitute a present transient majority but encompass rather past and future generations. Democracy is tempered by the need to avoid dictatorship of the masses, entrusting the task of governing to those chosen by the people and able to lead in interests of the people. Government entails a balance between accountability and autonomy, a balance delivered by the Westminster system of government, a system challenged by attempts at fundamental constitutional change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 121-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.637328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.637328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:121-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_694267_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nicola Coe Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Coe Title: Health panels: the development of a meaningful method of public involvement Abstract: In England, National Health Service (NHS) organisations have a legal duty to ensure public involvement in health service design and delivery, and health panels are suggested in the guidance as one method of involving the public in this way. The Somerset Health Panels were established in 1994 and continue to be used as the main example of health panels – a distinct method for gathering the views of the public about health services. This article provides an analysis of the changes that took place during their development (1994–2003) in terms of their design, the management and organisation of the panels, the impact of NHS reconfiguration and policy, and changes and relationships within the research team and reflects on how they remain a relevant method of public involvement. As the public involvement in health agenda continues to strengthen in England under the coalition government, lessons learnt about the sustainability, adaptability and flexibility of the panels are as important today as they were then. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 263-281 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.694267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.694267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:263-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_658260_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paola Mattei Author-X-Name-First: Paola Author-X-Name-Last: Mattei Title: Raising educational standards: national testing of pupils in the United Kingdom, 1988–2009 Abstract: Raising the basic standards of competence achieved by school children has become a primary objective of governments across Europe. A high performing educational system is taken to be fundamental in achieving European economic competitiveness. Children leaving primary schools with difficulty in reading, writing and arithmetic or a meagre understanding of science are unlikely to achieve the qualifications at secondary school required to secure jobs that will raise them above a poverty line. On one hand, in England, the government has pioneered a radical school reform programme over the last 20 years, including national testing of school children at regular intervals. On the other, high stakes testing was pursued only partially and briefly in Scotland and Wales and then largely abandoned after devolution. National testing in the UK has been associated with increasingly marked divergent outcomes in the UK. This article focuses on the following central question: how far the divergent reform policies in England, Scotland and Wales reflect differences in social policy objectives and how far a very different understanding in the means of achieving them? Empirical findings point to the widening gap in educational attainments across the UK countries and highlight the critical situation in Scotland where test results have stagnated in the last 10 years. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 231-247 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.658260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.658260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:231-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_658259_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David McCollum Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: McCollum Title: Towards (un)sustainable employment? Exploring policy responses to work-welfare cycling Abstract: Employment policies have conventionally focused on the transition from welfare to work. However, many of those who leave out of work benefits for employment return to them again relatively quickly, meaning that some people perpetually cycle between work and welfare for much of their working lives. This article considers policy responses to labour market disadvantage in the UK and the extent to which they can help and hinder individuals’ efforts to sustain employment. Evidence based on 130 semi-structured interviews with work-welfare ‘cyclers’, service providers and employers in Glasgow and Dundee is presented and an argument developed which contends that policy responses to employment instability are currently limited in scope and promote only an unambitious conception of sustainable employment. This article argues that employment policies need to go beyond their almost exclusive focus of getting people into work per se and instead give greater priority to promoting sustainable transitions into employment. The research finds that a more sophisticated funding and evaluation framework for contracting out provision and steps to combat the unsustainable nature of the jobs that many jobseekers are restricted to would represent positive steps in the direction of a welfare-in-work policy agenda. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 215-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.658259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.658259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:215-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_666395_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hannah Lambie-Mumford Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Lambie-Mumford Author-Name: David Jarvis Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Jarvis Title: The role of faith-based organisations in the Big Society: opportunities and challenges Abstract: The ‘Big Society’ is a key policy driver for the new UK Government. It is an agenda which purports to re-establish the relationship between the state and civil society, raising important questions for social policy. Driving this agenda is a focus on a reduced role for government, based on the notion that local communities and organisations are best placed to identify and respond to local needs. The voluntary and community sector (VCS) is posited as having a key role to play in this and the article looks at the particular case of faith-based organisations (FBOs), drawing on empirical work in Oxfordshire. Reflecting research findings, the article identifies opportunities for FBOs framed in the overarching promise of the Big Society to harness and support the potential of local responses to community needs. At the same time, key challenges are identified in relation to how the policy agenda will be implemented in reality. Specifically, policy makers face a dilemma in relation to, on the one hand maintaining standards of delivery and promoting social justice, and on the other protecting the characteristics which enable VCS organisations generally, and FBOs in particular, to meet the needs of their local community effectively in ways they feel are appropriate. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 249-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.666395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.666395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:249-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_658258_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Sara Nadin Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Nadin Title: Tackling the undeclared economy in the European construction industry Abstract: Despite the widespread recognition that many businesses and employees in the European construction industry engage in off-the-books practices, there has been little attempt so far either to provide evidence of the prevalence and nature of this undeclared economy in the European construction industry or to evaluate what needs to be done to tackle this phenomenon. This article fills these gaps. To evaluate the extent and character of the undeclared economy in the European construction industry, this article reports the findings of a 2007 Eurobarometer survey on the undeclared economy conducted in 27 European Union member states. This will reveal its widespread prevalence across the European construction industry along with its heterogeneous forms and uneven distribution both spatially and across different population groups. Attention then turns to evaluating the potential policy approaches for tackling the undeclared economy in the European construction industry, namely laissez-faire, deterrence and facilitating declaration. The finding is that a laissez-faire approach should be rejected because it leaves intact the existing negative impacts of the undeclared economy on construction businesses, customers and governments, whilst deterring such work is found to be neither effective nor necessarily desirable since most governments wish to move such endeavour into the declared economy rather than simply eradicate it. Only facilitating the declaration of undeclared work practices is found to be a viable possible policy approach. The article then details a wide range of policy measures which could be used in the European construction industry to facilitate the declaration of undeclared work practices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 193-214 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.658258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.658258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:193-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_694639_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Lawless Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Lawless Title: Can area-based regeneration programmes ever work? Evidence from England's New Deal for Communities Programme Abstract: The New Deal for Communities (NDC) Programme is one of the most intensive area-based initiatives (ABIs) ever launched in England. Between 1998 and 2011, 39 Partnerships were charged with improving conditions in relation to six outcomes within deprived neighbourhoods, each accommodating around 9800 people. The evaluation of the Programme points to only modest net change for NDC areas and their residents, much of which reflects improving attitudes towards the area, rather than for the people-related outcomes of health, education and worklessness. The Programme's architecture was based on four key principles each of which impacted on change. Community engagement reaped fewer benefits, and proved more problematic, than had been anticipated; working with other delivery agencies was complex, providing less in the way the way of direct financial support than was true for other English ABIs; central government impacted on change through an initial over-emphasis on spending annual financial allocations combined with a later marginalisation of ABIs; and outcome change at the neighbourhood level is anyway largely beyond the control of local regeneration schemes. Nevertheless, there are reasons why area-based regeneration schemes might be pursued, including evidence that individuals benefit from local interventions, even if such effects are difficult to measure. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 313-328 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.694639 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.694639 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:313-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_694184_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lauretta Frederking Author-X-Name-First: Lauretta Author-X-Name-Last: Frederking Title: A comparative study of framing immigration policy after 11 September 2001 Abstract: Immigration policy studies often assume the relevance of path dependency or contingency. This study weighs institutional changes, party changes and media as factors potentially driving immigration policy shifts after 11 September 2001. In spite of change with each of these factors, immigration policy debate in the USA and Canada presents framing as a vehicle for absorbing exogenous shock while maintaining consistency in terms of immigration policy orientation. The USA and Canada converge after September 11 in filtering immigration through the lens of terrorism. However, in the longer run political representatives in Canada frame terrorism around human rights issues and thereby return immigration to its distinct and familiar policy orientation of openness and inclusiveness. Historically, border security, which has been narrowly defined in terms of illegal immigration, and the economy compete for salience around US immigration policy. After September 11 US representatives frame terrorism around security issues that expand much further beyond illegal immigration, and strongly reinforce this particular security dimension of its immigration policy orientation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 283-296 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.694184 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.694184 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:283-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_694187_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera Author-X-Name-First: Guadalupe Author-X-Name-Last: Correa-Cabrera Author-Name: Miriam Rojas-Arenaza Author-X-Name-First: Miriam Author-X-Name-Last: Rojas-Arenaza Title: The mathematics of Mexico–US migration and US immigration policy Abstract: This article analyses some of the ‘numbers’ behind the migration phenomenon and immigration policy design in the USA. The principal aim of this study is to assess the use of quantitative data and analyses, migration statistics and the mass media to support the passage (or justify the failure) of recent key initiatives that affect undocumented or illegal immigration in the USA, in particular immigration originating in Mexico. The study concludes that the misuse of numbers, the production of media spectacles that present illegal immigrants as quite harmful for the US economy and society, and the politicisation of the immigration process in general, have had a major impact on recent failed attempts to reform the dysfunctional US immigration system. These factors also influenced the passage of Arizona's SB 1070 in 2010, as well as the recent passage of other anti-immigrant legislation in more US states. Overall, the ‘mathematics’ of Mexico–US migration is not always reliable. Some questionable numbers have been recently used to justify inappropriate and ineffective migration policies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 297-312 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.694187 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.694187 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:297-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_699799_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris Grover Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Grover Title: Localism and poverty in the United Kingdom: the case of Local Welfare Assistance Abstract: This article focuses on the UK's Coalition Government's plans to abolish the discretionary Social Fund and replace it, at least in part, with Local Welfare Assistance (LWA). The article examines this proposal by locating LWA in debates about localism, the idea of which in policy terms unites the two political parties that make up the Coalition government. The article explores the Coalition government's approach to localism and debates about it, and related issues concerning autonomy, freedom and democracy. It then goes on to examine the reasons for the abolition of the discretionary Social Fund and the Coalition government's plans for LWA. The article notes that LWA is framed by a discourse related to the Coalition government's view of the importance of localised solutions to entrenched economic and social problems. However, it is argued, that in the case of ‘exceptional expenses’ provision, localism is equally, if not more, problematic than the Social Fund administered by central government. This is because the most problematic aspects of the Social Fund are to continue when LWA is introduced and these problems will be augmented by the difficulties that local politics bring to the relief of poverty. The article concludes that while it is difficult to differentiate whether the Coalition government is planning to localise ‘exceptional expenses’ support because of ideology or pragmatism, such a move is likely to have a detrimental impact on income poor people. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 349-365 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.699799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.699799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:349-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_695945_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Timothy Legrand Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Legrand Title: Overseas and over here: policy transfer and evidence-based policy-making Abstract: This article examines the relationship between evidence-based policy-making and policy transfer. The policy transfer framework has been widely employed across a range of disciplines in recent years, yet has also attracted criticism for its failure to adequately explain why policy officials engage in transfer at all. This article considers the changed political landscape after the election of New Labour in the UK in 1997 and argues that the policy transfer of welfare-to-work policy ideas from the USA was at least partly driven by pressure to develop evidence-based policy. In doing so, this article provides two new contributions to the literature. First, it asserts New Labour's injunction to use evidence-based welfare policy provides an important explanation as to why UK officials adopted US welfare approaches. Second, using a series of interviews and document analysis, this article finds that, in addition to welfare policy ideas, UK policy officials adopted policy evaluation techniques from the USA. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 329-348 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.695945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.695945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:329-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_705644_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sultan Barakat Author-X-Name-First: Sultan Author-X-Name-Last: Barakat Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Steven Zyck Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Zyck Title: Karzai's curse – legitimacy as stability in Afghanistan and other post-conflict environments Abstract: Post-conflict reconstruction and stabilisation have focused upon the establishment of both strong states capable of maintaining stability and various forms of ‘Good Governance’. However, both presume the development of substantial security sectors and highly functioning administrative systems within unrealistically brief periods of time. The failure to meet such inflated expectations commonly results in the disillusionment of both the local populations and the international community, and, hence, increased state fragility and decreased aid financing and effectiveness. As such the authors re-frame the basic question by asking how stabilisation can be achieved in spite of weak state institutions during reconstruction processes. Based upon extensive field research in Afghanistan and other conflict-affected contexts, the authors propose a model of post-conflict stabilisation focused primarily on the attainment of legitimacy by state institutions. Finally, the authors examine how legitimacy-oriented stabilisation and reconstruction will benefit from emerging models of ‘collaborative governance’ which will allow international interventions, through consociational relationships with fragile states and civil society, to bolster rather than undermine political legitimacy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 439-454 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.705644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.705644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:439-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_719725_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sudeepa Abeysinghe Author-X-Name-First: Sudeepa Author-X-Name-Last: Abeysinghe Title: ‘Because we all know that vaccines are an extremely effective public health tool’: path dependency, H1N1 and the World Health Organisation Abstract: Infectious disease threats are surrounded by scientific uncertainty. As a result, institutional structures can heavily determine the way in which such risks are managed. This is illustrated by the World Health Organisation's (WHO) management of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Given this, theories of path dependency, derived from the ‘new institutionalism’, are useful in analysing such events. This article examines theories of institutional and discursive path dependency in respect to the case study of the WHO's management of H1N1. It argues that the WHO's emphasis on the use of vaccines as a protective measure constitutes a path dependent reaction, based on the organisation's historical achievements with vaccines and its discourse surrounding vaccine use. Furthermore, in contrast to accounts which understand historical and institutional path dependency as exclusive theoretical models, the article argues that institutional and discursive path dependencies were mutually interacting in forming the WHO's response to H1N1. Finally, the article explores the question of institutional change within theories of path dependency. Here, using the case of the WHO, it is shown that the interference of an outside actor, the Council of Europe, caused the WHO to internally evaluate its actions, leading to institutional change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 381-397 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.719725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.719725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:381-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_722287_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Chaney Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Chaney Title: New legislative settings and the application of the participative-democratic model of mainstreaming equality in public policy making: evidence from the UK's devolution programme Abstract: Studies of established parliamentary contexts highlight institutional barriers to mainstreaming equality of opportunity in public policy-making. In contrast, this paper uses an actor-centred institutionalist perspective to explore the case of the new devolved legislatures in the UK purposively designed with mechanisms to broaden engagement in the policy process. It assesses progress in applying the participative-democratic model of mainstreaming to policy-making. The findings – based upon analysis of legislative proceedings and equality and human rights organisations' accounts – reveal that ‘system openness’ has afforded opportunities to engage in – and influence – policy work. Yet, problems and shortcomings are also identified – signifying a ‘disconnect’ between the rhetoric and reality of mainstreaming at the meso-level – and continuity with the pre-existing policy style in UK governance. The wider significance of this is that potential gains afforded by the adoption of mainstreaming in legislative settings purposively designed to foster the engagement of exogenous interests can be negated by leadership issues and government failure to secure the full range of pre-requisites prescribed by mainstreaming theory. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 455-476 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.722287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:455-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_722286_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mat Hope Author-X-Name-First: Mat Author-X-Name-Last: Hope Author-Name: Ringa Raudla Author-X-Name-First: Ringa Author-X-Name-Last: Raudla Title: Discursive institutionalism and policy stasis in simple and compound polities: the cases of Estonian fiscal policy and United States climate change policy Abstract: Discursive institutionalism is the ‘newest’ of the new institutionalisms. The majority of work employing discursive institutionalism as a framework has so far focused on how it contributes to understanding policy change. Until now, however, little attention has been paid to how discursive institutionalism can help to explain the equally significant phenomenon of policy stasis. This imbalance is addressed here through a discursive institutionalist analysis of two cases of policy stasis: Estonian fiscal policy and United States climate change policy. It is argued that policy stasis – far from being a passive and inactive state – actually involves a large amount of discursive activity by multiple actors. This activity creates, legitimates and perpetuates policy discourses, which ultimately entrench governmental commitments to policy stasis. The article proceeds in three parts. First, a theoretical model is advanced which builds on existing discursive institutionalist literature to modify the theory towards explaining policy stasis. This model is then applied to the two case studies and it is shown how, and to what extent, ‘discourse’ operates as a causal factor. Finally, it is shown how different institutional contexts affect the causal processes whereby the policy discourse becomes streamlined or complexified depending on the ‘simple’ or ‘compound’ characteristics of the polity. It is concluded that discursive institutionalism is a useful theory for understanding policy stasis in its various forms in both simple and compound polities, and that the role of ‘discourse’ in explaining such situations is deserving of greater scholarly attention. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 399-418 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.722286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:399-418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_626315_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Linda Botterill Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Botterill Author-Name: Andrew Hindmoor Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Hindmoor Title: Turtles all the way down: bounded rationality in an evidence-based age Abstract: Evidence-based policy-making (EBPM) has become both a catch-cry and aspiration of governments. Drawing on ‘the evidence’, governments seek to focus on ‘what works’ and so avoid the pitfalls of policy driven by ideology or values. Critics of EBPM remind us that the policy process remains messy and uncertain and that while research may deliver the latest scientific evidence, it is not always translated effectively into policy. We argue that the problems with EBPM run much deeper. This is not only because of the way in which knowledge is employed by policy-makers but because of the way in which knowledge is collected and communicated to policy-makers. It is well understood that policy actors are boundedly rational and this impacts upon the way in which evidence is used in the policy process. What has not been clearly articulated and is the focus of this article is that bounded rationality applies equally to the production of evidence. Drawing on the work of Polish microbiologist Ludwick Fleck we discuss how the process of systematically collecting and communicating evidence can undermine the aspirations of EPBM. We illustrate this argument with reference to recent policy debates about obesity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 367-379 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2011.626315 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2011.626315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:367-379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_709093_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonathan Payne Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Payne Title: Fronting up to skills utilisation: what can we learn from Scotland's skills utilisation projects? Abstract: Policy makers in many countries have long insisted that skills are critical to economic performance and social cohesion/inclusion. However, it is increasingly recognised that if skills are to fully deliver on this agenda, they have to be used effectively inside the workplace. While such statements can now be observed in the skills strategies of England, Scotland and Wales, much less is understood about how to design effective interventions in this new and challenging area of policy. Of particular interest then are the 12 ‘action research’ projects currently being funded by the Scottish Funding Council, which are aimed at testing the role that universities and colleges might potentially play in improving skills utilisation. Drawing upon interviews with project managers, employers and employees involved in three of the projects as well as with key Scottish policy makers, the article examines progress to date. It finds some initial evidence for establishing proof of concept and highlights challenges in terms of capacity building and sustainability. Drawing parallels with Scandinavian workplace development programmes, the article argues that the programme can potentially contribute to a broader approach to business improvement and innovation policy in Scotland, with universities and colleges more closely engaged as a key strategic partner. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 419-438 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.709093 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.709093 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:5:p:419-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_744607_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.744607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.744607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_722293_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Sultan Barakat Author-X-Name-First: Sultan Author-X-Name-Last: Barakat Title: Post-war reconstruction, policy transfer and the World Bank: the case of Afghanistan's National Solidarity Programme Abstract: This article investigates the role of the World Bank as an agent of international policy transfer in post-war reconstruction and development. A heuristic method which integrates policy transfer network theory, participant observation and implementation analysis is developed and then used to map the process of policy-oriented learning underpinning the emergence and development of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's National Solidarity Programme (NSP). Drawing on the findings of a mid-term evaluation conducted by the authors for the World Bank it reveals that initial World Bank funding of the NSP was opportunistic; a voluntary form of policy transfer emerged from a cohesive policy transfer network which mainly drew lessons from the Kecamatan Development Project (KDP) in Indonesia, leading to the development of a culturally insensitive model of community-driven development; but due to the technocratic expertise of key indigenous actors and the technical support of facilitating partners, these elements of the programme were successfully mitigated during operational delivery. It concludes that ‘Rational’ lesson-drawing which avoids the ‘learning paradox’ – learning that leads to inappropriate transfer – can be successful. In other words, lesson-drawing can be a progressive learning activity, but only if the programme is culturally assimilated through comprehensive evaluation and piloting, builds on existing organisational strengths and is transferred by high-quality indigenous knowledge elites. Local solutions must be found to local problems which deliver public value in terms of direct social or economic benefits to the citizenry. Indeed, although development outcomes have been less than impressive, the NSP has delivered significant gains to the Afghan people with regard to institution-building and social solidarity at the national and community levels. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 541-565 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.722293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:541-565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_728900_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mauricio Dussauge-Laguna Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Author-X-Name-Last: Dussauge-Laguna Title: The neglected dimension: bringing time back into cross-national policy transfer studies Abstract: Policy transfer studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of how the ‘space’ dimension matters for policy and institutional changes. However, the literature has commonly ignored the significance of the ‘temporal’ dimension. This article thus argues for a more systematic consideration of ‘time’ and ‘temporal’ factors to broaden our understanding of how cross-national policy transfers develop, and to strengthen our capacity for explaining why these processes occur in the first place. The article briefly summarises recent scholarly debates on how time/temporal factors matter for politics and public administration/policy; reviews the mostly tangential, isolated and implicit references on time/temporal factors that have been flagged by policy transfer studies; and illustrates how and why ‘time’ might matter for this literature with the use of empirical examples from the transfer of ‘management by results’ practices to Chile and Mexico. The article closes with a discussion on the challenges of building a more ‘time-orientated’ research agenda on cross-national policy transfers. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 567-585 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.728900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.728900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:567-585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_695933_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Diane Stone Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Stone Title: Transfer and translation of policy Abstract: The past two decades have seen a wealth of papers on policy diffusion and policy transfer. In the first half, this paper reviews some of the trends in the literature by looking backwards to the political science diffusion literature, and forwards to the expanding multi-disciplinary social science literatures on policy ‘learning’, ‘mobilities’ and ‘translation’ which qualify many of the rationalist assumptions of the early diffusion/transfer literatures. These studies stress the complexity of context that modifies exports of policy and the need for interpretation or experimentalism in the assemblage of policy. The second half of the paper focuses on role of international organisations and non-state actors in transnational transfer in the spread of norms, standard setting and development of professional communities or networks that promote harmonisation and policy coordination. The ‘soft’ transfer of ideas and information via networks whether they be personal, professional or electronic is rapid and frequent. It is rather more infrequent to see such ideas structure governance and become institutionalised. Knowledge transfer is more extensive than policy transfer. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 483-499 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.695933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.695933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:483-499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_736796_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Policy transfer: into the future, learning from the past Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 587-591 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.736796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.736796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:587-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_722289_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Dolowitz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Dolowitz Author-Name: Melissa Keeley Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Keeley Author-Name: Dale Medearis Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Medearis Title: Stormwater management: can we learn from others? Abstract: While there is considerable amount of literature examining how and why American federal and state governments look for information and ideas, there is considerably less knowledge of how these processes operate at the local level. This is particularly true in the case of how ideas related to sustainable water management policies are found and used by local governments. This article attempts to open this area by examining where, how and to what purpose local agents engage in the transfer of low-impact development policies and techniques. This article is organised around four questions: (1) Is there a basic agreement about the pioneers in stormwater management; (2) Where did agents gather information; (3) Did this involve complex understanding; and (4) What emerged as key obstacles to the transfer and learning processes amongst the local authorities involved in this study? Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 501-521 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722289 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.722289 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:501-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_736795_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Marsh Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Mark Evans Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Policy transfer: coming of age and learning from the experience Abstract: Policy transfer research has been something of a growth industry, reflected in the fact that Google Scholar identifies 17 articles on the subject with more than 100 citations. Of course, as an earlier issue of Policy Studies indicated, the concept and its use have not gone unquestioned. However, the contributors to this volume, for the most part, argue that the study of policy transfer has matured significantly over the last two decades. In order to substantiate this point, we engage here with the article by McCann and Ward which begins this volume. It is an excellent and important example of such a critique, but, in our view, they are a trifle unfair about what they see as the ‘mainstream’, political science approach to the study of policy transfer. As such, we briefly outline McCann and Ward's critique, before considering the later articles in this collection which indicate how these critiques have been, and are being, addressed in the mainstream policy transfer literature. Subsequently, we briefly consider the ontological and epistemological positions which underpin the differences between the approaches of McCann and Ward and the mainstream literature. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 477-481 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.736795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.736795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:477-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_722290_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Timothy Legrand Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Legrand Title: The merry mandarins of Windsor: policy transfer and transgovernmental networks in the Anglosphere Abstract: This article looks at the formation, evolution, operation and outcomes associated with a hitherto unexamined elite policy transfer network. The Windsor Conference, as it is known, is an Anglophone international policy network that is populated by the mandarins of labour market and social policy institutions in the Anglosphere countries of Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. This article presents the preliminary findings of qualitative research undertaken with senior policy officials active in the network. The research highlights the impact that transnational policy networking can have on the dissemination of policy ideas, especially amongst a cohort of elite policy officials. These findings offer an opportunity for critical reflection on the intersection of the concepts of policy transfer and transgovernmentalism, and it is contended that the research yields valuable empirical insights into the murky processes of transgovernmental policy transfer, policy learning and discrete regulation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 523-540 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2012 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2012.722290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:33:y:2012:i:6:p:523-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2040473_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stefanie Dühr Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Dühr Title: Investigating the policy tools of spatial planning Abstract: Spatial planning is a comprehensive field of public policy and characterized by a considerable diversity of policy tools. Some of these policy tools have a long tradition, but a broadening scope of spatial planning over recent decades in many liberal democracies, accompanied by policy reforms to the way in which spatial planning operates, has altered the nature and type of policy instruments in use. Previous analyses have given limited attention to policy tools for urban and regional planning, yet in this article it is argued that a focus on procedural policy tools can allow a structured assessment of implications of major policy reforms for substantive instruments and societal outcomes. A framework for the study of policy tools according to different stages of the policy cycle is proposed. This is applied to recent planning reform in South Australia to understand changes to procedural tools and how these can influence the effectiveness of substantive policy tools. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 258-275 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2040473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2040473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:258-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2039385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Marco Giuliani Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Giuliani Author-Name: Ilaria Madama Author-X-Name-First: Ilaria Author-X-Name-Last: Madama Title: What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act Abstract: The article assesses the impact of the Jobs Act, the labour market reform passed in Italy under Matteo Renzi’s cabinet in 2014–2015. In doing so, the study has a twofold aim. First, it contributes to the scholarly debate on labour market flexibilization, offering fresh empirical evidence about the debated effects of deregulatory reforms on employment performance. Second, our empirical investigation relies on an innovative approach, the synthetic control method, which allows us to estimate what would have happened if the Jobs Act had not been introduced. After the downturns of the Great Recession, the major goal of this flagship initiative was to boost overall employment performance while reducing labour market segmentation and enhancing more stable job opportunities for labour market outsiders, especially among younger cohorts and women. Comparing real-world observations for a number of key employment indicators with their estimated synthetic counterfactuals, we find that the Jobs Act did not fulfil its expectations. In line with part of the most recent literature addressing the impact of deregulatory reforms on employment performance, our results show that over the past five years no significant effects were driven by the reform, which may even have led to an increase in labour market segmentation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 216-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2039385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2039385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:216-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2024160_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Sébastien Chailleux Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien Author-X-Name-Last: Chailleux Author-Name: Philippe Zittoun Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Zittoun Title: A Pragmatist Constructivism Framework (PCF) to understand the undetermined policy process: three policy solutions for shale gas problem Abstract: If most of the traditional policy approaches propose a causal and deterministic framework to explain policy change, they fail to clarify how, in the same context and over a brief period, a government can successively take different and contradictory decisions. In order to understand this phenomenon and to better consider the importance of uncertainty in the policy process, this article develops a pragmatist constructivist framework (PCF) to study the indeterminacy of the struggles that unfold within many public and discrete spaces of debate in the politico-bureaucratic world. It also analyzes the unpredictable flows between these different spaces. Developing a pragmatist approach, the article highlights the uncertain conditions of success of several solution proposals by insisting on the importance of the definitional changes adopted by their spokespersons to facilitate the enlistment of new supporters and resist the various tests in the form of critical arguments and power relations. Drawing on a large qualitative study, the PCF relies on the meticulous empirical reconstitution of interactions and scenes of action to understand the complex and unexpected sequence of events that led to a given solution and to propose a specific analysis attentive to the complex relationship between power, knowledge, meaning and ownership struggles. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 276-296 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2024160 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2024160 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:276-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2040472_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Baruch Levi Author-X-Name-First: Baruch Author-X-Name-Last: Levi Author-Name: Amos Zehavi Author-X-Name-First: Amos Author-X-Name-Last: Zehavi Title: Religious and ethnic identities influence on public views of privatization: the case of Israel Abstract: Public attitudes regarding privatization are important for both political and normative reasons. Past studies of public opinion on privatization have shown how socio-economic variables and ideology shape public views. In this study, we focus on a relatively under-researched factor: identity as it relates to actor preference formation. We explore attitudes toward different privatization types in a society, in which the main political fault lines are not economic, but identity-based: primarily predicated on ethnic group membership and religiosity. Based on a random sample of 1142 Israeli adults, we find that unlike most other countries, identity variables matter more than Socio-Economic Status (SES) in this type of society despite the fact that privatization is primarily perceived as an economic policy. While high levels of religiosity are associated with support for privatization, membership in an ethnic minority, in contrast, is related to negative attitudes. The contrast between the relatively favourable views of ultra-orthodox Jews to the negative ones of Arabs suggests that identity group attitudes toward neoliberal policies cannot simply be explained by SES. Moreover, not only does identity matter for shaping views on public policy, but also the particular specifics of a given identity. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 236-257 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2040472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2040472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:236-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2019212_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Oliver Gruber Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Gruber Author-Name: Sieglinde Rosenberger Author-X-Name-First: Sieglinde Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenberger Title: Between opportunities and constraints: right-wing populists as designers of migrant integration policy Abstract: Anti-immigrant claims are seen as key to the success of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) in parliamentary opposition. Yet migrant integration policies adopted by PRRPs in executive power are still a blind spot in research. Some scholars assess their policy impact as weak and attribute this to a lack of robust policy suggestions, others point to their taming by mainstream coalition partners and by government responsibility. Recently though, PRRPs have found more favourable political opportunities in the increased salience of migration and a rightward shift of centre-right parties. Drawing on policy documents from the Austrian coalition government of the radical right Austrian Freedom Party and the centre-right Austrian People’s Party (2017-2019), this paper investigates policy designs and constraints in the area of migrant integration. Our study points out the impact of PRRPs in government on integration policy through strengthening regulatory instruments, weakening distributive instruments and using organizational instruments to centralize policy implementation at the expense of NGOs. Yet this approach not only alters the substance of policy designs, the radical right also imprints a populist mode of confrontational and accelerated policy-making. Against these changes, taming is left to political and especially institutional constraints at national and international levels. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 155-173 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2019212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2019212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:155-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2015312_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Karolin Sjöö Author-X-Name-First: Karolin Author-X-Name-Last: Sjöö Author-Name: Anne-Charlott Callerstig Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Charlott Author-X-Name-Last: Callerstig Title: The challenges in integrating horizontal perspectives in sectoral policy evaluation Abstract: Integrating horizontal perspectives in sectoral policies is an increasingly popular way to address complex, societal problems like climate change and gender inequality. Policy evaluation can contribute to policy integration by shedding light on the coherence between sectoral goals and the mitigation or solution of the problem in question – including possible synergies and/or conflicts. To denote this evaluation modality, we introduce the concept of “integrated evaluation” – i.e. integrating horizontal perspectives in evaluations of sectoral policies. A Swedish case study helps identify salient factors affecting the implementation of this type of evaluation. We find that the prospect for integrated evaluation is significantly affected by the perceived inappropriateness in asking independent evaluators to contribute to political agendas, the lack of requisite knowledge to produce credible integrated evaluations, and a disinterest in the integrated perspective among policymakers. In light of our case study, we discuss the outlook for this kind of evaluation and provide ideas on how to support its future implementation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 174-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2021.2015312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2021.2015312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:174-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2034776_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stacie Gray Author-X-Name-First: Stacie Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Title: The domestic compliance system and compliance barriers: a UK child rights case study Abstract: An empirical puzzle exists regarding the failure of state parties to comply with international agreements. Offering new empirical insights, this article aims to enhance understanding of non (or weak) compliance with international human rights agreements by state parties. Documentary analysis supplemented with semi-structured interviews is used to explore UK compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Through the empirical case study, the results provide valuable insights into the domestic compliance system and compliance barriers within the under researched human rights sector. The results show that multiple barriers impact compliance within the UK and its four nations, to varying degrees. Differences also exist regarding the extent to which specific barriers emerge within the state and domestic compliance systems. Lastly, the findings provide evidence to support a cyclical model of the domestic compliance system, thereby advancing the current, linear understanding. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 195-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2034776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2034776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:2:p:195-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2049468_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 431-431 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2049468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2049468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:431-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2051467_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oyegoke Teslim Bukoye Author-X-Name-First: Oyegoke Teslim Author-X-Name-Last: Bukoye Author-Name: Ayotunde Hakeem Abdulrahman Author-X-Name-First: Ayotunde Hakeem Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulrahman Title: Organizational culture typologies and strategy implementation: lessons from Nigerian local government Abstract: This study investigates organizational culture typology and strategic implementation process in the local governments of a low middle income country in order to reveal the mix of culture types and implementation patterns that are needed for the success of local governments. Based on rich secondary datasets and in-depth qualitative study of six Nigerian local governments involving 42 participants, the findings highlights that local governments adopt different combinations of organizational cultures and those combinations can have varying implications for the way strategic actors approached their implementation process. As governments and funding bodies, such as the World Bank, continue to seek ways to meet the infrastructural and social needs of low middle income countries, particularly within local governments, this article presents opportunities and a platform for researchers and policy makers to explore the interrelationships between different organizational culture types and strategic implementation process for the successful delivery of developmental projects. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 316-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2051467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2051467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:316-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2053092_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Šárka Laboutková Author-X-Name-First: Šárka Author-X-Name-Last: Laboutková Author-Name: Petr Vymětal Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Vymětal Title: A black box assessment of institutional quality: the challenge of evaluating lobbying transparency Abstract: Lobbying is considered to be a legitimate feature of democratic systems, but a question arises concerning the methods used to influence decision-making processes in these systems; the behaviour of lobbyists and decision-makers can be non-transparent, and it unfairly influences political processes. These accompanying phenomena significantly affect institutional quality. In this paper, we define the link between transparent decision making and a transparent lobbying environment, we provide a new set of indicators for a more precise assessment of the transparent lobbying environment in Catalogue of Transparent Lobbying Environment and we demonstrate the differences between our approach of evaluating transparent lobbying and existing methods for six CEE countries empirically. Finally, we address institutional quality and its evaluation in connection with transparent lobbying and demonstrates the potential of the catalogue. We argue that a transparent lobbying environment should be analyzed in the broader context of the decision-making process and is essential for institutional quality. In this respect, our approach emphasises implementing the so-called sunshine principles to improve current methods of evaluation of transparent lobbying. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 336-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2053092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2053092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:336-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2043266_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Scott Brenton Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Brenton Author-Name: Erik Baekkeskov Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Baekkeskov Author-Name: Adam Hannah Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Hannah Title: Policy capacity: evolving theory and missing links Abstract: We trace the evolution of understandings and applications of policy capacity through a meta-analysis of studies in the policy and administrative sciences that focus on definitions or conceptualizations of capacity, capability or competency, political resources and the functioning of policy systems, and variables or mechanisms leading to outcomes. We critique and disentangle common operationalizations, such as policy success and failure, to enable more complete assessments of whether the state’s policy capacity has diminished in recent times, as often is suggested. Previous research has concentrated on two key properties of the “supply” of policy responses, namely sufficiency and changes over time and across contexts. We argue that there needs to be more consideration of societal demands on governments or governance systems and the (dis)equilibrium between demand and supply generation. Using the analogy of the battery, we propose three interconnected dimensions of policy capacity that better capture the qualities and relationality of supply and demand: administrative capital; contingent political management; and expectations satisfiction. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 297-315 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2043266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2043266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:297-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2044020_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thessalia Merivaki Author-X-Name-First: Thessalia Author-X-Name-Last: Merivaki Author-Name: Mara Suttmann-Lea Author-X-Name-First: Mara Author-X-Name-Last: Suttmann-Lea Title: Can electoral management bodies expand the pool of registered voters? Examining the effects of face-to-face, remote, traditional, and social media outreach Abstract: Electoral management bodies have a responsibility to ensure voters have equitable access to the election process, starting with providing information to successfully navigate it. In this article, we assess the educative effects of different modes of election official voter education on completing the voter registration process. We use surveys of voter education activities submitted by the state of Florida’s 67 County local election officials (LEOs) in the United States to evaluate their impact on new voter registrations between 2014 and 2018. We also use a dataset of Florida election officials’ monthly Facebook activity during the 2020 election to examine the relationship between content-specific social media posts and new voter registrations, and usage of Florida’s online voter registration (OVR) portal. We find that traditional media, specifically newspaper ads, and face-to-face outreach – visits to local communities, and training for third-party voter registration drives – increase new registrations. We also find that sharing Facebook posts about voter registration specifically during the 2020 election cycle increased new registrations and usage of Florida’s OVR system. Our findings have important implications about the breadth of tools electoral management bodies across the world have to inform voters, and how they can use them to facilitate voter access. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 377-407 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2044020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2044020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:377-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2057460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lihi Lahat Author-X-Name-First: Lihi Author-X-Name-Last: Lahat Author-Name: Itai Sened Author-X-Name-First: Itai Author-X-Name-Last: Sened Title: The politics and policies of sleep? Empirical findings and the policy context Abstract: Public policies aim to promote the social good, but they do not always meet this goal. We argue that to improve policy and policy analysis, it is important to pay attention to the cumulative effect of policies on how people use their time. In this study, we looked at the effect of certain policies on sleep. Our exploratory study yielded intriguing findings on sleep in Israel in the specific policy context of a dual burden of work and caregiving. We surveyed 671 participants on the effect of work and care hours on sleep. The findings showed participants slept an average of 6.6 hours and expressed the desire to sleep one hour more. The desire to sleep more was higher than for all other uses of time and was evident in all employment categories. Part-time workers slept more than full-time workers and women, and younger people asked to sleep more than older ones. Long work hours and care hours led to lower sleep hours. Our findings suggest the need to be aware of possible ‘side effects’ in the policy design stage and are relevant to other countries with a care-work burden. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 408-430 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2057460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2057460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:408-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2045928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Youn Ki Author-X-Name-First: Youn Author-X-Name-Last: Ki Title: Intellectual entrepreneurs and U.S. International monetary policy change in the early 1970s Abstract: This study analyzes U.S. international monetary policy change in the early 1970s, with a focus on the role of intellectual entrepreneurs. Drawing on the literature regarding neoliberalism, policy entrepreneurs, and punctuated equilibrium, the author claims that laissez-faire economists—most notably, Milton Friedman and George Shultz—effectively exploited an external shock in persuading key policy audiences and undermining the existing policy regime. Their entrepreneurship, as well as economic ideas, facilitated the turn to a monetary system based on market-determined exchange rates. As such, this research bridges different aspects of neoliberalism: intellectual and policy aspects. Also, it contributes to the scholarship on policy entrepreneurs by suggesting a new strategy: policy neglect. Policy entrepreneurs may refrain from fully implementing existing rules, which, in punctuated equilibrium, can lead to non-compliance on a large scale, instigating a radical policy shift. Further, this research responds to a recent call to examine contextual factors that affect policy entrepreneurship. The policy domain of foreign economic affairs poses distinct challenges and opportunities for policy entrepreneurs, with special implications for policy venue shopping and non-traditional policy audiences. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 356-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2045928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2045928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:3:p:356-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2080813_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maria Schiller Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Schiller Author-Name: Elina Jonitz Author-X-Name-First: Elina Author-X-Name-Last: Jonitz Title: The entanglement of substantive and symbolic politics in immigrant integration: insights from a regional state in Germany Abstract: When discussing the governance of immigrant integration, researchers and policymakers have gone back and forth in either conceiving national governments as determining immigrant integration or ascribing the local level as a strong influence in this field of policy-making. This article focuses on the regional level instead, which has so far often been left out of the picture. Based on extensive fieldwork in the Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration in the regional state Baden-Württemberg in Germany, we examine the character of immigrant integration policy-making in Baden-Württemberg in the aftermath of the long summer of migration. Our findings show the pertinence of symbolic uses of integration policies in combination with substantive uses. We make sense of these findings in light of an increased role of the regional level, the intrinsic symbolic character of immigrant integration, and the resurgence of anti-immigrant politics after 2015 in Baden-Württemberg. Based on our findings we counter a common binary of substantive and symbolic uses of policies and argue that these are often combined and entangled. Furthermore, the results of this study underscore that policy-making on immigrant integration is not reserved for municipalities and national governments and adds that the regional level plays a role too. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 473-495 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2080813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2080813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:473-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2070984_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 553-553 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2070984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2070984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:553-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2051466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Artem Antonyuk Author-X-Name-First: Artem Author-X-Name-Last: Antonyuk Author-Name: Vera N. Minina Author-X-Name-First: Vera N. Author-X-Name-Last: Minina Author-Name: Olga Nikiforova Author-X-Name-First: Olga Author-X-Name-Last: Nikiforova Title: Expert knowledge creation in policy-making: a research perspective from sociological field theory Abstract: The article proposes a conceptual framework for exploring processes of expert knowledge creation in policy fields using recent advances in the sociological field theory. It rests on an observation that policy fields are no longer autonomous, but increasingly embedded in public life, and include actors from other fields who create knowledge for policy-making. While existing research clarifies many aspects of the relationship between expertise and policy-making, little is known about how multiple interrelated actors create expert knowledge and how this knowledge is institutionalized in policy fields. Addressing this gap, the article outlines mechanisms of expert knowledge creation in policy fields. It argues that actors mediating between different field domains succeed in creating influential expert knowledge, as they combine knowledge from disconnected areas and influence the operation of field-level mechanisms. Drawing on examples from the literature, the authors demonstrate the application of the theoretical framework to examine difficult-to-observe knowledge creation mechanisms operating in policy fields. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 535-552 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2051466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2051466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:535-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2077925_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gonzalo Croci Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo Author-X-Name-Last: Croci Author-Name: Gloria Laycock Author-X-Name-First: Gloria Author-X-Name-Last: Laycock Author-Name: Spencer Chainey Author-X-Name-First: Spencer Author-X-Name-Last: Chainey Title: A realistic approach to policy formulation: the adapted EMMIE framework Abstract: Policy formulation is a crucial stage of the policy cycle, where social problems and demands are addressed, and transformed into government policies. This stage is complex and is one of the least analytically developed stages of the policy making process. In this article, we propose an adaptation of the EMMIE framework (created to review and rate the quality of evidence on crime reduction initiatives) as a practical means of encouraging an evidence based, systematic way of formulating policies. We argue that the five components of EMMIE (i.e. Effect, Mechanisms, Moderators, Implementation and Economics) provide useful dimensions that policy makers can apply to understand, plan and formulate successful policies. We suggest the application of the adapted EMMIE framework can improve policy formulation and in turn increase the likelihood of effective policy implementation and evaluation. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 433-453 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2077925 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2077925 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:433-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2087869_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kee Hoon Chung Author-X-Name-First: Kee Hoon Author-X-Name-Last: Chung Title: A new cross-country index measuring the heterogenous effects of informal institutions Abstract: Studies have identified two fundamentally different types of informal institutions: public and private informal institutions. Empirically, most studies have focused on public informal institutions such as social trust, since indexes measuring private informal institutions such as closed trust have been rare. This research introduces a new index of private informal institutions that captures whether private informal institutions hinder or enhance development by complementing, accommodating, competing, or substituting formal institutions. To this end, we introduce an empirical strategy to measure the four types of private informal institutions for more than 120 countries for the years 1990–2010 in a five-year interval. The extracted index reveals that advanced industrial democracies have complementing and accommodating private informal institutions, whereas post-communist and resource-rich countries have substituting private informal institutions, and countries with some experience of democratization and development display competing private informal institutions. The index also shows that private informal institutions can change rapidly, which can expedite and enhance institutional quality for some countries but deteriorate it for others. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 496-518 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2087869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2087869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:496-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2080814_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eleanor Malbon Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: Malbon Author-Name: Justin Parkhurst Author-X-Name-First: Justin Author-X-Name-Last: Parkhurst Title: System dynamics modelling and the use of evidence to inform policymaking Abstract: In recent years there has been growing interest in the policy community to apply insights from system dynamics modelling to address the complexity of many policy issues. This, however, has occurred in parallel to recent developments in critical scholarship on the nature of evidence use within public policymaking. While system dynamics aims to assist in the analysis and solving of complex policy problems, in doing so it also serves to identify which pieces of data and evidence are considered policy-relevant, or how pieces of evidence fit within a complex policy space. In this paper, we combine insights from the fields of complex systems modelling and critical policy studies in relation to these issues. Scholars working on the use of evidence within policymaking have explored how policy problems, and their potential solutions, have a range of potential framings and constructions. They further identify how processes are undertaken to define problems, apply evidence, and choose solutions can themselves specify which constructions become realized. As system dynamics modelling is increasingly applied as a policy-informing tool, it is critical to reflect on how policy issues and their solutions are constructed or understood, as well as whose values and views are represented in doing so. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 454-472 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2080814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2080814 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:454-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2076822_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yu Wang Author-X-Name-First: Yu Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: Revisiting the guns-butter tradeoff: a wavelet analysis of the US and Britain Abstract: This study applies continuous wavelet analysis to examine defense-education and defense-healthcare relations in the US and Britain. It discovers four empirical patterns that have not been shown in the existing literature. First, the defense-welfare tradeoff rarely occurs at cycles less than 6 years and hence is not a short-run phenomenon. Second, very noticeable bilateral tradeoffs between education and defense can be detected. The effect, however, is more pronounced in the direction from education to defense. Third, the defense-welfare tradeoff is much less likely to occur in defense-healthcare relations than defense-education relations. Fourth, a structural change in the defense-healthcare relationship occurred during the 1960s, after which the defense-healthcare connection became primarily complementary. Together, the established patterns question the assumption that the defense sector has a dominant power in budget allocation. They also raise new theoretical and empirical questions demanding future research efforts. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 519-534 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2076822 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2076822 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:4:p:519-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2186385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Tobin Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Tobin Author-Name: Nafhesa Ali Author-X-Name-First: Nafhesa Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Name: Sherilyn MacGregor Author-X-Name-First: Sherilyn Author-X-Name-Last: MacGregor Author-Name: Zarina Ahmad Author-X-Name-First: Zarina Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad Title: “The religions are engaging: tick, well done”: the invisibilization and instrumentalization of Muslim climate intermediaries Abstract: “Climate intermediaries” are “go-betweens”, operating between levels of governance and/or between different types of actors. Faith-based actors (FBAs) are one populous yet neglected type of potential climate intermediary. In the UK, Muslims are the second largest group of religious adherents, yet are “othered”, and face widespread Islamophobia, alongside multiple other intersecting inequalities. Drawing from 21 interviews, we analyse data from individuals self-identifying as Muslim and their experiences of intermediation with state and non-state actors, to understand how such roles manifest. We find that Muslim FBAs are invisibilized and/or instrumentalized as climate intermediaries when engaging with state actors and “mainstream” ENGOs, but can assume such roles effectively when liaising with others from the shared faith or acting in interfaith contexts. The outcome of this obstructed action is a lack of representative or transformative strategies for climate action within “mainstream” fora, leading to subjective fatigue, poor policy design, and Muslim communities instead electing to intermediate through interfaith channels and between other Muslims. Through this article, we seek to redress the invisibilization of Muslim climate intermediaries, and raise critical questions about how climate intermediaries are understood, both within the policy literature, and in policy-making circles. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 627-645 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2186385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2186385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:627-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2149724_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Israel Solorio Author-X-Name-First: Israel Author-X-Name-Last: Solorio Author-Name: Jale Tosun Author-X-Name-First: Jale Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun Title: Presidents and intermediaries: insights from clean energy policy processes in Mexico Abstract: We assess whether different presidents have different “styles” of involving intermediary organizations such as trade unions or business associations in the policy process. Given that temporal variation in the relationship between presidents and intermediaries can be observed, to what extent can the intermediaries included in the policy process be explained by the respective president’s leadership style and/or political ideology? We concentrate on the process by which clean energy policies were formulated under three Mexican presidents between 2006 and 2022. We draw on original data collected through 18 semi-structured interviews carried out with intermediaries between January and July 2022. Our findings show that the different presidents had different policy styles and therefore varied in how they included climate intermediaries in the policy process. This finding has important implications for research on policy styles as well as climate intermediation. Regarding policy styles the results presented call for theorizing of the dynamics observed. As concerns climate intermediaries the corresponding literature is invited to pay more attention to the political context in which they operate. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 608-626 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2149724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2149724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:608-626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2230900_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jale Tosun Author-X-Name-First: Jale Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun Author-Name: Paul Tobin Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Tobin Author-Name: Fay Madeleine Farstad Author-X-Name-First: Fay Madeleine Author-X-Name-Last: Farstad Title: Intermediating climate change: conclusions and new research directions Abstract: The urgency and threats of climate change have elevated the issue to a prominent – albeit often contested – position within the policy process. Resultantly, climate politics and climate change governance have received enhanced attention in both the academic literature and in real-life discourse. Yet, except regarding certain empirical contexts, there has been a lack of conceptualization or analysis of intermediating actors in climate politics – what we term “climate intermediaries” – that bridge between different types of actors and different levels of governance. This Special Issue sought to reduce this research gap by analyzing the strategies, interactions, and impacts in the policy process of these “go-betweens”, across three continents. In this concluding article, we take stock of the insights provided by the individual contributions and offer answers to the three research questions that guided the Special Issue. In addition, we provide some suggestions for future research avenues and concluding reflections. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 687-701 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2230900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2230900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:687-701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2138307_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Avri Eitan Author-X-Name-First: Avri Author-X-Name-Last: Eitan Author-Name: Itay Fischhendler Author-X-Name-First: Itay Author-X-Name-Last: Fischhendler Title: The architecture of inter-community partnerships in renewable energy: the role of climate intermediaries Abstract: The infrastructure sector is undergoing a significant process of change, as part of which the state is reducing its direct engagement. This has spotlighted local communities, which are increasingly involved in various infrastructure projects, specifically renewable energy projects. However, because individual communities often find it difficult to establish infrastructure projects independently, they tend to collaborate in the framework of inter-community partnerships. Despite the global prevalence of such partnerships, it is still unclear what constitutes the “glue” binding various communities together, enabling them to promote infrastructure projects, and renewable energy projects in particular. Our study addresses this research lacuna, focusing on the role of climate intermediaries in facilitating these partnerships. Based on internal correspondences regarding the promotion of “Ru’ach Bereshit,” the largest wind farm planned in Israel to date, we demonstrate how an individual climate intermediary engaged in negotiations in four arenas: within communities, between communities, vis-à-vis private developers, and vis-à-vis regulators. By exploring climate intermediaries’ multi-arena negotiations, this study demonstrates how such intermediaries succeed in synchronizing local energy policies with national energy policies to promote a renewable energy project that transcends the community level of analysis. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 572-588 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2138307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2138307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:572-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2142205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fay M. Farstad Author-X-Name-First: Fay M. Author-X-Name-Last: Farstad Author-Name: Anders Tønnesen Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Tønnesen Author-Name: Ingrid Christensen Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen Author-Name: Bård Sødal Grasbekk Author-X-Name-First: Bård Author-X-Name-Last: Sødal Grasbekk Author-Name: Kristiane Brudevoll Author-X-Name-First: Kristiane Author-X-Name-Last: Brudevoll Title: Metagoverning through intermediaries: the role of the Norwegian “Klimasats” Fund in translating national climate goals to local implementation Abstract: There is little knowledge of how policymakers manage governance networks (“metagovern”) within climate policy and especially at non-executive levels of public management. One strategy to metagovern is through using intermediary actors such as funding bodies. However, as novel actors within climate governance, such “climate intermediaries” are under-researched. We address these gaps by exploring the metagovernance through an intermediary actor, namely the Norwegian “Klimasats” Fund. We find that the logic of funding bodies lends itself to “carrots” as opposed to “sticks”, weakening the potential for transformation. Funding bodies can also increase existing differences in climate action between larger and smaller local authorities. However, funding bodies have a beneficial bi-directional functionality, incentivising local innovation whilst feeding lessons both up to and across government. Funding bodies also have the power to make local actors into intermediaries in their own right and can influence policy discourses. Thus, in assessing metagovernance at the non-executive level and using intermediary actors such as funding bodies, we reveal significant challenges, but also surprising opportunities, for the low-carbon transition. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 646-665 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2142205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2142205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:646-665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2162032_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Hall Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Tongyu (Melody) Meng Author-X-Name-First: Tongyu (Melody) Author-X-Name-Last: Meng Title: Intermediating sustainable finance: a case study of The Aotearoa Circle's Sustainable Finance Forum Abstract: Sustainable Finance Roadmaps (SFRs) have emerged internationally as an instrument for sustainable finance reform. However, there is variation among countries over who leads the SFR process. This article focuses on Aotearoa New Zealand where the process was led by an intermediary, the Sustainable Finance Forum, a multistakeholder process which convened stakeholders for SFR development. This case study contributes to the literature on intermediaries in sustainability transitions by showing intermediation in the financial sector. Empirical analysis demonstrates that intermediation functioned as a strategic intervention to overcome regime-level barriers to transition by visioning, convening and coordinating stakeholders, and developing transition pathways, albeit with challenges in terms of Māori representation and government participation. This case study shows how intermediaries adapted to the distinctive demands of early transition phases, especially by a process of reproduction where one intermediary created another. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 666-686 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2162032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2162032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:666-686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2137122_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alice Hague Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Hague Author-Name: Elizabeth Bomberg Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Bomberg Title: Faith-based actors as climate intermediaries in Scottish climate policy Abstract: Faith-based actors (FBAs) are increasingly active in climate policy, and a growing literature focuses on how specific faith characteristics (theological and organizational) might shape climate action. This paper examines an under-researched dimension of their action. Using the example of Christian FBAs in Scotland, we examine their distinctive role as “climate intermediaries” – “go-betweens” between policymakers and their policy targets. We construct a framework of three core intermediary capabilities – representation, mobilization, aggregation – and examine strategies adopted to implement those capabilities. Using documentary data we identify FBA involvement in domestic and global climate policy, examining how certain Christian FBAs seek to shape government policy, but also aim to change the actions and behaviours of their congregations and members. While FBA action has not alone shaped climate policy or agreements, we find their linkage role is distinct and multi-directional. First, by mediating “downwards”, FBAs mobilize action on global climate concerns within their own congregations. By converting parishioners’ religious concern into global action, these FBAs link the local to the global, but also the spiritual to the practical. FBAs also operate “upwards” to successfully aggregate specific theological knowledge, and translate it into a powerful, general moral imperative for climate action. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 589-607 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2137122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2137122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:589-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2230899_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Tobin Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Tobin Author-Name: Fay Madeleine Farstad Author-X-Name-First: Fay Madeleine Author-X-Name-Last: Farstad Author-Name: Jale Tosun Author-X-Name-First: Jale Author-X-Name-Last: Tosun Title: Intermediating climate change: the evolving strategies, interactions and impacts of neglected “climate intermediaries” Abstract: Climate change governance systems comprise a wide variety of actors. Here, we introduce “climate intermediaries” as one potentially influential yet often neglected type of actor, behaving as “go-betweens” that connect different types of actors and/or governance levels. This Special Issue analyses two under-researched forms of climate intermediaries: those that exist for reasons unconnected to climate change, and new or uncommon forms of climate intermediaries that have yet to be examined. In this Introduction article, we present the conceptual framework employed within our Special Issue. We begin by problematizing the definition of intermediaries within climate research before clarifying our own relational understanding of “climate intermediaries”. A climate intermediary is thus a role, assumed by any type of actor, while potentially assuming other roles when interacting with other actors. Second, we summarize the existing research on the strategies of intermediaries, the interactions that may exist between them, and the impacts of these actors on the climate policy process. These three foci then guide our three research questions for the Special Issue. Third, we examine existing research on myriad types of intermediaries, such as interest groups, faith-based actors, and funding bodies. Finally, we provide an overview of the contributions included within the issue. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 555-571 Issue: 5 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2230899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2230899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:555-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2161499_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Parwiz Mosamim Author-X-Name-First: Parwiz Author-X-Name-Last: Mosamim Author-Name: Jean-Patrick Villeneuve Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Villeneuve Title: Women in government: the limits and challenges of a representative bureaucracy for Afghanistan (2001–2021) Abstract: This article analyses the limits and challenges of positive discrimination policies in the Afghan government (2001–2021). One of the primary objectives of the international community after the fall of the Taliban in 2001 was to bring Afghan women back into public service. The government adopted international and national policy frameworks in this direction, notably positive discrimination policies such as quotas. It set an objective of 30% female participation in civil service by 2020. To analyze these policies’ effectiveness and identify the challenges faced, we analyzed official documents setting the stage for a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with female civil servants and women’s rights activists. The study shows that the Afghan government failed to meet its objective. This was due to both institutional and non-institutional factors. These factors included the pervasiveness of sexual violence, discrimination, and corruption, and the impact of a traditional and patriarchal culture. These findings contribute to a better understanding of past policies. The article has important lessons for the study of mechanisms to promote women in government more widely. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 703-727 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2161499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2161499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:703-727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2265643_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial board Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 855-855 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2265643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2265643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:855-855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2133103_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wei Li Author-X-Name-First: Wei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Does politicized public service appointment strengthen political control over policy advice? The case of Hong Kong, China Abstract: In this study, a synthesized framework based on the policy advisory system (PAS) and the politics-administration (PA) dichotomy is applied to Hong Kong, a jurisdiction in transition from its previous status as a colony influenced by the Westminster system to a special administrative region of China. Based on interviews and questionnaire responses from policymakers and advisors in different structural positions of the PAS, the study finds that politicized public-service appointment has increased political control over the content of policy advice through three pathways: the selection of alternative policy advisors, the restructuring of sources of policy advice, and the opening-up of extant policy-advisory processes. Unlike in some non-Western and state-centered regimes, centralized political control in Hong Kong has both internalized and broadened the range of policy alternatives. The case of Hong Kong demonstrates that the dynamics of PA dichotomy provide pathways to policy advice politicization in the PAS, although the hybrid Westminster and Confucian traditions of Hong Kong shape the pathways toward, the degree, and the content of policy advice politicization. These findings affirm the PAS theory that the political-technical dimensions of policy advice do not fit neatly with the location or structural roles of policy actors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 806-831 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2133103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2133103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:806-831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2168636_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jack Newman Author-X-Name-First: Jack Author-X-Name-Last: Newman Title: Ontological contradictions in the UK’s Universal Credit reforms Abstract: The Universal Credit reforms of the 2010s were a crucial turning point in the UK’s social security system. The reforms have been widely criticized in the literature for placing too much responsibility on welfare recipients, for using cultural explanations of poverty, and for prioritizing incentive-based solutions. This article argues that these common points of criticism actually point to demonstrable contradictions in the formation of Universal Credit, contradictions that are problematic regardless of the strength of the aforementioned criticisms. The focus is on “ontological contradictions”, which derive from fundamental assumptions about how individual agents relate to their material and ideational contexts. To make this argument, a critical realist framework is developed in a dialogue with existing poststructuralist approaches. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 767-785 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2168636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2168636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:767-785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2129046_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lei Gao Author-X-Name-First: Lei Author-X-Name-Last: Gao Author-Name: C. Kevin Eller Author-X-Name-First: C. Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Eller Author-Name: Austin F. Eggers Author-X-Name-First: Austin F. Author-X-Name-Last: Eggers Title: GDPR and the cloud: examining readability deficiencies in cloud computing providers’ privacy policies Abstract: There have been concerns about data privacy and protection internationally. This has led to the development of policy tools, such as the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR), but there remains limited evaluation of the effectiveness of the policies. The purpose of this study is to examine cloud computing privacy policies in order to determine how they changed in response to GDPR. Specifically, we focus on the EU’s mandate for “clear and plain language” by scrutinizing various content characteristics. In order to examine the response to the changes enacted by GDPR, we conduct a content analysis of cloud computing firm privacy policies from three periods. Results indicate that despite a mandate for “clear and plain language,” the readability of the privacy policies post-GDPR did not improve. Surprisingly, many privacy policies examined showed a significant decrease in readability. Additionally, the use of uncertainty language and litigious language also increased in certain areas. The findings outlined in this study are informative for policy makers, businesses interested in minimizing risks associated with GDPR noncompliance, and individuals whose data is subject to GDPR. These findings also point to the challenges faced by organizations in developing effective policies in the realm of digital governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 832-854 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2129046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2129046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:832-854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2162033_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Puyao Xing Author-X-Name-First: Puyao Author-X-Name-Last: Xing Author-Name: Hua Xing Author-X-Name-First: Hua Author-X-Name-Last: Xing Title: Blood is thicker than water: local favouritism and inter-local collaborative governance Abstract: Exploring the micro-mechanisms of collaborative governance regarding decision-makers’ behavioural and psychological motivations can advance an understanding of governance in fragmented systems. Among these motivations, local favouritism is a common behaviour that has received little attention in inter-local collaboration. Whether and why local government decision-makers engage in local favouritism in inter-local collaboration remains unanswered. This study incorporates social identity theory into the institutional collective action framework to answer these questions and tests our hypotheses using an empirical case of the impact of provincial leadership turnover on inter-provincial watershed environmental collaboration in China. The results show that decision-makers engage in local favouritism in inter-local collaboration and that the reasons for such behaviour are related to decision-makers’ social identity with their hometowns. The social identity of local decision-makers with their hometowns enhances the utility they obtain when engaging in collaboration. This increased individual utility raises the perceived benefits of collaboration and makes decision-makers more likely to collaborate with their hometown jurisdictions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 748-766 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2162033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2162033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:748-766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2091125_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexander Matthias Geisler Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Geisler Title: Public trust in citizens’ juries when the people decide on policies: evidence from Switzerland Abstract: Facilitative political trust is the reduction in cognitive demand citizens experience when forming their opinions about political issues. This type of trust is important for generating legitimate democratic institutions in the eyes of politically uninvolved citizens. The article develops and validates an original direct measure of facilitative political trust among voters receiving a voting aid compiled by a Swiss municipal-level deliberative minipublic convening twenty citizens ahead of a federal popular initiative vote on expanding affordable housing policies. Based on perceiving the randomly selected group as competent and aligned with voters’ interests, we find a reliable and valid latent trust measure using confirmatory factor analyses among the same sample of voters within the municipality at two points during the campaign, ahead (N = 1159), and again around the time of the ballot (N = 472).In subsequent multiple regressions, increases in facilitative trust sores are the main driver of readers’ ratings of both the voting aid’s usefulness for deciding how to vote and of how important they judge its information for their peers’ vote decisions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 728-747 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2091125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2091125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:728-747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2096212_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Weijie Luo Author-X-Name-First: Weijie Author-X-Name-Last: Luo Title: Tax composition and economic growth in the age of demographic change Abstract: This study analyses the impact of the relative use of distortionary and non-distortionary taxes on economic growth using a panel of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and a sample period of 1980–2015. In particular, we examine whether the impact of non-distortionary taxes on economic growth increases with ageing, which has increased in western countries over the past 30 years. We do so by extending the dataset to include the dramatic change in the demographic structure seen in OECD countries since 1990. Using this lengthened data range allows us to find a negative effect of distortionary taxation as expected. However, our results also show that an increase in non-distortionary taxation is negatively associated with growth. This study thus argues that recent distortions from non-distortionary taxation can be accounted for by the rapid ageing of the population. Ideal tax systems are often formulated by economists, but politicians cannot always adopt such an ideal tax design because of the risk of losing popularity with the electorate. Our analysis could be applied to design tax systems that can be implemented in the real world. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 786-805 Issue: 6 Volume: 44 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2096212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2022.2096212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:44:y:2023:i:6:p:786-805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2183944_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Xiaolei Qin Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolei Author-X-Name-Last: Qin Author-Name: Jing Huang Author-X-Name-First: Jing Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Title: Policy punctuations and agenda diversity in China: a national level analysis from 1980 to 2019 Abstract: Based on data sources systematically tracking government activity such as budgets and bill hearings, the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory literature has demonstrated that policy processes in both democracies and nondemocracies feature long periods of stasis interrupted by dramatic changes. However, there is a lack of research that systematically examines China’s policy process. In response, this article introduces a new dataset drawn from China State Council Gazettes from 1980 to 2019 to measure policy punctuations and agenda diversity in China. We find that punctuations in China’s policy process are more intense than those in democracies. The findings further show that China’s policy process features more positive punctuations than negative punctuations. We also find an overall increasing trend of agenda diversity and a pattern of alternation between agenda expansion and concentration across the forty years analyzed in this paper. These findings provide new long-term evidence regarding patterns of policy stability and change in the Chinese context and contribute to our understanding of China’s politics of attention and its linkage with information inefficiency and survival politics. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 21-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2183944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2183944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:21-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2172718_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Fabian Belmar Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Author-X-Name-Last: Belmar Author-Name: Gonzalo Contreras Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo Author-X-Name-Last: Contreras Author-Name: Mauricio Morales Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Camila Troncoso Author-X-Name-First: Camila Author-X-Name-Last: Troncoso Title: Demanding non-programmatic distribution: evidence from local governments in Chile Abstract: Non-programmatic policies are usually analysed from the perspective of parties that rely on vote-buying, patronage, or pork-barrel, to distribute benefits and enhance their electoral performance. It is assumed that parties and politicians offer these particular distributions to citizens. This is not what happens at Chile’s sub-national level, however. There are no political machines in this country, so the citizens come to demand benefits from the mayor. Based on data from 50,099 formal meetings requested by citizens to mayors of the 345 Chilean municipalities, we show that when there is an absence of a party machine or patron that makes a top-down offer, it is the people who approach the authorities to demand resources. We conclude that, first, demands are primarily to claim for targeted distribution. Second, citizens who demand non-programmatic benefits are not part of organizations and do so particularly. Third, women are largely those who seek more targeted distribution. Fourth, the demands on mayors occur mostly in most rural comunas. Fifth, mayors who respond to these formal demands mainly do not mobilize intermediation networks. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 65-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2172718 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2172718 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:65-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2202906_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Yulianna Otero-Asmar Author-X-Name-First: Yulianna Author-X-Name-Last: Otero-Asmar Author-Name: Li-Yin Liu Author-X-Name-First: Li-Yin Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Yao-Yuan Yeh Author-X-Name-First: Yao-Yuan Author-X-Name-Last: Yeh Title: Gender-inequitable discrimination? A survey experiment on the gendered implications of unauthorized immigrant narratives Abstract: The existing framing and narrative studies focus on the influence of framing and narratives targeting one population as a whole but neglect how these can affect the subgroups of the target population differently. Using a survey experiment, this research investigates whether and how implicitly gendered narrative cues affect public acceptance of male or female unauthorized immigrants from Mexico and the Northern Triangle. Based on the experimental results, younger male unauthorized immigrants were less likely to be accepted by participants when public safety cues were presented and more likely to be accepted when economic contribution cues were presented. Conversely, female unauthorized immigrants were less favored by participants when economic contribution cues were presented and more favored when public safety cues were presented. These findings show how the dominant narratives contribute to the publics’ gender biases against unauthorized immigrants and reveal future direction for developing narratives and framing studies. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 113-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2202906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2202906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:113-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2187043_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Andrea Pettrachin Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Pettrachin Title: The politics of multi-level migration policymaking: a network-centred perspective Abstract: This article develops and applies an innovative methodology based on social network analysis and cluster analysis to analyze the organization of policymaking relations in multi-level political systems, focusing on the migration policy field. In doing so, it addresses four limitations of existing research on multi-layered migration policymaking, which tends to focus on policy and legal documents rather than real-world interactions, conceptualize governmental levels in morphological terms, neglect conflictual interactions, and narrowly focus on big cities. This innovative approach is applied to the heuristic case of Italian asylum policy after the 2015 “refugee crisis”, which allows to derive three conceptual claims about the organizations of multi-level migration-related policymaking interactions. First, these interactions can be highly conflictual and multi-level migration policymaking should not necessarily be seen as a negotiated order among public and non-public actors. Second, existing typologies need to be complexified, accounting for the significance of intricately nested and overlapping “multi-level networks” emerging over and above multi-layered institutional structures. Third, showing that Italian asylum policy actors interact more frequently and collaboratively with “like-minded” actors regardless of official roles and governmental levels, the article identifies a new “political” or “ideological” axis along which collaborative and conflictual relations can be organized. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 89-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2187043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2187043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:89-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2202385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Daniel Casey Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Casey Title: Punctuated equilibrium and the dynamics of political participation: the case of letter writing Abstract: While extensive research has shown that policy outputs are punctuated, there is a paucity of research about the punctuation of public opinion and political participation. We know policymakers rely on political participation to understand public opinion, so we need to understand the patterns and flows of this participation, to help understanding democratic responsiveness, and how policy outputs behave. I advance punctuated equilibrium theory by applying it to individuals’ decision to participate, and the policy issue they choose to engage with. I argue that bounded rationality and disproportionate information processing, driven by media and interest group coverage of trigger events, will result in a punctuated equilibrium pattern in both the decision to participate and the issues focused on. Using new datasets on the volume and topic of letters to the Australian Prime Minister and American President, I find consistent evidence of punctuations, using weekly, fortnightly, and annual data, across Australia and America, notwithstanding institutional, cultural, and behavioural differences. These results extend punctuated equilibrium further up the policy process chain than has previously been done, supporting its claim as a “full theory of government information processing.” Doing this helps us to understand the difficulty in translating environmental and public demands into policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2202385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2202385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2200244_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Allison C. White Author-X-Name-First: Allison C. Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Policymaking in personalist dictatorships: a theory of outbidding Abstract: This article offers a novel perspective on policymaking in personalist dictatorships based on outbidding theory. Originally developed with reference to ethnic conflict and terrorist organizations, outbidding suggests that individuals or organizations compete for support from their relevant audience, which produces predictable outcomes. I present a modified version of outbidding theory derived from the incentives faced by autocratic elites’ desire to avoid upward accountability and attract the favour of the dictator. I probe the theory’s plausibility for explaining policymaking in one prominent authoritarian legislature, the State Duma in Russia. Using two conditions “most likely” to reveal outbidding dynamics – the archetypal personalist regime of Putin’s Russia and the realm of electoral policy – I couple quantitative text analysis with rigorous study of legislative debates. The findings support the existence of outbidding behaviour in Russian policymaking, suggest that it may result in positive outcomes for Duma deputies, and substantiate outbidding’s effects on the repressiveness of public policy. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 42-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2200244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2200244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:1:p:42-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2203476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Stephen D. Clark Author-X-Name-First: Stephen D. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Nik Lomax Author-X-Name-First: Nik Author-X-Name-Last: Lomax Title: Using e-petition data to quantify public concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of England Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society and many governments and politicians were required to make quick decisions to protect public health. In reaching these decisions they needed to weigh advice from experts in many fields and then “sell” these decisions. However little was known at the time about the desires and aspirations of their electorates. Here we identify one such source of public opinion, signatures to various COVID-19 related Parliamentary e-petitions Whilst there were over 1,500 such e-petitions, we identify 27 common and meaningful topics and show how the strength of these topics varies between individual parliamentary constituencies. Using a measure of support for each topic in the constituencies we identify five constituency groupings. There are two Conservative voting groups, “Middle England” and “Equity of Support”, the former are located largely in southern England whilst the latter are in the midlands and northern England. The groups that show strong support in Labour voting constituencies are ones around education and funding issues. This article shows how a targeted range of e-petitions can be grouped into topics and the popularity of topics established, and thereby function as a useful way of augmenting democracy and democratic institutions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 159-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2203476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2203476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:159-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2202905_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Weijie Luo Author-X-Name-First: Weijie Author-X-Name-Last: Luo Title: Demography and the composition of taxes: a political economy theory Abstract: This article analyzes the impact of population aging on the composition of taxes in an overlapping generations model. Taxes are levied on both income and expenditure, with the median voter being pivotal in the political-economy theoretical framework in question. As in Razin, Sadka, and Swagel (2002. “The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State.” Journal of Political Economy 110 (4): 900–918. doi:10.1086/340780), an increased fraction of retirees in the population leads to lower income taxes. Conversely, the results for expenditure taxes are ambiguous. The main proposition is that the composition of taxes–defined as the extent to which taxes are levied on income relative to expenditure–falls unambiguously with the share of retirees increasing as the tax burden is rebalanced toward the retired population. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 223-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2202905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2202905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:223-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2193387_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Naomi Hossain Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain Author-Name: Anuradha Joshi Author-X-Name-First: Anuradha Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Author-Name: Suchi Pande Author-X-Name-First: Suchi Author-X-Name-Last: Pande Title: The politics of complaint: a review of the literature on grievance redress mechanisms in the global South Abstract: Institutionalized complaint systems are notable features of improving public programmes and government practice. This article reviews literature on formal grievance redress mechanisms in the global South to understand whether these mechanisms help the aggrieved to complain and seek redress for their grievances. In this emerging literature, the institutional and definitional boundaries of formal grievance mechanisms are slippery; systems that look like grievance systems may do little to enable complaints by those who seek to register them, and even less to enable them to achieve redress; with limited evidence on how these formal grievance systems work on the ground, and without sufficient power to act on complaints these formal grievance systems appear to be more ornamental; and where they have worked uncommonly well they have not always attracted political support to go to scale. The article concludes with a discussion of avenues for research identified through this literature review. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 139-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2193387 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2193387 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:139-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2214090_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Pascal D. König Author-X-Name-First: Pascal D. Author-X-Name-Last: König Title: “Data, data, data” – post-Brexit data governance and its relation to the UK’s economic model Abstract: This paper studies the UK’s post-Brexit turn toward softening data protection standards. It uses this case to develop a perspective on data governance that is rooted in the growth model framework. With this approach, it illustrates how incentives to ease data-based value creation can be tied to certain macroeconomic conditions. The studied data protection reform serves as a crucial event at which links between macroeconomic conditions and policy action promise to become particularly visible. As the analysis shows, the UK government’s policy discourse and actions reflect various facets of the country’s data economy that have special weight in the UK’s growth model: the importance of data markets and advertising, the role of tech and data in attracting foreign investments, and the general importance of tech and data-intense service industries. The case study therefore points to important analytical dimensions that are relevant more generally for the study of evolving growth regimes. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 241-260 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2214090 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2214090 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:241-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2214088_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Luiza-Maria Filimon Author-X-Name-First: Luiza-Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Filimon Author-Name: Mihaela Ivănescu Author-X-Name-First: Mihaela Author-X-Name-Last: Ivănescu Title: Bans, sanctions, and dog-whistles: a review of anti-critical race theory initiatives adopted in the United States since 2020 Abstract: Labelled as racist, criticized for promoting racial divisions, and accused of indoctrinating vulnerable young people, Critical Race Theory (CRT) has, in recent years, become, a cause célèbre in the conservative movement, across both the Trumpist contingent and the Republican mainstream. We argue that, inscribing itself in a long tradition of dog-whistles, the anti-CRT panic is predicated on the idea that the contemporary American society is one devoid of systemic forms of racial discrimination and that by deviating from this premise, a form of reverse discrimination targeting Whites is becoming, in effect, systemic. Using document analysis, this article examines how the anti-CRT rhetoric has translated into institutionalized forms that prohibit the use of alleged CRT practices in educational contexts (K-12 level and colleges) and public service. In this sense, we review a swath of anti-CRT initiatives that were passed between 2021 and 2022 in 15 state legislatures across the US. These bills sought to determine how issues pertaining to race, racism, and discrimination are addressed. We find that this was achieved through a multi-pronged approach that focused on: (1) defining sets of prohibited concepts; (2) creating mechanisms to detect perceived CRT-offenses; and (3) dispensing penalties and sanctions against potential transgressors. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 183-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2214088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2214088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:183-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2194055_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Neta Sher-Hadar Author-X-Name-First: Neta Author-X-Name-Last: Sher-Hadar Title: How do you do, implementation? A Latour-inspired critical approach to implementation Abstract: This article proposes a critical approach to implementation studies and seeks to challenge the current uniform façade of the concept of “implementation.” Inspired by Latour’s actor-network theory, it argues that implementation can be perceived as an assemblage of constantly shifting interactions. Thus, instead of seeking to identify the factors that affect the implementation process, as is the focus of most implementation research, it proposes seeking to understand what goes on in implementation, thereby moving away from looking for variables that influence implementation to instead discuss implementation analysis and implementation types. This shift in focus, which has received limited attention in the literature, holds potential for both theory and practice. For theory, it introduces an understanding of implementation as an independent concept, composed of multilayered components that can be categorized into different types, in different contexts and at different times. And for practice, as well as for theory, it opens up another route for implementation analysis and design, which has not been articulated until now. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 205-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2194055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2194055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:2:p:205-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2276116_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Angela Pennisi di Floristella Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Pennisi di Floristella Author-Name: Xuechen Chen Author-X-Name-First: Xuechen Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Strategic narratives of Russia’s war in Ukraine: perspectives from China Abstract: Strategic narratives have become an important tool with which states define their geopolitical reality and shape the types of foreign policy decisions that emerge. In order to build a more favourable international environment, China has deployed substantial resources to disseminate its strategic narratives and communicate its role, identity and vision and legitimise Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rule. Despite the obvious importance of narratives on conflict and global security, remarkably few studies have examined China’s strategic narratives on security-related issues. This article marks the first systematic effort to map out China’s strategic narratives in the context of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. Based on a corpus linguistics approach and qualitative content analysis, the findings reveal that China does not project itself as a neutral player and that its strategic narratives often echo Russia’s portrayal of the Ukrainian war. However, the analysis also highlights China’s efforts to maintain its distance from Russia while presenting itself against the backdrop of the US/West-Russian rivalry as an equidistant player belonging to the wider international community as well as the most suitable actor to manage a peaceful global order. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 573-594 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2276116 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2276116 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:573-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2334458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Pierre Bocquillon Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Bocquillon Author-Name: Suzanne Doyle Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Doyle Author-Name: Toby S. James Author-X-Name-First: Toby Author-X-Name-Last: S. James Author-Name: Ra Mason Author-X-Name-First: Ra Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Author-Name: Soul Park Author-X-Name-First: Soul Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Matilde Rosina Author-X-Name-First: Matilde Author-X-Name-Last: Rosina Title: The effects of wars: lessons from the war in Ukraine Abstract: War remains a central feature of global politics and has been a core focus for politics and international relations, history, economics, sociology as well as other cognate disciplines. The analysis of the effects of war has, however, tended to be compartmentalised by sub-disciplines. This article proposes a heuristic framework to map the effects of war in terms of ripple and backwash across a range of interconnected layers of societies. Through this framework, the article then introduces a set of empirically rich and theoretically informed studies from across multiple disciplines which examine the first consequences of the war in Ukraine. Taken together, these studies show that the war has had deep and complex effects affecting human life; human development; economies; values and attitudes; policy and governance; and power distribution and relations around the world. Although broader international public interest in the war may have waned within weeks of the invasion, the effects of the conflict have been deep and continued in many areas, but also differentiated across space and time. Traditional public policy concepts used to frame the effects of “external shocks” such as punctuated equilibrium and critical junctures may overlook such deep-seated and diverse effects, warranting the multidisciplinary lenses used in this volume. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 261-281 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2334458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2334458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:261-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2306972_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ryhor Nizhnikau Author-X-Name-First: Ryhor Author-X-Name-Last: Nizhnikau Author-Name: Arkady Moshes Author-X-Name-First: Arkady Author-X-Name-Last: Moshes Title: The war in Ukraine, the EU’s geopolitical awakening and implications for the “contested neighbourhood” Abstract: This article looks at how the Russian invasion has reshaped the EU's Eastern neighbourhood policy and subsequently how has the new policy affected the strategies of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries. We systematically review policy responses to the war of the EU and the countries of the EU-Russia contested neighbourhood and identify new patterns in foreign policy behavior of these states and key domestic policy changes. We specifically highlight the shift in two key attributes of the EU's foreign policy, which has traditionally defined its neighbourhood policy: its relations with Russia and the inclusiveness of the EaP countries in the European project.We make two arguments: first, the crisis and new risks in the region has created a demand and opened a geopolitical dimension to the EU neighbourhood policy, which required Brussels to fill a hard security vacuum in its own policies in the neighbourhood, which invoked an application of new instruments to deter Moscow and support EU's Eastern allies. Second, the crisis contributes to even faster erosion of the post-Soviet space and a new regional fragmentation along geopolitical lines. Finally, the question of sustainability of these changes and their effect on the EU as an actor remains open. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 489-506 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2306972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2306972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:489-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2329587_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Hamid El Bilali Author-X-Name-First: Hamid Author-X-Name-Last: El Bilali Author-Name: Tarek Ben Hassen Author-X-Name-First: Tarek Author-X-Name-Last: Ben Hassen Title: Disrupted harvests: how Ukraine – Russia war influences global food systems – a systematic review Abstract: Amid Ukraine’s geopolitical turmoil, a ripple effect is echoing across global agricultural and food systems – a phenomenon with far-reaching implications for producers, traders, and consumers across the globe. This systematic study delves into this intricate interaction, examining scholarly literature to determine the magnitude and complexities of the war’s impact on global agri-food systems. Utilizing a rigourous methodology, we screened 236 articles from the Web of Science database as of March 2023, narrowing the corpus to 62 significant publications that meet comprehensive eligibility criteria. The war affected all food security dimensions, but the most dramatic impact was on food access. Indeed, the decrease in domestic food production and productivity; the damage to production assets, food production, and food stocks; the increase in production input prices; changes in land use and land degradation; and labour shortage in rural areas reduced food supply and availability, especially that of cereals. The decrease in food availability led to increased food prices and inflation, which, combined with the disruption of agri-food trade, markets, and supply chains, affected food access, especially for the poor and vulnerable people and groups. Effects on food utilization are mainly seen in the decrease in diet quality and dietary diversity. The war also affected the stability dimension, mainly owing to the volatility of food prices and the uncertainty of the future food supply. Similarly, the war has affected all the dimensions of food system sustainability (viz. environmental, social, economic, political). However, some phenomena have particularly affected the socio-economic dimension, such as food insecurity and malnutrition, poverty and vulnerability, and migration and displacement. Therefore, it is imperative to use evidence-based strategies and policies that are not only efficient and effective but also sustainable. Consequently, conducting extensive research into the conflict’s medium- and long-term consequences is crucial, especially in the context of developing countries, which have hitherto been largely overlooked in prior research. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 310-335 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2329587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2329587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:310-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2324141_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Jonata Anicetti Author-X-Name-First: Jonata Author-X-Name-Last: Anicetti Title: EU arms collaboration, procurement, and offsets: the impact of the war in Ukraine Abstract: In the last twenty years, the EU has made increasingly greater efforts to boost defence cooperation among MS. To strengthen the EDTIB and avoid duplication of capabilities, the EU has encouraged “European preference” in arms procurement and MS’ defence collaborative projects, also by seeking to expunge defence offsets from the single market. Against this backdrop, on 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. What impact has the war in Ukraine had on EU defence cooperation? Has the war impacted MS in a similar fashion or unevenly, reinforcing defence integration dynamics for some, while kickstarting disintegration for others? Two years on, a thorough analysis of the impact of the war on EU defence cooperation is still missing. This paper fills this gap by exploring three levels of analysis – arms collaboration, arms procurement, and offsets – and by comparing pre-invasion evidence with data from the post-invasion period. The analysis suggests that the Russo-Ukrainian war has negatively impacted EU defence cooperation, potentially increasing both fragmentation and non-EU dependencies. However, although MS’ threat perception and their ability to reap industrial benefits remain important to explain EU defence cooperation, integration or disintegration dynamics do not neatly map onto the geographical or size divides identified by the literature. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 443-466 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2324141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2324141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:443-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2268543_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mahmut Zeki Akarsu Author-X-Name-First: Mahmut Zeki Author-X-Name-Last: Akarsu Author-Name: Orkideh Gharehgozli Author-X-Name-First: Orkideh Author-X-Name-Last: Gharehgozli Title: The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on European Union currencies: a high-frequency analysis Abstract: This article examines how the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war has affected the valuation of five European Union currencies: the Polish Zloty, Hungarian Forint, Czech Koruna, Swedish Krone, and Romanian Leu. Using high-frequency time series data and advanced statistical models, we analyze a 522-week period from 1 January 2013, to 24 February 2023, with 24 February 2022, as a key focal point. The Russia-Ukraine war had varying effects on the currencies of non-Eurozone countries. Poland, Hungary, and Sweden experienced significant impacts, while Czechia and Romania remained relatively stable. Our research also highlights the stability of the Euro as a reserve currency, which attracts investors during times of crisis and protects participating economies from currency fluctuations. Additionally, our analysis underscores the distinct impact of war on these currencies, influenced by their unique political, economic, and financial structures and strengths. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 353-376 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2268543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2268543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:353-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2302440_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Whelsy Boungou Author-X-Name-First: Whelsy Author-X-Name-Last: Boungou Author-Name: Alhonita Yatié Author-X-Name-First: Alhonita Author-X-Name-Last: Yatié Title: Uncertainty, stock and commodity prices during the Ukraine-Russia war Abstract: This article mainly investigates whether the war in Ukraine-Russia induces uncertainties and how this affects the returns of world stock market indices and commodity prices. To do so, we use the Economic Policy Uncertainty index (EPU), 96 stock market indices and the price of 67 commodities worldwide over the period from January 2022 to April 2023. Our empirical results show that the war between Ukraine and Russia increases uncertainties, and which negatively affect the performance of global financial markets and lead to higher commodity prices. These negative shocks tend to be smaller the longer the war persists. We also observe that responses to war-induced uncertainties are stronger in Europe and America. Overall, we provide unique evidence of the impact of war on uncertainties and how this is transmitted to stock market performance and commodity prices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 336-352 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2302440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2302440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:336-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2331217_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Anna Ivanova Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova Author-Name: Paul Thiers Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Thiers Title: Conflict disruptions of epistemic communities: initial lessons from the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine Abstract: The war in Ukraine has highlighted that the stability of the epistemic communities is not immune to the disruptions caused by international conflicts. This paper explores why some epistemic communities (ECs) continue to function with little change, some adapt, and some cease to exist in times of disruption. It also explores different factors that might explain their resilience to such shocks, thereby shedding light on resilience capacities among these communities. We review case studies of three ECs: the European Space Agency (ESA), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Arctic Council (AC). The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the possible ways of conceiving the epistemic communities differently than we had in the past, in light of disruptions caused by the war in Ukraine. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 551-572 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2331217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2331217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:551-572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2298800_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Aaron F. Brantly Author-X-Name-First: Aaron F. Author-X-Name-Last: Brantly Title: Forged in the fires of war: the rise of a new Ukrainian identity Abstract: Ukraine has always been a plural state comprised of multiple ethnic, linguistic, religious, and regional subcultures. Yet, since 2014 and, in particular, since February 2022, these often-competing identities have been codified under a more overarching identity. The forging of unified plural Ukrainian identity as concept has arisen out of a mutual struggle for survival, international diaspora mobilization, the elevation of diverse narratives of experience from across Ukraine, and a connected digital environment that links and reinforces concepts of social capital. Rooted in theories of constructivist identity formation, this analysis examines those attributes of Ukraine and Ukrainian society which have been fused together under great pressure to create a new and perhaps more unified national identity. Leveraging cases examining discourses on identity and the production of shared socio-cultural artifacts and quantitative data from both public opinion surveys and large-scale social media sentiment, this analysis finds that Ukraine, often thought of in the West as fractured along multiple lines, is, in fact unifying behind a common national idea. This unification and the creation of a new national identity have profound implications for post-war Ukraine. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 377-401 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2298800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2298800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:377-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2289576_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Marie Jelínková Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Jelínková Author-Name: Michal Plaček Author-X-Name-First: Michal Author-X-Name-Last: Plaček Author-Name: František Ochrana Author-X-Name-First: František Author-X-Name-Last: Ochrana Title: The arrival of Ukrainian refugees as an opportunity to advance migrant integration policy Abstract: The Czech Republic has received the largest number of Ukrainian refugees per capita. An underdeveloped migrant integration policy and limited experience with large numbers of refugees hampered the Czechs’ willingness to help. The reception phase relied heavily on crisis teams, volunteers, and civil society organizations. Accommodating structural measures became necessary. This article takes a closer look at these changes and explains how the large number of Ukrainian refugees constitutes an “external shock” that has shaped Czech migrant integration policy in several key aspects. We also examine the role of international organizations in shaping migrant integration policy. We use the research framework of historical institutionalism, applying retrograde analysis, desk research and deep semi-structured interviews. Our results show that migration policy has been skewed in the short-term towards better acceptance of migrants, but we can identify a tendency towards a return to the original trajectory. We also find that international organizations have not had a substantial influence on recent changes in migrant integration policy; domestic actors have had a much greater influence. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 507-531 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2289576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2289576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:507-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2306958_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Vladyslav Teremetskyi Author-X-Name-First: Vladyslav Author-X-Name-Last: Teremetskyi Author-Name: Volodymyr Valihura Author-X-Name-First: Volodymyr Author-X-Name-Last: Valihura Author-Name: Maryna Slatvinska Author-X-Name-First: Maryna Author-X-Name-Last: Slatvinska Author-Name: Valentyna Bryndak Author-X-Name-First: Valentyna Author-X-Name-Last: Bryndak Author-Name: Inna Gutsul Author-X-Name-First: Inna Author-X-Name-Last: Gutsul Title: Tax policy of Ukraine in terms of martial law Abstract: The introduction of martial law, due to the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, has had a major economic effect on Ukraine. This article argues that it created a need to improve the tax policy to take into account the political and socio-economic situation, as well as the challenges posed by the war to the country. Increasing the efficiency of tax policy can positively influence the attractiveness of foreign investments and can stabilize the economic situation in the country. The measures applied by state authorities are aimed at reducing the tax burden in order to quickly adapt the country’s economy to the realities of the martial law and to ensure its rapid recovery after the war, and are related to import benefits, updating customs legislation, unshadowing the labour market, etc. It has argued that the tax policy of Ukraine needs a systematic update, including through the implementation of the norms of European laws into the national legal system. The formation of the modern tax policy of Ukraine should be based on a rational reduction of the tax burden, integration of innovative technologies into the production sphere and effective management decisions. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 293-309 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2306958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2306958 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:293-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2311155_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ramūnas Vilpišauskas Author-X-Name-First: Ramūnas Author-X-Name-Last: Vilpišauskas Title: Gradually and then suddenly: the effects of Russia’s attacks on the evolution of cybersecurity policy in Lithuania Abstract: This article examines how public policy, governance and institutional structures have been established and transformed in response to cyberattacks attributed to Russia that focused political attention in Lithuania. It argues that, despite the growing number of cyberattacks, political and institutional change has initially been slow and it has taken a decade to establish an adequate legal and institutional framework. The reasons for such a slow change are analysed, highlighting limited capacity (lack of understanding of cybersecurity by policy-makers and the lack of attention and other resources allocated to it), institutional fragmentation and coordination problems. It was only after Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2014 that cybersecurity policy started to be seen through the prism of national security and parliamentary elections created a window of opportunity for change, which resulted in significant policy transformation in 2017–2018. Interestingly, since then it remained relatively stable, even after Russia’s large scale war against Ukraine in 2022, which had only led to operational cybersecurity policy changes in Lithuania. The article contributes to the debates on the role of external shocks on policy change and the mediating factors which can slow down or facilitate change. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 467-488 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2311155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2311155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:467-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2288687_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Balázs Égert Author-X-Name-First: Balázs Author-X-Name-Last: Égert Author-Name: Christine de la Maisonneuve Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: de la Maisonneuve Title: The impact of the war on human capital and productivity in Ukraine Abstract: This article explores the long-term macroeconomic impact of the war in Ukraine. Exploiting a new stock measure of human capital combining the quality and quantity of education and adult skills, this article quantifies the long-term effect of the war on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel. Results suggest that losses in long-run aggregate productivity could be at about 7% if the war lasts two years. These adverse effects come from school closure and the resulting decline in student learning outcomes and losses in workers’ skills, which, without remedial policy action, could persist for decades. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 282-292 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2288687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2288687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:282-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2288237_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Matilde Rosina Author-X-Name-First: Matilde Author-X-Name-Last: Rosina Title: Migration and soft power: the EU’s visa and refugee policy response to the war in Ukraine Abstract: The article examines the European Union’s response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine in the field of migration, arguing that EU visa and refugee policies encompassed a distinctive foreign policy and soft power dimension. On one hand, by restricting visa policy for Russia, the EU signalled the delegitimization and isolation of the Kremlin. On the other hand, by adopting temporary protection for Ukrainians, it sent a clear message of support to Ukraine, while also portraying the EU as the defender of freedom and democracy. Through an analysis of EU documents released in the first month of the war, the article thus posits that both visa and refugee measures were employed as soft power tools, contributing to the juxtaposition of an aggressive and isolated Russia, against a responsible and united EU. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 532-550 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2288237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2288237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:532-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2302437_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Chirayu Thakkar Author-X-Name-First: Chirayu Author-X-Name-Last: Thakkar Title: Russia-Ukraine War, India, and US grand strategy: punishing or leveraging neutrality? Abstract: With its rise will India be a responsible stakeholder or uphold US interests? These questions have occupied analysts since the turn of the century when India started featuring prominently in US grand strategy as a future great power. Two assumptions were laid out: (a) India's rise will have salutary effects in Asia, and (b) India's strong sense of neutrality, known as “strategic autonomy,” and its newfound “strategic proximity” with the US will have to coexist. Amidst this came the Russia-Ukraine War. India's steadfast reluctance to take sides and its imports of Russian oil reignited the debate from which two camps emerged which (a) suggested “patience” with India as there is a bigger prize in the Indo-Pacific, and (b) advocated “punishment” by downsizing investments in and expectations from New Delhi. I point out how both these recommendations are flawed and do not aid in US grand strategic objectives. I advocate a third view of “leveraging” neutrality, which argues two major points. First, given the strong sense of strategic autonomy, both countries must agree to a larger room for disagreements. Second, instead of expecting absolute allegiance, US policy planners should strive to leverage India's size and autonomy in cases like Russia, Iran, Myanmar, and others in the global south. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 595-613 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2302437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2302437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:595-613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2302442_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Moniek de Jong Author-X-Name-First: Moniek Author-X-Name-Last: de Jong Title: Wind of change: the impact of REPowerEU policy reforms on gas security Abstract: The Russian invasion of Ukraine was a shock to the EU gas market, as Russian gas supply dwindled and prices spiked. Previous exogenous shocks to the gas market resulted in policy reforms aimed at diversification and reducing dependency on Russian gas. However, their effectiveness was reduced. This study seeks to examine the policy changes under REPowerEU in light of gas security post-invasion. To examine this, three indicators – import dependency, diversification, and gas intensity – are used and examined the REPowerEU policy elements – reduced Russian gas, increased renewables and energy efficiency targets, gas storage requirements, demand reduction and a joint purchasing mechanism. This preliminary analysis highlights similarities in approaches, but also find that the severity of the crisis contributed to more support. The early effectiveness of the policy reforms is questioned, as change appear driven by other factors, such as decisions made by Russia and high gas prices. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 614-632 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2302442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2302442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:614-632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2309218_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Paul O’Shea Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: O’Shea Author-Name: Sebastian Maslow Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Maslow Title: Rethinking change in Japan's security policy: punctuated equilibrium theory and Japan's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine Abstract: Change in Japanese foreign and security policy has long been characterized as “incremental”. However, Japan’s response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine provides an opportunity to reconsider this paradigm. In the aftermath of the 2014 annexation of Crimea, then-Prime Minister Abe Shinzō chose not to put Crimea on the agenda, prioritizing instead relations with Russia. However, Prime Minister Kishida Fumio responded to the 2022 invasion by increasing ties with NATO, promising to double Japan’s military spending, and acquiring capabilities that were once considered off-limits, including cruise missiles. This dramatic policy shift is analyzed using punctuated equilibrium theory (PET). We find that the 2022 invasion became a focusing event, shifting public and elite opinion in unison. Where Crimea was played down, Ukraine was clearly linked to Asia, to a possible invasion of Taiwan, and as a threat to the entire liberal international order under which Japan had prospered. We argue that overall change in Japan’s policy has not been continuous, rather, focusing events, such as Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, 9/11, and the 2012 “national security crisis” have precipitated fundamental change. Thus, we conclude that PET provides a better understanding of policy change than incrementalism. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 653-676 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2309218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2309218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:653-676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2302441_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Matthias Mader Author-X-Name-First: Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Mader Title: Increased support for collective defence in times of threat: European public opinion before and after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Abstract: Were European public reactions to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in line with the external threat hypothesis? Accordingly, the invasion should have increased the perception of threat from Russia’s territorial ambitions and support for collective defence. We review survey data from a diverse sample of ten European countries, collected before and after the event, showing that this was indeed the case. Threat perceptions and attitudes toward various aspects of collective defence – the general principle, readiness to defend other European nations, and NATO – increased fairly consistently across countries, and the association between perceptions and attitudes also increased. Findings regarding (changes in) attitudes towards defence efforts of the European Union were more ambiguous. We discuss the implications of these findings for the future of collective defence in Europe and the resilience of European societies more broadly. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 402-422 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2302441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2302441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:402-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2325052_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Yuliia Kurnyshova Author-X-Name-First: Yuliia Author-X-Name-Last: Kurnyshova Title: Chains of insecurities: constructing Ukraine’s agency in times of war Abstract: This article maps how Ukraine’s international agency has been discursively constructed through juxtaposing and relating different insecurities triggered by the Russian full-scale invasion in 2022. How does Ukraine persuade its partners of the validity of its approach to these insecurities, what is the intentionality behind its strategy, and how do they contribute to the production of the Ukrainian agency? It argues that Ukraine’s agency is developed in the context of the battlefield, and therefore becomes a heavy loaded security concept with a strong normative background. By addressing numerous insecurities in energy supply, environmental and nuclear hazards, and disruption of food transportation, Ukraine builds the strategic narrative of the war as an intrinsic part of European security governance. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 423-442 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2325052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2024.2325052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:423-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CPOS_A_2279986_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Li-Chen Sim Author-X-Name-First: Li-Chen Author-X-Name-Last: Sim Title: The Arab Gulf states in the Asian energy market: is the Russia-Ukraine war a game changer? Abstract: The Arab Gulf states and Russia have traditionally been major suppliers of hydrocarbons to the energy-poor countries of Asia. This article considers the extent to which engagement by the Arab Gulf states in the Asian energy market is likely to be significantly impacted by the Russia-Ukraine war, which began in February 2022. On the one hand, the war is likely to increase the intensity of Russia engagement with Asia and to recalibrate relations with certain Asian partners, with implications for the Gulf states. On the other hand, Asia as theatre of competition for energy suppliers – and the Gulf states as the dominant oil and gas suppliers for the region – has roots in pre-2022 trends and is unlikely to change. The qualitative analysis, supported by extensive use of diverse secondary datasets on the energy trade, concludes that for the Gulf states, the Russia-Ukraine war is less an exogenous, sudden, and “critical juncture” event than an acceleration of existing trends in the Asian energy market. Journal: Policy Studies Pages: 633-652 Issue: 3-4 Volume: 45 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2279986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01442872.2023.2279986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:cposxx:v:45:y:2024:i:3-4:p:633-652