Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Orieji Chimere-Dan 
Author-X-Name-First: Orieji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chimere-Dan 
Title: Recent fertility patterns and population policy in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article shows that beneath the declining trend reflected in national
 fertility data lies a potential for the rate of decline to slow down as a
 result of a relatively high level of fertility among African women who
 have never been married and those under the age of 30. Women in these two
 situations attract policy attention because of their critical roles in the
 rate at which fertility declines. National population policy that deals
 with such women must go beyond the traditional population activities to
 include programmes concerned with the socio-economic background of the
 emergent patterns of reproductive behaviour. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439947 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439947 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:1-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Breslin 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Breslin 
Author-Name: Peter Delius 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Delius 
Author-Name: Carlos Madrid 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madrid 
Title: Strengthening institutional safety nets in South Africa: Sharing operation hunger's insights and experiences 
Abstract:
  Poverty and malnutrition are major problems in South Africa, especially
 among black people in rural areas. The poorest are heavily dependent on
 social pensions, remittances, low wages, piece jobs and, to a very small
 extent, household agriculture. Industrial safety nets are weak and do not
 necessarily help the vulnerable to overcome their poverty. This article
 draws on the experience of Operation Hunger, a South African NGO founded
 in 1980, to examine the impact of poverty-alleviation programmes on the
 recipients. The article reviews the strategies employed by the government
 and NGOs to strengthen vulnerable households -food aid, public works and
 agricultural programmes - drawing on Operation Hunger's experience in
 these areas. The article concludes that targeting, monitoring and
 evaluating, and piloting development programmes are crucial, and stresses
 the importance of NGOs in this regard. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 21-41 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439948 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439948 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:21-41




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Harrison 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison 
Author-Name: Alison Todes 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Todes 
Author-Name: Vanessa Watson 
Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watson 
Title: Transforming South Africa's cities: Prospects for the economic development of urban townships 
Abstract:
  This article identifies and evaluates the range of strategies being used
 to generate economic activity close to and within townships, focusing on
 the three metropolitan areas of Gauteng, the Durban Functional Region and
 metropolitan Cape Town. After placing townships in the context of the
 larger city and the overall strategy of local economic development, the
 article examines the various types of strategies that have been proposed
 to stimulate and support economic activity: the currently dominant spatial
 strategies, the provision of services infrastructure, the development of
 economic infrastructure, small business support services, and public
 works. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 43-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439949 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439949 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:43-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Mainardi 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mainardi 
Title: Mineral resources and economic development: A survey 
Abstract:
  The contradictory effects of the presence of a dominant mining sector
 have stimulated an intense debate in the literature, with these effects
 being seen either as a blessing or as a curse for economic development and
 policy-making in a developing economy. The direct or indirect implications
 concern aspects such as inflation, employment, and exchange rates. This
 article reviews some major studies on the subject and examines their
 contending hypotheses and empirical findings. The differences can be
 explained partly by objective differences in the minerals, countries and
 periods analysed. Particular attention is paid to South Africa and Africa,
 and to the preconditions for an effective use of mineral endowments. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 61-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439950 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439950 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:61-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Title: A strategic development management orientation for local authorities 
Abstract:
  One of the direct consequences of political transformation in South
 Africa is an increasing emphasis on development. An important element of
 this is the often-expressed wish that local authorities become more
 development orientated. For the purposes of this article, being
 'developed' is defined as having the capacity and power to resist threats
 from the dynamic environment and to utilise its opportunities in a
 responsible and sustainable manner. Development is not a condition that
 can be bestowed on people by a local authority or any other development
 agent. But a local authority is part of the multidimensional environment,
 and a development-orientated local authority contributes to the process of
 development by purposefully eliminating threats from this environment and
 providing access to opportunities in matters it is mandated to deal with.
 A development-orientated local authority should therefore have a strategic
 (or mission-driven) development management approach. This article proposes
 an arrangement to incorporate such an approach into the organisational
 structure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 79-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439951 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439951 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:79-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Title: Financial analysis of the electrification programme 
Abstract:
  This article presents results from a financial analysis of the national
 electrification programme. The study benefitedfrom the inclusion of
 detailed capital cost modelling and data describing trends in the growth
 of consumption since the inception of the programme. The analysis
 calculated nett present value and accumulated debt, and quantified the
 level of subsidies required to ensure that the programme is financially
 viable. The effect of these subsidies on existing surpluses, possible
 price increases, and financial transfers between regions is investigated.
 Financial results are determined largely by capital costs, which are
 likely to be higher than estimated in previous studies. Electrification
 results in large losses, with revenues inadequate to cover even operating
 costs not related to financing, and the required subsidies are about Rl,6
 billion per year, equivalent to an average 8 per cent general tariff
 increase. It is concluded that important questions relating to the source
 and distribution of subsidies, as well as the inclusion of off-grid
 technologies, will have to be resolved if electrification is to be
 sustained beyond the year 2000. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 97-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439952 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439952 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:97-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nick Vink 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vink 
Author-Name: Tommy Fenyes 
Author-X-Name-First: Tommy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fenyes 
Title: The 34th annual conference of the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa, Midrand, 1996 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 121-124 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439953 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439953 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:1:p:121-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence Haddad 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad 
Author-Name: Manfred Zeller 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeller 
Title: Can social security programmes do more with less? General issues and the challenges for Southern Africa 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 125-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439956 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439956 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:125-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bongani Khuumalo 
Author-X-Name-First: Bongani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khuumalo 
Author-Name: Anthony Wright 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright 
Title: Reassessing public expenditure priorities: The case of education in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper highlights one of the central challenges facing the present
 South African government - meeting the strong demands for increased and
 more equitable provisions of education and maintaining fiscal discipline.
 This task need not be daunting, as theory and evidence suggest that there
 is considerable scope for rationalising the existing state provision of
 social services in South Africa to make them more equitable and efficient.
 We employ an economic theory of clubs and argue that the provision of
 basic education should be prioritised while the subsidisation of
 sophisticated and higher levels of education should be reconsidered. More
 specifically, the qualitative upgrading of basic schooling deserves more
 priority from the state while subsidies to exclusive schools and to
 university students need review. Such rationalisations should encourage
 sustained economic growth and enable the state to meet its RDP objectives
 without compromising its commitment to fiscal discipline. However, to
 achieve this the state will have to resist the strong pressures for the
 continued provision of services which bestow large private benefits on
 privileged groups. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 155-168 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439957 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439957 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:155-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie M&#xf8;ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: M&#xf8;ller 
Author-Name: Amanda Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Title: Perceptions of service delivery and happiness 
Abstract:
  An important task for students of development is to monitor progress in
 bringing basic services to all South Africans, one of the major objectives
 of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). This article
 reports on a subjective indicator study which began in February 1995, nine
 months after the April 1994 elections. The study, commissioned by
 Information Update, a Human Sciences Research Council research
 publication, inquired into personal happiness and assessments of local
 public services including access to water, education, electricity, health
 care, roads and transport. Over 5 700 South Africans were polled during
 1995 in three nationally representative sample surveys. Secondary data
 analysis showed that perceived improvements to local services were closely
 associated with increases in happiness among all sectors of the
 population, including rural dwellers and the poor. The article discusses
 the policy implications of this finding for future voting behaviour and
 efficient local government. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 169-184 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439958 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439958 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:169-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JR Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: JR 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: M. Morris 
Author-X-Name-First: M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris 
Title: KwaZulu-Natal's rural institutional environment: Its impact on local service delivery 
Abstract:
  This article examines the rural institutional framework in KwaZulu-Natal
 as it pertains to local service delivery, and claims that the key
 component of development is getting the institutional environments right.
 The article assesses relevant literature and introduces a dual framework
 linking institutionalist and organisational perspectives. The
 institutional framework of KwaZulu-Natal is discussed in terms of its
 historical development, and a critical analysis of its present
 configuration is carried out. The article highlights the mismatch between
 rural development needs and the institutional framework of the province
 and generates a number of policy proposals in an attempt to correct this
 problem. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 185-209 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439959 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439959 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:185-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zwelakhe Tshandu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zwelakhe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tshandu 
Author-Name: Elvis Fraser 
Author-X-Name-First: Elvis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser 
Title: Explaining ethnic violence in black Africa: Independence to 1979 
Abstract:
  The underlying causes of ethnic mobilisation have been addressed by
 theories of cultural pluralism, ethnic competition, differential economic
 incorporation and modernisation. Up to now, no quantitative cross-national
 study has tested all these perspectives simultaneously. The results of
 this study provide support for some aspects of the different theories,
 with the exception of the theory of differential economic incorporation.
 The results of the synthetic model stress the importance of examining
 multiple perspectives in order to avoid only partially correct
 representations of the historical reasons behind ethnic conflict in black
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 211-235 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439960 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439960 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:211-235




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oludele Akinboade 
Author-X-Name-First: Oludele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinboade 
Author-Name: V. Lekwape 
Author-X-Name-First: V. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lekwape 
Title: Agriculture and the migration of labour to a capital city: The case of Gaborone, Botswana 
Abstract:
  This study examines some aspects of rural urban migration in Botswana,
 focusing in particular on Gaborone, the capital. Models are specified that
 relate age grouping, sectoral income differential, government employment
 and time to male and female migration. Econometric models were based on
 published data. The study indicates that there is a positive relationship
 between migration and central government employment, expressed as a
 proportion of total formal employment. The differential between
 agricultural and average non-agricultural income, especially for male
 migrants, is also positively related to migration. The results show that
 with time, male and female migration to Gaborone is likely to increase.
 Male migration is positively related to arable crop cultivation, whereas
 female migration has an adverse effect on it. Neither has any significant
 influence on harvested crop area in Botswana 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 237-253 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439961 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439961 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:237-253




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brij Maharaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Brij 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maharaj 
Author-Name: Rinku Rajkumar 
Author-X-Name-First: Rinku 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajkumar 
Title: The 'alien invasion' in South Africa: Illegal immigrants in Durban 
Abstract:
  Although South Africa's emerging non-racial democracy has been
 internationally acclaimed, global integration has also brought its
 problems. One of these is the greater number of illegal immigrants
 entering the country. This article examines the problem of illegal
 immigration by focusing on an intensive case study in the locality of
 Durban. It attempts to identify reasons for illegal immigrants coming to
 South Africa, ascertain their country of origin, investigate the
 consequences of their stay in the Republic, identify problems associated
 with immigrants, and assess policy options to reduce the influx of aliens.
 The study reveals that the majority of illegal immigrants come to South
 Africa in search of better economic opportunities. However, they are
 accused of taking away the jobs of locals, lowering wages and spreading
 diseases. Although official government policy towards illegals is embodied
 in the Aliens Control Act (1991), there is a need to understand the
 problem within its regional and historical context. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 255-273 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439962 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439962 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:255-273




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JB Eckert 
Author-X-Name-First: JB 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eckert 
Author-Name: GF Liebenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: GF 
Author-X-Name-Last: Liebenberg 
Author-Name: DP Troskie 
Author-X-Name-First: DP 
Author-X-Name-Last: Troskie 
Title: An agricultural SAM for the Western Cape 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 275-283 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439963 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439963 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:275-283




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dot Keet 
Author-X-Name-First: Dot 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keet 
Title: Europe's free-trade plans with South Africa: Strategic responses from and challenges to South and Southern Africa 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 285-293 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439964 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439964 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:285-293




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alan Lipman 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipman 
Author-Name: Howard Harris 
Author-X-Name-First: Howard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris 
Title: User participation - a closed dialogue 
Abstract:
  The arguments presented in this article centre on attempts to Jorge
 architectures that are appropriate to the new South Africa. These efforts
 are rooted in our long-held, modernist commitment to architectures that do
 more than simply reflect the societies in which they are produced.
 Buildings, for us, are not merely images of what is, of how we live at the
 moment. On the contrary, we hold that, via its material presence as
 embodied human action, architecture can and does speak of what might be
 and of how we might live. Appropriate architectures for the new South
 Africa must, then, help to shape and educate people's desires. This, of
 course, is much more than just a matter of form and style. In the
 nineteenth century, engineers and architects were called on to accommodate
 new social relationships in the new building types they designed:
 factories, railway stations, public libraries and so on. In the same way
 South African designers in the 1990s are being challenged to apply their
 knowledge and skills to the new spatial demands of their burgeoning
 democratic society. In confronting these expectations, architects have to
 work closely with the users of the buildings they design; that is, the
 community. In short, the new spatial forms which architects propose need
 to embody the participatory processes which will produce them. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 295-306 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439965 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439965 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:2:p:295-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Streak 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Streak 
Title: The counter-counterrevolution in development theory on the role of the state in development: Inferences for South Africa? 
Abstract:
  This article considers the evolution of ideas in development theory on
 the role of the state in development in an attempt to draw inferences for
 South Africa. It offers a critique of the neoliberal view and presents the
 revisionists' insights on why entrepreneurial action, institutional
 building and effective conflict management by the state can promote
 development. It is suggested that a number of case studies support the
 revisionists' theory that rapid industrialisation calls for the state to
 provide a vision for structural change and implement industrial policy
 which incorporates supply-side incentives and demand-side controls. A
 description of the role of the state in South Korean development
 illustrates the form of state intervention which, according to the new
 insights, stimulates development and uncovers the conditions needed for
 effective state action. It becomes clear that there is no theoretical or
 empirical reason to expect markets to provide rapid industrialisation on
 their own. With regard to the inferences for South Africa, the argument is
 that while recent developments in economic theory and history present a
 clear picture of the institutional configuration needed to launch the
 economy onto a higher growth path, constraints imposed on state action
 undermine its creation and explain why government has opted for
 liberalisation. The implication is that development prospects are at best
 uncertain and probably poor. Until the neo-liberal intellectual and policy
 consensus is questioned, the South African government will not be able to
 embark on the institution-building and policy action required for
 sustainable improvements in welfare outcomes. In the meantime, accelerated
 growth will depend primarily on the decisions of foreign investors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439968 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439968 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:307-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Mayer 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayer 
Author-Name: Rosalind Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Title: Trade integration in the Southern African development community: Prospects and problems 
Abstract:
  The adoption of a trade and development protocol by the member states of
 the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in August 1996 marks the
 end of an era of sectoral cooperation and the beginning of a process of
 trade integration among these countries. This article provides a
 preliminary analysis of the obstacles and opportunities which trade
 integration presents for the Southern African region in the context of the
 institutional and structural factors currently influencing trade patterns
 both within and outside the region. Critically, the article poses the
 question whether the provisions of the trade protocol provide an adequate
 framework for the region's agenda of trade integration and industrial
 development that is equitable, balanced and mutually beneficial. The
 analysis demonstrates that it does not, and hence the authors argue that
 measures that lie beyond the provisions of the trade protocol are a sine
 qua non for the success of trade integration. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 327-353 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439969 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439969 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:327-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Title: Land reform in South Africa: A vehicle for justice and reconciliation, or a source of further inequality and conflict? 
Abstract:
  One of the primary stated aims of the South African government's land
 reform programme is to contribute towards reconciliation by addressing the
 injustices and inequalities of past land allocation. It is however not
 clear that the land reform initiative will be able to pursue its goals of
 distributive justice and reconciliation without in the process
 contributing to the very problems of inequality, competition and conflict
 that it seeks to overcome. The article outlines some of the ways in which
 this potentially contradictory process is likely to unfold, both in terms
 of the official approach outlined in the Green Paper on Land Policy, as
 well as in terms of likely developments on the ground. A related paradox
 is considered: that in order to overcome the land dispossession and
 disruption caused by forced resettlement, there will need to be further
 resettlement, as black people move onto formally white-owned land. While
 in theory voluntary, and involving land gain, rather than loss, such
 resettlement is nevertheless likely to involve significant difficulties of
 its own. For land reform to stand any realistic chance of succeeding and
 of helping effect justice and reconciliation, we need to be as clear and
 honest as we know how as to what the real costs and unintended
 consequences are likely to be. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 355-362 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439970 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439970 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:355-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Klitgaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klitgaard 
Author-Name: Amanda Fitschen 
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fitschen 
Title: Exploring income variations across traditional authorities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  To understand income inequality and poverty, one must go beyond the
 important and much-studied differences rural and urban living and
 investigate inequalities within rural areas. Using new South African data
 aggregated by 'traditional authorities', this article examines variations
 in per capita income across poor, rural, mostly black areas of
 KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. The inequalities are significant. In
 explaining them, the article examines the importance of such variables as
 education, proportion of females in the resident population, population
 density, soil quality and rainfall. A geographical information system is
 used to map both the raw data and the residuals from a regression
 analysis, and this combination of statistical and geographical analyses
 yields new insights. Finally, the article suggests how these techniques
 might be supplemented by qualitative and quantitative studies of
 'overachieving' and 'underachieving' traditional authorities - those whose
 incomes per capita are well above or below what regression equations would
 predict. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 363-376 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439971 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439971 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:363-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Machethe 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe 
Author-Name: Thomas Reardon 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reardon 
Author-Name: Donald Mead 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mead 
Title: Promoting farm/non-farm linkages for employment of the poor in South Africa: A research agenda focused on small-scale farms and agroindustry 
Abstract:
  This article presents a policy research agenda for the promotion of
 farm/non-farm linkages in South Africa. Our premise is that promoting the
 participation of small farms and small agroindustrial businesses in these
 linkages will have a strong impact on employment and income for the poor.
 We argue that there is potential for growth in linkages. The first
 question of the policy research agenda concerns the current status of
 linkages, and we note the dearth of research on this. The second question
 concerns the constraints on and prospects for promoting linkages from the
 demand side, and the third question treats the same concerns from the
 supply side. The fourth question is rooted in the duality in South
 Africa's non-farm and farm sectors, and asks whether, and how, small and
 large agroindustrial businesses and farms will compete or relate in
 'business linkages' that can benefit intersectoral linkages. The final
 question concerns the impacts of and alternatives for policies and
 programmes to spur linkages. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 377-394 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439972 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439972 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:377-394




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Hall 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall 
Title: Unemployment and urban development in Gauteng 
Abstract:
  One aspect of the unemployment crisis which has not received much
 attention in South Africa is the spatial distribution of unemployment
 within cities. Concentrated unemployment within cities may be seen
 primarily as a product of market and non-market housing allocation
 processes or of the spatial location of employment opportunities. This
 article examines the situation in Gauteng province using the 1991
 population census and a 1995 survey of employers and using regression
 analysis to explain the unemployment rate in residential areas. It was
 found that there is no clear link between the location of employment
 opportunities and concentrated unemployment, suggesting that housing
 allocation factors play the decisive role. The findings raise some
 difficult questions about the appropriateness of urban development
 strategies which vigorously pursue the collocation of places of residence
 and work. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 395-411 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439973 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439973 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:395-411




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline White 
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline 
Author-X-Name-Last: White 
Author-Name: Leslie Bank 
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bank 
Author-Name: Sean Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones 
Author-Name: Monga Mehlwana 
Author-X-Name-First: Monga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehlwana 
Title: Restricted electricity use among poor urban households 
Abstract:
  For a variety of reasons, this article argues, electricity must be seen
 by policy-makers in South Africa not as the sole provider of all future
 household energy needs, but rather as one component of an energy mix which
 includes such 'transitional' fuels as coal, gas and paraffin. The reasons
 for this are that electricity is expensive for poor households; it is
 subject to power failures and disconnections for non-payment; the poor
 find it difficult to monitor and to control their consumption; appliances
 are expensive and several are required to make best use of electricity;
 people prefer other fuels because they are familiar and have strong
 personal and cultural associations, and because Eskom is not trusted owing
 to its past ties to illegitimate local authorities and misunderstanding of
 electricity and how its use is monitored and charged for. Further, it is
 mistaken to equate 'development' with total electrification: most
 developed countries have fuel mixes which include gas and coal,
 particularly for cooking and heating. Accepting an affordable fuel mix for
 the poor in particular would focus attention on the problems currently
 associated with paraffin, gas and coal, namely fires, poisoning and air
 pollution. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 413-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439974 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439974 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:413-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tessa Marcus 
Author-X-Name-First: Tessa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcus 
Title: Interpreting the risks of AIDS: A case study of long-distance truck drivers 
Abstract:
  This is a study of long-distance truck drivers - their perceptions of
 working conditions, social networks, and health and sexual practices. Its
 purpose is to place AIDS in the work and life context of truckers in order
 to establish the meaning of 'risk' of AIDS. The research also aims to
 contribute to practical, multilateral action by all players in order to
 address the problems drivers in the industry face, one of which is AIDS.
 The findings are based on a study of 213 long-distance truck drivers
 passing through the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during ten
 days in April 1995. Drivers are in trucking to feed themselves and their
 families. The sophisticated road network, the need to earn money and the
 poor rates of pay create a work routine which puts them under continuous
 pressure to drive. Their work routine is exhausting, lonely, isolating and
 boring. It is also dangerous and hard. These conditions of employment take
 a toll on drivers' health and emotional well-being. Despite or because of
 the intensity of their work routine they look for opportunities to unwind.
 For many this includes buying drink and sex, the few recreational
 activities which are readily available, immediately gratifying and
 congruent with the demands of a job which leaves truckers 'dreaming of
 home'. Buying sex is tantamount to a condition of work. Objectively, the
 core of drivers who acknowledge having unprotected sex with multiple
 partners - between a third and half of all drivers - can be considered to
 be at high risk. Their susceptibility to AIDS may be greater if additional
 sexual and health factors are taken into consideration. Subjectively,
 drivers do not relate the risks of AIDS to their own practices or their
 'knowledge' that having multiple partners increases the danger. Their
 fears are greatest where they have been tested for HIV, or they know or
 have heard of someone who has died of AIDS. The fluidity of the boundaries
 of risk, for them and the women they interact with on the road and at
 home, presents a huge personal and personnel crisis in an industry which
 is notable for the lack of support it provides to drivers. The risk of
 AIDS has to be acted on, but it cannot be treated in isolation from other
 problems of health and working conditions which have a bearing on the
 well-being of truckers. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 425-445 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439975 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439975 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:425-445




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Donaldson 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donaldson 
Title: Social development and macroeconomic policy 
Abstract:
  We have a clear idea of what it is that South Africa needs and deserves,
 both now and in the future. We also all agree that in order to create the
 conditions which will address those needs, we will have to go without some
 things in the short term. Until now, we, in this House, have not agreed on
 what it is that we should part with for the common good ...2 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 447-462 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439976 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439976 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:447-462




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Friedman 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedman 
Title: Delivery and its discontents: Delivery targets and the development challenge 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 463-470 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439977 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439977 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:463-470




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CJ van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: CJ 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: BF Mavhandu 
Author-X-Name-First: BF 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavhandu 
Author-Name: HD van Schalkwyk 
Author-X-Name-First: HD 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Schalkwyk 
Title: The informal food marketing system in urban environments: Case studies of Kagiso and Orange Farm 
Abstract:
  The rapid development of urban townships and the failure of the formal
 sector to meet the township demand have led to the emergence of informally
 organised marketing systems, which have certain advantages over their
 formal counterparts. This note presents the findings of a study on the
 informal marketing of vegetables and fruit in two townships of Gauteng
 Province, namely Kagiso and Orange Farm. The data collection procedures
 are discussed first and then the results are presented with regard to the
 kinds of vegetables and fruit sold, their pricing, supply and transport,
 and the constraints faced by informal traders. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 471-476 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439978 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439978 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:471-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Winter 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winter 
Title: Conflicting challenges in development, Edited by P Styger, S Meyer & A Saayman 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-478 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439979 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439979 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:477-478




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JF Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: JF 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Scientific communities in the developing world, Edited by J Gaillard, W Krishna & R Waast 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 479-480 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439980 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439980 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:3:p:479-480




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Title: South African social security under apartheid and beyond 
Abstract:
  Under apartheid, the trappings of a welfare state for whites were
 created. Over time, social security was gradually extended to other
 groups, and recently social assistance benefits were equalised. This left
 South Africa with high social security levels for a middle-income
 developing country. However, the social security system still largely
 reflects the historical needs of vulnerable white groups under apartheid,
 among whom unemployment was minimal, given their preferential access to
 jobs and education. Thus the social security system now has inadequate
 provision for the most vulnerable, the unemployed. In contrast, four out
 of five pensioners receive a means-tested social pension &#x2014; a major
 poverty-alleviating factor in rural black communities. This article
 analyses the social security system against the backdrop of apartheid and
 the more recent democratisation, and assesses its major deficiencies, the
 forces acting for its expansion and the binding fiscal constraint. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 481-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439982 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439982 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:481-503




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Crothers 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crothers 
Title: The level of poverty in South Africa: Consideration of an experiential measure 
Abstract:
  Poverty is usually measured on a basis that is either subjective
 (respondent's perceptions) or objective (relating to some externally set
 standard). This article draws on an 'experiential' measure of poverty in
 which respondents with children report on whether or not they have had
 sufficient money to feed their children. Data from South Africa's 1994
 October Household Survey showed that this and other measures revealed
 similar levels of poverty. However, the picture drawn of the social
 distribution of poverty suggests a higher incidence amongst those in
 squatter settlements and a lower incidence in rural areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 505-512 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439983 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439983 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:505-512




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debbie Budlender 
Author-X-Name-First: Debbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Budlender 
Title: Women, gender and policy-making in the South African context 
Abstract:
  Equality, including gender equality, is a fundamental principle of the
 South African constitution. This article is intended as a briefing
 document for researchers and policy-makers on some of the more qualitative
 gender considerations involved in policy-making and analysis. The article
 is not based on original research or data analysis, but is informed by a
 range of papers and studies which throw up gender questions about
 conventional ways of seeing. The article starts by dealing briefly with
 the distinction between 'equity' and 'efficiency' arguments for gender
 equality. After summarising past and current developments in establishing
 gender machinery within government, it goes on to suggest how traditional
 economic theory obscures or distorts gender issues. Finally it discusses
 the use and abuse of concepts commonly encountered in both poverty studies
 and discussions of gender. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 513-529 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439984 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439984 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:513-529




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Roux 
Author-X-Name-First: Andre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roux 
Title: Defence expenditure and development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article explores the channels through which defence can either
 promote or compromise economic development. It reviews the roles of the
 military as an agent for modernisation in developing societies and as an
 absorber of scarce resources. The article then examines how the military
 affected development in South Africa in the past and how it could do so in
 the future, given the decline in defence expenditure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-545 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439985 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439985 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:531-545




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Onesmus Ayaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Onesmus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ayaya 
Title: Financial reform and credit extension in Lesotho 
Abstract:
  The study on which this article is based was concerned with establishing
 whether the lending behaviour of Lesotho's commercial banks in relation to
 the private sector has changed following the reforms that have been
 implemented since 1980. The influence of macroeconomic variables on
 agricultural credit and on private sector lending provided through the
 existing commercial banks during the period 1980 to 1993 was examined. The
 results showed a high and significant association between total credit
 extension and the general performance of the economy. Macroeconomic
 variables such as returns on financial securities in Lesotho and bonds in
 the Republic of South Africa, bank discount rates and the interest rates
 on saving deposits applicable in Lesotho had a key effect on the extension
 of credit by commercial banks to the private sector. The study concluded
 that credit extension activities in Lesotho during the study period were
 sensitive to the macroeconomic environment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 547-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439986 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439986 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:547-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: MC Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: MC 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Author-Name: MAG Darroch 
Author-X-Name-First: MAG 
Author-X-Name-Last: Darroch 
Title: Broadening access to land markets: Financing emerging farmers in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article reports on a pilot survey of commercial farms acquired by
 disadvantaged people in the province of Kwazulu-Natal, and describes a
 recent financial strategy to improve access to land. The survey tested a
 sampling technique to gather information about the rate of land
 redistribution, the source of terms and conditions of loans used to
 finance land, and the nature of property rights, managerial arrangements
 and land use patterns on farms acquired by disadvantaged people. It was
 estimated that only 0,09 per cent of the farmland available for
 redistribution was transferred to disadvantaged people during 1995. This
 low rate of transfer was attributed largely to legislation regulating the
 subdivision of farmland, and liquidity problems created by traditional
 mortgage loans. Recent experiments involving mortgage loans with graduated
 repayment schedules have helped to address the cashflow problem. However,
 these financial innovations, funded largely by the private sector, are not
 widely available and their impact is constrained by the Subdivision of
 Agricultural Land Act. It is recommended that the government amend or
 scrap this Act, and include financial strategies used by the private
 sector in its own range of land redistribution programmes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 561-568 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439987 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439987 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:561-568




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CM Matanyaire 
Author-X-Name-First: CM 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matanyaire 
Title: Sources of capital and income for communal area farmers in Kavango: Implications for agriculture and rural development 
Abstract:
  A survey based on a structured questionnaire was conducted at the
 beginning of 1995 to identify sources of capital and income for rural
 households in Kavango. The survey, which covered 80 households, revealed
 that there was a high dependence on external income sources. Pensions were
 the major source of income for the highest proportion of all households
 (33 per cent), followed by wages (23 per cent) and brewing (10 per cent).
 Other sources of income of similar importance to brewing were crop sales,
 non-formal work and cash remittances. Livestock were a minor source of
 income but a major source of capital and food security. Households with
 smaller cattle herds depended more on cattle for income and food security
 than those with larger herds. Cattle were a highly valued production
 resource that was only consumed during times of crisis and only in the
 absence of less valuable assets that could be easily liquidated. Grain
 storage was more popular among groups with the lowest income. By various
 criteria, female-headed households always tended to be in the group of
 households categorised as the poorest of the poor. However, given
 sufficient income, over one third of them would purchase cattle to
 diversify their investment portfolio. This article presents a number of
 potential strategies for improving the incomes of rural households in
 Kavango. These include the promotion of equitable livestock ownership and
 better use of the grazing resource through community management,
 intensification of cropping and the implementation of labour-intensive
 programmes to develop rural infrastructure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 569-589 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439988 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439988 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:569-589




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trevor Bell 
Author-X-Name-First: Trevor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell 
Author-Name: Greg Farrell 
Author-X-Name-First: Greg 
Author-X-Name-Last: Farrell 
Title: The minerals-energy complex and South African industrialisation 
Abstract:
  In their recent book Fine & Rustomjee argue that the minerals-energy
 complex (MEC) as a system of accumulation had a determining and retarding
 effect on South African industrialisation. The evidence on the share of
 the MEC sectors in the GDP does not support the contention that the MEC as
 a system of accumulation has effectively increased the economy's
 dependence on these sectors. Statistical evidence contradicts Fine &
 Rustomjee s view that South Africa's import-substituting industrialisation
 did not move from consumption goods to intermediate and then to capital
 goods, but in the opposite direction. There is no historical evidence to
 support the contention that the MEC as a system of accumulation prevented
 diversification of manufacturing industry and thus retarded
 industrialisation. Manufacturing industry did diversify both between the
 wars and in the postwar period. It is suggested that state-promoted
 developments in MEC manufacturing sectors represented important and
 necessary steps towards full-scale industrialisation, which began in South
 Africa between the wars. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 591-613 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439989 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439989 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:591-613




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Macun 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Macun 
Title: Race, class and the changing division of labour under apartheid, By Owen Crankshaw 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 615-618 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439990 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439990 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:615-618




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shireen Hassim 
Author-X-Name-First: Shireen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassim 
Title: The women's budget and The second women's budget, Edited by Debbie Budlender 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 619-621 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 14 
Year: 1997 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359708439991 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359708439991 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:14:y:1997:i:4:p:619-621




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maano Ramutsindela 
Author-X-Name-First: Maano 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramutsindela 
Title: The survival of apartheid's last town council in Groblersdal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The reconfiguration of South Africa's internal territorial spaces after
 1990 was a logical outcome of the need to undo the effects of decades of
 territorial dismemberment under apartheid. In spite of the spatial
 reordering of areas which were controlled and administered by town
 councils established during apartheid, the Town Council of Groblersdal and
 its area of jurisdiction have remained unchanged up to the time of
 writing. This article attempts to explain and analyse the survival of the
 town council of Groblersdal in the Northern Province. It argues that the
 town council used the vacuum created by the provincial boundary dispute
 between Mpumalanga and the Northern Province to maintain the status quo in
 spite of legal struggles to determine its political future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439992 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439992 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:1-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amin Kamete 
Author-X-Name-First: Amin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamete 
Title: Continuity with change: A review of Zimbabwe's public sector urban low-income housing production system 
Abstract:
  This article reviews Zimbabwe's public sector urban low-income housing
 production system, in over one hundred years of urbanisation marked by
 changes in governments, political economies, ideologies and urban systems.
 By examining important features in organisation, construction, costing,
 finance and allocation, the study reveals that in essence. Zimbabwe's
 public sector housing production system has not changed significantly
 since the early years of urbanisation. The consistency and resilience of
 the more important features, both in the colonial and post-colonial eras,
 overshadow what changes there have been. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 13-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439993 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439993 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:13-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Wetmore 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wetmore 
Author-Name: Francois Theron 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Theron 
Title: Community development and research: Participatory learning and action -a development strategy in itself 
Abstract:
  For any development facilitator or change agent, a potential paradox can
 arise when, assisting with self-reliant participatory development. This
 paradox occurs when the change agent tries to help and encourage people to
 develop themselves and, in so doing, undermines their self-reliance and
 sustainability, the very aim of development. The theoretical basis for the
 meaning of development is often at the root of such a paradox: it is
 argued that theory and the concept of development are in actual fact
 incompatible within the realm of social reality. It is further argued that
 Participatory Learning and Action (PLA), which rejects theory as the
 foundation for development and embraces human consciousness, can offer an
 appropriate strategy that can avoid such a paradox. This article is
 inspired by the tenacious efforts of resource-poor people. It is largely
 based on PLA initiatives undertaken in the Little Karoo, South Africa and
 Odibo, Namibia, as well as in various communities in Zambia, and on
 numerous RDP capacity-building training initiatives in the Northern Cape
 Province. South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 29-54 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439994 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439994 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:29-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gina Buijs 
Author-X-Name-First: Gina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buijs 
Title: Savings and loan clubs: Risky ventures or good business practice? A study of the importance of rotating savings and credit associations for poor women 
Abstract:
  This article is based on research into rotating savings and credit
 associations (ROSCAs) which was conducted for the HSRC Cooperative
 Programme on Marriage and Family Life, in Grahamstown (Rhini) and
 Zwelitsha, near King William's Town, Eastern Cape, in 1993. One hundred
 women and men who were members of different ROSCAs were interviewed. These
 associations had from six to 22 members each. Unstructured interviews with
 members were the main method of research but meetings and events,
 organised by members of Roscas in these areas, were also attended The
 interviews were conducted by the author and three research assistants, two
 of whom were first-language Xhosa speakers. Use was also made of an
 aide-memoire based on Ardener (1964). Pseudonyms have been used throughout
 the article to protect the anonymity of informants. The research found
 that among poor women, both wage earners and self-employed, membership of
 a Rosca was a support mechanism in their search for income-earning
 activities, and a means of maximising their resources. In addition,
 membership of such schemes provided a supportive environment in which
 women could enjoy socialising at the weekly meetings, and also make
 important contacts which assisted them in their business and childcare
 activities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 55-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439995 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439995 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:55-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ASM Karaan 
Author-X-Name-First: ASM 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karaan 
Author-Name: N. Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-First: N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed 
Title: The performance and support of food gardens in some townships of the Cape Metropolitan Area: An evaluation of Abalimi Bezekhaya 
Abstract:
  Drawing on an evaluation of the gardening promotion activities of Abalimi
 Bezekhaya, a gardening organisation operating in the townships of the Cape
 Metropolitan Area, this article puts forward recommendations and policy
 directives for the development of urban agricultural initiatives. Field
 research, undertaken with gardeners in the townships, utilised
 participatory methodologies to elicit their opinions and gain insight into
 their motivations for gardening, the various constraints they face, and
 their opinion of the services provided by Abalimi Bezekhaya. From these
 exercises, recommendations were made to the organisation on how it could
 improve its services to the communities. In addition, the evaluation
 revealed that urban agriculture offers gardeners an opportunity to become
 involved in a development strategy which holds tremendous potential and
 which can expand into an entrepreneurial activity, if due attention is
 paid to issues of policy, agricultural development, land reform and the
 creation of livelihoods. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 67-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439996 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439996 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:67-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alastair Orr 
Author-X-Name-First: Alastair 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orr 
Title: Unwrapping a technology package: Burley, fertiliser, and hybrid maize in Malawi 
Abstract:
  Burley, fertiliser, and hybrid maize form a technology package designed
 to combine growth and the alleviation of poverty in Malawi. Adoption of
 the technology package was explored using hierarchical decision trees. The
 results showed that the three components formed a distinct package,
 although they were adopted neither simultaneously nor continuously.
 However, poorer smallholders, particularly women, generally lacked
 sufficient land and labour to adopt burley, and adoption of fertiliser and
 hybrid maize was constrained by lack of cash or credit. The scale of the
 technology package therefore meant that it was not adopted by smallholders
 cultivating 0,5 hectares or less, who constituted 48 per cent of
 smallholder households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 85-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439997 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439997 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:85-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Najma Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-First: Najma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed 
Author-Name: Belinda Dodson 
Author-X-Name-First: Belinda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dodson 
Title: Sustainable rural livelihoods? Evaluating the potential of small-scale aquaculture in the Western Cape 
Abstract:
  Rural unemployment is exacerbated by the decrease in demand for farm
 labour on commercial farms; therefore, alternative livelihood
 opportunities for rural dwellers require investigation. The production of
 fish inform dams offers such an opportunity. A research project was
 undertaken to evaluate the potential of small-scale aquaculture to create
 sustainable rural livelihoods. An existing aquaculture project in De Dooms
 in the Western Cape was evaluated in terms of its ability to provide an
 alternative source of income and a cheap animal protein source. A needs
 assessment of the local community and an evaluation of the pilot project
 in terms of its potential to meet the identified needs were carried out.
 The results indicated that, subject to the implementation of the
 recommendations, the project has the potential to create sustainable
 livelihoods, but that sociopolitical issues should be accorded equal
 consideration to biotechnical and economic feasibility. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 103-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439998 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439998 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:103-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Timm 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timm 
Author-Name: Omar Jadwat 
Author-X-Name-First: Omar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jadwat 
Author-Name: Gerd Sippel 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sippel 
Title: The Masakhane campaign: Alice and King William's Town case studies 
Abstract:
  The high-profile media launch of the Masakhane campaign heightened
 awareness of issues associated with local government and service
 provision, However, delivery and improvement of services at local level
 have been slow or even non-existent, resulting in a general feeling of
 despondency. Fortunately, this situation is being challenged as some towns
 implement their own campaigns with increasingly promising results, as this
 article will show by tracing developments in Alice and King William's
 Town. Their experiences, together with those of a number of other towns,
 point to some exciting possibilities in achieving the ideals of the
 Masakhane campaign at local level. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 123-131 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808439999 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808439999 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:123-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Pierre Labuschagne 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Labuschagne 
Title: Public-private partnerships in the health industry 
Abstract:
  This article compares the traditional government method of procurement of
 goods and services with various public-private partnership methods and
 provides an overview of the various advantages and disadvantages of both.
 Governments face many challenges in meeting the basic needs of their
 people. The private sector is therefore becoming increasingly involved in
 the provision of a range of services. In South Africa, examples are the
 Maputo N4 Tollroad, various water and sanitation concessions, and even the
 building and running of prisons, all of which have received media
 coverage. Many of these forms of private sector involvement, and lessons
 learnt from these projects, could be transferred to the health care
 sector. The health industry is currently faced with the challenge of
 providing increased levels of service to a growing population. There has
 been much debate over the state of the nation's hospitals, all of which
 require some maintenance and at least a third of which need extensive, if
 not complete, replacement. This also applies to the equipment used in
 hospitals. Overseas, governments are looking to the private sector to work
 in partnership with them to address these concerns in terms of knowledge
 and expertise in delivering, financing and operating these services. By
 involving the private sector as a partner, governments can focus their
 energies on ensuring that adequate health policy frameworks are
 established and that the necessary health services are provided. The
 article identifies and highlights several ways in which the private sector
 and government could work together to solve many of the challenges facing
 the industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 133-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440000 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440000 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:133-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pandelani Thomas Mathoma 
Author-X-Name-First: Pandelani Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathoma 
Title: Third World professionals and development education in Europe: Personal narratives, global conversations, By Shanti George 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 143-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440001 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440001 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:1:p:143-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Heymans 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymans 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 147-149 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440002 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440002 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:147-149




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Pycroft 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pycroft 
Title: Integrated development planning or strategic paralysis? Municipal development during the local government transition and beyond 
Abstract:
  The launch of the Local Government White Paper in March 1998 provides a
 blueprint for the final form of local government in South Africa after its
 progression from apartheid structures, through the democratisation of
 councils, t.o the creation of developmental local government. According to
 the White Paper local government will centre on municipalities which will
 coordinate all development activities at national, provincial and local
 level, from private and public sectors. Municipalities will need to gain
 control over their devel opment resources, including land use. This
 article scrutinises the municipal planning legislation that has emerged
 since the end of apartheid in the form of the Development Facilitation Act
 (DFA) and the Local Government Transition Act, and argues that the Land
 Development Objectives (LDOs) of the DFA may not be an appropriate way to
 achieve developmental local government. The article argues that
 development tribunals could usurp the executive authority of
 municipalities to determine land use and therefore risk being both
 unconstitutional and counterproductive. It recommends that existing plan
 ning legislation is rationalised into an integrated framework that gives
 local government structures both legislative and executive authority over
 land-use planning. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 151-163 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440003 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440003 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:151-163




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Batchelor 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Batchelor 
Title: Policing the provinces: A budgetary analysis 
Abstract:
  This article examines the impact of the Financial and Fiscal Commission's
 (FFC) new provincial financing dispensation on the allocation of police
 resources and on the deliv ery of police services at provincial level.
 Trends in the police budget since the late 1989s are examined, and the
 existing provincial allocation of police resources is analysed, as well as
 the relationship between crime rates, socio-economic variables and the
 provincial allocation of police resources. A new framework for the
 provincial allocation of police resources is subsequently proposed. This
 framework is based on the FFC's proposed provincial grants formula and the
 establishment of a Crime Equalisation Fund (CEF) which allocates
 additional police resources based on each province's per capita crime
 rates and specific priority crimes. The article argues that the phased
 reallocation of po lice resources to provinces via this new framework will
 contribute to a more equitable and effective utilisation of existing
 police resources, which in turn should have a positive impact on the
 delivery of police services and the levels of crime. It also suggests that
 the further devolution of the police budget to provinces is likely to be
 inhibited by the ANC's commitment to retaining a national, centralised
 police service. Thus, any further devolu tion of budgetary powers with
 respect to policing will be determined by the outcome of centre-province
 political dynamics rather than by the need to combat crime more effec
 tively at provincial levels. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 165-184 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440004 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440004 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:165-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elling Tj&#xf8;nneland 
Author-X-Name-First: Elling 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tj&#xf8;nneland 
Title: Aid, development and politics in Southern Africa: A critical look at new conditionalities in official development assistance 
Abstract:
  Development aid totalling more than 25 billion rand a year is currently
 flowing from the North to the Southern African region. Several countries
 in the region are extremely de pendent on these financial transfers and
 foreign donors have become important players in domestic decision making.
 In recent years, Northern donors have increasingly demanded major
 political and administrative reforms in recipient countries as a condition
 for con tinued aid. This article examines these new political
 conditionalities, drawing on data from sub-Saharan and Southern Africa to
 illustrate certain key issues. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 185-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440005 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440005 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:185-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel Webb 
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb 
Title: Urban cultivation: Food crops and their importance 
Abstract:
  Despite having become a popular research field in the last decade, the
 study of urban cultivation suffers from a weak empirical base. This
 article argues that one of the aspects that has received only cursory
 attention is that of the crops that are grown. Support for this argument
 is based on a short review of the literature. Against this background, a
 method of deriving an index of crop importance is outlined. The index is
 based on crops that are grown by cultivators in the Eastern Cape, and
 individual measures that constitute it are those closely linked to
 household welfare. Consumption levels, the monetary value of crops
 consumed, and the income from crop sales are three examples. The index pro
 vides a more logical and legitimate basis for policy and planning than was
 previously the case. The emphasis is placed on the activities and
 priorities of the cultivators as opposed to hypothetically derived goals. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 201-213 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440006 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:201-213




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juliana Rwelamira 
Author-X-Name-First: Juliana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rwelamira 
Author-Name: Theo Kleynhans 
Author-X-Name-First: Theo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleynhans 
Title: The potential of and obstacles to agriculture in the Southern African Development Community 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the potential of and obstacles to agriculture in
 the Southern Afri can Development Community. The potential for horizontal
 and vertical expansion of agri cultural production is discussed Specific
 attention is given to problems of data availabil ity, macroeconomic policy
 and trade in the region, inadequate research, technology de velopment and
 extension, human capital and land tenure. The article integrates the con
 tributions of an African Development Bank study, regional policy and
 macroeconomic programmes, international studies on potential
 population-supporting capacity and re gional rural and agricultural
 programmes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 215-233 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440007 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440007 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:215-233




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Safalaoh 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Safalaoh 
Author-Name: Kinsley Jesemani 
Author-X-Name-First: Kinsley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jesemani 
Author-Name: Richard Phoya 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phoya 
Title: A survey of broiler production in the Blantyre Agricultural Development Division, Malawi 
Abstract:
  Broiler production is one of the fastest-growing income-generating
 enterprises in Malawi. This article discusses the results of a survey of
 this industry in Malawi in which 103 broiler farmers from the Blantyre
 Agricultural Development Division (BLADD) were interviewed. The article
 examines demographics, education level, general poultry man agement,
 disease control, the sources of chicks and breeds used, feeding and
 marketing. The broiler industry in Malawi is plagued by a lack of proper
 knowledge and technology in poultry husbandry and nutrition, of locally
 available ingredients for formulating low-cost balanced rations, of
 adequate and reliable veterinary pharmaceutical facilities and services,
 and of accessible credit, as well as an ineffective extension network and
 a poor processing and marketing infrastructure. With adequate resources,
 appropriate research and favourable government policies, solutions to
 these problems can be found to help advance the broiler industry in
 Malawi. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 235-250 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440008 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:235-250




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Makenete 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makenete 
Author-Name: Gerald Ortmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann 
Author-Name: Mark Darroch 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Darroch 
Title: Food-aid dependency in Lesotho: Issues and policy implications 
Abstract:
  This article analyses food-aid dependency in Lesotho and how it can be
 reduced. The study uses primary data on food aid, statistics collected
 from various food-aid agencies and institutions, and secondary data
 obtained from government sources. Food-aid de pendency is likely to
 continue in the long term, as food aid enhances food security in Le sotho
 by supplementing commercial imports to meet the shortfall in local cereal
 produc tion. Food aid improves the nutritional and consumption levels of
 vulnerable Lesotho households but shows no correlation with producer and
 consumer prices. If the level of food-aid dependence is to be reduced,
 measures to alleviate poverty and generate income must be implemented. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 251-266 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440009 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440009 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:251-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Forster 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forster 
Title: A South African national economic and environmental policyframework 
Abstract:
  Most contemporary economic theories upon which conventional national
 accounting is based regard man-made assets as productive capital to be
 depreciated against the value of production. Such production, without
 replenishment or renewal of the asset or capital stock, is not
 sustainable. Natural resource assets, however, are not valued in the same
 way. There is no accounting mechanism to reflect the decrease in potential
 future pro duction as the resource diminishes or deteriorates. In 1993,
 the United Nations adopted its guidelines for a 'System of Integrated
 Environmental and Economic Accounting' (SEEA), which allows for the
 adjustment of the System of National Accounts (SNA) for natural asset
 stripping and degradation, providing a format for national accounting
 which assesses the viability and sustainability of economic growth. The
 concept of an SEEA for South Africa was pursued in 1994 as a pilot study.
 The framework to be devel oped was termed the South African National
 Economic Environmental Planning (SANEEP) model. The framework can be used
 to predict the environmental impact, in terms of natural resource use and
 degradation, of economic growth, both nationally and at the sectoral
 level. In addition, it can be used to test the sectoral economic impact,
 and thus the desirability of certain types of environmental economic
 instruments such as pol lution taxes, or the imposition of royalties on
 mineral extraction. Hence, the SANEEP framework has the potential to
 become a broad-based, integrated environmental and economic planning tool.
 This article describes the SANEEP model, its information requirements and
 applications. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 267-285 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440010 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440010 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:267-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Crispian Olver 
Author-X-Name-First: Crispian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olver 
Title: Metropolitan government for the 21st century: Anticipated changes need maximum flexibility 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-291 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440011 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440011 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:289-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Boraine 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boraine 
Title: Administration at local level: Reflections on the white paper 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 293-296 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440012 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440012 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:293-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Bernstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein 
Title: Response to the white paper by the centre for development and enterprise 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 297-306 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440013 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440013 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:297-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hildegarde Fast 
Author-X-Name-First: Hildegarde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fast 
Title: The White Paper and the rural poor 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-311 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440014 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440014 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:307-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khehla Shubane 
Author-X-Name-First: Khehla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shubane 
Title: Chiefs and the White Paper 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 313-317 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440015 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440015 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:313-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Mmakola 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mmakola 
Title: Governing Africa's cities, (edited by Mark Swilling) 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 319-321 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440016 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440016 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:2:p:319-321




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Conrad Barberton 
Author-X-Name-First: Conrad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barberton 
Title: Restructuring the electricity distribution industry: An analysis of the proposed ownership and governance structures of regional electricity distributors 
Abstract:
  The electricity distribution industry is currently fragmented and in a
 financial crisis. The government proposes restructuring the industry into
 a number of regional electricity distributors (REDs) that will take over
 the electricity distribution function from municipalities and Eskom, who
 will be given shares in the REDs in exchange for their distribution
 assets. It is also proposed that REDs be controlled by boards consisting
 of customers, trade unions, national and provincial governments,
 municipalities and Eskom. This article critically examines these and other
 restructuring options relating to the ownership and governance of REDs. It
 is argued that these proposals would perpetuate the inequalities that
 exist between historically advantaged and disadvantaged local governments;
 that they would extend Eskom's monopoly of the electricity industry, and
 that they would obstruct good governance and private investment in the
 sector. To conclude, the article makes a number of recommendations that
 would mitigate these negative consequences. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 323-343 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440017 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440017 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:323-343




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justine Keswell-Burns 
Author-X-Name-First: Justine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keswell-Burns 
Title: Restructuring the electricity distribution sector: Implications for local government 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the proposals for restructuring the South African
 electricity distribution sector, with specific reference to the impact
 that such restructuring may have on local government. Currently, local
 government distributors rely on revenue from electricity sales to generate
 a surplus that is channelled into the relief of rates and provision of
 other services. The removal of this source of revenue may further impede
 the efficacy of local government. Issues pertaining to accountability, tax
 incidence and the financial viability of municipalities will also be
 affected, and therefore require further thought and clarification before a
 policy process is set in motion which yields adverse consequences. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 345-360 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440018 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440018 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:345-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Skip Krige 
Author-X-Name-First: Skip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krige 
Author-Name: Michael Schur 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schur 
Author-Name: Gerd Sippel 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sippel 
Title: The identification of towns in the Free State for an urban upgrading and development programme: A proposed method for consideration 
Abstract:
  This article describes how small towns in the Free State were assessed
 for a German-South African urban upgrading and development programme. The
 assessment first determined where the programme would have a significant
 impact on the recipient community and, secondly, where it would have a
 high probability of success. Two criteria were used: quantitative
 (settlement types, demographic and economic trends, financial and
 management capacity and performance, and access to services and housing)
 and qualitative (level of community-based participation in existing
 projects, the spirit of the place, economic potential and delivery record
 in terms of projects). These criteria reduced the number of appropriate
 towns to eight. A provincial steering committee (representing the
 political dimension) was appointed to incorporate the towns into the
 programme. They are representative of towns across the province, as well
 as a variety of settlement types. This method can be considered on a
 provincial or regional basis elsewhere for evaluating and ranking small
 towns for development support. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 361-377 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440019 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440019 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:361-377




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrie Schoombee 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoombee 
Title: The financial systems approach to development finance: Origin, evolution and prospects 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the prospects of the financial systems approach
 to development finance to ensure sustainable access to financial services
 for microentrepreneurs. It discusses three prerequisites for the success
 of this approach: the continued application of financial liberalisation
 policies; the delivery of financial services on a commercially viable
 basis by emulating the successes of informal financial intermediaries in
 solving the problems normally experienced by the formal financial sector
 when serving microentrepreneurs; and the continued appropriate support
 from governments and the donor community. It is postulated that these
 prerequisites will be fulfilled, making the author cautiously optimistic
 that the financial systems approach to development finance will succeed in
 securing sustainable access to financial services for microentrepreneurs
 in the 21st century. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 379-398 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440020 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440020 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:379-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Swaibu Mbowa 
Author-X-Name-First: Swaibu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbowa 
Author-Name: Lieb Nieuwoudt 
Author-X-Name-First: Lieb 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwoudt 
Title: Economies of size in sugar cane production in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  This article examines how efficiency of resource use on sugar cane farms
 varies with the size of a farm business, and what implications variations
 in performance may hold for the reallocation of resources between
 size-groups in the pursuit of land redistribution. A non-parametric data
 envelopment analysis (DEA) research procedure is employed to analyse
 farm-size efficiency using inputs valued at opportunity cost. Results
 indicate that sugar cane farms producing less than 500 tons of cane
 exhibit substantial economies of size, and require significantly more
 resources to produce a rand's worth of output than farms producing more
 than 2 500 tons of cane. Therefore, if commercial farms are subdivided in
 the land resettlement programme, significant loss of efficiency may occur
 if the resettled farms produce less than 500 tons. Finally, results of an
 econometric model suggest significant links between scale efficiency and
 farmers' education, managerial adeptness, training, age, and the size of
 farm holdings. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 399-412 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440021 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440021 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:399-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ephias Makaudze 
Author-X-Name-First: Ephias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makaudze 
Author-Name: David Bessler 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bessler 
Author-Name: Stephen Fuller 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller 
Title: A time-series analysis of Zimbabwe's corn sales to the Grain Marketing Board 
Abstract:
  This article considers methods of cointegration testing to construct a
 model of Zimbabwe 's corn sector. Corn production, sales of corn to the
 government, the price of corn, and price of beef are linked together in
 one long-run equilibrium (cointegrating) relation. Only the price of beef
 is not weakly exogenous to perturbations in this relation. That is to say,
 when these variables are out of long-run equilibrium, it is through
 subsequent changes in the price of beef that equilibrium is restored. The
 other variables do not respond to a long-run disequilibrium. Short-run
 forecasts from this model are compared with expert opinion forecasts made
 by the government's marketing board. Possibilities for improvement in
 long-run forecasting and planning are discussed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 413-427 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440022 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:413-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moraka Makhura 
Author-X-Name-First: Moraka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makhura 
Author-Name: Frank Goode 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goode 
Author-Name: Gerhard Coetzee 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee 
Title: A cluster analysis of commercialisation of farmers in developing rural areas of South Africa 
Abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to classify farmers in developing rural
 areas according to their commercial orientation and to evaluate their
 distinguishing characteristics. Farmers in these areas use both farm and
 non-farm activities to commercialise to some degree. The aim of the
 commercialisation strategy is to generate income for acquiring other basic
 goods and services. A cluster analysis of 392 households surveyed in 1987
 in the former KaNgwane identified seven groups of farming households: very
 low commercial households, moderately commercial households, high
 agricultural commercial households, livestock commercial households,
 non-farm income households, non-farm and agricultural commercial
 households and highly commercial households. The characteristics of four
 of these groups were investigated further. The current status of the
 commercialisation process suggests several policy directions: food
 security programmes should be aimed at those lacking resources, who may
 also be threatened by food shortages; emerging farmers with limited
 resources should be encouraged to diversify their income-generating
 activities - they should be given support (including access to land,
 markets, credit and management) to encourage them to prosper; and the
 progressive farmers require enhanced programmes to sustain their
 competitiveness. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 429-448 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440023 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440023 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:429-448




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William RS Critchley 
Author-X-Name-First: William RS 
Author-X-Name-Last: Critchley 
Author-Name: Escort Netshikovhela 
Author-X-Name-First: Escort 
Author-X-Name-Last: Netshikovhela 
Title: Land degradation in South Africa: Conventional views, changing paradigms and a tradition of soil conservation 
Abstract:
  Land degradation is currently a major concern in South Africa. However,
 awareness of the problem and attitudes towards it have changed little over
 the past century. Soil erosion and veld degradation are continually being
 depicted as acute problems, and overpopulation, overstocking and poor
 agricultural practices are viewed as the major causal factors.
 Internationally, however, a new paradigm is emerging, which takes a
 somewhat more optimistic view of the situation in Africa. One of the basic
 tenets of this changing perception is that there exists an untapped wealth
 of indigenous knowledge about the environment and associated human
 potential. Within this context, this study examines and describes the
 local tradition of stone terracing on cropland within the former Venda in
 the Northern Province of South Africa. This living tradition has deep
 historic roots and local farmers have a remarkably well-developed
 understanding of the causes and effects of erosion. While the research
 location is unique in many ways, this study indicates that farmer
 tradition and innovation in the former homelands may be more common than
 has been supposed, and should not be ignored but actively sought out and
 built upon. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 449-469 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440024 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440024 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:449-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marijke D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Marijke 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Author-Name: Johan van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: Guido van Huylenbroeck 
Author-X-Name-First: Guido 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Huylenbroeck 
Author-Name: Luc D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Title: Problem-solving strategies for small-scale emerging commercial mango farmers in Venda 
Abstract:
  This article describes the prevailing farming system of emerging
 small-scale commercial mango farmers in the Venda region of the Northern
 Province of South Africa. Analyses based on intensive group discussions
 with farmers and prioritisation of their problems using a 'problem
 tree/objective tree'framework, as well as comparisons with adjacent
 commercial mango farmers, enabled the development of operational support
 strategies. This study followed a new (for South Africa) participative
 approach. The first step of the Objective Oriented Intervention Planning
 (OOIP) approach to Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) is a problem tree; the
 next is to convert the problem tree into an objective tree in order to
 identify alternative strategies for alleviating constraints and problems.
 These are then summarised in the LFA matrix. This methodology is described
 here. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 471-489 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440025 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440025 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:471-489




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerhard Held 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Held 
Title: Pollution control in the South and North, By OJ Kuik, MV Nadkarni, FH Oosterhuis, GS Sastry & AE Akkeran 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 491-493 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440026 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440026 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:491-493




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy Shaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw 
Title: Change and South African external relations (By Walter Carlsnaes & Marie Muller)/From defence to development: Redirecting military resources in South Africa (By Jacklyn Cock & Penny Mckenzie) 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 495-498 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440027 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440027 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:3:p:495-498




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Timm 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timm 
Author-Name: Omar Jadwat 
Author-X-Name-First: Omar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jadwat 
Title: Masakhane case studies 
Abstract:
  The Masakhane Campaign in South Africa has received a fair amount of
 criticism, largely because its high media profile has not been accompanied
 by delivery and improvement of services at the local level. Contrary to
 this generally negative perception, there are a number of local
 authorities that have greatly improved the situation in their areas
 through pragmatic strategies and programmes under the banner of Masakhane.
 This article presents information on the current status of the campaign in
 a sample of local authorities, and attempts to interpret this information
 so as to ascertain those factors that influence on the success or failure
 of local authorities as service providers. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 499-517 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440028 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440028 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:499-517




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Fanie Cloete 
Author-X-Name-First: Fanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete 
Title: Assessing housing management in terms of development objectives 
Abstract:
  This article reports on a research project aimed at assessing whether a
 particular management process of housing delivery correlates with an
 improvement or reduction in the state of development of housing
 recipients. The construct 'state of development' refers to the extent to
 which recipients have the capacity and power to deal with the challenges
 of a dynamic environment and utilise its opportunities in a responsible
 and sustainable manner. 'Housing management' refers to the execution of
 management functions to process housing inputs into outputs. The authors
 explored the correlation between these two variables in a case study
 involving the Delft housing project in Cape Town. They measured indicators
 using questionnaires, an analysis of project data, and by observing and
 evaluating the environments of experimental group members. The results
 indicated that the extent of the appropriateness of housing management
 caused a corresponding change in the state of development of housing
 recipients. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 519-536 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440029 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440029 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:519-536




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monageng Mogalakwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Monageng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mogalakwe 
Author-Name: Pempelani Mufune 
Author-X-Name-First: Pempelani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mufune 
Author-Name: Patrick Molutsi 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molutsi 
Title: The impact of state legislation on the organisation of trade unions: The case of the Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU) in Botswana 
Abstract:
  Labour legislation is the unique device governments use to lay down
 standards and conventions in the workplace and to control industrial
 relations. Using focused interviews with unionists, government officials,
 employers and other relevant parties, this field study investigated the
 way in which labour legislation in Botswana affects the organisation of
 the country's federation of unions. The findings indicate that the BFTU's
 organisation is affected by the Trade Union and Employers Organisation
 Act. In particular, the restric- tions in this Act separate policy and
 administration in the BFTU and this has had negative implications for the
 union's effectiveness. The fact that its policymaking body is part-time
 negatively affects coordination, communication and cooperation processes
 in the BFTU. According to the Act, public sector workers are not
 technically employees and therefore cannot belong to unions. This gives
 the impression that the state is not particularly convinced about the
 benefits of unionisation. This may create a difficult environment in which
 the BFTU and other unions must operate. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 537-554 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440030 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:537-554




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glenn-Marie Lange 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn-Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lange 
Author-Name: Jonathan Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: Daniel Motinga 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motinga 
Title: Cattle numbers, biomass, productivity and land degradation in the commercial farming sector of Namibia, 1915-95 
Abstract:
  As part of a natural resource accounting project undertaken in Namibia,
 livestock accounts have been drawn up and are being used to analyse the
 relationship between numbers of livestock, rainfall, land degradation, and
 economic and policy variables. Part of the analysis concerns an
 investigation into trends in cattle numbers, changes in cattle biomass and
 the productivity of livestock in commercial areas. Cattle numbers
 increased from 1914 until 1960, then declined steadily to half that
 number. This decline was at least partly due to deliberate actions by
 farmers to improve herd productivity and production efficiency. Although
 beef production did not decline over this period, productivity is still
 lower than potential industry standards. Range degradation (bush
 encroachment) may have contributed to this curtailment. This investigation
 has implications for an understanding of long-term carrying capacity, land
 degradation and rangeland management, and for agricultural development
 policies in Namibia and similar regions in southern Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 555-572 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440031 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440031 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:555-572




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Robert Townsend 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Townsend 
Author-Name: Chris Gibson 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibson 
Title: Determining the contribution of agricultural production to household nutritional status in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 573-587 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440032 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440032 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:573-587




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomson Kalinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalinda 
Author-Name: James Shute 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shute 
Author-Name: Glen Filson 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Filson 
Title: Access to agricultural extension, credit and markets among small-scale farmers in southern Zambia 
Abstract:
  This article used survey data to determine the extent to which
 small-scale farm households in the Choma district of Zambia's southern
 province have access to agricultural extension services, credit and
 markets. The findings show that the majority of the sample households had
 access to extension and credit services. They also showed that the
 resource base or wealth of the households &#x2014; as manifested by farm
 size, livestock ownership and human capital or management capacity (the
 household head's training in agriculture) &#x2014; is a significant factor
 when accounting for differential access to extension and credit. On the
 other hand, study findings suggest that farm households are facing
 problems with marketing their produce under the liberalised agricultural
 marketing system. Based on these findings, the article discusses
 recommendations for providing solutions to some of the problems affecting
 small-scale farmers in accessing production services. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 589-608 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440033 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440033 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:589-608




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Moor 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moor 
Author-Name: W Lieb Nieuwoudt 
Author-X-Name-First: W Lieb 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwoudt 
Title: Tenure security and productivity in small-scale agriculture in Zimbabwe: Implications for South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article tests empirically the interaction between land tenure
 security and agricultural productivity in small-scale agriculture in
 Zimbabwe. Data for the analysis were gathered during April and August of
 1995 by means of an interview survey of farmers in the small-scale
 commercial sector, communal area and Model A resettlement area of
 Zimbabwe. Two-stage least squares regression estimates reveal that land
 tenure security has a positive and significant influence on investment
 incentives and agricultural productivity in the sample. This result has
 two important implications for proposed land reforms in South .. Africa.
 Firstly, the result lends support to the notion that indigenous tenure
 institutions in communal areas of South Africa are a constraint on
 agricultural development. Secondly, it is clear that a national land
 redistribution policy must be accompanied by innovative tenure
 institutions which facilitate economic interaction and internalise
 externalities on land resettled by individuals and groups. This is
 particularly important in South Africa where groups of up to 300 families
 are being settled on commercial farms under a group ownership model. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 609-620 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440034 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440034 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:609-620




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jenny Botha 
Author-X-Name-First: Jenny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha 
Title: Developing an understanding of problems being experienced by traditional healers living on the western border of the Kruger National Park: Foundations for an integrated conservation and development programme 
Abstract:
  The World Health Organisation estimates that 70-80 per cent of Third
 World populations utilise traditional medicines. In South Africa this
 number is increasing due to population growth, rapid urbanisation, lack of
 alternative medical facilities, widespread poverty, violence and a belief
 that certain diseases can only be cured with traditional medicine. In
 1994, traditional healers living on the western boundary of the Kruger
 National Park in South Africa requested assistance in obtaining scarce
 medicinal plant and animal species. It soon became apparent that
 developing a participative programme would require a deeper understanding
 by conservationists of the sociological, cultural and environmental
 factors affecting traditional healers. This research project was aimed at
 investigating these factors, as well as providing traditional healers with
 an opportunity for learning more about the problems conservationists are
 experiencing, thus building a foundation for a future integrated
 conservation and development programme. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 621-634 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440035 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440035 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:621-634




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Cross 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross 
Author-Name: Tobias Mngadi 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mngadi 
Author-Name: Themba Mbhele 
Author-X-Name-First: Themba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbhele 
Title: Constructing migration: Infrastructure, poverty and development in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Migration and population movement are probably the most neglected of the
 significant dynamics behind rural poverty in South Africa. Little is known
 about how people move from place to place, and much of what we thought we
 knew may be incorrect. In KwaZulu-Natal job search is no longer the single
 dominating reason given for migration. Instead, infrastructure ties with
 it for first place today, with land close behind. The first article in
 this two-part report notes that as many as two thirds of the province's
 disadvantaged families have broken away from their communities of origin
 and moved at least once during their lifetimes. Perhaps three million have
 migrated in the last fifteen years. A second unexpected finding is the
 predominance of rural-to-rural migration. Three quarters of all moves
 recorded were rural to rural, with many orientated towards advantaged
 rural areas around small towns and secondary cities. Results show how
 streams are channelled towards poverty or opportunity, and argue for a
 review of prevailing concepts of rural-urban relations which structure
 delivery efforts. The second article, to follow later, notes that recorded
 income levels are now higher in some rural destination areas than in the
 urban shack communities that accommodate rural-to-urban migrants. Results
 of various studies presented show how access to information affects
 migration patterns, and the article also explores the role of
 infrastructure as a determining force in the regional distribution of
 population and as a factor in people's own bootstrap anti-poverty efforts. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 635-659 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440036 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440036 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:635-659




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Heymans 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymans 
Author-Name: Janine Thome-Erasmus 
Author-X-Name-First: Janine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thome-Erasmus 
Title: Infrastructure: A foundation for development - key points from the DBSA Development Report 1998 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 661-668 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440037 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440037 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:661-668




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Themba Mbhele 
Author-X-Name-First: Themba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbhele 
Title: What does a rural destination area look like? Institutions and livelihoods in KwaDumisa 
Abstract:
  Migration is a common strategy used by poor people to change their
 livelihood options. This case study looks at KwaDumisa, a rural
 destination area on the Eastern Seaboard which is allowing the indigent
 opportunities for enriching their lifestyle. It highlights the fundamental
 prerequisites for development to take place and identifies possible
 pitfalls which can inhibit development. The attractors to the area are
 good leadership and a resultant sound institutional system, provision of
 infrastructure and the possibility of pursuing multiple livelihood
 strategies in an economic climate of high unemployment. Pitfalls include
 uncontrolled and unplanned in-migration which can give rise to violence
 and instability, slow delivery of infrastructure which leads to
 environmental degradation and loss of economic opportunity and, finally,
 the development of economic opportunities without thought to their forward
 and backward linkages, thus reducing the impact of these developments and
 the sustainability of the area. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 669-677 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440038 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440038 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:669-677




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debbie Budlender 
Author-X-Name-First: Debbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Budlender 
Title: Race and gender in local government employment 
Abstract:
  Since the democratic elections of 1994, there have been significant
 shifts in the race and gender composition of the national and provincial
 spheres of the public service. Less attention has been focused on what has
 happened in local government employment. This article examines the results
 of a large sample survey of local governments conducted by the Central
 Statistical Service in December 1997. The analysis suggests that there are
 severe imbalances in respect of representivity in this third sphere of
 government. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 679-687 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440039 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440039 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:679-687




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben Fine 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fine 
Author-Name: Zavareh Rustomjee 
Author-X-Name-First: Zavareh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rustomjee 
Title: Debate 1: Debating the South African minerals-energy complex: A response to Bell and Farrell 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 689-701 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440040 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440040 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:689-701




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trevor Bell 
Author-X-Name-First: Trevor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell 
Title: Debate 2: The minerals-energy complex and South African industrialisation: A rejoinder 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 703-714 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440041 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440041 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:703-714




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Title: Greening at the grassroots: Alternative forestry strategies in India, By Eva Cheung Robinson 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 715-716 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440042 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440042 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:715-716




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Gelb 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelb 
Author-Name: Claudia Manning 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 2-4 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440043 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440043 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:2-4




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Jourdan 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jourdan 
Title: Spatial development initiatives (SDIs) - the official view 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a South African government perspective on the SDI
 process. It outlines the objectives of the SDI programme as removing
 bottlenecks to investment, and identifying strategic investment
 opportunities within the areas defined as SDIs. It spells out the
 institutional arrangements within the SDI programme. Each of the eleven
 SDIs in South Africa is described and assessed briefly. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 717-725 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440046 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440046 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:717-725




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Lewis 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis 
Author-Name: Robin Bloch 
Author-X-Name-First: Robin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bloch 
Title: SDIs: Infrastructure, agglomeration and the region in industrial policy 
Abstract:
  This article reports on the initial findings of an Industrial Strategy
 Project Research Programme on a key current element of national industrial
 policy, namely Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs). The ISP Research
 Programme is concerned with industrial investment. The operational
 industrial SDIs are examined against the backdrops of the pattern of
 contemporary industrial location in South Africa and the emergence of a
 regional industrial policy for the country; the long-run experience with
 SDI-type programmes internationally and in South Africa; and directions in
 current regional industrial development theory and practice, particularly
 those interventions aimed at strengthening the economies associated with
 regional/sectoral clusters or agglomerations typically embedded in
 metropolitan locations. The preliminary findings of research commissioned
 on long-run industrial development in Richards Bay, and the current SDI
 processes under way in the Fish River SDI (Eastern Cape) and the West
 Coast SDI (Western Cape) are then presented These findings demonstrate
 that for the SDIs to meet their intentions in terms of maximising inward
 investment, creating jobs and catalysing durable regional economic
 development, the large opportunity present to use SDI processes to build
 the capacity and social infrastructure for economic development at local
 and regional level on &#x2014; and between &#x2014; both public and
 private sector sides should be grasped. To this end, it is also suggested
 that SDIs be closely linked to other government industrial promotion and
 support activities, notably the cluster initiatives and SMME support
 programmes, both of which may themselves need, at this point, far clearer
 regional focus. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 727-755 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440047 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440047 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:727-755




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Mitchell 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell 
Title: The Maputo Development Corridor: A case study of the SDI process in Mpumalanga 
Abstract:
  The Maputo Development Corridor (MDC) was officially launched in May 1996
 in Maputo by the presidents of South Africa and Mozambique. Within two
 years it has become known as the 'most advanced international development
 corridor in Africa' (Department of Transport, 1997). As the flagship of
 the Spacial Development Initiative (SDI) process, the methodology utilised
 in the MDC is now being applied to the other eight SDIs in South Africa
 and increasingly is being considered by other African countries. The
 objective of this article is to examine the lessons learned in
 implementing the MDC in the Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Having
 provided a brief orientation and having outlined the short history of the
 MDC and its institutional context, the article will focus on the progress
 made by the project in attaining the key objectives set at its launch. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 757-769 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440048 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440048 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:757-769




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amanda Fitschen 
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fitschen 
Title: The impact of the Saldanha Steel Project on the West Coast economy 
Abstract:
  This article reports the results of a study which evaluated whether the
 erection of the steel plant at Saldanha/Vredenburg supports the main
 objectives of the SDI programme and has resulted in sustainable growth for
 the region. It investigates the reasons for locating the steel plant here
 and factors which may affect the long-term economic success of the plant.
 It also records the experiences of business people in the region on the
 impact of the investment on the area's economy to date and their
 perceptions of its likely impact in the future. From a national
 perspective, it asks whether the growth in foreign exchange earnings and
 the extension of a waning industry's lifespan is enough to justify public
 sector investment in the infrastructure at Saldanha Bay. On a local level,
 it probes and reports on the extent to which the erection of the steel
 mill spurred further growth via an enlarged set of activities, higher
 average productivity, higher savings, and improved actual and expected
 prospects for earning income. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 771-785 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440049 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440049 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:771-785




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amanda Driver 
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Driver 
Title: The Fish River SDI: New hope for industrial regeneration in the Eastern Cape? 
Abstract:
  This article reports on a case study of the Fish River Spatial
 Development Initiative which is spatially focused on the cities of Port
 Elizabeth and East London in the Eastern Cape Province. Major elements of
 the SDI, including the two industrial development zones which form part of
 it, are discussed The SDI is characterised as a nationally driven
 initiative which aims to create 'sustainable 'jobs by increasing the
 profile of Port Elizabeth and East London as international investment
 destinations, and thereby attracting large, new export-oriented investment
 projects to the region. It is argued that even if the Fish River SDI
 succeeds in attracting such investment, it is only likely to lead to a
 once-off increase in investment and employment rather than sustained
 industrial regeneration in the region. To ensure such industrial
 regeneration requires a regional industrial strategy which builds the
 capacity for learning and innovation in the region. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 787-808 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440050 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440050 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:787-808




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eddie Koch 
Author-X-Name-First: Eddie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch 
Author-Name: Geoff de Beer 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer 
Author-Name: Sean Elliffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elliffe 
Title: SDIs, tourism-led growth and the empowerment of local communities in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Economic justice is the key aim of the tourism and/or agricultural
 development initiatives - including the Wild Coast, Lubombo, Maputo,
 Coast2Coast and Okavango Upper Zambezi International Tourism SDIs. This
 article looks in more detail at the models and principles being adopted to
 achieve this in the tourism sectors of the SDIs, with particular reference
 to the Lubombo and Wild Coast initiatives. The article thus moves away
 from the general lessons learnt from international experiences to
 comprehensive guidelines for implementation and, towards the end, presents
 detailed checklists that can be used by practitioners of what the SDI
 technical team calls 'empotourism'. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 809-826 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440051 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440051 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:809-826




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jayanthi Aniruth 
Author-X-Name-First: Jayanthi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aniruth 
Author-Name: Justin Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Title: Why Richards Bay grew as an industrial centre: Lessons for SDIs 
Abstract:
  This article critically examines the rapid industrialisation and
 phenomenal growth of Richards Bay since the early 1960s. Detailed
 consideration is given to the nature of the development and the various
 factors that contributed to the unusual economic success of the locality.
 The article highlights the important role played by government but
 suggests that other factors were more important for the development of
 Richards Bay. Some of these factors include the natural advantages and
 competent functioning of the various institutions operating in the region.
 Despite the success of Richards Bay, the article highlights various gaps
 in its development, and draws together a number of suggestions for more
 economically sustainable growth in other localities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 829-849 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440052 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440052 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:829-849




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Hodge 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodge 
Title: The Midrand area: An emerging high-technology cluster? 
Abstract:
  This article takes a close look at art emerging high-technology cluster
 in a developing country - Midrand in South Africa - to develop a deeper
 understanding of its nature, why it emerged and the problems it faces.
 Midrand lies within the Gauteng province, which has a disproportionately
 large share of South Africa's private and public demand, as well as factor
 inputs for high-technology sectors. The cluster is growing rapidly and
 includes a large contingent of high-tech multinationals and blue-chip
 local firms. The cluster is not, however, based on research and
 development but rather on head office, warehousing and distribution
 functions, and manufacturing. Its success is built on a central location,
 high visibility, a positive high-tech image, good quality of life, a
 visionary town council, good investment returns, low operating costs and a
 lack of local competition. Its weaknesses are that it has not been built
 on a solid foundation of high-tech infrastructure and lacks high-tech
 dynamism, rendering its locational advantage somewhat fragile. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 851-873 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440053 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440053 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:851-873




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: High-technology clusters and infrastructure development: international and South African experiences 
Abstract:
  The factors that have encouraged the emergence and clustering of
 high-technology activities are investigated in the international and South
 African experience. This article focuses specifically on the significance
 of improved transport and telecommunication facilities for the development
 of high-technology manufacturing. In line with international patterns,
 high-technology manufacturing in South Africa is strongly agglomerated in
 the Pretoria-Witwatersrand region. Central to the historical establishment
 of this cluster were the infrastructural advantages of Gauteng.
 Strengthening of the Gauteng cluster is linked to agglomeration economies
 deriving from the spatial concentration of both high-technology production
 and non-producer enterprises. Two distinct subclusters are identified: in
 Midrand and in the East Rand 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 875-905 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440054 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440054 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:875-905




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eddie Koch 
Author-X-Name-First: Eddie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch 
Author-Name: Geoff de Beer 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer 
Author-Name: Sean Elliffe 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elliffe 
Title: International perspectives on tourism-led development: some lessons for the SDIs 
Abstract:
  The concept of tourism-led socio-economic development is neither new nor
 peculiar to South Africa. This study draws on the international experience
 of the Malindi-Mombasa coastal development corridor in Kenya, the Goa
 Coast of India, the Kulu Valley and Bhutan in the Himalayas, the Gambia,
 Dominica, Belize and the Maldives. It assesses the results achieved in
 these tourism programmes against the strategic objectives of those South
 African SDIs that place a heavy emphasis on the country's tourism
 potential. The SDIs, as described elsewhere in this collection, represent
 a new paradigm adopted by the South African government, aimed at moving
 away from a protected and isolated approach to economic development,
 towards one in which international competitiveness, regional cooperation
 and a more diversified ownership base are paramount. The key objectives of
 the tourism-led development corridors, including the Wild Coast and
 Lubombo SDIs, are to generate sustainable economic growth and development;
 generate sustainable long-term employment creation; maximise the extent to
 which private sector investment and lending can be mobilised into the
 process; change the ownership base of the industry so that people
 previously excluded from the mainstream of the economy by discriminatory
 practices can play a meaningful role as workers, managers and owners of
 new tourism enterprises; and to exploit the opportunities that arise from
 new tourism and ecotourism developments for the creation of upstream and
 downstream business opportunities, especially small businesses owned by
 previously marginalised groups. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 907-915 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440055 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440055 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:907-915




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Investment-led entrepreneurship development 
Abstract:
  Spatial development initiatives are characterised by intensive
 intervention in an identified area in order to fast-track investment. The
 key objectives of SDIs are the generation of growth and development
 through private sector investment, the stimulation of small, medium and
 microenterprises (SMMEs) and the empowerment of local communities. This
 report is part of a series of guiding papers which contribute towards
 understanding and achieving the principles of the Spatial Development
 Initiatives (SDIs) programme as operating in South and southern Africa (De
 Beer & Arkwright, 1997; De Beer & Elliffe, 1997; De Beer & Wheeler, 1997;
 De Beer et al, 1997; Elliffe et al, 1997). The article builds on the
 foundations provided by these earlier studies and specifically focuses on
 the stimulation of SMMEs and the associated empowerment of local
 communities as principles that underlie all SDI interventions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 917-942 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 15 
Year: 1998 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359808440056 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359808440056 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:15:y:1998:i:5:p:917-942




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Heymans 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymans 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440058 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440058 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan Klasen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klasen 
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Title: Levels, trends and consistency of employment and unemployment figures in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article appraises the similarities and dissimilarities between the
 major sources of information on the South African labour force, ie the CSS
 Employment Series, the Standardised Employment Series and recent household
 surveys. It concludes that the generally bleak picture of very high
 unemployment rates presented in the household surveys is broadly accurate.
 Further, race, gender and location are major determinants of labour-force
 participation and employment. Finally, the article highlights the lack of
 work experience among the unemployed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440059 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440059 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:3-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Title: A comparison of poverty in South Africa's nine provinces 
Abstract:
  Poverty in South Africa varies greatly across the nine provinces. An
 accurate estimation of relative poverty shares is important because they
 serve as key indices for targeting social expenditure. In this article we
 test the robustness of provincial poverty rankings against changes in
 measurement methodology. In recent years, a large body of international
 literature has developed concerning the choice of an appropriate poverty
 line and the construction of more appropriate poverty measures. This
 article uses two of these recent developments - the concept of a poverty
 critical range in place of a single poverty line and
 distribution-sensitive decomposable poverty measures &#x2014; to
 re-examine provincial poverty. Results are checked across two recent
 national data sets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 37-54 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440060 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440060 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:37-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frances Lund 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lund 
Title: Understanding South African social security through recent household surveys: New opportunities and continuing gaps 
Abstract:
  The aim of this article is to identify some of the difficult areas in
 researching the South African social security system, and to offer
 suggestions as to the kind of further research that is needed to improve
 our understanding over time. The article starts with a brief 'tour'
 through some of the articles dealing with the subject that have already
 appeared in Development South Africa, with a view to showing their
 relationship to each other and to the main data sets which have been used.
 This is followed by sections on the size of pension income relative to
 other sources of income; the use of the term 'transfer income'; the
 relationship between policy design and socio-economic behaviour; and some
 difficulties when comparing different government expenditures on welfare.
 It is hoped that this will contribute to a more careful analysis and
 interpretation of existing research, as well as the more precise
 formulation of social security research in future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 55-67 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440061 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440061 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:55-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willie Breytenbach 
Author-X-Name-First: Willie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Breytenbach 
Title: Indian Ocean Rim: Assessing the prospects for cooperation and integration 
Abstract:
  This article assesses recent events leading to the establishment in 1997
 of a regional organisation for the Indian Ocean Rim, subtitled an
 Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC). This is a case of 'open'
 regionalism of the functionalist kind. New members may be admitted in 1999
 and, as trade integration has not been ruled out, the openness of the
 design may lead to the changeover from regional cooperation to regional
 integration after 2004. By 2003 the members of the Association for
 South-East Asian Nations (Asean) of the IOR-ARC will have free-trade
 arrangements in that region and by 2004 the SADC members of the IOR-ARC
 will be similarly structured, making a free-trade scenario within the IOR
 almost irresistible. This will create new problems, making it very
 difficult for the less competitive nations to endorse their continued
 membership of this bloc unless project cooperation now under way makes
 complementarity more meaningful, equipping states and market sectors to
 cope better with the more competitive nature of free trade that always
 applies in market integration. This will pose great challenges for South
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 69-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440062 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440062 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:69-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Merle Holden 
Author-X-Name-First: Merle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holden 
Author-Name: Alan Isemonger 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Isemonger 
Title: A review of trade trends: South Africa and the Indian Ocean Rim 
Abstract:
  Since 1990, intense diplomatic efforts have taken place to secure and
 negotiate trade treaties with South Africa's traditional trading partners
 (the European Union, in particular) and those countries in close
 geographic proximity. This article examines South Africa's trade links
 with some of its 'non-traditional' trading partners, in particular the
 countries of the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR), in an attempt to ascertain the
 nature of the trade and its importance vis-a-vis the rest of the world. An
 examination of trade data for the years 1992-5 indicates that trade with
 the IOR consists mainly of the mutual exchange of natural resource
 products and that this trade is growing much faster than South Africa 's
 trade in general. Given this trade dynamism, South Africa should pay
 increasing attention to international relations with these countries.
 South African trade with the Rim was also found to differ from trade with
 the rest of the world in that it comprises the mutual exchange of natural
 resource-based products. This research shows that our imports and exports
 are positively related to the gross domestic product of our trading
 partners, and negatively related to their population size and distance
 from South Africa. Also, more open economies have absorbed more exports
 from South Africa. There is some ambiguity as to the role that distance
 plays in determining the level of imports into this country. The intensity
 indices computed in this article have to be viewed in the light of this
 research. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 89-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440063 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440063 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:89-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Rwigema 
Author-X-Name-First: Henry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rwigema 
Author-Name: Peter Karungu 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karungu 
Title: SMME development in Johannesburg's Southern Metropolitan Local Council: An assessment 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the development, management and needs of small,
 micro- and medium enterprises (SMMEs) in Johannesburg's Southern
 Metropolitan Local Council (SMLC), with particular focus on business
 development by previously disadvantaged South Africans. The article
 comprises an introductory section on the small-business sector in South
 Africa and internationally, as well as the results of a field survey of a
 sample of 841 SMMEs in the SMLC. Many of the respondents were located in
 areas like Soweto, Orange Farm, Eldorado Park and Lenasia. Given the
 areas' poverty and a history of neglect, the bulk of respondents were
 small, micro- or survivalist enterprises. In part, the survey confirmed
 some generally held notions about small businesses. Among these were
 funding difficulties, a strong desire for business-related training and
 serious informational problems. The study revealed a shortage of
 management skills and poor record-keeping. At the same time, some evidence
 emerged of business potential, including high survival rates and a
 determination to succeed. Key recommendations include training programmes
 in such areas as record-keeping, marketing, customer relations, inventory
 control and tendering procedures. Mechanisms are also suggested for
 facilitating access to finance. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 107-124 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440064 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440064 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:107-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oludele Akinboade 
Author-X-Name-First: Oludele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinboade 
Title: A supply-response analysis of Botswana's livestock and sorghum: An error-correction approach 
Abstract:
  This article is a supply-response analysis of Botswana's livestock and
 sorghum relative to agricultural/non-agricultural prices (terms of trade),
 and of capital-labour ratio, using an error-correction method. Aggregate
 capital-labour ratio is included to measure the importance of resource
 endowment in particular sectors. There has been, on average, a small
 progressive increase in livestock terms of trade and a decline in that of
 sorghum. Improvements in livestock price terms of trade encourage
 increased livestock (cattle) supply whereas declining terms of trade
 reduce sorghum production. The current arable pricing policy of the
 government is therefore of limited potential in transforming the
 sub-sector. Increases in capital-labour ratio tend to reduce agricultural
 production in the Botswana economy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 125-140 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440065 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440065 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:125-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louise Fenwick 
Author-X-Name-First: Louise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fenwick 
Author-Name: Mike Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Mike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: The relative importance of liquidity and other constraints inhibiting the growth of small-scale farming in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  A logit model is used to examine the extent of liquidity constraints
 relative to other constraints inhibiting small-scale farming in
 KwaZulu-Natal. These other constraints include poor access to land, labour
 and information, and high transaction costs. Data for the analysis were
 sourced from two rural districts in the former KwaZulu. The results
 suggest that liquidity is important, while imperfect land markets,
 information costs and high transaction costs are also significant
 inhibiting factors. Investments in literacy and language skills,
 vocational training, and business and financial management skills may
 improve income opportunities for rural people and hence enhance their
 ability to invest, save and borrow. Better roads, telecommunications and
 legal institutions are also required to realise the full benefit of
 investment in extension and credit services. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 141-155 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440066 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440066 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:141-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Title: Distinguishing between individual-and household-level poverty 
Abstract:
  Drawing on survey data from 1995, this article shows that the level of
 aggregation is an important component in the analysis of poverty.
 Utilising the Headcount Index and cumulative distribution functions, the
 article examines earnings among individuals and households. Specifically,
 it is shown that poverty measures at the individual level, compared with
 estimates at the household level, will transmit differential rankings of
 indigence. Both are important predictors of poverty and hence should be
 coupled when trying to understand low earnings in a society. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 157-162 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440067 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440067 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:157-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carol Leutner 
Author-X-Name-First: Carol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leutner 
Title: The economic development approach to legal reform for rural women: A methodological alternative 
Abstract:
  Legislative efforts to promote rural women's economic productivity have
 focused on strategies for improving access to and control over
 agricultural resources. Women make up 50 per cent of the world's farmers,
 but in many developing countries they are unable to hold or manage
 productive resources in their own name. Most legal proposals recommend
 family law reform as the entry point for change. This article argues for a
 broader approach. All the laws that affect rural economic development
 should be evaluated and linked in ways that promote rural women's
 integration into the economic mainstream. In agriculture the-most
 important legislation is natural resource management, local government
 development and agricultural development and agricultural investment laws,
 including research, intellectual property protection, cooperatives,
 banking and marketing. Each law should be assessed from the perspective of
 four generic development attributes: how it contributes to women's
 representation in policymaking; what economic benefits it provides;
 whether it facilitates the evolution of organisational structures to help
 women attract capital; and whether there are clear systems for enforcing
 rights and therefore minimising risk. Next, the process is reversed to
 determine how the laws collectively support each of the four areas. This
 methodology allows the researcher to tease out and rearrange essential
 elements of a comprehensive enabling environment that provide a sufficient
 level of institutional support in all four areas across the entire
 spectrum of agricultural development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 163-168 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440068 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440068 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:163-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anton Simanowitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Anton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simanowitz 
Title: Effective strategies for reaching the poor 
Abstract:
  This article provides some practical insights into the way in which a
 microfinance institution (MFI) can structure its support so as to maximise
 its chances of helping the poorest raise their living standards. The
 debates concerning the ability of microfinance to empower women and
 alleviate poverty, particularly for the poorest, are acknowledged but not
 discussed in detail. Drawing on the experience of the Tshomisano Credit
 Project (TCP) of the Small Enterprise Foundation (SEF), the article
 challenges the assumption that success can be judged by clients' repeated
 loan-taking and institutional performance, and stresses the need to
 understand the impact of credit and savings on people's livelihoods. The
 article details three areas which the SEF views as critical for
 successfully alleviating poverty through microfinance: identifying the
 poorest and designing a project which actively encourages their
 participation; drawing on SEF members' resources and defining the SEF's
 role as support through facilitation; and incorporating a learning system
 which constantly questions the impact of the programme and actively
 differentiates between impacts on people in different contexts. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 169-181 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440069 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440069 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:169-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Harris 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris 
Title: The challenge of local government delivery 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the challenge facing transformed local government
 in actually delivering the developmental role and services set out in the
 Constitution. The White Paper on Local Government sets out an extremely
 ambitious agenda, identifying municipalities as a main vehicle for
 improving living conditions for the majority of the population. Successful
 delivery is critical. The current UK Local Government reform programme is
 based on the concept of 'best value', ie the continuous search to improve
 the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of public services through
 year-on-year improvement. The article suggests a simple and
 straightforward implementation model based on three integrated elements:
 an annual member cycle for the systematic consideration and review of the
 application of resources to identified priority community needs; adopting
 a limited number of critical success factors and incorporating these into
 officer performance appraisal. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 183-193 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440070 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440070 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:183-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Machethe 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe 
Title: Gandhi's vision and values: The moral quest for change in Indian agriculture (by V Pinto ) 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 195-196 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440071 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440071 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:1:p:195-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debbie Budlender 
Author-X-Name-First: Debbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Budlender 
Title: Patterns of poverty in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article brings together results from two large household surveys -
 the October Household Survey and the Income and Expenditure Survey of
 1995. The analysis adopts a simple definition of income poverty which
 allows comparisons between households in ten deciles defined on the basis
 of per capita household income. The analysis compares access to resources
 such as housing and land, and access to basic services across these
 households. It then examines the economic status of women and men living
 in households with different incomes. The article shows consistent
 correlation of per capita income with other examined variables. It
 illustrates further how women within each decile are
 disad-vantagedcomparedwith men in terms of economic status and earning. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 197-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440073 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440073 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:197-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: J Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Su Erskine 
Author-X-Name-First: Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erskine 
Title: Solar (photovoltaic) systems, energy use and business activities in Maphephethe, KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Literature suggests that energy is both a prerequisite for and essential
 to development (both social and economic). In order to establish the
 ability of an alternative energy source &#x2014;photovoltaic systems - to
 meet daily requirements, an investigation into current energy usage,
 expenditure patterns and business applications was conducted. Maphephethe,
 an area north of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, was selected for a formal
 survey, with locally based, trained interviewers interviewing 200
 households and businesses. The findings indicated that income levels were
 slightly above national (rural) norms but displayed a wide variability.
 Eleven energy sources were used, including candles for illumination, car
 batteries for television sets, dry batteries for radios and wood for
 cooking. Paraffin and gas were used for refrigeration. The general
 attitude towards solar home systems was favourable but the interviewees
 perceived grid electricity as being better. There did not appear to be any
 difference between those households that had solar home systems and those
 that did not. Expenditure saved on traditional energy sources matched that
 spent on solar syst-ems. Business energy-related potential was present but
 not developed 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 221-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440074 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440074 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:221-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert van Zyl 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Zyl 
Author-Name: Laura Walker 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker 
Title: Juggling central control and provincial fiscal autonomy in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In this article it is argued that sound fiscal relations between national
 and subnational governments are based on a balance between central control
 and local fiscal autonomy. After sketching the theoretical aspects of the
 problem, we discuss some of the fiscal problems experienced by South
 Africa's provinces since 1994. We then argue that these problems are
 caused by insufficient provincial fiscal autonomy. Some suggestions are
 made as to how provincial fiscal autonomy may be reinforced without
 compromising central government control to an unacceptable degree. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 239-258 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440075 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440075 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Kaunda 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaunda 
Title: The Botswana Development Corporation: Divestiture policy and citizen participation in the private sector 
Abstract:
  The Botswana Development Corporation, Botswana's most important agency
 for industrial and commercial development, assists in the development of
 viable businesses, with the emphasis on profit-making and earning
 acceptable returns on investment. Its policy is to divest from mature and
 successful ventures, -with the aim of raising capital for future
 investment, encouraging diversification and competition, and promoting
 citizen participation in private business ventures. The article considers
 the implementation of the policy with regard to two brewery companies. Its
 assessment is that the brewery divestments have had a positive but limited
 effect on economic participation by citizens and it concludes by
 suggesting policy and strategy reforms that would ensure sustainable
 private sector development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 259-275 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440076 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440076 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:259-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Etienne Nel 
Author-X-Name-First: Etienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel 
Author-Name: Graham Humphrys 
Author-X-Name-First: Graham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humphrys 
Title: Local economic development: Policy and practice in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The policy of local economic development (LED) is currently attracting
 considerable attention in government and development circles in South
 Africa. This article seeks to critically examine and assess the key
 contextual considerations which influence LED, its emergence and its
 chances of success. In this regard, the notions of post-Fordism and the
 important role of government are examined. It then outlines and assesses
 evolving LED policy and practice in the country in the light of current
 experiences in various centres. The article concludes with an examination
 of various practical considerations which appear to be affecting the
 further application of the concept in the country. These issues are deemed
 to be of relevance to policymakers if LED is to be successfully
 implemented. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 277-289 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440077 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440077 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:277-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hennie Conradie 
Author-X-Name-First: Hennie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conradie 
Title: Non-governmental organisations and financial sustainability 
Abstract:
  Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have an important role to play in
 addressing the serious developmental challenges South Africa is facing
 today. Financial sustainability is critical for NGOs to be able to sustain
 their organisations and programmes. In this article key concepts and
 definitions related to the theme are referred to first. The second part
 emphasises the importance and role of sound management in building and
 operating financially- sustainable organisations (and programmes). The
 article also focuses on funding: minimum requirements and criteria for
 funding; sources of funding/income for NGOs; and funding proposals and
 obtaining funds. Reference is made to the importance of organisations'
 long-term sustainability plans, which should not only include relations
 with funders but also comprehensive strategies for earning ongoing income.
 In conclusion, the article calls for the establishment of a common
 understanding of 'financial sustainability of NGOs' by all concerned
 parties in order to maximise the impact of development on communities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 291-297 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440078 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440078 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:291-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben Cousins 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cousins 
Title: Invisible capital: The contribution of communal rangelands to rural livelihoods in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Communal rangelands (including their woodland component) contribute
 significantly to rural livelihoods in that a variety of natural resources
 are utilised for direct use and for exchange in local and more distant
 markets. Natural resources are also valued for purposes which are not
 'economic' (eg for ceremonial and aesthetic reasons) and because of their
 ecological functions. The fact that many of these uses are not monetised
 means that their true social and economic value is often underestimated
 and not taken adequately into account when assessing, for example, the
 viability of land redistribution projects. The ecological dimension is as
 crucial as the socio-economic: how sustainable is this multifold use of
 communal rangeland resources? More positively, can the productivity of
 'natural capital' be increased, and how can the benefits of multifold
 utilisation activities be more widely distributed to help address rural
 poverty? This article discusses conceptual models drawn from the general
 literature which may be of relevance; reviews some of the southern African
 evidence on rural livelihoods and natural resource use; and attempts to
 draw out the lessons for poverty assessments and land reform policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 299-318 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440079 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440079 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:299-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David O'Neill 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Neill 
Author-Name: John Sneyd 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sneyd 
Author-Name: Nkosi Mzileni 
Author-X-Name-First: Nkosi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mzileni 
Author-Name: Lulamile Mapeyi 
Author-X-Name-First: Lulamile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapeyi 
Author-Name: Moses Njekwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Moses 
Author-X-Name-Last: Njekwa 
Author-Name: Stanley Israel 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Israel 
Title: The use and management of draught animals by smallholder farmers in the former Ciskei and Transkei 
Abstract:
  A survey was undertaken on the use and management of draught animals in
 the Eastern Cape province. Information was elicited by means of
 semi-structured interviews with 94 rural households, most of which owned
 livestock and were engaged in farming activities. Most farmers relied on
 draught animal power, which was provided by their cattle, and preferred it
 to tractor power for most of their agricultural tasks. Span sizes of four
 or six animals were used for ploughing and harrowing (the preference being
 six), but for the lighter tasks such as cultivation, seeding and carting,
 only one pair of animals was usually used. Farmers readily used cows to
 make up their spans when they were short of oxen. Many of the farmers used
 tractors occasionally when they needed to open up new land. Most animals
 grazed on communal land (natural pasture), receiving supplements, usually
 stover or lucerne, only when farmers considered their body condition to be
 poor. Priority was given to milk animals over working animals for
 supplementary feeding. The farmers' main concerns regarding draught
 animals were the risks of drought, theft and disease, but they believed
 the use of these animals to be profitable because of the low outlay. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 319-333 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440080 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440080 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:319-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Allan Low 
Author-X-Name-First: Allan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Low 
Author-Name: Penny Akwenye 
Author-X-Name-First: Penny 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akwenye 
Author-Name: Kaatry Kamwi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kaatry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamwi 
Title: Small-family farm types: Examples from Northern Namibia and implications for agrarian reform in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Small-farmer types in southern Africa differ significantly in terms of
 factor-input patterns and support structures. On peasant family farms
 (PFF) cash input costs are very low, non-household labour is sourced
 largely from communal work groups through kinship ties, and support
 services needed to sustain production are minimal. By contrast, on
 commercial family farms (CFF) cash input costs are high, little non-family
 labour is used and strong support services are necessary. The first
 objective of this article is to point out and emphasise the different
 situations which exist in these two small-family farm types, based on data
 from farm studies in Northern Namibia. The second objective is to extract
 the implications of these differences in relation to development paths
 under land reform. This is based on experiences of the outcome of land
 reform in Latin America. It is concluded that the agrarian situation in
 post-land reform South Africa will comprise a mix of large-scale
 commercial farms and small-scale farms of both the PFF and CFF types. It
 will be necessary to recognise the existence of each of these types and
 their interrelationships, to monitor their development, to understand
 their different production situations and to cater for their different
 needs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 335-344 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440081 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440081 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:335-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: The significance of geographical information systems for development planning 
Abstract:
  Based on the experiences in the City of Cape Town, this article argues
 that technological progress should be utilised to undergird urban and
 regional planning in South and southern Africa for at least three reasons.
 First, as far as planning for the future is concerned, information
 technology can help us come to grips with the multiple challenges facing
 the new South Africa. Second, information technology would provide
 structural leverage in the formulation, adoption and implementation of
 community-driven development pro grammes. Third, it would enable local
 authorities to cooperate across jurisdictional boundaries to promote
 substantive information sharing and proactive planning strategies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 345-356 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440082 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440082 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:345-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pempelani Mufune 
Author-X-Name-First: Pempelani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mufune 
Title: Youth and development in Southern Africa: Achievements and challenges for the social sciences 
Abstract:
  This article highlights the role played by social scientists and social
 science research in the field of youth and development in southern Africa.
 It examines in particular the research being done into teenage pregnancy
 and motherhood, and HIV/AIDS. The author concludes by emphasising the
 necessity for social scientists and people in authority to work together
 to identify relevant areas of concern on which to concentrate research in
 future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 357-369 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440083 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440083 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meshack Khosa 
Author-X-Name-First: Meshack 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khosa 
Title: Government and politics in the new South Africa: An introductory reader to its institutions, processes and policies (edited by A Venter) 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 371-373 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440084 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440084 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:2:p:371-373




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Snowy Khoza Molosankwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Snowy Khoza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Molosankwe 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440086 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440086 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Ainslie 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ainslie 
Title: When 'community' is not enough: Managing common property natural resources in rural South Africa 
Abstract:
  Common property natural resource management (NRM) informer 'bantustan'
 rural areas can provide important pointers for current and future land
 reform and local government policy. Using Tyefu Location in the Eastern
 Cape as a case study, this article outlines three of the constraints that
 currently fashionable 'community-based' NRM models are likely to face in
 coordinating the use of common property resources in these areas. These
 three constraints are first, the entrenched socio-economic differentiation
 that results in local people having varied, but generally weak incentives
 for contributing to collective action resource management. Second, are the
 high levels of institutional contestation that exist in these areas and
 third, the fact that the 'fuzziness' of existing NRM regimes allows for
 maximum flexibility in resource use, with the result that most rural (and
 urban-based) people are unlikely to support the introduction of more
 formalised NRM regimes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 375-401 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440087 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440087 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:375-401




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Scogings 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scogings 
Author-Name: Theunis de Bruyn 
Author-X-Name-First: Theunis 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Bruyn 
Author-Name: Susanne Vetter 
Author-X-Name-First: Susanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vetter 
Title: Grazing into the future: Policy making for South African communal rangelands 
Abstract:
  This article reports on a symposium held at Fort Hare University in July
 1998. Its objective was to assess the current state of knowledge on
 communal rangelands and identify issues important for policy making. This
 was done in the light of concerns about recent policy reform. Uncontrolled
 access to resources and the lack of services were identified as the main
 constraints on socio-economic development in the communal rangelands, and
 inadequate forage during the dry season was recognised as a general
 constraint on livestock production, irrespective of mean annual rainfall.
 Government policies must recognise these issues and the social and
 ecological heterogeneity of communal rangelands in South Africa. The
 conclusion with the most far-reaching implications, however, was that
 degradation has occurred in some, but not all, communal rangelands and is
 most likely to occur in arid areas. This finding is in direct contrast to
 the current base for agricultural policies in South Africa, which assumes
 that livestock have little impact on rangelands. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 403-414 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440088 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440088 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:403-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thembela Kepe 
Author-X-Name-First: Thembela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe 
Title: The problem of defining 'community': Challenges for the land reform programme in rural South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article argues that the use of the term 'community' in South
 Africa's land reform programme has both positive and negative effects on
 the beneficiaries. Effects are positive when they help focus policy on the
 needs of poor people, but negative when they force conflicting groups
 together in a manner which results in the rights of a weaker group being
 trampled on by the actions of a more powerful group. The article briefly
 reviews different ways of looking at the concept 'community', and then
 analyses in detail a case from the Wild Coast, where a Spatial Development
 Initiative (SDI) has raised questions about who should benefit from land
 reform and economic development. It is concluded that a detailed
 understanding of local reality, even if it takes time to develop, should
 be seen as essential to both land restitution and the rights enquiry
 processes which government policy proposes to employ for resolving
 conflicting and overlapping claims to tenure rights 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 415-433 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440089 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440089 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:415-433




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Graham 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: Land redistribution in KwaZulu-Natal: An analysis of farmland transactions in 1997 
Abstract:
  This article presents the results of a census survey of all farmland
 transactions in the province of KwaZulu-Natal during the calendar year
 1997. Data recorded by the Deeds Registry were stratified and analysed by
 race, gender and mode of land acquisition. It was estimated that 372 995
 hectares, or 7 per cent, of the area available for redistribution have
 been transferred to new owners. Of this, just 0,43 per cent of the
 available area was redistributed to disadvantaged people. Although low,
 the rate of redistribution appears to have increased dramatically since
 1995. The quality of land varied markedly across different modes of land
 redistribution. Land purchased with government grants was of a much lower
 agricultural quality than land purchased privately. Relative to
 government-assisted transactions, private market transactions accounted
 for a slightly smaller share of the area transferred to disadvantaged
 people but for a much larger share of the value of land redistributed.
 Inheritance and land donations accounted for the remaining redistributed
 land. Women were well represented in land transactions involving
 inheritance but were underrepresented in transactions financed with
 mortgage loans. In general, they acquired farms of much smaller size and
 land of lower quality than men. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 435-445 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440090 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440090 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:435-445




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann Hamman 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamman 
Author-Name: Joachim Ewert 
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ewert 
Title: A historical irony in the making? State, private sector and land reform in the South African wine industry 
Abstract:
  This article traces the development of the land distribution policy of
 the Department of Land Affairs (DLA) of South Africa. Despite the DLA 's
 political commitment to land reform by way of restitution, redistribution
 and tenure reform, to date no small-scale wine farmers have been settled
 in South Africa by virtue of this policy. Three case studies describe how
 agricultural labourers have successfully gained access to this lucrative
 sector through private sector intervention. It is also argued that the
 small farm versus large farm debate masks the real opportunities for land
 reform in the wine industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 447-454 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440091 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440091 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:447-454




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilhelm Nell 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nell 
Author-Name: Machiel Viljoen 
Author-X-Name-First: Machiel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viljoen 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: Towards developing financial management strategies for land reform beneficiaries in the Bloem-fontein/Thaba Nchu area of the Free State province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article is based on research that was carried out to design
 financial management strategies for emerging farmers, and examines the
 financing problems anticipated for the beneficiaries of land reform in the
 Free State province. Discussions focus on criteria for detecting impending
 financial problems, in particular liquidity problems, and are based on the
 analysis of data gathered from emerging farmers by means of interviews and
 a questionnaire. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 455-466 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440092 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440092 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:455-466




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anand Singh 
Author-X-Name-First: Anand 
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh 
Title: Women and empowerment through the 'economy of affection' in KwaZulu-Natal: Its significance for sustainable development 
Abstract:
  This article is an attempt to demonstrate how, in the absence of
 infrastructural requirements for development in the rural areas, the
 interpersonal relationships of women articulated through their households,
 kinship networks and community structures serve as indispensable
 mechanisms for their survival. These mechanisms are seen as part of an
 indigenous socio-economic framework that is referred to here as the
 'economy of affection'. This framework is presented, through ethnographic
 data, as a means of facilitating moral, social and economic support among
 the indigent rural people in KwaZulu-Natal. Taking cognisance of local
 organisational forms and resources is the best possible way to reconstruct
 South Africa's vast hinterland against the background of a history of
 development patterns, where rhetoric has played a more important role than
 actual substantive contributions to development of the rural poor, and
 where capital investments, technology and expertise of a post-industrial
 nature are unlikely to spread. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 467-488 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440093 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440093 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:467-488




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Author-Name: J Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: J Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Title: The role of home economics in agricultural extension 
Abstract:
  Home economics could play a vital, supportive and complementary role in
 agricultural extension. Home economics training is, however, in much need
 of reorientation if the profession is to play this much-needed role. A
 comparison of the mission statements, foci and roles of these disciplines
 illustrates the value of including home economists in agricultural
 extension teams. The two professions have areas of similarity, but each
 also has specialist expertise vital to agricultural development. As a
 multidisciplinary, female-dominated profession, home economics is able to
 assist agricultural extension officers in designing extension programmes
 which suit the needs of women farmers. The article outlines the areas of
 collaboration, specialist expertise and cooperation between the two
 professions while questioning the focus of traditional home economics
 training. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 489-500 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440094 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440094 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:489-500




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naude Malan 
Author-X-Name-First: Naude 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malan 
Title: Participation in research and development at the Tshikonelo agricultural project, Northern province 
Abstract:
  This article takes to task certain assumptions about participation in
 research and development, and criticises them for being decontextualised
 and ethnographically uninformed. Results of social scientific research at
 an existing agricultural project in the Northern Province of South Africa
 are brought to bear on the theory and assumptions of participatory
 research and development. The study starts with a theoretical account of
 participatory research. The point is made that there is not necessarily
 any connection between participatory research and participatory
 development. It is concluded from the subsequent case study that
 participation in research and development could be negatively influenced
 by local power dynamics, by institutional reluctance to experiment with
 participation, and by policy decisions and circumstances that do not lend
 themselves to social change. The significance of participation cannot be
 deduced in isolation from its context of implementation. It is concluded
 that participation by itself would not necessarily lead to these changes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 501-518 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440095 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440095 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theo Kleynhans 
Author-X-Name-First: Theo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleynhans 
Author-Name: Pol Coppin 
Author-X-Name-First: Pol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coppin 
Author-Name: Lloyd Queen 
Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Queen 
Title: Geographic information system concepts for land management 
Abstract:
  A Geographical Information System (GIS) has recently been developed for
 the assessment of the agricultural potential of the Southern African
 Development Community (SADC) region. The main value of this GIS is the
 integration of agricultural resource information from the SADC countries
 in order to support regional planning. The development of GIS technology
 makes it possible to compile, store, retrieve, analyse and display vast
 quantities of spatial data on, inter alia, the climate, topography, soils
 and infrastructure of the region. This article aims to give background
 information on the nature and general application of a GIS. Attention is
 given to the capabilities of a GIS, the spatial questions that drive
 analyses, basic database requirements, analytical and operational
 functions, as well as the applications of a GIS in land reform. More
 detail on the spatial agricultural resource data captured and its use by
 means of the SADC GIS will be described in a later article. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 519-530 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440096 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440096 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:3:p:519-530




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imraan Valodia 
Author-X-Name-First: Imraan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valodia 
Title: Trade policy, productivity and learning: Evidence in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The theoretical argument in support of trade liberalisation is based, in
 part, on exports that foster dynamic efficiency gains primarily through
 learning and technological upgrading. Using data collected in the motor
 vehicle components industry, the article explores whether there is any
 evidence in the South African manufacturing sector to support this
 hypothesis. Although the conclusions are tentative, the author finds no
 unambiguous empirical support for the argument that, in the South African
 context, trade liberalisation fosters learning and innovation at the level
 of the firm. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-546 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440097 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440097 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petal Thring 
Author-X-Name-First: Petal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thring 
Title: Project management for strategic change and upliftment (by Gerrit van der Waldt & Andre Knipe) 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 547-550 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440098 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440098 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Leigland 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leigland 
Author-Name: Rosalind Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-4 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440100 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440100 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barry Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Barry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Author-Name: Monhla Hlahla 
Author-X-Name-First: Monhla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hlahla 
Title: South Africa's infrastructure service delivery needs: The role and challenge for public-private partnerships 
Abstract:
  South Africa's development challenges include over R100 billion needed in
 investment in infrastructure over the next ten years. Municipalities lack
 the institutional and financial capacity to address this alone and have to
 raise private sector finance to supplement their own resources and
 government grants. The borrowing of capital requires a well-run
 administration that is able to raise sufficient revenue to meet all
 running costs, including loan redemption. Municipalities are showing
 increasing interest in municipal service partnerships (MSPs), including
 public-private partnerships (PPPs), as a way of improving efficiency and
 accessing capital markets. This raises a number of challenges that include
 understanding and dealing with the continuing negative perceptions of the
 role of the private sector; clarifying the roles of the private sector and
 the government, especially local government; and addressing those issues
 necessary to produce effective and efficient MSPs in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 551-563 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440101 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440101 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:551-563




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monhla Hlahla 
Author-X-Name-First: Monhla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hlahla 
Title: The municipal infrastructure investment unit: The government's PPP-enabling strategy 
Abstract:
  The South African government is committed to helping local governments
 make full use of service delivery 'partnerships' in improving the quality
 of essential urban services for its citizens, as so many other governments
 are now doing worldwide. A key part in this effort is being played by the
 Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit (MIIU), a not-for-profit company
 established in 1998 for the purpose of using grant funding and technical
 help to guide the process of preparing and negotiating concession
 contracts and other forms of municipal service partnerships at the local
 level across South Africa. This article covers the MIIU's operations and
 rationale in an effort to describe one important way in which the
 government is responding to the challenges associated with extending basic
 municipal service provision to all of its citizens. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 565-583 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440102 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440102 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Sinclair 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinclair 
Title: Regulation and facilitation of public-private partnerships: The MSP policy framework 
Abstract:
  This article describes the Municipal Services Partnership (MSP) Policy
 developed by the Department of Constitutional Development (DCD) of the
 Ministry for Provincial Affairs and Constitutional Development of South
 Africa to help local authorities respond to the great demand for
 improvement of municipal services. The MSP policy was developed by the
 DCD, utilising consultative policy making. It defines municipal services
 partnerships and typical contractual forms of MSPs, and also identifies
 gaps and constraints in existing South African law that can make
 implementation of MSPs unnecessarily difficult or more costly for local
 authorities and service consumers. The policy creates a framework for
 competitive procurement of MSP contracts and, finally, it describes the
 capacity needs of local authorities to deal effectively with MSP planning,
 procurement and implementation, and identifies new and expanded
 institutional roles at the local and national levels to support local
 authorities that wish to engage in MSPs 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 585-606 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440103 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440103 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:585-606




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Heymans 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymans 
Author-Name: Michael Schur 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schur 
Title: National and provincial PPPs: Issues of supervision and accountability 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the key requirements for an enabling framework
 for the implementation of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in South
 Africa. It contends that such an enabling framework should facilitate
 coherent government policies and legislation, secure procurement reform,
 enhance capacity, foster stringent - albeit not constraining -financial
 regulation and put in place supportive institutional arrangements. Arguing
 that PPPs revolve around risk sharing between the public and private
 sector, value for money and affordability, key features of the South
 African policy environment as it affects PPPs are discussed. Amid
 considerable progress, policies across sectors could still be better
 aligned, legislative inconsistencies straightened out, procurement
 procedures and approaches updated to focus more sharply on value for money
 (rather than lowest price) and financial uncertainties countered. It is
 also noted that PPPs currently occur in an institutional vacuum in the
 public sector. It is therefore proposed that a dedicated institutional
 capacity be created to support PPPs more effectively. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 607-622 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440104 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440104 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:607-622




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roelf Kotze 
Author-X-Name-First: Roelf 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotze 
Author-Name: Andrew Ferguson 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson 
Author-Name: James Leigland 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leigland 
Title: Nelspruit and Dolphin Coast: Lessons from the first concession contracts 
Abstract:
  South Africa's first two long-term concession contracts for water and
 sanitation were signed in early 1999. These complex public-private
 partnerships (PPPs) in Nelspruit and Dolphin Coast will use private sector
 management expertise, as well as huge amounts of private capital
 investment, to address service delivery challenges in both areas.
 Especially important will be the extension of essential services to
 previously disadvantaged residents of both municipalities. The processes
 of preparing and negotiating these deals have been long and difficult.
 Councillors and officials have had to overcome a series of obstacles on
 their way to closing the deal, including fundamental misunderstandings
 about how such projects work on the part of unions, the general public,
 other government officials and even some members of South Africa's
 financial services community. This article provides an account of how and
 why these PPP projects were developed, and offers some of the key lessons
 learned regarding how to improve the process in the future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 623-648 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440105 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440105 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prem Govender 
Author-X-Name-First: Prem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Govender 
Author-Name: James Aiello 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aiello 
Title: Johannesburg's strategic plan for municipal service partnerships 
Abstract:
  While many local authorities have been slow to make the transition from
 traditional methods of service delivery to internationally proven
 alternative approaches, this is not the case for the Greater Johannesburg
 Metropolitan Council, which is pioneering initiatives around municipal
 service partnerships (MSPs) in many different areas. This article traces
 the processes embarked upon by Johannesburg, with a view to examining how
 and why the private sector became involved in municipal service provision.
 Given that Johannesburg is the largest and perhaps the most important city
 in the country, it is expected that the lessons learned from the
 experiments with MSPs there will be profoundly important for similar
 efforts by local governments in other parts of the country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 649-667 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440106 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440106 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:649-667




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Coetzee 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee 
Author-Name: Jan van der Schyff 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Schyff 
Title: Privatisation of a municipal enterprise through competitive sale: The case of Metro Gas 
Abstract:
  The situation of Metro Gas, owned and operated by the Greater
 Johannesburg Metropolitan Council (GJMC), is an almost textbook example of
 the need for straightforward government divestiture of an enterprise. In
 late 1998, the GJMC took a decision to solicit bids for the 100 per cent
 sale of the assets and business of Metro Gas as a going concern.
 Privatisation, involving the complete, permanent alienation of
 governmental assets, is often viewed as the most extreme and controversial
 form of public-private partnership. This is particularly the case in South
 Africa, where some stakeholders view privatisation as an unacceptable
 retreat from the challenges inherent in restructuring municipal service
 provision. This article reviews the decision process leading up to the
 sale of Metro Gas. This is an ideal example of the circumstances and
 conditions under which such privatisation activities are appropriate and
 worthwhile at the local level. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 669-689 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440107 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440107 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Dohrman 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dohrman 
Author-Name: James Aiello 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aiello 
Title: Public-private partnerships for waste management: Challenges for policies and procedures 
Abstract:
  Recently, all essential services in South Africa have been the focus of
 major efforts to ensure equitable access. This focus is quickly
 intensifying at all levels of government, as greater attention is directed
 at global environmental issues and at removing the imbalances in the
 socio-economic conditions of the past. Unfortunately for solid waste
 management, unlike other essential services, this is happening at a time
 of declining financial resources, fewer national programmes and increasing
 regulation. Many municipalities in South Africa are turning to
 public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a way of addressing the growing
 municipal solid waste management problem, especially with regard to
 extending services to previously disadvantaged, low-income communities.
 This article seeks to define relevant issues, clarify the use of PPPs and
 generally suggest a way forward for local municipalities committed to
 meeting the challenges of maintaining and expanding solid waste management
 services. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 691-705 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440108 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440108 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:691-705




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Breytenbach 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Breytenbach 
Author-Name: Claudia Manning 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning 
Title: Financing municipal BOOTs in South Africa: The lenders' perspective 
Abstract:
  South Africa's first build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) project for
 municipal services was signed in late December 1998 by the city of Durban
 and a private project company associated with French conglomerate Vivendi.
 The project will treat waste water for sale to industrial customers who
 would otherwise use more expensive potable water in their manufacturing
 processes. The project structure, with its multiple contracts and
 supporting agreements, guarantees and complex shareholding relationships,
 represents a sophisticated analytical challenge for lenders, whose
 financing will ultimately be at risk in the deal. Development finance
 institutions, such as the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), must
 review such projects in even greater detail because of their mandate to
 promote sustainable infrastructure development in the region. This article
 presents the DBSA 's analytical perspective on the Durban BOOT project in
 an effort to capture the complex, innovative and strongly developmental
 character of what, for South Africa, is a ground-breaking public-private
 partnership project. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 707-728 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440109 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440109 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:707-728




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Leigland 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leigland 
Author-Name: Rosalind Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Title: Municipal bonds as alternatives to PPPs: Facilitating direct municipal access to private capital 
Abstract:
  The advantages of using municipal bonds to finance urban infrastructure
 are becoming increasingly evident to policy makers in emerging economies,
 many of whom are making efforts to accelerate the development of municipal
 bond markets in their countries. Municipal bonds are sometimes viewed as a
 less expensive way of financing infrastructure than by public-private
 partnerships (PPPs), or methods that maintain greater public control over
 projects and service provision. The objective of this article is to place
 current efforts by the South African government to promote municipal bond
 market development in an international context. This is done by briefly
 reviewing the advantages local governments experience by issuing municipal
 bonds to finance infrastructure; discussing some experiences of other
 countries in trying to accelerate the development of municipal bond
 markets; and reviewing the need and prospects for an active municipal debt
 market in South Africa. The article also examines the extent to which
 municipal bonds should be thought of as alternatives to PPPs in an
 emerging economy context. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 729-750 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 16 
Year: 1999 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768359908440110 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768359908440110 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:16:y:1999:i:4:p:729-750




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Rooyen 
Title: Regional food security and agricultural policy in southern Africa: A challenge of policy conversion in diverse settings 
Abstract:
  Regional food security is viewed as one of the major challenges for the
 Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries and the important
 role of agriculture in this challenge has been highlighted. This article
 confirms these notions, but continues to argue the complexity and
 diversity of the region, the importance of creating agricultural policy
 conversion and harmonisation, despite this diverse setting, and the
 parameters for agriculture to support food security in the region.
 Timmer's agricultural 'growth' model is adapted and applied to the
 southern African region to create a framework for such conversion. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 7-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003389 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003389 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:7-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Jefferis 
Author-X-Name-First: Keith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jefferis 
Author-Name: Charles Okeahalam 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okeahalam 
Title: The impact of economic fundamentals on stock markets in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  The issue of whether stock markets reflect economic fundamentals or
 speculative bubbles is an important one for their potential role in
 allocating capital, and relates to a policy issue of whether stock markets
 should be encouraged in developing countries. This article examines the
 impact of both domestic and foreign economic factors on real stock market
 returns in three southern African stock markets - South Africa, Zimbabwe
 and Botswana, from 1985-95 - using cointegration and error correction
 techniques. It finds that, while in all cases stock markets are influenced
 by domestic economic growth, there are no common patterns beyond this. The
 influence of other domestic and economic variables depends on the size,
 openness and market-orientation of the individual economies, as well as
 the size and liquidity of the various stock exchanges. Where foreign
 economic variables are important, they appear to be those related to
 trade, rather than international capital flows, indicating that there is
 little integration of these capital markets, whether regionally or
 internationally. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 23-51 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003398 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003398 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:23-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alan Isemonger 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Isemonger 
Title: The estimation of intra-industry trade in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article uses recently released data to analyse the nature of trade
 between South Africa and the world. Two variations of the Grubel-Lloyd
 index are calculated, and they reveal that South Africa has predictably
 low levels of intra-industry trade among the primary product chapters, as
 well as low overall levels of intra-industry trade. It is only in certain
 manufacturing chapters (eg clothing and textiles) that the level of
 intra-industry trade is generally higher. There is, however, a very
 definite upward trend in the overall level of intra-industry trade
 manifested at all levels. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 53-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003406 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003406 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:53-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sazile Mtshali 
Author-X-Name-First: Sazile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtshali 
Title: Monitoring and evaluation of women's rural development extension services in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In South Africa, rural women's extension services are frequently based on
 the Western, middle-class ideology of a woman's place being in the private
 or domestic sphere of the home. Consequently, almost all extension
 services have a home economics feature which advocates the teaching of
 Western-type domestic skills, such as sewing, crocheting, knitting,
 cookery and child care, to name a few. The home economics extension
 services offered to rural women are inappropriate and ineffective in
 relation to women's triple role pertaining to reproductive, economic and
 community managing activities. Furthermore, most of the extension services
 are irrelevant to the real conditions of poverty prevailing in rural
 areas. Much of the planning of extension services is based on the needs of
 rural communities as decided by policy planners. Even where participatory
 approaches have been adopted, the monitoring and evaluation of progress
 made in achieving the objectives are often neglected. This article defines
 the concepts of monitoring and evaluation, explains their purposes in
 rural extension services, identifies suitable indicators for measuring
 sustainability of programmes, and highlights appropriate methods for
 collecting, handling and analysing data. In recognition of the
 inadequacies of and confusion in women's rural extension programmes, the
 article encourages reorientation of the processes used in monitoring and
 evaluating agricultural and rural development extension services in South
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 65-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003415 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:65-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Author-Name: J Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: J Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Title: The influence of family management on attendance and successful completion of skills training courses in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  This study surveyed women engaged in skills training courses to determine
 whether selected family management variables influenced their attendance
 of such courses and their successful completion of training. A sample of
 161 women engaged in skills training courses for income generation offered
 by four NGOs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were surveyed by means of a
 questionnaire. The dependent variables were course attendance and rate of
 successful completion of training. The independent variables were selected
 as indicators of women's family management practices (such as
 participation in household production and child care, income, task and
 time orientation). It was concluded that the significant family management
 variables may be appropriate predictors of attendance and successful
 completion of skills training. Reassessment of the design of skills
 training courses is suggested to accommodate women's needs and restraints
 associated with the demands of their home environments. Further refinement
 of the significant variables is recommended. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 75-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003424 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003424 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:75-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lindsay Bremner 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindsay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bremner 
Title: Post-apartheid urban geography: A case study of Greater Johannesburg's Rapid Land Development Programme 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the twin issues of urbanisation and the
 eradication of the socio-spatial patterns of apartheid in South African
 cities through the presentation of a case study - the Greater Johannesburg
 Metropolitan Council's Rapid Land Development Programme (RLDP), initiated
 in 1995. This has been one of the few housing delivery programmes in the
 country since 1994 which has attempted to address these two issues
 simultaneously (the Marconi Beam Development in Cape Town being another).
 The significance of the RLDP lies not only in its marginal success, but
 also in its failures. It brought to the surface the intractable ideologies
 and vested interests behind the patterns of property ownership in South
 African cities, as well as the lack of policies or procedures to challenge
 them. As a result, urban development in general, and in Greater
 Johannesburg in particular has, since 1994, reinforced rather than
 confronted apartheid geography. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 87-104 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003433 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003433 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:87-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Happy Siphambe 
Author-X-Name-First: Happy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siphambe 
Title: Education and the labour market in Botswana 
Abstract:
  Using primary data from a 1993/4 Household Income and Expenditure Survey
 in Botswana, this article presents empirical results on occupational
 attainment, its determinants, and the extent of filtering down in
 Botswana's labour market, given changes in labour market conditions over
 time. It was found that the Botswana labour market has been characterised
 by some 'filtering down' of educated workers into less skilled jobs as the
 supply of skilled manpower exceeded demand. Those who entered the labour
 market earlier, those with more education, those located in the urban
 areas and male workers are more likely to occupy jobs that are higher up
 in the hierarchy than to be in an unskilled blue-collar job. Jobs higher
 up in the hierarchy are also more rewarding financially. The article shows
 that there is occupational segregation of workers by gender in Botswana's
 labour market in that female workers are generally confined to a narrow
 range of occupations. The policy implications are that employment creation
 has to be pursued vigorously and the issue of gender discrimination
 investigated further. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 105-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003442 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003442 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:105-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ayanda Sotshongaye 
Author-X-Name-First: Ayanda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sotshongaye 
Author-Name: Valerie Moller 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moller 
Title: 'We want to live a better life like other people': Self-assessed development needs of rural women in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  This case study was conducted in two tribal wards in the Ndwedwe district
 of KwaZulu-Natal and was designed to gain a better understanding of how
 rural women see their role in development, a role which is acknowledged by
 the new government. Focus group discussions with 40 local women covered
 their perceptions of community development roles, successful community
 projects, development needs and feelings of empowerment. Perceived
 development priorities differed according to standard of living. The women
 from the better serviced Mavela ward cited piped water and electricity in
 the home as important development needs. For the women living in the
 remoter Cibane ward more basic needs such as safe water, housing and
 access roads were priorities. Women involved in successful gardening
 projects were bolder in making demands for government assistance in
 bringing infrastructure development to their area, suggesting gains in
 empowerment. Generally, the women aspired to levels of service provision
 similar to those found in the city but stated that they could not afford
 to pay the installation costs. Their strong commitment to a rural
 lifestyle prompted the women to call for government support to make their
 own efforts to develop their rural communities worthwhile. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 117-134 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003451 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003451 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:117-134




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Viljoen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viljoen 
Author-Name: Kamal Naicker 
Author-X-Name-First: Kamal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naicker 
Title: Nature-based tourism on communal land: The Mavhulani experience 
Abstract:
  South Africa is experiencing a boom in nature-based tourism in which
 underdeveloped and previously marginalised homeland areas are not sharing.
 The aim of this article is to determine some of the crucial constraints
 which inhibit tourism in these areas, by exploring various tourism
 development issues based on insights gained from research undertaken at
 Mavhulani bush camp, a seemingly successful nature-based tourism
 development project. This venture is run on communal trust land in the
 former Venda homeland area. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 135-148 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003460 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003460 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:135-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashoke Sarkar 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashoke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarkar 
Author-Name: Dipak Ghosh 
Author-X-Name-First: Dipak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh 
Title: Identification and prioritisation of access problems in rural areas 
Abstract:
  The concept of rural transportation planning has changed over the years.
 Nowadays a needs-based approach is generally used where the accessibility
 of the population to the activity centres or services is given more
 emphasis than the earlier concept of only the construction of motorable
 roads. In the process, a new approach known as Integrated Rural
 Accessibility Planning (IRAP) has been developed. One of the steps in IRAP
 is the quantification of villagers' accessibility levels to different
 activities or services. An attempt has been made in this article to
 improve the existing method of quantification and prioritisation by
 introducing the concept of the Accessibility Shortfall Index (ASI). 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 149-156 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050003479 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050003479 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:1:p:149-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomson Kalinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalinda 
Author-Name: Glenn Filson 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Filson 
Author-Name: James Shute 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shute 
Title: Resources, household decision making and organisation of labour in food production among small-scale farmers in southern Zambia 
Abstract:
  This article examines the production context of small-scale farm
 households in the Choma District in southern Zambia. Factors associated
 with differential access to production assets among the households are
 analysed. In addition to this, patterns of household decision making and
 the social organisation of labour in agricultural production are
 documented. The study findings show that farm size, a proxy for wealth or
 social status, accounted for significant differences in the level of
 ownership and access to production assets. The study also highlights the
 importance of labour and livestock in the production strategies of
 small-scale farmers. The data from this study on decision making and the
 social organisation of labour confirm the importance of gender roles in
 agricultural production. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 165-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661404 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661404 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:165-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Oldham 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldham 
Author-Name: Geert Creemers 
Author-X-Name-First: Geert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Creemers 
Author-Name: Taryn Rebeck 
Author-X-Name-First: Taryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rebeck 
Title: An economic evaluation of tourism: A case study of accommodation facilities in southern Maputaland 
Abstract:
  This article presents the most relevant findings of a case study on
 tourist accommodation facilities in the Southern Maputaland Biosphere
 Reserve. The aim of the study was to gather information on the benefits
 and costs associated with the operation of existing tourist accommodation
 in the subregion. Twenty private tourism operations ranging from upmarket
 game lodges to bed and breakfast facilities were sampled. The results
 present a comparison of indicators of the economic impact and efficiency
 of tourism, such as revenue generation, annual rates of return on
 investment, employment creation and wage levels between various types of
 tourism operation as well as between tourism as a land use option and the
 alternative of agriculture. They also highlight the economic importance of
 the protected areas to the local tourism industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 175-188 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661403 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661403 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:175-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tabukeli Ruhiiga 
Author-X-Name-First: Tabukeli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhiiga 
Title: Rural settlement and retail trade business in the Eastern Cape 
Abstract:
  Rural retail trade shops in the Transkei/Ciskei areas of the Eastern Cape
 are inherently tied to settlement form and distribution. Spatial
 distortions in settlement associated with resettlement policies in the
 past are increasingly being enhanced by unplanned settlement growth. The
 undeveloped state of the rural economy makes it difficult for most
 settlements to sustain their inhabitants. Rural shops are trapped in an
 economy and settlement system not conducive to formal retail trade. The
 result is that settlement today imposes constraints on the growth of these
 shops. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 189-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661402 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661402 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:189-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sally Peberdy 
Author-X-Name-First: Sally 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peberdy 
Title: Mobile entrepreneurship: Informal sector cross-border trade and street trade in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article presents the results of a study on the participation of
 non-South Africans in the handicraft/curio sector of street trade in South
 Africa in informal sector cross-border trade. The findings provide an
 introduction to the largely unexplored phenomenon of informal sector
 cross-border trade between South Africa and neighbouring states and
 challenge some of the common myths about non-South African street traders
 which pervade public discourses around migration. The Southern African
 Development Community (SADC) is presently involved in prolonged and
 contentious negotiations to establish a free trade area for the region
 based on the SADC protocol on trade and development. At the same time,
 against a backdrop of anti-immigrant rhetoric, the South African
 government is developing a new migration policy. The article argues that
 informal cross-border entrepreneurs should not be disadvantaged by the
 renegotiation of regional trade agreements and the reformulation of South
 Africa's new migration policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 201-219 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661400 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661400 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:201-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olusola Olufemi 
Author-X-Name-First: Olusola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olufemi 
Title: Feminisation of poverty among the street homeless women in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article gives an overview of poverty, deprivation and homelessness
 as a social ill that is eating deep into the society's fabric. It affirms
 that these concepts are inextricably linked, illustrating this with the
 case of the street homeless women. Furthermore, it describes the
 characteristics of street homeless women in Johannesburg inner city and
 their perception of poverty. It also describes the survival strategies
 adopted by these women on the streets. The article also illustrates that
 street homeless women suffer most from unprecedented population growth,
 high levels of poverty, homelessness, illiteracy and unemployment. They
 form part of the largest group of the poorly sheltered population. The
 street homeless women in particular constitute a population at risk,
 especially when the nature of their homelessness is concealed. The article
 suggests it might be appropriate to give special attention to the poorest
 segment of the population, which includes the street homeless women. They
 must be made to participate fully and equally in policies and strategies
 to alleviate poverty. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 221-234 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661399 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661399 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:221-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabina Mahapa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahapa 
Title: Carting in the Northern Province: Structural and geographical change 
Abstract:
  Throughout the world rural transportation is grossly underresearched. In
 southern Africa the nature of transport in country areas is only beginning
 to be studied. Indications are that pre-industrial forms have persisted
 despite changed economic and social conditions, and that these should be
 seen as a cost-effective alternative under certain socio-economic
 conditions of transition to a modern economy. As also in other places, in
 the Northern Province donkey carting has adapted its socio-economic and
 technological structure to new conditions; these changes have occurred at
 a different pace in different localities. The prime aim of the research is
 to ascertain the degree to which deliberate alterations in the geography
 of carting have been a successful strategy for the survival of carters.
 The finding that emerges from this study is that low-technology transport
 has persisted despite the introduction of modern means of transport and
 tarred roads, but that it is ignored and dismissed because it falls
 outside the formal purview of the state. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 235-248 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661396 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661396 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:235-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joachim H-G Wehner 
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim H-G 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wehner 
Title: Asymmetrical devolution 
Abstract:
  The Presidential Review Commission suggested an asymmetrical approach to
 devolution in South Africa. However, this proposal was not supported by a
 detailed conceptualisation and operationalisation. This article represents
 a first broad attempt to classify asymmetrical arrangements by focusing on
 four essential aspects: reason, duration, form and scope. The potential of
 an asymmetrical intergovernmental system, focusing on these aspects, is
 then debated in the South African context. It is concluded that,
 considering the developmental needs to be addressed across subnational
 units with vastly diverging capacities, the functionality of the current
 system should be supported with temporary asymmetrical adjustments. A
 range of constitutional mechanisms is available for this purpose. It is
 desirable that these be coordinated as part of a broader policy framework
 on intergovernmental relations. These mechanisms for asymmetrical
 adjustments could help to realise the full potential inherent in the
 constitutional framework. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 249-262 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661401 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661401 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:249-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manie Geyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Manie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer 
Author-Name: Mark Orkin 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orkin 
Author-Name: Pali Lehohla 
Author-X-Name-First: Pali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehohla 
Author-Name: John Kahimbaara 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kahimbaara 
Title: Development Debate and Practice Revisiting the South African magisterial districts of 1999 
Abstract:
  During the constitutional talks that preceded the democratic election of
 South Africa in 1994, final agreement could not be reached on the position
 of all new provincial boundaries. This resulted in so-called 'hard' and
 'soft' boundaries, the former referring to sections of boundaries on which
 there was general agreement, and the latter to those where there were
 still differences of opinion about their position between the negotiating
 parties. Yet, as the building blocks of the new provinces and as the
 regional units most often used for planning and administrative purposes,
 it is the magisterial districts that were most severely distorted by the
 system of apartheid. In view of the changes that are taking place in the
 local government system of South Africa currently, especially the new
 district boundaries that have been announced by the Demarcation Board in
 November 1999, the distorting effect apartheid had on the boundaries of
 the previous magisterial districts, is demonstrated in this article.
 Various distortions are pointed out and changes are suggested which could
 significantly improve local, provincial and national governance in South
 Africa, if implemented. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 263-276 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661398 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661398 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:2:p:263-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudia Manning 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning 
Author-Name: Rashad Cassim 
Author-X-Name-First: Rashad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassim 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 285-287 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661417 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661417 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:285-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank Barry 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barry 
Title: Foreign direct investment, cost competitiveness and the transformation of the Irish economy 
Abstract:
  Ireland has been the economic success story of the 1990s. Growth in GNP
 and in employment has far exceeded those seen elsewhere. We ask first
 whether this is simply a delayed catching-up process. Even if this turns
 out to be so, the question remains as to what the key differences in
 policy were between the unsuccessful phase, from 1950 to 1988, and the
 phenomenally successful phase since then. We present a brief overview of
 the key differences in terms familiar from conventional growth theory, and
 go on to look more carefully at the constellation of factors explaining
 the precise timing of the turnaround in economic fortunes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-305 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661418 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661418 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:289-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Alexander 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander 
Author-Name: Antonio Estache 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Estache 
Title: Industry restructuring and regulation: Building a base for sustainable growth - lessons from Latin America 
Abstract:
  The potential for economic growth of nations is related to the state of
 their infrastructure. In this connection, it has been estimated that one
 percent growth in GDP requires an investment of one percent of GDP in
 energy, transportation, telecommunications, and water and sanitation
 infrastructure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-337 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661412 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661412 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:307-337




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Hansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen 
Title: Regulatory change and competition in the South African electricity supply industry 
Abstract:
  The electricity industry is a concentrated, regulated and largely
 publicly owned sector which is dominated by Eskom, a vertically integrated
 public utility. Recently, new structures and regulation have been proposed
 to separate the different levels of operation, from generation through to
 distribution, and to open up the potential for competition. This study
 undertakes a preliminary analysis of competition and regulation issues in
 electricity for South Africa. First, the structure of the electricity
 supply industry (ESI) is analysed, with a brief review of the differing
 characteristics of operations at each level and the implications for
 ownership and control within the sector. The performance of Eskom is then
 assessed against both financial and non-financial criteria. Next, the
 electrification progress and the regulatory framework are evaluated before
 differing options for the restructuring of the ESI, both in the long and
 the short term, are appraised. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 339-356 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661413 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661413 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:339-356




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rossana Achterberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Rossana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Achterberg 
Title: Competition policy and regulation: A case study of telecommunications 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 357-371 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661414 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661414 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:357-371




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Hodge 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodge 
Title: Liberalising communication services in South Africa 
Abstract:
  There is a broad consensus that for the communications industry to
 flourish in a country, it must be opened to private competition. However,
 countries have adopted varied approaches to liberalisation, some more
 cautious than others. This paper critically assesses South Africa's
 approach to liberalising its communications industry. It argues that
 although there have been some gains from the current phased approach,
 these fall short of the potential gains that could have been achieved had
 more competition been introduced sooner. It also argues that, with
 hindsight, some of the fears that gave rise to the approach adopted in the
 country may have been misplaced. It concludes that there is still
 considerable scope within the current regulatory arrangements to bring
 about some of those additional gains now. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 373-387 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661415 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:373-387




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Heese 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heese 
Title: Foreign direct investment in South Africa (1994-9) - confronting globalisation 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 389-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661416 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661416 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:389-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Title: Changing lanes: The political economy of the South African automotive value chain 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 401-415 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661410 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661410 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:401-415




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Batchelor 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Batchelor 
Author-Name: Paul Dunne 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dunne 
Title: Industrial participation, investment and growth: The case of South Africa's defence-related industry 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 417-435 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661409 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661409 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:417-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Title: The impact of trade and structural changes on sectoral employment in South Africa 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 437-466 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661411 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661411 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:3:p:437-466




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivy Drafor 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drafor 
Author-Name: Glen Filson 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Filson 
Author-Name: Ellen Goddard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goddard 
Title: Cereal producers and the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in Ghana: A welfare analysis of the first decade of SAP 
Abstract:
  Small-scale food producers in Ghana produce about 90 per cent of the food
 in the country. Behaviourial patterns characteristic of these
 semi-commercial producers are complex, making it hard for policy makers to
 predict the consequences of policies on them. This study analyses the
 effects of the Structural Adjustment Programme on cereal producers in
 Ghana. A system of demand and supply equations was employed in a
 simulation analysis performed under three different scenarios to observe
 the aftermath of price increases; measure the impact of devaluation of the
 cedi; and gauge the effect of price increases and devaluation. The results
 show that cereal producers gain but consumers lose in terms of producer
 and consumer surplus. There is a net welfare loss as a result of the SAP. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 489-499 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173895 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173895 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:489-499




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Emmett 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Emmett 
Title: Beyond community participation? Alternative routes to civil engagement and development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Although community participation still enjoys a high level of support
 across various sectors in South Africa, its practice is fraught with
 conceptual and practical difficulties. This paper starts out by examining
 some of the problems and limitations associated with community
 participation, including the heterogeneity and fragmentation of many poor
 communities, the lack of social and material resources and community
 members' expectations of receiving a return from their involvement in
 development projects. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) or participatory
 learning and action (PLA) is used as an example to illustrate some of the
 conceptual and theoretical limitations that characterise most approaches
 to participatory development. In particular it is argued that approaches
 such as PRA/PLA lack the theoretical basis for effectively getting to
 grips with the problems of participatory development. What is needed is a
 conceptual framework not only to understand the responses of communities,
 but also to locate such communities within their socio-economic contexts.
 The second part of the paper therefore examines three developments in
 social science theory that may be able to contribute to the development of
 a richer conceptual framework for popular participation. These are the
 concept of social capital, the asset-based approach to development, and
 the debate around the role of the state in development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 501-518 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173903 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173903 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:501-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kempe Ronald Hope 
Author-X-Name-First: Kempe Ronald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hope 
Title: Decentralisation and local governance theory and the practice in Botswana 
Abstract:
  Decentralisation, as an aspect of local governance, helps to shift
 thinking away from state-centred perspectives to include elements which
 are often considered to be outside the public policy process. The notion
 of local governance can, accordingly, be regarded as an attempt to come to
 grips with the limitations of state-centred local management. This paper
 examines and analyses the concept and impact of decentralisation, as an
 aspect of local governance, from its theoretical perspective and as
 implemented in Botswana in practical ways. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 519-534 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173912 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173912 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:519-534




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Road construction and small enterprise development: The experience of the N4 Maputo corridor 
Abstract:
  The problems and support needs of small road contracting enterprises and
 of the prospects for entrepreneurship and enterprise growth in the South
 African road construction sector is the focus of this investigation. This
 study examines the building of the N4 toll road which is the anchor
 project for the Maputo Development Corridor. It draws on a wide range of
 source material, including existing secondary sources, primary project
 documentation relating to the N4 anchor project, a set of interviews with
 key individuals and business associations involved with implementation of
 the project, and a questionnaire survey that was administered to 30
 emerging contractors that had successfully secured contracts for work on
 the Maputo Development Corridor. Overall, the article investigates the
 progress and workings of South Africa's targeted procurement approach
 towards stimulating small contractors in road construction. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 535-566 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173921 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173921 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:535-566




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Michael Carter 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carter 
Author-Name: Lawrence Haddad 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad 
Author-Name: John Maluccio 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maluccio 
Title: KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) 1993-98: A longitudinal household database for South African policy analysis 
Abstract:
  An important adjunct of apartheid has been the absence of credible and
 comprehensive data on which policies, such as poverty reduction
 strategies, can be grounded. The 1993 Project for Statistics on Living
 Standards and Development (PSLSD) provided the first comprehensive
 household database for South Africa. Despite its usefulness, however, the
 one round PSLSD cannot provide answers to many questions important to
 policy researchers and practitioners, particularly questions about dynamic
 processes. The primary objective in this article is to introduce a new
 longitudinal household database, based on the PSLSD, which begins to fill
 this gap. Households surveyed by the PSLSD in KwaZulu-Natal province were
 re-surveyed in 1998 by the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Survey (KIDS). As
 a research endeavour, the KIDS project addresses one of the most vexing
 and important problems confronting contemporary South Africa:
 understanding the forces and mechanisms which contribute to the
 perpetuation of apartheid's legacy of poverty and inequality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 567-581 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173930 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173930 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:567-581




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: The effect of rural inequality on fertility and migration: A literature review 
Abstract:
  This article is based on a literature review, which draws together
 evidence on the extent and nature of asset (land, machinery, durables,
 etc) inequality in rural areas and its impact on demographic incentives
 and behaviour of rural households. Although sufficient literature on the
 topics of rural inequality, migration and fertility was found, very little
 research on the interrelationship between such inequality and the
 demographic and environmental consequences exists. This complex
 interrelationship among different population and economic variables is
 acknowledged and is currently being tested in field research in Botswana,
 South Africa and India. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 583-602 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173949 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173949 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:583-602




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais 
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais 
Author-Name: Skip Krige 
Author-X-Name-First: Skip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krige 
Title: Who received what, where in the Free State? An assessment of post-apartheid housing delivery and policy (1994-98) 
Abstract:
  This article reflects on the differences and similarities between the
 housing policies of the World Bank and that of South Africa. It also
 focuses on the application of South African policy in the Free State and
 especially pays attention to who the end-beneficiaries are, what the
 end-product is and what the regional and locational priorities of housing
 investment are. Furthermore, this article assesses the spatial
 distribution of housing subsidies, the income levels of end-beneficiaries,
 and the type of end product that has been delivered. Among other things,
 it concludes that cities in the Free State have been neglected in terms of
 housing investment, that the majority of end-beneficiaries fall in the
 lowest income category, and that double subsidisation has been a common
 phenomenon in the Free State. A number of critical reflections are also
 made in terms of future housing policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 603-619 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173958 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173958 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:603-619




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z. N. Mfono 
Author-X-Name-First: Z. N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mfono 
Title: DEVELOPMENT DEBATE AND PRACTICE: A situational appraisal of demographic data utilisation in planning in the Eastern Cape province 
Abstract:
  The relationship between population and development is frequently
 highlighted in international debates as signifying that changes in
 population size, age and gender structures, settlement patterns and other
 population characteristics have implications for public policy planning
 and for developing evaluation indicators. This study explores the
 accessibility, quality, userfriendliness and other aspects of demographic
 data from a planning perspective. Planners from South Africa's Eastern
 Cape provincial Departments of Education and Health were interviewed and
 the policy documents were studied to determine how they incorporate
 population variables. The findings indicate dissatisfaction among planners
 with the quality of available demographic data at sub-national levels,
 particularly for the smaller geographic units - regions, districts and
 villages. Inadequate coordination of data compilation and evaluation is
 another common perception. There is consensus on the potential
 contribution of demographic data to improved planning, and recommendations
 for improving demographic data accessibility and use were made. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 621-628 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350050173967 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350050173967 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:4:p:621-628




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. G. Hosking 
Author-X-Name-First: S. G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosking 
Title: Government-induced teacher failure in South Africa - causes and analysis1 
Abstract:
  The problem of teachers being hired but not teaching because of
 government action or inaction is a serious one in South Africa. This paper
 describes the problem and explores two aspects of it: non-enforcement of
 employment contracts with teachers and shortages of certain subject
 teachers caused by inflexibility in the remuneration structure of
 teachers. Non-enforcement has become a severe problem because a situation
 has developed in many schools, mainly black ones, where teachers are able
 to get away with doing very little work (shirking). The current
 remuneration structure has become a problem in that it has given rise to a
 situation where the only way to plug certain teaching gaps is by placing
 some teachers in positions for which they have insufficient training
 (inferior substitution). It is concluded that it is desirable that the
 government properly enforce its teacher contracts and that more
 flexibility should be introduced into the salary structure with respect to
 specific staffing scarcities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 641-665 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661431 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661431 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:641-665




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prisilla Cunnan 
Author-X-Name-First: Prisilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cunnan 
Author-Name: Brij Maharaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Brij 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maharaj 
Title: Against the odds: Health care in an informal settlement in Durban 
Abstract:
  In Durban, one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, the demands of
 accelerated urbanisation, particularly with regard to health care, are
 compounded by the legacy of apartheid planning. This has resulted in
 health service provision being fragmented along racial, administrative
 financial and spatial lines. While urbanisation offers the promise of
 improved opportunities and a better lifestyle, the newly urbanised poor
 generally find themselves living in conditions which are detrimental to
 their health. The majority of newly urbanised blacks are forced to live in
 informal settlements which lack basic amenities such as water and
 sanitation - living conditions which create a whole network of ill health.
 This article examines health conditions in Canaan, an informal settlement
 in Durban. The focus will be on nutrition, sanitation, health status and
 access to health care delivery. The study revealed that Canaan did not
 have piped sewerage or indoor water. The diets of residents were lacking
 in protein and their main source of food was carbohydrates. The most
 prevalent disease was tuberculosis (TB), sexually transmitted diseases
 (STDs), asthma and diarrhoea. All these diseases, apart from the STDs, are
 related to poor socio-economic conditions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 667-686 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661430 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661430 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:667-686




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Successful SMEs in South Africa: The case of clothing producers in the Witwatersrand 
Abstract:
  The objective in this article is to examine the key determinants of
 successful SME development in post-apartheid South Africa. The
 determinants of successful SME growth are investigated by concentrating
 upon one specific branch of manufacturing, namely clothing production in
 the Witwatersrand. The article unfolds through four sets of material.
 First, a review is undertaken of research concerning the factors
 influencing successful SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa. Major themes are the
 elements of successful individual enterprise, successful clusters of
 enterprises and of available research in South Africa. In section two,
 attention turns to the case study and outlines key features of the
 development of the South African clothing industry. Section three presents
 the findings from 27 detailed interviews conducted with successful
 clothing producers in the Witwatersrand. Overall, it is concluded that the
 South African research confirms certain of the findings relating to
 trajectories of successful SME development in other parts of Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 687-716 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661433 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661433 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:687-716




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theo van der Merwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Theo 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe 
Title: The case for social security in South Africa: An economic perspective 
Abstract:
  Sound economic arguments exist for social security in a market system,
 since it can promote efficiency and equity. Furthermore, social security
 can reduce the risks of economic insecurities caused by unemployment,
 poverty and the new international economic environment to individuals and
 society. For a developing country, South Africa has a relatively
 well-developed social security system. However, it cannot address all the
 needs without major fiscal adjustments. The most viable approach may be to
 target only the most vulnerable groups, although such an approach may be
 criticised from an equity perspective. An important limitation of the
 South African social security system is that many unemployed individuals
 go without coverage, which may contribute towards instability. It may be
 necessary to revisit public works programmes in conjunction with the
 private sector. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 717-735 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661436 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661436 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:717-735




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harry Ballard 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballard 
Author-Name: Erwin Schwella 
Author-X-Name-First: Erwin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwella 
Title: The impact of globalisation on local government in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Globalisation has been defined as a continuous evolutionary process
 whereby functions and influences cross boundaries from one state to
 another. The question is often raised as to whether a country such as
 South Africa can ignore global influences after years of isolation and
 integrate positively with the international community as a global player.
 The South African government has initiated the debate on the possible
 benefits of globalisation, especially in the local government sphere.
 Globalisation could, it is believed, facilitate economic and social
 upliftment in the communities served by local government. Whether it has
 the expertise and capacity needed to actualise these benefits is, however,
 debatable. The larger local authorities, or Category A municipalities,
 have supported the idea of globalisation and have begun formulating
 policies on international relations. The purpose of this article is,
 first, to determine the implications of globalisation for South African
 local authorities. Secondly, based on these findings, an attempt has been
 made to identify the criteria for integrating successfully into the
 international local government system. On the basis of these responses, a
 qualitative evaluation of the identified criteria was undertaken in order
 to determine the extent to which they have been met in South African local
 government. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 737-749 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661435 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661435 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:737-749




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrie Schoombee 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoombee 
Title: Getting South African banks to serve micro-entrepreneurs: An analysis of policy options 
Abstract:
  The lack of access to formal bank credit is one of the important problems
 faced by South African micro-entrepreneurs in the informal sector.
 Although the government has addressed this issue, private banks are still
 not interested in serving micro-enterprises. This article presents an
 analysis of the policies implemented by the government, as well as
 policies followed in other countries, to reach a conclusion with regard to
 the path to follow for solving this problem. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 751-767 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661429 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661429 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:751-767




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neddy Matshalaga 
Author-X-Name-First: Neddy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matshalaga 
Title: Macroeconomic policies and their impact on health in Zimbabwe in the 1980s and 1990s: An analysis of the prevalence of diarrhoea, malnutrition, maternal mortality and access to health services 
Abstract:
  The main objective of this article is to examine how the changes in
 macroeconomic policies have shaped health outcomes, particularly with
 regard to diarrhoea, malnutrition, maternal mortality and access to health
 services, and how these health outcomes vary by income, geographical
 location and gender. Macroeconomic policies in Zimbabwe have tended to
 shape health outcomes and they have also had an impact on trends in
 household income levels and access to health facilities. During the 1980s,
 the government's health policy 'Equity in health' led to increased access
 to health facilities. The policy of free health for low-income households
 made it possible for poorer groups to access health facilities more
 easily. However, the introduction of economic reform programmes popularly
 known as the Economic Structural Adjustment Programmes in Zimbabwe, has
 witnessed a massive shift in macropolicies. These policy changes have
 tended to affect the health sector in a negative manner. The introduction
 of user fees as a cost recovery measure and the rollback on government
 expenditure on social sectors, health included, have led to a reduction in
 the population able to access health facilities. Results of studies have
 shown a positive relationship between the prevalence of diarrhoea,
 malnutrition and access to health facilities with income levels,
 rural/urban location and gender. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 769-790 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/713661432 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713661432 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:769-790




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Title: Public expenditure and poverty alleviation: Simulations for South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article utilises a class of poverty measures to determine the
 potential cost to the fiscus, in 1995 rands, of alleviating poverty in
 South Africa. The simulations are undertaken for both households and
 individuals according to the different covariates of poverty. The study
 found that the commitment required from the state to reduce poverty is
 fairly modest, albeit within the parameters of very strict assumptions. In
 addition, the article illustrates that individual and household-level data
 impart differential poverty information, which is important for policy
 prescriptions. Finally, it is evident that for state targeting purposes,
 the nature of household poverty is fairly easily reduced to a small
 subgroup of labour market-defined household types. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 791-805 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350020013624 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350020013624 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:791-805




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wimpie Nell 
Author-X-Name-First: Wimpie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nell 
Author-Name: Basie Wessels 
Author-X-Name-First: Basie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wessels 
Author-Name: Jo Mokoka 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mokoka 
Author-Name: Sophy Machedi 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Machedi 
Title: A creative multidisciplinary approach towards the development of food gardening 
Abstract:
  The Mangaung-University of the Orange Free State Community Partnership
 Programme (MUCPP) is a comprehensive health care project established in
 April 1991 in the Free State province. It is largely funded by the W. F.
 Kellogg Foundation, United States. The partnership is a triumvirate
 consisting of the Mangaung community, the University of the Orange Free
 State (UOFS) and the Department of Health of the Free State province. The
 Food Garden Management Programme is a very important programme in MUCPP.
 In 1996, the MUCPP food garden was awarded 'Peace Garden of the Year' in
 the corporate class of a national competition. The definition of a food
 garden in this article is a piece of land ( - 100 m 2 ) at the back of a
 resident's house that is used for the production of vegetables, chickens
 and rabbits, mainly for own consumption. The focus here will be primarily
 on vegetable gardening and its influence on community development
 programmes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 807-819 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2000 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350020013642 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350020013642 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:17:y:2000:i:5:p:807-819




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jef Leroy 
Author-X-Name-First: Jef 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leroy 
Author-Name: Johan van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: Luc D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Author-Name: Anne-Marie de Winter 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Winter 
Title: A quantitative determination of the food security status of rural farming households in the Northern Province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  The majority of South Africans living in rural areas are food insecure
 despite high levels of national food self-sufficiency. The household food
 security position of two groups of rural farming households in the Venda
 region was evaluated quantitatively: one group produces vegetables that
 are sold or consumed locally, the other group produces cash crops -
 mangoes and other subtropical fruits. Using the collected data, food
 availability and energy, protein and fat requirements were calculated and
 balances derived. It was found that more than 80 per cent of the
 households had a negative balance of energy, protein and fat intake. The
 average energy, protein and fat coverage consumption was the same for both
 groups of farmers. A number of agricultural determinants were tested, but
 only non-agricultural determinants were found to be significant. These
 include household size, household (food) expenditure and proportion of the
 budget spent on food. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 5-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350123961 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350123961 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:5-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: J Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Merridy Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: Merridy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Author-Name: Will Cawood 
Author-X-Name-First: Will 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cawood 
Title: Maphephethe rural electrification (photovoltaic) programme: The constraints on the adoption of solar home systems 
Abstract:
  It has been recognised that off-grid energy technologies are essential if
 the rural population of South Africa is to be provided with basic
 electrical supply. This article documents the development process followed
 during a pilot programme aiming to investigate the introduction of solar
 (photovoltaic) systems as an alternative means of rural electrification.
 The community of Maphephethe in KwaZulu-Natal was targeted for the
 project. This article seeks to share the experiences, both positive and
 negative, that have been gained since the project commenced in 1996. A
 model for technology transfer and local capacity-building is proposed and
 certain issues are highlighted, including the slow dissemination of solar
 systems and the difficulties of financing in a poor rural community. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350123295 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350123295 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:19-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amin Kamete 
Author-X-Name-First: Amin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamete 
Title: The quest for affordable urban housing: A study of approaches and results in Harare, Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  Approaches aimed at achieving housing affordability have long emphasised
 the housing unit. Conventional wisdom prescribes that affordability will
 be enhanced if the unit cost of a house is reduced. Classic solutions
 include the reduction of standards, use of indigenous technologies and
 materials, adopting self-help modes of delivery and addressing market
 imperfections. This study shows that while it is not unwise to reduce the
 cost of housing, there is a limit to this approach. Unit costs cannot be
 reduced indefinitely and non-cost-reducing strategies are therefore called
 for. The approaches hinge on improving the economic status of low-income
 groups by implementing measures that reduce household expenditure and/or
 boost their incomes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 31-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120045303 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120045303 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:31-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Daly 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daly 
Title: Gender equality rights versus traditional practices: Struggles for control and change in Swaziland 
Abstract:
  In Swaziland, as in many other African nations, women have historically
 faced unequal social, economic, legal, political and cultural treatment
 because of their gender. This article assesses the extent of gender
 inequality currently in practice in this southern African kingdom. In
 addition, it provides policy recommendations to assist the Swazis to move
 progressively towards greater gender balance in their governance and
 public policy systems. Will change occur peacefully over the next decade?
 Change is likely, as Swazi women have more exposure to information and
 telecommunications technology, and as the growing international women's
 movement allows for increased gender comparisons with other cultures. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 45-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120045312 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120045312 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:45-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rocky Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Rocky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: Defence and development: Some thematic issues 
Abstract:
  Armed forces are, in many developing countries, configured for very
 restricted and traditional roles. Often their considerable organisational
 capabilities and human resource expertise are not fully harnessed to the
 broader developmental objectives of the country concerned. The
 capabilities of armed forces and their considerable resources can,
 potentially, be utilised in a much wider arena than simply in the role of
 territorial defence. Numerous pros and cons can be attached to this
 expanded deployment of the armed forces and such deployment is critically
 dependent on the peculiarities of the country, as reflected in its
 political culture and its history. It is argued in this article that the
 collateral utility of the South African National Defence Force is far
 wider than that which present government policy permits. The effective
 utilisation of this capability, however, will depend on a high level of
 political will within government to do so, the revision of existing
 government policy in this regard, and the effective coordination of these
 expanded defence efforts within a broader human security policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 57-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120045321 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120045321 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:57-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrec Jordaan 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrec 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan 
Title: The challenges of globalisation for development in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  The world is currently engaged in a process of globalisation, as is
 reflected in the growth of world trade, unification of capital markets,
 internationalisation of production, distribution networks and the
 mega-revolution in information, communications and technology.
 Globalisation presents both opportunities and challenges for developing
 countries, especially the southern African region. It also demands that
 the region becomes competitive in attracting investment, applying new
 technology, and producing goods and services that can compete efficiently
 on the global market. The main purpose of this article is therefore to
 consider whether southern Africa is likely to enter a global community
 successfully, and be prosperous in the process. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 79-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120045330 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120045330 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:79-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kumaresan Govindan 
Author-X-Name-First: Kumaresan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Govindan 
Author-Name: Suresh Chandra Babu 
Author-X-Name-First: Suresh Chandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Babu 
Title: Supply response under market liberalisation: A case study of Malawian agriculture 
Abstract:
  In order to analyse the effects of policy reforms, output supply and
 factor demand responses to input and output prices for Malawian
 agriculture are estimated in this article in a multiple-output,
 multiple-input framework. The implications of various structural
 adjustment policies implemented in Malawi are analysed using the model
 results for their impact on the smallholder agricultural sector. The
 results of the analysis indicate that removal of fertiliser subsidy - a
 major component of market reform policies - does not substantially reduce
 the production of maize, the major staple food in Malawi. However, when
 implemented in appropriate sequence along with other output market
 liberalisation policies and increased investment in infrastructure, such a
 policy is likely to increase the productivity of smallholder agriculture. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 93-106 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120043349 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120043349 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:93-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolaas van Rensburg 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rensburg 
Author-Name: Lucius Botes 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botes 
Author-Name: Maryna de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Maryna 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Title: Upgrading and low-income housing initiatives: Indicating their value to the people of Freedom Square, Bloemfontein 
Abstract:
  Since 1990, hundreds of informal settlements have grown rapidly around
 cities throughout South Africa as a result of the changing political
 context, poverty and the enormous housing backlog. The impact of this
 uncontrolled urbanisation became apparent in the fact that hundreds of
 thousands of poor people had to make a living with limited access to
 running water, electricity and formal housing. This article explores the
 development experiences, needs and expectations of the residents of
 Freedom Square - previously Bloemfontein's largest informal settlement and
 home to 17 200 people - over a period of 8 years. This is approached by
 means of a comparative overview of four surveys (1990, 1993, 1995 and
 1997), all relating to the social impact of upgrading-orientated and
 low-income housing initiatives within the study community. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 107-114 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350125655 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350125655 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:1:p:107-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Author-Name: Champaklal Jinabhai 
Author-X-Name-First: Champaklal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinabhai 
Title: Working with community health workers to improve nutrition in rural KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Addressing the health problems of disadvantaged communities requires
 innovative strategies in a situation of resource constraints. A
 community-based participatory intervention was undertaken in southern
 KwaZulu-Natal, using 18 local community health workers (CHWs). A baseline
 survey was conducted by each CHW, who visited five households to
 investigate factors affecting nutrition. After a training programme of
 monthly nutrition workshops, CHWs shared this information with local
 community members by visiting households and holding community meetings.
 After six months, a second questionnaire administered by CHWs investigated
 householder perceptions of the intervention. Data from the initial survey
 served as a basis for the content of the nutrition intervention by CHWs to
 improve health by influencing dietary practices. Factors affecting
 nutrition that were investigated included dietary practices,
 breastfeeding, sanitation, source of water and food gardens. CHWs learnt
 from this nutrition intervention and spread this information among their
 communities, suggesting a useful role for CHWs in implementing
 health-promoting initiatives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 125-140 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041866 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041866 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:125-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cleophas Lado 
Author-X-Name-First: Cleophas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lado 
Title: Environmental and socio-economic factors behind food security policy strategies in Botswana 
Abstract:
  This article examines the environmental and socio-economic factors
 influencing food security policy strategies in Botswana. First, the
 article provides the conceptual background to the magnitude of the issue
 of food production and security in southern Africa. Secondly, the physical
 and human environmental parameters influencing food production strategies
 are elucidated. Thirdly, issues of agricultural production-oriented
 ideology, including food self-sufficiency and security, food production
 and consumption trends, food insecurity and nutritional status of
 population are outlined. Fourthly, strategies for improving availability
 of and access to food, including policy intervention for food security,
 are discussed. Finally, the article outlines the findings of study of food
 security which point to the adoption of agricultural production
 technologies, extension expertise and provision of financial assistance to
 farmers. Successes in expanding food production and consumption, and in
 reducing production fluctuations to minimise dependence on food aid,
 require improvement in regional infrastructure to facilitate intraregional
 trade and flows of food from surplus to deficit areas in Botswana. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 141-168 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041875 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041875 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:141-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manfred Wiebelt 
Author-X-Name-First: Manfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiebelt 
Title: Hazardous waste management in South African mining - a CGE analysis of the economic impacts 
Abstract:
  There is no doubt that improved hazardous waste management in mining and
 mineral processing will reduce environmental and health risks in South
 Africa. However, sceptics fear that waste reduction, appropriate treatment
 and disposal are not affordable within the current economic circumstances
 of the country. In particular, it is argued that higher treatment and
 disposal costs would weaken the country's international competitiveness in
 important export markets on the one hand, and place heavy adjustment costs
 on black workers on the other. Thus, improvements in waste management are
 not enforceable, from either an economic or a social point of view. This
 article deals mainly with the first aspect and touches upon the second. It
 investigates the short-term and long-term sectoral impacts of an
 environmental tax on hazardous waste in South African mining, using an
 open-economy multisectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The
 results bear out the expectation that the possibilities for shifting
 higher production costs are limited in an open economy. Moreover, the
 results also show that the brunt of the adjustment resulting from an
 isolated approach towards hazardous waste management will have to be borne
 by black workers. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 169-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041884 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041884 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:169-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darma Mahadea 
Author-X-Name-First: Darma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahadea 
Title: Similarities and differences between male and female entrepreneurial attributes in manufacturing firms in the informal sector in the Transkei 
Abstract:
  Although South Africa has consistently registered positive economic
 growth rates since the democratic government took office in 1994, there
 has been no surge in new formal sector jobs. The public and private
 sectors have been shedding labour in response to economic imperatives of
 the domestic and global circumstances. Accordingly, more and more people
 are taking the route to informal sector entrepreneurship. Traditionally
 more men than women ventured into business; currently an increasing number
 of females are turning to self-employment. However, much that is known
 about business individuals is based on studies of male entrepreneurs. This
 article presents a comparative assessment of selected entrepreneurial
 attributes of male and female individuals engaged in informal sector
 manufacturing activities in the Transkei. Data were collected by means of
 a questionnaire administered to a sample of 80 micro-entrepreneurs in four
 urban centres. This study shows that the general entrepreneurial
 tendencies of the surveyed male and female micro-entrepreneurs are more
 similar than they are different. However, differences exist in value
 adding and job creation between the two groups. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 189-199 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041893 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041893 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:189-199




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Ngwane 
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwane 
Author-Name: Venkata Yadavalli 
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yadavalli 
Author-Name: Francois Steffens 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steffens 
Title: Poverty in South Africa - a statistical analysis 
Abstract:
  Poverty is one of the major challenges facing democratic South Africa.
 This article focuses on poverty in South Africa, using the Income and
 Expenditure Survey conducted in 1995 by Statistics South Africa (formerly
 the Central Statistical Service). In the first part, different approaches
 that can be followed in the measurement of poverty are discussed. In the
 second part, Sen's approach to the measurement of poverty and the
 Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) technique have been
 used to analyse the above data. CHAID is used to explore the relationship
 between the poverty status of the household (ie poor or non-poor) and
 other household characteristics. These variables can then be used as
 predictors of poverty status. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 201-215 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350123638 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350123638 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:201-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie M&#xf8;ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: M&#xf8;ller 
Title: Monitoring quality of life in cities: The Durban case 
Abstract:
  South Africans were promised a better life for all in the run-up to the
 first democratic elections in 1994. Local governments throughout South
 Africa are seeking to improve service delivery to underdeveloped areas in
 line with the new policy. The seven councils of the Durban Metropolitan
 Area have a vision for the city, to be realised by the year 2015, that
 residents will live in acceptably serviced housing and will enjoy a
 generally high quality of life that can be sustained. To monitor
 performance towards achieving this vision, the Urban Strategy Department
 of the Durban Metropolitan Council initiated a project to guide budget
 allocations and measure the impact of local government actions on
 residents' perceptions of quality of life. This article reports on results
 from the pilot study for the project, which included a sample survey of
 300 residents and in-depth interviews with a cross-section of 60
 residents. The baseline study revealed vast differences in living
 conditions, access to services and life satisfaction across
 neighbourhoods. Satisfaction with housing and the neighbourhood, as
 indicated by disinclination to move, were major factors contributing to
 life satisfaction of Durban residents. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 217-238 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041910 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041910 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:217-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonja Kruger 
Author-X-Name-First: Sonja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger 
Author-Name: Riaan Verster 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verster 
Title: An appraisal of the Vulamehlo Handcraft Project 
Abstract:
  The sale of Zulu handcrafts from the Spioenkop Nature Reserve curio shop
 was a project initiated by the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service
 to improve the social and economic status of the women of a neighbouring
 community and thereby address the Neighbour Relations Policy of the
 organisation. This initiative was deemed viable by the women who all
 needed an additional income. Through collaboration, the project was
 implemented successfully in a way that gave the women access to resources
 within the reserve in order to make craft items which were then sold on
 their behalf. Responses to structured interviews with the women suggest
 that the project has addressed the social needs of the community by
 providing several non-tangible benefits. Although the economic benefits
 from craft item sales were minimal in terms of the average income per
 person, they were significant to the most committed project members and
 were deemed significant by all the women who now had disposable cash. The
 economic viability of the project could be improved by sourcing additional
 outlets for sales of craft items, and the women would be able to meet an
 increase in the demand for these items. The predicted increase in the flow
 of tourism in the uThukela region, together with improved marketing
 strategies, will provide opportunities for future local markets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 239-252 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/037/68350120041938 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/037/68350120041938 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:2:p:239-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Author-Name: Philip Serumaga-Zake 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-Zake 
Title: An analysis of the determinants of labour force participation and unemployment in South Africa's North-West province 
Abstract:
  This article uses a probit model to estimate the determinants of labour
 force participation and unemployment in South Africa's North-West
 province. Data from three surveys are used, namely the 1993 Saldru survey,
 the 1995 CSS (now Statistics SA) survey and a survey conducted in 1997 by
 the authors. It finds that gender, location (rural or urban), education
 level, and family structure and relations are significant determinants of
 unemployment in the province. Because the North-West is a rural province,
 the results are indicative of the unemployment challenges in South
 Africa's rural areas. Thus, unless job creation initiatives have a
 specific rural and gender (female) bias, rural unemployment in South
 Africa may not be significantly reduced. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 261-278 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120041929 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120041929 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:261-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thembela Kepe 
Author-X-Name-First: Thembela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe 
Title: Clearing the ground in the Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs): Analysing 'process' on South Africa's Wild Coast 
Abstract:
  This article, which is based on a case study of the Wild Coast in the
 Eastern Cape, explores the challenges that confront the implementation of
 SDI projects. It is argued that, in order to encourage active
 participation of potential beneficiaries in such projects, 'the ground has
 to be cleared', which necessitates the delineation of the core social
 dynamics that go hand in hand with the technical aspects of the inputs and
 outputs of such projects. The two areas in which the SDI fell short of
 achieving its main objectives, and which this article seeks to address,
 are the communication and the conflict management strategies. The
 perception that local social dynamics are seen as a problem rather than as
 part of a dynamic process of development requires fresh assessment. In
 conclusion, emphasis should be placed on human resources, patience and
 willingness to learn about local dynamics, in addition to the great
 financial commitment in the project cycle. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 279-293 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120069956 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120069956 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:279-293




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Graham 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham 
Author-Name: Mark AgDarroch 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: AgDarroch 
Title: Relationship between the mode of land redistribution, tenure security and agricultural credit use in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Data collected from interviews with new landowners in KwaZulu-Natal in
 1999 show that households on four government-assisted projects had less
 tenure security than households that acquired land via private
 transactions. Households in government-assisted projects also used less
 agricultural credit and had less liquidity and less wealth. The
 probability of households using agricultural credit increased with more
 secure tenure, more household wealth (number of durable goods), higher
 liquidity and higher levels of household education. It is recommended that
 more emphasis be placed on redistributing land through the private market
 and encouraging the creation of management committees or joint enterprises
 to utilise the land settled by large groups of beneficiaries. This would
 be a first step towards making tenure more secure, most notably in the
 government land reform projects. More secure tenure would improve the
 creditworthiness of emerging farmers, thereby creating incentives for
 investing in improvements and complementary inputs to raise agricultural
 performance. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 295-308 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120069965 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120069965 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:295-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Mbata 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbata 
Title: Determinants of animal traction adoption in traditional agriculture: An application of the multivariate probit procedure to the case of Lesotho 
Abstract:
  This study identifies the socio-economic factors responsible for the
 adoption of animal traction in the Maseru district, Lesotho. Data for the
 study were obtained from a cross-section of farmers, using a two-stage
 random sampling technique to purposively select both adopters and
 nonadopters of animal traction technology. The probit model was employed
 to analyse the data, using the maximum likelihood estimation technique to
 identify quantifiably the effects of selected variables on animal traction
 adoption in the study area. The results of the study indicate that the
 adoption of animal traction in the area of study is equally sensitive to
 both sociological and economic factors, the most significant being the
 number of work animals and farm income, respectively. It is specifically
 recommended, among other things, that efforts be made to advance credit to
 poor farmers as a motivation towards increased animal traction adoption.
 This would increase farm output and income in the study area in
 particular, and in other areas with similar agro-ecological and
 institutional conditions that might be contemplating introducing this
 particular technology. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 309-325 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120069983 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120069983 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:309-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solomon Yirenkyi-Boateng 
Author-X-Name-First: Solomon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yirenkyi-Boateng 
Title: Rural afforestation programmes for sustainable rural development: How realist conceptualisation can help 
Abstract:
  The role of conceptualisation in influencing the development process is
 the theme of this article, which demonstrates how poverty has forced rural
 households to exhaust their forestry resources at the expense of the
 long-term sustainable development of the broader communities concerned.
 The article stresses that the dilemma and contradictions of creating
 deforestation problems in order to develop can only be overcome by
 empowering the communities concerned to reverse the deforestation process
 through afforestation. Using a judicious blend of theory and empirical
 material, the article demonstrates that the realist method of rational
 abstraction has an important role to play in identifying the relevant
 variables that need to interact with the forestry sector to achieve
 sustainable development. The overall thrust of the article is that
 concrete development practices are intrinsically incomplete if not linked
 to a conception of sustainable development as a critical theory. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 327-346 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120070008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120070008 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:327-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre Matungul 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matungul 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Author-Name: Gerald Ortmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann 
Title: Transaction costs and crop marketing in the communal areas of Impendle and Swayimana, KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  High transaction costs are detrimental to the efficient operation or
 existence of markets for inputs and outputs. The cost of information and
 the costs associated with the search for trade partners, the distance to
 formal markets and contract enforcement are likely to influence the
 marketing of food crops. This study hypothesises that the level of income
 generated from food-crop sales by small-scale farmers in the Impendle and
 Swayimana districts of KwaZuluNatal is influenced by transaction costs and
 certain household and farm characteristics. Regression analysis shows that
 the depth of marketing methods is significantly influenced by transaction
 cost proxies, such as cooperation with large commercial farmers and
 ownership of means of transport. Results from a block-recursive regression
 analysis show that the level of crop income generated is determined by the
 depth of marketing methods, the size of allocated arable land and off-farm
 income. Households with lower transaction costs, sizeable allocated land
 and off-farm income can be expected to generate higher income from food
 crops. Investment in public goods such as roads, telecommunications and an
 efficient legal system (to uphold commercial contracts), as well as farmer
 support services (input supply, extension, marketing information and
 research), would probably raise farm and non-farm income by reducing
 transaction costs. This would increase the effective demand for locally
 produced goods and services, thus contributing to rural employment and
 livelihoods within rural communal areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 347-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120070017 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120070017 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:347-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabina Mahapa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahapa 
Author-Name: Mac Mashiri 
Author-X-Name-First: Mac 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mashiri 
Title: Social exclusion and rural transport: Gender aspects of a road improvement project in Tshitwe, Northern Province 
Abstract:
  This article presents a case for a reorientation of the way in which
 rural transport needs are perceived, planned and provided for, with a view
 to improved targeting of interventions, particularly with regard to
 addressing the mobility and accessibility needs of rural women. In
 addition, it seeks to critically appraise the sustainability of poverty
 alleviation properties attributed to the labour-based road works,
 especially in respect of their impact on women. It also explores the role
 that non-motorised modes of transport could play in reducing the transport
 burden of the Tshitwe community. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 365-376 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120070026 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120070026 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:365-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monde Ndandani 
Author-X-Name-First: Monde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndandani 
Title: Rural schools and educational technology: A case study of rural schools in the Molopo district, Mafikeng 
Abstract:
  This article examines the position and conditions of rural schools around
 Mafikeng (North-West Province, South Africa) with relation to the
 Technology Learning Area - a core component of Curriculum 2005. Technology
 Education (TE) has been undergirded by the launching of the Science and
 Technology Campaign by the national Ministry of Education at the
 introductory phase of Curriculum 2005. Given the well-known limitations on
 the capacity of rural schools to engage meaningfully and productively with
 both technological and science education, this pilot study investigates
 the pre-planning and strategising by relevant stakeholders. The article
 also focuses on the career aspirations of learners, and career guidance
 and expectations on the part of the teaching staff and parents, with
 reference to the acquisition of competencies in the Technology Learning
 Area by learners. Financial contributions by rural communities to school
 funds and security provisions for these schools which, it is envisaged,
 will house instructional materials for TE, are confronted and analysed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 377-393 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120070035 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120070035 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:3:p:377-393




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Title: Resource shifts in South African schools after the political transition 
Abstract:
  Although racial data are no longer available, this article uses a 1997
 dataset to compare education spending with the pre-democracy situation.
 The new government emphasised fiscal resource shifts to eliminate spending
 discrimination rather than changing educational outcomes. Fiscal resource
 shifts in education and increased education spending were concentrated in
 formerly black schools. At the geographic level, non-metropolitan regions
 gained massively. Yet, as qualified teachers remain scarce in poorer
 schools, fiscal inequalities have remained, also among black schools. In
 addition, private resources have considerably supplemented the resources
 of affluent schools. The large spending shift was mainly a fiscal one
 (higher teacher salaries in poor schools), although real resource shifts
 (in pupil/teacher ratios) were not insubstantial. However, poor
 matriculation results indicate that additional resources, whether fiscal
 or real, were poorly translated into improved educational outcomes. As
 equity in education should be measured by equitable educational outcomes
 rather than equity in educational resource allocation, much work remains
 to be done. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 405-421 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120069974 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120069974 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:405-421




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesper Stage 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage 
Author-Name: Florette Fleermuys 
Author-X-Name-First: Florette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleermuys 
Title: Energy use in the Namibian economy from 1995 to 1998 
Abstract:
  As part of a natural resource accounting project being undertaken in
 Namibia, energy accounts have been compiled and are used to analyse energy
 use by different economic sectors. Households account for most energy use,
 especially of traditional fuels, and many households continue to rely on
 firewood even when they have access to electricity. A new paraffin tax was
 introduced in 1999, because it was believed that the price differential
 between diesel (which was already taxed) and paraffin encouraged
 substitution, but there is little indication that substitution was
 actually taking place. The policy goal of increasing mines' use of
 electricity at the expense of fossil fuels appears to have been met during
 the period studied, but this is entirely due to the problems of one mining
 company which is expected to resume operations shortly. The results also
 suggest that there is room for improved efficiency in energy use for water
 supply, and that instituting measures against theft and non-payment of
 electricity might save substantial amounts of electricity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 423-441 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120069992 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120069992 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:423-441




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melville Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Melville 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Author-Name: Andrea Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Author-Name: Juliet Rhodes 
Author-X-Name-First: Juliet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes 
Title: Domestic tourist spending and economic development: The case of the North West Province 
Abstract:
  Globally, tourism is the largest and fastest growing industry, outpacing
 all other industries. In South Africa, tourism is widely regarded as a
 growth catalyst, able to generate much-needed income and employment
 opportunities. The market potential of domestic tourism has, however, been
 downplayed in favour of international tourism. This research argues that
 tourism - especially domestic tourism - can contribute significantly to
 regional growth and development in South Africa. A survey was carried out
 among domestic tourists in the North West Province, one of the poorest
 provinces in South Africa. This survey was used to draw up a demographic
 and spending profile of the average domestic tourist in the province, and
 to determine the possible implications of this spending on different
 macroeconomic variables in the province. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 443-455 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083888 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083888 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:443-455




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Christopher 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christopher 
Title: First steps in the desegregation of South African towns and cities, 1991-6 
Abstract:
  South African towns and cities have begun the process of residential
 desegregation after the apartheid era. This article analyses the detailed
 enumeration tract results of the 1996 census to assess the extent to which
 this process has progressed. The resultant indices of intergroup
 dissimilarity suggest that the urban areas are still exceptionally highly
 segregated, indeed 'hypersegregated'. Furthermore, spatial desegregation
 is both group and place specific. Whites have desegregated more slowly
 than other groups, and integration between Africans and whites is
 extremely limited. Although there are some variations between places, the
 heritage of country-wide enforcement of urban apartheid has eliminated
 most regional differences. Nevertheless, segregation levels were usually
 significantly lower in KwaZulu-Natal than the other provinces.
 Furthermore, the national and provincial capitals do emerge as significant
 centres of desegregation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 457-469 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083897 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083897 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:457-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence Edwards 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards 
Title: Trade and the structure of South African production, 1984-97 
Abstract:
  With the onset of trade liberalisation, fears have been raised concerning
 the impact of trade on manufacturing output, employment and growth. Using
 an input-output methodology, this article decomposes South African output
 growth between 1984 and 1997 into final demand expansion, trade flows and
 technology. There are two main findings. First, trade liberalisation has
 not deindustrialised the manufacturing sector. Although import penetration
 has risen, export growth has matched and exceeded the potential
 import-induced losses in domestic production. South Africa's response thus
 conforms closely to international evidence. Secondly, a combination of
 strong growth in capital-intensive exports and import penetration in
 ultra-labour-intensive sectors has aided the structural shift in
 production towards capital-intensive sectors. However, capital-biased
 supply-side policies, as well as endemic problems within
 ultra-labour-intensive sectors, suggest that domestic factors and not
 trade liberalisation lie behind this shift. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 471-491 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083905 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083905 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:471-491




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Fedderke 
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fedderke 
Author-Name: John Kayemba 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayemba 
Author-Name: Simon Henderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson 
Author-Name: Martine Mariotti 
Author-X-Name-First: Martine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariotti 
Author-Name: Prabhat Vaze 
Author-X-Name-First: Prabhat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaze 
Title: Changing factor market conditions in South Africa: The capital market - a sectoral description of the period 1970-97 
Abstract:
  This article explores changing conditions in South African real capital
 markets. Noteworthy is the evidence of strong restructuring in this market
 during the 1990s. Whereas the 1970s and 1980s showed the best investment
 performance among primary commodity sectors and sectors with strong
 parastatal involvement, the highest investment rates of the 1990s have
 been associated with the manufacturing industry. We show that the real
 user cost of capital and capital productitivity contribute plausible
 determinants of investment rates in South Africa. The extent to which
 market forces are allowed to bring in line marginal cost and marginal
 return on capital appears to influence the sustainability of investment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 493-511 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083914 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083914 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:493-511




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanus PT Malan 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanus PT 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malan 
Title: Contributing to the African Renaissance vision: The role of South African higher education institutions 
Abstract:
  President Mbeki is emphasising the vision of an African Renaissance in
 many of his public addresses. Many multifaceted inputs are required to
 realise this vision, and human resources development is one of the
 cornerstones of this ideal. South African higher education institutions
 could play a major role in this quest by sharing their expertise to
 upgrade the scientific, economic and educational competencies of all
 people in Africa. Data analysis shows considerable potential for
 attracting students from Africa, especially from the Southern African
 Development Community, to study at South African institutions. Current
 initiatives for facilitating intellectual mobility across the country's
 borders lack vision, however. Academic exchange programmes in other
 countries could serve as models to kick-start the contributions of higher
 education institutions in South Africa in realising Mr Mbeki's vision for
 an African Renaissance. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 513-523 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083923 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083923 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:513-523




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zanele Mfono 
Author-X-Name-First: Zanele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mfono 
Title: The historical evolution of demographic data compilation, evaluation and use in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The compilation and evaluation of demographic data in South Africa have
 advanced over the years, despite a variety of socio-political constraints
 characterised by exclusions of entire population groups, poor cooperation
 in data compilation by individuals and inadequate institutional capacity
 for the compilation of data for the black population. Data compilation
 proceeded unevenly for the component racial population groups, and the use
 of demographic data was informed by separatist ideology. Supportive
 legislative measures were not responded to appropriately owing to
 political and social realities. The advent of democracy in South Africa in
 1994 opened new vistas and challenges for developments, based on a new
 ideological orientation and the foundations that were put in place over
 the years. Research and monitoring of progress in this area are now
 mandatory. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 525-535 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120083932 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120083932 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:4:p:525-535




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calogero Carletto 
Author-X-Name-First: Calogero 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carletto 
Author-Name: Charles Masangano 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masangano 
Author-Name: Gilles Bergeron 
Author-X-Name-First: Gilles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergeron 
Author-Name: Saul Morris 
Author-X-Name-First: Saul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris 
Title: Using group ratings to assess household food security: Empirical evidence from southern Africa 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the reliability and validity of household welfare
 rankings using the Group Ratings (GR) method. The GR aimed to measure the
 food security status of 142 households in seven villages in Malawi. Sets
 of informant groups rated households from their own community. Results
 show that the reliability of the method was no more than fair to moderate,
 and was particularly low for households falling in the middle category of
 'intermittently food insecure'. Consensus ratings from the GR sessions
 were then compared with a number of alternative indicators of food
 security from a quantitative household survey. GR were associated with the
 more visible aspects of food security, such as household asset and
 livestock holdings, but associations with less visible aspects of food
 security were weaker. The strength of these associations varied from
 village to village. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 541-552 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097423 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097423 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:541-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey Alwang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alwang 
Author-Name: Lire Ersado 
Author-X-Name-First: Lire 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ersado 
Author-Name: Nelson Taruvinga 
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga 
Title: Changes in poverty in Zimbabwe between 1990 and 1996: Worsening outcomes under adverse conditions 
Abstract:
  The article examines changes in poverty and sources of change in Zimbabwe
 between 1990 and 1996. Comparable national survey data are used for both
 periods. Findings indicate that levels of wellbeing and poverty worsened
 during the period, although there is some evidence that inequality is
 lower in the latter year. Rural poverty is more prevalent, severe and
 deeper than that in urban areas, but urban poverty grew dramatically
 during the period. Much of the growth of urban poverty is associated with
 economic restructuring and the failure of the urban economy to produce
 high-quality jobs. While the educational attainment of the urban
 population grew during the 1990s, secondary and higher levels of education
 were no longer a guarantee of escape from poverty in 1995/6. In rural
 areas, all land-use types exhibited an increase in poverty; these findings
 are robust to the welfare measure chosen. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 553-579 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097432 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097432 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:553-579




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charlie Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Author-Name: Sheona Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Author-Name: Ben Cousins 
Author-X-Name-First: Ben 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cousins 
Title: The role of land-based strategies in rural livelihoods: The contribution of arable production, animal husbandry and natural resource harvesting in communal areas in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The majority of South Africa's rural population resides in the former
 homelands. Although cash from urban and government sources is the mainstay
 of the rural economy in many areas, the multiple and diverse livelihood
 base of rural households is not widely recognised. This diversity includes
 the land-based strategies of arable farming, livestock husbandry and
 consumption and trade in natural resources. This article examines recent
 and emerging literature from a livelihood perspective in terms of the role
 and value of each of these three land-based livelihood sectors. We
 conclude that the contribution of land-based activities to rural
 livelihoods is important in both financial and social terms, and is
 probably greater than previously appreciated within the whole gamut of
 livelihood strategies adopted by rural households, including transfers
 from formal employment and state pensions. We examine the policy
 implications of this for land and agrarian reform in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 581-604 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097441 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097441 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:581-604




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Nel 
Author-X-Name-First: Heather 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel 
Title: A project management approach to the implementation of development programmes within the local government sphere: An empirical analysis 
Abstract:
  Local government constitutes that part of the public sector that is
 closest to the inhabitants and is therefore indispensable in its role of
 promoting their general welfare through, inter alia, undertaking various
 development initiatives. Furthermore, legislation imposes upon local
 authorities the obligation to promote the social and economic development
 of local communities and to participate in implementing national and
 provincial development programmes. The efficiency and effectiveness with
 which local government fulfils its developmental role will largely depend
 on the ability of local authorities to manage development projects. The
 purpose of this article is to investigate the application of a project
 management approach as a tool for implementing development programmes in
 the local government sphere. This is done by means of a comprehensive
 study of the relevant literature and empirical research based on a
 research questionnaire that was distributed among selected municipal
 officials in leadership posts throughout South Africa. The findings of the
 empirical study are utilised to make specific recommendations with respect
 to the application of a project management approach to service delivery
 and local government development initiatives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 605-624 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097450 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097450 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:605-624




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gareth Elliot 
Author-X-Name-First: Gareth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Elliot 
Author-Name: Geoff Harris 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris 
Title: A cost-benefit analysis of landmine clearance in Mozambique 
Abstract:
  After reviewing the nature and extent of the landmine problem in
 Mozambique, this article applies cost-benefit analysis to landmine
 clearance in that country. The main benefits of clearance are saved lives,
 injuries and medical costs and the agricultural output that is not lost if
 landmines are cleared. A very large negative net present value was
 estimated, a result explicable by the high costs of clearance, the
 relatively small number of people killed or injured by landmines and the
 low value of agricultural productivity per hectare. The article concludes
 with a discussion of the role of the economist in analysing such issues
 and suggests some alternative areas in which financial resources would
 provide a greater positive impact on the welfare of Mozambicans. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 625-633 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097469 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097469 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:625-633




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel Slater 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Slater 
Title: Urban agriculture, gender and empowerment: An alternative view 
Abstract:
  Studies of urban agriculture (UA) in South Africa, and more broadly in
 southern Africa, have drawn on quantitative research methodologies to
 explain the involvement in UA of people from low-income households. Such
 studies tend to explain UA with reference to the direct economic and
 monetary gains that are made through agricultural activity. In Cape Town,
 the contribution of UA to income generation and expenditure substitution
 is limited. However, UA is important to women of low-income households in
 ways less directly related to monetary gain. Women use UA in processes of
 empowerment, to establish social networks, to symbolise a sense of
 security and to encourage community development. Policy-makers should
 extend their perception of UA's benefits beyond narrow economistic notions
 to include these positive social effects. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 635-650 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097478 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097478 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:635-650




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Title: Who are the heads of household, what do they do, and is the concept of headship useful? An analysis of headship in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In most household surveys, headship is not defined by objective criteria
 but is self-identified by respondents. The first part of this article
 examines whether self-reported heads in South Africa are those household
 members in whom more control over decision-making is vested. Although the
 head is typically found to be the oldest household member, there is also a
 strong relationship between headship and the highest income-earner in the
 household. Furthermore, heads have final say over decisions even when they
 do not earn the most income. This is the case particularly in households
 headed by women. The second part of the article evaluates whether the
 gender of the head provides a useful marker for distinguishing between
 household types and their access to resources. Female- and male-headed
 households are not homogeneous groupings, and male-headed households are
 not equally advantaged. However, female-headed households in South Africa
 on average contain fewer income-earners, whose income is also lower, than
 male-headed households. Overall, therefore, households headed by women are
 considerably more likely to be economically vulnerable. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 651-670 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097487 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097487 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:651-670




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip AE Serumaga-Zake 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip AE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-Zake 
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Title: Labour market discrimination in the North West province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article provides an econometric estimate of labour market
 discrimination in the North West province of South Africa. Using data
 obtained from the October 1995 Household Survey, it was found that in 1995
 statistically significant gender discrimination exists against women in
 North West's labour market. The male discriminatory wage advantage of 127
 per cent and the female discriminatory disadvantage of 195 per cent were
 ascribed to the overrewarding and underrewarding of some personal
 characteristics of males and females, respectively. Productivity
 differentials of 40 per cent in favour of females and a premium paid to
 women measuring 71 per cent also exist. Discrimination explains 50 per
 cent of the wage gap between genders, while productivity differentials and
 the premium account for 13 and 37 per cent respectively. The study
 supports 'affirmative action' and suggests policies that aim to alter the
 occupational distributions, and these may need to target educational
 decisions made prior to labour market entry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 671-682 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2001 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097496 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350120097496 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:18:y:2001:i:5:p:671-682




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Cleverdon 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleverdon 
Title: Tourism development in the SADC region: The opportunities and challenges 
Abstract:
  This article presents an assessment of recent tourism performance in the
 countries of the Southern African Development Community region, as well as
 an evaluation of future prospects. It examines growth rates and source
 markets in developing a profile of current tourism to the region. It
 identifies and assesses the current and probable future impact of a range
 of issues and problems, which are serving either to help or hinder tourism
 development. It suggests necessary actions for facilitating the
 accelerated development of tourism. The article also analyses the
 countries' tourism development policies and their competitive standing
 with other parts of Africa and other world regions from the market's
 viewpoint. It evaluates future growth prospects for the region by relating
 these various strands of analysis to the assessments made in the World
 Tourism Organization's Tourism 2020 vision study. The conclusion is one of
 qualified optimism: the natural and sociocultural resources of the region
 match the growing tastes of the international tourism market but, without
 concerted action to improve international access and tackle the major
 (real and imagined) threats to tourist safety prevailing in the region,
 growth rates will continue to be below their potential. The region's
 physical remoteness from the military theatre of action consequent to the
 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States could well bring
 the countries of the SADC, and especially South Africa, some benefit from
 being perceived in tourist-generating markets as safe from these
 activities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 7-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123873 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123873 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:7-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: kirsten 
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Tourism, business linkages and small enterprise development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Although considerable attention is given to the prospects for developing
 small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa's tourism
 economy, very little relevant research has been undertaken in this regard.
 In this article, the findings are presented from over 60 detailed
 interviews conducted with key enterprises and entrepreneurs involved in
 tourism, outsourcing and small enterprise development in South Africa. The
 aim is to examine opportunities for outsourcing and business linkage
 development in South Africa's tourism economy, and to investigate the
 difficulties that confront the tourism SMME economy through examining the
 status of business linkages between large tourism enterprises and SMMEs in
 South Africa. The South African research is located within the context of
 existing works on tourism and small enterprise development in developing
 countries. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 29-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123882 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123882 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:29-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Ashley 
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashley 
Author-Name: Dilys Roe 
Author-X-Name-First: Dilys 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roe 
Title: Making tourism work for the poor: Strategies and challenges in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  This article analyses strategies for 'pro-poor tourism' (PPT), ie
 strategies that increase the benefits to poor people from tourism
 development. Based on an international review of six pro-poor tourism case
 studies, it outlines the wide range of pro-poor tourism strategies used
 and their impacts to date, with particular focus on southern African case
 studies. By analysing their progress, problems and the critical factors
 influencing them, the article identifies implications for the way forward.
 This review underpins four propositions. First, despite commercial
 constraints, much can be done to enhance the contribution of tourism to
 poverty reduction, and a 'PPT' perspective assists in this endeavour.
 Secondly, PPT strategies can, and should be, incorporated by all actors in
 tourism, whether in government or business, at local or policy level.
 Thirdly, a wide range of impacts on poor people, going well beyond jobs,
 need to be recognised and enhanced. Finally, PPT strategies are difficult,
 but particularly relevant in southern Africa given the challenges of
 economic and political transformation, as well as the opportunity to
 influence international discussions on 'sustainable tourism' at the World
 Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 61-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123855 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123855 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:61-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karin Mahony 
Author-X-Name-First: Karin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahony 
Author-Name: Jurgens Van Zyl 
Author-X-Name-First: Jurgens 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Zyl 
Title: The impacts of tourism investment on rural communities: Three case studies in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Significant research, both locally and internationally, has been
 undertaken on tourism development and its impacts on the empowerment of
 rural communities. This article analyses the extent to which three tourism
 projects in South Africa, namely the Makuleke tourism initiative, Umngazi
 River Bungalows and the commercialisation of Manyeleti Game Reserve, have
 improved the livelihoods of rural communities and contributed to rural
 economic development. The projects are analysed in terms of both their
 economic and non-economic benefits, as well as their contribution towards
 the attainment of certain key policy objectives of the South African
 government. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 83-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123891 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123891 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:83-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helen Suich 
Author-X-Name-First: Helen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suich 
Title: Development of preliminary tourism satellite accounts for Namibia 
Abstract:
  In Namibia, as in many countries, reliable and accurate information
 regarding the economic impact of tourism has not been available. In an
 attempt to overcome this problem, a set of preliminary tourism satellite
 accounts for Namibia has been constructed using currently available data.
 Such accounts are designed to accurately determine the size and importance
 of the tourism industry within an economy. The accounts present
 information including the supply of, and expenditure on, tourism
 commodities, as well as gross value added of, and employment within, the
 tourism industry. The limitations of the data used are identified, and
 recommendations to improve both data quality and quantity are made.
 Opportunities to improve these accounts in the future and the importance
 of such accounts in policy making are outlined. The development of a
 comprehensive set of accounts is feasible, and the potential for their use
 in policy making and economic analysis is great. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 105-121 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123936 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123936 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:105-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daneswar Poonyth 
Author-X-Name-First: Daneswar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Poonyth 
Author-Name: Jonathan Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: Helen Suich 
Author-X-Name-First: Helen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suich 
Author-Name: Mokgadi Monamati 
Author-X-Name-First: Mokgadi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Monamati 
Title: Satellite and resource accounting as tools for tourism planning in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  The potential for improvements to tourism planning through development of
 tourism satellite accounts (TSAs) to measure economic activity, and
 tourism asset resource accounts (TARAs) to measure the natural asset base,
 was studied in southern Africa. It was concluded that economic efficiency
 in tourism development would be enhanced if all the countries pursue plans
 to develop TSA, TARA and economic models for tourism planning. Basic TSA,
 including consumption, production, supply and use, employment and capital
 tables are required. TSA development should take place step by step, with
 specific data collection surveys and agreements between the stakeholders.
 Surveys should be focused on both tourists and the suppliers of tourism
 products, and should be carried out by central tourism agencies in
 collaboration with national accounting agencies. TARAs should involve both
 physical accounts for specific resources, such as water or wildlife, as
 well as land accounts for general tourism activity and potential. TSAs and
 TARAs should be integrated with input-output/social accounting matrix
 modelling tools. Countries should match the rigour of their TSA and TARA
 development with their anticipated capacity for analysis and planning.
 Donors could assist in the process, especially in a regional context. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 123-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123909 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123909 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:123-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Tourism and local economic development: The case of the Highlands Meander 
Abstract:
  Local economic development (LED) planning is of major policy importance
 in post-apartheid South Africa. Although issues surrounding LED have
 attracted considerable policy attention, one neglected theme has been the
 role of tourism as a lead sector for LED. The aim of this article is to
 examine the planning and workings of one tourism-led LED initiative in
 South Africa. The case study is that of the Highlands Meander in
 Mpumalanga province, where five towns are collaborating in their LED
 initiatives in order to promote the area's tourism products. A key finding
 is that this growing tourism initiative is currently not benefiting local
 black communities. Recommendations are offered for developing a pro-poor
 tourism initiative. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 143-167 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123918 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123918 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:143-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Urban tourism in the developing world: The case of Johannesburg 
Abstract:
  Urban tourism has attracted a growing literature in the context of cities
 in the developed world. In this article, the role of urban tourism is
 explored in the developing world setting of Johannesburg. As in the case
 of the developed world, in Johannesburg the promotion of urban tourism is
 linked to economic regeneration and urban economic development.
 Johannesburg's tourism economy exhibits distinct geographical and sectoral
 clustering, with business tourism being the most vibrant subsector for
 tourism development. New development initiatives by both provincial and
 local government are seeking to further enhance the role of tourism in
 Johannesburg's economic development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 169-190 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123927 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123927 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:169-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: France Bourgouin 
Author-X-Name-First: France 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bourgouin 
Title: Information communication technologies and the potential for rural tourism SMME development: The case of the Wild Coast 
Abstract:
  This article explores how information communication technologies (ICTs)
 can help tourismbased small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) address
 their constraints to growth and development in rural South Africa. More
 specifically, it reports on research conducted in the Wild Coast region of
 the Eastern Cape province focussed on the constraints, and related
 information needs affecting the success of rural SMMEs operating in the
 tourism industry, and explores how ICTs might address these limitations.
 Within the context of the constraints faced by rural SMMEs, this article
 examines the information needs and current patterns of communication that
 impact on the development of the sector, the nature of tourism SMMEs in
 the case study area, and the potential use of ICTs to support
 tourism-based SMME development in rural areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 191-212 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220123864 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220123864 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:1:p:191-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raewyn Peart 
Author-X-Name-First: Raewyn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peart 
Title: A survey of the adoption of cleaner technology by South African firms 
Abstract:
  South African firms have been slow to adopt cleaner technologies, and
 little research on this topic has been carried out in South Africa. This
 article reports on the results of a survey of 26 firms in South Africa
 that had recently adopted cleaner technology. The survey results indicate
 that market-led factors are seen as the most significant in prompting
 firms to adopt cleaner technologies. Proactive market factors, such as
 obtaining a competitive edge and taking advantage of a market opportunity,
 are rated highest. The results suggest that the adoption of cleaner
 technology in South Africa is often a 'win-win' situation in which firms
 and the environment both benefit. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 221-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132459 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132459 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:221-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lennart Petersson 
Author-X-Name-First: Lennart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersson 
Title: Integration and intra-industry trade adjustment in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article analyses intra-industry trade adjustment by the Southern
 African Customs Union after 1994, and links between trade liberalisation
 and employment are examined. The traditional Grubel-Lloyd index is
 complemented by marginal inter- and intra-industry trade measures, and
 trade expansion of sectors is scaled, related to change in total exports
 and imports. In three different empirical approaches, large differences
 are found: in the level of intra-industry trade (IIT) between different
 sectors (categorised into resource-based, labour-intensive,
 scale-intensive and differentiated industries); in the level of IIT of
 individual sectors in trade with the SADC6, the European Union and the
 rest of the world; and in the economic significance of trade expansion for
 different industries and with different trading partners. Trade expansion
 is dominated by differentiated and scale-intensive industries, indicating
 that the main economic gain of international integration is found in the
 opportunity to exploit economies of scale in a larger market. IIT and
 marginal IIT are positively related to increases in labour productivity,
 and negatively related to employment change. Interindustry trade and both
 export and import expansions are positively related to employment gain,
 but only export is positively related to increased labour productivity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 239-259 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132468 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132468 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:239-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Barry 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barry 
Author-Name: Lani Roux 
Author-X-Name-First: Lani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roux 
Author-Name: Glynnis Barodien 
Author-X-Name-First: Glynnis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barodien 
Author-Name: Ian Bishop 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bishop 
Title: Video evidencing and palmtop computer technology to support the formalisation of land rights 
Abstract:
  Technology can be used to improve the legitimacy, accuracy and currency
 of land tenure information in urban informal settlements, site-and-service
 schemes and rural land restitution cases. Video images of landholders
 providing testimony as to their rights, interests and obligations
 regarding land, and palmtop computers using icon-based graphic interfaces,
 are two such technologies. Video imaging has the advantage that
 respondents can describe unusual situations in the tenure system on camera
 that might not normally be recorded in a written document, and thus
 improve the completeness of the record. Palmtop computers that can be used
 by community members to collect socio-economic data are one of many tools
 that enable a community to work in partnership with the land
 administration authorities to improve the quality of land records. This
 article describes pilot studies of how video images were integrated into a
 geographic information system with spatially referenced socio-economic
 data collected with a palmtop computer linked to a hand-held Garmin II
 Plus receiver. These studies were conducted as a part of a research
 programme in land tenure and cadastral systems in a rural community and an
 urban informal settlement. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 261-271 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132477 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132477 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:261-271




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elin Torell 
Author-X-Name-First: Elin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Torell 
Title: From past to present: The historical context of environmental and coastal management in Tanzania 
Abstract:
  This article explores how the history of environmental management in
 Tanzania has created barriers to and bridges for sustainable environmental
 management at present. It contributes to an understanding of historical
 events that have shaped decision-making structures, management practices
 and social capital as they relate to the objectives of environmental
 management. What environmental management means for Tanzania has evolved
 significantly, but it is argued that certain key features, such as the
 combination of a strong deliberative tradition among peers, and a highly
 hierarchical decision-making structure between central and local
 governments, have been sustained over time. These findings were generated
 from interviews with Tanzanian environmental managers, as well as a survey
 of contextual barriers to and bridges for environmental management
 completed by coastal resource managers in early 2000. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 273-288 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132486 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132486 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:273-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Author-Name: Louise Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Louise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Author-Name: Neil le Roux 
Author-X-Name-First: Neil le 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roux 
Title: Differentiation in black education 
Abstract:
  Based on a graphical and statistical analysis of 1993 survey data, this
 article shows that educational inequalities among black school-age
 children were substantial and systematically associated with
 socio-economic status. Children of more affluent, better educated and
 metropolitan parents progressed better in schools, thus attaining higher
 levels of education, and also outperformed others who had progressed as
 far in terms of cognitive outcomes (measured by literacy and numeracy test
 scores). Thus, educational inequalities may become enduring, as the
 ability to benefit from education is usually transmitted across
 generations (better educated individuals obtain better jobs, and their
 children are again better educated). The abysmal educational quality of
 the largest part of the school system therefore has to be improved
 drastically, to allow poor children to overcome their socio-economic
 deficits and to benefit from education. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-306 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132495 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132495 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:289-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wiseman Chijere Chirwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Wiseman Chijere 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirwa 
Title: Land use and extension services at Wovwe Rice Scheme, Malawi 
Abstract:
  Over the last one-and-half decades Malawi has experienced frequent food
 shortages due to droughts, the effects of the influx of refugees from
 neighbouring Mozambique, and official policies that emphasised
 export-oriented cash crop production. To enhance the country's food
 security, and to give increased opportunities to small farmers, there has
 been a shift to small-scale irrigation schemes in selected areas of the
 country. Evidence from a rice scheme in the northern part of the country
 suggests that small-scale irrigated operations are characterised by high
 turnover rates, seasonal variations in patronage, under-utilisation of the
 key facilities provided, and incessant political tensions. They create
 fissures in the social structures and in the traditional farming systems.
 This article thus concludes that small-scale irrigated schemes cannot be
 regarded simplistically as a panacea to food security and increased
 agricultural production at the local community levels. The argument that
 the small operations result in the fast delivery of services may also be
 exaggerated. In fact, they are quite bureaucratic, and associated with the
 state's patronising attitude and control of resources. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-327 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350020013543 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350020013543 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:307-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sharon Biermann 
Author-X-Name-First: Sharon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Biermann 
Author-Name: Martin Landre 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landre 
Title: The utilisation of engineering services bulk infrastructure components in integrated development planning 
Abstract:
  In practice, infrastructure planning has generally tended to follow
 land-use planning, with infrastructure costs seeming to play no role in
 the generation of land-use strategies. To address this problem, a bulk
 infrastructure cost model has been developed to provide a tool for
 planners to ensure the incorporation of bulk infrastructure capacity and
 cost considerations into the early, land suitability assessment phase of
 the integrated development planning process. The output of the model is in
 the form of potential cost contours, which facilitates the relative
 comparison of infrastructure costs for different density scenarios. Bulk
 engineering services infrastructure relating to water, sanitation and
 electricity has been included in the model. The theoretical underpinning
 of the model is threshold analysis, and the three essential elements are
 threshold, density and cost. They are incorporated into the model through
 capacity analysis. The set density levels convert into the number of
 additional person units required which, in turn, is translated into
 infrastructure capacity demand. Existing infrastructure network and
 facility design capacities are compared with the current utilisation of
 infrastructure in order to quantify the capacity supply situation. The
 comparison of capacity demand with capacity supply determines whether or
 not additional infrastructure is required. If infrastructure is required,
 the required infrastructure investment is calculated. The resulting
 relative costs are mapped and incorporated into a wider land suitability
 assessment model. Infrastructure costs vary with location according to
 local land use, geotechnical, environmental and built conditions, making
 the role of the geographic information system in the model appropriate and
 important. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 329-355 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220132512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220132512 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:2:p:329-355




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Goldblatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Mike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldblatt 
Author-Name: Glynn Davies 
Author-X-Name-First: Glynn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies 
Title: Water, energy and sustainable economic development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The interaction between macroeconomics and sustainable development is
 important to all countries. This relationship is of particular concern to
 developing countries where the economic and natural resource bases are
 often more closely intertwined than in industrialised nations. A research
 programme for investigating these issues in South Africa was initiated by
 the Macroeconomics Programme Office of the World Wide Fund for Nature
 (Washington, DC, USA), funded with a grant from GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft
 fur Technische Zusammenarbeit). It was carried out by a number of local
 research teams under the guidance of a broad steering committee and under
 the management of the Development Bank of Southern Africa. For the
 purposes of a manageable research project, two areas were selected where
 the South African economy and environment strongly interact - water and
 energy - together with a number of important economic sectors that use
 water and energy as key inputs in their production processes. The research
 examined macroeconomic and environmental interactions in these complexes
 of sectors, with particular emphasis on the effects of changing pricing
 and regulatory regimes for water and energy. This article presents and
 discusses first the analytical framework, followed by the results in each
 sector, and closes with some general policy conclusions with regard to the
 macroeconomy and the environment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 369-387 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220150170 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220150170 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:3:p:369-387




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kassim Kulindwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Kassim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulindwa 
Title: Economic reforms and the prospect for sustainable development in Tanzania 
Abstract:
  The objective of the Macroeconomic Reforms and Sustainable Development in
 Southern Africa project was to facilitate the attainment of sustainable
 development objectives agreed at the United Nations' Earth Summit held in
 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, in which Tanzania participated. The
 two natural resource-based sectors of tourism and mining were chosen for
 analysis. Despite the difficulty of linking policy explicitly to
 particular economic activity performance, macroeconomic indicators show
 that economic policies stimulated economic activity resulting in, among
 other things, a significant increase in economic growth, declining
 inflation, declining deficits, and an increase in tax revenue collection.
 The mining and tourism sectors' share of GDP increased significantly, and
 both sectors have contributed greatly to employment generation. However,
 these economic gains have come at the cost of environmental degradation,
 social hardship and the breakdown of social norms and values. Such results
 indicate that the country is not yet on a sustainable development path.
 While good policies exist and are being improved, there has been a failure
 of policy implementation over the years. With good policies, appropriate
 integrative strategies, commitment and political will, the country may
 attain a sustainable development path. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 389-403 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220150189 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220150189 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:3:p:389-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guy Scott 
Author-X-Name-First: Guy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scott 
Title: Zambia: Structural adjustment, rural livelihoods and sustainable development 
Abstract:
  This presents, in concise form, some of the main findings of the Zambian
 component of a study carried out in four African countries between 1997
 and 2000. A political economy approach is used to examine the interaction
 between segments of government, donors, the private sector, and rural
 communities, both historically and in recent times. It is found that the
 structural adjustment framework adopted in 1989 has modified the interplay
 of forces contending for control over natural resources, but not to the
 benefit of rural communities and the poor in general. Some recommendations
 are advanced for policy review, changes in administration, and legislative
 change. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 405-418 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220150198 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220150198 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:3:p:405-418




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramos Mabugu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ramos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabugu 
Title: Short-term effects of policy reform on tourism and the macroeconomy in Zimbabwe: Applied CGE analysis 
Abstract:
  This article applies a short-term computable general equilibrium model
 for Zimbabwe to trace the direct and indirect effects of policy on the
 macroeconomy and tourism. The results show that the main reason why
 benefits from tourism are bypassing the country is because of poorly
 sequenced macroeconomic policies and a negative political climate. As and
 when the national political situation stabilises and the economy begins to
 grow again, an urgent macroeconomic thrust should be to implement a
 credible macroeconomic stabilisation programme, consisting in the main of
 reduced fiscal deficits, flexible foreign exchange markets and tight
 monetary policies to rein in inflation. However, because Zimbabwe is in
 arrears, there can be no programmes or lending with the International
 Monetary Fund and World Bank. Getting the budget in order without aid
 money will be very tough indeed, and the alternative is worse. It means
 debt deflation by means of hyperinflation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 419-430 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350220150206 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350220150206 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:3:p:419-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Wocke 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wocke 
Author-Name: Saul Klein 
Author-X-Name-First: Saul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein 
Title: The implications of South Africa's skills migration policy for country competitiveness 
Abstract:
  South Africa suffers from a shortage of skills, while at the same time
 having an excess of unskilled labour. The brain drain and the impact of
 HIV/Aids are threats to the current skills level in the labour force.
 Skilled workers generally create jobs for unskilled workers, and the level
 of skills in the labour force is an attraction for foreign investment. The
 new international migration policy imposes financial penalties and other
 restrictions on employers of foreigners with skills. The policy is
 detrimental to South Africa's competitiveness in the global economy and
 will deter investors and those needing to utilise skills not available in
 the South African labour market. A general immigration policy would be
 more appropriate to attract skilled foreigners to South Africa, where
 their skills can be absorbed into the labour force by supply and demand
 forces. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 441-454 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019464 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019464 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:441-454




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olusola Olufemi 
Author-X-Name-First: Olusola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olufemi 
Title: Barriers that disconnect homeless people and make homelessness difficult to interpret 
Abstract:
  Homes are anchors of human life--whether they are permanent or temporary,
 are located in one place or are transported from place to place, are owned
 or rented, or are in planned communities or squatter settlements
 (Alterman, I., 1993 . In Arias E G (Ed.), The meaning on use of housing:
 international perspectives, approaches and their applications. London:
 Avebury, ixx ). This article discusses the definition, meaning and
 interpretation of 'home' and 'homelessness' based on theoretical
 constructs and homeless street people's perspective. It discusses the
 barriers that make homelessness difficult to interpret, such as negative,
 rejecting and unsympathetic perceptions versus positive, accepting and
 sympathetic perceptions. The article argues that the meaning and
 definition of 'home' or 'homelessness' should be contextualised within the
 broader issues of poverty, deprivation, socio-economic exclusion and, more
 recently, HIV/Aids. Furthermore, breaking down the barriers of labelling
 and stigmatisation of the homeless people will allow for a 'real' meaning
 and definition of home and homelessness. Any intervention with regard to
 homelessness must take cognisance of homeless people's perceptions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 455-466 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019455 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019455 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:455-466




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Walker 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker 
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass 
Title: 'Don't owe, won't pay!': A critical analysis of the Jubilee SA position on South African government debt 
Abstract:
  Jubilee 2000 (SA) supports the cancellation of South African national
 government (and other) debt on the grounds that it is odious debt from the
 apartheid years. The organisation has called for foreign creditors to
 cancel the debt voluntarily and has threatened to call for debt
 repudiation if such cancellation is not forthcoming. However, unlike
 voluntary debt cancellation, debt repudiation would probably have serious
 consequences for investment and growth. Furthermore, as most government
 debt has accumulated after the end of apartheid, and as most is domestic
 and marketable, the moral argument for repudiation is problematic. Jubilee
 2000 (SA) is also calling for the government pension scheme (which owns a
 large proportion of the domestic government debt) to be restructured.
 Contributions to the pension fund may be excessive (as argued by Jubilee
 2000), but the case is not clear. South Africa should publish a dual set
 of accounts in line with how other countries report their liabilities so
 as not to overstate the deficit in the eyes of investors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 467-481 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019446 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019446 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:467-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leanne Scott 
Author-X-Name-First: Leanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scott 
Title: A poverty indicator system for local government 
Abstract:
  This article looks at the implications of using indicators (such as
 poverty levels, housing levels, access to services, employment rates,
 etc.) as part of a democratic and accountable process of local governance.
 It is argued that underlying the advocacy of particular indicators of
 poverty are different models of poverty and of governance. Some popular
 schools of thought on poverty are examined in terms of both models and
 measurement (indicators). A framework is proposed for developing
 indicators, and a set of housing indicators inspired by the United
 Nations' Urban Indicators Programme is considered using this framework. It
 is suggested that the current approach to developing indicators in South
 Africa is not integrated or coherent because it lacks grounding in an
 explicit and defensible model of poverty. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 483-501 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019437 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019437 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:483-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Kurt Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Title: Linking agribusiness and small-scale farmers in developing countries: Is there a new role for contract farming? 
Abstract:
  This article examines a new role for contract farming in developing
 countries in the light of the industrialisation of agriculture and the
 globalisation of world markets. A theoretical rationale for contracting in
 developing countries is developed on the basis of adopting new
 institutional economic theory for the purpose of matching governance forms
 to market failure problems and transaction characteristics. The history of
 contract farming is reviewed, together with the advantages and
 disadvantages to the various players, for the purpose of developing a list
 of key success factors, problems and some possible solutions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 503-529 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019428 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019428 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:503-529




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boyboy Motloung 
Author-X-Name-First: Boyboy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motloung 
Author-Name: Ronald Mears 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mears 
Title: Combating poverty in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The successful and peaceful political transition in South Africa is
 regarded as a great accomplishment for its people. Unfortunately,
 democracy was not accompanied by economic growth and policies that could
 lead to a meaningful quality of life and an acceptable standard of living
 for all the country's citizens. There is a need for South Africa to
 reconcile the expectations resulting from the achievement of democracy
 with the realities of both the problems and the potential of the economy.
 As South Africa attempts to alleviate poverty through development, it is
 essential to balance the ever-increasing and often competing demands
 against limited natural resources. This article formulates some policies
 and programmes designed to combat poverty at its source. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-543 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019419 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019419 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:531-543




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Ngwane 
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwane 
Author-Name: Venkata Yadavalli 
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yadavalli 
Author-Name: Francois Steffens 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steffens 
Title: Poverty: Deprivations in terms of basic needs 
Abstract:
  Although income-based poverty focuses on an important dimension of
 poverty, it only gives a partial picture of the many ways in which human
 lives can be blighted. This study focuses on deprivations in terms of the
 most basic needs, such as access to safe water and sanitation. Policy
 makers and other people usually ask, 'With the new government in place,
 has poverty become worse or are we winning the fight against poverty?' The
 study seeks to investigate if there have been improvements in the
 situation in South Africa between 1995 and 1999. The October Household
 Surveys conducted in 1995 and 1999 are used in the study. The t-test is
 used to assess the statistical significance of the changes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 545-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019400 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019400 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:545-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Serumaga-Zake 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-Zake 
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Title: The determinants of rural and urban household poverty in the North West province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  Based on standard poverty measures, the extent of poverty in the North
 West province is on average worse than in South Africa. For instance, the
 poverty gap ratio for North West is twice that of the South African
 average, and the FGT index is three times as high. This article therefore
 aims to identify the determinants of rural and urban poverty in the North
 West province of South Africa. Using data gathered from a survey of 593
 black households across the province, probit model estimates suggest that
 the major significant determinants of household poverty in both rural and
 urban areas are education and household size. A difference between rural
 and urban poverty is, first, that extra female adults in a rural household
 raise the probability of poverty. Secondly, having a migrant (out) worker
 as head of the household in rural areas lowers the probability of poverty,
 while this does not apply to urban households. A sensitivity analysis for
 the robustness of the results over a range of poverty lines reveals that
 the impact of education is much stronger for poorer households than for
 more wealthy households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 561-572 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019392 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019392 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:561-572




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Haines 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haines 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: Unemployment, marginalisation and survival in Greater East London 
Abstract:
  This article draws on selected findings of one of a series of surveys
 conducted by the authors in the Eastern Cape province, dealing broadly
 with labour market issues. Particular attention is accorded to levels of
 unemployment, the extent of migrancy, the operation of extended networks
 of support, and survival strategies. This is followed by a brief look at
 perceptions of crime, and the extent to which crime is seen as an
 effective survival mechanism by the most marginalised. It is concluded
 that economic reconstruction in the province should take account of
 certain prevailing realities, including the operation of extended networks
 of support and the relative lack of mobility of the most marginalised, the
 limited capacity of the informal sector to absorb further numbers of the
 structurally unemployed, and the relative propensity of the most
 marginalised to engage in crime as a survival strategy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 573-581 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000019392a 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000019392a 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:4:p:573-581




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mashupye Ratale Kgaphola 
Author-X-Name-First: Mashupye Ratale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kgaphola 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 591-591 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835022000051567 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835022000051567 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:591-591




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harald Winkler 
Author-X-Name-First: Harald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Winkler 
Author-Name: Randall Spalding-Fecher 
Author-X-Name-First: Randall 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spalding-Fecher 
Author-Name: Lwazikazi Tyani 
Author-X-Name-First: Lwazikazi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tyani 
Author-Name: Khorommbi Matibe 
Author-X-Name-First: Khorommbi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matibe 
Title: Cost-benefit analysis of energy efficiency in urban low-cost housing 
Abstract:
  This cost-benefit analysis study considered energy-efficiency measures in
 low-cost housing, primarily standard 30 m 2 Reconstruction and Development
 Programme (RDP) houses. The three packages of interventions that improve
 the thermal performance of the houses (ceilings, roof and wall insulation,
 windows and partitions) were found to be economically attractive both from
 a national and a household perspective. The net benefits from the whole
 package for a standard RDP home is about 10 per cent of the value of the
 housing subsidy provided by the government. The same interventions applied
 to informal housing appear more costly because the lifespan of shacks is
 taken to be five years. Row houses are particularly attractive, although
 their social acceptability requires further study. Compact fluorescent
 lamps and solar water heating are also attractive because of the energy
 savings they deliver. Apart from saving money, all these measures improve
 the quality of life of households by increasing comfort and decreasing
 indoor air pollution. Although the measures have a net social benefit, it
 does not mean that poor people can afford them. Energy-efficiency measures
 tend to have high capital costs, while the benefits are spread over many
 years. With their high discount rates, consumers are often not able to
 wait for future savings, nor do they have access to capital for
 investment. Based on our analysis, however, a capital subsidy of between
 R1 000 and R2 000 (not the full capital cost) is all that would be
 required to make these measures attractive to poor households across a
 range of regions and income groups. The no-cost measures of northern
 orientations: climatically correct window size and placement, as well as
 the appropriate wall and roof colour have a thermal running cost and
 environmental impact. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 593-614 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019383 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019383 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:593-614




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Piazza-Georgi 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piazza-Georgi 
Title: Human and social capital in Soweto in 1999: Report on a field study 
Abstract:
  This article summarises data that were gathered in a 1 000-household
 survey conducted in Soweto in mid-1999, the purpose of which was to test
 some hypotheses on the interrelationships between certain kinds of human
 capital and social capital. Information was collected on education and
 other forms of human capital, as well as on a number of social capital
 factors under the categories of household composition, group membership,
 values and various forms of trust. Household expenditure was also explored
 in detail, both as a proxy for household income and in order to determine
 current investment in human and social capital. The article contains the
 tabulations of all the information gathered, plus a number of
 cross-tabulations showing links that are of possible interest. The
 statistics are adjusted for survey design, and are thus applicable to
 Soweto as a whole. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 615-639 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019365 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019365 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:615-639




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sagren Moodley 
Author-X-Name-First: Sagren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley 
Title: Connecting to global markets in the Internet age: The case of South African wooden furniture producers 
Abstract:
  This article assesses the extent to which Internet connectivity and
 electronic commerce have the capacity to assist South African wooden
 furniture producers (SAWFPs) in securing improved access to international
 markets. The current pressures of globalisation and the challenge to
 direct overseas market expansion underscore the importance of e-commerce
 for the local wooden furniture sector. The article argues that while
 e-commerce capabilities are not a substitute for a systematic export
 strategy, they are nonetheless important for SAWFPs, as they are
 struggling to compete in a globalised and interconnected world that is
 organised around integrated trading systems and networked communication
 and information flows. However, participation in e-commerce by SAWFPs is
 currently very limited owing to a variety of factors, such as lack of
 infrastructure and awareness, high costs of Internet connectivity and
 inadequate skilled human resources. The article discusses the implications
 of the findings for policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 641-658 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019338 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019338 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:641-658




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sagren Moodley 
Author-X-Name-First: Sagren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley 
Title: Internet-enabled supply chain integration: Prospects and challenges for the South African automotive industry 
Abstract:
  The impetus for supply chain integration (SCI) in the global automotive
 industry is being driven by the Internet. The article critically explores
 the potential of the Internet to optimise and streamline the complex
 supply chains found in the South African automotive industry. The
 Internet's potential to create seamless, collaborative supply networks
 could provide the local automotive industry with a distinctive competitive
 advantage in its pursuit of an 'outward orientation' and 'global
 connectedness' after a lengthy period of trade isolation and government
 protection. The findings, however, reveal that domestic automotive firms
 are generally not using the Internet for substantive interbusiness trade
 and advanced SCI. By not making the transition to Internet-enabled SCI,
 South African automotive firms may be placing themselves at risk of
 becoming less competitive in the globally interconnected market, which
 will impact on both their current market positions and long-term
 viability. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 659-679 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019347 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019347 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:659-679




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Meshack Khosa 
Author-X-Name-First: Meshack 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khosa 
Title: Perceptions of economic and financial conditions of households in 2000 
Abstract:
  'The economy grew by 3,0 per cent in 2000. This was the fastest growth
 since 1996, buoyed by a strong recovery in household consumption spending
 and an increase in exports of over 7 per cent in real terms' (Trevor
 Manuel, Minister of Finance, Budget speech, 21 February 2001). 'Growth
 won't solve our problems. The faster the economy grows, the faster will be
 the creation of jobs for the highly skilled. So there will be more, not
 fewer, problems with income disparity' (Iraj Abedian, Standard Bank Group
 Economist, cited in Financial Mail , 2001a). The aim of this article is to
 examine the extent to which economic growth, experienced in 2000, improved
 the financial and economic conditions of South African households, by
 analysing a national representative survey of 2 700 adult South Africans
 conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council in September 2000. The
 survey results were analysed by disaggregating data by race, gender, area
 type, province and Living Standard Measure (LSM). The theme emerging from
 this article is that although the majority of households were negatively
 affected financially and economically, proportionally more Africans,
 women, rural residents and poor households were hardest hit. Although
 South Africa achieved a 3 per cent economic growth rate in 2000, there is
 limited evidence to suggest that this growth trickled down to the majority
 of households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 681-697 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019329 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019329 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:681-697




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rod Alence 
Author-X-Name-First: Rod 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alence 
Title: Sources of successful cost recovery for water: Evidence from a national survey of South African municipalities 
Abstract:
  This article analyses variation in municipal cost recovery for water
 services in South Africa. It uses original data from a national survey of
 municipalities, conducted in late 2000. A multivariate causal model is
 estimated to measure the effects of social and institutional context,
 service infrastructure, and billing and payment practices. The analysis
 shows that cost-recovery outcomes vary widely and are quite sensitive to
 factors that can be influenced by municipal decision-makers. Substantive
 implications for a typical South African municipality are clarified
 through simulations of the effects of upgrading infrastructure,
 introducing various cost-recovery measures, and extending basic services
 to poor households. As profound changes in the institutional and policy
 environment--including municipal restructuring (demarcation) and the 'free
 basic water' policy--force municipalities to review their cost-recovery
 strategies, the article offers insights into how to achieve the best
 possible outcomes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 699-717 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019310 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019310 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:699-717




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imraan Valodia 
Author-X-Name-First: Imraan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Valodia 
Author-Name: Richard Goode 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goode 
Author-Name: Cecil Macheke 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Macheke 
Title: Does South Africa need trade promotion organisations? 
Abstract:
  This article analyses one aspect of export promotion that has come to be
 an important mechanism for public sector implementation of export
 promotion, namely trade promotion organisations. Drawing on the export
 experiences of firms in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, we
 explore the possible role of a trade promotion organisation (TPO) in
 efforts to promote exports. Based on this, we conclude that services that
 may be offered by a TPO are already offered by a combination of private
 and public sector service providers; that the barriers to export growth in
 KwaZulu-Natal firms have little, if any, relationship to TPO services; and
 that, based on this evidence, there seems to be no case for public sector
 investment in TPOs. We do, however, find some weaknesses in export service
 provision, and suggest some policy changes in this regard. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 719-734 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019374 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019374 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:719-734




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Morne Nigrini 
Author-X-Name-First: Morne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nigrini 
Author-Name: Andrie Schoombee 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoombee 
Title: Credit guarantee schemes as an instrument to promote access to finance for small and medium enterprises: An analysis of Khula Enterprise Finance Ltd's individual credit guarantee scheme 
Abstract:
  Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face many constraints, such as lack
 of credit, which hinder them from reaching their job-creating potential.
 This article focuses on the constraints that increase banks' risk in
 lending to SMEs, and how credit guarantee schemes are used to overcome
 some of them. In South Africa, Khula Enterprise Finance Limited, a
 government initiative, operates three such guarantee schemes. This article
 explains the functioning of one of the schemes, namely Khula's Individual
 Credit Guarantee Scheme. Its performance is evaluated with reference to
 international best practices. Although it is generally found to operate
 efficiently, there are various aspects concerning the functioning of the
 scheme that influence negatively the willingness of banks to participate.
 These problems need to be addressed, as the authors are convinced that a
 credit guarantee scheme, with all its problems, still remains a viable way
 for the government to lower the normally high risk involved for banks in
 dealing with SMEs, and in this way to entice them to serve SMEs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 735-750 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2002 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019356 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:19:y:2002:i:5:p:735-750




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Abbott 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott 
Author-Name: David Douglas 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas 
Title: The use of longitudinal spatial analyses of informal settlements in urban development planning 
Abstract:
  Informal settlements are home to a substantial, and growing, proportion
 of the urban population of developing cities. In the majority of these
 countries, it is recognised that the only way of improving the quality of
 life of residents in these areas is through a process of in situ
 upgrading. However, the focus of this upgrading tends to be directed at
 the level of the individual settlement; rarely is the impact on the wider
 metropolitan area considered. This article addresses that wider
 perspective. It describes a longitudinal study of informal settlements in
 Cape Town over a five-year period. This study showed that informal
 settlements in the city will grow faster than new housing can be provided,
 thereby necessitating a radical shift in the current housing policy. The
 study then demonstrated that it is possible to determine discernible
 trends in the growth pattern of informal settlements, which will enable
 such settlements to be brought into the integrated development planning
 process for the city. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768835022000019301 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768835022000019301 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:3-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frikkie le Booysen 
Author-X-Name-First: Frikkie le 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen 
Title: The extent of, and possible explanations for, provincial disparities in progress on reconstruction and development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The objective of this article is to assess the early progress of South
 Africa's nine provinces in delivering on the Reconstruction and
 Development Programme (RDP). Reconstruction and development indices (RDIs)
 are developed for this purpose. Reconstruction and development are not
 simply a matter of coming closer to meeting the objectives described in
 the RDP. The government also needs to address other aspects that cause
 concern. It needs to facilitate the demographic transition and improve
 standards in secondary education. Provinces that are more urbanised are in
 an advantageous position compared with the more rural provinces, which
 means that the government needs to make concerted efforts to address this
 urban-rural divide and to accelerate delivery in rural areas. Past
 inequities appear to persist in that progress on reconstruction and
 development remains closely tied to the racial composition of provincial
 populations. Expeditious interventions are needed to address these issues
 if the RDP is to ensure a better life for all. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 21-48 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065480 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065480 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:21-48




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Oldham 
Author-X-Name-First: George 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldham 
Author-Name: Michael Hickson 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hickson 
Title: Turnover and payroll levies: An unexploited source of regional economic data 
Abstract:
  Detailed regional economic data detailing past and current patterns of
 growth are needed to determine regional and local comparative advantages
 of geographical shifts in economic activity within regions and cities. The
 level of government between local and provincial government provides a
 potential source of such data, as it has been collecting levies based on
 the turnover and payrolls of all formal businesses throughout South Africa
 since 1994. The authors have utilised the database of one such body, now
 known as the Umgungundlovu Municipality, to prepare detailed
 real-time-series for the period January 1994 to January 2001. Comparisons
 with regional data supplied by the DBSA have established the reliability
 of such data, and the turnover and wage bill series were then used to
 provide economic analyses of a geographical and sectoral nature. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 49-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065471 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065471 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:49-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Essa 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Essa 
Author-Name: W Lieb Nieuwoudt 
Author-X-Name-First: W Lieb 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwoudt 
Title: Socio-economic dimensions of small-scale agriculture: A principal component analysis 
Abstract:
  In order to study the different dimensions of small-scale farmers in
 KwaZulu-Natal, a principal component analysis was conducted on data
 obtained from a sample survey of 160 households. The following
 socio-economic components were extracted: Component 1 is an emerging
 commercial and mechanised household (i.e. it uses machinery), while
 Component 2 is a landless farm household that is more educated and earns
 more non-farm income, largely from contractor services. Component 3 is a
 non-farm female-headed household that depends on income from land renting
 and a non-farm job. This is a resource-poor household. Component 4 is a
 small intensive garden farmer household headed by a more educated female
 with better access to institutional services. Component 5 is a less
 educated, female-headed and land-poor household that rents in more land
 and is an intensive producer. Component 6 is a land-less household that
 rents in land and is also involved in contractor services. The implication
 is that policies aimed at assisting small-scale farmers should take into
 account the different dimensions of farmers, as economic policies may
 influence different households differently. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 67-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065462 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065462 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:67-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Kaplan 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplan 
Title: Measuring our competitiveness - a critical examination of the IMD and WEF competitiveness indicators for South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article examines the competitiveness indicators that are produced by
 the highly influential World Economic Forum (WEF) and the International
 Institute for Management Development (IMD), specifically in respect of
 South Africa. Neither provides a clear and persuasive guide as to South
 Africa's overall competitiveness ranking, nor how this has altered over
 time. The problem resides principally in the assessment of technological
 capacities and the contribution that technology makes to overall
 competitiveness. The IMD and the WEF approaches to technology diverge
 significantly, but both are inadequate. As a consequence, there is a
 substantial discrepancy between the two as regards South Africa's current
 overall competitive ness ranking. Neither individually, nor collectively,
 are these competitiveness indicators - as they are currently constituted -
 useful as a guide to policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 75-88 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065499 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065499 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:75-88




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rendani Randela 
Author-X-Name-First: Rendani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Randela 
Title: An economic assessment of the value of cattle to the rural communities in the former Venda region 
Abstract:
  This article assesses the economic value of livestock to rural
 communities in quantitative terms. A quantitative valuation of livestock
 is assessed in terms of milk production, manure use, draught power and
 offtake/sales criteria. The study is based on a cross-sectional survey of
 125 small-scale cattle farmers interviewed in the Venda region of the
 Limpopo Province of South Africa. The results of the study estimated the
 average total value of an adult cow to be R1 152. This value should be
 viewed as an opportunity cost of the cattle. A quantitative valuation of
 livestock is important in indicating the degree of impact of cattle
 mortalities on the livelihood of rural households. In addition, it offers
 important guidelines for farmers' compensation by the government, should a
 disaster occur. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 89-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065507 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065507 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:89-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: Expenditure patterns and elasticities of rural households sampled in two communal areas of KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Expenditure patterns among a sample of 99 rural households in two
 communal districts in KwaZulu-Natal were investigated to determine the
 potential impact of a widespread income shock on household expenditure.
 The results showed expenditure elasticities of close to unity for food.
 Low elasticities were found for staple foods. Elasticities for meat, meat
 products and poultry were close to unity, while horticultural products
 showed the greatest potential for demand growth within the food category.
 Of the statistically significant commodity categories, expenditure
 elasticities for durables, housing and transport were more than double
 those estimated for the aggregate food category. For consumer items, the
 district expenditure elasticities were estimated to be 0,76 and 0,71,
 while expenditure on social obligations would not increase with rural
 incomes. Wealthier households (the top expenditure decile) have a greater
 propensity for increased expenditure on transport, while poorer households
 show a greater propensity for increased expenditure on housing and
 durables. Although agriculture has the potential to generate widespread
 growth in rural incomes, the preference for manufactured goods casts some
 doubt on the strength of consumption multipliers for locally produced farm
 and non-farm goods in rural KwaZulu-Natal. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 105-127 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065516 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065516 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:105-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecile Nieuwenhuizen 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwenhuizen 
Author-Name: Jaap Kroon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaap 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kroon 
Title: The relationship between financing criteria and the success factors of entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises 
Abstract:
  Existing criteria for, and methods of, evaluation discriminate against
 owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who do not have adequate
 securities and collateral available. These criteria and methods do not
 identify potentially successful owners of SMEs, only potentially
 successful enterprises. Financing criteria have to be adapted to empower
 potentially successful SMEs and to ensure economic development. The aim of
 the study is to develop relevant criteria for the financing of SMEs. The
 success factors of SMEs, as well as the criteria used by financiers of
 SMEs, were examined. This made it possible to determine what contributes
 to the success of SMEs and how these enterprises are being evaluated by
 financial institutions. Research articles were used for a literature
 review of the success factors identified. The results were used to
 formulate additional and alternative recommendations for criteria that can
 be used by financial institutions for evaluating financial applications. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 129-142 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065525 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065525 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:129-142




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Crookes 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crookes 
Title: The contribution of livelihood activities in the Limpopo province: Case study evidence from Makua and Manganeng 
Abstract:
  This article uses case study evidence from Makua and Manganeng, two rural
 villages in the Capricorn region, to investigate the effects of private
 and social costs, such as land degradation, on rural livelihoods in the
 area. Information is derived from household surveys, key informant
 interviews, participatory appraisal techniques, and a detailed ecological
 baseline study of the area. Livelihood activities such as agricultural
 practices (crop and livestock production), and wood and edible product
 gathering are included. This article attempts to synthesise the
 information gathered and lessons learnt from these studies, quantifies the
 contribution of these livelihood activities in monetary terms, and
 considers the implications for sustainable livelihood practices. The study
 finds that non-cash earnings contribute an important component of overall
 household income - between 40 and 50 per cent before social and
 opportunity costs are deducted. However, external costs significantly
 undermine overall earnings from natural resource-based products. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 143-159 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065534 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065534 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:143-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willem Naude&DiacriticalAcute; 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude&DiacriticalAcute; 
Author-Name: Waldo Krugell 
Author-X-Name-First: Waldo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krugell 
Title: Conference Review 
Abstract:
  This review reports on a recent conference on spatial inequalities in
 Africa, held by the World Institute for Development Economics Research
 (WIDER). This international conference, the second in a series of five,
 covered the following topics: the extent of spatial patterns of income
 distribution and polarisation; growth, shocks and regional variations in
 poverty reduction; cities and labour markets in South Africa; rural-urban
 differences; spatial patterns of social networks, and finally, migration
 and regional inequality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 161-167 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000065543 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000065543 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:1:p:161-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rashid Hassan 
Author-X-Name-First: Rashid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan 
Title: Economy-wide benefits from water-intensive industries in South Africa: Quasi-input-output analysis of the contribution of irrigation agriculture and cultivated plantations in the Crocodile River catchment 
Abstract:
  A quasi-input-output framework was employed to measure and compare
 economy-wide benefits from irrigated crops and cultivated plantations in
 the Crocodile River catchment. The results of the analysis showed that it
 makes a huge difference to consider not only direct economic benefits from
 water-using activities, but also their economy-wide benefits and
 multisector linkages for evaluating water allocation regimes and policies.
 A completely opposite ranking of the compared activities was obtained when
 economy-wide effects (including indirect multipliers) were taken into
 account, compared with considering only direct benefits. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 171-195 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302953 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302953 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:171-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Martins 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martins 
Title: Minimum Living Level and Consumer Price Index: What's in a name? 
Abstract:
  The Minimum Living Level (MLL) denotes the minimum financial requirements
 of members of a household to maintain an acceptable living standard, which
 is above the Poverty Line. Sufficient quantities of relevant expenditure
 items based on minimum health standards are allowed for when calculating
 the MLL, but rational expenditure on them is assumed. The MLL is measured
 in monetary value. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measurement of
 changes in the prices over time of a basket of typical consumer goods and
 services and is measured by an index or percentage. The basket of
 expenditure items used in the CPI depends on household expenditure
 surveys. This article sets out to differentiate between the MLL, CPI and
 the Poverty Line, since the latter and the MLL are sometimes used in the
 same context in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 197-212 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302954 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302954 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:197-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicola Brink 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brink 
Author-Name: Wilma Viviers 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viviers 
Title: Obstacles in attracting increased portfolio investment into southern Africa 
Abstract:
  Measured in terms of foreign participation in its domestic financial
 markets, the major part of southern Africa has to date been largely
 isolated from international financial markets and the process of financial
 globalisation. With the exception of South Africa and, to a lesser extent,
 Mauritius, the region receives negligible amounts of foreign portfolio
 investment. For the majority of countries, the main types of foreign
 capital inflows consist of development assistance and foreign direct
 investment. Foreign portfolio investment, which has hitherto remained
 largely untapped, may become important in future, especially in view of
 the dwindling international development assistance to the region. However,
 portfolio investment is volatile and can be relatively easily withdrawn,
 posing some financial risk to an economy that has to be managed. This
 article identifies and assesses possible obstacles to foreign portfolio
 investment in the region, which could be addressed over time in order to
 improve the region's competitiveness for foreign investment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 213-236 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302958 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302958 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:213-236




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Title: Mining companies' role in sustainable development: The 'why' and 'how' of corporate social responsibility from a business perspective 
Abstract:
  This article - the first in a pair of articles on corporate social
 responsibility (CSR) - provides an overview of mining companies' role in
 sustainable development, from a business perspective and in the South
 African context. It argues that companies' social and environmental
 responsibilities are increasing, due to global changes in the way the role
 of business is perceived, South African policy developments, as well as a
 strong 'business case' for companies to actively support sustainable
 development - beyond philanthropy and impact mitigation. Partnerships
 between companies, the government and civil society are introduced as a
 potentially effective and efficient strategy for CSR. They are no panacea,
 however, and require a commitment to local communities' rights to informed
 prior consent and authentic participation. CSR hence presents mining
 companies with significant challenges. Given committed leadership and the
 right approach, it can entail important opportunities as well. Particular
 attention will need to be given to potential tensions between the
 international debate surrounding CSR, on the one hand, and local South
 African development challenges and companies' responses to them, on the
 other. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 237-254 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302957 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302957 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:237-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Author-Name: Nicola Acutt 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Acutt 
Title: How should civil society (and the government) respond to 'corporate social responsibility'? A critique of business motivations and the potential for partnerships 
Abstract:
  In theory, corporate social responsibility (CSR) considers private
 companies as potentially important development agents, particularly in
 partnership with the government and civil society groups. Following on the
 first article by Hamann in this issue, which considered the business
 perspective, this article considers how civil society should respond to
 the CSR and partnership concepts, with reference to the South African
 context. Firstly, a critical view of CSR emphasises the need to consider
 underlying motivations for business to embrace and perpetuate the CSR
 concept. These may relate to accommodation - the implementation of
 cosmetic changes to business practice in order to preclude bigger changes
 - and legitimisation - the influence by business over popular and
 policy-related discourse in order to define what questions may be asked
 and what answers are feasible. The second part of the article describes
 important benefits of the CSR concept for civil society groups, in terms
 of increased power and rights and hence better negotiating positions.
 This, however, requires that non-governmental organisations and others
 proactively engage in shaping the CSR debates, by insisting, inter alia,
 that CSR be underpinned by corporate accountability. Finally, the article
 argues that partnerships with business can indeed be beneficial to civil
 society groups, but that a critical position needs to be maintained within
 this cooperative approach, namely 'critical cooperation'. Such
 partnerships will require the strategic use of power-, rights- and
 interest-based negotiation. Following a brief overview of some recent
 South African experiences in the mining and chemicals sectors, the article
 concludes by pointing out the important role of the government in
 facilitating fair and effective partnerships. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 255-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302956 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302956 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:255-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mustafa Hussein 
Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussein 
Title: The role of Malawian local government in community development 
Abstract:
  The promotion of basic elements of good governance including community
 involvement through a decentralised local governance system has been at
 the centre stage since the advent of the multiparty democracy in Malawi in
 the 1990s. This article examines the role of Malawian local government in
 community development and analyses the context of community involvement in
 local governance. The article is primarily based on documentary research,
 which includes journal and newspaper articles, and interviews with senior
 district assembly officials and local people. The major conclusions drawn
 are that, firstly, the decentralisation process tends to feature the
 district assembly very highly, with little clarity on how community-based
 institutions are integrated into the local government system. Secondly,
 the political, socio-economic and administrative factors prevailing at the
 local level need to be addressed pragmatically for efficient and effective
 community participation in development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 271-282 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302960 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302960 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:271-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Ngwane 
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwane 
Author-Name: Venkata Yadavalli 
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yadavalli 
Author-Name: Francois Steffens 
Author-X-Name-First: Francois 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steffens 
Title: Poverty in South Africa: Statistical inference for decomposable poverty measures 
Abstract:
  The measurement of poverty involves two problems: identifying the poor
 and constructing an index to measure the intensity of poverty. The
 headcount ratio is one of the widely used indices for the measurement of
 poverty. This article considers some of the other decomposable (i.e.
 additively separable) poverty measures. The importance of this property
 (decomposability) and of subgroup consistency for a poverty measure is
 highlighted. Since most of these poverty measures are estimated on the
 basis of sample surveys, the statistical significance of the observed
 differences is tested using the distribution-free approach proposed by
 Kakwani (1993, Review of Economics and Statistics , 75: 632-40). The
 Income and Expenditure Survey conducted in 1995 by Statistics South
 Africa, then called Central Statistical Service, is used in the study. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 283-291 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302959 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302959 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:283-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theresa Clover 
Author-X-Name-First: Theresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clover 
Author-Name: Wilhelm Nieuwoudt 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwoudt 
Title: An economic evaluation of area yield insurance for small-scale cane growers 
Abstract:
  In the past, crop insurance schemes have based indemnity payments on
 individual producers' yields. Insurance of individual yields does not cope
 efficiently with systemic risk and therefore fails in areas where crop
 yields are correlated across space. Area yield insurance provides an
 alternative and eliminates the problems of moral hazard and adverse
 selection associated with individual yield insurance. Area yield insurance
 therefore effectively copes with systemic risk. In this study, principles
 of area yield insurance were applied to yield data on small-scale cane
 growers in KwaZulu-Natal and used to calculate pure premium rates. The
 viability of a government-subsidised area yield insurance scheme for
 small-scale cane farmers was assessed in terms of affordability to the
 government, the farmers and private insurance companies. The empirical
 results obtained from this study indicate that such a scheme may pose
 great expense to the government and, as a result, may not be viable in
 South Africa. This topic needs further study, while other risk management
 strategies should also be considered. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 293-305 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302952 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302952 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:293-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thekke Ramanathan 
Author-X-Name-First: Thekke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramanathan 
Author-Name: Koni Suresh Chandra 
Author-X-Name-First: Koni Suresh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandra 
Author-Name: Wilson Thupeng 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thupeng 
Title: A comparison of the technical efficiencies of health districts and hospitals in Botswana 
Abstract:
  An attempt is made here to construct and present relative efficiency
 indices for the services rendered by health districts and specific
 hospitals in Botswana, using Stochastic Frontier Regression analysis and
 Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis indicated that three districts -
 Kweneng East, Kgalagadi and Boteti - have efficiency scores below the
 optimum level. Among the 13 hospitals considered, Tsabong Primary Hospital
 was found to have an efficiency score of less than one. Since the health
 services involve a number of factors, these indices ought to serve as
 indicators for further scrutiny of those units (health districts and
 hospitals) that fall below the optimum efficiency level. The data used for
 the analysis are from the published material by the Central Statistics
 Office, Botswana for the year 1997. Health is considered one of the major
 concerns of the government of Botswana. As a consequence, the authors feel
 that this study will be useful to policy makers and health planners in
 giving them some kind of relative ranking among health districts and
 hospitals. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-320 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350302955 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350302955 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:307-320




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Kargbo 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kargbo 
Title: Food prices and long-run purchasing power parity in Africa 
Abstract:
  The purchasing power parity (PPP) theory is a cornerstone of exchange
 rate models in international economics. PPP is very important for two main
 reasons: first, it can serve as a prediction model for exchange rates, and
 second, it can serve as a benchmark in judging the level of exchange rate
 movements. This article utilised the Johansen cointegration technique in
 examining whether or not there is empirical support for long-run PPP in
 Africa. Annual data were used for exchange rates and food price indices in
 25 countries covering the 1958-97 period. The empirical evidence showed
 strong support for long-run PPP in Africa, thereby providing wider
 acceptance for the applicability of PPP in exchange rate and other
 macroeconomic adjustment policies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 321-336 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108158 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108158 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:321-336




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scotney Watts 
Author-X-Name-First: Scotney 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watts 
Title: The effects of communal land resource management on forest conservation in northern and north-eastern Namibia 
Abstract:
  The area under natural forests has diminished steadily while
 deforestation has escalated progressively in the past 10 years. Strategic
 constraints leading to this ever-increasing rate of forest depletion are
 examined, and relevant policy interventions for overturning them are
 suggested. Communal ownership and management of natural resources in the
 northern and north-eastern Namibia are identified as a major underlying
 constraint on natural resource conservation because the communal system
 lacks mechanisms for regulating access. Nonetheless, the study
 acknowledges the optimistic views on communal use and management in other
 parts of the world. The assumptions about community, the willingness of
 its members to realise joint environmental or social goals, and their
 motivation and skills for natural resource management have been
 challenged. The perception that communities are custodial and
 non-materialistic in their attitudes to natural resources is rejected. It
 is concluded that common resources should be brought under more formal
 management. There should be a state-community/private partnership, with
 the state performing an advisory function, and implementation at the
 highest level through the use of state institutions for law enforcement,
 while the community or the private interest undertakes day-to-day
 management and law enforcement activities. Maintaining state ownership of
 natural resources in communal areas and inviting local people to manage
 them on their own, or mainly on government terms, is not a solution to
 natural resource degradation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 337-359 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108167 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108167 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:337-359




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Title: The collection of national household survey data in South Africa (1993-2001): Rendering labour migration invisible 
Abstract:
  This article explores the coverage of labour migration in four national
 questionnaires in South Africa - the Project for Statistics on Living
 Standards and Development (1993), the National Census (1996 and 2001), the
 October Household Surveys (1995-9) and the Labour Force Survey (2000-1).
 Internal labour migration has been an integral part of South Africa's
 history and economic development. Whether this migration is changing, and
 how this will affect the rural household's access to resources, are surely
 important questions to be examined both now and in the future. A
 comprehensive investigation requires not only specific case study
 analysis, but also analysis of nationally representative data on
 households and the individuals who are part of these households, whether
 as resident or absent household members. Official household surveys in
 South Africa have been modified and revised over the years to improve the
 quality of information collected on individuals, households and their
 access to resources. However, questions of labour migration have received
 little attention in these revisions. Rather, the quality and quantity of
 information collected on migration and labour migrants specifically have
 declined such that in current sources of national data, the Labour Force
 Survey (2000-1) and the Census (2001), labour migrants are all but
 invisible. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 361-368 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108176 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108176 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:361-368




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Etienne Nel 
Author-X-Name-First: Etienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel 
Author-Name: Trevor Hill 
Author-X-Name-First: Trevor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill 
Author-Name: Kate Aitchison 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aitchison 
Author-Name: Simphiwe Buthelezi 
Author-X-Name-First: Simphiwe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buthelezi 
Title: The closure of coal mines and local development responses in Coal-Rim Cluster, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The impact of mine closure can have a devastating effect on the local
 economies of the towns that they once supported. Drawing on comparative,
 international material, this article examines the nature and effectiveness
 of the local economic development responses that have been initiated in
 the former coal-mining towns in northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.
 Although a range of innovative locally identified strategies have been
 embarked upon, considerably greater effort and investment will be needed
 in order to catalyse significant and meaningful regeneration endeavours. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 369-385 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108185 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108185 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:369-385




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heston Phillips 
Author-X-Name-First: Heston 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips 
Author-Name: Barbara Anderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson 
Author-Name: N Phindiwe Tsebe 
Author-X-Name-First: N Phindiwe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsebe 
Title: Sex ratios in South African census data, 1970-96 
Abstract:
  Attention has been drawn to the low sex ratios for those aged 20-34 in
 the 1996 census of South Africa. Concern has been expressed that these low
 sex ratios are implausible and differ from what was found in earlier
 censuses. Some have suspected that they are an indication of the poor
 quality of the 1996 census overall. In virtually every country in the
 world, implausibly low sex ratios are found in the younger working ages,
 because geographically mobile young men of those ages are undercounted
 relative to women of the same age. When sex ratios by age are calculated
 based on those people born in South Africa and for which, as much as
 possible, similar geographic regions are included, a pattern similar to
 that seen in 1996 is found in all censuses since 1970. Like all national
 census offices, South Africa needs to seek ways to reduce the undercount
 of mobile young adults, especially mobile young men. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 387-404 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108194 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108194 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:387-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Robinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson 
Title: Implications of rural settlement patterns for development: A historical case study in Qaukeni, Eastern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Successive administrative policies, overlaid on the traditional communal
 land tenure system in the Qaukeni area of the Eastern Cape, have had the
 effect of tying people to the land and creating an environment that
 severely constrains opportunities for development. This article traces the
 influence of administrative changes on land allocation over the last
 century. It assesses the impact of the settlement pattern in the early
 1980s on accessibility to basic facilities, services and development
 opportunities. In view of the severe conditions in the study area
 (internal push factors), coupled with reduced restrictions on movement to
 South African cities and a general urbanisation trend (external pull
 factors), population movements could have been expected both out of the
 region and to more accessible places within it. Primary research, using
 districts and administrative areas as the units of analysis, revealed that
 few of the expected changes had occurred in the period between 1982 and
 1993. However, recent evidence shows that several of the anticipated
 changes are taking place. The article concludes that, notwithstanding
 recent trends, a combination of the land tenure system (in both rural and
 urban areas), a variety of place-related factors in rural areas, together
 with risk-spreading strategies on the part of households, continue to
 exert a strong influence in keeping people on the land, even though their
 existence is not subsistence based, but linked to the urban economy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 405-421 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108202 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108202 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:405-421




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: Agricultural growth multipliers for two communal areas of KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Expenditure data were collected from 99 households in two rural areas of
 KwaZulu-Natal. District and wealth group expenditure analyses suggest a
 less-than-proportional increase in the demand for tradable farm
 commodities, and a more-than-proportional increase in the demand for
 non-tradable farm commodities following a 1 per cent increase in household
 expenditure. Expenditure on non-farm tradables (imported consumer
 durables) showed the greatest potential for demand growth, with
 expenditure elasticities ranging from 1,75 to 2,59. An increase of R1,00
 in household income is predicted to add an additional 28 cents (multiplier
 of 1,28) to the local economy. The study estimates relatively weak growth
 linkages. However, even relatively weak growth linkages could lead to much
 needed new income and employment opportunities in the local farm and
 non-farm sectors if the constraints limiting agriculture, and hence
 broad-based growth in rural incomes, are alleviated. Agriculture-led
 growth in South Africa requires public investment in both physical and
 institutional infrastructure to reduce transaction costs and risks in all
 markets, thus encouraging greater participation by local entrepreneurs and
 private sector investors. In addition, the roles, functions and services
 offered by extension agents should be extended to promote collective
 marketing, facilitate land rental contracts and provide training,
 technical and business support for farm and non-farm entrepreneurs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 423-444 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000108211 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000108211 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:423-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie M&#xf8;ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: M&#xf8;ller 
Author-Name: Richard Devey 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Devey 
Title: Trends in living conditions and satisfaction among poorer older South Africans: objective and subjective indicators of quality of life in the October Household Survey 
Abstract:
  The majority of South Africa's older population is income poor and lives
 in multigeneration households. Since the first democratically elected
 government came into power in 1994, South Africans have been promised 'a
 better life for all'. A range of policies and programmes has been
 implemented to improve the living standards and quality of life of the
 poor. The article asks how the older poor have benefited from government
 interventions in the period 1995-8. Drawing on data compiled from
 Statistics South Africa's household surveys in 1995 and 1998 (n=20 000-30
 000 households), a set of over 35 objective and subjective indicators
 broken down by income and younger and older households is reviewed. Older
 households include at least one member over 60 years of age. Results show
 that access to services and opportunities improves systematically from
 poor to rich households. Major material gains for the poor and older
 households during the review period include access to clean water,
 electricity and home ownership. Older poor households with better access
 to services and opportunities are more likely to express overall
 satisfaction with their living circumstances. The study concludes that the
 most effective mechanism for poverty alleviation appears to be the
 non-contributory, means-tested state old-age pension, which lifts some
 households out of the most disadvantaged bottom income group. Policies
 under discussion promise further opportunities for empowering poor
 households with older members. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 457-476 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124475 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124475 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:457-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frik de Beer 
Author-X-Name-First: Frik 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer 
Title: Whither the study of development in South Africa? 
Abstract:
  In South Africa we have, since 1990, experienced an upsurge of interest
 in the study and teaching of development. In this article it is argued
 that two brands of development research and teaching have emerged in South
 Africa: one brand has a distinct public administration/management focus,
 while the other has a more pan-disciplinary, development studies focus.
 Despite these different focuses, a peculiar convergence has taken place in
 that the themes of study of the two 'schools' often overlap. This
 convergence demands further exploration of a number of themes, such as the
 research methodologies appropriate to the South African development
 context; approaches to administration and management relevant to South
 African development; balancing the role of state and civil society in
 South Africa; and clarity on what we mean by the concept 'empowerment' in
 our deliberations on development in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-489 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124484 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124484 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:477-489




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akim Mturi 
Author-X-Name-First: Akim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mturi 
Title: Gender gap in school enrolment among youth in Lesotho 
Abstract:
  This article uses data from the 1996 population census of Lesotho and the
 Ministry of Education's annual reports compiled during the period 1990-9
 to investigate the trend of the gap between male and female enrolment in
 schools and higher learning institutions. The study examines various
 education indicators, school enrolment and dropout rates. There is no
 doubt that the gender gap still exists in Lesotho in favour of females.
 Both the cohort analysis and the analysis of dropout rates have shown that
 there is gender imbalance in schooling. In addition, the analysis has
 shown that the gender gap has recently started to narrow in primary,
 secondary and high schools but is widening at tertiary level. The article
 recommends that the government of Lesotho should look closely at the issue
 of the disadvantaged 'boy child' if it intends to eliminate gender
 disparities in schools. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 491-503 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124493 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124493 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:491-503




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip AE Serumaga-Zake 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip AE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-Zake 
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Title: Determinants of labour force participation in the North West province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  Based on data extracted from the 1995 October Household Survey of
 Statistics South Africa, this study has found that potential income is a
 major factor in labour force participation by African women in the North
 West province of South Africa. Other significant determinants of
 participation for both genders are age, education, region, marital status
 and relationship to the head of the household. The results imply that
 significant discrimination against African women still exists in the North
 West province, which partly explains the much lower participation rate for
 African women (64 per cent), compared with that of African men (86,5 per
 cent). The study supports the North West government's development strategy
 of developing human resources to eradicate poverty. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 505-514 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124501 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124501 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:505-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip AE Serumaga-Zake 
Author-X-Name-First: Philip AE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-Zake 
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Title: Private rates of return to education of Africans in South Africa for 1995: a Double Hurdle model 
Abstract:
  In this study, the private rates of return to education of African males
 and females in South Africa are estimated. Both Heckman's (1976) two-stage
 selection model and the more recent Double Hurdle model, with correlated
 errors between the participation and employment equations, is found to be
 more suitable for the earnings analysis than the one with uncorrelated
 errors. This might imply that people make the decisions to participate in
 the labour force and to take up a job offer simultaneously. The private
 rate of return to education of Africans is found to be 12 and 11 per cent
 for males and females, respectively. These rates are significantly higher
 than those found in previous analyses of rates of return to education in
 South Africa. In these older studies, the private rate of return to
 education of Africans was found to vary from 2,5 to 7,7 per cent. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 515-528 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124510 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124510 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:515-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francien van Driel 
Author-X-Name-First: Francien 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Driel 
Author-Name: Jacqueline van Haren 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Haren 
Title: Whose interests are at stake? Civil society and NGOs in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The democratic transition in 1994 necessitated the new government of
 South Africa to review critically most of its policies in order to achieve
 sustainable human development for all its citizens. Popular notions within
 current development thinking, such as civil society, non-governmental
 organisations (NGOs) and people-centred development are integrated firmly
 in the revised policies. This article discusses how these notions appear
 in the housing and population White Papers. It is argued that civil
 society and NGOs appear as abstract concepts and as 'black boxes' in
 academic discussions and government policies. These abstract concepts
 foster assumptions of homogeneity and common interests among and within
 civil organisations and the people they claim to represent. To understand
 the complexities of interest representation, these abstract concepts need
 to come alive and the black boxes need to be opened. To this end, the
 authors present a theoretical framework and methodological tools for
 finding multiple interests among a variety of actors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 529-543 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124529 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124529 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:529-543




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tommy Fenyes 
Author-X-Name-First: Tommy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fenyes 
Author-Name: Winston Campbell 
Author-X-Name-First: Winston 
Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell 
Title: Debt relief initiatives and poverty alleviation: lessons from Africa - 22nd SAUSSC 
Abstract:
  The 22nd Southern African Universities Social Sciences Conference
 (SAUSSC) took place at the Safari Court Hotel outside Windhoek on 1-5
 December 2001. The main theme was 'Debt relief initiatives and poverty
 alleviation: lessons from Africa'. Besides the plenary sessions with three
 presentations concerning the main theme, the conference also addressed the
 following sub-themes: 1. Poverty and poverty alleviation in the SADC and
 Africa (five papers) 2. Governments, NGOs and poverty alleviation (five
 papers) 3. Governance, foreign aid and poverty (four papers) 4. The debt
 crisis and debt problems (four papers) 5. Impact of the debt crisis (four
 papers) 6. Environmental and population issues in poverty (four papers) 7.
 The social and gender dimension of poverty reduction (four papers) 8.
 Measuring poverty, and poverty and disease (four papers) The keynote
 address of this important and successful conference was presented by Prof.
 Earle AS Taylor (University of Namibia). In his presentation, 'Debt,
 poverty and a moribund Africa: the classics of regression', he elaborated
 on the existing, tragic situation that, in spite of the expansive land
 mass and its rich natural endowment and diversities, the African continent
 still remains the poorest in the world. With the exception of a few
 countries, the health and quality of life indices have been receding
 steadily; technology has made few inroads; development is staid; social
 services are stagnant or backsliding; and debt service is substantial,
 staggering and soaring. Taylor vividly examined the cumulative and
 longitudinal determinants of his serial regression and attempted to chart
 a new trajectory of hope within the eccentric and rapidly neoglobalising
 economic system. BC Chikulo (University of North West) presented a paper
 entitled: 'Debt and development in Africa: problems and prospects', in
 which debt was presented as the main obstacle to development in
 sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the debt crisis, the G8 countries have
 adopted debt-reduction policy measures. Partly because of this, a
 heightened recognition of the negative impact of debt on socio-economic
 development has emerged, leading to alternative prescriptions by the
 nascent African Union (AU). The author warned against begging donors and
 argued that partners and investors would have to play increasingly
 important roles in the future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 545-549 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000124538 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000124538 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:4:p:545-549




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adrian Wynne 
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wynne 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: An empirical analysis of factors affecting the growth of small-scale poultry enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Small-scale commercial poultry enterprises are often promoted and used by
 the government and non-governmental organisations in development projects
 to generate income and to improve food self-sufficiency and alleviate
 malnutrition, as poultry is an excellent source of protein. This study
 shows that the majority of small-scale commercial poultry producers in
 KwaZulu-Natal come from previously disadvantaged communities and have
 significantly lower enterprise growth rates than larger poultry producers.
 The results of a block-recursive regression analysis of data gathered from
 a sample of 123 poultry farmers in the province indicate that enterprise
 growth rate is constrained by poor access to credit, high transaction
 costs and unreliable local markets. Government policies should focus on
 reducing transaction costs by improving education and physical
 infrastructure, sponsoring training and mentoring services for small-scale
 commercial poultry producers, and helping these emerging entrepreneurs to
 formalise the business institutions needed to manage co-owned resources
 and to market products collectively. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 563-578 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149225 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149225 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:563-578




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy Crookes 
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crookes 
Author-Name: Michael Lyne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyne 
Title: Efficiency and equity gains in the rental market for arable land: observations from a communal area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Between 1993 and 1996, Thomson made a concerted effort to stimulate a
 rental market for arable land in the Upper Tugela Catchment region of the
 former KwaZulu homeland, South Africa. The number of transactions
 increased with associated gains in equity and efficiency. This study
 revisits the market and examines its performance in the year 2000. It was
 found that the number of rental transactions and lessees had declined, but
 that the area of land transacted had increased sharply. This apparent
 anomaly can be explained by an increase in fixed transaction costs that
 prevented prospective participants from entering the market, and a
 decrease in variable transaction costs that encouraged lessees to trade
 larger areas. Lessees are consolidating land from several different
 lessors, with gains in equity and efficiency still evident. Government
 extension staff could play a key role in sustaining and broadening access
 to rental markets for cropland in communal areas by reducing fixed
 transaction costs as Thomson did. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 579-593 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149234 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149234 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:579-593




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Mayrhofer 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayrhofer 
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: Service provision for street-based traders in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal: comparing local findings to lessons drawn from Africa and Asia 
Abstract:
  South Africa's informal economy absorbs approximately one-quarter of the
 labour force of 15 million people and is therefore the fastest growing
 sector of employment. Street-based trading constitutes a major subsector
 within the informal economy and is continuously expanding through
 unrelenting proliferation of survivalist micro-enterprises. However, few
 organisations that support enterprises are accessible or appropriate to
 survivalist and informal sector micro-enterprises. Interviews were
 conducted with 98 Pietermaritzburg street-based traders and ten
 KwaZulu-Natal service providers to determine service provision
 requirements. The results are compared with findings of four international
 studies. The findings suggest that for survivalist enterprises to benefit
 from entrepreneurial education and training services, obstacles with
 regard to South African traders' understanding of entrepreneurship and
 cultural limitations to enterprise growth should be overcome. Service
 institutions also require incentives to serve the informal sector, as well
 as the capacity to design and deliver appropriate services. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 595-604 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149243 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149243 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:595-604




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thembela Kepe 
Author-X-Name-First: Thembela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe 
Title: Cannabis sativa and rural livelihoods in South Africa: politics of cultivation, trade and value in Pondoland 
Abstract:
  Current debate on Cannabis sativa in South Africa has centred on its
 positive and negative effects on health, as well as its decriminalisation.
 The contribution of cannabis (dagga) to the livelihoods of people who
 inhabit some of the poorest parts of the country has thus far been largely
 ignored. Using a case study of a village in Pondoland, this article argues
 that while cannabis makes a significant contribution to the livelihoods of
 many households, the values derived by cannabis farmers vary widely, as
 determined by social difference, the illegal nature of cannabis production
 and trade, and the cannabis commodity chain. Furthermore, lobbies to
 legalise cannabis will not necessarily yield positive results for poor
 rural cannabis growers, as this could result in lower prices due to the
 possibility of increased supply, as well as the fact that illegality is
 what currently keeps the prices fairly high. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 605-615 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149252 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149252 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:605-615




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ewert PJ Kleynhans 
Author-X-Name-First: Ewert PJ 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleynhans 
Author-Name: Willem Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Author-Name: Stefanus van der Merwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanus 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe 
Title: Spatial economic development in South Africa: an overview and evaluation of the platinum spatial development initiative 
Abstract:
  The Platinum Spatial Development Initiative (Platinum SDI), located in
 the North West province of South Africa, is examined in this article. The
 article commences with a historical synopsis of industrial policy and
 regional industrial development policy in South Africa. Thereafter the
 trade and industrial policies of the North West Provincial Government are
 discussed in the contexts of its economic development strategies 'North
 West 2001' from 1997, and the 'North West Economic Development and
 Industrialisation Strategy' from 2002. Various arguments for and against
 the viability of the Platinum SDI are put forward. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 617-631 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149261 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149261 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:617-631




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesper Stage 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage 
Author-Name: Rick Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Rick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: Implicit water pricing in Namibian farmland markets 
Abstract:
  Groundwater can augment total agricultural water supply in areas where
 rainfall is persistently low, but can also function as a buffer source of
 water in areas where rainfall is high but variable. In arid countries it
 is important to examine which of these functions dominates, as this has
 implications for water policy. As aquifers become depleted, the buffer
 function can be replaced by other local water supply schemes. However, if
 groundwater is mainly used to augment total water supply, the only
 replacement is long-distance supply schemes that may not be economically
 desirable. This study used Namibian farm price data to estimate implicit
 water values. The results are consistent with a buffer function for
 groundwater, but do not show conclusively that this function is more
 important than other functions. On precautionary principles, one should
 therefore assume that it will become necessary to decrease agricultural
 water use as aquifers become depleted. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 633-645 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149270 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149270 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:633-645




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Drimie 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Drimie 
Title: HIV/Aids and land: case studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa 
Abstract:
  Recent research conducted in Lesotho, Kenya and South Africa has revealed
 that HIV/Aids will seriously impact on a range of land issues as a direct
 result of very high infection rates in these countries. HIV/Aids will
 affect different forms of land use, the functioning of land administration
 systems, land rights of women and orphans as well as the poor generally,
 and inheritance practices and norms. The epidemic not only affects the
 productivity of the infected, but also diverts the labour of the household
 and extended family away from other productive and reproductive activities
 as they take care of the sick. Affected households fall below the social
 and economic threshold of vulnerability and 'survivability', leaving the
 survivors - mainly the young and elderly - with limited resources to
 quickly regain a sustainable livelihood. This indicates the importance of
 effective land administration systems and of land rights as HIV/Aids
 impacts on the terms and conditions on which households and individuals
 hold, use and transact land. This has a particular resonance for women and
 children's rights, which, in the context of rural power relations that are
 themselves coming under increasing pressure from the epidemic, are
 especially vulnerable to being usurped. Thus, the impact of HIV/Aids on
 land raises complex and sensitive issues for land policies and programmes,
 particularly if they are intended to underpin rural development and
 sustainable livelihoods. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 647-658 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149289 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149289 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:647-658




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frikkie le Booysen 
Author-X-Name-First: Frikkie le 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen 
Title: Urban-rural inequalities in health care delivery in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Urban-rural inequalities in access to health care services continue to
 persist in South Africa, and in almost all cases discriminate against the
 poor. In certain cases disparities are even worse in urban areas, although
 levels of service delivery admittedly are consistently worse in rural
 areas. People in rural areas are generally more dependent on public and
 other health care services than on private services, compared with people
 living in urban areas. There is limited evidence of substantial
 intra-urban disparities, with inequality being worse in smaller urban
 settlements (i.e. towns) as opposed to larger ones (i.e. small cities and
 metropolitan areas). The article emphasises the important role the
 envisaged future decentralisation of selected health services to local
 government is likely to play in addressing these inequalities and the lack
 of service delivery at this level. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 659-673 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149298 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149298 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:659-673




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Thembinkosi Modi 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert Thembinkosi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Modi 
Title: What do subsistence farmers know about indigenous crops and organic farming? Preliminary experience in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  The lack of published information on indigenous agricultural knowledge in
 South Africa frustrates the efforts of scientists who seek to enhance the
 creativity of subsistence farmers, and thus help their delivery from the
 cycle of poverty to commercialised farming. The term 'indigenous crop' is
 not clearly defined in the literature, and confusion about what is a
 traditional or an indigenous crop often arises even in conversations with
 local people. Perhaps the confusion stems from the generally accepted norm
 that a crop is associated with conventional production practices and
 commercialisation. Indigenous crop production and use of indigenous plants
 for food are generally not associated with conventional agriculture. Many
 subsistence farmers in South Africa have known only organic farming until
 recently, when they were introduced to 'new seeds' and agricultural
 chemicals. On-farm opinion surveys and physical farm appraisals were
 undertaken at the Msinga and Embo tribal areas in KwaZulu-Natal, in an
 attempt to assess the knowledge of subsistence and small-scale farmers
 about indigenous crops and organic farming. Results showed that the
 traditional definition of the term 'indigenous crop' may be broader than
 'African only', at least in the context of indigenous South Africans. The
 findings also showed that subsistence farmers take organic farming to be a
 peasant's approach to food production, but its health and economic merits
 are recognised. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 675-684 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2003 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835032000149306 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835032000149306 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:20:y:2003:i:5:p:675-684




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Author-Name: Rashad Cassim 
Author-X-Name-First: Rashad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassim 
Title: The challenge of growth, employment and poverty in the South African economy since democracy: an exploratory review of selected issues 
Abstract:
  The welfare challenges in post-apartheid South Africa are best
 represented by the triumvirate of poverty, income inequality and
 unemployment. In turn, the one generally accepted mechanism for overcoming
 these challenges is for an economy to realise sustained levels of high
 economic growth. Herein lie the essential coordinates of this article. We
 attempt first to describe the post-apartheid experience with economic
 growth and its determinants. Secondly, we describe the nature of the
 welfare challenges that the society faces in terms of poverty, income
 inequality and unemployment. Finally, and perhaps most critically, we
 explore the various constraints on economic growth that may be hindering
 the realisation of higher standards of living amongst the population. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 7-31 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181408 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181408 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:7-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sten Dieden 
Author-X-Name-First: Sten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dieden 
Title: Integration into the South African core economy: household-level covariates 
Abstract:
  In this analysis of household survey data, households' main income
 sources are used as indicators of integration into the South African core
 economy. The allocation of main income sources is studied as the outcome
 of households' demographic composition, geographic location and earners'
 characteristics. The emerging picture of household income generation is
 one that disputes the common perception of African households as raising
 their incomes from a multitude of sources. The majority of surveyed
 households rely to a large extent on a single source of income and a
 single income earner. Separate multinomial logit models are estimated for
 urban and non-urban households where, in addition to the considerable
 association with non-urban residence, prominent earner covariates of
 low-integration income sources are female gender, old or young working
 age, and low levels of education. Both provincial location and
 within-provincial, subregional locations display strong impacts. The study
 also finds associations between main income sources and households'
 demographic compositions that are compatible with findings both in studies
 on private transfer behaviour and in the growing literature on endogenous
 household formation in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 33-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181417 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181417 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:33-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Meth 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meth 
Author-Name: Rosa Dias 
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dias 
Title: Increases in poverty in South Africa, 1999-2002 
Abstract:
  Analysis of the results in the 1999 October Household Survey and the 2002
 Labour Force Survey suggests that the number of people in the bottom two
 expenditure classes (R0-R399 and R400-R799 per household per month)
 increased by about 4,2 million over the period. As the boundaries of these
 expenditure classes remained constant in nominal terms, there is a
 likelihood that the number of people in poverty will have increased as
 well. This article attempts to discover whether this is indeed the case.
 The possible increase in the number of people in poverty is not equal to
 the increase in the number of people in these two expenditure categories.
 Rather, it is equal to the difference between the numbers of people in
 poverty in the two years. Our first crude estimate of the maximum
 potential number of 'new' poor suggests that it could be as high as 4,5
 million. This estimate, which excludes any adjustments for possible
 underreporting of expenditure, child cost economies and household
 economies of scale, and the 'social wage', is whittled down as we attempt
 to make the relevant allowances. Responding to claims that poverty is
 increasing in the country, the government has pointed to a failure to
 consider the contribution of the social wage to the alleviation of
 poverty. Accordingly, we have also attempted to estimate the impact of the
 social wage. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 59-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181426 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181426 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:59-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass 
Title: Unemployment and aids: the social-democratic challenge for South Africa 
Abstract:
  Addressing Aids and unemployment is one of the greatest challenges facing
 South Africa at present. Health and welfare interventions will be costly
 and are likely to meet with resistance from taxpayers. Expanding
 employment (which will help alleviate poverty and expand the pool of
 taxpayers) is thus necessary. An inclusive social accord could help, but
 only if organised labour is prepared to make concessions, as was the case
 in the new social accords in Australia, Ireland and the Netherlands. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 87-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181435 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181435 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:87-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Wakeford 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wakeford 
Title: The productivity-wage relationship in South Africa: an empirical investigation 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the relationship between labour productivity,
 average real wages and the unemployment rate in South Africa at the
 macroeconomic level, using time-series econometric techniques. There is
 strong evidence of a structural break in 1990, after which time all three
 variables rose rapidly. The break appears to have negatively affected the
 level of employment in the first instance, and subsequently fed through
 into per worker wages and productivity. A long-term equilibrium
 (cointegrating) relationship was found between real wages and
 productivity, but unemployment was apparently unconnected to the system,
 which lends support to the insider-outsider theory. A long-term
 wage-productivity elasticity of 0,58 indicates that productivity has grown
 more rapidly than wages, which is consistent with the finding that
 labour's share of gross output has been shrinking over the past decade.
 These trends may be explained plausibly by the adoption of job-shedding
 technology and capital intensification. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 109-132 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181444 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181444 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:109-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rob Davies 
Author-X-Name-First: Rob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davies 
Author-Name: Dirk Ernst van Seventer 
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Ernst 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Seventer 
Title: A three-gap and macrodecomposition analysis for South Africa, 1993-2002 
Abstract:
  The South African government is evaluating the economy's performance over
 its first decade in power. This period can be characterised by a 'double'
 liberalisation: democratisation of the political process going hand in
 hand with liberalisation of the economy. This article provides a broad
 overview of the macroeconomic aspects of this liberalisation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 133-153 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181453 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181453 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:133-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nick Vink 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vink 
Title: The influence of policy on the roles of agriculture in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article provides a framework for the analysis of the relationship
 between different macroeconomic, sector and commodity policies and the
 multiplier effects of agriculture. It starts with a listing of the
 macroeconomic, sector and commodity policies that have been included in
 the analysis. These should be considered in conjunction with the likely
 roles of agriculture along each of the dimensions of the social, poverty
 and cultural roles of agriculture. These policies and roles should be
 conceptualised as the vertical and horizontal axes respectively of a
 'policy role' matrix. The 'cells' of this matrix - the policy role
 interactions - are discussed with respect to the immediate macroeconomic,
 agricultural, economic, institutional and social impact of the policy
 change on the agricultural sector at farm, regional, national and
 multinational levels, and thereafter on the role of agriculture in terms
 of each of the dimensions identified above. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 155-177 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181462 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181462 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:155-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Penelope Hawkins 
Author-X-Name-First: Penelope 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins 
Title: South Africa's financial sector ten years on: performance since democracy 
Abstract:
  The South African financial sector, defined as the banking, insurance and
 securities industries, has contributed to the growth of the economy since
 democracy in terms of growth in assets and value added, although its
 provision of financial services to the poor has been less impressive. The
 article takes a broad approach to evaluating the performance of the sector
 in terms of the balance between stability and innovation, and the balance
 between efficiency and allocation of resources. While the financial system
 has proved to be stable, innovation has generally been for the high-value,
 contested market. In terms of cost efficiencies and provision of services
 to small businesses and poorer consumers, there is room for improvement.
 The performance of the sector is linked to the regulatory regime, and the
 extent to which the sector will be able to improve its allocative
 performance will be influenced by mooted regulatory changes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 179-204 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181471 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181471 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:179-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Hodge 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodge 
Title: Universal service through roll-out targets and licence conditions: lessons from telecommunications in South Africa 
Abstract:
  A priority for the post-apartheid government was the extension of basic
 infrastructure services to the vast majority of citizens that were not
 serviced under apartheid. The Reconstruction and Development Programme set
 objectives for each of these utilities that would be achieved in the first
 decade of democracy, while departmental policy aimed to find means of
 achieving these targets. The strategy of choice in most sectors was one of
 ambitious roll-out targets being set for utility operators. Targets were
 set for individual residential service ('universal service') and for
 community service outside of individual homes ('universal access'). While
 most utilities remained under public ownership, in telecommunications
 there was partial privatisation of the incumbent Telkom and the entry of
 privately owned mobile cellular operators. This article examines how
 roll-out targets and licence conditions for universal service have
 performed in this sector where private operators exist. It examines the
 failure of the Telkom licence and draws out some lessons for policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 205-225 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181480 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181480 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:205-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Title: The role for competition policy in economic development: the South African experience 
Abstract:
  Competition policy is part of the new international orthodoxy in economic
 policy and, at the same time, was viewed in South Africa as a crucial
 element of economic transformation. This article reviews the role of
 competition policy in economic development and the experiences of
 developing countries such as Brazil and South Korea. It then assesses the
 effects of competition policy in South Africa after 1994, with the main
 focus being on the performance of the new competition institutions
 established in 1999. The case of the steel industry is used to assess the
 approach and impact of the institutions in a concentrated sector that has
 simultaneously undergone processes of liberalisation and domestic
 consolidation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 227-243 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000181499 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000181499 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:1:p:227-243




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maylene Damoense 
Author-X-Name-First: Maylene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Damoense 
Author-Name: Alan Simon 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simon 
Title: An analysis of the impact of the first phase of South Africa's motor industry development programme (midp), 1995-2000 
Abstract:
  The South African motor vehicle industry is an important branch of the
 local manufacturing sector, contributing significantly to manufacturing
 value added and employment. Over the last decade, the local industry has
 undergone a series of policy reforms, and in recent years has increasingly
 been exposed to globalisation. This article reviews the role of government
 policy in shaping the industry, and examines the impact of the first phase
 of the Motor Industry Development Programme on the industry for the period
 1995-2000 in respect of domestic production, automotive industry
 employment, export performance and the automotive trade balance. The
 article concludes that even though the industry registered strong export
 growth that contributed to improving the automotive trade deficit, it was
 deficient in sustaining domestic production and employment levels. The
 imminent challenge for the local industry's development is to maintain its
 export growth trajectory in the long term in the absence of costly
 government protective incentive mechanisms. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 251-269 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219532 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219532 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:251-269




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Christine Streak 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Streak 
Title: The gear legacy: did gear fail or move South Africa forward in development? 
Abstract:
  This article describes the economic and development policy legacy of the
 Growth, Employment and Redistribution (Gear) programme. It considers the
 arguments for and against Gear, and attempts to answer the question
 whether or not the programme has moved us forward in development. The
 economic legacy is described as dismal development outcomes but excellent
 macroeconomic policy outcomes. The policy legacy is described as
 continuing with Gear in some respects, but also incorporating a shift in
 development strategy that takes into account critique of Gear from the
 left and proposes a more active and direct role for the state in
 employment creation. This shift is seen as positive because the key
 challenge in the post-Gear period is how to use the state more effectively
 to create jobs and provide income for the poor. The overview of the
 arguments for and against Gear finds most of the former to be thin.
 Moreover, it highlights conceptual flaws in the strategy that explain why
 it failed to produce the promised employment creation and poverty
 reduction by the end of the programming period (1996-2000). However, there
 is no clear answer to the question of whether or not Gear has failed -
 would an alternative policy have produced better outcomes in the period?
 Also, Gear has improved the private investment climate and produced better
 resource and institutional conditions for government to play a more active
 role in pushing future development. Whichever way it is argued, a key
 point that emerges is that development prospects will remain gloomy if the
 government reverts back to the strategy of relying largely on the private
 sector to reduce poverty, and fails to do more itself via effective income
 support programmes for the poor. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 271-288 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219541 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219541 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:271-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oludele Akinloye Akinboade 
Author-X-Name-First: Oludele Akinloye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinboade 
Title: The relationship between budget deficit and interest rates in South Africa: some econometric results 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the budget deficit-interest rate relationships
 in South Africa, using two econometric methods: the London School and the
 Granger-causality methods. The results suggest that budget deficits have
 no effect on interest rates in South Africa. The causality results
 reinforce this finding by indicating that budget deficit and interest
 rates in this country are independent. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-302 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219550 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219550 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:289-302




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theovander Merwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Theovander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merwe 
Title: The occupational pillar of the South African pension system 
Abstract:
  In a study on pension reform, the World Bank recommended a multi-pillar
 pension system to provide for pension needs. The South African pension
 system rests on three pillars: an occupational pillar, a voluntary saving
 pillar, and a redistributional pillar. The main focus of this article is
 on the first pillar. South Africa has a well-developed occupational
 pension system, but several problem areas remain, such as limited
 coverage, lack of competition between funds, and the taxation of funds. To
 improve the occupational pension pillar it is recommended that licences
 should be made available to private pension fund administrators (PPFAs) to
 launch new open pension funds, as was done in Chile. Such PPFAs could
 extend coverage, promote competition between funds, and also cater for the
 specific needs of lower-income individuals. If PPFAs do not perform
 satisfactorily, their licences may be withdrawn and made available to new
 bidders. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 303-327 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219569 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219569 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:303-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolf PA Dauskardt 
Author-X-Name-First: Rolf PA 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dauskardt 
Title: Financial improvement planning in local governments in Southern Africa, with special reference to Zambia 
Abstract:
  Continuing decentralisation in most developing countries increases
 pressure on local governments to manage more functions and services and
 larger budgets. In this context, financial improvement planning (FIP) is a
 strategy that can be used by local governments wishing to improve or
 'fine-tune' their financial performance, and especially by those facing
 serious financial difficulties. This article examines the application of
 FIP in the town of Kitwe, Zambia, which faces financial difficulties
 within a national decentralisation framework characterised by several
 policy and fiscal deficiencies. The article covers how an FIP framework
 was developed, undertaken and the resultant interventions structured.
 Implications regarding the role, design and techniques of FIP in local
 governments within a decentralisation policy framework are elaborated
 upon. Effective decentralisation in southern African countries requires
 local governments to undertake sound financial management. In turn, this
 requires local governments to embrace challenging local policy processes.
 Development of FIP techniques, and strengthening local capacity and policy
 to support them in local governments, should be ingredients of any
 country's decentralisation programme. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 329-351 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219587 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219587 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:329-351




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Happy Kufigwa Siphambe 
Author-X-Name-First: Happy Kufigwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siphambe 
Title: Botswana's economy and labour market: are there any lessons for SADC regional integration? 
Abstract:
  Regional integration is a necessity for sustainable development and the
 generation of dynamic growth amongst SADC countries. For real integration
 to be achieved, there is a need for deep integration, which allows
 countries to surrender part of their sovereignty to a supranational power
 that will be responsible for bringing in uniformity amongst member nations
 in terms of policies and action. Countries in the region, even those like
 Botswana that have done well economically, share problems of poverty, high
 unemployment and disparity in income distribution. Botswana, however, has
 some lessons to offer to the region, coming mainly from its prudent
 management of the economy, democracy and peace. As regional integration
 may lead to underinvestment in skills development if not properly
 coordinated, countries need to pursue employment creation more vigorously. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 353-364 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219578 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219578 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:353-364




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdul Kamara 
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamara 
Author-Name: Hilmy Sally 
Author-X-Name-First: Hilmy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sally 
Title: Water management options for food security in South Africa: scenarios, simulations and policy implications 
Abstract:
  Recent research activities of the International Water Management
 Institute on water and food security have led to the development of a
 user-friendly simulation model, Podium, to test national policy options on
 water allocation to different uses. This article presents an application
 of the model to South Africa, where water resources development and
 management constitute a high national priority. Data on demography,
 nutritional requirements, food imports and exports, climate and hydrology
 are used to create scenarios about meeting future water requirements for
 food production while simultaneously satisfying the water requirements of
 other sectors. The simulation results highlight the need to improve
 productivity in irrigation and also intensify rainfed agriculture to avoid
 future food insecurity, especially under high population projections.
 Merely expanding irrigated areas will not make significant impacts on
 national-level food security. There also appears to be scope for
 increasing domestic per capita water consumption without altering current
 diversions for agriculture and other requirements. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 365-384 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219596 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219596 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:365-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Gerald Hosking 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Gerald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosking 
Author-Name: Mariodu Preez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariodu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preez 
Title: The valuation of water for conservation projects in South Africa 
Abstract:
  A number of water development and conservation programmes are currently
 being undertaken in South Africa, one of the most notable being the
 Working for Water Programme. The economic rationale underlying the
 programme in selected mountain catchments in the Western Cape was
 presented by Van Wilgen et al. (South African Journal of Science, 93:
 404-11, 1997) and Marais (Unpublished, PhD thesis, University of
 Stellenbosch, 1998). A cost-benefit analysis of the Working for Water
 Programme in the Mgeni catchment in KwaZulu-Natal was conducted by Gillham
 & Haynes (Unpublished paper presented at Tenth South African National
 Hydrology Symposium, 2001). Cost-benefit analysis has also been conducted
 in the Eastern Cape by Hosking & Du Preez (South African Journal of
 Science, 95: 442-8, 1999). There are, however, aspects of these
 assessments which merit more attention than they have been given thus far.
 One of these aspects is the value of water benefits, and this article
 examines it from the perspectives of marginal cost and willingness to pay.
 It is shown that different approaches are appropriate for different
 project locations, and that significantly different results are being
 obtained using these approaches. It is concluded that great care is needed
 in relating the value of water benefits to the specifics of the various
 locations where the conservation project is being implemented. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 385-398 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219604 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219604 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:385-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanvan Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johanvan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rooyen 
Author-Name: Willem Reitsma 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reitsma 
Title: The future effect of e-business on treasury and risk management systems and treasury management in South Africa 
Abstract:
  'Internet' and 'e-business' are words that have become part of today's
 business world. Invariably we hear of the effect thereof on the way we
 used to do things, due to the shift in paradigm from command and control
 to a more open globalised, multi-polar world. Traditional ways of doing
 business are fast becoming redundant, as they are not able to cater for
 the needs of a business in cyberspace. New technology has helped create
 new risks and more volatility in the financial environment due to the ease
 with which information is spread. To benefit from the many new
 developments that allow more efficient marketing, improved productivity,
 lower costs, better service, and better access to financial resources, a
 rethink or re-engineering of the way we used to do things will be
 necessary. Doing business in cyberspace means getting involved in an
 environment where all rules have not yet emerged and where breach of
 security is a very real threat. E-business has important implications for
 South Africa as an emerging economy, as it creates the possibility for
 better access to various financial resources and eventual increased
 economic activity. This will affect all sectors in the economy and may
 lead to generally improved business infrastructure for the country as
 whole and for individual businesses, local authorities and government
 treasury departments. This is especially important for South Africa as a
 developing country as it may lead to a stronger economy, which, in turn,
 will make an important contribution to more rapid alleviation of poverty
 and more rapid reform in the long run. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 399-414 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000219613 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000219613 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:399-414




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Todd Benson 
Author-X-Name-First: Todd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Benson 
Author-Name: Charles Machinjili 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Machinjili 
Author-Name: Lawrence Kachikopa 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kachikopa 
Title: Poverty in Malawi, 1998 
Abstract:
  A description of the poverty analysis of the 1997/8 Malawi Integrated
 Household Survey is presented. Basic needs poverty lines were developed
 and used with consumption-based measures of welfare to classify households
 and individuals as poor or non-poor. As the quality of the consumption
 data was not uniform across survey sample households, adjustments were
 made in the analysis to derive a more accurate assessment of the
 prevalence of poverty across the country. Poverty and inequality estimates
 for the population of Malawi are made. About 65 per cent of Malawi's
 population are unable to meet their basic needs. Poverty in Malawi is deep
 and pervasive. Within the context of the Malawi Poverty Reduction
 Strategy, the distribution of household welfare is examined more closely
 to guide government action to assist poor households in improving their
 own well-being. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 419-441 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265423 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265423 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:419-441




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Arnall 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnall 
Author-Name: Jose Furtado 
Author-X-Name-First: Jose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Furtado 
Author-Name: Jaboury Ghazoul 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaboury 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghazoul 
Author-Name: Cobus de Swardt 
Author-X-Name-First: Cobus 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Swardt 
Title: Perceptions of informal safety nets: A case study from a South African informal settlement 
Abstract:
  The relevance and importance of informal safety nets that buffer poor
 households from livelihood hardships have been given little attention in
 South Africa's development programmes to date. This article contributes to
 the understanding of informal safety nets by investigating local
 perceptions in a South African informal settlement. The main findings of
 the study are that families perform an important safety net function, but
 that these sources of assistance can be susceptible to social isolation.
 Immediate neighbours and friends also play an important safety net role,
 but these reciprocal-based sources of assistance may be difficult to
 secure. Community-wide threats can have a severe impact on people's
 ability to engage in safety net transfers. Many of these difficulties stem
 from South Africa's structural unemployment crisis. This factor is the
 greatest danger to the future of the informal safety net system in the
 informal settlement. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 443-460 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265432 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265432 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:443-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jolene Skordis 
Author-X-Name-First: Jolene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skordis 
Author-Name: Matthew Welch 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Welch 
Title: Comparing alternative measures of household income: Evidence from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell's plain survey 
Abstract:
  Household income is widely used for economic and sociological analysis,
 yet little emphasis has been placed on the optimal way to gather household
 income data. The Khayelitsha/Mitchell's Plain Survey provides a unique
 opportunity to explore alternative ways of measuring household income.
 This study compares the estimates obtained from a household module with
 those obtained from detailed income data collected in the adult module of
 the survey. Estimates derived from individual income data tend to be
 higher and have greater variation than those obtained from the household
 module. This difference between income estimates has a material impact on
 the secondary analysis of income data. The Gini coefficient, a simple
 measure of income-inequality, is used in this study to illustrate how
 household income measured at the household level underestimates household
 income inequality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 461-481 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265441 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265441 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:461-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Augustus Kapungwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Augustus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapungwe 
Title: Poverty in Zambia: Levels, patterns and trends 
Abstract:
  This article presents the results of the analysis of levels, patterns and
 trends in the incidence of poverty in Zambia between 1991 and 1998, based
 on data captured in nationally representative surveys. In 1998, about 73
 per cent of the households in Zambia were poor, the majority of which were
 extremely poor. Most poor households were in rural areas, with wide inter-
 and intra-provincial and district variations. The incidence of poverty
 also varied according to employment status and sector, as well as by
 district, gender, marital status, education and stratum of head of the
 household. In general, households headed by females, those without any
 formal education, unpaid family workers, the inactive, the self-employed,
 and those in agriculture, forestry and fishing recorded the highest
 incidence of poverty, with those employed in private households being
 affected the worst. In spite of the general increase in poverty
 nationally, most rural provinces registered declines while urban areas
 experienced increases in the incidence of poverty during the period under
 review. Furthermore, except for the agricultural/forestry, mining and
 quarrying, and electricity and gas sectors, the incidence of poverty
 increased in all the other sectors while remaining almost the same in the
 real estate sector. The direction and magnitude in the incidence of
 poverty between 1991 and 1998 were also associated with gender, education,
 employment status, employment sector, and residence of head of the
 household, as well as size of the household. Based on the analysis, the
 article strongly recommends revision in the measurement of poverty,
 investigation of the types of coping strategies adopted by the poor, and
 the extent to which these impact on the general well-being and
 productivity of vulnerable households in Zambia. The need for more
 qualitative data has also been highlighted. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 483-507 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265450 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265450 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:483-507




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Essama-Nssah 
Author-X-Name-First: B. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Essama-Nssah 
Title: Empowerment and poverty-focused evaluation 
Abstract:
  There is an intimate relationship between development and evaluation, to
 the extent that the very definition of development entails a value
 judgment about things that are worth promoting. Thus, the goal of
 development defines the metric for assessing its effectiveness. In the
 face of the challenge presented by the limited success of past development
 efforts, the development community has been searching for a new paradigm.
 Empowerment is emerging not only as an ultimate goal of development, but
 also as a fundamental determinant of its effectiveness. Furthermore, this
 perspective of development has prompted the international community to
 declare poverty eradication a fundamental objective of development and,
 therefore, a benchmark measure of the performance of socio-economic
 systems. This article examines some implications of this view of
 development for both the focus and the method of evaluation. The
 institutional dimension in assessing effectiveness is emphasised. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 509-530 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265469 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265469 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:509-530




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gastao Lukanu 
Author-X-Name-First: Gastao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukanu 
Author-Name: Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Peter Greenfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenfield 
Author-Name: Steve Worth 
Author-X-Name-First: Steve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Worth 
Title: Farmers' cash crop cultivation decisions in Southern Niassa province, Mozambique 
Abstract:
  The aim of this study was to evaluate socially farmers' decisions about
 the cultivation of cash crops. It specifically assessed the feasibility of
 World Relief-SempreVerde scheme by investigating the agricultural
 promoters; the factors influencing farmers' decisions to adopt, reject,
 discontinue or continue with the promoted crops; and the support required
 for improving the food and income security of smallholder farmers. The
 research took place in nine villages in Cuamba district, Niassa province,
 Mozambique. It involved a survey of 245 farmers stratified according to
 gender and wealth. Focus group discussions, questionnaires and interviews
 with leaders, farmers and managers of promoter institutions were used. A
 model for introducing cash crops is proposed. This research suggests that
 agricultural promoters should look to cash crops that can be intercropped
 with existing food crops; explore dry season agricultural activity; select
 drought-, pest- and disease-resistant crops; provide markets for existing
 crops; promote perennial crops; build a well-organised extension, credit
 and buying system; and/or incorporate livestock in the existing farming
 system. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-554 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265478 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265478 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:531-554




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaco Vermaak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermaak 
Author-Name: Dewald van Niekerk 
Author-X-Name-First: Dewald 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk 
Title: Disaster risk reduction initiatives in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The field of disaster management in South Africa has developed
 dramatically over the past seven years. The paradigm shift from civil
 protection to disaster risk management brought with it the realisation
 that the management of disaster risk is paramount to reducing successfully
 the vulnerability of these communities most at risk. The resilience and
 coping mechanisms of communities affected by disasters have demonstrated
 the importance of local and traditional knowledge in the reduction of risk
 and the effects of hazards. This article aims to explore various
 initiatives for disaster risk reduction in South Africa undertaken by
 government departments and non-governmental organisations from 1994 to
 2003. It describes the various methods and systems employed to reduce risk
 and vulnerability. A case study of the February 2000 floods in the Limpopo
 province of South Africa provides insight into local coping mechanisms and
 indigenous methods of risk reduction. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 555-574 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265487 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265487 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:555-574




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Likeleli Makhotla 
Author-X-Name-First: Likeleli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makhotla 
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: Do home gardens improve the nutrition of rural pre-schoolers in Lesotho? 
Abstract:
  In this study, the contribution of household gardens to the nutritional
 status of pre-schoolers in Lesotho was investigated. The anthropometric
 status of children under five years of age was measured in five randomly
 selected villages in five districts of Lesotho during November and
 December 1999. In each district, the nutritional status of an average of
 538 children was assessed. Production from household gardens was
 investigated to determine whether households had access to vegetables
 throughout the year. Despite a significant association between the
 presence of home gardens and lower incidences of wasting and underweight,
 the nutritional status of children in households with or without home
 gardens in sampled areas is poor. Some 49 per cent of children from
 households with food gardens were stunted, 29 per cent were underweight,
 and 24 per cent showed wasting. Many households do not produce enough
 vegetables rich in vitamin A to meet both their consumption and
 nutritional needs. Recommendations include intensified production of a
 wider mix of crops that include starchy crops, vitamin A-rich vegetables
 and fruit trees to ensure a significant impact on children's nutritional
 status. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 575-581 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000265496 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000265496 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:3:p:575-581




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roger Behrens 
Author-X-Name-First: Roger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrens 
Author-Name: Lisa Kane 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kane 
Title: Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in congested networks: evidence and implications 
Abstract:
  This article reviews explanations of, and international empirical
 evidence for, 'induced' traffic as a result of increased road capacity and
 'suppressed' traffic as a result of decreased road capacity. In essence,
 the former refers to new traffic appearing as a result of new road
 construction, while the latter refers to traffic disappearing as a result
 of road closure. Despite problems with the available data and their
 measurement, it is concluded that - with the caveats of either
 pre-existing congestion in the case of capacity increases or no spare
 capacity in the case of capacity decreases - the weight of evidence
 indicates that induced and suppressed traffic are indeed real phenomena.
 It is argued that the link between traffic and road capacity is therefore
 far more complex than previously understood. The implications this has for
 both urban passenger transport planning practice and policy formulation
 are discussed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 587-602 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288806 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288806 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:587-602




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaisa Korhonen 
Author-X-Name-First: Kaisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Korhonen 
Author-Name: Ossi Rahkonen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ossi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahkonen 
Author-Name: Elina Hemminki 
Author-X-Name-First: Elina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemminki 
Title: Implications of integrated nature conservation for human reproductive health: a case study from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar 
Abstract:
  This article explores the impact of national parks, established as
 integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), on human
 reproductive health, using Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar as a
 case study. A comparative approach, studying the villages within and
 beyond the park area, was used. Statistical information, semi-structured
 key person and focus group interviews, observation, as well as previous
 literature, were used. The article illustrates how health programmes of
 the park project attempted to meet local needs, but how cultural and
 economic issues affected the success of the project. The study concludes
 that the impact of the ICDP on human reproductive health was modest.
 However, the human aspects in conservation have to be emphasised in the
 future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 603-621 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288815 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288815 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:603-621




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Kaplan 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplan 
Title: Manufacturing in South Africa over the last decade: a review of industrial performance and policy 
Abstract:
  This article outlines South Africa's comparative industrial performance
 over approximately the last two decades. It then examines the policies
 effected by the Department of Trade and Industry since 1994 to promote the
 development of industry. The focus is on the sector-specific supports
 available to the auto and auto components and the clothing and textiles
 sectors. The final section locates these sector-specific support measures
 within a broader discussion of industrial policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 623-644 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288824 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288824 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:623-644




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Turpie 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turpie 
Author-Name: Alison Joubert 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Joubert 
Title: The value of flower tourism on the Bokkeveld Plateau - a botanical hotspot 
Abstract:
  The Bokkeveld Plateau is situated at the interface between the Cape
 Floristic Region and the Succulent Karoo and has high levels of endemism
 and plant biodiversity. During spring, the area attracts tourists to view
 the wildflowers in bloom. Wildflower tourism has been suggested as a means
 to protect the plant biodiversity of the region. A questionnaire survey
 was used to estimate the value of flower tourism and to explore visitors'
 preferences for different attributes of their experience. The travel-cost
 method, conjoint modelling and direct questions were used. It was
 estimated that R2,35 million is spent annually in the area. According to
 the travel-cost analysis, the average consumer surplus was R28 per person.
 On average, 37 per cent of visitor enjoyment came from seeing expanses or
 carpets of flowers and 26 per cent from seeing the variety of flowers. The
 average length of stay would be reduced to 37 per cent of its original
 length if there were no flowers present. The conjoint analysis showed that
 seeing carpets of flowers contributed by far the most to the scores given
 to scenarios, as compared with seeing a variety of species of flowers or
 bulbs. Biodiversity conservation will therefore depend on marketing the
 biodiversity and other attributes of the area rather than relying on the
 visual displays that are highly weather dependent. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 645-662 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288833 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288833 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:645-662




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amin Kamete 
Author-X-Name-First: Amin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamete 
Title: Repositioning the urban environment question in Zimbabwe: a review of the context, conditions and processes 
Abstract:
  This analysis is a reappraisal of two perspectives in urban development
 in Zimbabwe: environmental sustainability and human sustenance. The
 discussion seeks to reposition the conservation-survival debate by
 broadening it to the wider urban and national macroeconomic and
 sociopolitical context. It re-examines Zimbabwe's environmental problems
 by examining the challenges posed by urbanisation, industrialisation and
 informalisation. To these 'permanent' strands are added the 'transient'
 phenomena of structural adjustment and indigenisation. The analysis is
 done within the overall national macroeconomic and sociopolitical
 environment. The article examines environmental sustainability and human
 sustenance as the two policy challenges that have to be reconciled in the
 quest for sustainable urban settlements in Zimbabwe. The analysis stresses
 that the exercise of striking a balance between the needs of humankind and
 those of nature has to take cognisance of the complexity of issues and the
 processes going on elsewhere in the urban and national context. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 663-686 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288842 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288842 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:663-686




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maura Andrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Maura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew 
Author-Name: Roddy Fox 
Author-X-Name-First: Roddy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fox 
Title: 'Undercultivation' and intensification in the Transkei: a case study of historical changes in the use of arable land in Nompa, Shixini 
Abstract:
  The large areas of abandoned arable fields in the communal areas of the
 Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal are often interpreted as evidence that
 rural people are no longer interested in farming and largely rely on
 off-farm sources of income for their survival. However, this case study of
 land-use practices in one village shows that farmers in the Transkeian
 coastal belt have not abandoned cultivation, but have shifted from the
 extensive cultivation of maize in distant fields to the intensive
 intercropping of maize and other food crops in fenced gardens adjacent to
 homesteads. Studies of yields from fields and gardens indicate that this
 has been an effective intensification strategy adopted by rural households
 to maintain yields in the face of shrinking resources and increasing
 risks. Evidence of changing land-use practices is presented and the
 reasons for these changes identified and evaluated. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 687-706 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288851 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288851 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:687-706




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Thipe Ntsime 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Thipe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntsime 
Title: Deconstructing sustainable development: towards a participatory methodology for natural resource management 
Abstract:
  The concept of sustainable development has conceivably been superseded by
 notions of natural resources management, which over the years have
 acquired a high conservationist status. This does not come as a surprise
 because, historically, sustainable development has become the
 quintessential paradigm for addressing the unsustainable use of natural
 resources such as land, water, soil, sea and minerals. Politicians and
 other important people in society converge every ten years to deliberate
 over the disastrous effects of unsustainable development. Often, such
 meetings are concerned about the symptoms and not the causes of problems
 such as poverty, unfair trade relations, deepening global economic
 disparities, disease, pollution and the damage to the environment. The
 outcomes of these meetings are noted in the form of pledges and signed
 agreements, as happened not long ago in Johannesburg at the World Summit
 for Sustainable Development. The shortcomings of these texts are that they
 do not consider the context within which sustainable or unsustainable
 development takes place, let alone the causes thereof. Politicians get
 caught up in the application of the most commonly used notions and
 principles of sustainable development. If this concept is to become
 meaningful to the world at large, then the point of departure is to
 deconstruct the underpinned discourse. As this article does not claim to
 know it all or to have all the solutions, the focus of the discussion will
 be limited to South Africa's local context. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 707-718 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288860 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288860 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:707-718




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M Fana Sihlongonyane 
Author-X-Name-First: M Fana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sihlongonyane 
Title: Response to 'Gender equality rights versus traditional practices' by John C Daly 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 719-725 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288879 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288879 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:719-725




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Lundahl 
Author-X-Name-First: Mats 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundahl 
Author-Name: Lennart Petersson 
Author-X-Name-First: Lennart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersson 
Title: The South African dream and the three stumbling blocks 
Abstract:
  Most South Africans nurture a strong hope for a better future. The South
 African economy, however, has considerable problems with respect to both
 growth and employment, which in turn reduce the scope for redistribution
 of the national income. This article deals with a number of stumbling
 blocks that the political and economic decision makers may be tripped by
 and which may make the South African dream nothing but a dream. These are:
 obstacles to growth, increasing economic and social differences, and
 unfavourable political development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 727-742 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288888 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288888 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:727-742




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Roberts 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts 
Title: Investment in South Africa - a comment on recent contributions 
Abstract:
  This article questions the interpretation of investment made by Fedderke
 et al. in the October 2001 issue of Development Southern Africa, in
 particular the conclusion that the higher investment rates of
 manufacturing in the 1990s are associated with the reduction in state
 intervention. Rather than improved manufacturing investment, the striking
 feature of the 1990s is the low level of investment by the government and
 parastatals. After making a brief review of investment performance over
 the past decade, manufacturing investment at the sectoral level is
 assessed, highlighting the very large investments in heavy industries. It
 is state support in the form of development finance from the Industrial
 Development Corporation that underlies these patterns, and not the
 withdrawal of the state as argued by Fedderke et al. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 743-756 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000288897 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000288897 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:4:p:743-756




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ted Baumann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ted 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baumann 
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 763-764 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835052000340806 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835052000340806 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:763-764




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: The impact of the South African government's SMME programmes: a ten-year review (1994-2003) 
Abstract:
  This article critically reviews the impacts of the first ten years of the
 national government's small, medium and microenterprise (SMME) programmes.
 In particular, the evaluative focus is in terms of impacts in relation to
 a range of policy objectives, including poverty alleviation, job creation
 and the enhancement of national economic growth as part of post-apartheid
 reconstruction. Key findings relate, inter alia, to the weak state of
 official data for undertaking impact evaluation; the fact that the SMME
 economy exhibits only a weak contribution as regards employment creation
 because most SMMEs do not grow; and, the fact that existing government
 SMME programmes largely have been biased towards the groups of small and
 medium-sized enterprises and, to a large extent, have bypassed
 microenterprises and the informal economy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 765-784 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325697 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325697 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:765-784




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ted Baumann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ted 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baumann 
Title: Pro-poor microcredit in South Africa: cost-efficiency and productivity of South African pro-poor microfinance institutions 
Abstract:
  This article compares the performance of selected South African
 microcredit non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that have a
 poverty-alleviation focus against various benchmarks drawn from the
 MicroBanking Bulletin. Donors, governments and many analysts regard
 sustainability as the benchmark of microfinance institutions' (MFIs)
 performance. However, the most relevant question is whether microcredit
 NGOs are doing as well as they can in their context. Of particular
 contextual importance is income inequality in a society. South Africa has
 the world's second worst income inequality, after neighbouring Botswana.
 This creates a situation in which microcredit NGOs must recover 'First
 World' costs, particularly salaries, from revenues based on clients who
 can only afford loans on a par with Third World countries. Compounding
 this situation are structural obstacles to microenterprise in South
 Africa, as well as obstacles to productivity in microcredit NGOs. Taken
 together, this creates a 'salary burden' for South African microcredit
 NGOs, which is the highest in the world according to relevant benchmarks.
 South African MFI managers face significant obstacles to improving
 productivity to compensate for the divergence between staff and client
 living levels. These include an inadequate skills base, the small scale of
 the market, rapid labour turnover, and limited resources for capacity
 development. South African MFIs face the options of moving upmarket (which
 many have done), adopting methodological innovation or new product
 development, or closure. Of these, there is a strong argument to be made
 for supported savings and credit approaches as an alternative to NGO-based
 microcredit. Such an approach has the advantages of greater voluntary
 input and social capital formation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 785-798 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325705 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325705 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:785-798




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Makina 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makina 
Author-Name: Louisa Malobola 
Author-X-Name-First: Louisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malobola 
Title: Impact assessment of microfinance programmes, including lessons from Khula Enterprise Finance 
Abstract:
  This article discusses approaches to impact assessment of microfinance
 programmes through a survey of empirical literature and findings of an
 impact study of Khula Enterprise Finance, a South African wholesale
 finance institution that facilitates access to financial services by
 small, medium and microenterprises. The article notes that impact
 assessment has now opened up to the needs of a mix of stakeholders and a
 wide range of purposes. There has been a shift from a donor-driven
 approach to a practitioner-led approach that emphasises learning and
 improving practice. Nevertheless, findings of an impact study of Khula
 Enterprise Finance, a characteristically donor-driven type of study,
 indicate a positive impact on the beneficiaries of microfinance,
 especially women in rural areas where they are specifically targeted.
 Furthermore, the impact study shows that lower-income communities in rural
 areas have benefited less than their not-so-poor counterparts in the urban
 areas, an observation that is consistent with findings in other studies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 799-814 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325714 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325714 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:799-814




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Christen 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christen 
Author-Name: Douglas Pearce 
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearce 
Title: Lessons learnt from Nkwe Enterprise Finance 
Abstract:
  Nkwe Enterprise Finance, a financial service to fund microenterprises in
 the North West province, suspended its operations after just over two
 years of lending. This happened against the background of three
 significant events. First, a new apex for pro-poor microfinance was
 designed, which resulted in the need to reconsider the nature of Khula's
 ongoing role as wholesaler to microfinance institutions. Second, the
 Financial Services Charter was signed in October 2003, in which banks
 committed to targets for so-called empowerment lending, including black
 small and medium enterprises. Third, a large number of microfinance
 initiatives continued to fail to reach sustainability and scale. This
 article investigates the reasons for the suspension of Nkwe's activities
 and draws conclusions on the lessons that should be learnt for the future
 development of microenterprise funding in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 815-830 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325688 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325688 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:815-830




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reza Daniels 
Author-X-Name-First: Reza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels 
Title: Financial intermediation, regulation and the formal microcredit sector in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article evaluates demand- and supply-side aspects of the formal
 microcredit sector in South Africa and the environment in which the sector
 is regulated. Although South Africa has a competitive financial sector
 relative to a sample of upper middle-income countries, the historical bias
 towards formal sector banking resulted in a lack of appropriate credit
 instruments for poorer people. In 1992, new regulations facilitated the
 legalisation of microfinance institutions and, by 2000, the sector had
 grown to over 2 per cent of total credit extended by the monetary sector,
 with over 1 300 institutions supplying microcredit to the public. The
 article presents the first statistics of different types of microcredit
 institutions as well as some of their disbursement trends, recorded since
 1999 by the Micro Finance Regulatory Council. Thereafter, the demand for
 credit is assessed between 1995 and 2000, before best-practice regulation
 and South Africa's degree of compliance are discussed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 831-849 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325732 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325732 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:831-849




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pakama Siyongwana 
Author-X-Name-First: Pakama 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siyongwana 
Title: Informal moneylenders in the Limpopo, Gauteng and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa 
Abstract:
  The article provides a critical analysis of the informal (unregistered)
 money-lending business and how it has served as a survival strategy for
 black South Africans. Using data obtained from 657 informal (unregistered)
 micro-moneylenders in three South African provinces, namely the Eastern
 Cape, Gauteng and Limpopo, an analysis is undertaken to highlight how the
 business is organised, conducted and marketed, and how income generated
 from it. Provincial spatial variations and similarities relating to this
 economic activity are noted. Finally, the article aims at highlighting of
 the informal microlenders' responses to affiliation to the Micro Lenders
 Association and registration with the Micro Finance Regulatory Council. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 851-866 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325741 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325741 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:851-866




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haji HH Semboja 
Author-X-Name-First: Haji HH 
Author-X-Name-Last: Semboja 
Title: Small is beautiful, but growth is inevitable: experiences of apex institutions in Senegal and Tanzania 
Abstract:
  This article examines the experiences of two national apex institutions
 in two sub-Saharan African countries, Senegal and Tanzania, which channel
 funds to retail microfinance institutions (MFIs). These two national
 apexes are the Dyna-Enterprises Project and the Small Entrepreneurs Loan
 Facility (SELF) project, which are functioning in Senegal and Tanzania
 respectively. Both Dyna and SELF initially started as small-scale apex
 MFIs and had been conceived with the same vision in mind - facilitation of
 access to financial services for the poor. The initial implementation
 focused on provision of credit through MFIs as well as capacity building.
 The targeted groups of clients are similar, i.e. the disadvantaged, and
 mostly are women groups in urban or peri-urban areas carrying out general
 petty trade activities. Like many apex institutions in sub-Saharan Africa,
 both SELF and Dyna have stimulated demand for more financial support to
 the poor and have shown potential to be transformed into viable commercial
 MFIs. This entails expansion in terms of increased number of staff,
 branches, cost-effective microfinance services, the number and quality of
 financial products, capacity building, outreach and information services.
 The current vision of these national apex institutions is to transform
 into effective, transparent and efficient corporate entities for
 addressing poverty issues through harnessing and targeting funds to needy
 areas, while incorporating microfinance best practices. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 867-878 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 21 
Year: 2004 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835042000325750 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835042000325750 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:21:y:2004:i:5:p:867-878




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ephraim Chirwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Ephraim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirwa 
Title: Adoption of fertiliser and hybrid seeds by smallholder maize farmers in Southern Malawi 
Abstract:
  Despite decades of agricultural policies that promoted the adoption of
 fertiliser and hybrid seed technologies as ways of improving productivity
 in maize farming, smallholder farmers in Malawi have been relatively slow
 to adopt the new technology. Using bivariate probit analysis and
 controlling for technology acquisition through grants, we found that
 fertiliser adoption was positively associated with higher levels of
 education, larger plot sizes and higher non-farm incomes, but negatively
 associated with households headed by women and distance from input
 markets. The adoption of hybrid seeds is positively associated with
 market-based land tenure systems and fertile soils, but negatively
 associated with age of the farmer and distance from input markets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044065 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044065 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:1-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilna Oldewage-theron 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldewage-theron 
Author-Name: Emsie Dicks 
Author-X-Name-First: Emsie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dicks 
Author-Name: Carin Napier 
Author-X-Name-First: Carin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Napier 
Author-Name: Rajab Rutengwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Rajab 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rutengwe 
Title: Situation analysis of an informal settlement in the Vaal Triangle 
Abstract:
  The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has indicated that urban
 poverty is found primarily in squatter settlements. At present one in
 seven (13,5 per cent) of all South African households live in informal
 settlements. The major research question is to what extent the
 interlocking micro-mechanisms identified by UNICEF as causes of
 malnutrition influence the nutrition and health of residents in an
 informal settlement in the Vaal Triangle. This question will be tested
 empirically against the UNICEF framework of immediate, underlying and
 basic causes of malnutrition. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered
 to 340 randomly selected care-givers. A previously validated quantified
 food frequency questionnaire was administered by trained enumerators as
 the test measurement, and 24-hour recall as the reference measurement, for
 dietary intake and food consumption patterns. The data were statistically
 analysed for means and standard deviations. The great majority of the
 respondents (nine out of ten) live in corrugated iron shacks, and
 overcrowding is common; 32 per cent live in two rooms or fewer, 44 per
 cent in three to four rooms and 24 per cent in more than four rooms.
 Thirty-one per cent of the households consisted of six or more members, 19
 per cent of five members, 22 per cent of four members and 28 per cent of
 three or fewer members. The unemployment rate was 94 per cent for
 respondents and 80 per cent for their partners. Two-thirds of care-givers
 (69 per cent) have an income below R500 per month. The main health
 problems that were observed were chronic coughing (44 per cent) and
 headaches (54 per cent). The causes of these were not established. Diets
 were poor and consisted overwhelmingly of refined carbohydrates. The top
 10 food items consumed were: stiff and soft maize meal porridge, brewed
 rooibos and leaf tea, coffee, mabela, white bread, crumbly maize porridge,
 carbonated cold drink and mageu. The daily intakes (mean and standard
 deviation) of various nutrients were: 4550 &#xb1; 1993&#xa0;kJ energy, 20
 &#xb1; 9&#xa0;g protein, 21 &#xb1; 21&#xa0;g fat and 182 &#xb1; 78&#xa0;g
 carbohydrates. The results indicate that this is a poverty-stricken
 community with chronic household food insecurity and compromised
 nutrition. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from this survey will
 improve the planning and implementation of sustainable community-based
 interventions to promote urban household food security and combat
 nutrition-related diseases. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 13-26 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500043794 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500043794 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:13-26




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lire Ersado 
Author-X-Name-First: Lire 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ersado 
Title: Income diversification before and after economic shocks: evidence from urban and rural Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The article examines changes in income and activity diversification in
 Zimbabwe before and after macroeconomic policy changes and the droughts of
 the early 1990s. Data from two comparable national surveys straddling a
 period of economic volatility show that the percentage of households
 earning income from private and informal sources grew considerably, while
 income from government and formal sources declined. In general, rural
 households tend to have a more diversified portfolio of income than urban
 households, and the degree of income diversification decreases with the
 level of urbanisation. Following the shocks, there was a marked reduction
 in income diversification, notably among the poor. The findings thus
 strengthen the need for public provision of well-designed safety nets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 27-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044347 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044347 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:27-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: Development planning and citizenship in Cape Town 
Abstract:
  This article argues that there is a dialectical relationship between
 development planning and citizenship in so far as planners, as
 institutional decision-makers, ensure a meaningful everyday lived
 experience for ordinary people. In post-apartheid South Africa, however,
 the statistical record signals a disjuncture and structural hiatus between
 what should be the basic rights of ordinary people and the role of local
 government in promoting citizen-driven development planning at the
 grassroots level. This article deals specifically with the Wallacedene
 community, who took the planning authorities to court to have their
 constitutional right of access to adequate housing and related services
 enforced. The implications of this court case vis-a-vis development
 planning are considered and recommendations are proffered. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 47-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044412 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044412 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:47-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joy Sammy 
Author-X-Name-First: Joy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sammy 
Author-Name: Christopher Opio 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Opio 
Title: Problems and prospects for conservation and indigenous community development in rural Botswana 
Abstract:
  Community development and conservation programmes have recently been
 combined in the form of community-based natural resource management
 programmes. Community participation is recognized as an integral component
 of these programmes. Communities, however, often lack the administrative
 or technical knowledge to participate fully in the planning and
 implementation of the programmes. As government and non-governmental
 organisations also become involved, the design of programmes becomes more
 complex. Given the diversity of experience, knowledge and interests of
 these stakeholders, disagreements in the design of programmes among and
 within groups are almost unavoidable. Using informal semi-structured
 interviews, workshops and document analysis that involved the indigenous
 peoples, non-governmental organisations and the Government of Botswana, we
 identified the main issues that affect the design of programmes in the
 northern Okavango panhandle in Botswana. These are savings, capacity
 building and training, research, community health, cattle industry,
 conservation of the Okavango Delta, employment, economic diversification,
 natural resource management, land tenure, cultural identity, traditional
 leadership, language and representation in and responsiveness of the
 national government. Strategies for dealing with these issues are
 discussed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 67-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044644 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044644 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:67-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Akokpari 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akokpari 
Title: Strangers in a strange land: citizenship and the immigration debate in Lesotho 
Abstract:
  Lesotho, a small sovereign country located within the borders of the
 Republic of South Africa, displays a paradox as regards immigration. It
 lacks the attributes of a typical receiving country, but it has been
 attractive to immigrants, especially from those countries in sub-Saharan
 Africa which are not members of the Southern African Development Community
 (SADC). Lesotho's attraction to immigrants is explained largely by its
 ability to offer better remuneration for skilled workers than many
 non-SADC sub-Saharan African countries, and by its strategic location as
 an easy transit gate into South Africa, widely perceived as the 'Europe'
 of the continent. However, the influx of immigrants into Lesotho has
 generated a wave of anti-foreigner feelings among sections of the
 population and heightened the debate about the relevance of foreigners to
 national development. The paper reiterates the principal conventional
 arguments against immigration: that it compromises jobs, raises crime
 rates, intensifies the spread of diseases, undermines the homogeneity of
 the state and nation and exerts additional strain on the country's already
 overstretched resources. Demonstrating the limits of these arguments, the
 paper argues that for Lesotho, grappling with unemployment and manpower
 shortages, immigration is an asset rather than a liability because it
 creates jobs, brings in skills that are otherwise in short supply and
 raises the country's international profile and competitiveness. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 87-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044511 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044511 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:87-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: The challenges facing empirical estimation of household food (in)security in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper sets out to describe current principle theoretical positions
 in food security research, describe and compare empirical South African
 food security studies with key international methodologies and pose
 research challenges for food security research in the country. Scant
 available food security studies for South Africa seem to indicate that
 food insecurity and hunger exist and are likely to increase due to
 increasing food price trends, greater reliance on cash food purchases and
 spiralling vulnerability as a result of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality.
 Empirical research is urgently needed to determine the coping strategies
 of households under 'normal' conditions, identify vulnerable households,
 and monitor the impact of various shocks and stresses on household food
 security. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 103-123 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044651 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044651 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:103-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Bichard 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bichard 
Author-Name: Sandrine Dury 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandrine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dury 
Author-Name: Hettie Schonfeldt 
Author-X-Name-First: Hettie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfeldt 
Author-Name: Tshidi Moroka 
Author-X-Name-First: Tshidi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moroka 
Author-Name: Faith Motau 
Author-X-Name-First: Faith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motau 
Author-Name: Nicolas Bricas 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bricas 
Title: Access to urban markets for small-scale producers of indigenous cereals: a qualitative study of consumption practices and potential demand among urban consumers in Polokwane 
Abstract:
  This study of urban residents of Polokwane, the capital of the Limpopo
 province in South Africa, was designed to describe how, where, when and by
 whom sorghum and millet are consumed; how the subjects of the study
 perceived these grains; to what extent the produce of small-scale
 producers was considered acceptable; and to gauge their potential demand
 for products derived from indigenous cereals. Qualitative data were
 collected using individual interviews and focus-group sessions. The
 findings suggest that sorghum, which is easily purchasable in town, is
 widely consumed, mainly as soft porridge, but also as thick porridge,
 fermented porridge and sorghum beer. The age of consumers, the closeness
 of their links with rural areas and their religion influence their
 consumption of sorghum products. Sorghum is seen as being healthy,
 nutritious and traditional, but inconvenient to cook and preserve. Millet,
 which is not readily available in Polokwane, is considered old-fashioned.
 A 'need for tradition', or its opposite, a 'need for modernity', among
 consumers underlies their demand for products derived from indigenous
 cereals, a demand which is only partially satisfied. Many respondents
 would be ready to purchase products originating from small-scale farmers;
 some may believe that the quality of the produce of small farms is better,
 or may feel solidarity with small farmers and want to support them. This
 paper presents ideas for further investigation about the possibility of
 developing specific products and marketing strategies that will allow
 small-scale farmers to meet an unsatisfied urban demand. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 125-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044560 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044560 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:125-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. Serumaga-zake 
Author-X-Name-First: P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Serumaga-zake 
Author-Name: D. Kotze 
Author-X-Name-First: D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotze 
Author-Name: R. Madsen 
Author-X-Name-First: R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madsen 
Title: A descriptive study of the dynamics of relative poverty in the Western Cape province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article provides statistical estimates of the level of relative
 poverty over time in the Western Cape province of South Africa, using data
 sets from Statistics South Africa. It seems that relatively large numbers
 of Black and Coloured households are chronically poor, and that
 substandard education and living conditions are likely to be causing this
 situation. The authors propose short-term and long-term poverty
 alleviation plans that aim to increase accessibility to social services
 and to raise educational levels, to ensure sustainable livelihoods for the
 people concerned. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 143-160 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044610 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044610 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:143-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Preece 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preece 
Author-Name: Dama Mosweunyane 
Author-X-Name-First: Dama 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mosweunyane 
Title: Perceptions of citizenship responsibility amongst Botswana youth 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 161-162 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500044685 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500044685 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:1:p:161-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scarlett Cornelissen 
Author-X-Name-First: Scarlett 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornelissen 
Title: Tourism impact, distribution and development: The spatial structure of tourism in the Western Cape province of South Africa 
Abstract:
  The structural dimensions of a country's tourism sector, and in
 particular the spatial structure of tourism production and consumption,
 relate closely to the nature and extent of the impact that tourism can
 have. This article examines the spatial characteristics of tourism in the
 Western Cape province, one of South Africa's foremost international
 tourist regions, and where its government seeks to use tourism as an
 instrument of development and socio-economic transformation. To understand
 how this could be effected it is necessary to understand the spatial
 distributional effects of tourism, and the underlying reasons for it. To
 this end the article examines the spatial structure of the provincial
 accommodation sector as evidenced in patterns of accommodation supply and
 tourist usage (demand); and trends in the nature, direction and
 distribution of public and private-sector tourism investments. The central
 argument is that tourism is geographically focused, with tourist
 activities concentrated in a few locales and sub-regions. This follows the
 general demographic and economic contours of the province. Yet trends in
 capital investments tend to reinforce the spatial concentration of
 tourism. Attempts by the government to spread tourism's benefits have not
 been too successful due to institutional and capacity deficiencies.
 Greater emphasis should be placed on developing domestic tourism. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 163-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163014 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163014 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:163-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pranitha Maharaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Pranitha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maharaj 
Title: Patterns of condom use: Perspectives of men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  In South Africa, the level of HIV infection is reaching crisis
 proportions. Besides sexual abstinence and mutually monogamous sexual
 relations, use of the condom has an important role to play in curbing the
 further spread of the HIV/AIDS. The aim of this article is to explore the
 extent and determinants of condom use inside and outside the primary
 sexual relationships. The research objectives are addressed using both
 quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The study found that knowledge
 about condoms, as a method of dual protection against the risk of
 pregnancy and disease, is high. Despite this, condoms are not a popular
 method of protection, especially within the primary sexual relationship.
 Consistent with numerous other studies, this study found widespread
 disapproval of condom use. Condoms are more likely to be used in
 non-primary than primary sexual relationships. In both relationships,
 condom use corresponds closely with level of education. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 187-197 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163097 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163097 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:187-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: AA Ligthelm 
Author-X-Name-First: AA 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ligthelm 
Title: Informal retailing through home-based micro-enterprises: The role of spaza shops 
Abstract:
  The informal trade sector constitutes an important part of the South
 African economy, with estimated sales of R32 billion in 2002. Its
 emergence is largely attributed to the divergence between the growth in
 population, especially the urban population, and employment growth in the
 formal economy. Growth of informal enterprises, especially in the retail
 sector, is also thriving on the demand of less affluent households, whose
 household needs for unsophisticated and affordable products are aptly
 supplied by the informal sector. The aim of this article is to focus on
 one of the prominent sub-sectors of informal retailing, namely spaza or
 tuck shops, defined as small retail businesses which operate from a
 residential stand or home. Particular attention is paid to the size, role
 and characteristics of spaza trade in South Africa, which is estimated to
 account for nearly 3 per cent of South Africa's retail trade. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 199-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163030 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163030 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:199-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Pali Lehohla 
Author-X-Name-First: Pali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehohla 
Title: Counting the costs of a twenty-first century census: South Africa's census 2001 
Abstract:
  Increasingly complex societies necessitate the collection of more
 information, or more sophisticated ways of estimation. This places upward
 pressure on the cost of collecting such information, as family structures
 are more complex, mobility more frequent, and willingness to provide
 information declines. As a result, rising census costs have become an
 issue in many countries. South Africa's 2001 Census was arguably the most
 expensive in the country's history. However, assessing the cost of a
 census requires a closer scrutiny of the cost of census-taking as well as
 the procedures that were followed and the benefits that might arise. This
 paper uses information provided by Statistics South Africa to analyse the
 cost of Census 2001 and explore lessons that may be derived for future
 census activities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 215-232 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163279 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163279 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:215-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan-willem van Staden 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan-willem 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staden 
Author-Name: Lochner Marais 
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais 
Title: The tourism potential of Beaufort West: a study based on visitor demand 
Abstract:
  Tourism is increasingly viewed as a key strategy for promoting local
 economic development. The integrated development planning (IDP) process of
 the Beaufort West municipality on the north-eastern border of the Western
 Cape identified tourism as a key to economic progress. Starting from this
 tourism-orientated approach to local economic development, a three-month
 survey of visitors examined the tourist potential of the town, a possible
 tourism product, and an approach to marketing the town as a destination.
 The findings suggested that Beaufort West should develop a 'destination
 brand', portraying the town as a 'tourism gateway' through which important
 sectors such as eco-tourism could be marketed. The profile of the survey
 participants revealed that tourist industries are not fully aware of their
 customer profile and should adjust their offerings to attract family
 visitors. The impact of the N1 route through town was also confirmed in
 the survey, which demonstrated that significant expenditure emanated from
 the high levels of traffic through the town. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 233-249 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163147 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163147 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:233-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aluoneswi Elvis Mafunzwaini 
Author-X-Name-First: Aluoneswi Elvis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mafunzwaini 
Author-Name: Leon Hugo 
Author-X-Name-First: Leon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hugo 
Title: Unlocking the rural tourism potential of the Limpopo province of South Africa: Some strategic guidelines 
Abstract:
  Inadequate economic restructuring and a decline in agricultural
 production in South Africa have reduced the economic opportunities of
 rural communities. They have limited the economic development options of
 rural areas, rendering older development strategies less viable and
 forcing many to look for alternative methods to help them survive and
 prosper. Rural tourism and its associated businesses have emerged among
 the most popular non-traditional options for rural development, because of
 their ability to generate income and jobs. This study examines national
 and international strategies for developing tourism, and investigates the
 opinions of participants in the tourism industry of the Limpopo province,
 with a view to identifying the key strategic issues that can ensure the
 success of rural tourism. The research consisted of a literature study,
 field surveys, and interviews with policy-makers and administrators,
 tourism operators, academics and tourists. The results identify rural
 tourism as a viable development tool for Limpopo province. Six strategic
 issues were identified as fundamental for its success. It is believed that
 these guidelines could also be applied to other rural provinces, thus
 creating a generic strategy for developing rural tourism. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 251-265 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163048 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163048 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:251-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aj Christopher 
Author-X-Name-First: Aj 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christopher 
Title: Further progress in the desegregation of South African towns and cities, 1996-2001 
Abstract:
  Between 1996 and 2001 South African towns and cities have continued the
 slow process of residential desegregation which was first noted in the
 previous inter-census period. The changes have been group-specific and
 place-specific, and the experiences of different groups and regions have
 differed substantially. The key African-White index of dissimilarity
 remains exceptionally high throughout the country, although it has now
 shown some evidence of decline. The Free State stands out as being
 significantly more segregated than the rest of the country. KwaZulu-Natal
 continues to be the most desegregated province and significant changes are
 evident in this respect for most inter-group indices. Nevertheless, the
 vast majority of the urban population continues to live in highly
 segregated suburbs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 267-276 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163006 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163006 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:267-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Mubangizi 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mubangizi 
Author-Name: Betty Mubangizi 
Author-X-Name-First: Betty 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mubangizi 
Title: Poverty, human rights law and socio-economic realities in South Africa 
Abstract:
  South Africa is a nation of immense variety. It has rich cultural
 diversity, an enviable climate and an abundance of natural resources.
 However, it is also a nation with vast economic disparities and a highly
 unequal distribution of income. Hence, in spite of abundant resources and
 a seemingly vibrant economy, South Africa still faces an enormous poverty
 problem that is fundamentally no different from that of other African
 countries. As in many other African countries this problem of poverty is
 compounded by the HIV/AIDS pandemic; by high levels of unemployment; by
 low levels of education; and by a number of other factors. Today, South
 Africa has one of the best constitutions in the world and a Bill of Rights
 that contains an array of justiciable socio-economic rights. The South
 African government has also attempted to alleviate poverty and mitigate
 its effects through progressively developing and expanding a social
 welfare system and other programmes such as the Reconstruction and
 Development Programme (RDP) and the Growth, Employment and Redistribution
 (GEAR) strategy. The purpose of this article is to analyse the role of
 human rights (specifically the Bill of Rights in the Constitution) and
 government efforts to alleviate poverty (through certain programmes and
 service delivery) in the face of adverse socio-economic realities in South
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 277-290 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163311 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163311 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:277-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippe Hugon 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hugon 
Title: The economy of Africa 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 291-292 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500163337 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500163337 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:2:p:291-292




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Crush 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush 
Author-Name: Brian Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Author-Name: Eleanor Gouws 
Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gouws 
Author-Name: Mark Lurie 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lurie 
Title: Migration and HIV/AIDS in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Although migration and HIV/AIDS have been examined separately in South
 Africa, researchers are still far from understanding in detail just how
 and to what extent the two are interconnected. The connections are
 difficult to unravel because HIV/AIDS arrived in the country at a time
 when population mobility and systems of labour migration were undergoing
 rapid transformation. Without a proper understanding of the complexity of
 the country's new migration regime, it will not be possible to understand
 either the role of mobility in the spread of the pandemic or the
 vulnerability to infection of mobile populations. This paper reviews the
 current state of knowledge on the interconnections between mobility and
 HIV and argues for more research that will further understanding of
 migrant vulnerability and the development of appropriate policies and
 models of intervention and care. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 293-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253153 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253153 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:293-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Udjo 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Udjo 
Title: An evaluation of age-sex distributions of South Africa's population within the context of HIV/AIDS 
Abstract:
  Knowledge about the age-sex distribution of a population is valuable for
 planning and decision making as it is a determinant of the future
 development of the population. Various aspects of the age-sex
 distributions of the population of South Africa estimated by Statistics
 South Africa remain controversial. For example, at face value the 1996
 census implies that the overall sex ratio dropped from 97 in 1970 to 92 in
 1996 and 91 in 2001. The 1996 census results also imply that the
 proportion of peoples aged 0-4 dropped from 15 per cent in 1970 to 11 per
 cent in 1996 and 10 per cent in 2001. In an attempt to shed more light on
 these controversies this study evaluates the age-sex distributions from
 the 1996 census, using a novel approach, and also develops model age-sex
 distributions for South Africa as a means of evaluating age-sex
 distributions from the 2001 census, and future censuses and surveys in the
 country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 319-345 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253203 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253203 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:319-345




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peggy Gabo Ntseane 
Author-X-Name-First: Peggy Gabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntseane 
Author-Name: Julia Preece 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preece 
Title: Why HIV/AIDS prevention strategies fail in Botswana: considering discourses of sexuality 
Abstract:
  A phenomenological study that was carried out among five ethnic groups of
 Botswana revealed the importance of taking into account culturally
 situated sexual realities when prevention policies for HIV/AIDS are
 considered and implemented. Furthermore the study threw light on the
 ineffectiveness of the current national HIV/AIDS prevention strategy of
 'Abstain, Be faithful, or use a Condom' (ABC), a strategy that has been
 externally imposed on communities, without sufficiently engaging the
 behavioural practices and values of the communities themselves. This paper
 therefore advocates educational strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention that
 take into consideration localised social relations and value systems.
 Devising policies that engage with the discourses that are dominant in
 each ethnic group can make a difference in a country that has been
 hard-hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 347-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14797580500252910 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14797580500252910 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:347-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Teresa Connor 
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connor 
Title: Place, belonging and population displacement: new ecological reserves in Mozambique and South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the effect the proclamation of conserved areas in
 southern Africa may have on the ability of inhabitants in these areas to
 retain control of ancestral territory and to access long-standing
 livelihood options in the future. In particular, it examines how two
 national parks (in South Africa and Mozambique) effect a change in
 ownership and land use, and the resulting impact of such a change on local
 socio-cultural patterns of identity, or 'place'. This is achieved by
 examining the dilemma confronting social and ecological scientists in
 planning these parks - where interventionist policies often deny customary
 tenure of land and thus prevent a thorough understanding of any historical
 claims to land prior to actual proclamation of the area. Accordingly, this
 paper argues for greater cooperation between social and ecological
 researchers in order to prevent the politicisation of national reserves
 and the intense opposition that has accompanied most instances of
 population displacement in the subcontinent. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 365-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253179 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253179 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:365-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Solani Dennis Mhango 
Author-X-Name-First: Solani Dennis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mhango 
Title: The quality of environmental impact assessment in Malawi: a retrospective analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper draws on a survey of the 32 environmental impact assessment
 (EIA) reports approved in Malawi after six years of mandatory EIA. With
 the aim of assessing the extent to which the requirements of the EIA
 process have been complied with and determining which EIA components
 influenced the apparent compliance, it is shown that the quality of the
 reports is poor, with most of the EIA requirements being unsatisfactorily
 adhered to. The components that contributed to the poor quality are
 analysis of alternatives, consultation and public participation, scoping
 and environmental audit. Substance problems that affect the adequacy of
 the EIAs, practice problems dealing with the administration of the EIA
 process, and contextual problems and deficiencies in the EIA law are
 specifically identified as the flaws responsible for the poor quality. It
 is thus recommended, for EIA quality to improve, that the flaws be
 addressed, and particularly the factors which are inducing them. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 383-408 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14797580500252837 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14797580500252837 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:383-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Poul Wisborg 
Author-X-Name-First: Poul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisborg 
Author-Name: Rick Rohde 
Author-X-Name-First: Rick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rohde 
Title: Contested land tenure reform in South Africa: experiences from Namaqualand 
Abstract:
  In South Africa the distribution of land rights remains a major
 manifestation and cause of injustice, only slowly affected by the
 constitutionally mandated programme of land restitution, redistribution
 and tenure reform. The Transformation of Certain Rural Areas Act 94, 1998
 (Trancraa) is the first post-apartheid legislation to reform 'communal'
 land tenure. It applies to 23 former 'coloured rural areas' and was
 introduced in six areas in Namaqualand in the Northern Cape Province
 during 2001-2. In a different, contested process a Communal Land Rights
 Bill for the former 'homelands' was published in August 2002, adopted by
 Cabinet in 2003 and signed into law in July 2004. While the Communal Land
 Rights Act relies on 'traditional councils' with a majority of non-elected
 members, Trancraa was enacted in the context of the 1997 White Paper of
 South African Land Policy and focused on community choice and the role of
 municipalities. The consultative process in Namaqualand was driven by
 civil society organisations and community actors, but did not include the
 training, finance and development support needed to transform rural
 relations among people affected by unemployment, land scarcity and weak
 local organisations. To promote procedural and substantive justice, tenure
 reform must honour the human rights of equality, redress and land
 development support articulated in land policy and the Constitution. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 409-428 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253260 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253260 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:409-428




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanjeev Sobhee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanjeev 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sobhee 
Title: Analysing and evaluating the taxpayer's demand for merit goods: the case of public sector education and health in Mauritius 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses the average taxpayer's demand for merit goods,
 namely, education and health, in Mauritius, a small developing island
 state. To study these development-related goods, a fresh methodology is
 employed that captures the characteristics of the Mauritian economy. The
 empirical evidence relates to the post-independence period of more than
 three decades, 1973 to 1999 and beyond. The respective demand elasticities
 for each merit good are analysed and evaluated. The findings indicate
 that, contrary to the conventional theory of demand, beneficiaries tend to
 demand more of such goods when their prices are increased, and less when
 they are decreased. The rationale for this behaviour is that people, in
 general, and taxpayers, in particular, being quality conscious, increase
 their demand when they are asked to pay more, expecting in return an
 improvement in the quality of services. However, there is evidence that
 over these three decades users' preferences have shifted, particularly in
 the case of education, towards private provision, indicating less reliance
 on public sector provision, and that during the years of structural
 adjustments the demand for these services was severely suppressed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 429-439 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253088 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253088 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:429-439




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvain Guyot 
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guyot 
Title: Political dimensions of environmental conflicts in Kosi Bay, South Africa: significance of the new post-apartheid governance system 
Abstract:
  The new demarcation of land in Kosi Bay, aimed at reversing the spatial
 legacy of apartheid, has resulted in competition and new environmental
 conflicts between political structures, conservation authorities and local
 communities. The current complex governance framework is attempting to
 overcome the problems created by the political structures of the apartheid
 era, during which time the declaration of natural areas for conservation
 resulted in forced removals and negative perceptions of conservation. The
 case study of Kosi Bay, a strategic area for tourism development, is a
 typical example of various confrontations that reflect the history of the
 past and the rivalries of the present. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 441-458 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/14797580500252985 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14797580500252985 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:441-458




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bernard Pick 
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pick 
Author-Name: Harry Herbert Ballard 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry Herbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballard 
Title: The scope and extent of home-based business income relative to employment earnings in financing household expenditures: a study undertaken in a subeconomic housing area within the Cape Metropole 
Abstract:
  This study was undertaken to examine the scope of home-based businesses
 in poor neighbourhoods and the extent to which household income is derived
 from them. The aim was to determine the ratio of home-based business
 income to wage earnings, in order to understand its relative importance in
 augmenting primary employment (wage-based) income. The size, necessity and
 importance of self-generated (business-derived) income in augmenting
 primary income was measured in a selected subeconomic housing area within
 the Cape Metropole. The significance of this analytical research is the
 determination of income data and the levels of poverty. This paper
 provides the primary data (base information) for policy formulation
 relating to social and economic development in this subeconomic area. The
 findings add to the debate for the provision of a Basic Income Allowance
 (grant) for those people experiencing poverty. The results correlate with
 findings of national longitudinal studies. The level of job creation
 through businesses is minimal and the extent of unemployment is much
 greater than anticipated. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 459-478 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500253229 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500253229 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:3:p:459-478




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Case 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Case 
Author-Name: Victoria Hosegood 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosegood 
Author-Name: Frances Lund 
Author-X-Name-First: Frances 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lund 
Title: The reach and impact of Child Support Grants: evidence from KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the reach and impact of the South African Child
 Support Grant, using longitudinal data collected through the Africa Centre
 for Health and Population Studies. The grant is being taken up for a third
 of all age-eligible resident children, and appears to be reaching those
 children living in the poorer households of the demographic surveillance
 area (DSA). Children who received the grant are significantly more likely
 to be enrolled in school in the years following grant receipt than are
 equally poor children of the same age. However, older brothers and sisters
 of grant recipients, when they were observed at younger ages, were less
 likely than other children to be enrolled in school - perhaps reflecting
 the greater poverty in grant-receiving households. Thus the grant appears
 to help overcome the impact of poverty on school enrolment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 467-482 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322925 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322925 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:467-482




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Title: What we have learnt from post-1994 innovations in pro-poor service delivery in South Africa: a case study-based analysis 
Abstract:
  Service delivery is vital for alleviating poverty in South Africa. This
 paper contributes to the dialogue on how to maximise the impact of
 pro-poor service delivery by considering evidence from a wide selection of
 case studies to distinguish the successes and failures of post-1994
 pro-poor service delivery. Case evidence brings to light four important
 points: that decentralisation and participation can reinforce historical
 distributions of privilege; that community ownership is neither a
 necessary nor a sufficient condition for effective service delivery to
 individuals in rural communities; that when managed well private
 outsourcing can benefit the poor; and that the abolition of user fees is
 often not the best way to ensure access to basic services. The paper
 cautions against overly ambitious and idealistic policy making. When a
 policy fails because of its lack of flexibility or its disregard for the
 constraints of the implementation context, this failure should be
 attributed to short-sighted policy making and not to implementation
 failure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 483-500 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322966 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322966 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:483-500




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aart-Jan Verschoor 
Author-X-Name-First: Aart-Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Verschoor 
Author-Name: Johan van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: Luc D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Title: New agricultural development criteria: a proposal for project design and implementation 
Abstract:
  An environment conducive to a viable emerging agricultural sector is
 developing in South Africa, but it has yet to benefit most resource-poor
 producers. Some of the crucial constraints are accessibility and
 affordability of resources and services. Centrally managed agricultural
 projects as the main historical development model have largely failed to
 live up to the expectation that this would be the 'cutting edge' of
 development. This paper argues that the failure of these projects was
 partly due to four criteria for development not being sufficiently
 incorporated into project design and implementation: technical aspects of
 a project must be reconciled with social structures and realities; farmer
 diversity must be dealt with through focused support; business linkages
 must be structured and maintained; and skills development and
 participation must be institutionalised. Two of these criteria - dealing
 with diversity and facilitating participation - are elaborated on through
 a case study in the North West Province of South Africa. Typology analysis
 led to the identification of four distinct farmer types and this was
 followed by a Logical Framework planning process to develop a unique
 support strategy for each type. The objectives and activities required for
 each type are quantified. It is argued that this model, extending the
 project cycle to include the four new development criteria, constitutes a
 model for small farmer entrance into a competitive market. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 501-514 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322677 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322677 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:501-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rendani Randela 
Author-X-Name-First: Rendani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Randela 
Title: Cost-benefit analysis of a disease control programme with special reference to ticks and tick-borne diseases in the former Venda region 
Abstract:
  This study is based on a cross-sectional survey of 125 small-scale cattle
 farmers interviewed in the Venda region of the Limpopo Province of South
 Africa. It revealed a 3 per cent mortality rate in spite of the existence
 of a dipping programme. Cost-benefit analysis revealed a cost-benefit
 ratio of 0.8 (i.e. &#x3c;1) indicating that the control of ticks and
 tick-borne diseases by the government is not economically justified.
 However, because of the broader socio-economic benefits it provides, the
 dipping of cattle still deserves governmental support. In addition, the
 provision of tick control services by the government leads to a socially
 optimal level of supply of animal health services in general. Sensitivity
 analysis gives a cost-benefit ratio of 1.2 when it is assumed that the
 mortality rate would have been 10 per cent without the control programme. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 515-528 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322768 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322768 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:515-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blessings Chinsinga 
Author-X-Name-First: Blessings 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chinsinga 
Title: District Assemblies in a fix: the perils of the politics of capacity in the political and administrative reforms in Malawi 
Abstract:
  This article appraises the prospects of District Assemblies
 institutionalising local governance structures and processes that are
 responsive, democratic and capable of improving the livelihoods of the
 poor. District Assemblies have been established against the backdrop of a
 radically reconstituted policy, governance and administrative framework
 following the transition from one-party rule to multiparty democracy in
 Malawi in May 1994. The underlying argument of this paper is that the
 potential success of the District Assemblies is effectively hampered by
 widespread self-seeking tendencies and orientations among various
 stakeholders in grassroots development, strategically veiled as lack of
 capacity on the part of the decentralised planning framework. Unless these
 seemingly idiosyncratic tendencies are subordinated to the underlying
 noble cause of the decentralisation policy and institutional reforms, the
 trinity of good governance, development and poverty reduction in the
 evolving structures and processes of local government will remain a
 virtually unattainable ideal. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 529-548 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322891 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322891 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:529-548




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naude Malan 
Author-X-Name-First: Naude 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malan 
Title: Civil society and the right to have access to social security in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article examines transformation in South Africa's social security
 system from a human rights and civil society perspective. Three claims are
 made: rights can be realised by civil society organisations, civil society
 organisations can transform social security, and the realisation of social
 security rights by civil society organisations can give us a means to
 address many of the problems identified with the involvement of NGOs in
 development. The basis of this assessment is a performative conception of
 rights, derived from the Grootboom legal judgment, which would allow civil
 society action to address the problems inherent in the social security
 system in South Africa. An analysis is thus made of this kind of public
 action and it is shown how it can be subsumed under the 1996 South African
 Constitution, and how the Constitution could transform civil society
 organisations' social action. Civil society action, it is proposed, could
 be valuable in further reforming the South African social security system,
 and in realising rights as autonomous social action. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 549-567 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322776 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322776 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:549-567




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Logan Rangasamy 
Author-X-Name-First: Logan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rangasamy 
Title: The extent of anti-export bias in the South African economy during the 1990s 
Abstract:
  An analysis of trade incentives in the South African economy during the
 1990s reveals two major findings. Firstly, the extent of the anti-export
 bias in South Africa's trade policy during the 1990s is less than is
 claimed in the empirical literature. The sectors subjected to an
 anti-export bias accounted for around 7 per cent of total output in 1990
 and 21 per cent in 1999. Secondly, sectoral output growth did not strongly
 correlate with the prevailing trade incentives of the 1990s. Export
 production continued despite the prevalence of import substituting
 incentives in many sectors. Although further research is needed, this
 suggests that attention should also be given to other factors related to
 domestic competitiveness (e.g. skills development, productivity
 enhancement, competition policy, etc.) and market access if South African
 export production is to be significantly increased. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 569-588 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322735 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322735 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:569-588




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Baffes 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baffes 
Title: Reforming Tanzania's tea sector: a story of success? 
Abstract:
  Tea, one of Tanzania's major export crops, contributes about $30 million
 to the country's export earnings and provides employment to some 50 000
 families. Despite the sector's early success, nationalisation of two
 estates along with neglect of the smallholder sector made it clear that
 only broad-based policy reforms would revive the sector. Reforms in the
 tea sector started much earlier than reforms in other export crop sectors.
 Furthermore, they were undertaken, and hence owned, by the government and
 the industry. The reforms have been by and large successful. There has
 been considerable supply response, tea quality has improved, and the
 research system has been very successful in developing and disseminating
 useful research findings to both estates and smallholders. However, some
 issues must be addressed, namely excessive taxation, over-regulation, and
 the trade policy environment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 589-604 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500322628 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500322628 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:4:p:589-604




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Mather 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mather 
Title: The growth challenges of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa's food processing complex 
Abstract:
  This article focuses on the growth challenges and opportunities of small
 and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa's food processing complex
 and argues that the growth challenges of these enterprises must be seen in
 the context of restructuring in South Africa's agrifood system. Based on a
 30-company sample of SME food processors, the article argues that
 supermarket sourcing practices represent the most significant obstacle to
 the growth of these companies. Paradoxically, the complexity of South
 Africa's food retail system also offers opportunities for growth. The
 article ends by considering policy options for assisting SMEs, given this
 growth opportunity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 607-622 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364208 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364208 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:607-622




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Unpacking tourism SMMEs in South Africa: structure, support needs and policy response 
Abstract:
  Small enterprise (SMME) support policy in post-apartheid South Africa has
 traditionally involved support initiatives in the form of 'generic'
 packages that overlook the specificities of particular sectors. In this
 article the specific issues concerning SMME development in tourism are
 investigated. Against a backcloth of a review of international scholarship
 on tourism small firms, the article presents findings from recent
 empirical investigations into the progress and problems of tourism SMME
 development in South Africa. Within the international scholarship and
 policy debates on tourism, it is argued that the South African experience
 is particularly distinctive in two respects: (1) the support of particular
 groups of tourism SMMEs linked to objectives of transformation and (2) the
 introduction of dedicated tourism-specific support programmes for SMME
 development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 623-642 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364224 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364224 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:623-642




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Ilorah 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ilorah 
Title: Nigerian commercial farmers versus government commodity marketing boards: revisiting the cost of a partnership gone sour 
Abstract:
  The abolition of the Nigerian government-instituted commodity marketing
 boards (CMBs) in 1986 is considered a positive step in view of the boards'
 method of market intervention, which is criticised as having brought
 disincentives to producers of agricultural exports. This study argues
 that, apart from the intervention activities of the CMBs, the lack of
 proper agricultural reforms in Nigeria would eventually have been equally
 unfavourable to the agricultural production. It therefore recommends that
 the authorities revisit three key policy issues, namely education, capital
 assistance and land reform, to revive production in the agricultural
 sector. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 643-656 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364182 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364182 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:643-656




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renette du Toit 
Author-X-Name-First: Renette du 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toit 
Title: Employment creation through the provision of social development services: exploring the options 
Abstract:
  The high unemployment rate in South Africa is a central concern of policy
 makers. Because there are only a few substantial labour intensive
 industries, led by the private sector, it has become essential to explore
 other less mainstream avenues for employment creation. The role of public
 works programmes has historically focused on the infrastructure sector,
 but the Expanded Public Works Programme includes the social sector. The
 government has at its disposal a strong policy instrument - the provision
 of a range of services to meet basic needs - and so could, in the medium
 term, create a large number of jobs through social development services,
 the demand for which vastly exceeds their provision. Basic social
 development needs programmes target a large number of unskilled unemployed
 and promise the possibility of affordable employment creation. Such
 programmes include Early Childhood Development (ECD) and Home and
 Community Based Care (HCBC) as identified by the Social Sector Plan. This
 article explores these options. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 657-671 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364141 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364141 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:657-671




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Stern 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stern 
Title: Botox and bridges: South African exports of health and construction services 
Abstract:
  Until relatively recently, policy makers and academics directed little
 attention to trade in services. This has changed in recognition of the
 increasing role of services in economic growth, trade and investment. In
 World Trade Organisation (WTO) and other trade negotiations, discussions
 on services have become as important a. s., if not more important than,
 those on trade in goods. Despite the growing contribution of services to
 exports and economic development, trade in services remains highly
 regulated, especially in developing countries. This article outlines the
 main methodological and policy challenges facing developing countries,
 such as South Africa, in trying to understand the economic implications of
 service liberalisation. This is achieved largely by means of two case
 studies of the construction and health services sectors. While the
 findings are preliminary and the policy conclusions speculative, the
 article provides some examples of the key analytical difficulties that
 arise in services analysis. More importantly, it highlights the need for
 the government to develop integrated service sector strategies that
 recognise the contribution of trade to development policy and the impact
 of domestic regulations on trade. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 673-693 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364240 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364240 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:673-693




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leanne Scott 
Author-X-Name-First: Leanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scott 
Title: Participatory multi-criteria decision analysis: a new tool for integrated development planning 
Abstract:
  This article proposes a new method for implementing integrated
 development planning as envisioned by the Local Government Municipal
 Systems Act of South Africa (2000). The method draws together stakeholders
 who fall into three broad groups: the communities who live in the
 municipal area, municipal officials and the elected local politicians. It
 is grounded in the principles of participatory action research, in which
 the participation of all interested and affected parties is valued. Within
 this participatory framework, tools of multicriteria decision analysis
 (MCDA) are used to support the decision-making process by structuring and
 quantifying difficult decisions that need to be addressed. Community
 development measurement scales are formulated by communities, and form the
 basis for evaluations of proposed projects and ongoing monitoring of these
 communities' progress. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 695-716 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364232 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364232 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:695-716




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daryl Collins 
Author-X-Name-First: Daryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Collins 
Title: Financial instruments of the poor: initial findings from the South African Financial Diaries study 
Abstract:
  A new data set called the South African Financial Diaries has been
 produced, based on a sample of 166 households, drawn from three different
 areas in South Africa - Langa, Lugangeni and Diepsloot. The selected
 households represent a range of dwelling types and wealth categories. A
 unique methodology was used to create a year-long daily data set of every
 income, expense and financial transaction used by every one of these
 households. Within this sample, households used, on average, 17 different
 financial instruments over the course of the study year. A composite
 household portfolio, based on all 166 households, would have an average of
 four savings instruments, two insurance instruments and 11 credit
 instruments. The same composite household portfolio would have about 30
 per cent formal instruments and 70 per cent informal instruments.
 Interestingly, it was found that rural households use as many financial
 instruments as urban ones. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 717-728 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364125 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364125 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:717-728




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Heese 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heese 
Title: The development of socially responsible investment in South Africa: experience and evolution of SRI in global markets 
Abstract:
  Sustainability practices, particularly those relating to Socially
 Responsible Investment (SRI), have still to be fully evolved in a
 developing country context. This article considers international trends in
 SRI and how these may relate to South Africa. It considers how,
 internationally, SRI has become increasingly motivated by the business
 case for risk-management and therefore how it may have the potential to
 offer superior returns (as demonstrated by recent experience in the United
 States). It examines the relevance of SRI trends to South Africa, where
 the concept of SRI still faces further structural development, and reviews
 the performance of funds operating in the South African SRI arena. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 729-739 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 22 
Year: 2005 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364158 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350500364158 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:22:y:2005:i:5:p:729-739




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pundy Pillay 
Author-X-Name-First: Pundy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pillay 
Title: Human resource development and growth: improving access to and equity in the provision of education and health services in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper demonstrates the importance of improving access to and equity
 in the provision of essential services such as education and health for
 enhancing human development. A major constraint to accelerating and
 sustaining economic growth in South Africa is the shortage of skilled
 human resources. Human capital formation (through appropriate education,
 training and health) is vital for growth. However, for sustained growth to
 reduce poverty and unemployment, human capital of a 'higher order' than
 the system is currently producing, in both quantitative and qualitative
 terms, must be generated. The paper reviews progress in the education and
 health sectors and identifies the challenges. It stresses the need for
 policy makers to recognise the link between education and health outcomes
 and the provision of clean water, adequate sanitation, cheap and
 accessible transport and effective nutrition programmes. Addressing only
 the education and health services is unlikely to lead to optimal outcomes
 in these sectors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 63-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556208 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556208 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:63-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sue Reuther 
Author-X-Name-First: Sue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reuther 
Author-Name: Neil Dewar 
Author-X-Name-First: Neil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dewar 
Title: Competition for the use of public open space in low-income urban areas: the economic potential of urban gardening in Khayelitsha, Cape Town 
Abstract:
  Urban agriculture is a contested issue in the larger South African debate
 on urban poverty alleviation. This paper investigates the economic
 viability of urban agriculture and informs the debate on the optimal use
 of open space in Khayelitsha. It compares the economic performance of the
 Scaga community garden in the low-income township Khayelitsha, predicted
 in a 1998 study by Fermont et al., with empirical results of a similar
 study by Fleming in 2003. It concludes that urban agriculture in
 Khayelitsha is potentially economically viable, subject to certain
 conditions being satisfied. However, as a land use, urban agriculture
 competes with housing, ecological corridors, the stormwater management
 system and nature areas and reserves. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 97-122 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556273 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556273 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:97-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Kargbo 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kargbo 
Title: Exchange rate volatility and agricultural trade under policy reforms in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Decades of government intervention have helped develop the South African
 agriculture sector to its present state. Policy reforms have included
 trade and exchange rate policies to increase the country's international
 competitiveness, reduce poverty and promote economic growth. These reforms
 are facilitating the growth in agricultural trade and South Africa's
 reintegration into the global economy. Annual agricultural exports and
 imports have increased. This paper uses annual data and a vector
 error-correction model to investigate the supply and demand relationships
 for agricultural trade flows in South Africa during the past four decades.
 The results show that prices, real exchange rates, domestic production
 capacity and real incomes have significant impacts on the country's
 agricultural trade. In particular, exchange rate volatility has negative
 impacts. This cannot be viewed solely as an exogenous source of
 macroeconomic instability in South Africa, as domestic policies play a
 crucial role in influencing the movement of exchange rates. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 147-170 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556315 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556315 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:147-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Mbata 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbata 
Title: Estimating household willingness to pay for water services in a rural economy: The case of Kanye in southern Botswana 
Abstract:
  This study uses the contingent valuation approach to examine the
 relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of households
 and their willingness to pay for private water connection. An iterative
 bidding method was used to obtain survey data from 135 households randomly
 selected from Kanye in southern Botswana and the ordinary least-square
 regression technique was used to estimate the effects of selected
 exogenous variables on willingness to pay. The results show that household
 income, level of education and employment status of the head of the
 household and level of consumers' awareness are the principal factors
 influencing willingness. This suggests that any government policy that
 increases these factors will increase households' willingness. In
 addition, because consumers' income is associated with their willingness
 to pay, it is suggested that policies on connection and user fees
 recognise income inequalities when determining the amount that households
 should pay. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 29-43 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556331 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556331 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:29-43




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Aliber 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aliber 
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Rasigan Maharajh 
Author-X-Name-First: Rasigan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maharajh 
Author-Name: Josephilda Nhlapo-Hlope 
Author-X-Name-First: Josephilda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nhlapo-Hlope 
Author-Name: Oupa Nkoane 
Author-X-Name-First: Oupa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nkoane 
Title: Overcoming underdevelopment in South Africa's second economy 
Abstract:
  This paper is a synthesis of the July 2005 Development Report published
 by the Development Bank of Southern Africa, Human Sciences Research
 Council and United Nations Development Programme (DBSA, HSRC and UNDP).
 The Report asks why, if the origins of economic dualism are rooted in the
 cheap, forced, migrant labour introduced by the mining industry and
 reinforced during apartheid, does dualism persist under democracy when all
 the relevant laws and many of the practices of the past have been
 abolished? The breakdown of apartheid did not immediately translate into
 improved material conditions for the majority of South Africans: 300 years
 of colonialism and 50 of internal colonialism had hard-wired a duality
 into the system. Two worlds, which may be conceptualised as the first and
 second economies, coexisted: a globally integrated world of production,
 exchange and consumption, and a constrained world of informality, poverty
 and marginalisation. This synthesis sheds light on the origin and nature
 of the 'second economy' metaphor, and suggests solutions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 45-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556356 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556356 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:45-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Stern 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stern 
Author-Name: Gabor Szalontai 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szalontai 
Title: Immigration policy in South Africa: does it make economic sense? 
Abstract:
  Current levels of international labour migration are exceptional. Several
 thousand skilled South Africans leave the country each year. Historically,
 the country attracted more skilled workers than it lost, from Europe and,
 more recently, other African countries. But emigration is increasing and
 immigration is restricted by policy and a range of socio-economic factors.
 The trends in the 'brain drain' from South Africa and its causes and
 severity are relatively well understood and will be reviewed in this
 paper. However, the policy response has been slow and confused. The paper
 highlights some of the economic determinants and effects of South African
 emigration and immigration and reviews recent changes to South African
 migration legislation. It asks how South Africa can attract the right kind
 of skilled immigrants and what more can be done to stem the loss of
 professionals from the country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 123-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556380 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556380 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:123-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Musampa 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musampa 
Title: The demise of a South African growth point, Butterworth in the Eastern Cape: a community development model as an alternative strategy for development 
Abstract:
  Butterworth was chosen for this research as one of the growth points in
 the former Transkei under apartheid. Prospective and existing
 entrepreneurs in mostly manufacturing enterprises were entitled to various
 incentives, all of which were phased out by the mid-1990s, and factory
 closures ensued. Since then the economy of Butterworth has atrophied,
 leaving thousands unemployed. This paper suggests a community development
 model as an alternative strategy for resuscitating an ailing local
 economy, emphasising the imperatives of community participation at all
 levels of the developmental process. Kenya and Ghana are cited as examples
 of community development. With this international backdrop, three
 community-inspired projects in the Eastern Cape were used to test the
 model: the Umngazi Farming Scheme, the Philani Ncambedlana Farmers'
 Cooperative and the Tanga Village Masakhane. The paper shows that
 community development can provide an alternative livelihood in local
 economies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 85-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556554 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556554 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:85-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raymond Suttner 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suttner 
Title: Talking to the ancestors: national heritage, the Freedom Charter and nation-building in South Africa in 2005 
Abstract:
  The Freedom Charter has a significant place in South African liberation
 history. This paper is a re-reading of the document in 21st century
 conditions and locates its ideas within contexts that have not previously
 been brought into debate. In particular, it argues that the Freedom
 Charter is part of national heritage, but of a special kind relating to
 its being part of a 'democratic stream'. This is because of its mass
 democratic mode of creation and resultant product. It also interrogates
 the notion of 'The People' and what 'The People' think, bringing into
 focus unacknowledged knowledge, especially the questions of orality and
 communication with ancestors. The notion of 'brotherhood' as used in the
 Charter is examined as connoting more than a gender-related concept-a
 specific way of human beings relating to one another, akin to that of
 siblings, signifying cooperation rather than individual isolation or
 competitiveness. This and questions of gender are addressed in the context
 of nation-building. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-27 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600556570 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600556570 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:1:p:3-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Title: Can business make decisive contributions to development? Towards a research agenda on corporate citizenship and beyond 
Abstract:
  This introductory article considers the increasingly prominent
 expectation that business can and will make a significant contribution to
 sustainable development under the banner of corporate citizenship or
 related terms. It suggests a research agenda that questions the underlying
 assumptions of this discourse and addresses some of the practicalities of
 enhancing the business contribution to development, with a focus on
 southern Africa. The suggested key research themes acknowledge the
 complexity and contradictions in current debates and expand the corporate
 citizenship agenda to embrace the possibility of more fundamental and
 systemic changes. These themes are (1) relating corporate citizenship to
 the southern African context; (2) the scope for innovative business
 opportunities and a new purpose for business; (3) the drivers and enabling
 conditions for corporate citizenship; (4) implementing corporate
 citizenship; and (5) measuring and monitoring the impacts of corporate
 citizenship efforts. The article cautions against too much optimism or
 excessive reliance on business contributions to development and it
 emphasises the need and opportunity for investigating the many open
 questions introduced here and in the articles in this special issue. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 175-195 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707587 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707587 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:175-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Prinsloo 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prinsloo 
Author-Name: Cecilia Beukes 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beukes 
Author-Name: Derick De Jongh 
Author-X-Name-First: Derick 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Jongh 
Title: Corporate citizenship education for responsible business leaders 
Abstract:
  Corporate scandals, concerns about global warming and the continued abuse
 of natural and human resources by business demand a critical reflection
 and redefinition of global leadership. Management education in general and
 corporate citizenship education in particular are claimed to play a
 crucial role in reassessing what responsible business practice entails.
 There are several initiatives to ensure that businesses act more
 responsibly. Legislation and enforcement are foundational components of
 any strategy to counter the erosion in corporate ethics and the abuse of
 natural and human resources, but this is not enough. Education and
 training can play an important role in shaping responsible business and
 citizen behaviour. Corporate citizenship education should include not only
 acquiring a working knowledge of applicable legislation but also
 interrogating the complex challenges and paradoxes business leaders face.
 This article explores the role corporate citizenship education plays in a
 global redefinition of responsible business leadership. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 197-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707868 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707868 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:197-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Sharp 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp 
Title: Corporate social responsibility and development: An anthropological perspective 
Abstract:
  Some analysts suggest that corporate-driven social responsibility
 initiatives offer a new, and potentially bright, prospect of addressing
 global poverty and underdevelopment effectively. There is a growing
 academic literature that examines this proposition critically, often
 rehearsing debates about the successes and failures of the international
 development programmes of the second half of the 20th century. From an
 anthropological perspective, however, the most useful question to ask is
 not whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives will succeed
 in fulfilling the promises made by their proponents but rather what the
 implications and consequences -often unintended - might be of expecting
 business corporations to become significant engines of development. This
 article examines current debates about CSR, and the emerging CSR discourse
 and apparatus, as a prelude to asking 'What does CSR do?'. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 213-222 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707892 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707892 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:213-222




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilson Akpan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akpan 
Title: Between responsibility and rhetoric: some consequences of CSR practice in Nigeria's oil province 
Abstract:
  This article brings together some of the findings of a three-year study
 of the community dimensions of upstream petroleum operations in Nigeria,
 Africa's largest oil exporter. It examines the corporate social
 responsibility (CSR) practices of transnational petroleum-producing
 companies, focusing on the immediate and long-term ethnographic and social
 consequences of such practices on the local communities where oil
 extraction takes place. The article examines, more importantly, how such
 practices and the identified consequences intersect with the
 regulatory/institutional framework governing upstream petroleum operations
 in Nigeria. By shifting attention away from the dominant, ethnic view of
 conflict and instability in the country of study, and looking at specific
 instances of ethnographic and social crisis associated with corporate
 social responsibility, the article offers some insights into some
 present-day challenges to sustainable development in Africa, and unveils
 an important present-day mechanism through which the image of
 resource-rich African countries as strife-torn is entrenched. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 223-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707488 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707488 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:223-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudia Appels 
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Appels 
Author-Name: Lisette Van Duin 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Duin 
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Title: Institutionalising corporate citizenship: the case of Barloworld and its 'Employee Value Creation' process 
Abstract:
  This article investigates the institutionalisation of corporate
 citizenship (CC) at Barloworld Limited, a diversified industrial
 enterprise. It describes a model that relates corporate identity,
 stakeholder engagement, internal structure and accountability and applies
 this model to a case study of Barloworld. The case study illustrates the
 importance of the company's corporate identity, or guiding philosophy, and
 its impact on organisational culture and management processes. The
 company's 'Employee Value Creation' strategy has comprehensively
 overhauled employee relations to achieve a high degree of employee
 commitment and participation. It institutionalises CC by integrating
 social or environmental issues into the organisation 'from below' and by
 helping employees understand why such issues matter to the organisation
 and are relevant to employees' responsibilities. Whereas the relevant
 literature emphasises the possible role of CC in creating employee
 commitment, this case study illustrates the reverse possibility: that
 employee commitment can be a catalyst for integrating CC into a company. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-250 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707546 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707546 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:241-250




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maryanne Antoni 
Author-X-Name-First: Maryanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antoni 
Author-Name: Quentin Hurt 
Author-X-Name-First: Quentin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hurt 
Title: Applying the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for public bodies in the South African context: the eThekwini experience 
Abstract:
  The eThekwini municipality's most recent State of the Environment (SOE)
 report was released in July 2005 and used the Global Reporting Initiative
 (GRI) sustainability reporting guidelines as a guiding framework. This
 method was novel in the development of a SOE report and many of the
 decisions reached were without precedent in the South African context.
 This paper relates the experiences of the team responsible for developing
 the report. It describes how the GRI was used and assesses the advantages
 and disadvantages of using the guidelines for public bodies in this
 context. It also explores the broader principles of corporate citizenship
 and the applicability of these to a public body. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 251-263 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707520 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707520 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:251-263




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Ashley 
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashley 
Author-Name: Gareth Haysom 
Author-X-Name-First: Gareth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haysom 
Title: From philanthropy to a different way of doing business: strategies and challenges in integrating pro-poor approaches into tourism business 
Abstract:
  Pro-poor tourism means managing a tourism business so that it makes
 business sense for the operator and at the same time benefits the poor.
 Based on the Pro-Poor Tourism Pilot Programme conducted in southern
 Africa, this article argues that 'mainstream' commercial tourism can do
 much to embrace pro-poor approaches. In particular, the tourism sector
 needs to go further in shifting from philanthropic approaches to pro-poor
 approaches that entail doing business differently, with more committed
 changes to strategy and business structures. The pilot programme case
 studies reveal a range of potential business benefits companies can
 achieve through pro-poor approaches, such as enhanced social licence to
 operate and increased brand recognition. They also show that implementing
 a pro-poor approach depends on the company's context and circumstances.
 Such a shift entails a number of challenges and companies need to commit
 to making the necessary effort. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 265-280 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707553 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707553 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:265-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daisy Kambalame 
Author-X-Name-First: Daisy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambalame 
Author-Name: Sean De Cleene 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Cleene 
Title: Partnership building as an approach to addressing corporate social responsibility in the agriculture sector in Malawi 
Abstract:
  A key factor in improving Malawi's trade and economic growth will be how
 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) provides a platform for stakeholders
 to come together to manage Malawi's supply and value chains so as to also
 improve livelihoods, in particular in the agriculture sector, the most
 prominent in the country. This article analyses what motivates businesses
 in the Malawian agriculture sector to implement CSR, and how companies and
 other stakeholders give shape and substance to their partnerships. It
 examines three case studies that reflect the types of CSR partnerships
 that have emerged within the sector. These highlight the transition from
 issue-specific partnerships to ones established to address the underlying
 business case for CSR to promote competitive advantage and innovation in
 companies' core business strategies. The article concludes that the new
 models of partnership emerging in Malawi are indicative of the next
 generation of partnership development in Africa and elsewhere. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 281-287 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707629 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707629 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:281-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theresa Moyo 
Author-X-Name-First: Theresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo 
Author-Name: Shannon Rohan 
Author-X-Name-First: Shannon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rohan 
Title: Corporate citizenship in the context of the financial services sector: what lessons from the Financial Sector Charter? 
Abstract:
  This article argues that the introduction of the Financial Sector Charter
 (FSC) in South Africa is an important innovation in terms of creating a
 framework for the sector to promote corporate citizenship. If implemented
 in its totality, the FSC promises to make a significant contribution to
 the transformation of the sector. However, on the basis of performance to
 date, the authors raise concerns about the prospects of the FSC being
 instrumental in this transformation. They suggest that the sector risks
 missing the valuable opportunity it has generated for itself. The lack of
 progress also raises the fundamental question as to whether transformation
 in the financial services sector can really be achieved on the basis of
 the model of self-regulation as embodied in the Charter. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-303 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707744 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707744 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:289-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan Sonnenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonnenberg 
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Title: The JSE socially responsible investment index and the state of sustainability reporting in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The JSE Limited (JSE) in South Africa is the first bourse in an emerging
 market to develop a sustainability index for its top 160 listed companies.
 This article provides an overview of the Index methodology and uses the
 first and second rounds of the Index to assess the state of sustainability
 reporting among participating companies. It describes general trends
 related to priority issues in companies' reports, the extent and manner of
 reporting, and which kinds of companies are emerging as leaders in
 reporting. More detailed patterns of reporting are considered with respect
 to the four key categories in the Index: corporate governance, society,
 economy and environment. The article also considers the role of the Index
 in terms of the nascent socially responsible investment (SRI) movement in
 South Africa. It argues that a number of challenges need to be met in
 order to enhance the impact of the Index and of SRI on corporate behaviour
 in South Africa and Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 305-320 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707942 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707942 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:305-320




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Neocosmos 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neocosmos 
Title: The heritage of struggle: a dialogue with Raymond Suttner's ancestral fidelity 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 321-325 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707835 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707835 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:321-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ndinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndinda 
Title: The dichotomies that enslave us: engaging with Raymond Suttner's view of our national heritage 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 327-330 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707819 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600707819 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:2:p:327-330




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abebe Zegeye 
Author-X-Name-First: Abebe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zegeye 
Author-Name: Maurice Vambe 
Author-X-Name-First: Maurice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vambe 
Title: Knowledge production and publishing in Africa 
Abstract:
  This article explores the practice of 'knowledge production' and
 'publishing' in Africa. Knowledge production and publishing in Africa has
 been and still is dominated by Western experts, most of whose interests do
 not serve Africa. Powerful social groups in post-colonial Africa construct
 knowledge about Africa from the sites of universities. Ordinary people
 also produce knowledge, most of which is elaborated through unwritten
 forms, and actually contest dominant modes of knowing. Publishing in
 Africa ought to be controlled by Africans if African states are to realise
 the dream of an African renaissance. African governments ought to invest
 in knowledge production and publishing. African intellectuals with
 university education should work with ordinary African intellectuals to
 create new sites of knowledge. Knowledge production and publishing is not
 an ideologically neutral phenomenon. Therefore, African governments should
 create, and not thwart, conditions conducive to knowledge production and
 publishing that is self-interrogating. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 333-349 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600843010 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600843010 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:333-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stan Du Plessis 
Author-X-Name-First: Stan Du 
Author-X-Name-Last: Plessis 
Author-Name: Sophia Du Plessis 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Du 
Author-X-Name-Last: Plessis 
Title: Explanations for Zambia's economic decline 
Abstract:
  Zambian growth failure is often related to the resource curse. This
 article evaluates not only this claim, but also whether the new
 institutional theory can account for Zambia's economic decline. Little
 empirical support is found for the terms of trade or volatility versions
 of the resource curse theory, and there is only slightly more support for
 relative price versions of the theory. Turning to the new institutional
 theory, the article quantifies the poor quality of institutions in Zambia
 using a measure for contract intensive money, and supports the hypothesis
 that 'poor quality' institutions, and especially the failure to protect
 property and contract rights, played an important role in Zambia's
 economic decline. Examples are given to support this claim. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 351-369 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600843069 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600843069 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:351-369




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mustafa Kennedy Hussein 
Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Kennedy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussein 
Title: Capacity building challenges in Malawi's local government reform programme 
Abstract:
  Since the advent of multiparty democracy in June 1994, the Malawi
 government has embarked on a local government reform programme involving
 political and administrative decentralisation to promote democratic
 governance, local development and effective public service delivery.
 However, the wholesale adoption of the decentralisation process tends to
 ignore a critical debate on capacity challenges in local government. The
 main argument is that the success of the reform programme is contingent
 upon the availability of adequate capacity in local government
 institutions. Therefore, this article examines the critical contingencies,
 namely administrative, technical and economic capacity, in the context of
 local government reform and decentralisation in Malawi. The major
 conclusion is that capacity problems, including the lack of appropriately
 trained personnel and a shortage of funds, seriously hamper effective
 public service delivery. Thus, there is a need for implementing
 comprehensive capacity building programmes, including training and
 development, and financial management strategies to attain the desired
 objectives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 371-383 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600843135 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600843135 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:371-383




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stu Woolman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolman 
Author-Name: Michael Bishop 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bishop 
Title: State as pimp: sexual slavery in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The disturbing prevalence of sexual slavery in South Africa is variously
 attributed to extreme poverty, unemployment, war, lack of food, and
 traditional practices that make it acceptable to treat women as
 commodities. Such 'causes' are better understood as enabling conditions.
 The demand for sex workers, organised criminal syndicates and the failure
 of legal imagination are the real drivers of the South African market. The
 authors address this failure of legal imagination and suggest how the
 constitutional prohibition against slavery can be used to develop a legal
 doctrine of sexual slavery, as well as on appropriate set of remedies,
 that will assist the State in its efforts to eradicate sexual trafficking. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 385-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600842947 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600842947 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:385-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ndinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndinda 
Title: Large and small houses in Luganda: housing construction and gender in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the participation of women in housing delivery in
 Luganda, which occurred at a time of both political and economic changes
 that had a profound impact on their ability to consolidate their core
 structures. The findings suggest that few women in Luganda were involved
 in 'skilled' residential construction. When they participated, it was in
 supportive roles such as clearing the sites for construction, carrying
 water and mixing the concrete. However, home ownership brought women
 benefits in that their houses provided the space and infrastructure that
 they needed to effectively carry out their informal sector activities,
 which related to the services sector. This study argues that skilled work
 in construction is better remunerated than in the services sector, in
 which most women work. If women are to enter the formal construction
 sector it is imperative that they alter their attitudes and those of their
 spouses. Projects dealing with shelter delivery should therefore focus not
 only on the product but also on raising the consciousness of the
 beneficiaries with regard to gender matters. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 401-416 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600842905 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600842905 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:401-416




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Veni Naidu 
Author-X-Name-First: Veni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidu 
Author-Name: Geoff Harris 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris 
Title: Survival strategies of HIV/AIDS - affected households in Soweto 
Abstract:
  This article reports the survival strategies used by households in Soweto
 with at least one HIV/AIDS-affected member. Data were collected on four
 occasions between September 2002 and August 2003 from each household,
 based on diary records and supplemented by interviews with the financial
 head of the household. In terms of frequency of use and the contribution
 made to the finances of affected households, the most important survival
 strategies were: the sick member continuing at work for as long as
 possible, borrowing from friends and relatives, receiving transfers from
 relatives, and taking up social grants. These results are broadly similar
 to those reported by Booysen and associates in their Free State studies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 417-426 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600843176 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600843176 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:417-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: South Africa's ten years of democracy: development and media discourse 
Abstract:
  Newspapers play an important role in selecting, defining and
 communicating pertinent social issues, especially during changing times.
 Yet, in the case of the transition to a new dispensation in South Africa,
 it seems that there has been very little sustained analysis of the news
 media in terms of its approach to social change before 1994. Hence the
 apparent lack of vigorous public engagement about the interplay between
 contending relations of power and the way that conflictive relations are
 being dealt with in terms of either maintaining or changing the status
 quo. For example, even in instances where popular discourses were in
 favour of changing the apartheid order to a more humane society, it would
 appear that social change was discussed in a way that meant that any
 alternative understanding was based on an a priori set of assumptions
 about what would be a suitable socio-economic order for South Africa.
 Hence the contradiction between election promises of a 'better life for
 all' and the current increasing levels of poverty in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 427-443 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600842921 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600842921 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:3:p:427-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tony Emmett 
Author-X-Name-First: Tony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Emmett 
Author-Name: Erna Alant 
Author-X-Name-First: Erna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alant 
Title: Women and disability: exploring the interface of multiple disadvantage 
Abstract:
  In general, women with disabilities are more discriminated against and
 disadvantaged than men with disabilities. In the industrialised countries
 there are consistent, although not necessarily large, gender differences
 in income, employment and education for people with disabilities. Poverty
 and deprivation magnify these inequalities, and can determine access to
 food, care and social inclusion, and even threaten survival. Women with
 disabilities are also at greater risk of physical, mental and sexual
 abuse, and because of stigmatisation have lower marriage prospects. There
 are more barriers to access and participation for women than for men, and
 mothers and caregivers in particular face enormous challenges when raising
 children with disabilities or chronic illnesses, especially within the
 context of women-headed households and early pregnancy. This article
 emphasises the need to approach disability as an integral part of
 development rather than as a separate need competing with other causes and
 manifestations of poverty. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 445-460 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927144 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927144 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:445-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvain Perret 
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Perret 
Author-Name: Joe Stevens 
Author-X-Name-First: Joe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens 
Title: Socio-economic reasons for the low adoption of water conservation technologies by smallholder farmers in southern Africa: a review of the literature 
Abstract:
  Natural resource degradation and water scarcity, which threaten the
 sustainability of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in semi-arid developing
 areas, are a global concern. Although researchers have developed
 water-conservation technologies (WCTs), adoption rates by smallholder
 farmers have been low. This article compares the perspectives of
 researchers and smallholder farmers, highlights the discrepancies which
 explain the farmers' low uptake of technologies and addresses the
 socio-economic factors affecting adoption. It argues that WCTs are diverse
 and applicable to different time and spatial scales and hence dependent
 upon context. These traits influence the dissemination and adoption of
 WCTs, and should not be ignored, from the early stage of technology
 development. It explains that adoption depends not only on individual
 farmers' willingness but also on property rights to resources and
 collective community action. The article discusses the demand for WCTs,
 the role of the public sector and research and related biases, and makes
 recommendations for achieving more sustainable rural livelihoods. Recent
 experiences in South Africa show that encouraging farmers to participate
 in technology development, taking account of local indigenous knowledge
 and making sound institutional arrangements are some ways to foster better
 integration of technology and innovation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 461-476 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927193 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927193 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:461-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taryn Pereira 
Author-X-Name-First: Taryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira 
Author-Name: Charlie Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Author-Name: Sheona Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Title: Trade in reed-based craft products in rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Selling traditional craft products made from fibrous plants is an
 important source of income for economically vulnerable rural women. In the
 Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, Cyperus textilis and Juncus
 kraussii have been used for centuries to make products of functional and
 cultural importance, such as sleeping mats and baskets. In the former
 Transkei village clusters of Mpozolo and Ntubeni, female crafters harvest
 the raw material and make and sell the products in their communities and
 in nearby towns. Interviews with 40 of them revealed what the trade
 contributes to their livelihoods and what enhances or limits their
 success. The findings show that crafting contributes vital income to
 vulnerable households, on average 26&#xa0; &#xb1; &#xa0;4 per cent of
 annual household cash income, over 40 per cent for the poorest households
 and 5-15 per cent for wealthier households. Lack of access to
 non-traditional markets was identified as the main constraint on the
 trade. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-495 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927235 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927235 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:477-495




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zwoitwa Makhado 
Author-X-Name-First: Zwoitwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makhado 
Author-Name: Thembela Kepe 
Author-X-Name-First: Thembela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe 
Title: Crafting a livelihood: local-level trade in mats and baskets in Pondoland, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The contribution of natural resources to the livelihoods of the rural
 poor is widely acknowledged, yet not much is known about trade in these
 resources. This article investigates local-level trade in plant-based mats
 and baskets in Khanyayo Village, Pondoland, Eastern Cape, focusing on the
 social aspects of harvesting, resource tenure and trade in Cyperus
 textilis and products made from it. It explores the way the mat and basket
 trade contributes to the livelihoods of the rural poor and argues that
 crafting is mainly the domain of very poor or widowed women, who use it to
 supplement their diverse and multiple livelihood strategies. Although its
 cash contribution to the total household income is minimal, crafting is
 seen by local people as extremely important. However, mat and basket
 traders face a number of internal and external struggles, which must be
 understood by policy makers if crafting is to contribute to the fight
 against poverty in rural areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 497-509 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927250 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927250 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:497-509




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Matthee 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthee 
Author-Name: Wim Naude 
Author-X-Name-First: Wim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naude 
Author-Name: Wilma Viviers 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viviers 
Title: Challenges for the floriculture industry in a developing country: a South African perspective 
Abstract:
  The increasing numbers of global floriculture producers, and changes in
 the basis of competition in this international industry, make it important
 to evaluate the South African floriculture industry's competitive
 position. The industry employs more than 17&#xa0;500 people and provides
 opportunities for rural employment. This article assesses the challenges
 facing the South African floriculture industry in the competitive global
 market, using a framework based on global value chain (GVC) and global
 commodity chain (GCC) analyses. An empirical study showed that the
 industry is insufficiently competitive and does not participate to its
 full potential in the global market. It is recommended that floriculture
 producers shift their focus from the domestic to the international market,
 as the domestic market is becoming saturated and its turnover is small.
 However, as enhancing the industry's competitiveness is a complex
 endeavour, the industry first needs to address the weaknesses identified. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 511-528 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927326 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927326 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:511-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mars Phometsi 
Author-X-Name-First: Mars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Phometsi 
Author-Name: Annamarie Kruger 
Author-X-Name-First: Annamarie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger 
Author-Name: Hilda Van't Riet 
Author-X-Name-First: Hilda Van't 
Author-X-Name-Last: Riet 
Title: Nutrition knowledge and barriers to good dietary practices among primary school children in a farming community 
Abstract:
  This article examines the nutrition practices of black African children
 attending farm schools and looks at what they know about nutrition. The
 research was part of the Farm Labour and General Health (FLAGH) project of
 the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), South Africa. Two
 schools participated in the study, which involved 132 primary
 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years. A structured questionnaire revealed the
 children's knowledge about nutrition related issues, and focus group
 discussions brought to light attitudes and barriers to sound dietary
 practices. This study provided insight into the lives of children living
 on commercial farms in the North West Province. The findings provide
 strong support for the view that while nutrition education is important to
 children's development of nutrition knowledge, good dietary practices and
 overall nutritional status, so also are influences from the children's
 social, economic and psychological environment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 529-539 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927375 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927375 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:529-539




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sudhanshu Handa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sudhanshu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Handa 
Author-Name: Gilead Mlay 
Author-X-Name-First: Gilead 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mlay 
Title: Food consumption patterns, seasonality and market access in Mozambique 
Abstract:
  Seasonal fluctuations in food consumption are a serious problem in rural
 Mozambique, where community isolation is high, and market integration, use
 of improved inputs, and access to off-farm income are low. This article
 uses household survey data to trace seasonal fluctuations in food
 consumption patterns and to analyse the ways households maintain access to
 calories. Significant substitution is observed between maize and cassava,
 and beans and green vegetables, over the production cycle. An analysis of
 the total expenditure elasticity of food groups reveals how precarious
 food security is in rural households in the poorest quintile. These
 households show near unitary expenditure elasticity for even the most
 basic staples of maize and cassava. The potential role of public policy in
 diminishing seasonal fluctuation in food consumption is explored using
 distance to road as an indicator of market access. The results show that
 distance to the nearest road has a significant effect on household food
 consumption patterns. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 541-560 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600929249 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600929249 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:541-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raymond Suttner 
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suttner 
Title: Creating a culture of democracy and debate: response to Ndinda and Neocosmos 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 561-567 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350600927409 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350600927409 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:4:p:561-567




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Forester 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Forester 
Title: Exploring urban practice in a democratising society: opportunities, techniques and challenges 
Abstract:
  By close consideration of carefully collected oral history accounts of
 planners, public administrators, community organisers and leaders, a great
 deal can be learned about both the challenges of governance and the
 opportunities that insightful and skilful practitioners can seize. This
 essay first discusses several of the blind spots that hamper
 practice-focused research and then draws on a novel research approach to
 give a series of practical suggestions for those who might wish to gather,
 produce and analyse vivid and engaged 'practice stories' - to reveal the
 complexities, difficulties and possibilities of South African public
 serving practices. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 569-586 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021814 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021814 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:569-586




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Friedman 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friedman 
Title: On the post-structuralist critique of development: a view from north-west Namibia 
Abstract:
  The Namibian government's long-standing plan to dam the Kunene River has
 generated heated discussion on a number of development issues, both within
 and outside the country. This article examines the discourses of the
 various groupings in the so-called Epupa debate by paying special
 attention to the ways they represent 'development', the project and the
 affected community; and it explores aspects of agency by focusing on Himba
 people's attempts to assert opposition to the project. The Epupa case also
 affords us the opportunity to evaluate aspects of the post-structuralist
 critique of development. The article suggests that the currently
 fashionable critique offers a simplistic interpretation of the development
 process and reveals the need for a more thorough (and insightful)
 scholarly engagement with development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 587-603 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021822 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021822 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:587-603




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annelize Booysen-Wolthers 
Author-X-Name-First: Annelize 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen-Wolthers 
Author-Name: Frederick Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Author-Name: Lucius Botes 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botes 
Title: Changes in the development status of women in South Africa from 1996 to 2001: for the better or for the worse? 
Abstract:
  The adoption of the 1996 Constitution mainstreamed women's issues in
 South Africa, but, despite the commendable progress in this sphere over
 the past ten years, success is only discernible if it translates into the
 betterment of women's lives. This paper aims to ascertain whether the
 development status of women improved or worsened between 1996 and 2001 by
 employing a gender-adjusted human development index (HDI). To offset the
 limitations of an aggregate measure, while compensating for the
 potentially distorting effects of HIV/AIDS on an aggregate human
 development indicator, a framework of supporting measures of well-being is
 also analysed to augment and validate the findings of the gender-specific
 HDI. The study finds that between 1996 and 2001 the development status of
 women in South Africa regressed, in both absolute and (especially)
 relative terms. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 605-626 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021855 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021855 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:605-626




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Altman 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Altman 
Title: Identifying employment-creating sectors in South Africa: the role of services industries 
Abstract:
  This paper explores scenarios for employment creation, with an emphasis
 on services. It considers whether the government's current policies for
 the formal services sector will achieve its 2014 target of halving
 unemployment. New employment has mainly been found in the formal and
 non-formal services, and future employment will probably come from such
 sectors as business services, trade, finance and tourism. As at 2004,
 about 480&#xa0;000 new jobs were needed annually to halve unemployment
 from 26.2 per cent to 13 per cent by 2014. This would require at least
 twice the average annual job creation since 1994. Two scenarios are
 considered: the first under current conditions with similar rates of
 growth; the second with substantial improvements in policy, especially the
 promotion of trade in services. The first scenario leaves the economy with
 the same rate of unemployment in 2014. The second sees a reduction in
 unemployment of 20 per cent. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 627-647 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021871 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021871 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:627-647




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Spenceley 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spenceley 
Title: Tourism in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park 
Abstract:
  The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) is a transboundary protected
 area that straddles the borders of Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
 The park's development was partly motivated by the ecological objective of
 re-establishing traditional migratory wildlife routes once fences between
 the three countries are dismantled. Besides biodiversity conservation
 benefits, the park may also provide a basis to generate revenue for
 conservation and local economic development through tourism. This paper
 describes current state and private sector tourism within the GLTP and
 planning initiatives that may promote responsible tourism, and describes
 the achievements by community-based tourism enterprises and public-private
 partnerships in generating economic, social and environmental benefits.
 The livelihoods of people living in the park are outlined in relation to
 government policies on land redistribution, resettlement and options for
 the future, and progress in biodiversity conservation and responsible
 nature-based tourism development within the GLTP over the past five years
 is evaluated. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 649-667 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021897 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021897 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:649-667




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Gastao Lukanu 
Author-X-Name-First: Gastao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukanu 
Author-Name: Steve Worth 
Author-X-Name-First: Steve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Worth 
Author-Name: Peter Greenfield 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenfield 
Title: Use of wealth ranking to analyse factors influencing smallholder farmers' market participation in northern Mozambique 
Abstract:
  This study analysed factors influencing smallholders' market
 participation, using wealth-ranking factors. Two hypotheses were tested:
 that (1) wealth status and (2) wealth-ranking factors are positively
 related to market participation. Significant and positive relationships
 were found between wealth-ranking factors (labour, number of livestock,
 implements, bicycles, food availability, area of land cultivated and crops
 sold) and wealth status. Wealth status and wealth-ranking factors were
 positively and significantly correlated with the number of different kinds
 of cash crops sold. However, household characteristics not indicated as
 wealth-ranking factors, such as age, gender and literacy level, related
 insignificantly to market participation. Labour was the most important
 wealth-ranking factor explaining market participation. This analytical
 tool can be used to assess the wealth-ranking factors that influence
 market participation. It can help identify strategies for improving this
 participation and may also be used to assess the way a cash crop
 development project affects a household's wealth status. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 669-683 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021939 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021939 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:669-683




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hendrik Zietsman 
Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zietsman 
Author-Name: Sanette LA Ferreira 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: LA Ferreira 
Author-Name: Izak Van Der Merwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Izak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Merwe 
Title: Measuring the growth potential of towns in the Western Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Urban settlements in the Western Cape sustain regional development and
 are vital to the national spatial economy, but because not all contribute
 or participate equally they do not grow at the same rate - some flourish
 while others decline. The Provincial Administration of the Western Cape
 therefore commissioned a study to evaluate and monitor their functions and
 performance. This paper assesses the study's methodology and procedures.
 It describes the variables used and explains how the raw data were
 transformed into comparative indices and combined into a single composite
 development potential index. It evaluates the sub-indices and the
 composite index by mapping the results and uses multivariate statistical
 techniques to explore the logic and validity of the results. It confirms
 that the indices created for measuring urban growth potential were well
 chosen and constructed, laying a sound theoretical and methodological base
 for future decisions about public investment in rural towns. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 685-700 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 23 
Year: 2006 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601021954 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601021954 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:23:y:2006:i:5:p:685-700




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Crush 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush 
Author-Name: Bruce Frayne 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frayne 
Title: The migration and development nexus in Southern Africa Introduction 
Abstract:
  The role of international and internal migration in facilitating or
 inhibiting development is currently attracting considerable attention
 globally. In southern Africa, the migration-development nexus has been
 researched for a number of years and policy makers in both the development
 and migration fields are now paying it increasing attention and
 increasingly recognising the significance of migration for development and
 poverty reduction. Much of the international debate on this nexus is
 hampered by the absence of sound, reliable national and local data. This
 collection of essays by southern African researchers combines the national
 with the local, the quantitative with the qualitative, and addresses
 several prominent themes in the global migration-development debate:
 remittances, the brain drain and migrant rights. It also focuses on key
 migration-development issues which have received less attention globally,
 but which are of critical importance to southern Africa: migration and
 HIV/AIDS, migration and food security and the rural impact of migrant
 retrenchments. This Introduction to the collection contextualises the
 essays within current international and local debates. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165710 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165710 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:1-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Mattes 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mattes 
Author-Name: Namhla Mniki 
Author-X-Name-First: Namhla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mniki 
Title: Restless minds: South African students and the brain drain 
Abstract:
  This article reports the results of a 2002 survey of emigration potential
 among a representative sample of 4784 postgraduate and final-year
 undergraduate students at South Africa's tertiary educational
 institutions. The authors created a valid and reliable index of emigration
 potential and found slightly higher levels than those measured by
 identical questions in previous surveys of skilled adult South Africans.
 Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the factors that most
 increase emigration potential among South Africa's future skills base are
 logistical ones, including family encouragement and financial resources.
 Next in importance are students' prospects of a better life for themselves
 and their families in their target countries than in South Africa.
 Finally, the study showed that patriotism and strong national identity
 decrease emigration potential while previous travel abroad and access to
 information about life abroad increase it. It also found that a range of
 possible government attempts to make emigration more difficult would only
 increase students' probability of leaving the country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 25-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165769 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165769 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:25-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abel Chikanda 
Author-X-Name-First: Abel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikanda 
Title: Medical migration from Zimbabwe: magnitude, causes and impact on the poor 
Abstract:
  This article examines the migration of health professionals from Zimbabwe
 in the face of a worsening economic and political crisis. Drawing on data
 from selected health institutions, it shows that the magnitude of this
 migration is increasing, with no signs of slowing down, and that economic
 factors are largely responsible. This outflow has negatively affected the
 users of the health system, particularly the poor who cannot afford the
 alternative health services offered by the better-staffed and
 well-equipped private clinics and consequently have resorted to visiting
 traditional and faith healers. Based on the research findings, the study
 calls for a speedy resolution of the current economic and political crisis
 as a long-term solution for reducing the medical brain drain from
 Zimbabwe. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 47-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165850 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165850 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:47-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Loren Landau 
Author-X-Name-First: Loren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landau 
Title: Discrimination and development? Immigration, urbanisation and sustainable livelihoods in Johannesburg 
Abstract:
  Through its analysis of new survey data and interviews coupled with
 participant observation, this article examines how official and popular
 responses to international migration and urbanisation may undermine
 Johannesburg's efforts to build a prosperous, safe and inclusive city.
 Working from the position that international migration is an inexorable
 response to regional economic inequality, it illustrates how ignorance,
 xenophobia and legal discrimination are preventing significant numbers of
 foreign migrants from productively integrating into Johannesburg's
 politics, economy and communities. It concludes that, in an era of
 migration, building inclusive and sustainable cities means finding
 creative ways to combat discrimination based on nationality, even when
 such exclusion is legally, politically, and socially mandated. Doing
 otherwise tacitly endorses human rights abuses, social fragmentation,
 inequitable growth and insecurity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 61-76 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165876 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165876 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:61-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Grant 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant 
Title: Lodging as a migrant economic strategy in urban Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The 1990s were a decade of rapid urbanisation and growth of squatter
 settlements in African cities. Given the severe shortage of affordable
 housing options, a large proportion of urban dwellers choose lodging as
 the only economically viable, legal shelter option. Lodging is thus an
 essential element of the economic survival strategy of the urban poor.
 Based on a longitudinal study of lodgers in a medium-sized Zimbabwean city
 during the mid-1990s, this article explores the economic characteristics
 and strategies of lodging households during a time of rapid urban growth
 and worsening economic conditions. The article outlines the way these
 changes affect lodging household composition, shelter features, economic
 coping mechanisms and overall vulnerability. It concludes with a brief
 examination of the present urban situation in Zimbabwe. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 77-90 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165900 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165900 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:77-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Frayne 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frayne 
Title: Migration and the changing social economy of Windhoek, Namibia 
Abstract:
  This study focuses on the economic strategies employed by poor urban
 households in Windhoek, Namibia. It is based on the findings of a
 household questionnaire survey conducted in Windhoek and qualitative case
 studies collected in both Windhoek and the rural northern regions of
 Namibia. The central argument of this article is that rural-urban
 migration in Namibia is not unilinear but involves a complex relationship
 between rural and urban households that is fostered by high levels of
 personal mobility between the rural and urban settings. These close and
 complex social linkages between the rural and urban sectors make it
 possible for people to withstand the economic difficulties associated with
 limited employment in the formal urban economy. Further, this study shows
 that a key survival factor for urban households is in fact food that is
 produced in the rural areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 91-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165918 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165918 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:91-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel Owuor 
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Owuor 
Title: Migrants, urban poverty and the changing nature of urban-rural linkages in Kenya 
Abstract:
  In the literature on rural-urban linkages in sub-Saharan Africa the focus
 has so far been predominantly on the urban dwellers contributing to the
 livelihood of the rural ones, usually through remittances from family
 members living in the city. Although acknowledged in the last two decades,
 the reverse flow, i.e. the extent to which town dwellers realise part of
 their livelihood from rural sources, remains poorly understood. Based on
 recent research in Nakuru town, Kenya, this paper demonstrates that
 urban-rural linkages are not only important for the rural households, but
 are becoming an important element of the livelihood (or survival)
 strategies of poor urban households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 109-122 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165926 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165926 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:109-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: France Maphosa 
Author-X-Name-First: France 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maphosa 
Title: Remittances and development: the impact of migration to South Africa on rural livelihoods in southern Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The development potential of remittances has not received much policy
 attention in the migrants' countries of origin. The Homelink facility
 established by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe in May 2004 excludes
 undocumented migrants, who are unlikely to use formal channels to send
 their remittances back home, and studies on international migration from
 Zimbabwe to South Africa have neglected the role of remittances,
 especially from undocumented migrants. However, some countries have
 realised this potential and developed strategies to encourage the flow and
 investment of remittances, which can contribute significantly to poverty
 reduction and development. Without such regulations and policies, which
 require the collaboration of government, migrant groups, the local
 community, non-governmental organisations and other international
 organisations, migrant remittances will continue to be used mainly for
 consumption, with a very small proportion being invested in sustainable
 investment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 123-136 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165942 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165942 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:123-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fion De Vletter 
Author-X-Name-First: Fion 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Vletter 
Title: Migration and development in Mozambique: poverty, inequality and survival 
Abstract:
  Migration is many Mozambicans' preferred employment option (and sometimes
 last resort). Rural southern Mozambique, short of resources and
 traditionally less productive agriculturally than other regions of
 Mozambique, is now more developed and better off than other rural areas.
 An inter-regional analysis of the South, Centre and North of Mozambique
 demonstrates developmental differences largely attributable to labour
 migration (mainly to South Africa) and remittances. However, although
 migrant worker households, usually deficit agricultural producers largely
 dependent on migrant remittances, are often better off than non-migrant
 ones, many are still vulnerable to poverty. Migration has changed
 significantly over the last 15 years, with the eclipsing of mine migration
 and the increasing scarcity of jobs available to young Mozambicans.
 Despite the overall positive economic impact of migrant labour in southern
 Mozambique, as remittances decrease because earnings are lower and
 mechanisms for transfer are limited, its benefit may diminish. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 137-153 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165975 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165975 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:137-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theresa Ulicki 
Author-X-Name-First: Theresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulicki 
Author-Name: Jonathan Crush 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush 
Title: Poverty, gender and migrancy: Lesotho's migrant farmworkers in South Africa 
Abstract:
  During the 1990s, eastern Free State vegetable farmers increasingly
 relied on migrants from neighbouring Lesotho for seasonal labour. This
 coincided with a major downsizing of the mine labour force in South
 Africa, hitherto the major employer of Basotho migrant workers. However,
 there was no simple process of transfer of unemployed migrants from the
 mining to the farming sector; rather, decisions were mediated by domestic
 relationships and household poverty in Lesotho. Basotho women and girls
 have been a major casualty of mine retrenchments and the drying up of
 remittances, and those with domestic skills but little formal training
 have been forced into the labour market, mainly domestic work in towns and
 labour on farms. This article examines the Basotho migrants' experiences
 and conditions of employment, the regulatory environment within which they
 are recruited and employed, and their future in the context of changing
 immigration and migration legislation in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 155-172 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601165983 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601165983 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:155-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xola Ngonini 
Author-X-Name-First: Xola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngonini 
Title: Anxious communities: the decline of mine migration in the Eastern Cape 
Abstract:
  This article addresses the neglected question of what happens to
 development when migration goes into decline. It examines two villages in
 the Eastern Cape, South Africa's poorest province and long dependent on
 mine migration, which is now burdened with returning ex-miners because of
 retrenchments in the mining industry. It describes the negative effect on
 ex-migrants' psychological wellbeing and standing in the community, and
 other effects such as the emergence of women as the new migrants as
 ex-miners fail to cope in other sectors or to apply mine skills at home;
 an increase in poverty through loss of wages; lack of money for education;
 a decline in investment in agriculture; the conversion of farmland to
 grazing; lack of business development; and dependence on pensions and
 child welfare grants. The article concludes that although migration did
 not provide a route out of poverty, its absence is making the poor a lot
 worse off. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 173-185 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601166015 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601166015 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:173-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalya Dinat 
Author-X-Name-First: Natalya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinat 
Author-Name: Sally Peberdy 
Author-X-Name-First: Sally 
Author-X-Name-Last: Peberdy 
Title: Restless worlds of work, health and migration: domestic workers in Johannesburg 
Abstract:
  The lives of migrant women have generally received far less attention
 than those of their male counterparts. Similarly, male migrants have been
 the focus of research on the relationship between migration and HIV/AIDS.
 Little attention has been paid to the vulnerability of female migrants
 themselves to HIV infection and their access to health care and treatment.
 Domestic work is the second largest sector of employment for black women
 in South Africa, and the largest for black women in Johannesburg and, as
 this article shows, most of these workers are migrants. Based on a survey
 of 1100 domestic workers in Johannesburg, the article explores the lives
 of domestic workers, focusing on their experience as migrants, their
 working conditions, use of health-care services and knowledge of and
 possible vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 186-203 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601166056 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601166056 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:186-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prerna Banati 
Author-X-Name-First: Prerna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Banati 
Title: Risk amplification: HIV in migrant communities 
Abstract:
  The demography of both urban and rural South Africa is shaped by
 migration, with three unique patterns: labour-sending, labour-receiving
 and rural areas. This article explores the relationship between HIV risk
 and migration in South Africa. It identifies the urban informal
 settlements common in labour-receiving areas as key magnifiers of HIV
 risk, increasing the vulnerability of migrant workers in these townships.
 It examines the urban informal settlement, a unique social environment
 with distinctly high-risk behaviour dynamics, as a focal determinant of
 HIV. It proposes this framework as an extension of the migration-HIV
 dialectic beyond the traditionally unidimensional approach, to encompass a
 more contextualised discussion. This methodology, which uses the
 environment as an entry point to understanding behaviour and emphasises
 the importance of addressing the HIV-migration issue within a broader
 development perspective, has important implications for HIV programming in
 South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 205-223 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350601166080 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350601166080 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:1:p:205-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanette Marie Manjengwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manjengwa 
Title: Linking environment and development, easier said than done: learning from the Zimbabwean experience 
Abstract:
  Despite the popularity of the concept of sustainable development, there
 is growing evidence that, globally, human enterprise is becoming less
 sustainable rather than more. This paper examines this concept and the
 difficulty of linking it with environmental concerns. Developing countries
 emphasise economic growth and the eradication of poverty as prerequisites
 for sustainable development, but despite national strategies and
 programmes, implementation, especially in Africa, remains weak and fraught
 with problems. Focusing on national strategies for sustainable development
 in Zimbabwe, this paper highlights the fragmented and sectoral approach
 that results in low impact. Agenda 21 as a blueprint for sustainable
 development underestimates the complexities of diverse situations on the
 ground and the political and socio-economic realities of development that
 are in constant flux. Sustainable development initiatives fail to
 successfully integrate development with environmental concerns, poverty is
 not adequately addressed, and conservation is regarded as merely an
 income-generating luxury. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 225-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327145 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327145 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:225-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derik Gelderblom 
Author-X-Name-First: Derik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelderblom 
Title: Does poverty constrain migration in South Africa? Evidence, explanations and implications 
Abstract:
  There are indications that poor people may face obstacles to their
 rural-urban migration. This article pursues the question of whether this
 is the case in the South African context. It argues for the importance of
 longitudinal data, which are not available at present, to answer this
 question conclusively. Levels of education can be used as a proxy for
 income levels, and the article examines recently published multivariate
 data in this regard. However, using education as a proxy for income is
 problematic, because education has an independent effect on migration
 rates through its selection of those with the skill levels demanded by the
 labour market. The article develops an argument about the constraining
 effects of the costs of migration and the role of social networks in
 migration and ends by demonstrating how the costs of migration can solve a
 number of puzzles presented by empirical research on migration. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-255 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327152 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327152 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:241-255




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maurice Taonezvi Vambe 
Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Taonezvi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vambe 
Title: Race and land ownership in Rhodesia: trajectories of conflicting nationalisms in Shimmer Chinodya's Dew in the morning (2001) 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses Shimmer Chinodya's novel Dew in the morning in order
 to demonstrate that fiction has the capacity to reveal patterns of meaning
 that comment on race relations and to show how these are related to the
 issue of land ownership in Rhodesia. The novel questions the assumption
 that bitterness and anger over economic dispossession necessarily leads to
 rebellion. Dew in the morning recounts different kinds of resistances that
 emphasise the 'peasant option' (Ranger, 1985) in which Africans developed
 groups to stave off the possibility of being absorbed as full-time wage
 earners. The novel adds complexity to the notions of the armed political
 struggle and the peasant option by showing that these routes produced
 differentiated African subjectivities based on race, class and gender
 nationalisms. The movements or trajectories of these forms of peasant
 consciousnesses produced conflict-ridden nationalisms characterised by
 moments of resistance, incorporation and obeisance to colonial rule. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 257-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327160 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327160 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:257-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Charles Meth 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meth 
Title: Dualism or underdevelopment in South Africa: what does a quantitative assessment of poverty, inequality and employment reveal? 
Abstract:
  Debate over the nature of South African society has continued through the
 first decade of democratic government, including the question of a 'First'
 and a 'Second' economy. This paper focuses on the numbers and
 characteristics of those who might fit into the 'Second'. The data
 examined suggest that both poverty and inequality have increased in South
 Africa since 1993, while also suggesting the presence of poverty traps
 that may hinder mobility and prevent individuals getting ahead despite the
 dramatic economic and political reforms since 1994. We estimate that some
 6.2 million could be described as belonging to the 'Second' economy.
 However, we argue that there is more to the relationship between those who
 are marginalised and those who are benefiting from South Africa's
 achievement than a dualistic and disarticulated 'First' and 'Second'
 economy. Linkages of inclusion and exclusion determine the size,
 characteristics and future of the two economies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 271-287 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327178 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327178 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:271-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donald Kgathi 
Author-X-Name-First: Donald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kgathi 
Author-Name: Barbara Ngwenya 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwenya 
Author-Name: Julie Wilk 
Author-X-Name-First: Julie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilk 
Title: Shocks and rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana 
Abstract:
  This paper describes the impacts that three shocks in the Okavango Delta,
 Botswana, have had on rural livelihoods: the desiccation of river
 channels, animal diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Primary data was collected from
 five study areas, using formal questionnaire interviews and focus group
 discussions. The paper reveals the adverse effects on rural livelihoods.
 It describes the way households have been exposed to poverty and
 vulnerability and the various ways they have coped or adapted, such as by
 re-allocating their labour, liquidating their assets to cover medical
 expenses and funeral costs, reducing the area ploughed for crops, hiring
 labour, digging wells and switching from flood recession agriculture to
 dryland farming. The Botswana government has provided safety nets to help
 households cope, but this paper recommends that people's responses to
 these shocks should be taken into account in future policy and programme
 formulation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-308 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327186 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327186 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:289-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kalie Pauw 
Author-X-Name-First: Kalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pauw 
Author-Name: Scott Mcdonald 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcdonald 
Author-Name: Cecilia Punt 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Punt 
Title: Agricultural efficiency and welfare in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Agricultural and food commodity price declines associated with domestic
 and international agricultural efficiency gains can have important welfare
 effects for a country. While food price reductions benefit low-income
 consumers in particular, they may also cause declines in agricultural
 employment, leading to some resistance to technological change as a policy
 goal. The simulations reported here use a South African Computable General
 Equilibrium model with highly disaggregated food and agricultural sectors
 to illustrate the various effects of such agricultural efficiency gains.
 The results suggest that technological advances in agriculture should not
 be resisted because of their negative impact on agricultural employment;
 the welfare gains from declining prices are too important, while
 employment gains in other (growing) sectors are likely to outweigh the
 loss of agricultural employment. In the face of increasing international
 efficiency South African agriculture should be encouraged to respond by
 also increasing its efficiency, despite the negative consequences for
 employment in the industry, as a failure to do so may be even more
 detrimental to the poor in terms of overall employment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 309-333 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327236 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327236 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:309-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mandla Sv Gantsho 
Author-X-Name-First: Mandla Sv 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gantsho 
Author-Name: Patrick Karani 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karani 
Title: Entrepreneurship and innovation in development finance institutions for promoting the clean development mechanism in Africa 
Abstract:
  This article demonstrates how entrepreneurship and innovation can help
 promote the clean development mechanism in Africa through development
 finance institutions. If DFIs do not have sufficient knowledge of how to
 enhance entrepreneurship and innovation they will have only a limited
 impact in promoting innovative financial instruments for achieving
 environmental benefits. Supporting innovation and entrepreneurship will
 enable DFIs to create opportunities for adaptive learning and creativity,
 to adjust to emerging CDM innovative financial instruments and to play a
 key role in promoting CDM in Africa. It will make DFIs more knowledge
 based and enhance their ability to provide monetary incentives through
 their project financing activities, to encourage and facilitate
 partnerships to support the CDM, and to provide technical advice and
 support to clients for project design, planning and implementation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 335-344 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327269 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327269 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:335-344




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Kisaalita 
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kisaalita 
Author-Name: Josephat Sentongo-Kibalama 
Author-X-Name-First: Josephat 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sentongo-Kibalama 
Title: Delivery of urban transport in developing countries: the case for the motorcycle taxi service (boda-boda) operators of Kampala 
Abstract:
  In East Africa, the development of the bicycle and motorcycle taxi
 (boda-boda) service can be seen as a spontaneous entrepreneurial response
 to the increased availability of bicycles and motorcycles. Concomitant
 with the increasing number of boda-boda operators is the escalating
 passenger safety concern. A needs assessment survey instrument was
 administered to randomly selected motorcycle boda-boda operators from a
 Kampala suburb (Kalerwe and Bwayise locations). Besides safety, the
 questionnaire addressed issues related to preferred equipment type,
 ownership, operator training, profitability and operators' attitudes
 toward organised association. The results of the study support the notion
 that it is difficult for boda-boda operators to make substantial
 improvements in their incomes. The results also illustrate the importance
 of this emerging cottage industry to the local economy. However, more
 needs to be done to protect the public and to enhance the boda-boda
 operators' professionalism. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 345-357 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327319 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327319 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:345-357




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucky Madikiza 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madikiza 
Title: Book Review 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 359-360 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701327343 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701327343 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:2:p:359-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Reviewing Africa in the global tourism economy 
Abstract:
  Africa is a small but expanding region of the global tourism economy.
 This article has two objectives. The first is to provide a profile of
 tourism in Africa and indicate the continent's position in the global
 tourism economy. The second is to offer an overview of African tourism
 research and more specifically to highlight core issues in recent
 scholarship and debate about tourism development across the continent. The
 article argues that, at a time when many African governments and
 international organisations are acknowledging the developmental
 significance of tourism, a foundation of research is being consolidated to
 inform the development of new policy and initiatives for tourism in
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 361-379 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445350 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445350 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:361-379




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter John Massyn 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Massyn 
Title: Communal land reform and tourism investment in Namibia's communal areas: a question of unfinished business? 
Abstract:
  The policy and legislative environment affecting natural resource
 management in Namibia's communal areas has undergone significant reform
 since independence. This article traces the history of this process and
 illustrates some of the advances and difficulties that have emerged in
 post-independence attempts to create durable tenure security in communal
 areas. It does so by reviewing key pieces of legislation which devolve
 certain resource rights to local communities and renovate the
 administration of land in communal areas. It describes the gains but also
 notes the limits of these reforms: the restricted powers of conservancies
 impede their ability to offer investment partners basic security of
 tenure, and the tourism leases available under the new system of communal
 land administration are of questionable commercial value. It also touches
 on the complexity of a modernising reform process that proceeds alongside
 - and has to accommodate - long-established customary systems of land
 tenure and management. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 381-392 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445384 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445384 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:381-392




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karin Mahony 
Author-X-Name-First: Karin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahony 
Title: Certification in the South African tourism industry: the case of Fair Trade in Tourism 
Abstract:
  Internationally, certification is playing an increasing role in
 regulating and monitoring tourism enterprise, and promoting responsible
 and sustainable tourism development. Certification is relatively new in
 the South African tourism industry, with schemes being developed to
 measure product quality and the environmental, social and developmental
 aspects of tourism. This article positions certification in the South
 African tourism industry against important international debates on the
 topic and against some major challenges facing the industry in this
 country, namely the growth of the sector, transformation and sustainable
 socio-economic development. One certification programme, Fair Trade in
 Tourism South Africa, is presented as a case study. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 393-408 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445426 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445426 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:393-408




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalie Mladenov 
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mladenov 
Author-Name: R John Gardner 
Author-X-Name-First: R John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardner 
Author-Name: E Nicholas Flores 
Author-X-Name-First: E Nicholas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flores 
Author-Name: E Joseph Mbaiwa 
Author-X-Name-First: E Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaiwa 
Author-Name: Gagoitseope Mmopelwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Gagoitseope 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mmopelwa 
Author-Name: M Kenneth Strzepek 
Author-X-Name-First: M Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strzepek 
Title: The value of wildlife-viewing tourism as an incentive for conservation of biodiversity in the Okavango Delta, Botswana 
Abstract:
  The Okavango Delta is a large wetland safari destination in north-western
 Botswana. Given that future threats to its water supply may affect the
 biodiversity of this ecosystem, it was important to elicit a value of the
 Delta from the tourism sector and assess how biodiversity influences that
 value. This paper presents a valuation of visitors' preferences for the
 preservation of the Okavango Delta in 2001 and 2002 using contingent
 valuation (CV) and travel cost (TC) approaches. The results showed that
 the quality of wildlife viewing was significantly correlated with
 willingness-to-pay (WTP) for preservation and suggested that impaired
 biodiversity would negatively affect the value of this ecosystem. The
 combined CV and TC values totalled US$285/visitor/annum. Extrapolated to
 the annual pool of visitors to the Delta in 2002, this translates to US$23
 million, a large reservoir of funds from the tourism sector that could be
 used for preservation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 409-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445525 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445525 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:409-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: The challenges of developing backpacker tourism in South Africa: an enterprise perspective 
Abstract:
  Since the democratic transition, South Africa has become an increasingly
 popular destination for backpacker tourism. This article analyses the
 challenges facing the development of backpacker tourism in South Africa by
 presenting the findings of a national survey of suppliers of backpacker
 accommodation. It argues that the industry confronts several challenges,
 inter alia lack of recognition, poor international marketing, inadequate
 support and understanding from provincial and local governments,
 difficulty in accessing finance, and a weak national industry association. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 425-444 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445533 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445533 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:425-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Mitchell 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell 
Author-Name: Jojoh Faal 
Author-X-Name-First: Jojoh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Faal 
Title: Holiday package tourism and the poor in the Gambia 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses the tourism value chain in order to understand and
 encourage pro-poor growth of the tourist sector in The Gambia. The central
 finding is that about 14 per cent of the Gambian part of the chain flows
 directly into the hands of poor people - a much larger pro-poor outcome
 than the authors expected. This is due to well-developed local linkages in
 the destination country that allow poor people to access tourist
 discretionary expenditure - supported by concerted action from civil
 society and donor organisations. Pathways from tourism to the poor are, in
 descending order of importance, craft markets, the food supply chain,
 non-managerial staff in hotels, excursion guides, and taxis. To increase
 the benefits from tourism to the poor, the paper recommends increasing
 both the size of the slice that accrues to them and the size of the
 tourist cake itself. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 445-464 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445541 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445541 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:445-464




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haretsebe Manwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Haretsebe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manwa 
Title: Is Zimbabwe ready to venture into the cultural tourism market? 
Abstract:
  Zimbabwe has long relied solely on abundant wildlife resources to attract
 tourists. The government land reform programme has, however, resulted in
 the significant depletion of these resources. In this paper, cultural
 tourism is suggested as a complementary attraction to domestic tourists.
 The findings of the study, based on a questionnaire administered
 face-to-face, indicate that to enter this market Zimbabwe will need to
 build capacity in areas such as personnel, where frontline staff will need
 to be recruited, trained and motivated to meet customer needs. In
 conclusion, it is mentioned that the unstable economic and political
 climate prevailing in Zimbabwe militates against the development of
 cultural attractors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 465-474 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445558 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445558 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:465-474




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlien Lourens 
Author-X-Name-First: Marlien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lourens 
Title: Route tourism: a roadmap for successful destinations and local economic development 
Abstract:
  This paper examines themed tourism routes as a potential driver for local
 economic development. Lessons are drawn from case studies of the Camino de
 Santiago in Spain and France and the Midlands Meander in South Africa to
 demonstrate their positive impact on rural economies. The paper argues
 that the successful development of tourism routes is not an exact science
 and emerging destinations often have many difficulties to overcome. Using
 the case studies, it explores the elements of themed routes that make them
 successful destinations and highlights the importance of planning and
 institutional development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 475-490 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445574 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445574 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:475-490




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joan Mazimhaka 
Author-X-Name-First: Joan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazimhaka 
Title: Diversifying Rwanda's tourism industry: a role for domestic tourism 
Abstract:
  Domestic tourism is an undeveloped theme in African tourism scholarship
 since the planning and promotion of tourism in most African countries is
 biased towards international tourism. Rwanda's tourism industry, anchored
 on the attractions of gorilla tourism for international visitors, is now
 being rebuilt after civil strife and genocide, and diversifying to
 encompass the promotion of cultural tourism. This paper examines the role
 of domestic tourism in Rwanda's developing tourism economy and argues that
 positive benefits can be obtained through the greater promotion of
 domestic tourism in the country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 491-504 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445590 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445590 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:491-504




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Author-Name: Wanjiku Kiambo 
Author-X-Name-First: Wanjiku 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiambo 
Title: The growth and promotion of regional tourism in the developing world: the South African experience 
Abstract:
  Although regional tourism is an important phenomenon in the developing
 world, it has largely been overlooked by international tourism scholars.
 The promotion of regional tourism can make a positive contribution to
 tourism development. This article stresses the importance of regional
 tourists to the expanding tourism economy of South Africa. It highlights
 the changing policy environment and suggests that critical policy
 interventions should be undertaken at both national and local levels of
 government in order to maximise the developmental impacts of promoting
 regional tourism. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 505-521 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445608 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445608 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:505-521




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathryn Mathers 
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathers 
Author-Name: Loren Landau 
Author-X-Name-First: Loren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landau 
Title: Natives, tourists, and makwerekwere: ethical concerns with 'Proudly South African' tourism 
Abstract:
  South Africa wants to be the African destination for tourists from the
 continent and elsewhere in the world. Its ambitions rely on an amorphous
 'African' brand that simultaneously positions itself as quintessentially
 African and 'not African'. Examining this tension reveals at least three
 contradictions implicit in South Africa's current tourist strategies. The
 first is a schizophrenic response to Africans from elsewhere on the
 continent who are at once a critical component of South Africa's
 Africanness, mighty consumers, widely touted as criminals, seen as burdens
 on the state, and deported by the tens of thousands. The second is the
 tourist industry's empowering previously disadvantaged South Africans as
 its raison d'etre, while relying heavily on colonial imagery that is
 inherently (if implicitly) racist. The third is the way it profits from
 the country's democratic transformation but to a large degree remains
 symbolically and financially inaccessible to most of its citizens. This
 article argues that as long as South African tourism is about an African
 brand while denying its African spaces and people, it will struggle to
 become a sustainable and ethical industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 523-537 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701445632 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701445632 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:3:p:523-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Louw 
Author-X-Name-First: Andre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louw 
Author-Name: Hester Vermeulen 
Author-X-Name-First: Hester 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeulen 
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Hilton Madevu 
Author-X-Name-First: Hilton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madevu 
Title: Securing small farmer participation in supermarket supply chains in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Urbanisation and a growing middle class with changing consumption
 patterns provide an ideal setting for supermarkets to prosper. With South
 Africa's urban population approaching 60 per cent, supermarket retail
 chains are now important players in the agro-food sector. Over the last
 two decades they have begun to purchase produce from in-house sourcing
 companies who buy mainly from large-scale farmers. Together with the
 strict requirements of the retail groups, this makes it difficult for
 small-scale farmers to supply these retailers. This paper highlights the
 market changes that could continue to exclude small producers from mass
 consumer markets. It uses a case study to show how small farmers can be
 integrated into the urban retail market and, using evidence from this
 study, proposes a number of strategies to help them participate in the
 mainstream agro-food supply chains and an innovative model for including
 them while maintaining profitable business operations. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 539-551 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577657 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577657 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:539-551




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gastao Lukanu 
Author-X-Name-First: Gastao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukanu 
Author-Name: Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Steve Worth 
Author-X-Name-First: Steve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Worth 
Title: The influence of smallholder labour demand on cultivation of cash crops in northern Mozambique 
Abstract:
  Labour is one of the most important factors affecting smallholder
 cultivation of cash crops. Available household labour (AHL), crop labour
 requirements (CLR) and the ratio AHL:CLR were analysed from data collected
 from 287 households in the southern Niassa province of Mozambique. The
 study confirms that, other factors being held constant, crop labour
 requirements were positively related to the number of households rejecting
 or discontinuing certain cash crops owing to lack of available labour.
 Weeding was the most labour-intensive operation, followed by harvesting,
 preparing soil, transporting produce, clearing land and preparing
 seedlings. The following labour-dependent factors can be estimated: (i)
 the total area a household can cultivate, (ii) the area that can be
 allocated to food crops for consumption, (iii) the area that can be
 allocated to cash crops, (iv) the proportion of households that can
 cultivate cash crops, and (v) the proportion of households that are
 unlikely to produce sufficient food for household consumption. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 553-573 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577715 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577715 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:553-573




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicci Earle 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicci 
Author-X-Name-Last: Earle 
Author-Name: Andrew Nm Paterson 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Nm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paterson 
Title: The shape of demand for high-level agricultural skills in the South African labour market 
Abstract:
  A supply of high-level agricultural skills is foundational to the South
 African agricultural sector's capacity to improve the quality and range of
 agricultural products and services so as to support small agricultural
 producers, meet domestic needs for food security and increase the
 competitiveness of local products on global agricultural markets. Concerns
 about the coexistence of graduate unemployment and skills shortages in the
 agricultural sector prompt the question: What is the shape of demand for
 high-level agricultural skills in the South African labour market? To
 answer this, the authors conducted 83 interviews with respondents in
 private, public and non-governmental organisations involved in
 agriculture. The findings reveal a rising demand for high-level
 agricultural skills among farmers, farm managers and foremen; in research
 and product development; in the sales and marketing functions of firms
 supplying primary agriculture; in government entities across a wide range
 of occupations; and in public and private sector R&D. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 575-593 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577749 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577749 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:575-593




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stu Woolman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolman 
Author-Name: Michael Bishop 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bishop 
Title: Down on the farm and barefoot in the kitchen: farm labour and domestic labour as forms of servitude 
Abstract:
  This article evaluates the claim that working conditions for farm workers
 and domestic workers in South Africa can be analysed in terms of the
 constitutional prohibition against servitude. Recent research and
 statistics suggest that for most of these workers the conditions fit the
 accepted definition of servitude. Although a finding that the
 constitutional right to be free from servitude has been violated is not a
 straightforward matter, the existing research provides the empirical and
 legal predicates for such a finding. The appropriate remedy for violations
 of the 1996 Constitution's prohibition against servitude is the creation,
 by the state, of a comprehensive and coordinated programme designed to
 realise the manumission of these workers. The use of law as a tool for
 social transformation has inherent limits. At a minimum, however, a legal
 finding of such a constitutional infraction obliges the state to employ
 all available means at its disposal to restore the dignity of these
 workers. No one may be subjected to slavery, servitude or forced labour.
 (Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Section 13) 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 595-606 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577764 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577764 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:595-606




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xanthe Wessels 
Author-X-Name-First: Xanthe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wessels 
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass 
Author-Name: Ulrike Rivett 
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rivett 
Title: Improving the efficiency of monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapy at primary health care level: a case study of the introduction of electronic technologies in Guguletu, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a case study of the efficiency gains resulting from
 the introduction of electronic technologies to monitor and support
 adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Guguletu,
 South Africa. It suggests that the rollout of HAART to such resource-poor
 communities can be assisted significantly by the introduction of modified
 cellphones (to provide home based support to people on HAART and improve
 the management of adherence data) and simple bar-coding and scanning
 equipment (to manage drug supplies). The cellphones have improved the
 management of information, and simplified the working lives of therapeutic
 counsellors, thereby enabling them to spend less time on administration
 and to devote a constant amount of time per patient even though their case
 loads have risen threefold. It has helped integrate the local-level
 primary health service provision of HAART with the kind of centralised
 data capture and analysis that could potentially support a national HAART
 rollout. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 607-621 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577772 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577772 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:607-621




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ananya Roy 
Author-X-Name-First: Ananya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy 
Title: The location of practice: a response to John Forester's 'Exploring urban practice in a democratising society: opportunities, techniques and challenges' 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 623-628 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701577780 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701577780 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:4:p:623-628




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Jorge Aguero 
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aguero 
Author-Name: Michael Carter 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carter 
Author-Name: Ian Tim&#xe6;us 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tim&#xe6;us 
Title: The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) third wave: methods, first findings and an agenda for future research 
Abstract:
  The panel study known as the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS)
 has been extended by a new wave of data collection conducted in 2004. This
 third wave of the study interviewed 865 households containing core adult
 members from 760 of the households contacted in 1993. It also conducted
 interviews in next-generation households that have split off from the
 parental households and in the current households of children who have
 been fostered out. The study finds that the proportion of people aged
 20-44 dying between the second and third waves was nearly three times the
 proportion dying between the first two waves. The pattern of income
 distribution is one of increasing poverty and inequality since 1993,
 although the partial reversal of these trends in the post-1998 period is
 hopeful, as are signs of relative prosperity among those who established
 independent next-generation households. In addition, access to services
 has improved. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 629-648 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650488 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650488 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:629-648




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bram Buscher 
Author-X-Name-First: Bram 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buscher 
Author-Name: Tendayi Mutimukuru 
Author-X-Name-First: Tendayi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutimukuru 
Title: Buzzing too far? The ideological echo of global governance concepts on the local level: the case of the Mafungautsi Forest in Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  This article critically examines the effects of global development
 buzzwords on the local level. Familiar examples are: empowerment,
 participation, capacity building, good governance and sustainable
 development. The article presents the findings of a highly exceptional but
 therefore very suitable case: a community-based forestry project in the
 Mafungautsi State Forest in Zimbabwe. This project used the same buzzwords
 throughout its two phases from 1994 to 1999 and from 1999 to 2003, but
 with remarkably different outcomes per phase. Only when the first donor
 left in 1999, owing to Zimbabwe becoming an international pariah, was
 there space for another donor to reconceptualise the same buzzwords on
 different premises, leading to more positive outcomes. The article
 concludes that, although rare in today's donor driven target culture,
 locally appropriate and critical operationalisation of buzzwords is
 possible even if, or perhaps when, it takes place under unthinkable
 circumstances. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 649-664 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650512 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:649-664




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ndinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndinda 
Title: Women's participation in housing delivery: the case of Ezilweleni, South Africa 
Abstract:
  As part of a study on housing delivery in post-apartheid South Africa,
 research was conducted to explore women's participation. The interest in
 women was based on the assumption that their involvement would contribute
 to greater equity in the residential construction sector. Focus group
 discussions and a household survey were conducted. Participants were asked
 about their income sources and their involvement in various phases of
 housing delivery such as securing tenure, planning, procuring materials
 and building. The findings indicate that women influenced decisions about
 the level of infrastructural services in Ezilweleni. They participated in
 housing delivery but reverted to informal sector activities despite
 training in building. Both formal and informal education are necessary if
 greater equity is to be achieved in the construction sector. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 665-680 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650579 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650579 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:665-680




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Kaggwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaggwa 
Author-Name: Anastassios Pouris 
Author-X-Name-First: Anastassios 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pouris 
Author-Name: Jasper Steyn 
Author-X-Name-First: Jasper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steyn 
Title: South Africa government's support of the automotive industry: prospects of the productive asset allowance 
Abstract:
  In 2000 the South African Government introduced an investment incentive
 for the automotive industry, the Productive Asset Allowance (PAA). This
 was intended to support the objectives of the Motor Industry Development
 Programme (MIDP). This paper presents an empirical assessment of the PAA's
 prospects for supporting the competitiveness of South Africa's automotive
 industry. It provides a historical overview of the MIDP and the
 introduction of the PAA and analyses industry performance data on
 investment and competitiveness from 1998 to 2004. The findings reveal that
 while the industry succeeded in increasing exports, the share of
 domestically produced vehicles in the local market decreased. Moreover,
 investment in R&D, as an indicator for future competitiveness, was
 insignificant. The offer of a generic investment incentive like the PAA
 seems to have a significant and positive effect on industry investment,
 but limited ability to support long-term industry competitiveness through
 R&D and innovation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 681-691 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650637 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650637 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:681-691




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Orpha Lotz 
Author-X-Name-First: Orpha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lotz 
Author-Name: Lochner Marais 
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais 
Title: Manufacturing enterprises and marketing planning in a mining area of the North West Province, South Africa: lessons for local business support centres 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the extent to which manufacturing SMMEs (small,
 medium and micro enterprises) see marketing planning as important for
 their businesses in the area of the North West Province known as PKOSH
 (Potchefstroom, Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartbeesfontein). It
 identifies lessons for local business support centres, based on a case
 study of manufacturing businesses in this region. The literature suggests
 that appropriate marketing planning will increase profitability, but it
 was found that most manufacturing industries in this area do not plan
 their marketing appropriately. This is largely because of their close
 relationship with and dependence on the mining industry, which is at
 present extremely volatile, with mine closures imminent. Against this
 background, the authors argue that local business support centres should
 have a much better understanding of local business trends and should
 provide information to help businesses open up markets beyond their
 immediate environment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 693-706 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650728 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650728 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:693-706




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Doreen Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: People-centred environmental management and municipal commonage in the Nama Karoo 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the problem of managing municipal commonage land in
 the Nama Karoo, which is increasingly being used by black or coloured
 emergent farmers. Many of these live in the towns and have very little
 agricultural experience or knowledge, and some are unemployed farmworkers.
 The paper presents findings from a survey of emergent farmers who use
 municipal commonage in Philippolis in the southern Free State. It uses the
 sustainable livelihoods approach to suggest that environmental knowledge
 is a key asset for small farmers, and that suitable approaches to
 agricultural extension need to be adopted to promote ecological knowledge.
 It suggests that ecological knowledge needs to play a more prominent role
 in people-centred, participatory developmental approaches so as to
 strengthen municipal commonage management and prevent the rapid
 desertification of commonage land. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 707-724 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650744 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650744 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:707-724




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Mbaiwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaiwa 
Author-Name: Elisha Toteng 
Author-X-Name-First: Elisha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Toteng 
Author-Name: Naomi Moswete 
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moswete 
Title: Problems and prospects for the development of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun, Botswana 
Abstract:
  This paper draws on the tourism system framework to examine the problems
 and prospects of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun, Botswana. These are
 young centres that have a growing number of tourist attractions,
 facilities and services that could promote urban tourism. The findings of
 this study, based on both secondary and primary data sources, indicate
 that urban tourism in Botswana is relatively undeveloped because there is
 no substantial domestic market, tourist attractions in urban centres are
 poorly developed and marketed, and city development plans and the national
 tourism policy are not integrated. The study concludes that, for tourism
 to become a viable economic sector in the country, urban tourism should be
 integrated into Botswana's tourism policy and city planning. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 725-740 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 24 
Year: 2007 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701650793 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701650793 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:24:y:2007:i:5:p:725-740




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Simons 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simons 
Author-Name: Aly Karam 
Author-X-Name-First: Aly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karam 
Title: Affordable and middle-class housing on Johannesburg's mining sites: a cost-benefit analysis 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the redevelopment of former gold mining land close to
 the downtown area of Johannesburg for affordable and middle-income
 housing. This could provide savings for out-of-pocket costs, time saving
 for commuting costs and better property appreciation. However, the
 properties may be costly to remediate and may still pose some health risks
 from exposure to radon. A cost-benefit analysis examined these issues from
 the perspective of the home occupant. The present value of the net
 benefits over a 20-year study period indicated very positive cost-benefit
 ratios, in excess of five units of benefit for each unit of cost,
 suggesting that the affordable and middle-income housing markets would see
 the area as desirable, could price the additional risk and would accept
 housing modified to reduce the potential health risks. The policy
 implications supported the release of former mining land for housing on a
 careful case-by-case basis. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701836145 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701836145 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:3-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sagie Narsiah 
Author-X-Name-First: Sagie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Narsiah 
Title: Discourses of privatisation: the case of South Africa's water sector 
Abstract:
  The neoliberal offensive incipient during the 1970s matured into a
 globally hegemonic discourse during the 1990s. Developing countries like
 South Africa have their own peculiar brand of neoliberalism. This has
 taken various forms in South Africa, one of which is privatisation. Its
 discursive origins may be traced to key thinkers and institutions. And
 while there is a general discourse of privatisation there also exist
 sub-discourses in particular sectors, such as the water services sector.
 This paper examines the way a general discourse of privatisation evolved
 in South Africa and how this discourse has filtered into water services
 delivery. It argues that key role players and institutions acted as
 disseminators of a discourse of privatisation in the water services
 sector. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 21-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701836152 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701836152 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:21-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zanele Mfono 
Author-X-Name-First: Zanele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mfono 
Author-Name: Precious Ndlovu 
Author-X-Name-First: Precious 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu 
Author-Name: Lilly-Rose Mlisa 
Author-X-Name-First: Lilly-Rose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mlisa 
Author-Name: Sindiswa Duma 
Author-X-Name-First: Sindiswa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duma 
Title: Directional trends in selected aspects of rural poverty in the Eastern Cape Province: changes during the first ten years of South African democracy 
Abstract:
  This study analysed changes in demographic, gender, basic service access
 and agricultural production patterns in the rural black Eastern Cape
 Province between 1993 and 2002 in order to offer advice for future poverty
 alleviation strategies. It used secondary data from national surveys and
 the 2001 census and stratified the Eastern Cape districts into former
 Transkei, former Ciskei and commercial farming district sub-regions, in
 accordance with the pre-1994 developmental scenarios. The results showed
 that the demographic and basic service access changes were positive, but
 that pre-existing sub-regional differences had been reinforced, indicating
 that the populous former Transkei was being marginalised. There has been
 little development for rural women, agricultural production is almost
 negligible and employment in commercial farming has declined.
 Geographically targeted interventions seem to be warranted for the
 demographic, gender development and basic service accessibility aspects of
 Eastern Cape rural poverty, but improving rural production appears to be
 the major challenge. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 37-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701836186 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701836186 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:37-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myra Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Author-Name: Jane Kvalsvig 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kvalsvig 
Title: Scaling up support for children in HIV-affected families by involving early childhood development workers: community views from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates that South Africa has
 1.2 million orphans as a result of AIDS. This study investigated the views
 of communities in KwaZulu-Natal on the potential use of early childhood
 development (ECD) practitioners for helping children in vulnerable
 households. It reports on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions
 with community members and service providers in six different areas of
 KwaZulu-Natal. Despite the increase in the numbers of deaths, people in
 affected areas have yet to accept that HIV is the cause. Stigma, denial,
 myths and witchcraft beliefs were evident, particularly in the rural
 areas. There was general agreement by the respondents that ECD
 practitioners with additional training specific to HIV/AIDS could assist
 families if cost difficulties were overcome. As community members with
 basic training in childcare they could enhance community responses by
 linking with community health workers and other service providers to
 assist children and households in need. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 61-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701836202 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701836202 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:61-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Munyaradzi Mutenje 
Author-X-Name-First: Munyaradzi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutenje 
Author-Name: Cletos Mapiye 
Author-X-Name-First: Cletos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapiye 
Author-Name: Zira Mavunganidze 
Author-X-Name-First: Zira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavunganidze 
Author-Name: Marizvikuru Mwale 
Author-X-Name-First: Marizvikuru 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwale 
Author-Name: Violet Muringai 
Author-X-Name-First: Violet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muringai 
Author-Name: Constance Katsinde 
Author-X-Name-First: Constance 
Author-X-Name-Last: Katsinde 
Author-Name: Ivy Gavumende 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gavumende 
Title: Livestock as a buffer against HIV and AIDS income shocks in the rural households of Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which
 households use livestock sales to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS income
 shocks. Using survey data from the Muzarabani and Bindura districts of
 Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe, the econometric analysis
 indicated that livestock, particularly poultry and small stock, play a
 significant role in smoothing income fluctuations due to HIV/AIDS. Cattle
 sales compensate for 71 per cent of income shortfalls due to HIV/AIDS.
 About 90 per cent of HIV/AIDS-afflicted households, headed mainly by women
 or children, used poultry and goats as consumption-smoothing strategies
 when faced with negative income shocks. Government and other stakeholders
 were advised to support the use of small stock as a strategy for coping
 with HIV/AIDS economic shock in female- or child-headed households in
 rural areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 75-82 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701837754 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701837754 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:75-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Ilorah 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ilorah 
Title: Trade, aid and national development in Africa 
Abstract:
  Trade is crucial for economic growth, with exports providing earnings to
 finance imports. Trade also promotes investments and knowledge transfer.
 Trading countries exploit their comparative advantages to promote
 self-sufficiency, which is obviously better than dependence on foreign
 aid, whether low interest-bearing loans or transfer payments. All aid
 comes with some kind of conditionality attached, amounting to substantial
 burdens that often outweigh possible benefits. Donors often replace the
 administrative machinery of recipient governments, undermining their
 sovereignty and autonomy. These governments then struggle to extricate
 themselves from implied commitments to donors and prevent donor
 governments interfering in their domestic affairs. This paper looks at
 Africa's poor trade performance, arguing that among the consequences are
 the continent's continuing dependence on foreign aid and the accompanying
 burdensome negative sentiments from the rest of the world. It recommends
 that the new African programme New Partnership for Africa's Development be
 developed to a full economic integration to expand the regional markets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 83-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701837796 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701837796 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:83-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Author-Name: Daisy Kambalame 
Author-X-Name-First: Daisy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambalame 
Author-Name: Sean De Cleene 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Cleene 
Author-Name: Nkosithabile Ndlovu 
Author-X-Name-First: Nkosithabile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu 
Title: Towards collective business action and cross-sector collaboration in responsible competitiveness clusters in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  Responsible competitiveness clusters are cross-sector collaboration
 initiatives focused on identifying and acting upon synergies between
 sustainable development and economic competitiveness objectives. By means
 of three case studies in southern Africa this paper investigates the
 incentives, opportunities and challenges encountered in the emergence of
 such clusters. The first case study focuses on a regional response to the
 development challenges encountered in a South African mining area, the
 second describes efforts to make the Malawian agriculture sector more
 inclusive and competitive and the third discusses options for enhancing
 the competitiveness of the Lesotho textile sector. The paper concludes
 with a discussion of the role of international trade networks, the
 institutional framework, public sector support and internal governance
 processes as key factors influencing the initial level of success of these
 initiatives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 99-118 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701837812 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701837812 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:99-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Mitchell 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell 
Author-Name: Neil Andersson 
Author-X-Name-First: Neil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson 
Author-Name: Ncumisa Ngxowa 
Author-X-Name-First: Ncumisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngxowa 
Author-Name: Serge Merhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Serge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Merhi 
Title: A community-based impact assessment of the Wild Coast spatial development initiative, 1997-2004 
Abstract:
  Much of the debate around the spatial development initiatives (SDIs) in
 South Africa is based on economic theory. To add the community
 perspective, an evaluation of local economic development on the Wild Coast
 followed a baseline in 1997 with comparable surveys in 2000 and 2004.
 Apart from an increase in access to piped water and a reduction in
 unofficial payments for health services, there was little community
 evidence of development over this period. Residents reported decreasing
 knowledge of the SDI and there was no increase in numbers considering
 small business ownership. In the investment-intensive 'anchor' areas, as
 in the SDI as a whole, there was no significant increase in employment and
 more households received remitted incomes from migrant workers. In an SDI
 for small businesses in tourism and agriculture, there was a dramatic
 fall-off in food production. No more households had loans in 2004 than in
 1997, but more were taking loans from loan sharks. Other spatial planning
 initiatives might learn from the Wild Coast, not least through the
 perspectives gained from community-based impact assessments. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 119-132 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350701837895 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350701837895 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:1:p:119-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mogomme Masoga 
Author-X-Name-First: Mogomme 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masoga 
Author-Name: Lulama Makhubela 
Author-X-Name-First: Lulama 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makhubela 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 133-133 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090451 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090451 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:133-133




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andries du Toit 
Author-X-Name-First: Andries 
Author-X-Name-Last: du Toit 
Title: Living on the margins: the social dynamics of economic marginalisation 
Abstract:
  This paper introduces the key concepts and focus of a special issue of
 Development Southern Africa on the social dynamics of economic
 marginalisation. It emphasises the importance of the rise of 'second
 economy' discourse in South Africa, but warns against its implicit
 dualism: persistent poverty can flow not simply from disconnection but
 also from adverse incorporation. The contributions collected in this
 special issue highlight the diversity of ways the poor may be connected,
 disconnected or incorporated. The paper considers these ways and
 distinguishes between a number of different concepts of marginality. It
 also argues that the case studies presented in these papers show that
 policy-makers should beware of naive or overly optimistic assumptions
 about the benefits of 'integrating' poor people into broader economic
 systems within which they have little leverage. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 135-150 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090493 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090493 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:135-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deborah Potts 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Potts 
Title: The urban informal sector in sub-Saharan Africa: from bad to good (and back again?) 
Abstract:
  Conceptualisations of the informal sector in terms of economic dualism
 have a long history, as have effective challenges to those
 conceptualisations. These are discussed in this paper, which then examines
 shifts in attitudes towards the role of the urban informal sector in
 sub-Saharan Africa over recent decades, with reference to these
 theoretical conceptualisations and other approaches. The paper then
 discusses the dynamics of the sector and the changing role of the African
 state in promoting or discouraging it and identifies an increasingly
 negative trend in this respect. Finally, the paper offers a comparative
 perspective, from north of the Limpopo, on current debates and policy
 pronouncements about the 'second economy' in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 151-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090527 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090527 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:151-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Mcallister 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mcallister 
Title: Are concepts such as 'margins' and 'marginalisation' useful for analysing rural life in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa? 
Abstract:
  This paper draws on empirical material gathered in the Eastern Cape
 Province, South Africa, an area that includes what used to be known as the
 Transkei, to consider the nature and usefulness of the concept
 'marginalisation'. It shows that structural factors alone cannot account
 for the marginalisation of individuals or groups within a community, and
 that to understand why some may be marginalised, and others not, the
 nature of the community's social and moral relationships and how these are
 linked to economic production must be considered. The morality that
 governs economic relations is evident in beer-drinking rituals and
 inter-homestead cooperation (work parties). The findings are theorised in
 terms of Bourdieu's analysis of various forms of capital and the exchanges
 between them, and this is linked to notions of 'moral economy' and the
 moral import of ritual as argued by Rappaport. The paper concludes by
 discussing some implications for rural development policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 169-179 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090550 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090550 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:169-179




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara Tapela 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tapela 
Title: Livelihoods in the wake of agricultural commercialisation in South Africa's poverty nodes: insights from small-scale irrigation schemes in Limpopo Province 
Abstract:
  Small-scale irrigation farming is envisaged to play a progressively
 larger role in rural development and to help reduce some inequalities in
 South Africa's space economy. Since the late 1990s, the government has
 aimed to 'revitalise' government-owned small-scale irrigation schemes,
 many located in former homelands. Its macro-policy shifts seem to favour
 the creation of a black farming elite. Important questions are whether
 neoliberal policies will harm the poorest and most vulnerable in
 irrigation farming communities, and whether a new class of petty commodity
 producers can establish themselves in global commodity chains. This paper
 looks at vulnerability and marginalisation in selected small-scale
 irrigation schemes in Limpopo Province. The findings suggest that existing
 approaches to agricultural commercialisation may not reduce rural poverty
 and inequality. Although these approaches help to integrate resource-poor
 irrigation farmers into globalised commodity production sectors, they
 could undermine the livelihoods of the poorest and most vulnerable in
 these communities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 181-198 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090584 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090584 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:181-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eleanor Fisher 
Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fisher 
Title: Artisanal gold mining at the margins of mineral resource governance: a case from Tanzania 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the character of mineral resource governance at
 the margins of the state in Tanzania and the way artisanal gold miners are
 incorporated into mineral sector transformation. The landscape of mineral
 resource exploitation has changed dramatically over the past 20 years:
 processes of economic liberalisation have heralded massive foreign
 investment in large-scale gold mining, while also stimulating artisanal
 activities. Against this background, the article shows how artisanal gold
 miners are affected by contradictory processes: some have become
 integrated with state institutions and legal processes, while others, the
 large majority, are either further excluded or incorporated in ways that
 exacerbate insecurity and exploitation, underpinned by socio-economic
 inequalities. These processes are compounded by the actions of large-scale
 and medium-scale gold mining companies and by poor local governance. It is
 open to debate whether this will bring improved integration and welfare
 for artisanal mining communities or new forms of exclusion, although
 evidence suggests the latter. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 199-213 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090592 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090592 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:199-213




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Tambulasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tambulasi 
Author-Name: Happy Kayuni 
Author-X-Name-First: Happy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayuni 
Title: Can the state perpetuate the marginalisation of the poor? The socio-economic effects of the state's ban on minibus 'callboys' in Malawi 
Abstract:
  Malawi is a southern African country that has a huge informal sector due
 to high levels of unemployment. One of the ways people earned income in
 this sector was minibus-calling. This considerably reduced the
 vulnerability of many who would otherwise have been excluded economically.
 However, the state has recently declared such acts illegal and anyone
 found minibus-calling is now arrested. This paper critically investigates
 the socio-economic impacts of this ban on the former beneficiaries'
 livelihoods. A survey and interviews conducted in Zomba Municipality and
 Blantyre City (supplemented by various newspaper articles) show that the
 ban has adversely affected the socio-economic status of these marginalised
 Malawians. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 215-226 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090659 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090659 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:215-226




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Skinner 
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Skinner 
Title: The struggle for the streets: processes of exclusion and inclusion of street traders in Durban, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Millions of people worldwide make a living selling goods on the streets.
 This article traces the ebbs and flows of exclusion and inclusion of
 street traders from Durban's public spaces from the 1920s to the present.
 It shows that over time the city has, variously, expelled traders, allowed
 unmanaged trading and actively incorporated traders into urban plans. It
 suggests that there is an ongoing struggle for access to the streets, and
 draws attention to the role of the national and local state, as well as
 local political struggles. The history of street trading in Durban
 provides useful material for understanding marginality and informing
 policy. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 227-242 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802090709 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802090709 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:2:p:227-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luke Sinwell 
Author-X-Name-First: Luke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinwell 
Title: Using Giddens's theory of 'structuration' and Freirean philosophy to understand participation in the Alexandra Renewal Project 
Abstract:
  The main critique raised against participatory approaches to development
 is that they do not adequately address issues of politics and power. This
 paper contributes to the theory and practice of participation by
 introducing a framework drawn from Freirean philosophy and applying
 Giddens's theory of 'structuration' to that philosophy. Specifically, it
 focuses on the relocation of people from the banks of the Jukskei River as
 part of the Alexandra Renewal Project. It draws on the author's interviews
 with key local-level stakeholders, including government leaders, managers
 of the Alexandra Renewal Project, and those directly involved with
 facilitating the participation of intended beneficiaries in Alexandra. The
 study uses Giddens's theory to conclude that although participatory
 processes may be intended to (in Freire's words) domesticate, the
 domesticating or exclusionary nature of the intervention provides the
 basis upon which people liberate themselves. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 245-258 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802211776 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802211776 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:245-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lindile Ndabeni 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndabeni 
Title: The contribution of business incubators and technology stations to small enterprise development in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the contribution of small business incubators to the
 development and promotion of small medium and micro enterprises. The
 International Labour Organization argues that small business incubators
 are innovative instruments that are increasingly considered to be of prime
 importance in developing and promoting competitive small firms. The
 location of technology stations at universities of technology points to
 the importance of these universities in the development of
 technology-intensive small firms. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 259-268 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212022 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212022 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:259-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ndodana Nleya 
Author-X-Name-First: Ndodana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nleya 
Title: Development policy and water services in South Africa: an urban poverty perspective 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the impact of overall macroeconomic development
 policy on water service delivery policy and urban poverty in South Africa.
 It scrutinises ambiguous definitions of 'urban' in the literature, which
 tend to obscure the extent of urban poverty in this country. This is
 crucial given that a large proportion of the urban poor live in informal
 settlements, which are sometimes lumped with rural areas. Informal
 settlements are generally characterised by limited essential services such
 as housing, water supply, storm-water facilities and sanitation services.
 Water services, like other social services, retain the racial imprint of
 apartheid. Consequently, water policy in South Africa attempts to address
 water issues from an equity perspective. By analysing the effects of the
 tariff subpolicy within the water policy, the paper recommends that free
 basic water should be made available only to poor households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 269-281 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212048 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212048 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:269-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gideon Nieman 
Author-X-Name-First: Gideon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieman 
Author-Name: Thea Visser 
Author-X-Name-First: Thea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visser 
Author-Name: Rene Van Wyk 
Author-X-Name-First: Rene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wyk 
Title: Constraints facing tourism entrepreneurs in South Africa: a study in the Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The current study is an investigation into tourism entrepreneurship of
 small, medium and micro enterprises in Gauteng and Mpumalanga. Through
 Principal Factor Analysis, the paper identifies a three-factor instrument
 that could be used as a diagnostic tool to investigate how government
 policies and support, the tourism industry's products and services, and
 perceptions about South Africa could advance or constrain the development
 of small, medium and micro tourism in South Africa. Such a tool can be
 used to identify problematic areas in order to take remedial action to
 manage sustainable tourism in South Africa and prevent the leakage of
 profits. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 283-296 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212063 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212063 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:283-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shakespeare Mzikayise Binza 
Author-X-Name-First: Shakespeare Mzikayise 
Author-X-Name-Last: Binza 
Title: Public-private partnerships in metropolitan government: perspectives on governance, value for money and the roles of selected stakeholders 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the nature of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and
 their governance, with specific reference to the types of risks involved
 and how these are managed. The paper investigates whether there is any
 regime responsible for providing resources and enforcing contracts and
 service standards to make metropolitan governments efficient, effective
 and economical in designing, managing and exercising control over PPP
 ventures. In this context, the roles of selected stakeholders are
 discussed. The basic assumption of this paper is that metropolitan
 government could improve local economic growth through PPPs when the
 nature and governance of PPPs and the legalities underpinning them are
 thoroughly understood. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 297-315 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212089 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212089 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:297-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joyce Thamaga-Chitja 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thamaga-Chitja 
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: Emerging issues in smallholder organic production and marketing in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a synopsis of emerging issues in smallholder organic
 production and marketing in South Africa. The pros and cons of organic
 production for smallholder agriculture are demonstrated in a discussion of
 the reasons for adopting organic farming and the opportunities for and
 constraints on smallholder farmers in Africa. Also discussed are
 agro-ecological considerations; the process, requirements and costs for
 converting to certified organic production; and the information and
 decision-making required for smallholder organic production. Research and
 policy considerations are suggested. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 317-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212113 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212113 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:317-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: James Cannon 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cannon 
Author-Name: James Macgregor 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Macgregor 
Title: Livestock production economics on communal land in Botswana: effects of tenure, scale and subsidies 
Abstract:
  This study looked at the economic and financial characteristics of three
 range-based livestock systems on communal land in Botswana. Small-scale
 traditional livestock keeping is inherently efficient and provides
 important household income. However, these private returns are
 attributable to subsidies, and economic efficiency is very low due to open
 access. Low input, unfenced, cattle post production is economically
 efficient, but the returns to land are low. Fenced commercial ranching is
 not privately or economically viable in the more remote communal land. The
 loss of favoured European market access for beef could make all the
 systems studied economically unsound. The current subsidies to livestock
 production might be more economically efficient if they were redirected,
 from input costs reduction, to directly support initiatives that enhance
 the average herd productivity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 327-345 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212121 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212121 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:327-345




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ephraim Chirwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Ephraim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirwa 
Title: Effects of gender on the performance of micro and small enterprises in Malawi 
Abstract:
  Women are increasingly venturing into ownership of micro and small
 enterprises, either on their own or in partnership with male
 entrepreneurs. Using national survey data from Malawi, this study compares
 the performance of enterprises owned by females with those owned by males.
 The results show that the relationship between gender and business
 performance is complex. While there are no significant differences in
 profit margins, female-owned enterprises tend to grow more rapidly in
 terms of employment than male-owned ones. Gender-based regression results
 also show that while there are common factors that affect the performance
 of both kinds of enterprise, there are also differential effects in which
 education is a critical factor for the success of female-owned
 enterprises. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 347-362 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802212139 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802212139 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:3:p:347-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mogomme Alpheus Masoga 
Author-X-Name-First: Mogomme Alpheus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masoga 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 365-365 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802316104 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802316104 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:365-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Ligthelm 
Author-X-Name-First: Andre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ligthelm 
Title: A targeted approach to informal business development: the entrepreneurial route 
Abstract:
  The present paper maintains that initiatives to promote and support small
 businesses need to focus on those with growth potential rather than on the
 small business sector as a whole, and that the human factor, especially
 entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour, is the overwhelming force in
 small business success. Empirical evidence shows that many entrepreneurs
 setting up businesses in the informal economy of South Africa have little
 business acumen. The majority of informal businesses operate as
 survivalist entities with limited development and growth potential. The
 paper suggests that only between 10 and 15 per cent of informal
 entrepreneurs have sufficient business skills to expand and develop their
 businesses. These should be the focus of policy initiatives. Separate
 collective support measures should be designed to make the business
 environment more hospitable to low-potential informal businesses. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 367-382 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802316138 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802316138 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:367-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Malope 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Malope 
Author-Name: Nnyaladzi Batisani 
Author-X-Name-First: Nnyaladzi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Batisani 
Title: Land reforms that exclude the poor: the case of Botswana 
Abstract:
  Land reforms in Botswana, unlike those in other southern African
 countries, were not undertaken with the primary objective of
 redistributing land, but rather with the three objectives of increasing
 agricultural productivity, conserving range resources and improving social
 equity in rural Botswana. While there was modest success with the first
 two goals, the same cannot be said for the third. As it turned out, the
 two agricultural land reform policies (the Tribal Land Grazing Policy and
 the National Policy on Agricultural Development) harmed many poor
 households living in communal areas. Poor people were excluded by
 constraints such as high development costs, ownership of only small herds
 or no cattle at all, and lack of human capital. Complementary programmes
 in the form of innovative loan products and cash grants are needed to
 compensate them and so help them participate in the land reform process. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 383-397 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802316179 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802316179 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:383-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna-Andrea Rother 
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna-Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rother 
Author-Name: Ruth Hall 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall 
Author-Name: Leslie London 
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie 
Author-X-Name-Last: London 
Title: Pesticide use among emerging farmers in South Africa: contributing factors and stakeholder perspectives 
Abstract:
  The commercial agricultural sector in South Africa has historically been
 dominated by large-scale operations run by white owners and managers. In
 redressing this imbalance, black farmers classified as 'emerging' are
 being encouraged to engage in high-input agricultural production in order
 to obtain 'commercial' status. Since existing practices in commercial
 agriculture rely heavily on pesticides, emerging farmers aspiring to
 become commercial are pressured to adopt and/or increase the use of
 pesticides. However, problems of access to land, finances, resources,
 skills and markets overshadow the health and safety of these farmers and
 their labour force that may be affected by exposure to pesticides. This
 paper presents the results of a policy study based on primary interview
 data with key stakeholders and secondary documentary review data, to
 illustrate how pesticides are used in an occupational health and safety
 vacuum because the focus of key institutions is rather on economic
 productivity. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 399-424 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318464 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318464 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:399-424




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Mupimpila 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mupimpila 
Title: Aspects of road safety in Botswana 
Abstract:
  The present paper analyses aspects of road safety in Botswana. In this
 country, the number of deaths from road accidents is relatively high
 compared with other African countries. The main causes of accidents are
 speeding and drunken driving and the increasing traffic congestion during
 rush hours in the urban areas. The paper describes the current situation
 and the road safety policy, and discusses the need to improve road safety
 in the country. It recommends emphasising road injury prevention,
 encouraging the use of public transport because it is safer, setting
 quantitative targets for reducing road traffic fatalities, and
 establishing a Road Traffic Council. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 425-435 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318506 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318506 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:425-435




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Author-Name: Gerhard Botha 
Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha 
Title: Black economic empowerment ownership initiatives: a Johannesburg Stock Exchange perspective 
Abstract:
  The success of black economic empowerment (BEE) is still not clear. The
 objective of this paper is to assess the results of BEE equity transfers
 and contribute to the development of a framework to assess the
 cost/benefit of transferring equity in this fashion. BEE data from 62
 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange were analysed using a
 qualitative methodology and descriptive analysis. The results indicate
 that respondent companies have transferred less than 25 per cent equity to
 BEE partners, that a majority of firms appear to support the social
 objectives of BEE, that external partners appear to best promote
 shareholder wealth, and that the primary source of funding for BEE equity
 transactions is third-party funding or the respondent companies
 themselves. Finally, the Malaysian experience of affirmative action offers
 some useful lessons for South Africa's BEE programme, as well as some
 valuable insights into the economics of wealth redistribution. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 437-453 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318530 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318530 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:437-453




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Netsayi N Mudege 
Author-X-Name-First: Netsayi 
Author-X-Name-Last: N Mudege 
Title: Gender roles in agricultural knowledge in a land resettlement context: the case of Mupfurudzi, Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The present paper discusses the social construction and reconstruction of
 gender roles in relation to agricultural knowledge claims in a land
 resettlement area. Many women were politically active in the war of
 liberation where the land question dominated the agenda. However, at
 independence this question was framed in terms of race, and gender issues
 were sidelined. Despite the fact that women were not resettled in their
 own right, they are not simply victims of the system but manoeuvre within
 the system to gain advantages. This paper discusses strategies that women
 use to challenge the males in their families and the resultant conflicts
 and contradictions. It also discusses decision-making, investments and
 poverty as concepts and practices that can illuminate the gendering and
 gendered nature of knowledge in resettlement schemes. Claims of knowledge
 by both men and women are in the final analysis claims to the ownership of
 household and family resources. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 455-468 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318597 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318597 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:455-468




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daryl Collins 
Author-X-Name-First: Daryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Collins 
Title: Debt and household finance: evidence from the Financial Diaries 
Abstract:
  The Financial Diaries data-set is a unique, new set of year-long daily
 income, expense and financial transactions for households from three
 different areas of South Africa. These data show that over-indebted
 households (those that spend 20 per cent or more of their gross monthly
 income on debt) do not fit one homogeneous profile. Formal debt tends to
 be responsible for over-indebtedness in the urban areas, while in the
 rural areas the cause tends to be informal debt. In the urban areas high
 indebtedness is more prevalent among medium-income and high-income
 households, whereas in the rural areas it occurs at all income levels.
 High indebtedness in grant-dependent rural households tends to be
 persistent, whereas in wage-dependent urban households it is often
 short-lived. These findings present a new financial picture of poor rural
 populations that is unlikely to be touched by recent policy measures to
 address over-indebtedness. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 469-479 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318605 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318605 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:469-479




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Title: A note on infrastructure quality in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In South Africa the emphasis, both in research and in policy-making,
 seems to be more on the quantity of infrastructure than on improving its
 quality. This research note critically analyses the lack of quality
 indicators in quantitative infrastructure research, with the aim of
 redirecting attention to improving the quality of infrastructure in South
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 481-494 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802318639 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802318639 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:4:p:481-494




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilson Akpan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akpan 
Title: Corporate citizenship in the Nigerian petroleum industry: a beneficiary perspective 
Abstract:
  Based on ethnographic data from Nigeria's oil-rich and gas-rich Niger
 Delta region, and relevant secondary data, this article presents a case
 for a beneficiary-centred approach to analysing and reporting on corporate
 citizenship, and for a shift from the dominant top-down approach. It
 addresses one key question: What do the experiences of people who share
 their socio-ecological and cultural neighbourhoods with petroleum
 operators say about some specific practices of corporate citizenship? The
 article does not present an anti-theory of corporate citizenship or of the
 broader sustainable development debate. Rather, it relates a
 counter-narrative informed by the new scramble for natural resources in
 Africa and the experiences and stories of respondents in communities
 targeted by corporate citizenship initiatives. The paper offers a modest
 empirical basis for re-examining how corporate citizenship affects local
 communities and how it can be made a powerful mechanism for empowering
 them. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 497-511 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447602 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447602 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:497-511




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sylvia Ojukutu-Macauley 
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojukutu-Macauley 
Author-Name: Andrew Keili 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Keili 
Title: Citizens, subjects or a dual mandate? Artisanal miners, 'supporters' and the resource scramble in Sierra Leone 
Abstract:
  There have been developments in the twentieth-century and
 twenty-first-century history of Africa that scholars and observers have
 commonly referred to as a 'scramble', with no attempt to put them in their
 proper historical perspective. This paper interrogates the historical
 concept of a 'scramble' to explain the political economy of Sierra Leone's
 mineral resources. Although the modern-day 'scramble' phenomenon might
 look 'new' on the surface, closer examination reveals that it still
 carries certain genes that were inherited from the nineteenth-century
 parent organism, making it not so much a 'new' scramble as a mutated
 version of the old. The paper assesses the relationship between artisanal
 miners, 'supporters' and exporters, on the one hand, and the government
 and other key stakeholders, on the other, in the scramble for diamonds in
 Sierra Leone. It also examines the economic and environmental
 consequences, including government and stakeholders' response. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 513-530 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447610 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447610 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:513-530




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Achieng Ojwang 
Author-X-Name-First: Achieng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojwang 
Title: Power as capital: insights from South Africa's commercial forestry sector 
Abstract:
  This article discusses the link between power, empowerment and capital(s)
 in South Africa's forestry sector. Contestations within the sector spring
 from a policy struggle to ensure multiple interests and diverse objectives
 are represented in commercial forestry. This is a change from the previous
 domination of commercial forestry by the state and the private sector.
 Current policy directives require the inclusion of local communities close
 to the resources and of black individuals with entrepreneurial interests
 in forestry. The article deviates from analyses that make redistribution
 of economic capital the main solution to empowerment issues at the centre
 of these policy efforts. Backed by qualitative research into two forestry
 companies in two provinces - Singisi Forest Products in the Eastern Cape
 and Siyaqhubeka Forestry in KwaZulu-Natal - the article argues that to
 create and sustain 'new power', especially for local groups of
 communities, requires not only economic but also social and
 human/intellectual capital. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-542 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447644 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447644 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:531-542




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Lungu 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lungu 
Title: Socio-economic change and natural resource exploitation: a case study of the Zambian copper mining industry 
Abstract:
  The privatisation of Zambia's copper mines has paved the way for
 increased levels of foreign direct investment in the economy. The
 incentives provided to the mining companies have been very attractive to
 investors. However, the weakness of the Zambian state is clearly
 demonstrated in the development agreements it signed with the mining
 companies at the expense of the welfare of the Copperbelt communities. The
 major outcome of privatisation has been a considerable loss in welfare as
 the new mining companies have been following to the letter the terms of
 the development agreements. Despite the upturn of copper prices on the
 international market, the mining companies have continued to provide
 reduced services to the communities, compelling civil society to pressure
 the government to renegotiate the agreements. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 543-560 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447719 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447719 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:543-560




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Engobo Emeseh 
Author-X-Name-First: Engobo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Emeseh 
Title: Globalisation and resource development in Africa: assessing the facilitator-protector roles of international law and international institutions 
Abstract:
  A significant feature of globalisation in Africa is the scramble for
 resources, especially petroleum and solid minerals, through foreign direct
 investment by multinational companies. This paper explores the role of
 international law, which protects the investor from regulatory and
 political risks but offers no such protection to host communities
 suffering from the social and environmental impacts. The paper argues that
 there is no valid reason for the difference in treatment, but rather there
 are compelling grounds for equal protection of communities from the
 impacts of the operations of multinational corporations, especially as the
 very investment protection laws place constraints on the sovereign
 regulatory powers of the state. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 561-576 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447735 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447735 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:561-576




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikolo Christian 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikolo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christian 
Author-Name: Paxie Chirwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Paxie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirwa 
Author-Name: Cori Ham 
Author-X-Name-First: Cori 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ham 
Title: The influence of tourism on the woodcarving trade around Cape Town and implications for forest resources in southern Africa 
Abstract:
  Woodcarving is an important informal sector industry that is heavily
 dependent on tourism and yet sustains the livelihoods of many migrant
 communities in South Africa. In the Cape Town area, the trade appears to
 be dominated by sellers from neighbouring countries, including Zimbabwe,
 Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The most traded wood species
 are Dalbergia melanoxylon (African ebony), Brachylaena huillensis (silver
 oak or muhuhu) and Afzelia quanzensis (pod mahogany). This study found
 that the average gross income from the trade was R6450 and R2692 per month
 in the tourism peak and off seasons, respectively. However, while the
 woodcarving industry provides an important source of informal employment,
 it has contributed to the scarcity of highly prized hardwood species,
 especially in impoverished, underdeveloped areas. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 577-588 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447800 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447800 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:577-588




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdallah Mkumbukwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Abdallah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkumbukwa 
Title: The evolution of wildlife conservation policies in Tanzania during the colonial and post-independence periods 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the way wildlife policies evolved in Tanzania during
 the periods of colonial rule and after independence. Using the
 historical-qualitative data analysis technique, the study examines how the
 formulations and practices of policies during these periods instigated the
 scramble for resources in Africa, and in particular in Tanzania.
 Historically, pre-colonial societies in Tanzania lived and intermingled
 freely with wildlife, and conserved their resources according to their
 cultures. With colonialism in place, the wildlife conservation practices
 tended to alienate the local community from their natural resources. After
 independence, the government inherited most of the colonial policies,
 including those for wildlife conservation, and the practices of those
 policies made the use of these resources still more socially exclusive.
 This resulted in a struggle for access to and utilisation of the
 resources, a phenomenon that shows there is a continual scramble for
 resources in Tanzania, and in Africa in general. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 589-600 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 25 
Year: 2008 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802447875 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802447875 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:25:y:2008:i:5:p:589-600




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mogomme Masoga 
Author-X-Name-First: Mogomme 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masoga 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902732184 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902732184 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thorvald Gran 
Author-X-Name-First: Thorvald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gran 
Title: Land politics in the new state organisation in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In a study of land politics carried out from 2001 to 2005 in the two
 western provinces of South Africa, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape,
 a high degree of distrust was recorded between institutions in the
 provincial government. This article attempts to explain the distrust and
 how it affected the role of the land state in land reform in the two
 provinces. The analysis is developed from an institutional political
 science perspective. The findings are that the distrust does not threaten
 the democratic character of the new state but that it seriously hampers
 the efficiency of the government in land redistribution and the supply of
 infrastructure relevant to productive activities on newly settled land.
 The article describes how government focus on commercial farming affects
 the land state's relations to multiple livelihood communities on communal
 land and suggests that a post-liberation policy regression in the African
 National Congress explains part of the urban-commercial bias in land
 reform. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640008 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640008 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:3-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucia Knight 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knight 
Author-Name: Pranitha Maharaj 
Author-X-Name-First: Pranitha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maharaj 
Title: Use of public and private health services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Divisions between the public and private health sectors in South Africa
 have resulted in inequalities in access to each of these sectors. Using
 the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Survey, the aim of the paper is to
 explore the patterns and determinants of health-seeking behaviour among
 black Africans. The results show that the majority of respondents
 consulted public health services. Despite this, it was possible to
 determine that income-based poverty and access to medical aid were the
 most significant predictors of healthcare choice. Poverty was related to
 other predicting factors such as employment, level of education and
 household size. Surprisingly, a sizable proportion of the poor without
 access to health insurance were using private health services. Although
 the reasons for this could not be determined, this presents opportunities
 for further research. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 17-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640040 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640040 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:17-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Hope 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hope 
Author-Name: Peter Frost 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frost 
Author-Name: Alan Gardiner 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardiner 
Author-Name: Jaboury Ghazoul 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaboury 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghazoul 
Title: Experimental analysis of adoption of domestic mopane worm farming technology in Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  Seasonal outbreaks of mopane worms, caterpillars of the moth Imbrasia
 belina, provide an important source of income and food for rural people in
 the semi-arid woodlands of southern Africa. Outbreaks are erratic and
 periodically fail to produce caterpillars of harvestable size, which has
 generated interest in a new technology for domestic farming of mopane
 worms at the household level. Using a choice experiment, the authors
 explore the preferences of harvesters across alternative farm management
 scenarios in four villages located in the mopane woodlands of rural
 Zimbabwe. The results highlight preference heterogeneity across investment
 cost, labour effort, harvest price and harvest yield attributes depending
 on age, location and latent class decomposition. They conclude that design
 specifications need to respond to socio-ecological variability and
 significant household investment constraints in order for the technology
 to be adopted by rural households living under extreme economic hardship. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 29-46 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640065 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640065 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:29-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Litha Magingxa 
Author-X-Name-First: Litha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magingxa 
Author-Name: Zerihun Alemu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zerihun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu 
Author-Name: Herman van Schalkwyk 
Author-X-Name-First: Herman 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Schalkwyk 
Title: Factors influencing access to produce markets for smallholder irrigators in South Africa 
Abstract:
  The objective of this paper was to determine the factors influencing
 access to produce markets for South African smallholder irrigators. Market
 access was measured according to whether all of the produce that was meant
 to be sold the previous season was sold or not. Data were collected from
 six smallholder irrigation schemes in three provinces: the Eastern Cape,
 Limpopo and Mpumalanga. A principal component analysis was performed to
 deal with the problem of multicollinearity, yielding six principal
 components from 14 original explanatory variables: physical access to the
 market, farmer skills, nature of access to the market, inventory of
 support services, ability to respond to opportunities, and off-farm
 income. A logit regression analysis was then performed, with the principal
 components as explanatory variables. The results show that physical access
 to the market, farmer skills and nature of access to the market are highly
 significant factors in influencing market access for these smallholders. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 47-58 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640081 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640081 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:47-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Huchzermeyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Huchzermeyer 
Title: The struggle for in situ upgrading of informal settlements: a reflection on cases in Gauteng 
Abstract:
  The Department of Housing released a new Informal Settlement Upgrading
 Programme in 2004 that makes in situ upgrading of informal settlements
 possible with minimal disruption to residents' lives. To date, the new
 programme is not necessarily the municipalities' choice when intervening
 in an informal settlement. This paper reflects on the treatment of
 informal settlements in current urban discourse and practice in South
 Africa. It presents the case of three informal settlement communities in
 Gauteng Province that have struggled for recognition of basic principles
 of the informal settlement upgrading programme. Their requests have been
 met with great reluctance by local government. Through these cases, the
 paper points to some of the critical re-skilling and capacity-building
 areas that are needed before local government can roll out the informal
 settlement upgrading programme at scale. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 59-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640099 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640099 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:59-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lauren Scanlon 
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Scanlon 
Author-Name: Christian Kull 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kull 
Title: Untangling the links between wildlife benefits and community-based conservation at Torra Conservancy, Namibia 
Abstract:
  Community wildlife management programmes in southern Africa typically
 offer residents benefits such as meat, money and jobs in the hopes of
 improving both conservation outcomes and local welfare. This article
 examines this assumption on the basis of a case study in northwest
 Namibia. The study suggests the importance of direct benefits in shaping
 support for and commitment to conservation. However, the study's
 analytical framework also opens up the 'black box' linking benefits to
 conservation and demonstrates that the link of benefits to attitudes and
 behaviours cannot be understood without taking into consideration three
 underlying factors: the appropriateness and equitability of benefits, the
 level of local control, and the broader context of peoples' values, their
 sense of identity and their development aspirations. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 75-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640107 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640107 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:75-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ogunmefun 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogunmefun 
Author-Name: Enid Schatz 
Author-X-Name-First: Enid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schatz 
Title: Caregivers' sacrifices: the opportunity costs of adult morbidity and mortality for female pensioners in rural South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the financial and opportunity costs of adult
 morbidity and mortality for rural South African female pensioners in the
 era of HIV/AIDS. As mortality rates from HIV/AIDS and other causes
 escalate, older women are bearing the brunt of caregiving responsibilities
 for the sick and orphaned. They often use their state-funded
 non-contributory pensions to support kin during crises. Interviews
 conducted with 30 women aged 60-75 years in the Medical Research
 Council/University of the Witwatersrand Unit (Agincourt) study site in
 northeastern South Africa revealed that, to cover expenses incurred during
 crises, older women sometimes forgo spending money and time on their
 personal needs. They are thus negatively affected as individuals, while
 contributing positively to the household. Despite the additional household
 income from pensions, many of the study respondents still found it
 difficult to recover from the financial impact of these crises. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 95-109 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640123 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640123 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:95-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stewart Ngandu 
Author-X-Name-First: Stewart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngandu 
Title: The impact of exchange rate movements on employment: the economy-wide effect of a rand appreciation 
Abstract:
  There has been some debate on the impact of exchange rate volatility and
 levels in South Africa. This is a particular concern as South Africa needs
 to dramatically expand sustainable employment and at the same time raise
 value-added in its production of goods and services. These are not
 necessarily complementary objectives for a mineral-exporting economy.
 Using a computable general equilibrium model, with the appreciation
 induced by a commodity price boom, this paper analyses the possible impact
 of an appreciation of the rand on employment. The intention is to identify
 the impact on both aggregate employment and sectoral output. Although the
 economy does well as a result of the commodity boom, the results indicate
 the potential for 'Dutch Disease'-type effects. Almost all traded sectors
 are negatively affected, while the non-traded sectors experience a boost
 as a result of the appreciation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 111-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640180 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640180 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:111-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oludele Akinboade 
Author-X-Name-First: Oludele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinboade 
Author-Name: Pinky Lalthapersad-Pillay 
Author-X-Name-First: Pinky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lalthapersad-Pillay 
Title: The NEPAD initiative and the prospects of business opportunities in the rest of Africa for South African firms based in Gauteng 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses business opportunities that may be forthcoming from
 the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) for South African
 firms based in Gauteng - the economic hub of the country, and indeed of
 sub-Saharan Africa. Gauteng has significant manufacturing and
 tertiary-sector capacity that can be used to realise the objectives of
 NEPAD. Gauteng-based firms can make valid inputs in the fields of
 construction, finance, telecommunications, mining, retailing and the
 hospitality industry. Indeed, African involvement of Gauteng-based firms
 has increased significantly since 1998 and has led to the establishment of
 many lucrative trade and investment opportunities. Market expansion into
 East Africa and West Africa has helped to significantly boost the level of
 exports in the country. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 131-155 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640198 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640198 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:131-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margie Booyens 
Author-X-Name-First: Margie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booyens 
Author-Name: Elsa Crause 
Author-X-Name-First: Elsa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crause 
Title: Lessons from Andiamo, Malawi, on grassroots development and globalisation from below 
Abstract:
  There is growing awareness that globalisation and an increase in life
 opportunities are not directly and exponentially related for the majority
 of youth. This article highlights lessons on the bridging of this 'great
 divide' gleaned from Andiamo, a 'campus' in Malawi, southern Africa. It
 describes a case study of this cooperative, detailing its conception, its
 early and current position and its sustainability. Andiamo is presented as
 a significant example of human-scale development and globalisation from
 below. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 157-170 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350802640206 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350802640206 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:1:p:157-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 171-172 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899439 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899439 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:171-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Tambulasi 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tambulasi 
Title: All that glisters is not gold: new public management and corruption in Malawi's local governance 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the impact of the new public management (NPM) on
 corruption at the Malawian local government level. The study was based on
 interviews conducted in six local government assemblies in Malawi.
 Qualitative data were collected mainly through in-depth personal
 interviews with Assembly managers and councillors. The study also relied
 on insights gained from a review of various government literatures. It
 found that NPM reforms in Malawi have led to increased levels of
 corruption. It is feared that this situation could have massive negative
 impacts on economic development. To address these problems, the paper
 recommends the implementation of the public governance model, since this
 has built-in mechanisms that could considerably mitigate the corruption
 that has resulted from the introduction of NPM. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 173-188 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: New public management, corruption, public governance, local government, Malawi, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899447 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899447 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:173-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alison Misselhorn 
Author-X-Name-First: Alison 
Author-X-Name-Last: Misselhorn 
Title: Is a focus on social capital useful in considering food security interventions? Insights from KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  Social capital is an important collective resource people draw on in
 pursuit of well-being. This article explores the nexus between household
 social capital and food security in a small community in KwaZulu-Natal.
 The case study suggests some social capital-related failures are linked to
 food insecurity in the community, including a breakdown in two-parent
 families, divergences between religious groups, ambiguous leadership
 characterised by conflict, and changes in cultural norms. The highly
 variable and household-specific nature of social capital's role in food
 security makes it difficult to extrapolate lessons for targeting social
 capital in food security interventions beyond the case-study community.
 However, the findings point to the value of including proxies for social
 capital in vulnerability indices and food-insecurity mapping systems, and
 more broadly to the importance of understanding context-specific
 interactions between resources or 'capitals', institutional issues, and
 the human relationships and power dynamics that shape food insecurity and
 the outcomes of interventions to address it. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 189-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Food security, social capital, vulnerability, KwaZulu-Natal, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899454 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899454 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:189-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faustin Tirwirukwa Kalabamu 
Author-X-Name-First: Faustin Tirwirukwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalabamu 
Title: Towards egalitarian inheritance rights in Botswana: the case of Tlokweng 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the extent to which recent social, economic,
 demographic and environmental changes in Botswana have enabled women to
 inherit land, housing and other household assets. Using qualitative data
 from a study undertaken in the peri-urban village of Tlokweng, the paper
 notes that, unlike in the past when women were largely excluded from
 property inheritance, the majority of parents who participated in the
 study on which this paper is based are now more inclined and willing to
 share their estate equally among all their children or to favour daughters
 over sons in deciding who should inherit residential properties. The
 changes, which are heavily contested by older women, young men and teenage
 boys, appear to have been due primarily to increased numbers of female
 heads of households and the role played by unmarried daughters in
 developing the family estate and caring for the aging parents. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 209-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Property inheritance, customary laws, gender, generation, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899470 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899470 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:209-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Watson Ladzani 
Author-X-Name-First: Watson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ladzani 
Author-Name: Godfrey Netswera 
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Netswera 
Title: Support for rural small businesses in Limpopo Province, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The present study aimed to raise awareness of the need for and
 availability of support for rural small, medium and micro enterprises
 (SMMEs) in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A survey of 600 SMMEs from all
 six Limpopo municipal districts was conducted to determine the profile of
 these businesses, to assess what support systems they needed and which
 ones they used, and to make recommendations for stakeholder support. A
 response rate of 89 per cent was obtained. Of the sampled SMMEs, 84 per
 cent were owner-managed, 70 per cent had one to three staff members, and
 71 per cent had been in existence for at least 6 years. Nearly 80 per cent
 of the respondents perceived finance to be inaccessible. The study
 suggests there is a need for regular surveys and audits of the SMME
 industry, in order to ensure better support. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 225-239 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Rural small businesses, business support, entrepreneurial support, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899512 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899512 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:225-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josue Mbonigaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Josue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbonigaba 
Author-Name: Merle Holden 
Author-X-Name-First: Merle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Holden 
Title: Nominal and real effective exchange rates for Southern African Development Community countries over the period 1980-2004: implications for the expansion of the Common Monetary Area 
Abstract:
  This paper computes both the nominal effective exchange rate (NER) and
 the real effective exchange rate (RER) for Southern African Development
 Community (SADC) countries for the period 1980-2004 with a view to
 identifying those countries that could join the Common Monetary Area (CMA)
 in the future. The NER and RER variations are used to analyse the
 suitability of non-CMA SADC countries for membership in the CMA. Variation
 in the NER suggests an expansion of the CMA to include Botswana and
 Malawi, while variation in the RER suggests an expansion of the CMA to
 Mauritius, Botswana and Seychelles. As suggested in the theory developed
 by Melitz, while the RER variation criterion should be more expansionist
 than variation in the NER, the RER-based expansion - as this study shows -
 does not necessarily include all countries suggested by the NER-based
 expansion. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-254 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Nominal effective exchange rate, real effective exchange rate, covariance, common monetary area, Southern African Development Community, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899546 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899546 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:241-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francis Nathan Okurut 
Author-X-Name-First: Francis Nathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okurut 
Author-Name: Thuto Botlhole 
Author-X-Name-First: Thuto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botlhole 
Title: Informal financial markets in Botswana: a case study of Gaborone City 
Abstract:
  The present study investigated informal financial markets in Gaborone,
 Botswana, with specific focus on the terms and conditions for informal
 credit, its main uses and the target clientele. The study used primary
 data, and analytical techniques that included descriptive statistics and
 analysis of variance. The results show that informal lenders give
 short-term consumption loans consisting of small amounts, charge very high
 interest rates, use innovative collateral substitutes such as automatic
 teller machine (ATM) cards plus personal identification numbers (PINs) and
 valuable household assets as security, and target mainly the non-poor. The
 paper makes three policy recommendations: an appropriate regulatory
 framework for the informal financial sector should be developed, interest
 rates and other charges should be systematically disclosed so as to
 encourage competition and reduce the high interest rates, and there should
 be legislation against the use of ATMs and PINs as security. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 255-270 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Informal financial markets, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899561 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899561 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:255-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Doreen Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: Economic decline and gentrification in a small town: the business sector in Aberdeen, Eastern Cape 
Abstract:
  Small towns are a neglected topic of study but they are gaining
 importance in South Africa because of rapid urbanisation. This paper
 discusses a case study of business development and gentrification in
 Aberdeen, a small town in the Eastern Cape's Karoo. Although there has
 been a long-term decline in Aberdeen's economy, major changes are now
 taking place that call for more focused development policies. The findings
 of a 2006 business survey in Aberdeen are presented here and integrated
 with findings from the international literature on small town development.
 The paper shows that endogenous development of a small town's economy by
 its business sector can lead to some local economic growth; however, it
 needs to be assisted by judicious government investment. Aberdeen's
 economy will need a stronger level of municipal guidance to exploit its
 strengths and overcome its limitations. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 271-288 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Small towns, local economic development, business development, Karoo, Aberdeen, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899595 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899595 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:271-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Udjo 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Udjo 
Title: Trends in the age pattern of fertility, 1995-2005, in the context of the child support grant in South Africa 
Abstract:
  There has been concern in recent years about the impact of the child
 support grant on fertility in South Africa and probable changes in
 age-specific fertility rates. Specifically, it has been mooted that the
 grant may be increasing age-specific fertility rates among younger women.
 Using the Gompertz relational model and survey and census data, this study
 examines trends in the age pattern of fertility in South Africa during the
 period 1995-2005. The results indicate that there have been shifts in the
 age pattern of fertility. However, the factors responsible for the shifts
 are debatable. Policy-makers should therefore be cautious about drawing
 conclusions regarding the relationship between the child support grant and
 fertility in South Africa, as policies based on poorly informed
 conclusions could have major financial implications. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-299 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Age-specific fertility, child support grant, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899603 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899603 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:289-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Charlton 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charlton 
Title: Housing for the nation, the city and the household: competing rationalities as a constraint to reform? 
Abstract:
  The South African housing programme is acclaimed internationally and has
 achieved important successes since its inception in 1994. However, there
 are also concerns about its negative impacts. The ambiguity of this
 achievement is underlined when the programme is viewed from different
 perspectives. To consider the complex picture of positive and negative
 outcomes, this paper takes the viewpoints of the nation, the city and the
 household and reveals a range of problems that suggest the need to reform
 the housing programme. It then uses these three viewpoints to reveal the
 constraints that hold back reform. The paper argues that it is necessary
 to understand the 'competing rationalities' reflected in the three
 viewpoints. Although this is not the only factor holding back fundamental
 transformation, recognising it does help to explain the persistence of
 significant problems in the housing programme. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 301-315 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: South Africa, housing programme, constraints to reform, reconstruction and development programme projects, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899637 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899637 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:301-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ndinda 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndinda 
Title: 'But now I dream about my house': women's empowerment and housing delivery in urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Since 1994 the post-apartheid government has been investing in low-cost
 housing delivery. Besides providing funding, the state's housing delivery
 process has aimed to empower communities, particularly women. Using data
 collected in communities in urban KwaZulu-Natal through focus group
 discussions and household interviews, this paper examines the extent to
 which women have been empowered by their participation in housing
 delivery. The findings show empowerment has been achieved at different
 levels in the housing delivery process. The paper argues that to
 understand the extent to which it has been achieved it is important to
 examine all of the different aspects of the housing sector and the
 intensity of women's involvement. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 317-333 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Women, urban, post-apartheid housing, empowerment, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350902899660 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350902899660 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:317-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 335-336 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086622 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086622 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:335-336




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Mega-events and small enterprise development: the 2010 FIFA World Cup opportunities and challenges 
Abstract:
  A mega-event can be a catalyst for long-term outcomes for its host
 locality or country. Such events are thus of growing importance in the
 global economy. However, scholarship on mega-events has paid little
 attention to their implications for small enterprise development. This
 article addresses the way scholarship dealing with sport mega-events has
 neglected the small tourism firms. It examines the planning for the 2010
 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. A key objective of the 2010 tourism
 planning is to spread the opportunities offered by this event widely, so
 as to include small tourism enterprises rather than just the large ones
 that control and dominate South Africa's tourism economy. The article
 presents evidence from a range of sources to highlight several challenges
 national government must deal with to achieve this goal. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 337-352 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Mega-events, small enterprise development, tourism small firms, 2010 FIFA World Cup, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086630 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086630 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:337-352




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Orefi Abu 
Author-X-Name-First: Orefi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abu 
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Profit efficiency of small- and medium-scale maize milling enterprises in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Despite the reported large margins between producer prices for maize and
 retail prices for maize meal and the fact that maize meal is a staple food
 for most of the South African population, there have been only limited
 investments in small- and medium-scale maize milling in South Africa since
 the deregulation of the maize markets. The apparent failure of small- and
 medium-scale maize millers to emerge and compete effectively in the maize
 milling industry in South Africa raises questions about their scale and
 level of efficiency. Against this background, this paper analyses the
 profit efficiency of these enterprises, using a translog stochastic profit
 frontier model. Findings from the profit efficiency analysis show an
 average profit efficiency score of 80.6 per cent for the small-scale mills
 and 87.4 per cent for the medium-scale mills. There is therefore a
 significant unexplored potential in these categories of mills. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 353-368 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Small- and medium-scale maize millers, profit efficiency analyses, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086663 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086663 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:353-368




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beth Goldblatt 
Author-X-Name-First: Beth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldblatt 
Title: Gender, rights and the disability grant in South Africa 
Abstract:
  South Africa's disability grant is critical for the survival of many
 disabled people and their families, and is especially important to
 disabled women, who face further disadvantage because of their family
 responsibilities, their generally deeper poverty and their greater
 vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and other illnesses. Valuable engagement between
 feminism and disability theory offers a useful framework for understanding
 the needs of disabled women in South Africa's social assistance system.
 This paper sets out the findings of a study of the disability grant system
 in two provinces in South Africa. It discusses the administrative problems
 with the system and the financial and other costs that burden the grant
 applicants and beneficiaries. It proposes that a comprehensive response to
 poverty, disability and gender inequality is needed, and makes specific
 recommendations for an improved system. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 369-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Gender, disability, human rights, social assistance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086689 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086689 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edith Kiggundu 
Author-X-Name-First: Edith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiggundu 
Author-Name: Wilna Oldewage-Theron 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldewage-Theron 
Title: Coping: a challenge for guardians of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in a South African township 
Abstract:
  The main objective of this study, part of an investigation into the
 health of guardians of HIV/AIDS orphans, was to explore the guardians'
 coping mechanisms. Previous research has shown that there is a
 relationship between the use of social support networks and the guardians'
 ability to cope with the challenges of caring for HIV/AIDS orphans. Data
 were collected by means of a socio-demographic questionnaire and
 individual semi-structured interviews with guardians who attend a support
 group organised by a non-governmental organisation in Alexandra, the
 oldest township in Gauteng and a very poor area of South Africa. The
 article concludes that harnessing social support networks is an effective
 strategy that could help guardians cope with the challenges of caring for
 HIV/AIDS orphans. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 383-397 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Coping mechanisms, guardians, HIV/AIDS orphans, social support networks, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086754 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086754 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:383-397




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaco Vermaak 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermaak 
Title: Reassessing the concept of 'social capital': considering resources for satisfying the needs of rural communities 
Abstract:
  This article reassesses the concept of 'social capital'. Against the
 background of existing theoretical views, as well as several points of
 critique, it reconceptualises the concept in terms of its ability to
 satisfy needs at various levels of society. It puts forward two arguments:
 first, that looking at a community's resources from the theoretical
 perspective of social capital gives a better understanding of existing
 socio-economic processes; and, second, that such a perspective can help
 the researcher identify a number of further resources available to
 communities. The article develops a critique of existing social capital
 theory. It looks at how appropriate the concept is to the situation of
 rural communities in the developing world, and suggests that a
 resource-oriented social capital is a promising and appropriate concept
 for inclusion in development efforts. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 399-412 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Social capital, needs, resources, rural communities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086770 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086770 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:399-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Freek Cronje 
Author-X-Name-First: Freek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cronje 
Author-Name: Charity Chenga 
Author-X-Name-First: Charity 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chenga 
Title: Sustainable social development in the South African mining sector 
Abstract:
  For decades South Africa's mining sector has been profiteering while
 neglecting mining communities' development needs. Most of these
 communities now have social problems. Recently, forces outside the sector
 - globalisation, the government, the communities themselves - have
 pressured the mining organisations to become corporate citizens; that is,
 to take on social responsibilities and work towards sustainable
 development in their areas. However, this study revealed a gap between
 policy and practice: social responsibility and real sustainable
 development do not reach the communities. This article suggests some
 critical underlying factors that must be dealt with to close this gap:
 acculturation stress, power relationships, communication and priorities,
 and identifying who takes responsibility for various facets of
 development. The article is based on a study of how stakeholders view
 community development needs. It makes two main recommendations: a process
 approach to corporate social responsibility and development rather than
 'quick fixes', and proper community engagement initiatives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 413-427 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Community engagement, corporate social responsibility, social development, sustainable development, mining communities, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086788 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086788 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:413-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marian Lydall 
Author-X-Name-First: Marian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lydall 
Title: Assessing the impact of Transnet's and Eskom's infrastructure investment programmes on the capital goods sector 
Abstract:
  Transnet and Eskom have embarked on a R160.8 billion capital expenditure
 (capex) programme to improve South Africa's logistics and energy
 infrastructure over the next 5 years. Although considerable backward
 linkages will be created in the process of procuring goods and services
 needed in the construction and operation of the planned projects, a
 significant portion of investment will be lost because of having to import
 foreign skills and components that are unavailable locally. It has thus
 become a government priority to increase local content in the procurement
 process. Drawing on a series of interviews with leading suppliers involved
 in the capex programme, this article assesses the impact of such
 expenditure on the domestic capital goods sector and the constraints that
 militate against increased local participation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 429-446 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Capital goods, state-owned enterprises, Transnet, Eskom, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086812 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086812 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:429-446




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Westaway 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Westaway 
Title: Aspects of environmental quality of life that affect neighbourhood satisfaction in disadvantaged and advantaged Johannesburg communities 
Abstract:
  To ascertain which aspects of environmental quality of life affect
 neighbourhood satisfaction, a study was conducted with 303 tenure
 allocated residents of an informal settlement in Soweto, 160 residents of
 a squatter camp in the same informal settlement, and 375 black and 358
 white residents of a middle-class Johannesburg suburb. Respondents rated
 their satisfaction with housing, public schools, public clinics, public
 transport, roads, personal safety, street lighting, household refuse
 removal, jobs, local government and the neighbourhood. Black suburbanites
 tended to be more satisfied than the other three groups with most of these
 aspects. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that housing and
 personal safety accounted for 45 per cent (informal settlement), 21 per
 cent (squatter camp), 33 per cent (black suburbanites), and 28 per cent
 (white suburbanites) of the variance in neighbourhood satisfaction. The
 findings substantiated the importance of housing and personal safety in
 both disadvantaged and advantaged communities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 447-458 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Environmental quality of life, neighbourhood satisfaction, disadvantaged and advantaged communities, Johannesburg, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086820 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086820 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Waldo Krugell 
Author-X-Name-First: Waldo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krugell 
Author-Name: Marianne Matthee 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthee 
Title: Measuring the export capability of South African regions 
Abstract:
  Recent research has identified what determines local exports and what
 policies might make them grow. Regions with higher Gross Domestic Product
 per capita, faster population growth, higher levels of skills, greater
 export diversification and shorter distances to ports have experienced
 faster export growth. However, the results of regression models apply to a
 theoretical representative region and do not allow one to establish where
 policy interventions will be most effective. This article constructs an
 index to identify the regions in South Africa that can export manufactured
 goods. It draws on the literature of the determinants of exports for
 indicators of the capability (or potential) to export across 354
 magisterial districts in 1996 and 2001. The results show a positive
 relationship between export capability and export performance. The article
 identifies a number of front-runner magisterial districts along with those
 of high capability but low performance that stand to benefit most from
 industrial policy interventions. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 459-476 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Export capability, export performance, subnational regions, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086838 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086838 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:459-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Nketiah-Amponsah 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nketiah-Amponsah 
Title: Public spending and economic growth: evidence from Ghana (1970-2004) 
Abstract:
  Governments undertake expenditures to pursue a variety of objectives, one
 of which is economic growth. This paper examines aggregated and
 disaggregated expenditure on economic growth in Ghana over the period
 1970-2004. Expenditure on education and health represents human capital
 development, while expenditure on roads and waterways captures
 infrastructure development. The study reveals that the aggregated
 government expenditure retarded economic growth. The study's findings show
 that expenditures on health and infrastructure promote economic growth,
 while those on education had no significant impact in the short run. In
 addition, the political economy variables-namely the nature of governance
 (democracy) and political instability (years of changes in government and
 military dictatorship)-proved significant in explaining Ghana's economic
 growth over the study period. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-497 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Economic growth, public spending, human capital development, political instability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086846 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086846 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stine Jessen Haakonsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Stine Jessen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haakonsson 
Title: 'Learning by importing' in global value chains: upgrading and South-South strategies in the Ugandan pharmaceutical industry 
Abstract:
  Drawing on global value chain analysis, this article discusses the
 possibilities for upgrading in a domestically oriented import-dependent
 industry. The pharmaceutical industry in Uganda consists of a large number
 of importers, nine of which have upgraded into assembly and four a step
 further into manufacturing. The industry upgrades by a process of
 'learning by importing'. Although not engaged with global buyers,
 pharmaceutical producers in Uganda are tied into the global pharmaceutical
 value chain by international linkages with their suppliers, mainly in
 India, from whom they access technology and intermediates for production.
 Hence, this industry is based on South-South networks for production of
 low-value pharmaceutical products. With the globalisation of the
 pharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of global lead firms are
 ceasing to manufacture these products. This study illustrates an
 alternative form of industrialisation and upgrading that has not been
 adequately considered in the development of the African pharmaceutical
 industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 499-516 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, global value chains, upgrading, Uganda, South-South, TRIPs Agreement, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086861 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086861 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: Sociological perspectives on organic agriculture: from pioneer to policy 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 517-518 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903086879 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903086879 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:3:p:517-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mafaniso Hara 
Author-X-Name-First: Mafaniso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hara 
Author-Name: Frank Matose 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matose 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 519-519 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181316 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181316 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:519-519




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mafaniso Hara 
Author-X-Name-First: Mafaniso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hara 
Author-Name: Stephen Turner 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner 
Author-Name: Tobias Haller 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haller 
Author-Name: Frank Matose 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matose 
Title: Governance of the commons in southern Africa: knowledge, political economy and power 
Abstract:
  Millions of southern African livelihoods continue to depend on the
 successful management and sustainable use of the commons - land and
 natural resources that are supposedly or actually managed, with varying
 degrees of success, as common property. This, above all, is the challenge
 to governance. The poor must tackle it - and governments and development
 agencies must support their endeavours - in the triple context of
 knowledge, political economy and power. This paper highlights the major
 factors and trends in these three areas that we must understand if we are
 to optimise support for the governance of the commons in southern Africa.
 If more commons around the region are studied from the same analytical
 perspectives, it will be easier to share experience and lessons in ways
 that can usefully inform development and conservation policy and
 programmes. This is what the Cross-Sectoral Commons Governance in Southern
 Africa project, reported in this special issue, has tried to do. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 521-537 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Southern Africa, commons, governance, knowledge, political economy, power, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181324 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181324 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:521-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Mathias Mvula 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter Mathias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mvula 
Author-Name: Tobias Haller 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haller 
Title: Common pool resource management in Lake Chilwa, Malawi: a wetland under pressure 
Abstract:
  This paper uses primary and secondary data sources to discuss changes in
 the management of the Lake Chilwa floodplain, Malawi, a wetland that is an
 important source of livelihood for over a million people who subsist on
 agriculture, fishing and birds. These common pool resources are under
 pressure, largely due to the economic value of the wetland and weaknesses
 in management. Colonial development split up this complex ecosystem into
 departmental districts and sections, making it hard to manage. Although
 the area is a Ramsar site, changes in economic interests combined with
 larger-scale economic developments have negatively affected the status of
 these resources, putting pressure on them and causing conflicts. The paper
 addresses the questions of entitlement to the use of interrelated common
 pool resources and power relations among local leaders, local people and
 immigrants to the area. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 539-553 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Common pool resources, governance of resources, floodplain, wetland, wildlife, fishery, Lake Chilwa, Malawi, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181332 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181332 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:539-553




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Haller 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haller 
Author-Name: Harry Chabwela 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chabwela 
Title: Managing common pool resources in the Kafue Flats, Zambia: from common property to open access and privatisation 
Abstract:
  Governing common pool resources in floodplains is a challenge due to high
 variability between seasons. Nevertheless, the case of the Kafue Flats in
 southern Zambia illustrates how local groups (Ila, Balundwe and Batwa)
 have developed common property institutions governing access to fisheries,
 wildlife and pasture. After the colonial and post-colonial periods these
 institutions were altered or eradicated by state control. State
 institutions have failed for the following reasons: complex economic and
 political processes and lack of knowledge have made state management
 ineffective; local rules have been eroded or severely altered by more
 powerful actors; immigrant groups (seasonal fishermen, commercial hunters,
 absentee herd owners) have increased their bargaining power as citizens;
 and neither local nor state institutions are enforced due to limited state
 capacity. This has led to open access situations and partial
 privatisation, both of which are major causes of unsustainable use of the
 commons. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 555-567 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Floodplain, fisheries, wildlife, pasture, common property institutions, state management, institutional change, power relations, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181340 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181340 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:555-567




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel DeMotts 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: DeMotts 
Author-Name: Tobias Haller 
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haller 
Author-Name: Parakh Hoon 
Author-X-Name-First: Parakh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoon 
Author-Name: Roland Saum 
Author-X-Name-First: Roland 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saum 
Title: Dynamics of common pool resource management in the Okavango Delta, Botswana 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the historical dynamics of common pool resource use
 and management in the floodplain of the Okavango Delta by comparing Ikoga
 and Seronga, two multi-ethnic villages located along the Delta panhandle.
 During colonial and post-colonial times, many local institutions for
 managing and using common pool resources were dismantled. Despite this
 trend, open access has not led to overuse of common pool resources. The
 paper argues that despite the marginality of the area there is relatively
 little interest in the commercial use of common pool resources since the
 diamond industry and tourism provide a relatively high income. While Ikoga
 residents fail to capture gains from tourism, in Seronga some gains do
 come from community-based natural resource management. However, these
 gains, or the failure to receive them, can lead to conflicts that take an
 ethnic shape when local elites benefit differently and inequalities are
 perpetuated. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 569-583 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Community-based natural resource management, common pool resources, ethnicity, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181357 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181357 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:569-583




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lindah Mhlanga 
Author-X-Name-First: Lindah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mhlanga 
Title: Fragmentation of resource governance along the shoreline of Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  The mid-Zambezi valley where Lake Kariba now lies was transformed at the
 end of the 1950s from a previously complex integrated knowledge and
 resource management system that supported the livelihoods of the Tonga
 people to the existing dysfunctional assemblage of fragmented systems.
 This fragmentation of resource governance, through a tenure shift in which
 large areas were designated as protected land, transferred power from
 local people to the state. Today the valley supports diverse economic
 interests, to the detriment of the local inhabitants, who have been
 marginalised. At stake are issues of sustainability and livelihoods. This
 paper discusses the status of woodland and wildlife and the failure of the
 Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources to improve
 the situation for the local people. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 585-596 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources, common pool resources, wildlife, woodland, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181365 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181365 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:585-596




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lefatshe Magole 
Author-X-Name-First: Lefatshe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magole 
Title: Common pool resource management among San communities in Ngamiland, Botswana 
Abstract:
  The contestation for common pool resources in Botswana pits powerful
 institutions such as national governments and international organisations
 against powerless local communities who continue to rely heavily on these
 resources despite all attempts to dislodge them. This paper explores how
 common pool resource management has shifted from locally based and
 people-centred endogenous resource management to state-defined and
 controlled forms. This shift has marginalised San communities, who have
 historically relied on their commons for survival. The paper is informed
 by case studies of two San villages in Ngamiland District in northwestern
 Botswana, Mababe and Phuduhudu, both situated adjacent to national parks.
 The government and donor agencies introduced community-based natural
 resource management with the promise of reversing the loss of the commons
 for such groups as the San; however, the evidence on the ground suggests
 the promise has not been translated into practice. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 597-610 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Common pool resources, community-based natural resource management, marginalisation, San, Ngamiland, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181381 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181381 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:597-610




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lapologang Magole 
Author-X-Name-First: Lapologang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magole 
Title: The 'shrinking commons' in the Lake Ngami grasslands, Botswana: the impact of national rangeland policy 
Abstract:
  This paper analyses land management policy using land use mapping,
 interviews with farmers and other stakeholders, and a review of secondary
 material. The study was carried out in the Lake Ngami area of Ngamiland
 District in Botswana. It found that the net effect of policy and
 development initiatives implemented to curb perceived overstocking,
 overgrazing, open access tenure and low-output subsistence production was
 to narrow down the livelihood options for the rural poor and cause further
 damage to the rangeland. Policy-makers ignored the multi-purpose land use
 systems and goals of traditional pastoral systems, and emphasised
 commercialisation of livestock farming and privatisation of communal land.
 This unfortunately weakened or destroyed the local, traditional land
 management institutions and set in motion the shrinking of the commons.
 These policies are a colonial legacy that has survived the transitions
 from colonial rule to independence. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 611-626 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Common pool resources, rangeland policy, livelihoods, pastoralism, Lake Ngami, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181399 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181399 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:611-626




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank Matose 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matose 
Title: Knowledge, power, livelihoods and commons practices in Dwesa-Cwebe, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper explores two aspects of the management of the commons in the
 Transkei area of Dwesa-Cwebe and traces them from the 1870s to today. The
 first is the intersection of power, politics and knowledge. National
 interests are privileged over local interests in the management of forests
 and grasslands that were controlled by local people before the onset of
 colonialism. This leads to the marginalisation of certain groups. The
 second is the economics of common resources. The paper contrasts
 communities' multiple livelihood strategies with the state's single
 strategy system. It looks at how state policies have changed people's
 status and their dependence on resources, and reflects on Dwesa-Cwebe's
 prospects of managing its commons now that local institutions have been
 undermined and livelihood patterns changed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 627-637 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Knowledge, power, livelihoods, local people, grasslands, forests, commons, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181407 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181407 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:627-637




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kefasi Nyikahadzoi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kefasi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyikahadzoi 
Author-Name: Jesper Raakj&#xe6;r 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raakj&#xe6;r 
Title: Policy evolution and dynamics of governance at the Lake Kariba kapenta fishery 
Abstract:
  At independence, Zimbabwe's major challenge in managing its natural
 resources was to create an equitable, sustainable and democratic society.
 In the case of the Lake Kariba kapenta fishery, the government's main
 concern was to eliminate the inequalities of the colonial era, without
 compromising the integrity of the resource. Macroeconomic development
 policies, which were formulated during several socio-political periods,
 determined the redistribution strategy at any given point in time. Within
 each development period, a configuration of narratives, and the
 requirements of conflicting and contradictory state, market and community
 discourses, directed the process of redistribution. This paper uses an
 actor-oriented approach to discuss how redistribution affected the
 governance of fishery, and the political-ecological conflicts the
 redistribution generated, and a storyline methodology to show how
 redistribution of rights from white to black entrepreneurs polarised the
 fishing industry. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 639-648 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Policy evolution, macroeconomic development policies, governance of resources, fishery, kapenta, Kariba, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181415 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181415 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:639-648




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mafaniso Hara 
Author-X-Name-First: Mafaniso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hara 
Author-Name: Jesper Raakj&#xe6;r 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raakj&#xe6;r 
Title: Policy evolution in South African fisheries: the governance of the sector for small pelagics 
Abstract:
  This article analyses the evolution of policy in South Africa's fishing
 industry using the fishery for small pelagics as a case study. Policy
 changes were largely instigated to reverse the inequitable distribution of
 economic resources and productive assets that had historically favoured
 the white minority at the dawn of democracy in 1994. The analysis combines
 'actor-oriented' and 'institutional' perspectives, and proposes that the
 evolution of policy is driven by interests, networks, alliances and
 discourses, which are largely determined by the power and resources that
 can be mustered by specific actors. A major lesson from the study is that
 it is particularly difficult for new entrants to influence policy for
 transforming capital intensive fisheries, where the need for capital,
 market forces and conservation ideology collude to raise the entry bar. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 649-662 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Governance, policy evolution, small pelagics fishery, networks, alliances, discourses, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181423 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181423 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:649-662




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Friday Njaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Friday 
Author-X-Name-Last: Njaya 
Title: Governance of Lake Chilwa common pool resources: evolution and conflicts 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews the evolution of the governance of Lake Chilwa
 fisheries since the colonial era. The socio-political and economic
 transformation of Malawi has shifted the roles of the traditional
 authorities who had jurisdiction over these resources based on their
 tribal settlement patterns and identity. The user community, including
 district assemblies, are experiencing difficulty implementing the
 management reforms in the decentralised fisheries. The traditional leaders
 are taking advantage of the recently adopted governance reforms by using
 the co-management arrangement with the Department of Fisheries to extract
 money from the seine fishermen in the form of tributes. This 'elite
 capture' of the resources is causing conflicts between the traditional
 leaders and user committees over authority to manage resource use. With
 limited support from the district assemblies and traditional leaders, the
 devolved fisheries functions will be difficult to implement. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 663-676 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Governance, common pool resources, traditional leaders, fisheries, lake recession, Lake Chilwa, Malawi, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181431 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903181431 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:4:p:663-676




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janine Thorne 
Author-X-Name-First: Janine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thorne 
Author-Name: Charlotte du Toit 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: du Toit 
Title: A macro-framework for successful development banks 
Abstract:
  The large-scale failures of development banks in the 1970s and 1980s
 meant that they all but disappeared from the development agenda. However,
 there are still a large number of development banks worldwide that operate
 with various degrees of success. Some governments are also looking to
 re-establish such banks to address the shortage of finance for higher-risk
 market segments. To avoid a repeat of the earlier failures, government
 policy needs to be informed by an objective framework for the success of
 these banks. This article, based on economic theory and informed by case
 studies, outlines such a framework. It addresses the following six
 dimensions of these banks: enabling environment, mandate, regulation and
 supervision, governance and management, financial sustainability and
 performance assessment. Development banking remains a risky initiative
 but, managed appropriately, and using this framework, it can help achieve
 development objectives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 677-694 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Development finance, development bank, governance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303183 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303183 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:677-694




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Ilorah 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ilorah 
Title: Ethnic bias, favouritism and development in Africa 
Abstract:
  The leadership in many African countries, with their ethnic diversities,
 is characterised by ethnic bias and favouritism, and citizens are thus
 treated unequally in many respects, particularly when it comes to national
 resource allocation and political representation. This breeds resentment
 and creates conditions for an ultimate rejection of the state by the
 frustrated and politically conscious masses. It is also tantamount to
 corruption, weakening the ability of the state to function efficiently,
 and is therefore anti-developmental. This paper argues that the
 socio-economic crises in many African countries are aggravated by
 practices of ethnic bias and favouritism that have consistently violated
 the principle of the impersonality of economic agents, caused resentment
 among the marginalised ethnic groups, fuelled conflicts and retarded
 development on the continent. It is recommended that a strong and credible
 judicial body, with powers to investigate crimes against citizens and
 prosecute and punish offenders, be established by the African Union. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 695-707 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Ethnicity, ethnic bias, favouritism, human rights, corruption, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303209 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303209 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:695-707




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Simister 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simister 
Title: The importance of being earners: why women in South Africa need well-paid jobs 
Abstract:
  The 'children fare better' viewpoint claims that children tend to be
 better fed if their mother (as opposed to father) has sufficient income of
 her own for food. This paper assesses this claim for South Africa, using
 data from household surveys. It considers the possibility that this issue
 is related to domestic violence between husband and wife, and finds an
 apparent link between wife's earnings, child nutrition and domestic
 violence. Children's well-being seems more assured if mothers have an
 adequate income; but there is more risk of inadequate nutrition in
 households where there is domestic violence against wives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 709-719 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Nutrition, gender-based violence, wife's earnings, child welfare, 'children fare better', South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303217 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303217 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:709-719




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela Mathee 
Author-X-Name-First: Angela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathee 
Author-Name: Trudy Harpham 
Author-X-Name-First: Trudy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harpham 
Author-Name: Brendon Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Brendon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: Andre Swart 
Author-X-Name-First: Andre 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart 
Author-Name: Shan Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Shan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Author-Name: Thea de Wet 
Author-X-Name-First: Thea 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet 
Author-Name: Piet Becker 
Author-X-Name-First: Piet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Becker 
Title: Inequity in poverty: the emerging public health challenge in Johannesburg 
Abstract:
  In 2005, in recognition of the role of social factors in increasing
 health inequities, the World Health Organisation established the
 Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. South Africa is among the
 most unequal societies in the world. It faces serious public health
 challenges, including an elevated burden of chronic disease, and high
 levels of violence. This paper presents data from a cross-sectional study
 of socio-economic and health status conducted in five Johannesburg housing
 settlements in 2006. The findings paint a picture of health inequities
 across and within the study sites, and socio-environmental conditions that
 undermine the prospects of protecting and promoting health. The authors
 suggest the need for a new approach to public health in areas of urban
 impoverishment in Johannesburg and elsewhere. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 721-732 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Urban, health, poverty, inequity, public health, Johannesburg, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303266 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303266 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:721-732




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Sushenjit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandyopadhyay 
Author-Name: Michael Humavindu 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humavindu 
Author-Name: Priya Shyamsundar 
Author-X-Name-First: Priya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shyamsundar 
Author-Name: Limin Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Limin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Title: Benefits to local communities from community conservancies in Namibia: an assessment 
Abstract:
  This article evaluates the benefits of community-based activities in
 wildlife conservancies in Namibia by asking three questions: Do community
 conservancies contribute to an increase in household welfare? Are such
 programmes pro-poor; that is, do they improve welfare more for poorer
 households than for the less poor? Does participation in conservancy
 increase household welfare more for participants than non-participants?
 This study bases the analyses on a 2002 survey covering seven
 conservancies and 1192 households. The results suggest that community
 conservancies have a positive impact on household welfare. The authors
 also conclude that this impact is poverty-neutral in some regions and
 pro-poor in others. Further, welfare benefits from conservancies appear to
 be fairly evenly distributed between participant and non-participant
 households. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 733-754 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Community-based natural resource management, wildlife, conservancies, welfare, Namibia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303324 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303324 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:733-754




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gastao Lukanu 
Author-X-Name-First: Gastao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lukanu 
Author-Name: J Maryann Green 
Author-X-Name-First: J Maryann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Green 
Author-Name: Steve Worth 
Author-X-Name-First: Steve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Worth 
Title: Aspects of profitability that influence smallholder cash-crop preferences in northern Mozambique 
Abstract:
  This study analyses profitability in terms of relationships between
 various aspects, indicators and cash-crop cultivation preferences. Both
 financial and pragmatic aspects of profitability were found to be related
 to cash-crop preferences. Apart from the need to promote a crop with a
 good farm gate price and to reduce production and marketing costs,
 promoters need to strengthen the wider system by supporting profitability
 as well as household consumption requirements. The correlation between
 indicators of expected profitability improved as more financial and
 pragmatic aspects were incorporated. Smallholder farmers' rankings of
 profitability correlated better with cash-crop preferences when the
 analysis incorporated more aspects of profitability. In addition, the
 results indicated the institutional support needed to improve the
 profitability of cash crops. This simple method of identifying smallholder
 preferences for one cash crop among many is of paramount importance in the
 design of strategies for improving agricultural market participation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 755-777 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 26 
Year: 2009 
Keywords: Profitability, cash-crop preferences, smallholder cash-crop cultivation, northern Mozambique, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903303332 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903303332 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:26:y:2009:i:5:p:755-777




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Cross 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross 
Author-Name: John Seager 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seager 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519275 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519275 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-3 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519283 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519283 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:3-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Cross 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross 
Author-Name: John Seager 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seager 
Author-Name: Johan Erasmus 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Erasmus 
Author-Name: Cathy Ward 
Author-X-Name-First: Cathy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ward 
Author-Name: Michael O'Donovan 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Donovan 
Title: Skeletons at the feast: A review of street homelessness in South Africa and other world regions 
Abstract:
  Homelessness on the streets has been of concern to governments and civil
 society for hundreds of years, and the number of homeless tends to rise
 when economic conditions take an adverse turn. Laying stress on questions
 of access to housing, livelihoods and services, this paper compares the
 historical causes of homelessness in Britain and Europe, India, the US and
 South Africa, in order to approach a better understanding of South
 Africa's own homelessness situation. Internationally, the key debate is
 whether homelessness is due to simple lack of affordable housing, or to a
 range of complex factors involving poverty and unemployment. The paper
 argues that spatial access to street livelihoods and access to the metro
 core zones are critical factors linking housing access to poverty
 economics, and it questions whether in South Africa's situation street
 homelessness can be eliminated in the foreseeable future. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 5-20 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: homelessness, street people, shack settlements, government policy, poverty, housing delivery, Britain, Europe, India, United States, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519291 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519291 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:5-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pieter Kok 
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kok 
Author-Name: Catherine Cross 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross 
Author-Name: Ni&#xeb;l Roux 
Author-X-Name-First: Ni&#xeb;l 
Author-X-Name-Last: Roux 
Title: Towards a demographic profile of the street homeless in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper provides a demographic analysis of the Human Sciences Research
 Council homelessness survey, and starts to develop a profile of the adult
 and child street homeless populations in the northern part of South
 Africa. Attempting to sketch the population dynamics of homelessness, the
 paper reviews research methodology, looks at the age, gender and
 employment status of the respondents, and identifies the foreign-born and
 citizen population elements. The data suggest that cross-border migrants
 represent a significant share of the street homeless, and particularly of
 street children. In addition, it appears that the child and adult
 populations are largely separate, with older street children leaving the
 streets to be replaced by in-migrating rural-born homeless adults. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 21-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: street homeless, homelessness, demography, unemployment, immigrants, migrants, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519309 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519309 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:21-37




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monde Makiwane 
Author-X-Name-First: Monde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makiwane 
Author-Name: Tsiliso Tamasane 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsiliso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamasane 
Author-Name: Marguerite Schneider 
Author-X-Name-First: Marguerite 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider 
Title: Homeless individuals, families and communities: The societal origins of homelessness 
Abstract:
  This article uses case histories to document the experiences of 30
 homeless people from a range of backgrounds in Pretoria and Rustenburg,
 South Africa. Factors that contributed to their becoming homeless were
 poverty, unemployment, a lack of affordable accommodation, divorce,
 disability, illness and an underprivileged childhood. More than one-half
 of the interviewees reported growing up in dysfunctional families. There
 was evidence of solidarity among homeless people, especially those living
 in shelters, and there were informal networks for identifying job
 opportunities. Many of the interviewees hoped to improve their
 circumstances by finding affordable accommodation or some form of
 employment or receiving a state grant. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 39-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: family, community, homelessness, social networks, origins of homelessness, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519325 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519325 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:39-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sean Morrow 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrow 
Title: The homeless in historical context 
Abstract:
  This article puts homelessness in South Africa in a historical context.
 It relates contemporary homelessness to changing political, economic,
 agrarian, domestic and gender matters, and suggests that homelessness is
 more a manifestation of problems in these areas than an issue in its own
 right. The article is based on interviews in rural, small town and urban
 environments in the provinces of Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng. These
 reveal the isolation and lack of social networks amongst the homeless
 people interviewed, and the extensive presence of homelessness not just in
 cities but also in small rural centres. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 51-62 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: homelessness, history, oral testimony, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519341 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519341 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:51-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Seager 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seager 
Author-Name: Tsiliso Tamasane 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsiliso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamasane 
Title: Health and well-being of the homeless in South African cities and towns 
Abstract:
  Little is known about the health and well-being of people who live on the
 streets although their lifestyle involves health risks. This study used
 qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the health status and
 health service needs of homeless people in several South African cities
 and towns. It was found in some cases that their own or family members'
 ill-health had contributed to their homelessness. Illnesses associated
 with poor living conditions or lifestyles were more common in the homeless
 than in the general population in certain age and sex categories. Access
 to healthcare was generally good in urban centres and most respondents
 were satisfied, although some reported discriminatory treatment. The risk
 profile of the homeless shows that systematic health promotion is required
 and that some health service providers need to be made more aware of the
 health needs of the homeless. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 63-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: health, well-being, homelessness, HIV/AIDS, alcohol and substance abuse, mental illness, violence, disability, access to health services, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519358 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519358 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:63-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ward 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ward 
Author-Name: John Seager 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seager 
Title: South African street children: A survey and recommendations for services 
Abstract:
  This paper describes a sub-study of children within the Human Sciences
 Research Council study of street people in South Africa. It used both
 quantitative and qualitative methods (a survey and census, and focus group
 discussions and in-depth interviews) to gather information from street
 children, their service providers, and five women who had grown up on the
 street but subsequently made a success of their lives. The paper reviews
 the origins of homelessness among children, the dynamics of life on the
 streets, and care requirements. It recommends a continuum of care for
 those already on the streets, but points also to the need for preventive
 services. It suggests that truancy from school could provide early warning
 of children at risk, and recommends a range of family support services
 that may be needed to prevent children from taking to the streets. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 85-100 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: street children, homeless shelters, childcare services, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519374 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519374 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:85-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Sanchez 
Author-X-Name-First: Diana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez 
Title: Civil society responses to homelessness 
Abstract:
  This article explores how faith-based organisations in South Africa
 respond to homelessness, using research performed in 2005 with 12
 religious organisations that provide services to homeless people in
 Johannesburg and Pretoria. It describes the organisations' histories,
 funding schemes and relationships with other organisations, and considers
 the complexities of defining homelessness. The background to the study was
 broader and more in-depth work by other researchers in the Johannesburg
 area. The study provided some insights into civil society responses to
 homelessness, and revealed that the kind of services the Christian-based
 organisations provide depends on how they understand homelessness. The
 article concludes that their services are important because of their broad
 scope, their capacity to respond to specific local needs, and their role
 in channelling individuals' interest in social issues. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 101-110 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: faith-based organisations, Christian-based organisations, homelessness, civil society, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519382 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519382 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:101-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacques du Toit 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques 
Author-X-Name-Last: du Toit 
Title: Local metropolitan government responses to homelessness in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article examines metropolitan government responses to homelessness
 in South Africa, including the context of responses, preparedness to
 respond, factors influencing responses, shelter locations, and homeless
 persons' views. Whereas the literature emphasises the need for spatial or
 physical interventions, this research, using multiple case studies, found
 that three out of four metropolitan municipalities viewed homelessness
 primarily as a social dependency issue and responded with social
 interventions. Yet homeless persons indicated that the most important
 thing the municipality could do for them was to provide employment and
 well-located affordable housing. The study concludes that municipalities
 might respond more effectively with spatial or physical interventions such
 as equitable urban planning and design and sensitive land use management,
 and by providing affordable housing close to places of employment. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 111-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local government, metropolitan municipality, homelessness, affordable housing, low-cost housing, urban planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519390 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519390 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:111-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vinothan Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Vinothan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Title: Government responses to street homelessness in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews government responses intended to assist the street
 homeless in South Africa. The paper demonstrates that in South Africa the
 legislation and policy responses to the problem of street homelessness
 have been to a great extent shaped by the broader circumstances of a
 larger population living in informal housing, with whom the street
 homeless share intimate ties through social instability and economic
 poverty. This context has resulted in an intersectoral legislative and
 policy framework shaped mainly by two sectors - Social Welfare and Housing
 - that has prioritised various preventive measures to reduce the
 structural, social and economic risks and vulnerability of becoming
 homeless on the street. Given its nature, this framework has been and
 continues to be highly dependent on effective collaboration and
 coordination between government departments. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 129-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: homelessness, street homelessness, welfare housing, public sector housing, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519408 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519408 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:129-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Cross 
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross 
Author-Name: John Seager 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seager 
Title: Towards identifying the causes of South Africa's street homelessness: Some policy recommendations 
Abstract:
  The Human Sciences Research Council's four-year study of street
 homelessness in South Africa highlights the way unemployment stresses poor
 households and sets in motion processes of exclusion, and suggests that
 the social wage safety net is not protecting the street homeless. Although
 subsidised housing and social grants seem to head off homelessness in many
 cases, they mainly target the poor in shacks, an economic migrant
 population who seem more able to access on their own the benefits due to
 them, without needing institutional help. This paper recommends both
 prevention and remediation. It highlights the roles of housing delivery
 and the social wage, which should include measures that will work for both
 shack residents and the street homeless and will assist failed
 work-seekers who are at risk of homelessness. Allowing access to street
 livelihoods may be the only practical alternative to expanding social
 grant support to include the structurally unemployed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 143-158 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: homelessness, street people, housing delivery, social grants, poverty alleviation policy, informal livelihoods, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768350903519416 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768350903519416 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:143-158




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jon Barnes 
Author-X-Name-First: Jon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes 
Author-Name: James MacGregor 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacGregor 
Author-Name: Olimpio Nhuleipo 
Author-X-Name-First: Olimpio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nhuleipo 
Author-Name: Petrus Muteyauli 
Author-X-Name-First: Petrus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muteyauli 
Title: The value of Namibia's forest resources: Preliminary economic asset and flow accounts 
Abstract:
  A national forest inventory completed in 2004 enabled the development of
 preliminary forest resource accounts for Namibia. The total woody
 resources volume was estimated at 257&#xa0;million&#xa0;m3. Forest
 products used for fuel, poles, timber and non-timber were included in the
 accounts, but charcoal production on private land was excluded. Forest use
 directly contributed some 3 per cent of the gross national product,
 N$1&#xa0;billion (US$160&#xa0;million), and the total direct and indirect
 economic impact of forest use in the broader economy was some N$1.8
 billion (US$288&#xa0;million). The standing forest assets had an estimated
 capital value of N$19 billion (US$304&#xa0;million), comparable with the
 values for fish, minerals and wildlife. On a national level, stocks are
 underused. However, some localised over-harvesting occurs, which might be
 ameliorated through community forest management and trade in products, but
 capture of resource rent by government should be restricted to commercial
 forest use. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 159-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: forests, use value, asset value, resource accounts, Namibia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740373 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740373 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:159-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Estian Calitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Estian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Calitz 
Author-Name: Johan Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Title: Infrastructure in South Africa: Who is to finance and who is to pay? 
Abstract:
  Against the backdrop of shifting views on the role of government in the
 provision of infrastructure, this paper distinguishes between the payment
 for and financing of the South African Government's infrastructure
 investment programme. The paper argues for a clear distinction between
 loan financing by the government for macroeconomic considerations and the
 benchmark approach to the financing of infrastructural projects. It
 presents a classification system that enables a systematic mapping of all
 prospective projects, with reference to considerations of efficiency and
 equity, and uses this system to question the government's financing
 strategy and identify alternatives. The Gautrain Rapid Rail project is
 used as a case study to demonstrate these alternatives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 177-191 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: infrastructure financing, government loans, benefit taxation, guarantees, private-public partnerships, Gautrain, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740449 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740449 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:177-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monde Makiwane 
Author-X-Name-First: Monde 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makiwane 
Title: The Child Support Grant and teenage childbearing in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper examines data on teenage fertility and patterns of uptake of
 the Child Support Grant in South Africa from 1998 to 2005, to assess how
 far this Grant is associated with the trend in teenage childbearing.
 Teenage fertility was fairly high during the 1980s when state financial
 assistance to teenage mothers did not adequately serve the majority of
 South Africans. Since the first half of the 1990s, however, teenage
 fertility has steadily declined. This trend was already underway when the
 grant was expanded in 1998 to reach beneficiaries in all sub-groups of the
 national population. If teenage girls were having children primarily to
 benefit from the Child Support Grant, then more would be making claims
 than is in fact the case. The findings of this study do not suggest any
 significant positive association between the grant and the trend in
 teenage childbearing in South Africa during the past decade. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 193-204 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: teenage childbearing, social assistance, morality, welfare, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740498 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740498 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:193-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Hearn 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hearn 
Author-Name: Jenifer Piesse 
Author-X-Name-First: Jenifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piesse 
Title: The limited role of small stock exchanges in economic development: A case study of Mozambique and Swaziland 
Abstract:
  The establishment of a successful stock market in a developing economy
 can provide a major source of development finance, both channelling
 domestic savings and attracting foreign investment. But small markets
 generally fail. Two micro-markets, Mozambique and Swaziland, provide an
 interesting case study to examine the features of new markets in
 sub-Saharan Africa that differ in a number of ways, including colonial
 legacy, membership of the Common Monetary Area and the dynamics of the
 political economy that defines the links between the citizens, the local
 elite and the state. In both countries, the operational aspects of the
 stock exchange are clearly inadequate as a means of promoting
 international investment. Thus, gains from regional integration
 initiatives or foreign investment are unlikely, as the market's small size
 and incomplete institutions currently offer limited potential for either
 domestic or international risk diversification. However, the political
 economy in both countries is the real barrier to growth. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 205-224 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: political economy, frontier stock markets, Mozambique, Swaziland, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740522 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740522 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:205-224




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josephine Gatsinzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Josephine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gatsinzi 
Author-Name: Ronnie Donaldson 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronnie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donaldson 
Title: Investment challenges in the hotel industry in Kigali, Rwanda: Hotel managers' perspectives 
Abstract:
  Developing countries today compete to attract foreign direct investment
 to their local hotel industry. Many have therefore already changed their
 policies on foreign investment in order to compete effectively. Recovering
 from the 1990s genocide, the Rwandan Government has created an environment
 conducive to investment, to attract both local and foreign investment
 finance. This paper discusses the tourism investment policy context in
 Rwanda. It describes a survey of Kigali hotel managers' perceptions and
 opinions on challenges for investment in the country's hotel industry. The
 survey found that the perceived weaknesses of investing in the hotel
 sector are closely related to problems faced by the Rwandan tourism sector
 in general, such as the perception that Rwanda is not a safe tourism
 destination, the lack of skilled labour in tourism services, the lack of
 finances in the form of loans to potential investors and the lack of
 adequate tourism infrastructure. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 225-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: foreign direct investment, hotel investment, Kigali, Rwanda, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740548 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740548 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:225-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario du Preez 
Author-X-Name-First: Mario 
Author-X-Name-Last: du Preez 
Author-Name: Deborah Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Deborah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: The contribution of trout fly fishing to the economy of Rhodes, North Eastern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Recent government legislation, which calls for the eradication of trout
 from ecosystems where they may cause harm, could damage the tourism appeal
 of many South African catchments. However, no South African studies have
 tried to quantify the economic impact of removing trout from rivers and
 streams. This study aimed first to value the Rhodes trout fishery, North
 Eastern Cape, South Africa, and second to assess whether the trout fly
 fishing industry in Rhodes could form the foundation for the
 implementation of a local economic development initiative. Overall, the
 study found that the trout fishing industry directly generates
 approximately R5&#xa0;658&#xa0;240 per annum, and sustains a minimum of 39
 direct job opportunities for the community of Rhodes, and can therefore
 provide the impetus for the creation of a tourism-based local economic
 development programme. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-253 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: direct expenditure, local economic development, trout, tourism, fly fishing, job opportunities, Rhodes village, North Eastern Cape, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740654 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740654 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:241-253




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melville Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Melville 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Author-Name: Riaan Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw 
Title: The Cape Town International Jazz Festival: More than just jazz 
Abstract:
  Economic impact studies have been used to value goods with the
 characteristics of both public and private goods, such as arts festivals,
 and have been useful in providing a quantifiable monetary estimate of
 their worth and, more accurately, of the impact of such events on a
 specific region. This paper provides just such a valuation, using economic
 impact analysis conducted on surveys of visitor and organiser spending at
 the 2009 Cape Town International Jazz Festival. On the basis of the survey
 data and event budget, a social accounting matrix (SAM) for the Western
 Cape Province was used to estimate the economic value of the festival to
 the province's economy (using the classic SAM's multiplier approach). The
 results of the analysis show that the festival generates approximately
 R158 million via visitor and organiser spending, and that 1059 jobs depend
 on it. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 255-272 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: events, economic impact, computable general equilibrium models, music festival, jazz festival, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740696 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740696 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:255-272




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irma Booyens 
Author-X-Name-First: Irma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booyens 
Title: Rethinking township tourism: Towards responsible tourism development in South African townships 
Abstract:
  Township tourism in South Africa has grown in popularity since 1994 and
 is considered by some to be an appropriate mechanism for stimulating local
 economic development. This paper suggests, however, that it is not
 necessarily a viable or responsible development option, since it does not
 automatically ensure pro-poor benefits or enhance community development.
 Primary research conducted in Soweto to understand visitor demand and
 tourism stakeholder perspectives suggests there is a demand for
 responsible tourism in townships. The paper contributes to South African
 debates about the developmental role of tourism, township tourism and
 local economic development, responsible tourism, and the related policy
 implications. It calls for responsible township tourism development in
 which local authorities play a vital role and recommends the development
 of township tourism attractions, with a focus on culture and heritage, to
 create unique visitor experiences. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 273-287 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: responsible tourism, townships, visitor demand, heritage, Soweto, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03768351003740795 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03768351003740795 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:2:p:273-287




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 289-289 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.501148 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.501148 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:289-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charlie Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Charlie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Author-Name: Fiona Paumgarten 
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paumgarten 
Author-Name: Thami Mthembu 
Author-X-Name-First: Thami 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mthembu 
Author-Name: Lisa Ernst 
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ernst 
Author-Name: Margaret Pasquini 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pasquini 
Author-Name: Germain Pichop 
Author-X-Name-First: Germain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pichop 
Title: Production of and trade in African indigenous vegetables in the urban and peri-urban areas of Durban, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper reports on the farming and trade of lesser known crops, here
 termed African indigenous vegetables (AIVs), in the Durban metropole. Most
 households grow AIVs, and collect them from the wild, primarily for home
 consumption. Modal income from sale was approximately R30 per month per
 farmer, most of whom were middle-aged to elderly females, with limited
 education, who had been cultivating AIVs here for many years. The main
 constraints to greater sales were deemed to be low market demand and
 adverse climate. The commonest AIVs grown were pumpkin leaves, taro and
 amaranth. Although most farmers sold very little, there is a thriving
 retail trade in AIVs. Generally, retailers were females, but younger and
 more educated than the farmers. The majority viewed retailing as a
 full-time occupation. Modal income for retailers was R450 per month, but
 included non-AIV produce. Most of the traders thought there was
 insufficient market demand for AIVs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 291-308 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: African indigenous vegetables, gender, peri-urban, markets, urban agriculture, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498937 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498937 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:291-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Duvenage 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Duvenage 
Author-Name: Hettie Schonfeldt 
Author-X-Name-First: Hettie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfeldt 
Author-Name: Rozanne Kruger 
Author-X-Name-First: Rozanne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger 
Title: Food product attributes guiding purchasing choice of maize meal by low-income South African consumers 
Abstract:
  This study ascertained the food product attributes prioritised by
 low-income and very low-income consumers when purchasing their staple
 food, maize meal. Survey results from 502 Gauteng respondents in three
 informal settlements and one formal settlement revealed the level of
 importance perceived for 14 predetermined attributes. The informal
 settlement consumers' ratings for product acceptability and convenience
 closely matched those of the formal settlement, but the more affluent
 respondents gave them higher ratings. The ratings for appearance, value
 for money, product quality, texture, product safety, brand loyalty and
 nutrient content were significantly similar between the two low and
 between the two very low income groups, but significantly different
 between the former two and the latter two, specifically for nutrient
 content. The informal settlements rated satiety value and affordability as
 the most important, while the formal settlement reported taste and
 appearance. These findings represent both a challenge and an opportunity
 for food product developers. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 309-331 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: food product attributes, low income consumers, urbanisation, food trends, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498940 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498940 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:309-331




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guillaume Gruere 
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gruere 
Author-Name: Debdatta Sengupta 
Author-X-Name-First: Debdatta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sengupta 
Title: Reviewing South Africa's marketing and trade policies for genetically modified products 
Abstract:
  South Africa is unique in that it has commercialised genetically modified
 (GM) crops and has a functional biosafety system, which allows for trade
 in both GM and non-GM crops, despite being surrounded by countries banning
 the use of GM products. This paper analyses the past achievements and
 evolving changes in marketing and trade policies for GM products in South
 Africa. A quantitative analysis of South Africa's GM imports and exports
 demonstrates the success of South Africa's flexible regulatory system. Yet
 a review of recent reforms indicates a trend towards more rigid trade and
 marketing regulations of GM products. This paper suggests five policy
 recommendations to improve rather than rigidify regulations and allow
 South Africa to adapt to global changes, manage risks and take advantage
 of potentially promising new GM technologies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 333-352 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: GM products, international trade, biosafety, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498941 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498941 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:333-352




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zolile Ntshona 
Author-X-Name-First: Zolile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntshona 
Author-Name: Mcebisi Kraai 
Author-X-Name-First: Mcebisi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraai 
Author-Name: Thembela Kepe 
Author-X-Name-First: Thembela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe 
Author-Name: Paul Saliwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saliwa 
Title: From land rights to environmental entitlements: Community discontent in the 'successful' Dwesa-Cwebe land claim in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper discusses the inability of successful land claimants to enjoy
 livelihood benefits from their newly acquired land rights. Based on
 long-term field observation, interviews and analysis of secondary
 material, the paper uses a case study of the Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve in
 the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to explore why it is that an
 agreement, as part of the land claim settlement, to allow local villagers
 regulated access to natural resources is not being implemented. The paper
 draws from the environmental entitlements framework to argue that full
 land rights that could allow livelihood benefits to be enjoyed are
 restricted by ineffective and conflicting institutional arrangements, such
 as the Land Trust, the Communal Property Association and traditional
 authorities. The paper calls for the empowerment of institutions to
 deliberately benefit local livelihoods. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 353-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: land claim, environmental entitlements, livelihoods, Dwesa-Cwebe, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498942 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498942 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:353-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Chavunduka 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chavunduka 
Author-Name: Daniel Bromley 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bromley 
Title: Beyond the crisis in Zimbabwe: Sorting out the land question 
Abstract:
  The depth of political and economic despair in Zimbabwe is beyond
 dispute. This paper situates the unfortunate picture in its historical
 context - drawing particular attention to the role of land in setting the
 country on its tragic trajectory, and showing how land remains the most
 fundamental problem precluding the restoration of political coherence and
 economic recovery. It argues that political and economic stability will be
 elusive until there is definitive closure to Zimbabwe's unpleasant past
 and at the same time clarity about property rights. It offers in addition
 some necessary first steps for the day when a new government is finally
 able to address and rectify the current chaos. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 363-379 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: land rights, structural adjustment, immiserisation, political legitimacy, terra nullius, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498944 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498944 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:363-379




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ayal Kimhi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ayal 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimhi 
Title: Revitalising and modernising smallholder agriculture: The Aldeia Nova Project in Angola 
Abstract:
  The Aldeia Nova Project in Angola is aimed at demobilising ex-combatants
 to rural areas and settling them in modern agricultural communities. The
 first settlers arrived in the Waku-Kungu Valley in 2005 and now 600
 families are using modern agricultural technology to produce milk, eggs
 and vegetables, which are marketed in the urban centres. The Project has
 enhanced the families' livelihoods and provided employment to hundreds of
 other Angolans, and the entire region has been revitalised, with a large
 number of new families arriving to enjoy the benefits of the improved
 local economy. This paper presents the concept of the Project, describes
 its evolution and discusses its strengths and weaknesses. It concludes
 that the Project has had benefits beyond its measureable economic impact
 and that Aldeia Nova's original and ambitious goals are not beyond the
 reach of the Angolan people. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 381-395 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: smallholder agriculture, rural development, food security, technology adoption, demobilisation, Angola, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498947 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498947 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Greenwell Matchaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Greenwell 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matchaya 
Title: Cooperative patronage: The National Smallholder Farmers' Association of Malawi in Kasungu District 
Abstract:
  This paper estimates the determinants of farmers' decisions to join a
 rural producer organisation, the National Smallholder Farmers' Association
 of Malawi (NASFAM), in Kasungu District. Data for the study were collected
 in June and August 2003 using household-level questionnaires and
 stratified random sampling, where strata were membership status and
 gender. Probit analysis of 250 farmers shows that off-farm sources of
 income, distance of the farmer's household from Kasungu District centre,
 age of the farmer, tobacco farming, education, household level land
 holding and gender determined the decision to join NASFAM. These results
 suggest that farmers should be informed of the potential benefits of
 participating in rural development efforts, and that rural communication
 and information infrastructure should be improved so as to reduce the
 costs of information access and transactions in general, if participation
 in organisations such as NASFAM is to be enhanced. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 397-412 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: probit analysis, farmers' cooperatives, NASFAM membership, Malawi, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498950 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498950 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:397-412




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen Hillbom 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hillbom 
Title: Agricultural development and the distribution of water resources in Kgatleng District, Botswana 
Abstract:
  During Botswana's four decades of high levels of growth the agricultural
 sector has lagged behind, with smallholder productivity being especially
 poor. This paper applies an equity perspective: its main claim is that one
 important explanation for the current lack of agricultural development is
 the unequal distribution of agricultural resources. It takes into account
 both the national institutional structure, which promotes widespread
 inequality, and the distribution of boreholes and water resources on the
 communal grazing range in Kgatleng District. It argues that ever since the
 first administrative effort to develop water resources in the 1920s the
 country's official policy and legislation has directly or indirectly
 favoured the large-scale farmers over the smallholders and, further, that
 customary property rights principles have supported the process that has
 led to today's institutional inequality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 413-427 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: agricultural development, equity, water, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498951 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498951 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:3:p:413-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alet Harmse 
Author-X-Name-First: Alet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harmse 
Title: Node selection for the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Programme in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Various programmes and strategies in South Africa aim to reduce poverty.
 The Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Programme (ISRDP) is a
 sustained campaign against rural poverty and underdevelopment, implemented
 in 13 nodes selected on account of their poverty, lack of infrastructure
 and capacity, and provincial representivity. Using a hierarchy of
 development regions, data from the 2001 Census and a core-periphery model,
 this paper evaluates the location of the 13 nodes to determine whether the
 municipalities in these nodes have high levels of poverty and are in need
 of development. The findings are that although most of these
 municipalities have high poverty levels, the nodes also include
 municipalities with relatively high levels of development. There are also
 17 municipalities in South Africa with very low levels of development that
 are not included as nodes in the ISRDP. Policy-makers need to take
 cognisance of the macro pattern of spatial economic development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 429-445 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: development regions, socio-economic development, rural nodes, Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Programme, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498953 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498953 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Nyanzi 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyanzi 
Author-Name: Piet Jooste 
Author-X-Name-First: Piet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jooste 
Author-Name: Joseph Abu 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abu 
Author-Name: Elbie Beukes 
Author-X-Name-First: Elbie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beukes 
Title: Consumer acceptability of a synbiotic version of the maize beverage mageu 
Abstract:
  This study examined the possibility of converting mageu, a fermented
 maize beverage popular throughout southern Africa, into a health-promoting
 and affordable alternative to probiotic dairy products. A range of
 probiotic Lactobacillus species was compared with a control species
 traditionally used to prepare mageu. Prebiotic oligosaccharide (soluble
 fibre), which enhances the growth of beneficial bacteria, was also
 included. The resulting beverages were compared in two ways: sensory
 attributes were determined by a trained panel using quantitative
 descriptive analysis (QDA), and consumer acceptability was assessed by 53
 untrained volunteers. The QDA results suggest that mageu fermented by Lb.
 acidophilus or Lb. rhamnosus was most similar to the control mageu, while
 Lb. paracasei mageu and Lb. casei mageu were least similar. The consumer
 acceptability data confirmed that Lb. acidophilus or Lb. rhamnosus mageu
 did not differ significantly from the control, suggesting that either of
 these is suitable for commercial production of probiotic mageu. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 447-463 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: mageu, prebiotics, probiotics, quantitative descriptive sensory analyses, consumer acceptability, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.498955 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.498955 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Author-Name: Jayne Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jayne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Local economic development in Africa: Global context and research directions 
Abstract:
  This paper locates local economic development research and practice in
 Africa in a global context. It provides an overview of the international
 development of local economic development (LED), of its contested
 definitions and theoretical status, and of existing scholarship on the
 topic of LED policy and practice specifically across sub-Saharan Africa.
 Currently there is much more LED research available for South Africa than
 for the other sub-Saharan African countries. The paper highlights the need
 for this imbalance to be redressed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 465-480 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local economic development, sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508577 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508577 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:4:p:465-480




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Local economic development in South Africa: Strategic challenges 
Abstract:
  Since the democratic transition, local economic development has been a
 growing feature of development planning in South Africa. The major
 objective of national government promotion of local economic development
 (LED) in South Africa is to forge robust and sustainable local economies.
 This paper analyses 15 years' experience of LED planning, and identifies
 strategic challenges that face LED planning in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 481-495 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local economic development, local government, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508580 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508580 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:4:p:481-495




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Turok 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok 
Title: Towards a developmental state? Provincial economic policy in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the meaning of the developmental state for spatial
 economic policy in South Africa. Two main questions are addressed: do
 provincial governments have a role to play in promoting economic
 prosperity, and to what extent do current provincial policies possess the
 attributes of a developmental state? These attributes are defined as the
 ability to plan longer term, to focus key partners on a common agenda, and
 to mobilise state resources to build productive capabilities. The paper
 argues that the developmental state must harness the power of government
 at every level to ensure that each part of the country develops to its
 potential. However, current provincial capacity is uneven, and weakest
 where support is needed most. Many provinces seem to have partial
 strategies and lack the wherewithal for sustained implementation.
 Coordination across government appears to be poor. The paper concludes by
 suggesting ways provincial policies could be strengthened. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 497-515 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: developmental state, provincial economic development policy, spatial development, government coordination, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508582 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508582 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais 
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais 
Title: Donor-driven local economic development in peripheral areas of KwaZulu-Natal: The Gijima Programme 
Abstract:
  The Gijima Programme in one of KwaZulu-Natal's peripheral economic areas
 represents a fourth phase of local economic development (LED) approaches
 in South Africa. This paper assesses the programme by comparing it with
 international trends and recent developments in South Africa. Despite some
 noteworthy innovations, the overall programme reflects a supply-driven
 approach that seldom considers projects funded from the market side. This
 is evident from the overall approach and the quality of the plans, both of
 which tend to focus on ensuring legal compliance rather than on the
 quality of the end product. The sectoral distribution of projects seldom
 takes account of the latest knowledge economy requirements or the need for
 differentiated products and services that are appropriate for the poor.
 Partnership formation remains a major stumbling block. Consequently,
 projects are dominated by supply-driven approaches and their pro-poor
 nature is not well defined. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 517-530 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local economic development, local economic development partnerships, pro-poor local economic development, Gijima, KwaZulu-Natal, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508583 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508583 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glen Robbins 
Author-X-Name-First: Glen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robbins 
Title: Beyond local economic development? Exploring municipality-supported job creation in a South African city 
Abstract:
  Unemployment levels have been high in South Africa for many decades,
 despite periods of relatively high economic growth in the mid-1980s,
 mid-1990s and mid-2000s. Since the country's first democratic elections in
 1994 there has been debate about the failure of national policy frameworks
 to increase employment substantially and reduce unemployment. Attention is
 being focused on municipal government's role in tackling persistent high
 levels of unemployment beyond the economic growth-oriented local economic
 development strategies favoured by most of the larger city
 administrations. This paper explores recent responses to employment
 related challenges by the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in Durban.
 It suggests that despite their firm commitment to increasing employment,
 municipal authorities see their role as secondary to national programmes.
 It is observed, however, that growing attention is being paid to
 employment creation outside traditional LED programmes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 531-546 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local economic development, employment, unemployment, municipalities, urban development, eThekwini, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508584 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508584 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gijsbert Hoogendoorn 
Author-X-Name-First: Gijsbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogendoorn 
Author-Name: Gustav Visser 
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visser 
Title: The role of second homes in local economic development in five small South African towns 
Abstract:
  Local economic development (LED) is receiving greater policy prominence
 in a range of southern African settings. Strategic interventions often
 draw on tourism development to attain LED objectives. This investigation
 contends that second home development can serve as an additional focus for
 tourism strategies aimed at LED, and demonstrates that important LED
 objectives, such as developing and maintaining enterprises, generating
 employment and attracting capital inflows, can be achieved through second
 home development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 547-562 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: second homes, small towns, tourism, local economic impacts, local economic development, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508585 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508585 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanette Snowball 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snowball 
Author-Name: Sinead Courtney 
Author-X-Name-First: Sinead 
Author-X-Name-Last: Courtney 
Title: Cultural heritage routes in South Africa: Effective tools for heritage conservation and local economic development? 
Abstract:
  Protecting cultural heritage is a challenge for developing countries,
 particularly where heritage sites are widely spread in rural areas and may
 not include impressive buildings and monuments. A potential solution
 adopted by a growing number of these countries is to link small sites of
 mainly local significance into a cultural heritage route and market them
 as a package while also improving the management and conservation of
 heritage assets. The tourism potential of such routes is often emphasised
 in local economic development (LED) strategies, envisaged as providing
 revenue-generating opportunities for conserving heritage assets. This
 paper explores the potential for economic development and heritage
 conservation of the Liberation Heritage Route in South Africa. This
 project may have non-market value in protecting cultural capital, but
 financial and other LED benefits are unlikely to be forthcoming in the
 short run, which could jeopardise the sustainability of the heritage
 protection. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 563-576 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: tourism, heritage, cultural heritage routes, local economic development, cultural capital, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508589 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508589 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:4:p:563-576




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Author-Name: Jayne Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jayne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Improving the local business environment of Johannesburg 
Abstract:
  Analysis of local business environments is an emerging theme in
 scholarship on local economic development (LED). South Africa's national
 LED framework urges local governments to foster conditions that stimulate
 and enable the general environment in which business is done. This article
 analyses findings from recent interviews conducted with 100 foreign
 investors and 10 business chambers on the topic of constraints to private
 investment in the business environment of Johannesburg. It concludes that
 city authorities must address a range of issues in order to enhance the
 local business environment. Key themes are crime and safety and security,
 infrastructure, the rising costs of doing business, skills shortages, and
 limited working relationships between city authorities and local
 investors. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 577-593 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: local economic development, local business environment, Johannesburg, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508591 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508591 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:4:p:577-593




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Grant 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant 
Title: Working it out: Labour geographies of the poor in Soweto, South Africa 
Abstract:
  Local economic development (LED) research and policy grapple with the
 informal economy and township transformation. While most current thinking
 centres on firms, this paper argues that non-firm worlds of work and their
 spatiality are not adequately understood. Representations of the places
 where poor people work remain abstract and incomplete. The paper reports
 on a survey of 320 low-income Sowetan residents and in-depth interviews
 with 20 workers about their work roles in the urban space economy. The
 findings, which show poor workers engaging with diverse sectors and
 locations in complex ways, challenge the dominant spatial narratives about
 isolated poor residential areas. Poor workers deliberately create their
 own social capital in work realms. This being the case, a more finely
 tuned conceptualisation of these workers and their roles in urban space is
 essential to sharpen LED discussions so that policies can be based more on
 real rather than imagined spatiality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 595-612 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: informal settlements, space economy, social capital, labour geographies, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508595 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508595 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alec Thornton 
Author-X-Name-First: Alec 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thornton 
Author-Name: Etienne Nel 
Author-X-Name-First: Etienne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel 
Author-Name: Godfrey Hampwaye 
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hampwaye 
Title: Cultivating Kaunda's plan for self-sufficiency: Is urban agriculture finally beginning to receive support in Zambia? 
Abstract:
  Urban agriculture has become one of the key survival strategies for the
 urban poor in the developing world. Yet most cities do not have policy to
 support it and many actively discourage it. This paper reviews the
 situation in Zambia's four largest cities. During the 1960s-1970s, the
 Kaunda government attempted to create a supportive policy environment for
 urban agriculture, which included support for peri-urban cooperatives.
 However, the current situation reveals that a near absence of
 institutional support for urban agriculture constrains farmers'
 activities. The authors' survey of 400 farmers established both the value
 of such agriculture as a survival strategy and the need for support
 measures. The paper concludes with an overview of institutions that need
 to be implemented to enhance the relevance and scope of urban agriculture
 in Zambia and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 613-625 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: urban agriculture, urban and peri-urban agriculture, cooperatives, survival strategies, malaria, Zambia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.508604 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.508604 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Seif 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seif 
Author-Name: Kate Rivett-Carnac 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rivett-Carnac 
Title: Editorial 
Abstract:
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 627-628 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522825 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522825 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:5:p:627-628




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Muganda 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muganda 
Author-Name: Mondher Sahli 
Author-X-Name-First: Mondher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahli 
Author-Name: Karen A Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Karen 
Author-X-Name-Last: A Smith 
Title: Tourism's contribution to poverty alleviation: A community perspective from Tanzania 
Abstract:
  Taking a micro-level approach, this study questions whether the positive
 impacts of tourism often claimed at the macro level do indeed trickle down
 to the grassroots level to lift local people out of poverty. A case study
 of the local community in Barabarani village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha, on
 Tanzania's popular northern tourist circuit, compares the perspectives of
 local residents and key decision-makers in the community. The extent to
 which tourism development has affected seven signifiers of poverty
 alleviation are examined: accessibility improvement (transport and
 communication), prices of goods and services, entrepreneurial training,
 income-generating projects, employment opportunities, general quality of
 life and household income. Most of the local community felt tourism
 development is having a positive impact and contributing to poverty
 alleviation, especially in terms of improving local facilities. However,
 there are variations, with household distance from the main road through
 the community being a determining factor. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 629-646 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: community participation, tourism impacts, poverty alleviation, least developed countries, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522826 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522826 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Spenceley 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spenceley 
Author-Name: Straton Habyalimana 
Author-X-Name-First: Straton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Habyalimana 
Author-Name: Ritah Tusabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Ritah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tusabe 
Author-Name: Donnah Mariza 
Author-X-Name-First: Donnah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariza 
Title: Benefits to the poor from gorilla tourism in Rwanda 
Abstract:
  Tourism is currently the leading export sector in Rwanda and is growing.
 The country is famous for the rare mountain gorillas of the Parc National
 des Volcans. This paper uses information from value chain analysis
 studies, complementary research and stakeholder testimonies to reveal the
 benefits that accrue to people living around the Park. It quantifies
 pro-poor income and non-financial benefits from gorilla tourism, and
 describes the opportunities for the poor to become economically involved
 in the value chains relating to accommodation, food and beverages,
 excursions and shopping, and the barriers to their involvement. To
 increase local benefits from gorilla tourism and other tourism activities
 around the Park, the authors recommend stimulating the activities of the
 private sector, increasing the number of joint venture agreements,
 enhancing opportunities for local employment and career progression, and
 improving business linkages with entrepreneurs and entertainers. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 647-662 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: value chain analysis, pro-poor tourism, gorillas, Rwanda, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522828 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522828 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:5:p:647-662




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Strickland-Munro 
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strickland-Munro 
Author-Name: Susan Moore 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moore 
Author-Name: Stefanie Freitag-Ronaldson 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Freitag-Ronaldson 
Title: The impacts of tourism on two communities adjacent to the Kruger National Park, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper explores the socioeconomic impacts of tourism associated with
 the Kruger National Park, South Africa's flagship national park, on the
 neighbouring villages of Cork and Belfast. Case study research, where the
 study area was characterised as a social-ecological system, was used to
 investigate the impacts of Park tourism on these communities. The findings
 offer a micro-scale, local community perspective of these impacts and
 indicate that the enclave nature of Park tourism keeps local communities
 separate from the Park and makes it hard for them to benefit from it. The
 paper concludes with reflections on this perceived separation, and
 suggests the need to make the Park boundaries more 'permeable' so as to
 improve relationships with adjacent communities, while also pragmatically
 managing community expectations. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 663-678 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: community, social-ecological system, socioeconomic impacts, tourism, Kruger National Park, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522829 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522829 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sam Jones 
Author-X-Name-First: Sam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones 
Title: The economic contribution of tourism in Mozambique: Insights from a Social Accounting Matrix 
Abstract:
  How much tourism contributes to the economies of developing countries is
 controversial and often not measured rigorously. Focusing on Mozambique,
 this study presents a simple accounting tool - a tourist-focused Social
 Accounting Matrix - which makes it possible to estimate the economic
 contribution of various tourism sub-types. Multiplier analysis is applied
 to evaluate the strength of backward linkages from tourism to the domestic
 economy. The results show the sector is moderate in size but has the
 potential to contribute significantly to aggregate economic development.
 However, potential weaknesses are already evident and careful attention
 must be paid to the full tourism value chain. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 679-696 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: economic contribution of tourism, tourism development, Social Accounting Matrix, Mozambique, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522831 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522831 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:27:y:2010:i:5:p:679-696




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Girish Prayag 
Author-X-Name-First: Girish 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prayag 
Author-Name: Kiran Dookhony-Ramphul 
Author-X-Name-First: Kiran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dookhony-Ramphul 
Author-Name: Mootoo Maryeven 
Author-X-Name-First: Mootoo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maryeven 
Title: Hotel development and tourism impacts in Mauritius: Hoteliers' perspectives on sustainable tourism 
Abstract:
  Sustainable tourism development is crucial to small island developing
 states, given that tourism is often the main pillar of their economy.
 Stakeholders therefore need to embrace principles of environmental,
 economic and social sustainability for continued success. This study
 assessed hoteliers' perceptions of the tourism impacts of hotel
 development. Existing attitudinal scales on tourism impacts were applied
 to the Mauritian context and measured among top and middle management of
 hotels. The findings, based on 90 questionnaires, indicated 11 underlying
 dimensions. Hoteliers on average agreed that hotel development should
 contribute to environmental sustainability, and have positive economic,
 social and cultural impacts. They were not entirely convinced that there
 were negative cultural and economic impacts, and they disagreed that there
 were negative social impacts. The paper suggests implications for tourism
 policy, hotel development and management of tourism impacts. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 697-712 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: sustainable tourism, tourism impacts, hotels, SUS-TAS scale, Mauritius, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522832 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522832 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen 
Title: Local tourism awareness: Community views in Katutura and King Nehale Conservancy, Namibia 
Abstract:
  In Namibia the tourism industry is increasingly used for socioeconomic
 development. Recent government policies have highlighted the role of
 community-based tourism in particular, a policy tool that aims to ensure
 that local communities can participate actively in tourism and have a
 fairly high degree of control over tourism development and practices, so
 as to recognise and receive the benefits of tourism. For this to happen,
 local people need to know about tourism, tourists and the impacts of
 tourism in their daily environment. This paper discusses community views
 and local tourism awareness in two case study communities in Namibia:
 Katutura, in Windhoek, and King Nehale Conservancy. It concludes that
 making local communities aware of tourism could help them become agents in
 tourism development, rather than objects as is still often the case in
 peripheral and marginalised rural and urban communities in southern
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 713-724 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: tourism impacts, community-based tourism, local tourism awareness, Namibia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522833 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522833 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caitlin Mary Lepper 
Author-X-Name-First: Caitlin Mary 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lepper 
Author-Name: Jessica Schroenn Goebel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schroenn Goebel 
Title: Community-based natural resource management, poverty alleviation and livelihood diversification: A case study from northern Botswana 
Abstract:
  This paper presents a case study from Ngamiland, northern Botswana, where
 community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has been implemented
 through an ecotourism joint venture between a community-based organisation
 (CBO) and the private sector. CBNRM is intended to promote sustainable
 development, by contributing to local poverty alleviation and livelihood
 diversification through wage employment and CBO fee revenue. The findings
 in this case suggest that wage revenue and subsequent remittances make a
 more significant contribution than fee revenue to household poverty
 alleviation and livelihood diversification. The objective of sustainable
 tourism development is only partly met by these community benefits. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 725-739 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: tourism, conservation, community-based natural resource management, Botswana, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522834 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522834 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Novelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Marina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Novelli 
Author-Name: Peter Burns 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burns 
Title: Peer-to-peer capacity-building in tourism: Values and experiences of field-based education 
Abstract:
  Taking tourism as a metaphor for the complex and unequal relationship
 between the Majority World and the more affluent tourist-generating
 countries, this paper reports research into ways in which educational
 tourism can facilitate mutually beneficial exchanges between 'hosts and
 guests'. The empirical work is based on data collected as part of an
 innovative field-based education project on international tourism
 development and management with field-based activities conducted in The
 Gambia. The paper aimed to show that if the exchange, both culturally and
 pragmatically, was to benefit not only the visiting students but also the
 host country, then values, cross-cultural interaction, innovation and
 knowledge exchange would have to play key roles to ensure that this
 peer-to-peer capacity-building opportunity though educational tourism
 would contribute to sustainable (tourism) development in the chosen
 locality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 741-756 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: educational tourism, field trips, field-based education, capacity-building, The Gambia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522835 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522835 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renaud Lapeyre 
Author-X-Name-First: Renaud 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lapeyre 
Title: Community-based tourism as a sustainable solution to maximise impacts locally? The Tsiseb Conservancy case, Namibia 
Abstract:
  Based on an in-depth field study in a rural area of Namibia, this article
 assesses the potential contribution of community-based tourism enterprises
 (CBTEs) to poverty alleviation and empowerment. It shows that tourism
 income captured locally improves rural households' livelihoods and
 generates linkages in the local economy. On the job learning, training
 sessions and extensive support by non-governmental organisations and
 donors are further shown to empower rural actors and unlock socioeconomic
 opportunities for the future. In this context, CBTEs can be characterised
 as pro-poor initiatives. However, this article provides counter evidence
 that the sustainability of such community tourism ventures is to be
 questioned. First, mainstreaming these projects within the competitive
 tourism commodity chain proves highly challenging and costly; second,
 communities' institutional and managerial capacity is weak and thus CBTEs'
 viability is limited; finally, inadequate support by donors and
 non-governmental organisations fails to tackle challenges faced by
 community tourism ventures. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 757-772 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: community-based tourism, livelihoods, institutional arrangements, global commodity chains, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522837 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522837 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Arrington 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arrington 
Title: Competing for tourists at Victoria Falls: A historical consideration of the effects of government involvement 
Abstract:
  Although many African countries have only recently started benefiting
 from tourism development, Zambia and Zimbabwe have a long history of
 promoting tourism. Since the late nineteenth century, the large number of
 visitors drawn to Victoria Falls has stimulated the development of one of
 southern Africa's earliest and most popular tourist destinations. Its
 value as both a commercial and spiritual site and its position on the
 border between Zambia have resulted in a complex, long-term transnational
 struggle between interested parties on both sides of the border. This
 article examines tourism development around Victoria Falls from a
 historical perspective, with attention to the efforts of colonial and
 post-colonial governments to promote tourism, and policies that have
 stifled it. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 773-787 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 27 
Year: 2010 
Keywords: tourism development, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, Zambia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2010.522838 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522838 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nina Hunter 
Author-X-Name-First: Nina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter 
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Title: Poverty, shocks and school disruption episodes among adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  While conventional explanations of drop-out and grade repetition
 acknowledge the role of socioeconomic factors, this paper uses data
 collected in a KwaZulu-Natal study of adolescents to investigate the
 explicit contribution of poverty and shocks to school disruption episodes.
 The asset-vulnerability framework developed by Moser and others is used to
 develop a poverty-based theory of school disruption. Evidence against such
 a theory is also put forward. The results indicate that the poverty-based
 theory accounts in part for school disruption. Poverty is predictive of
 school disruption, female adolescents are particularly vulnerable to
 drop-out episodes, and adolescent pregnancy emerges as an important
 influence. However, household shocks do not seem to predict school
 disruption. Programmes that offer incentives for school attendance and
 improving school quality are put forward as policy options for South
 Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-17 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: drop-out, grade repetition, poverty, shocks, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545167 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545167 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rashid Hassan 
Author-X-Name-First: Rashid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan 
Author-Name: Patrick Birungi 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Birungi 
Title: Social capital and poverty in Uganda 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the links between social capital and household
 poverty in Uganda. It assumes a two-way causal relationship between
 poverty and access to social capital. This suggests an endogeneity
 problem, so the paper uses econometric techniques that control for
 endogeneity. Using two nationally representative datasets, the authors'
 analyses revealed that access to social capital defined in terms of
 membership of social organisations positively affects household income and
 reduces poverty. Education was the key determinant of income and increases
 the probability of joining social networks. Their results further show
 that household income and welfare are positively associated with access to
 social capital or group participation. This suggests that government
 strategies to increase household income that take into consideration
 existing social institutions will go a long way to encourage associational
 growth and performance and consequently reduce poverty. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 19-37 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: poverty, social capital, rural, Uganda, Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545168 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545168 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sebastian Levine 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levine 
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: The impact of cash transfers on household welfare in Namibia 
Abstract:
  Namibia has a long history of providing a universal and non-contributory
 old age pension, child grants using means testing and
 quasi-conditionalities, and other cash transfers. Multivariate analysis
 presented in this paper confirms that these transfers play an important
 role in alleviating poverty, especially for the very poor. The
 poverty-reducing effects of the child grants are likely to increase
 further as access is being rapidly expanded. However, the impact in terms
 of reducing Namibia's extremely high inequality is limited. The targeting
 of the cash transfers towards the poorest groups takes place through two
 main channels. For the child grant, targeting occurs as a result of the
 orphan status eligibility criteria, as orphans are over-represented in
 lower-income households. For the universal social pension, it appears that
 some of the relatively less poor do not receive it even if they are
 eligible. Means testing of child grants appears ineffective, even without
 considering administrative costs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 39-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: old age pension, disability grant, child grant, Namibia, sub-Saharan Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545169 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545169 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Botlhale 
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botlhale 
Title: Gender-responsive budgeting: The case for Botswana 
Abstract:
  Various conferences on women's rights have identified a relationship
 between gender, power, decision-making and resource allocation.
 Considering it is a given that pockets of gender inequality in many
 developing countries, including Botswana, the women will always be
 disadvantaged in resource allocation. The disadvantage manifests itself in
 many fronts, particularly feminised poverty and HIV infection. Since the
 effects of the global financial crisis are not gender-neutral, women and
 girls, as vulnerable groups, must be protected by gender-responsive
 budgeting. This paper argues that while Botswana has chalked up some
 successes in gender equality initiatives, sufficiently instanced by the
 ratification of gender conventions, public budgeting largely lacks gender
 responsiveness. Since literature advocating for gender-responsive
 budgeting in Botswana is lacking, this paper attempts to fill the gap and
 encourage debate. Finally, it argues that such budgeting will ensure
 equality in resource allocation and also empower women. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 61-74 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: gender, sex, gender equity, gender-responsive budgeting, gender development planning, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545170 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545170 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanusha Raniga 
Author-X-Name-First: Tanusha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Raniga 
Author-Name: Barbara Simpson 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson 
Title: Poverty, HIV/AIDS and the old age pension in Bhambayi, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa 
Abstract:
  To date the international community has tended to direct HIV prevention
 programmes, treatment, care and supportive services to young adults and
 children, with little concern about the impact on older people. Since
 empirical evidence on the socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on households
 with older persons is lacking, this paper attempts to fill this gap, using
 data from a household-based survey conducted in Bhambayi, a mixed formal
 and informal settlement north of eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal. The findings
 highlight the links between the uptake of the South African old age
 pension, poverty and HIV/AIDS in households with older persons. The paper
 makes recommendations for both government and non-governmental
 organisations in respect of community-based support systems for such
 households affected by HIV/AIDS. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 75-85 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: social security systems, older people, poverty and HIV/AIDS, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545171 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545171 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Weyers 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weyers 
Title: The habits of highly effective community development practitioners 
Abstract:
  This paper is the result of a study aimed at answering the question:
 'What makes effective community development practitioners effective?' In
 it, all the articles published over a 10-year period in the Community
 Development Journal, International Social Work, Journal of Community
 Practice and Social Work (South Africa) were subjected to a secondary
 analysis. This made it possible to identify eight 'habits of
 effectiveness'. This set of habits can form a credo to guide a
 practitioner's service delivery. It also provides a list of criteria to
 help identify ineffective habits and confirm effective ones. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 87-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: community practice, credo, effective community practitioners, habits, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545172 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545172 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:1:p:87-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annelize Booysen 
Author-X-Name-First: Annelize 
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen 
Author-Name: Frederick Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Author-Name: Lucius Botes 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botes 
Title: The development status of women in South Africa: Patterns and progress in the provinces 
Abstract:
  The development status of women in South Africa declined between 1996 and
 2001. This study examined whether the decline was pervasive throughout the
 nine provinces, and whether any development patterns were apparent among
 the provinces. The findings revealed that women had lost ground across the
 board, both in absolute terms and relative to men. They also showed that
 certain ranking patterns prevailed among the nine provinces and, notably,
 that women in provinces with pre-existing poor development statuses may
 also be predisposed to a poor development status relative to men. This
 double burden may translate into a perpetuation of poverty for women who
 find themselves in these provinces. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 99-119 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: gender and development, development progress, Human Development Index, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545173 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545173 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoffel Venter 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoffel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Venter 
Title: Transport expenditure and affordability: The cost of being mobile 
Abstract:
  Measuring and understanding the transport expenditure patterns of
 households and individuals is critically important for formulating
 pro-poor transport policies, as well as for monitoring their
 effectiveness. This paper reviews evidence on transport expenditure and
 affordability in South Africa, focusing especially on low-income and
 mobility constrained persons. The results indicate that a person's
 location along the urban-rural continuum significantly affects both their
 transport expenditure levels and the perceived severity of their transport
 affordability problems. Public transport users in displaced urban
 settlements and isolated deep rural locations and medium-income car
 commuters in suburbs and urban townships face the highest transport
 expenditure and affordability problems. Disabled and elderly people were
 found to have similar expenditure patterns and perceptions as travellers
 at large. Spatially targeted interventions in both transport supply and
 land use policy are suggested to address transport affordability problems
 in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 121-140 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: transport cost, affordability, disability, poverty, livelihoods, public transport, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545174 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545174 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:1:p:121-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Logan Rangasamy 
Author-X-Name-First: Logan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rangasamy 
Author-Name: Jan Abraham Swanepoel 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Abraham 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanepoel 
Title: China's impact on South African trade and inflation 
Abstract:
  There has been much controversy about the impact of Chinese growth on the
 rest of the world. It is generally accepted that China has a dampening
 effect on global inflation through the supply of cheap products. On the
 other hand, imports from China could displace domestic production and
 hence have adverse effects on economic growth and employment. Thus, the
 question of whether a country benefits from trading with China is a
 country-specific issue. The results in this paper indicate that limited
 short-term costs have resulted from the strengthening of trade relations
 between South Africa and China. As far as inflation is concerned, the
 paper does not find convincing empirical evidence at the aggregate level
 for inflation in China leading to domestic price changes. At the
 disaggregate level, however, there appear to be stronger sector-specific
 linkages between prices in China and South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 141-156 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: China, South Africa, trade, inflation, prices, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.545175 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.545175 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Title: School effectiveness in Zambia: The origins of differences between rural and urban outcomes 
Abstract:
  Surveys have shown that Zambian urban residents have significantly higher
 schooling attainment rates than rural residents and are more likely to be
 literate. To address this inequality in education outcomes it is important
 to understand to what extent this is a result of a resource gap (for
 example, differences in teachers or textbooks) or different returns on
 resources (for example, an additional teacher makes more of a difference
 in urban areas). To explore this idea this study performed an Oaxaca
 decomposition on the SACMEQ II data set for Zambia. The results showed
 that the rural-urban gap was attributable both to differences in the
 presence of resources (55% of the gap) and differences in the returns on
 resources (45% of the gap). Since returns on resources are considerably
 lower in rural areas, additional resource investment alone is unlikely to
 close the gap between rural and urban schooling outcomes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 157-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: education outcomes, rural schools, Zambia, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570064 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570064 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:157-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheona Shackleton 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton 
Author-Name: David Kirby 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirby 
Author-Name: James Gambiza 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gambiza 
Title: Invasive plants - friends or foes? Contribution of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) to livelihoods in Makana Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The negative impacts of invasive alien species on the environment are
 well documented. However, despite the predominantly negative perceptions
 associated with invasive species, it is evident that a number of these
 plants have been part of the landscape for generations and have numerous
 commercial and non-market uses. Consequently, there is a need for research
 that considers the impact of invasive species on the livelihoods and
 well-being of local communities. The authors investigated the contribution
 that the trade in prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica), an invasive alien
 species, makes to the household income streams of poor trading households.
 The research highlights the apparent conflict of interests and trade-offs
 that exists between local traders, for whom the sale of the prickly pear
 provides a livelihood source, and the South African Government, who are
 actively seeking to remove the plant from the landscape. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 177-193 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: poverty, livelihoods, local trade, invasive species, Opuntia, prickly pear, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570065 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570065 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:177-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel Webb 
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb 
Title: When is enough, enough? Advocacy, evidence and criticism in the field of urban agriculture in South Africa 
Abstract:
  In South Africa, the advocacy of urban agriculture as a means of
 improving the plight of the urban poor has been a major theme in the
 literature since the early 1990s. Ironically, the criticism of that
 advocacy has almost as long a history. To elucidate these two themes, this
 paper investigates the evidence on which the advocacy is based, outlines
 the criticism of the advocacy, and analyses the responses to the
 criticism. It suggests that continued advocacy in the face of
 disconfirming evidence is misplaced and calls for greater caution. It
 observes that responses to the criticism have been weak and concludes that
 continued advocacy and continued criticism, in parallel, hamper debate.
 Unless there is engagement between the advocates and the critics, not only
 will the field of urban agriculture suffer, but so will the urban poor. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 195-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: urban agriculture, advocacy, criticism, stifled debate, South Africa, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570067 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570067 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:195-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bryson Gwiyani-Nkhoma 
Author-X-Name-First: Bryson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gwiyani-Nkhoma 
Title: Irrigation development and its socioeconomic impact on rural communities in Malawi 
Abstract:
  The 'green revolution' of the 1950s advocated irrigation schemes as one
 way of achieving food security globally. Evidence from the Likangala and
 Domasi irrigation schemes in Malawi suggests, however, that irrigation
 schemes that were developed after the pattern of the 'green revolution'
 had adverse effects on the socioeconomic status of Malawi's rural
 communities, disrupting local economies, exposing local farmers to water
 related diseases, and relocating communities away from their ancestral
 land without due compensation. The production of rice, expansion of rural
 sources of income, and growth of towns associated with irrigation schemes
 were limited in quality and quantity and benefited only a few privileged
 farmers on the schemes. This paper strongly recommends the recognition of
 local structures and systems, and minimal dependency on donor support, if
 irrigation farming is to improve the welfare of rural communities in
 Malawi. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 209-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: irrigation schemes, green revolution, land tenure, Malawi, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570068 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570068 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:209-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Isike 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Isike 
Author-Name: Ufo Okeke Uzodike 
Author-X-Name-First: Ufo Okeke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uzodike 
Title: Marginalising women in politics: Recent trends in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  This paper examines trends in the political marginalisation of women in
 KwaZulu-Natal between 1994 and 2004. South Africa's political
 representation of women has been increasing significantly since 1994.
 KwaZulu-Natal has just over 25% female representation in provincial
 governance, an enviable percentage compared to world figures. This paper
 examines the quality of that representation to discover how effectively
 this 25% has addressed the concerns of the region's women, especially
 rural African women, and what sociocultural notions have hampered their
 political participation and thus escalated their socioeconomic
 marginalisation. Looking at primary and secondary data from interviews
 with women in rural KwaZulu-Natal and in public decision-making
 structures, and with female and male political science students at the
 University of KwaZulu-Natal, the paper finds that politics is still
 masculinised, and poverty by implication remains feminised. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 225-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: women, political representation, marginalisation, patriarchy, KwaZulu-Natal, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570069 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570069 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:225-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Mearns 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mearns 
Title: Ekaluka Farmers' Association and the Land Reform Programme: Expectations and success factors 
Abstract:
  The Land Reform Programme in South Africa aims to transfer 30% of
 white-owned commercial land to African owners before 2015. The Department
 of Land Affairs needs to ensure that land redistribution projects are
 viable and sustainable before approval. This article reports on a case
 study conducted in the Ermelo district of Mpumalanga Province, South
 Africa, investigating the situation with regard to the Ekaluka Farmers'
 Association. The expectations, structure and composition, level of
 education and employment status of all 163 members of the Association were
 ascertained through structured interviews. The results indicate various
 factors that could prove valuable in the process of determining the
 potential success of this proposed land redistribution project. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-254 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: community expectations, land redistribution, land reform, Ekaluka Farmers' Association, Mpumalanga, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570070 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570070 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:241-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Author-Name: Andres Merino de la Nuez 
Author-X-Name-First: Andres Merino 
Author-X-Name-Last: de la Nuez 
Author-Name: Teresa Carmichael 
Author-X-Name-First: Teresa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carmichael 
Title: Creating job satisfaction in Africa: A case study from Mozambique 
Abstract:
  How to set up successful multicultural human resource management
 programmes remains a contentious issue. This study examined variables that
 influenced job satisfaction in the workforce of a multinational company
 operating in Mozambique. It took a mixed methods approach and analysed
 case study data using a combination of content, thematic, descriptive and
 statistical techniques. The results indicate that the level of job
 satisfaction of these employees was comparable to that of employees in
 former Soviet Bloc countries; however, it varied significantly across
 levels of employee. The results also demonstrate that, to be more
 successful, 'foreign' management practices should be adapted to the local
 culture and, further, that humanism in the African workplace can
 positively mediate a traditional instrumentalist rewards system. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 255-269 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: job satisfaction, human resource management, Mozambique, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570072 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570072 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:255-269




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Teclah Khumalo 
Author-X-Name-First: Teclah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khumalo 
Author-Name: Hettie Schonfeldt 
Author-X-Name-First: Hettie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schonfeldt 
Author-Name: Hester Vermeulen 
Author-X-Name-First: Hester 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeulen 
Title: Consumer acceptability and perceptions of maize meal in Giyani, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This study examined the acceptability and perceptions of traditionally
 prepared maize meal porridge, cooked from commercial roller-mill white
 maize meal and hammer-mill white and yellow maize meal (with and without
 fibre), among female Tsonga consumers in Giyani in Limpopo Province, South
 Africa. The study used sensory evaluation tests, followed by focus group
 discussions to gather supportive information about consumer attitudes,
 perceptions and practices regarding the consumption of maize meal porridge
 prepared from these maize meal types. Giyani consumers preferred
 commercial roller-mill white sifted fortified and white super-fortified
 maize meal, but, contrary to popular belief, were also willing to accept
 hammer-mill yellow maize meal, mainly for its nutritional value. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 271-281 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: maize meal porridge, sensory evaluation, perceptions, consumer acceptance, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570074 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570074 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:271-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilna Oldewage-Theron 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oldewage-Theron 
Author-Name: Carin Napier 
Author-X-Name-First: Carin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Napier 
Title: Nutrition education tools for primary school children in the Vaal region 
Abstract:
  South Africa's high prevalence of malnutrition severely affects
 children's well-being and ability to learn. According to the World Bank,
 malnutrition is found in households from all spheres of life, since
 caregivers are not well informed about healthy food choices and feeding
 practices. A long-term solution to the problem is to encourage people to
 grow food and improve their incomes, but a quicker solution is to provide
 health and nutrition education and services to encourage healthy food
 choices. This paper describes the development of nutrition education tools
 (NETs) as part of a nutrition education programme for primary school
 children (Grades 1 to 3) from low-income households in South Africa. The
 study used the Food and Agriculture Organization's framework for nutrition
 education to develop simple, cost-effective, appropriate and applicable
 NETs. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 283-292 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: primary school children, nutrition education, nutrition education material, nutrition education programme, nutrition education tools, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570075 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570075 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:283-292




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoliswa Shasha 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoliswa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shasha 
Author-Name: Myra Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Author-Name: Siyabonga Dlamini 
Author-X-Name-First: Siyabonga 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dlamini 
Author-Name: Colleen Aldous-Mycock 
Author-X-Name-First: Colleen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aldous-Mycock 
Title: A situational analysis for the implementation of the National School Health Policy in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  The South African National School Health Policy was launched in 2003 to
 improve pupils' health by linking school visits by nurses and other health
 providers with the intersectoral collaboration required for health
 promoting schools. In KwaZulu-Natal, the policy required that various
 parties collaborate in order to ensure the successful implementation of
 the policy. This study examines the status of provincial departments and
 district level groups and their capacity to contribute to this
 partnership. It is a situational analysis that includes interviews, a
 questionnaire and focus group discussions. The results reveal issues that
 need addressing before the policy can be successfully implemented,
 including staffing, transport for the School Health Teams and further
 training of these teams and the teachers. Given the health issues faced by
 South Africans, especially the quadruple burden of disease, it is
 imperative that the School Health Policy be comprehensively implemented in
 KwaZulu-Natal. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 293-303 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Keywords: school health policy, health promoting schools, KwaZulu-Natal, 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.570077 
File-URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2011.570077 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:2:p:293-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scarlett Cornelissen 
Author-X-Name-First: Scarlett 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornelissen 
Author-Name: Urmilla Bob 
Author-X-Name-First: Urmilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bob 
Author-Name: Kamilla Swart 
Author-X-Name-First: Kamilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart 
Title: Sport mega-events and their legacies: The 2010 FIFA World Cup 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 305-306 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595988 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595988 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:305-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scarlett Cornelissen 
Author-X-Name-First: Scarlett 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornelissen 
Author-Name: Urmilla Bob 
Author-X-Name-First: Urmilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bob 
Author-Name: Kamilla Swart 
Author-X-Name-First: Kamilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart 
Title: Towards redefining the concept of legacy in relation to sport mega-events: Insights from the 2010 FIFA World Cup 
Abstract:
  Increasingly, governments from both the developed and developing world
 look to hosting sport mega-events as a way to stimulate development. There
 is much debate over what the legacies of sport mega-events are, how to
 stimulate positive legacies and how they should be studied. Drawing on a
 growing body of scholarship on legacy best and worst practice, this
 article discusses the economic, physical, infrastructural, social,
 political and environmental consequences of sport mega-events, using
 insights from South Africa's hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It
 examines pertinent debates, highlights prominent approaches to assessing
 legacy impacts, notes the lack of consensus on the meaning of
 &#x2018;legacy&#x2019;, and suggests steps towards a clear definition of
 the concept. These include the need to consider event impacts in relation
 to the context in which they occur, and to integrate triple bottom-line
 principles systematically into mega-event planning, design and evaluation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 307-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595990 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595990 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:307-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Author-Name: Krige Siebrits 
Author-X-Name-First: Krige 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siebrits 
Author-Name: Karly Spronk 
Author-X-Name-First: Karly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spronk 
Title: Tourist displacement in two South African sport mega-events 
Abstract:
  Crowding-out (or displacement) of non-event visitors has received little
 attention in the literature on the impact of sports events, largely
 because it cannot be measured accurately. This paper discusses such
 effects in conceptual terms and reports the results of an analysis of data
 on tourist arrivals in South Africa aimed at estimating the displacement
 effects of two sports events held in 2009: the Indian Premier League
 cricket tournament and the British and Irish Lions rugby tour. Using
 monthly tourist arrivals in South Africa from specific countries, we find
 that some tourists from countries not participating in these events were
 displaced; the much stronger effect, however, was that tourists from the
 participating countries re-arranged their visits to coincide with an
 event. While confirming the inherent difficulty of measuring crowding-out
 effects, this paper shows that characteristics of events can sometimes be
 exploited to obtain useful information on displacement from readily
 available data. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 319-332 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595991 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595991 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:319-332




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christoph Haferburg 
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Haferburg 
Title: South Africa under FIFA's reign: The World Cup's contribution to urban development 
Abstract:
  When South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the move to stage this
 mega-event at the southern tip of the African continent was lauded as a
 timely acknowledgement of the growing importance of the &#x2018;global
 south&#x2019;. Most of the fears that had been raised before the kick-off
 proved immaterial once the event was under way. Nine host cities enjoyed
 the international spotlight; the new and revamped stadiums were the focus
 of the media. Behind the scenes, however, more infrastructure had to be
 created, locational decisions taken and structures of governance honed.
 That this process was thoroughly influenced by FIFA's wishes can be
 demonstrated by focusing on a few strategic elements, such as the site
 selection for stadiums and fan parks. The findings in this article sustain
 the dominant argument in mega-event research: urban development and
 governance in the host cities are severely affected by these events. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 333-348 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595992 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595992 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:333-348




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stan du Plessis 
Author-X-Name-First: Stan 
Author-X-Name-Last: du Plessis 
Author-Name: Wolfgang Maennig 
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maennig 
Title: The 2010 FIFA World Cup high-frequency data economics: Effects on international tourism and awareness for South Africa 
Abstract:
  The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa was undoubtedly a great
 experience for both soccer fans and their South African hosts, and focused
 unprecedented and favourable media attention on South Africa. Despite the
 tournament's manifest success, however, its short-term impact on
 international tourism to South Africa, in the form of immediate positive
 effects on the economy, has turned out to be much smaller than expected or
 even as reported during the tournament -- as this paper shows, using
 high-frequency daily data on tourism. This sobering outcome may be
 attributable to self-defeating expectation effects and this paper is a
 warning against overly optimistic economic impact studies which could
 undermine the short-term benefits of major sporting events. The paper also
 investigates the awareness effects of sport mega-events, and potential
 long-term development effects, by using data from electronic social
 networks. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 349-365 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595994 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595994 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:349-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Holger Preuss 
Author-X-Name-First: Holger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Preuss 
Title: A method for calculating the crowding-out effect in sport mega-event impact studies: The 2010 FIFA World Cup 
Abstract:
  Tourist expenditures constituted the largest part of the economic impact
 of South Africa's 2010 FIFA Football World Cup. However, limited air
 transport capacity and increased accommodation prices may have led to
 crowding-out effects. Until now, crowding-out could only be considered by
 using econometric modelling based on data of inbound arrival or
 accommodation statistics. This paper suggests a methodology for measuring
 the crowding-out effect precisely. It is based on the available statistics
 in South Africa and is applicable at province level. An important
 innovation is to distinguish crowding-out from time-switching effects. The
 paper explains the theoretical framework of crowding-out as part of impact
 measurement, discusses the technical problem of assessing crowding-out,
 and supplies formulae for calculating this effect. Although this is a
 study of the 2010 FIFA World Cup 2010 specifically, the methodology
 described here is appropriate for calculating the impacts of other
 mega-events. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 367-385 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595995 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595995 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:367-385




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Urmilla Bob 
Author-X-Name-First: Urmilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bob 
Author-Name: Mbali Majola 
Author-X-Name-First: Mbali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majola 
Title: Rural community perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup: The Makhowe community in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
  More developing countries are now bidding for and hosting mega-events.
 However, it is unclear whether the legacies of a sport mega-event will
 benefit the host country's rural citizens. This is a particularly
 neglected area of research on mega-events. Rural communities in South
 Africa remain marginalised and often impoverished. This study assesses
 rural community members' perceptions of the costs and benefits of South
 Africa's hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It looks at the impacts they
 anticipated and how they would like to have participated in and benefited
 from the event. The responses of 100 households in Makhowe in rural
 KwaZulu-Natal show that this community generally supported South Africa's
 hosting of the event and expected direct benefits. Both negative and
 positive experiences and legacies were anticipated. It is recommended that
 partnerships be leveraged with game parks to enhance opportunities for
 rural communities and that further research should be conducted. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 387-399 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595999 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595999 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:387-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabelo   J Ndlovu-Gatsheni 
Author-X-Name-First: Sabelo   J 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu-Gatsheni 
Title: Pan-Africanism and the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article explores how South Africa's 2010 hosting of the FIFA World
 Cup became an occasion to try to deepen nationalism and pan-Africanism in
 the midst of contending discourses that emphasised the economic and
 developmental meaning of the mega-event. The article uses Michael Billig's
 concept of &#x2018;banal nationalism&#x2019; in combination with the Essex
 discourse approach to make sense of competing perspectives on the meanings
 of the World Cup. Its central thesis is that this meaning cannot be
 understood outside a history of a society emerging from apartheid
 oppression and racism and aspiring to be a nation and a developed state.
 The discourse approach makes it possible to read the World Cup as a social
 and political construction and assists in understanding different subject
 positions that human agents take up in order to make sense of the event
 within a society whose national cohesiveness is fragile. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 401-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595996 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595996 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:401-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kamilla Swart 
Author-X-Name-First: Kamilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart 
Author-Name: Urmilla Bob 
Author-X-Name-First: Urmilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bob 
Author-Name: Brendon Knott 
Author-X-Name-First: Brendon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knott 
Author-Name: Mushfieqah Salie 
Author-X-Name-First: Mushfieqah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salie 
Title: A sport and sociocultural legacy beyond 2010: A case study of the Football Foundation of South Africa 
Abstract:
  This study investigated the sport development and social legacy of the
 2010 FIFA World Cup. It assessed the impact of an event-themed legacy
 project on Gansbaai, a non-host, small-town community in the Western Cape,
 South Africa. The Football Foundation of South Africa (FFSA) was
 established to capitalise on the increased excitement about football as a
 result of the 2010 mega-event, aiming to leave a sport and social
 development legacy in a region that might not otherwise directly benefit.
 The FFSA embarked on a project to accelerate social change and community
 integration in a racially divided community through sport. The short-term
 results indicate that the community has experienced an increased level of
 intangible legacies, such as youth development, social integration and
 community pride. The FFSA is leaving a sport and social legacy for the
 community beyond 2010. It will be necessary to monitor the impacts on a
 more long-term basis. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 415-428 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.595997 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.595997 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:3:p:415-428




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milla McLachlan 
Author-X-Name-First: Milla 
Author-X-Name-Last: McLachlan 
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Title: Theme issue on food security 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 429-430 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605558 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605558 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:429-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wayne Twine 
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Twine 
Author-Name: Lori   Mae Hunter 
Author-X-Name-First: Lori   Mae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter 
Title: Adult mortality and household food security in rural South Africa: Does AIDS represent a unique mortality shock? 
Abstract:
  HIV/AIDS has been described as a household shock distinct from others
 faced by rural households. This study examines this characterisation by
 analysing the impact of an adult HIV/AIDS-related death on household food
 security, compared with households experiencing either no mortality or a
 sudden non-HIV/AIDS adult death. The research is based in the Agincourt
 Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in rural South Africa, and
 focuses on a sample of 290 households stratified by experience of a recent
 prime-age adult death. HIV/AIDS-related mortality was associated with
 reduced household food security. However, much of this negative
 association also characterised households experiencing a non-HIV/AIDS
 mortality. In addition, other household characteristics, especially
 socioeconomic status, were strong determinants of food security regardless
 of mortality experience. We therefore recommend that development policy
 and interventions aimed at enhancing food security target vulnerable
 households broadly, rather than solely targeting those directly affected
 by HIV/AIDS mortality. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 431-444 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605559 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605559 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:431-444




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Leiman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leiman 
Author-Name: Alexander Behar 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Behar 
Title: A green revolution betrayed? Seed technology and small-scale maize farmers in Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
  Since the 1960s both large- and small-scale Zimbabwean maize farmers have
 been replacing open pollinated varieties (OPVs) with locally developed
 hybrids. By the 1990s, most were buying hybrid seed, though the adoption
 rates of new seed types were slowing. With the collapse of the Zimbabwean
 economy many small farmers returned to planting OPVs and saving seed, not
 only because hybrid seed was unavailable but also as a rational response
 to economic risks. Initially these risks were tied to Zimbabwe's economic
 structural adjustment programme, which cut extension services, reduced
 short-term credit and destabilised maize prices. Subsequently risks
 increased as land invasions on seed producing farms forced the importation
 of seeds with which small-scale farmers were unfamiliar, and when
 escalating inflation precluded the use of money as a store of value.
 Control of inflation, better marketing and restored supplies of local seed
 should see restored planting of hybrid seed. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 445-460 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605560 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605560 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:445-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tebogo   B Seleka 
Author-X-Name-First: Tebogo   B 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seleka 
Author-Name: Jos�   C Jackson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jos�   C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson 
Author-Name: Letsogile Batsetswe 
Author-X-Name-First: Letsogile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Batsetswe 
Author-Name: Pinkie   G Kebakile 
Author-X-Name-First: Pinkie   G 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kebakile 
Title: Small-scale milling and the feasibility of mandatory fortification of sorghum and maize flour in Botswana 
Abstract:
  In Botswana, as in many developing countries, food fortification is a
 potential strategy for addressing the malnutrition of low income groups.
 This article examines the potential costs of mandatory fortification of
 sorghum and maize flour for firms in Botswana. The results indicate that
 unit average fortification costs in pula per metric ton of flour range
 from 183 to 271, 118 to 170 and 103 to 149 (US$1&#x2009;=&#x2009;P6.4 in
 2007), respectively, for a typical small, medium and large firm. It is
 argued that the imposition of mandatory fortification may be feasible for
 large and perhaps some medium firms. However, small and (some) medium
 firms, are likely to collapse and exit the industry as a result of such
 action. A potentially realistic and sustainable option for small firms
 would be to consolidate so as to increase their scale of operation and
 avoid absolute collapse. However, public funding may be required to
 support such consolidation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 461-476 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605561 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605561 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:461-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margarida Faria 
Author-X-Name-First: Margarida 
Author-X-Name-Last: Faria 
Author-Name: Edward Mabaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabaya 
Author-Name: Danie Jordaan 
Author-X-Name-First: Danie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan 
Title: Markets for marama beans in southern Africa: Linking sustainable products with sustainable livelihoods 
Abstract:
  Indigenous natural food plants are critical to rural livelihoods,
 especially in arid and semi-arid regions where they contribute
 significantly to food security and social and economic welfare. The
 sustainability of these plants is therefore of paramount importance. This
 paper analyses the market conditions for marama bean (<italic>Tylosema
 esculentum</italic>) products, taking into account economic, social and
 cultural conditions. Information on local livelihoods was gathered through
 focus groups and in-depth interviews with key informants in Botswana,
 South Africa and Namibia. The market analysis for marama products was
 conducted using an STP (segment, target, position) framework, and
 willingness to pay for prototype products was evaluated using the
 contingent valuation method to analyse structured questionnaires directed
 at retail outlets. The study found that assuring the sustainability of
 local people's livelihoods while creating a larger market is only
 achievable through community organisations supported by a broad marketing
 strategy and using cultivated marama. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-492 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605566 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605566 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:477-492




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Estelle Bi�nabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Estelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bi�nabe 
Author-Name: Hester Vermeulen 
Author-X-Name-First: Hester 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeulen 
Title: Improving smallholders' market participation: Insights from a business scheme for maize in Limpopo Province, South Africa 
Abstract:
  It is widely acknowledged that lack of market participation and limited
 access to agricultural services contribute to keeping semi-subsistence
 farmers trapped in poverty. This paper discusses the potential of an
 innovative business scheme to enhance smallholders' situations by
 providing access to an integrated service provision scheme. The authors
 conducted an integrated analysis of farmers' production, consumption and
 processing patterns using case-based evidence. While confirming that the
 presence of rural depots can improve smallholders' access to services,
 they also highlight some drawbacks of private intervention and show the
 importance of taking into account the diversity of economic and social
 factors when designing smallholder support instruments. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 493-507 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605567 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605567 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:493-507




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen   O Shisanya 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen   O 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shisanya 
Author-Name: Sheryl   L Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl   L 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Title: The contribution of community gardens to food security in the Maphephetheni uplands 
Abstract:
  Although community gardens are widely promoted, very little empirical
 evidence exists of their contribution to food security. This study
 evaluated the contribution of community gardens to alleviating food
 insecurity for 53 community gardeners in Maphephetheni, KwaZulu-Natal,
 South Africa. Using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, it was
 found that 89% of these households were anxious about food supplies,
 consumed insufficient food and were severely food insecure. In addition,
 72% consumed poor quality food. Community gardens were unable to solve the
 problem of food insecurity, but their contribution to consumption cannot
 be entirely ignored. Improved productivity and appropriate agricultural
 and nutritional advice are necessary. Land availability needs to be
 addressed through community and other redress systems to grant communities
 access to less marginal and more accessible productive land close to
 water. Programmes to support non-farm income are needed and could provide
 incentives for increased production. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 509-526 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605568 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605568 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:509-526




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan   S Crush 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan   S 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush 
Author-Name: G   Bruce Frayne 
Author-X-Name-First: G   Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frayne 
Title: Urban food insecurity and the new international food security agenda 
Abstract:
  The new global and African food security agenda is overwhelmingly
 productionist and rural in its orientation, and is based on the premise
 that food insecurity is primarily a rural problem requiring a massive
 increase in smallholder production. This agenda is proceeding despite
 overwhelming evidence of rapid urbanisation and the growing likelihood of
 an urban future for the majority of Africans. Urban food insecurity can
 therefore no longer be ignored. This paper argues that achieving urban
 food security is the emerging development challenge for the 21st century
 and that the complexities of urban food systems urgently need to be
 addressed by researchers, policy makers, and international donors and
 multilateral agencies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 527-544 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605571 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605571 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:527-544




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jane Battersby 
Author-X-Name-First: Jane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Battersby 
Title: Urban food insecurity in Cape Town, South Africa: An alternative approach to food access 
Abstract:
  This paper presents data from the African Food Security Urban Network's
 2008 baseline survey of Cape Town. This survey found that 80% of the
 sampled households could be classified as moderately or severely food
 insecure. In urban areas the main driver of food insecurity is not
 availability but access. Access is typically viewed as being directly
 related to income. Households were found to use formal food markets, but
 more frequently depended on informal sector markets and informal social
 safety nets. The more food insecure and income poor a household was, the
 more likely it was to be dependent on less formal means of securing food.
 This suggests that there is some form of market failure in the formal food
 system. This paper therefore advocates for a food systems approach that
 validates and supports the role that the informal sector plays in urban
 food security. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 545-561 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605572 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605572 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:545-561




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Candice Kelly 
Author-X-Name-First: Candice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly 
Author-Name: Jess Schulschenk 
Author-X-Name-First: Jess 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schulschenk 
Title: Assessing the vulnerability of Stellenbosch's food system and possibilities for a local food economy 
Abstract:
  Food insecurity is high in Stellenbosch, despite a strong agricultural
 context. While the causes are complex, it is clear that the situation will
 be worsened by the effects of climate change and the end of cheap oil on
 the unstable global food system. This research compiled existing
 statistical information to present an overview of the current status of
 food production, distribution and consumption in Stellenbosch to determine
 key vulnerabilities and opportunities to strengthen resilience. The region
 produces predominantly wine grapes and fruit for export, while relying on
 imported produce for consumption. Key vulnerabilities of the food system
 were identified as: focus on wine production for export, dominance of
 large-scale commercial agriculture, proliferation of conventional farming
 methods, long value chains, dominance of national retailers, food
 insecurity and poor nutrition. Suggestions are made for increasing the
 localisation of the food system to address inequities and increase
 resilience to the polycrisis. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 563-578 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605575 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605575 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:563-578




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Author-Name: Stephanie Giamporcaro 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giamporcaro 
Author-Name: David Johnston 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston 
Author-Name: Schirin Yachkaschi 
Author-X-Name-First: Schirin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yachkaschi 
Title: The role of business and cross-sector collaboration in addressing the &#x2018;wicked problem&#x2019; of food insecurity 
Abstract:
  There is growing interest in the potential for business to make proactive
 contributions to food security, particularly as part of some form of
 cross-sector collaboration. Such collaboration can improve value chain
 efficiency and may also begin to address some of the &#x2018;wicked
 problem&#x2019; characteristics of food insecurity. Our interviews
 conducted during the food price crisis in 2008 confirm that a broad
 cross-section of stakeholders agree that the crisis has cyclical and
 systemic causes and that it has serious implications for business. We also
 describe a range of related initiatives already being implemented by
 companies. There is a degree of ambivalence about the feasibility of
 improved collaboration, given competitive pressures and concerns about
 compliance with competition laws. Nevertheless, a number of respondents
 emphasised the need for improved collaboration on particular issues and
 the paper identifies a number of these, some of which have since been
 targeted in a multi-stakeholder initiative, the Southern Africa Food Lab,
 that builds on this (and other) research. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 579-594 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.605581 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.605581 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:4:p:579-594




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Janis Grobbelaar 
Author-X-Name-First: Janis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar 
Author-Name: Kammila Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kammila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Title: Development, inequality and social justice in southern Africa 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 595-596 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623904 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623904 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:595-596




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Puttergill 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Puttergill 
Author-Name: Nolunkcwe Bomela 
Author-X-Name-First: Nolunkcwe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bomela 
Author-Name: Janis Grobbelaar 
Author-X-Name-First: Janis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar 
Author-Name: Khumisho Moguerane 
Author-X-Name-First: Khumisho 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moguerane 
Title: The limits of land restitution: Livelihoods in three rural communities in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Land restitution is a powerful symbol of redressing the trauma and
 dispossession many Africans experienced historically. However, everyday
 material constraints limit the possibilities of how restored land is used,
 resulting in continued alienation of African rural households from land.
 This paper focuses on three rural communities in South Africa that are
 recent beneficiaries of post-1994 land restitution. Social conditions in
 these communities create a context in which decisions on how restored land
 should be used, especially the tendency towards commercial farming
 enterprises, remain unchallenged by ordinary people. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 597-611 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623921 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623921 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:597-611




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kolawole   E Omomowo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kolawole   E 
Author-X-Name-Last: Omomowo 
Title: The changing nature of work: The creation of a &#x2018;working poor&#x2019; population in post-apartheid South Africa 
Abstract:
  The post-apartheid South African broad socioeconomic policy of economic
 growth, social justice and poverty alleviation will arguably suffer a
 setback if the growing rate of atypical employment is left unattended.
 Atypical (subcontracting) employment undermines job security and income
 levels and this breeds poverty. Labour law and workers' organisations are
 undermined by this flexible regime of capital accumulation, which can be
 viewed from the perspective of Marxist <italic>r�gulation</italic> theory
 and the notion of workers' structural and associational power. While
 &#x2018;symbolic leverage&#x2019; is a useful and significant concept to
 help in understanding the regaining of workers' power at the margins, it
 is imperative that we start thinking of other complementary means of
 engaging with the assault on the social reproduction of the affected
 workers. Social justice seems to provide the core answer; however, the
 norms of the society should form its basis. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 613-626 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623906 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623906 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:613-626




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kammila Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kammila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Title: Poverty and socio-political transition: Perceptions in four racially demarcated residential sites in Gauteng 
Abstract:
  In the period preceding the May 2011 municipal elections there was
 speculation in the South African media about how widespread
 dissatisfaction with economic insecurity and poor service delivery would
 affect voting behaviour. The popular protests that occur intermittently
 are symptoms of a deep structural malady: the prevalence of chronic
 poverty in the context of a widening gap between South Africa's rich and
 poor. State officials keep pointing to the cushioning effects of social
 grants and poverty alleviation initiatives, but critics argue that poor
 state performance and failure to include communities in political
 processes are holding back socioeconomic development. This article
 discusses recent research on economic hardship and the &#x2018;politics of
 the poor&#x2019; in four residential sites in the vicinity of Pretoria.
 The data reveal grassroots perceptions of poverty and vulnerability and
 the coalescing and contradictory political discourses across racial
 divides. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 627-639 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623909 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623909 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:627-639




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liela Groenewald 
Author-X-Name-First: Liela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Groenewald 
Title: Progress towards Millennium Development Goals? Strategies for housing and informal settlement in Gauteng, South Africa 
Abstract:
  The housing delivery plans of the South African province of Gauteng and
 two of its metropolitan municipalities broadly respond to Millennium
 Development Goals (MDGs) for improving the lives of slum dwellers and
 eradicating poverty. This paper evaluates some South African responses to
 the MDGs by considering the housing delivery and settlement upgrading
 plans of the provincial and local authorities for two major cities in
 Gauteng. In the face of pressure to demonstrate progress in meeting the
 MDGs, public servants have resorted to devising strategies that will
 present a positive picture. These include semantic changes such as
 subscribing to a narrow definition of informality as illegality and
 shifting responsibility away from particular organs of the state and onto
 residents, the private sector and other spheres of state. These strategies
 are unlikely to bring significant improvement to the lives of poor people
 living in informal settlements. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 641-651 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623912 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623912 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:641-651




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andries Bezuidenhout 
Author-X-Name-First: Andries 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bezuidenhout 
Author-Name: S&#xF8;ren Jeppesen 
Author-X-Name-First: S&#xF8;ren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jeppesen 
Title: Between market, state and society: Labour codes of conduct in the southern African garment industry 
Abstract:
  This paper compares the way garment factory workers in South Africa,
 Swaziland and Lesotho experience the interaction between mechanisms for
 inspecting labour codes of conduct and government functions and trade
 unions. In South Africa and Swaziland there was little awareness of the
 potential impact of such instruments on working conditions. In Lesotho,
 where there is a high profile campaign, workers are more aware of the
 codes, but confusion over who visitors to factories are, and corporate
 whitewash, limit the impact of instruments. In all three countries workers
 perceived the impact of codes of conduct on labour rights as negligible.
 This differed between firms, with workers in firms supplying to the higher
 end of the South African market being more positive. Given the absence of
 coherent global governance of trade in the garment industry, codes of
 conduct will remain an inadequate response to the abuse of workers'
 rights, worldwide and in southern Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 653-668 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623923 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623923 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:653-668




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agostino   M Zamberia 
Author-X-Name-First: Agostino   M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zamberia 
Title: HIV-related stigma and access to health care among people living with HIV in Swaziland 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the effect that HIV-related stigma has on access to
 health care among people living with HIV in Swaziland. Drawing on an
 analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, it describes
 the difficulties they encounter in accessing antiretroviral medication and
 the requisite care and support, and explores the experiences and
 perspectives of these people and their caregivers. It documents the way
 stigmatisation makes it difficult for people living with HIV to access
 essential health care services. The findings suggest that if
 antiretroviral therapy programmes are to succeed, they must not only
 address the issue of resource scarcity but also tackle the challenge of
 stigmatisation and establish adequate care and support systems for these
 people in their families and communities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 669-680 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623914 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623914 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:669-680




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kammila Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Kammila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Author-Name: Rachel Matsie 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsie 
Author-Name: Angela Ochse 
Author-X-Name-First: Angela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ochse 
Title: &#x2018;Resting&#x2019;, AIDS-affliction and marital constraints: Engendered livelihood issues in the aftermath of Lesotho mineworker retrenchments 
Abstract:
  Since the late 1990s retrenched Basotho mineworkers have been returning
 in steady numbers to the rural areas of Lesotho. While marital and
 household relations have been rekindled in the process, there is currently
 much curiosity about how the large-scale presence of men in rural areas is
 reconfiguring married women's livelihood strategies and their striving for
 financial autonomy. The Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act of 2006 has
 been celebrated as a victory for married women, but customary practice and
 societal perceptions of the legitimacy of men's marital powers continue to
 restrict women's activities and livelihood efforts. This reflection on
 ethnographic research in Mafeteng, Lesotho, illustrates key constraints,
 in particular gender ideologies and debilitating health conditions that
 aggravate rural households' economic crises. It is argued that more
 institutional interventions are required in order to socialise the values
 and promote the cause of gender equality between married partners and to
 tackle persisting familial and cultural impediments affecting women's
 lives. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 681-689 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623925 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623925 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:681-689




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cawo   Mohamed Abdi 
Author-X-Name-First: Cawo   Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdi 
Title: Moving beyond xenophobia: Structural violence, conflict and encounters with the &#x2018;other&#x2019; Africans 
Abstract:
  This paper examines conflict and cooperation between South Africans and
 Somali spaza shop owners in townships and informal settlements in the
 context of post-apartheid structural inequities. I argue that Somali and
 other poor newcomers suffer the same daily insecurity as the majority of
 the population. However, with the exception of the concerted killings,
 lootings and displacement of migrants in 2008--2009, this Somali case
 shows that contact between newcomers and local people is not always
 antagonistic and that newcomers are not passive victims of violence, but
 rather engage successfully in both competition and collaboration to cement
 their presence in these areas. I conclude that violence against migrants
 is rooted in South Africa's continuing structural violence and communal
 crisis, a condition characterised by tensions with compatriots as well as
 with newcomers. To solve the problem, attention must be paid to the
 persistence of this structural violence in the post-apartheid political
 dispensation. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 691-704 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623916 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623916 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:691-704




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pragna Rugunanan 
Author-X-Name-First: Pragna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rugunanan 
Author-Name: Ria Smit 
Author-X-Name-First: Ria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smit 
Title: Seeking refuge in South Africa: Challenges facing a group of Congolese and Burundian refugees 
Abstract:
  The existence of a relatively large refugee population in South Africa
 has stimulated important research in the field of forced migration
 studies. This paper is based on the findings of a qualitative study among
 refugees living in Sunnyside, Pretoria, who originally came from central
 African countries. The study sheds light on the refugees' perceptions and
 experiences with regard to, inter alia, their daily lives and survival
 strategies. The findings from focus groups and in-depth structured
 interviews with a sample of 10 women from the focus group suggest that the
 refugees are constantly worried about their daily survival. Issues of
 subsistence, shelter, protection against crime and eviction, and the
 ongoing threat of xenophobia, weigh heavily on their minds.
 Recommendations include a more integrative approach by all stakeholders to
 ensure that refugees and asylum seekers are managed within a human rights
 based framework. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 705-718 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 28 
Year: 2011 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2011.623919 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2011.623919 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:28:y:2011:i:5:p:705-718




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne   S Ulriksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne   S 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulriksen 
Title: How social security policies and economic transformation affect poverty and inequality: Lessons for South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article examines how various characteristics of social and economic
 policy frameworks affect poverty and inequality levels in developing
 countries, principally in Botswana and Mauritius. The research findings
 suggest that poverty and inequality are lower in countries with generous
 and broad-based -- rather than pro-poor -- social security policies, and
 where social policies are complemented by economic policies promoting
 economic transformation rather than mere economic growth. While South
 Africa's challenges of combating poverty and inequality are shaped by its
 own historical context, the lessons from other countries offer the
 opportunity to reflect on the social consequences of various social and
 economic policy mixtures. In particular, it may be worth considering how
 to bridge the divide between the economically productive contributors to
 social security policies and the economically marginalised beneficiaries
 of such policies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645637 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645637 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:3-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isobel Frye 
Author-X-Name-First: Isobel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frye 
Author-Name: Mari� Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Mari� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Theme issue on poverty and inequality in South Africa 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645595 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645595 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: Arden Finn 
Author-X-Name-First: Arden 
Author-X-Name-Last: Finn 
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Title: Describing and decomposing post-apartheid income inequality in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper describes the changes in inequality in South Africa over the
 post-apartheid period, using income data from 1993 and 2008. Having shown
 that the data are comparable over time, it then profiles aggregate changes
 in income inequality, showing that inequality has increased over the
 post-apartheid period because an increased share of income has gone to the
 top decile. Social grants have become much more important as sources of
 income in the lower deciles. However, income source decomposition shows
 that the labour market has been and remains the main driver of aggregate
 inequality. Inequality within each racial group has increased and both
 standard and new methodologies show that the contribution of between-race
 inequality has decreased. Both aggregate and within-group inequality are
 responding to rising unemployment and rising earnings inequality. Those
 who have neither access to social grants nor the education levels
 necessary to integrate successfully into a harsh labour market are
 especially vulnerable. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 19-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645639 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645639 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:19-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fiona Tregenna 
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tregenna 
Author-Name: Mfanafuthi Tsela 
Author-X-Name-First: Mfanafuthi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsela 
Title: Inequality in South Africa: The distribution of income, expenditure and earnings 
Abstract:
  This article empirically analyses the state of inequality in South
 Africa. International comparisons show South Africa to be among the most
 unequal countries in the world. The levels of income inequality and
 earnings inequality are analysed with a range of measures and methods. The
 results quantify the extremely high level of inequality in South Africa.
 Earnings inequality appears to be falling in recent years, with relative
 losses in the upper-middle parts of the earnings distribution. Decomposing
 income inequality by factor source reveals the importance of earnings in
 accounting for overall income inequality. The article concludes by
 observing that, internationally, significant sustained decreases in
 inequality rarely come about without policies aimed at achieving that, and
 suggests that strong policy interventions would be needed to reduce
 inequality in South Africa to levels that are in the range typically found
 internationally. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 35-61 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645640 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645640 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:35-61




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Title: Smoke and mirrors? The science of poverty measurement and its application 
Abstract:
  Measures of poverty are much used, but also much criticised as having
 limited value in debates on public resource allocation. Some argue that
 the measures are too conservative and do little more than complicate
 important issues of inequality and injustice. However, poverty measurement
 can be sensitive to these concerns if grounded in the field's
 well-developed theoretical foundation. In South Africa, poverty measures
 over more than 50 years have consistently taken into account
 distributional issues and the causes and implications of deprivation, and
 most South African analyses of poverty have recognised and incorporated
 the multi-dimensional nature of poverty. Recognising different perceptions
 of aggregation, time horizon and the role of states and markets is perhaps
 more important than methodology when assessing what poverty measures can
 contribute. With proper theorisation, and attention paid to the purpose of
 poverty diagnostics, measurement is more than sleight-of-hand and can
 provide both a tool for advocacy and a means to implement policies that
 promote greater social justice. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 63-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645641 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645641 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:63-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Author-Name: Morne Oosthuizen 
Author-X-Name-First: Morne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosthuizen 
Author-Name: Carlene van der Westhuizen 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Westhuizen 
Title: Estimating a poverty line: An application to free basic municipal services in South Africa 
Abstract:
  One of the key interventions aimed at improving the welfare of South
 African households has been local government's provision of a package of
 free basic municipal services to poor households. It is, however, not
 completely clear how different municipalities identify households that are
 eligible for these services. Evidence suggests that many municipalities
 currently provide services to all households with a monthly income of less
 than R1500 a month. This &#x2018;free basic services poverty line&#x2019;
 is, however, low in comparison with a number of unofficial poverty lines
 used by policymakers and researchers in South Africa. This paper considers
 the impact of increasing the value of the free basic services line, in
 terms of the additional share and number of households eligible for
 support and the additional financial cost. We find that urban
 municipalities would face the steepest increases in their free basic
 services budgets with any potential increase in the free basic services
 poverty line. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 77-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645643 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645643 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:77-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Author-Name: Michael Rogan 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan 
Title: Gendered trends in poverty in the post-apartheid period, 1997--2006 
Abstract:
  This study investigates whether trends in the extent and depth of poverty
 in South Africa over the past decade have been gendered. We examine
 whether females are more likely to live in poor households than males and
 whether this has changed over time, and how poverty has changed for
 female-headed and male-headed households. We use data from the 1997 and
 1999 October Household Surveys and the 2004 and 2006 General Household
 Surveys, which have the advantage of collecting information on the
 individual receipt of social grant income. We find that although poverty
 rates have fallen for both males and females, and for male-headed and
 female-headed households, the decline has been larger for males and for
 male-headed households. Gender differences in poverty rates have therefore
 widened over the period. We show that these findings are robust to the
 possible underestimation of household income and to adjustments for
 household composition. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 97-113 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645645 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645645 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:97-113




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashley Westaway 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Westaway 
Title: Rural poverty in the Eastern Cape Province: Legacy of apartheid or consequence of contemporary segregationism? 
Abstract:
  Poverty in South Africa in general has not declined since 1994, and it is
 particularly severe in the former Bantustans. This paper discusses two
 important issues related to rural poverty in the Eastern Cape Province. It
 questions the applicability of the notion of legacy to explain recent
 trends in rural poverty and constructs an argument that explains these
 trends in relation to post-1994 segregationism. It argues that the notion
 of legacy is not useful in explaining why rural poverty remains
 entrenched, long after 1994. Rural poverty today cannot be explained as
 something left behind after the end of apartheid, because its causes and
 drivers are the same now in 2012 as they were in 1970. The continuity
 between the pre- and post-1994 periods is best described by exploring and
 understanding post-1994 policy decisions and power configurations as an
 expression of contemporary segregationism. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 115-125 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645646 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645646 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:115-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Author-Name: Eldridge Moses 
Author-X-Name-First: Eldridge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moses 
Title: How better targeting of social spending affects social delivery in South Africa 
Abstract:
  Social spending has become a major tool of targeting resources to South
 Africa's poor. The poor now get considerably more than their population
 share of social spending, but the underlying distribution of income is so
 skewed that overall post-fiscal inequality has not improved much.
 Concentration ratios and curves show considerable shifts in social
 spending incidence in the period 1995 to 2006. However, the efficiency of
 that spending is low, resulting in limited social outcomes and
 consequently also limited gains to the poor from better targeting. This
 paper therefore calls for the South African policy discussion to shift to
 why the ever-increasing fiscal inputs and improved targeting of those
 inputs have not produced the desired social outcomes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 127-139 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645647 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645647 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:127-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hayley McEwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Hayley 
Author-X-Name-Last: McEwen 
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Title: The fiscal cost of child grants in the context of high adult mortality in South Africa: A simulation to 2015 
Abstract:
  This paper investigates the expected costs of cash transfers to children
 in South Africa up to 2015. The child population is not expected to grow
 between 2008 and 2015 and thus the fiscal cost of the Child Support Grant
 is expected to stabilise in the near future. The other major child grant,
 the Foster Care Grant, is far less predictable -- while it is not intended
 to be an orphan grant, three quarters of its beneficiaries are orphans.
 Because of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the number of dual orphans is expected
 to double between 2008 and 2015, reaching 1.3 million, and the overall
 number of orphans (maternal, paternal and dual) to reach 4.8 million by
 2015. If the Foster Care Grant were to become a de facto orphan grant, its
 costs would escalate rapidly. The paper does not argue in favour of an
 orphan grant, but rather for greater effort in ensuring that the Child
 Support Grant reaches the neediest children, especially maternal orphans. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 141-156 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645648 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645648 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:141-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Defining and measuring informal employment in South Africa 
Abstract:
  There is limited consensus on how to define informal employment in South
 Africa, but in the South African and international literature the three
 most common ways of capturing informal employment are the enterprise,
 employment relationship and worker characteristics approaches. This paper
 reviews the methods used by Statistics South Africa to measure informal
 employment before and after the introduction of the Quarterly Labour Force
 Survey, and other recently proposed methods. It then investigates the
 congruence, if any, between five measures of informality used in 2009. It
 finds that 94.7% of the self-employed are informal according to at least
 one definition, but only 62.6% according to all five combined. In
 addition, these two proportions are only 67.7% and 6.9% respectively in
 the case of informal employees. Econometric analysis is conducted to
 further investigate the differences between these measures. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 157-175 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645649 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645649 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:157-175




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kate Philip 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Philip 
Title: The rationale for an employment guarantee in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article considers what would happen if unemployed people in South
 Africa had a right to a minimum level of regular work on decent terms. It
 looks at the example of India, where a law was passed in 2005 guaranteeing
 rural households up to 100 days of work a year at minimum wage rates. More
 than 55 million households now participate in this programme -- a rare
 example of a policy innovation bringing about significant change in a
 society. India's employment guarantee has important implications for
 social and economic policy and gives new meaning to the concept of
 &#x2018;a right to work&#x2019;. The article explores how structural
 inequality limits South Africa's development options, and considers early
 lessons from South Africa's Community Work Programme to make the case for
 an employment guarantee in South Africa. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 177-190 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645650 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645650 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:177-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas Spaull 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Spaull 
Title: The gospel according to Banerjee and Duflo 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 191-192 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.645653 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.645653 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:1:p:191-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leila Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Leila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Author-Name: Lauren Graham 
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham 
Title: How broad-based is broad-based black economic empowerment? 
Abstract:
  Common perceptions about broad-based black economic empowerment (BBBEE)
 have been that it is nothing more than a tool for the already affluent to
 access further wealth and has limited potential to address the economic
 exclusion of the most marginalised. An analysis was conducted of data on
 black economic empowerment (BEE) deals between 2004 and 2009. The findings
 demonstrate that although the elite continue to benefit from deals,
 broad-based beneficiaries, particularly employees and women, are also
 beginning to benefit to some extent. This suggests that empowerment
 policies have some potential to promote private sector involvement in
 addressing the state's social transformation agenda. However, a closer
 analysis of the BEE transactions shows that the BEE landscape is far more
 complex and nuanced than commonly thought. Further research is necessary
 to understand the real impacts of BEE on the ground. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 193-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675692 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675692 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:193-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ludwig Martin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ludwig 
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin 
Author-Name: David Root 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Root 
Title: Profiling emerging contractors for effective transformation in the South African construction sector 
Abstract:
  South Africa's construction industry is transforming. Its economy
 requires a wider base of contracting entities. Much of this growth is
 expected to be delivered by &#x2018;emerging&#x2019; contractors. Yet
 these companies face significant obstacles. Targeted interventions that
 foster companies need a better picture of these firms and their core
 members. A survey of the civil engineering sector, targeting emerging
 contractors, showed that the owners of these companies lack training and
 experience, and that there are gender-related differences. Classifications
 according to company turnover, contract sizes or employee numbers alone do
 not reflect circumstances. Combining these data with the core members'
 backgrounds gives a clearer picture. Most companies hover between the
 &#x2018;Existence&#x2019; and &#x2018;Survival&#x2019; stages of business
 development. Development initiatives that assume companies require
 knowledge must accommodate large cognitive distances between sender and
 receiver. Initiatives thus need to focus on the owners, considering the
 status and background of their companies. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 209-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675693 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675693 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:209-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Venter 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Venter 
Title: Entrepreneurial values, hybridity and entrepreneurial capital: Insights from Johannesburg's informal sector 
Abstract:
  This study explored entrepreneurial values in Johannesburg's informal
 sector. Using responses to open-ended questions in a survey of 359
 informal traders, the author analysed the way Western and indigenous
 (African) values mix to form hybrid values. The resulting understanding of
 hybridity makes it apparent that these traders exhibit both kinds of value
 in varying forms. In this paper the implications of the emergence of
 hybrid values, as a form of entrepreneurial capital, are explored using
 Bourdieu's notion of embodied capital. On this basis it is proposed that
 hybrid values are of material benefit to traders through conversion into
 other forms of capital, such as financial capital. More research is
 required, however, to investigate further how hybrid values translate into
 material gain in practice. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 225-239 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675694 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675694 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:225-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willemien Faling 
Author-X-Name-First: Willemien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Faling 
Author-Name: Johann   WN Tempelhoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann   WN 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tempelhoff 
Author-Name: Dewald van Niekerk 
Author-X-Name-First: Dewald 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk 
Title: Rhetoric or action: Are South African municipalities planning for climate change? 
Abstract:
  In 2008 the South African National Disaster Management Centre
 commissioned a study into measures taken by local municipalities to plan
 for climate change. Two areas were selected for their dissimilar climatic
 challenges: the //Khara Hais Municipality,1 a semi-desert area in the
 Northern Cape Province plagued by droughts and severe weather events, and
 the George Municipality, an area in the Western Cape Province plagued by
 droughts, the rising sea level and flash floods. It was found that despite
 South African laws and regulations requiring local government to take
 action to reduce the risk of disasters, planning for climate change is
 still no more than sophisticated rhetoric in the two municipalities. This
 lack of urgency can be ascribed to local municipalities having other more
 pressing developmental priorities. It would, however, be short-sighted of
 municipalities not to plan for climate change, as major setbacks in
 hard-won economic and social development follow a disaster.<fn
 id="FN0001">  -super-1The // spelling represents the click consonant in
 the Kxoe language that the name comes from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki///Khara_Hais_Local_Municipality">
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki///Khara_Hais_Local_Municipality</ext-link> 
 </fn>	
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675695 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675695 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:241-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Herbert Mwalukomo 
Author-X-Name-First: Herbert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwalukomo 
Author-Name: Zarina Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Zarina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Title: Chieftaincy and democratic local governance in rural South Africa: Natural resources management in QwaQwa 
Abstract:
  This paper examines the changing role of chieftaincy in relation to
 democratic institutions of local governance in QwaQwa in the Eastern Free
 State and in particular the implications for the management of natural
 resources. Referring to a case study of grass usage, the paper identifies
 the shift from chieftaincy to democratic local governance as one of the
 factors that have undermined the chiefs' control over the use of natural
 resources, as infrastructural development takes precedence over management
 of natural resources in municipal planning and service delivery. The
 ensuing absence of control over the use of grass broadly reflects the
 unclear institutional framework for natural resources management on
 communal land in rural South Africa. However, despite the power struggle
 that generally goes on between chiefs and elected councillors of QwaQwa,
 there is potential for building on areas of common interest to improve
 natural resources management in the area. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 259-272 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675696 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675696 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:259-272




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen 
Author-Name: Wame   L Hambira 
Author-X-Name-First: Wame   L 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hambira 
Author-Name: Julius Atlhopheng 
Author-X-Name-First: Julius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atlhopheng 
Author-Name: Haretsebe Manwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Haretsebe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manwa 
Title: Tourism industry reaction to climate change in Kgalagadi South District, Botswana 
Abstract:
  Climate change and adaptation have become major issues in contemporary
 tourism development and policy discussions, especially in southern Africa
 where the tourism industry is largely based on the natural environment and
 wildlife. Previous studies on tourism and climate change have mainly
 focused on the global north and snow-based winter tourism activities. This
 study aimed to fill the gap by examining tourism operators' perceptions of
 climate change in Kgalagadi South District, southwest Botswana, and
 looking at their adaptation strategies, if any. It was found that these
 operators were aware of the general impacts of climate change but most saw
 no impacts on the tourism industry and none recognised any impacts on
 their own operations. Most did, however, envisage challenges to future
 business growth and Botswana's tourism competitiveness. The perception
 that climate change did not currently have any impacts may explain why
 there were almost no adaptation strategies in place. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 273-285 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675697 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675697 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:273-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacinta Lemba 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacinta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemba 
Author-Name: Marijke D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Marijke 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Author-Name: Luc D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Author-Name: Aymen Frija 
Author-X-Name-First: Aymen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Frija 
Author-Name: Stijn Speelman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stijn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Speelman 
Title: Comparing the technical efficiency of farms benefiting from different agricultural interventions in Kenya's drylands 
Abstract:
  Farmers in Kenya's drylands have difficulty accessing farm production
 resources and in consequence farm productivity is low. It is therefore
 important to find strategies for improving access to these scarce
 resources to help farmers use them efficiently. This paper analyses and
 compares the technical efficiency of five groups of small farms affected
 by five different agricultural interventions. The aim of the study was to
 identify intervention strategies that significantly improve farm
 efficiency. Data envelopment analysis was used to compute farm-level
 average technical efficiencies for each of the intervention groups. The
 results showed that average technical efficiency was highest for the farms
 that had participated in an irrigation intervention. The findings suggest
 that the strategies promoted by this intervention, such as access to
 irrigation, inputs and markets, have the most significant effect on farm
 efficiency. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 287-301 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675698 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675698 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:287-301




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariam A T J Mapila 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariam A T J 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapila 
Author-Name: Johann   F Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann   F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Author-Name: Ferdinand Meyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinand 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer 
Title: The impact of agricultural innovation system interventions on rural livelihoods in Malawi 
Abstract:
  This study, conducted in central Malawi, assessed the way a research
 intervention using an agricultural innovation system affected rural
 livelihoods. Propensity score matching was used to establish one village
 as a control, against which the impact of the intervention on two study
 villages [0]could be measured. Using the Enabling Rural Innovation
 intervention as a case study, it was established that rural livelihood
 outcomes pertaining to crop and livestock production, household income,
 asset ownership and fertiliser use were significantly improved by this
 intervention. In-depth analysis, however, demonstrated that although the
 participating households had more robust livelihoods during the
 intervention, when the research programme was phased out the effect was
 reduced. The authors recommend that local agricultural extension officers
 should receive more capacity building and budgetary support to ensure
 proper understanding of agricultural innovation systems concepts and
 correct application so as to sustain their positive effects. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 303-315 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675699 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675699 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:303-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdelrasaq Na-Allah 
Author-X-Name-First: Abdelrasaq 
Author-X-Name-Last: Na-Allah 
Title: Social capability deficits and productivity behaviour of African manufacturing firms: Evidence from Lesotho garment producers 
Abstract:
  Despite attempts to induce strong competitiveness in African
 manufacturing firms, poor productivity performances continue to hinder
 their ability to operate successfully in international markets. This paper
 argues that, while many plausible explanations can be put forward for this
 failing, analysis of the firms' social and institutional contexts can
 provide useful insights into why they have continued to perform badly.
 Adopting the technological catch-up framework proposed by Abramovitz
 (1986), the paper uses the case of Lesotho garment producers to illustrate
 how an environment characterised by significant social capability deficits
 has a negative impact on local firms' competitiveness. Strategic
 interventions to improve the quality of infrastructural services
 deliveries are suggested as urgently needed remedial measures. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 317-334 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675700 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675700 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:317-334




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucky Madikiza 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucky 
Author-X-Name-Last: Madikiza 
Title: Embracing ICT for development 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 335-336 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675701 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675701 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:335-336




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John   A Mathews 
Author-X-Name-First: John   A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathews 
Author-Name: Sean Kidney 
Author-X-Name-First: Sean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kidney 
Title: Financing climate-friendly energy development through bonds 
Abstract:
  In this paper we review the various instruments that have been proposed
 and implemented for financing renewable energy and low-carbon technology
 projects, in both the developed and developing world, with a focus on
 private sector involvement. We consider their common features and compare
 their total impact so far with the scale of renewable energy funding
 likely to be needed over the next several decades, as estimated by such
 bodies as the International Energy Agency, which puts the amount at one
 trillion US dollars per year. An increase of this magnitude in the
 required financing provides opportunities for developing new financing
 instruments, based on what has been accomplished so far, and for regional
 development banks to be involved in the process, subject to sound risk
 management principles. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 337-349 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.675702 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.675702 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:2:p:337-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Gustafsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gustafsson 
Author-Name: Thabo Mabogoane 
Author-X-Name-First: Thabo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabogoane 
Title: South Africa's economics of education: A stocktaking and an agenda for the way forward 
Abstract:
  This paper reviews some of the existing economics of education literature
 from the perspective of South Africa's education policymaking needs. It
 also puts forward a suggested research agenda for future work. The review
 is arranged according to five areas of research: rates of return,
 production functions, teacher incentives, benefit incidence analysis and
 cross-country comparisons. Production functions, especially if translated
 to cost-effectiveness models, can point to important policy solutions.
 Teacher incentives is a policy area that is in need of a better
 theoretical and empirical basis. Rates of return are difficult for
 policymakers to interpret, but suggest a need for a qualification below
 the Grade 12 level. While benefit incidence analysis can demonstrate large
 improvements in the equity of public financing, cross-country comparisons
 reveal that not only is the distribution of schooling outcomes
 particularly unequal, on average it is well below what the country's level
 of development would predict. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 351-364 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706033 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706033 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:351-364




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Makina 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makina 
Title: Determinants of return migration intentions: Evidence from Zimbabwean migrants living in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper uses a dataset of Zimbabwean migrants living in South Africa
 to examine the determinants of the probability of their returning to their
 country of origin. It analyses migrants' return migration intentions using
 a logistic regression that examines 10 demographic and socioeconomic
 factors. Six factors -- reason for migrating, the number of dependants
 supported in the home country, the level of education, economic activity
 in the host country, the level of income and the duration of stay in the
 host country -- are found to be statistically significant determinants of
 the return migration intentions. The main policy implication of these
 findings is that the chances of attracting back skills are high if
 political and economic stability can be achieved. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 365-378 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706034 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706034 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:365-378




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Everisto Mapedza 
Author-X-Name-First: Everisto 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapedza 
Author-Name: Kim Geheb 
Author-X-Name-First: Kim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geheb 
Author-Name: Barbara van Koppen 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Koppen 
Author-Name: Jonathan Chisaka 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chisaka 
Title: Narratives from a wetland: Sustainable management in Lukanga, Zambia 
Abstract:
  Wetlands are a key livelihood resource in southern Africa. Historically
 they have been managed using local knowledge systems, but these systems
 have in many instances been undermined by colonial and postcolonial legal
 requirements. The IUCN's Ramsar initiative, supported by organisations
 such as BirdLife International and the WWF, seeks to protect wetland
 resources. This qualitative study examined the political ecology of the
 Kapukupuku and Waya areas of the Lukanga wetlands in Zambia, designated a
 Ramsar site. This designation has given rise to competing
 &#x2018;narratives&#x2019; by politicians and local community leaders over
 how Lukanga should be managed and used, and the resulting conflict is
 threatening its sustainability. The paper warns that the various parties'
 arguments are value-laden and that power asymmetry threatens to exclude
 poor local communities. Policy must take power interests into account to
 ensure that developments in the name of the poor really do benefit the
 poor. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 379-390 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706036 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706036 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:379-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Sinclair-Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Ken 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinclair-Smith 
Author-Name: Ivan Turok 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok 
Title: The changing spatial economy of cities: An exploratory analysis of Cape Town 
Abstract:
  The spatial economy of South African cities is generally believed to be
 experiencing selective deconcentration, which may exacerbate social
 inequality because of the physical disconnection between jobs and
 population. This paper assesses whether the locational pattern of economic
 activity across Cape Town is following this trajectory, using data from
 the Regional Service Council levies between 2001 and 2005. One of the main
 findings is that the city centre and areas close to the centre have
 maintained their economic dominance, therefore Cape Town remains a
 monocentric city. Yet the pattern of recent growth is more dispersed than
 the prior distribution because suburban nodes have gained a
 disproportionate share of new activity. In addition, the pattern of recent
 growth is skewed towards the high-income suburbs and away from the Cape
 Flats where most of the city's poor live. This uneven growth trajectory
 may be a source of concern for economic, social and environmental reasons. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 391-417 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706037 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706037 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:391-417




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anita Adendorff 
Author-X-Name-First: Anita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adendorff 
Author-Name: Ronnie Donaldson 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronnie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donaldson 
Title: Knowledge-based service industry in a South African university town: The case of Stellenbosch 
Abstract:
  Knowledge-based service industries, because they are geographically
 &#x2018;footloose&#x2019;, have the potential to contribute to small town
 and city economies. The university town of Stellenbosch, identified as
 having a high growth potential, is the location of a growing IT and
 knowledge-based service sector. Data from questionnaires completed by 104
 Stellenbosch companies provided some insight into why they chose this
 town. Most said that, provided sufficient IT is available, they would be
 able to function as effectively in another town. This implies that they
 locate in Stellenbosch as a matter of preference rather than necessity.
 The paper provides insights into the reasons for the spatial clustering in
 South African non-metropolitan areas and how companies decide where to
 locate. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 418-433 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706038 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706038 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:418-433




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeff Gow 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gow 
Author-Name: Gavin George 
Author-X-Name-First: Gavin 
Author-X-Name-Last: George 
Author-Name: Bligh Grant 
Author-X-Name-First: Bligh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant 
Title: Managing the costs of HIV/AIDS: A case study of a South African contract cleaning company 
Abstract:
  This paper, based on a case study of a South African contract cleaning
 company in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, adds to the recent literature on the
 management of the financial impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. After
 situating the research alongside recent contributions that have examined
 large enterprises, and small, medium and micro enterprises, the paper
 provides a profile of the company and its predominantly female workforce.
 The company's management of costs incurred due to HIV/AIDS is critically
 assessed from the perspective of financial sustainability, using an AIDS
 Projection Model developed by Matthews (2007). It was found that while
 continued employment of this workforce is economically sustainable, both
 from the perspective of the business and the associated provident fund,
 the costs to employees are far from equitable. The paper therefore
 recommends the implementation of a holistic HIV/AIDS management programme,
 including treatment and prevention activities. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 434-447 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706039 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706039 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:434-447




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David   Kudzaishe Garwe 
Author-X-Name-First: David   Kudzaishe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garwe 
Author-Name: Olawale Fatoki 
Author-X-Name-First: Olawale 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fatoki 
Title: The impact of gender on SME characteristics and access to debt finance in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This study aimed to determine whether South African small and medium
 enterprises (SMEs) are affected by gender differences in demand for debt
 and its availability. It also looked at whether there are gender
 differences in the firm and entrepreneurial characteristics of SMEs. The
 study was conducted by means of a survey using a self-administered
 questionnaire and statistical analyses that included descriptive
 statistics, a t-test and a logistic regression. Significant gender
 differences were found in SMEs' demand for debt finance but only
 insignificant differences in availability. The findings also revealed
 significant gender differences in some of the firm and entrepreneurial
 characteristics of SMEs. It appears that for SME owners in South Africa
 gender differences exist in the demand for debt finance but not in its
 availability. The policy recommendation is that commercial banks,
 government agencies and non-governmental organisations should aim to help
 and encourage female SME owners to apply for debt finance. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 448-461 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706040 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706040 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:448-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melville Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Melville 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Author-Name: Riaan Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw 
Author-Name: Waldo Krugell 
Author-X-Name-First: Waldo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krugell 
Title: The impact of tourism on poverty in South Africa 
Abstract:
  This paper evaluates the potential impact of tourism on poverty in South
 Africa on the basis of recent survey data on international tourism
 spending patterns. It looks at three scenarios, using an applied general
 equilibrium model. The main finding is that the poor benefit very little
 in the short term from additional tourism income. A further finding is
 that domestic and international tourist expenditure affect the economy
 differently; both markets are therefore important. In essence, the
 research confirms that tourism receipts can be used as a tool to alleviate
 poverty, but in South Africa this must be supported by policies that focus
 on the labour market and human resource development. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 462-487 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706041 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706041 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:462-487




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anneli Douglas 
Author-X-Name-First: Anneli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas 
Author-Name: Berendien   A Lubbe 
Author-X-Name-First: Berendien   A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubbe 
Author-Name: Elizabeth   A Kruger 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth   A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger 
Title: Would a single regional visa encourage tourist arrivals in southern Africa? 
Abstract:
  Although many studies have been done of factors impeding Africa's
 development as a tourism destination, few have focused on southern Africa,
 and to date none have questioned whether the current visa requirements
 affect the region's tourism industry. This paper investigates the
 potential impact of the so-called Univisa, a single visa for the Southern
 African Development Community (SADC) region proposed by SADC and the
 Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa. It examines the possible
 effect of visa requirements on a destination's accessibility and visitor
 numbers. Two surveys revealed that inbound and outbound tour operators
 were relatively positive about the benefits the proposed Univisa would
 bring, but were concerned about other factors hindering tourism
 development in the region. The study revealed the complexities of a
 regional visa and found that even though a regional visa might alleviate
 some problems, it cannot be seen as an answer to the slow development of
 tourism in this region. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 488-505 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706042 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706042 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:488-505




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akim   J Mturi 
Author-X-Name-First: Akim   J 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mturi 
Title: Child-headed households in South Africa: What we know and what we don't 
Abstract:
  Household structures in many countries in Africa have been drastically
 changed by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Traditionally, orphans were absorbed by
 members of the extended family but today this safety net no longer works
 so well and many children are left to fend for themselves. The South
 African Government recognises the problem, but views differ on the
 effectiveness of the programmes for assisting these children. This article
 looks at what is known and what needs further research. It is known that
 child-headed households do exist in South Africa and that children living
 in these households are vulnerable. What is not known is the prevalence of
 these households and how to deal with the children's psycho-social
 problems. The article argues that the definition of child-headed
 households needs to be refined if we are to understand the extent of the
 problem. This will facilitate assessment of the programmes established for
 these children. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 506-516 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.706043 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706043 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:3:p:506-516




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Jacobs 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs 
Title: Theme issue: Sustainable rural development in South Africa: Rethinking theory, policy and practice 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 517-518 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715437 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715437 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:517-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Rocha 
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rocha 
Author-Name: Luciene Burlandy 
Author-X-Name-First: Luciene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burlandy 
Author-Name: Renato Maluf 
Author-X-Name-First: Renato 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maluf 
Title: Small farms and sustainable rural development for food security: The Brazilian experience 
Abstract:
  In the past few years, Brazil has made significant progress in reducing
 hunger and food and nutrition insecurity. By the end of 2009 it had met
 the first United Nations Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty
 and malnutrition by half, six years ahead of the 2015 deadline. Much of
 this progress has been achieved through innovative policies and
 initiatives championed by civil society organisations for over two
 decades. This paper reviews some of the most important policies and
 initiatives which are having a beneficial impact on sustainable rural
 development and food security. Focusing on conditions for small family
 farmers, the authors describe the main elements of these government
 programmes as well as relevant civil society initiatives, and the possible
 lessons to be learned from them. The paper concludes by discussing the
 challenges the country faces in maintaining recent advances in sustainable
 rural development and food security. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 519-529 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715438 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715438 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:519-529




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaci van Niekerk 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaci 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk 
Author-Name: Rachel Wynberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wynberg 
Title: The trade in <italic>Pelargonium sidoides</italic>: Rural livelihood relief or bounty for the &#x2018;bio-buccaneers&#x2019;? 
Abstract:
  Historically, the trade benefits of medicinal plants have been skewed
 towards technologically advanced Northern countries, despite originating
 from the biologically rich South. Since the 1990s, attempts at rectifying
 this situation have been stepped up globally. In southern Africa, a
 substantial industry has developed around the use of the endemic plant
 <italic>Pelargonium sidoides</italic> as a cure for respiratory tract
 infections. Rural communities harvest the plant for trade and also hold
 traditional knowledge about it. However, the industry has been plagued by
 concerns about the sustainability of the resource and equitable sharing of
 benefits, and accusations of &#x2018;biopiracy&#x2019;. This study
 examines the value chain to identify blockages preventing better benefit
 capture by the rural poor. We conclude that the Biodiversity Convention
 offers opportunities for redress but that monopolistic control, complex
 and uncoordinated laws, elite capture of benefits and increased
 cultivation undermine benefit sharing. These problems need to be overcome
 if rural communities are not to lose their benefits to large corporations
 exploiting <italic>Pelargonium sidoides.</italic>  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 530-547 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715440 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715440 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:530-547




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Aliber 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aliber 
Author-Name: Ruth Hall 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall 
Title: Support for smallholder farmers in South Africa: Challenges of scale and strategy 
Abstract:
  The South African Government aims to expand the smallholder sector as
 part of its broader job creation strategy. However, research shows that
 government attempts to support smallholder farmers have generally been
 costly and ineffective. Using secondary data and case study evidence, this
 study investigated the problems of supporting this sector. One finding is
 that while budgetary allocations to the sector have increased impressively
 over the last decade and a half, the distribution and use of these
 resources are such that few farmers benefit and the overall impact is
 small. A strategic choice has to be made between two strategies:
 supporting a few selected farmers to become large-scale commercial farmers
 (&#x2018;accumulation for the few&#x2019;), or supporting a large number
 and helping them to increase and diversify their produce so as to become
 sustainable commercial smallholders (&#x2018;accumulation from
 below&#x2019;). Past experience and a new national initiative favour the
 latter, using geographically targeted generic support services. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 548-562 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715441 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715441 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:548-562




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim   GB Hart 
Author-X-Name-First: Tim   GB 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart 
Title: How rural land reform policy translates into benefits 
Abstract:
  Land reform policy in South Africa has been strongly criticised,
 especially its instrumentality. However, recent ethnographic studies
 indicate that it is a complex and deeply social process in which policy is
 understood differently by different actors. Rather than asking whether
 land reform works we should ask how it works. Using a case study of SLAG
 (Settlement Land Acquisition Grant) redistribution beneficiaries in a
 southern Cape village, this paper describes how these rural residents
 interpreted policy and used the resources put at their disposal by the
 state. These local actors' decisions and actions were based largely on
 their livelihood requirements and frequently determined by their
 historical experiences and social relationships. Although they behaved in
 ways that were not anticipated by officials, a number have gained tangible
 benefits. Beneficiary &#x2018;success stories&#x2019; have given credence
 to the land reform policy, and state officials have responded by
 continuing to provide support to the project that was the subject of this
 study. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 563-573 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715442 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715442 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:563-573




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Jacobs 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs 
Author-Name: Ephias Makaudze 
Author-X-Name-First: Ephias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makaudze 
Title: Understanding rural livelihoods in the West Coast District, South Africa 
Abstract:
  This article applies the sustainable rural livelihoods approach to
 purposefully collect and analyse data on how the rural poor live and work
 in South Africa's West Coast District. The findings offer insights into
 the livelihoods and needs of rural households and offer vital lessons for
 pro-poor agrarian reform and rural development policies. Agricultural and
 non-farm rural households rely on a mix of livelihood sources such as wage
 employment, agricultural activities and social grants. Livelihood assets
 are unequally distributed among farmers, farm workers and non-farm rural
 households. Whereas some land reform beneficiary farmers appear to be
 accumulating wealth (land, livestock and some financial capital), workers
 dependent on local agricultural labour markets are trapped in asset
 poverty. Effective agrarian policies should be grounded in a solid
 understanding of the land-based livelihood strategies and aspirations of
 the rural poor. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 574-587 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715443 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715443 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:574-587




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melville Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Melville 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Author-Name: Riaan Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw 
Author-Name: Andrea Saayman 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman 
Title: Does conservation make sense to local communities? 
Abstract:
  The Kruger National Park in South Africa is a key ecotourism attraction
 for both domestic and international tourists. The South African National
 Parks have recently come under pressure to uplift communities and to build
 relationships with communities. This study therefore aimed to answer the
 question: how do communities benefit from the Kruger Park? Two surveys
 were conducted: a tourist survey to estimate expenditures, and a community
 survey to determine the perceived contribution of the Park. The results
 show that the Park has a significant impact on the local economies in both
 income and employment generation. Local communities have a positive
 attitude to the Park and deem it to have a beneficial effect on their
 quality of life. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 588-609 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715444 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715444 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:588-609




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Andrew 
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew 
Title: Sizing up the developmental state and the future of Tanzania's peasantry 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 610-613 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.715445 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.715445 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:4:p:610-613




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Title: Special issue: Reforming South Africa's public health system 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 615-615 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.731192 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.731192 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:615-615




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laetitia   C Rispel 
Author-X-Name-First: Laetitia   C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rispel 
Author-Name: Peter Barron 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barron 
Title: Valuing human resources: Key to the success of a national health insurance system 
Abstract:
  Human resources for health (HRH) are critical to health systems
 development and functioning but South Africa faces a crisis of production,
 recruitment, retention and management. In October 2011 the Minister of
 Health released a five-year national HRH strategy. Although this is an
 important advance in recognising and describing the HRH crisis,
 information gaps remain and there is still uncertainty about effective
 strategies and interventions to address the problems. This paper
 triangulates information from three sources: a 2009 health systems
 assessment; an analysis of the 2011 national HRH strategy and the 2011
 Green Paper on National Health Insurance against the assessment criteria
 used in the 2009 assessment; and an analysis of qualitative data obtained
 from 1200 front-line nurses. The authors argue that addressing the human
 resource challenges at structural, system and management levels is
 critical to the success of any future national health insurance system. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 616-635 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730974 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730974 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:616-635




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather McLeod 
Author-X-Name-First: Heather 
Author-X-Name-Last: McLeod 
Title: The role of risk adjustment in the equitable financing of National Health Insurance in South Africa 
Abstract:
  A National Health Insurance system has been proposed for South Africa and
 two of the seven guiding principles are that there be social solidarity
 and equity. These will require both risk cross-subsidies and income
 cross-subsidies to be engineered into the health care financing system.
 This paper considers the need for risk adjustment at a provincial level
 using at least age, gender and HIV prevalence. The proposed single
 purchaser model with 52 purchasing districts is shown to be problematic.
 An alternative multiple purchaser model is proposed which includes
 existing health funds and employer-based health care arrangements. The
 role of risk adjustment is described at various levels of the system and
 it is demonstrated that equity and social solidarity can be achieved in a
 multiple purchaser system. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 636-656 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730963 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730963 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:636-656




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ebenezer   Kwabena Tetteh 
Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer   Kwabena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tetteh 
Title: Responding to the challenges of social health insurance in African countries 
Abstract:
  With most sub-Saharan African countries facing problems of raising
 revenues for financing the delivery of an essential package of health
 services, there has been growing interest in social health insurance (SHI)
 as shown by efforts in Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Rwanda, South
 Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. While these
 health financing constraints are linked to broader public affairs of slow,
 or even negative macroeconomic growth, civil strife and political
 instability, there is little consensus on what should be the appropriate
 institutional arrangements and policies to mobilise resources for
 effective provision of essential health services. Given an observed
 inclination towards SHI, this paper provides some answers to the challenge
 of making it work in African countries. The paper discusses a number of
 policy choices and trade-offs that health planners may consider when
 implementing SHI to generate financing for the provision of essential
 health care benefits. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 657-680 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730964 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730964 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:657-680




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Caryn Bredenkamp 
Author-X-Name-First: Caryn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bredenkamp 
Author-Name: Christelle Grobler 
Author-X-Name-First: Christelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobler 
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Title: Have public health spending and access in South Africa become more equitable since the end of apartheid? 
Abstract:
  This study investigates whether health spending and access to services in
 South Africa have become more or less pro-poor over time. We find that
 over the post-apartheid period health spending has become significantly
 more pro-poor. In addition to the rising share of the health budget
 allocated to public clinics, there has been an increase in the share of
 public clinic and hospital spending going to the poor and a rising share
 of the health budget allocated to public clinics. In addition, between
 1993 and 2008 there were improvements in both financial access to public
 health services -- as measured by the incidence of catastrophic costs --
 and physical access to public health facilities -- as measured by reduced
 travel time. Given that substantial progress has been made with fiscal
 equity and access to health, problems that users complain about -- rude
 staff, long queues and lack of medicine -- have moved higher on the policy
 agenda. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 681-703 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730971 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730971 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:681-703




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olufunke   A Alaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Olufunke   A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alaba 
Author-Name: Di McIntyre 
Author-X-Name-First: Di 
Author-X-Name-Last: McIntyre 
Title: What do we know about health service utilisation in South Africa? 
Abstract:
  This paper compares data from two household surveys to assess the effect
 of questionnaire design on estimated use of health services and analyses
 this across geographic areas and different groups. Deficiencies in the
 design of Statistics South Africa's General Household Survey led to a
 substantial underestimation of utilisation (capturing less than a third of
 visits). The South Africa Consortium for Benefit Incidence Analysis
 survey, which was more comprehensive, indicated that three out of four
 outpatient visits are to public sector facilities. Medical scheme
 membership is the most important predictor of using a private provider,
 particularly for inpatient care. Socioeconomic status and rural versus
 urban residence also influence overall utilisation rates and use of public
 versus private providers. It is critical to improve the design of routine
 household surveys to monitor utilisation patterns during the
 implementation of the proposed health system reform. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 704-724 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730973 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730973 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:704-724




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen   Sue Christian 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen   Sue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christian 
Author-Name: Nicholas Crisp 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crisp 
Title: Management in the South African public health sector: An x-inefficiency perspective 
Abstract:
  Inefficiency in the South African public health sector contributes
 significantly to the country's relatively poor health outcomes, yet it is
 poorly understood and overshadowed by health care financing and payment
 issues. This paper explores this situation from the perspective that the
 public health sector forms part of a complex adaptive system from which
 inefficiencies emerge endogenously. Leibenstein's seminal work provides
 the basis for a conceptual framework that explores and describes
 management in the public health sector from an x-inefficiency perspective.
 Further research into x-inefficiency and its underlying causes may be
 useful to guide the design of appropriate health policies in the South
 African context. Unless reforms targeted at improving x-efficiency are
 prioritised, increased revenue allocation to the public health sector will
 have a sub-optimal impact on health outcomes. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 725-737 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730972 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730972 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:725-737




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rulof   P Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Rulof   P 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Laura Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Laura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw 
Title: The fertility transition in South Africa: A retrospective panel data analysis 
Abstract:
  Since 1960 South Africa has seen a steep fall in fertility levels and
 currently its total fertility rate is the lowest on the African continent.
 Given the high prevailing levels of fertility in African countries, a
 better understanding of the factors behind the fertility transition will
 be valuable not only for South Africa, but also more widely for other
 African countries. This paper uses the National Income Dynamics Study data
 to construct a retrospective panel to investigate reasons for the decline
 in fertility. The analysis attributes a large share of the observed
 fertility decline across birth cohorts to improvements in education levels
 and the lower prevalence of marriage. However, a considerable segment of
 the transition is ascribed to unobservables. These may include HIV/AIDS,
 the increased use of contraceptives and changes in both intra-household
 relationships and the social role of women. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 738-755 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.731779 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.731779 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:29:y:2012:i:5:p:738-755




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John   Ele-Ojo Ataguba 
Author-X-Name-First: John   Ele-Ojo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ataguba 
Author-Name: Olufunke Alaba 
Author-X-Name-First: Olufunke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alaba 
Title: Explaining health inequalities in South Africa: A political economy perspective 
Abstract:
  In South Africa inequalities in health have been extensively reported.
 The poor suffer more ill health than the rich. This paper discusses the
 need to understand the historical, social and political contexts and power
 relations that have shaped inequalities in South Africa. This can be
 achieved in part through a cohesive intersectoral approach that addresses
 &#x2018;the causes of the causes&#x2019;. Yet more fundamentally, the
 authors suggest that success in tackling inequalities in health will only
 come when existing power structures in South African society are
 acknowledged. 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 756-764 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730962 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730962 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marsha Orgill 
Author-X-Name-First: Marsha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Orgill 
Title: Past, present and future: What you need to know about health and health care in South Africa 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 765-766 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730976 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730976 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carmen   Sue Christian 
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen   Sue 
Author-X-Name-Last: Christian 
Title: Exploring ways to improve health system performance in developing countries 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 767-769 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 29 
Year: 2012 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.730975 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730975 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leila Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Leila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Author-Name: James Midgley 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Midgley 
Author-Name: Marianne Ulriksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulriksen 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-1 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.756220 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756220 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Midgley 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Midgley 
Title: Social development and social protection: New opportunities and challenges 
Abstract:
	      The growing interest in social protection in the
 interdisciplinary field of development studies presents new challenges and
 opportunities. However, to respond effectively, development scholars
 should be cognisant of the extensive research that has been undertaken
 over many years in the interdisciplinary field of social policy into what
 is known as &#x2018;social security&#x2019;. They have hitherto neglected
 this research, but it can make a significant contribution to their own
 work. At the same time, they have a rare opportunity to inform social
 policy research, which has historically relied on a Eurocentric
 &#x2018;welfare state&#x2019; approach that is of limited relevance to the
 developing world. By forging closer links between these two fields, we can
 address the challenges facing social protection more effectively.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 2-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.755850 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.755850 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Devereux 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Devereux 
Title: Trajectories of social protection in Africa 
Abstract:
	      Social protection in contemporary Africa is the product of
 several strands of social policy, from European social security systems to
 humanitarian relief interventions. Contributory social security mechanisms
 such as unemployment insurance and pensions were imported to Africa during
 the colonial period, but cover only a minority of formally employed
 workers. Food aid alleviates hunger but does not resolve problems of
 chronic food insecurity. Cash transfers are being promoted as an
 alternative to food aid, but have been criticised for being ineffective
 against price inflation and underwriting neoliberal economic policies.
 Some programmes link social transfers to public works employment and
 microfinance, with the aim of &#x2018;graduating&#x2019; participants off
 social protection. This article argues instead for a &#x2018;social
 contract&#x2019; approach -- recognising the right to social protection,
 empowering passive beneficiaries to become entitled claimants, and
 introducing social audits to hold duty-bearers accountable for effective
 and equitable delivery of citizen-driven social protection policies.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 13-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.755871 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.755871 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:13-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Piachaud 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piachaud 
Title: Social protection, redistribution and economic growth 
Abstract:
	      Social protection has conventionally been associated with
 redistribution and equity. This paper examines the effects of different
 types of social protection on economic growth. It looks at the possible
 effects on human capital formation, on physical investment and innovation,
 on the local economy and on the macroeconomy, discusses these effects in
 theory and reviews empirical evidence of such effects. It considers the
 widely varying impacts that different types of social protection can have
 on the distribution of incomes and on economic growth. The paper concludes
 that, in analysing, assessing and planning social protection, it is
 crucially important to consider the potential drawbacks -- and the
 benefits.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 24-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.756101 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.756101 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianne Ulriksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulriksen 
Title: The politics of social protection expenditure and financing in southern Africa 
Abstract:
	      Social protection is expanding in southern Africa, but
 consideration of its fiscal base is usually limited to affordability
 concerns. Little attention is paid to the different sources of revenue or
 how the interests of contributors to social protection may affect spending
 priorities. This article suggests there is a link between revenue source
 and social protection spending. Aid dependent countries' social protection
 policy is mostly determined by donors. The governments of countries that
 rely on natural resources or Southern African Customs Union revenue are
 relatively free to shape social protection policy. Only in countries that
 rely on domestic tax-based revenue, where the government must consider the
 interests of the taxpayer, is there something resembling a social contract
 for social protection, in which the citizens engage with their government
 through an exchange-based logic. This article concludes that a broad and
 diversified tax base is an important mechanism for creating a reciprocal
 relationship of this kind and thus increasing social spending. 	 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 39-53 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.756097 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756097 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:39-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Armando Barrientos 
Author-X-Name-First: Armando 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barrientos 
Author-Name: Valerie M&#xF8;ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Valerie 
Author-X-Name-Last: M&#xF8;ller 
Author-Name: Jo&#xE3;o Saboia 
Author-X-Name-First: Jo&#xE3;o 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saboia 
Author-Name: Peter Lloyd-Sherlock 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd-Sherlock 
Author-Name: Julia Mase 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mase 
Title: &#x2018;Growing&#x2019; social protection in developing countries: Lessons from Brazil and South Africa 
Abstract:
	      The rapid expansion of social protection in the South
 provides a rich diversity of experiences and lessons on how best to reduce
 poverty and ultimately eradicate it. Knowledge on how best to
 &#x2018;grow&#x2019; social assistance, understood as long-term
 institutions responsible for reducing and preventing poverty, is at a
 premium. This article examines the expansion of social assistance in
 Brazil and South Africa, two of the middle income countries widely
 perceived to have advanced furthest in &#x2018;growing&#x2019; social
 protection. It examines three aspects: the primacy of politics in
 explaining the expansion of social protection and assistance, the tensions
 between path-dependence and innovation in terms of institutions and
 practices, and the poverty and inequality outcomes of social assistance
 expansion. The article concludes by drawing the main lessons for other
 developing countries.		
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 54-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.756098 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756098 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leila Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Leila 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Author-Name: Tessa Hochfeld 
Author-X-Name-First: Tessa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hochfeld 
Author-Name: Jacqueline Moodley 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley 
Title: Gender and child sensitive social protection in South Africa 
Abstract:
	      Drawing from a 2010 study of women receiving the Child
 Support Grant in an urban area of South Africa, this article discusses the
 link between social protection, women's empowerment and the well-being of
 children. It appears that the Grant enhances women's power and control
 over household decision-making in financial matters, general household
 spending and child well-being. At the same time, the data show that women
 continue to bear the greatest burden of care in the household and that
 these responsibilities significantly heighten gender inequalities.
 Therefore, while the Grant has benefits for child well-being and women's
 empowerment, it cannot on its own transform unequal and unjust social
 relations of power. It should be working in concert with other public
 programmes not only to focus on children's needs but also to strive for
 gender equality for poor women.	  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 69-83 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.755872 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.755872 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:69-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodreck Mupedziswa 
Author-X-Name-First: Rodreck 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mupedziswa 
Author-Name: Dolly Ntseane 
Author-X-Name-First: Dolly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntseane 
Title: The contribution of non-formal social protection to social development in Botswana 
Abstract:
	      This article documents the non-formal system of social
 protection in Botswana, identifies opportunities for synergies between the
 non-formal and formal systems, and considers the challenges of integrating
 the two. Non-formal initiatives depend on traditional forms of social
 protection such as self-help, self-organisation, membership of a social
 group and cultural norms of community solidarity, reciprocity and
 obligations; whereas the formal social protection system is undergirded by
 statutes and laws, institutionalised in policy and legislation, publicly
 funded and delivered within national norms and eligibility criteria. The
 article argues that integrating the two could produce a complementary and
 responsive system of social protection that takes account of indigenous
 and other non-formal systems of support and enhances the delivery of
 social protection services, and that other countries in the region might
 derive lessons from Botswana's experience.	     
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 84-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.756099 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756099 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:84-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marius Olivier 
Author-X-Name-First: Marius 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier 
Title: Social protection in Lesotho: Innovations and reform challenges 
Abstract:
	      Given its current socioeconomic conditions and fiscal
 ability, Lesotho has achieved an impressive record in creating a basic
 social assistance and social protection system, informed by political
 commitment and through budget reprioritisation. It has set up and
 administered near universal schemes operating at scale with fairly low
 transaction costs, addressing core areas and serving vulnerable
 constituencies -- including the aged, orphaned and vulnerable children and
 children of school-going age. A contribution-based comprehensive national
 social security scheme to provide coverage for Lesotho workers and their
 families is also planned. Nevertheless, the task of providing adequate
 social protection coverage faces systems and delivery challenges; several
 human development indicators have worsened, and most of the Millennium
 Development Goals are far from being achieved. There is scope for creating
 greater fiscal space by establishing a compulsory national contributory
 scheme, and donor support in the short to medium term is inevitable.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 98-110 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.756218 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.756218 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scelo Zibagwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Scelo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zibagwe 
Author-Name: Themba Nduna 
Author-X-Name-First: Themba 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nduna 
Author-Name: Gift Dafuleya 
Author-X-Name-First: Gift 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dafuleya 
Title: Are social protection programmes child-sensitive? 
Abstract:
	      There is no doubt that child focus in the social protection
 agenda makes development and economic sense, yet child-sensitive social
 protection still remains elusive in some African country programmes. The
 case study of the Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia discussed in
 this paper shows that the child-conditioned component in both the design
 and the implementation of this huge social protection programme is largely
 absent. Child-sensitive social programming, which discretely improves
 children's schooling and access to basic health care services and protects
 them from child labour, is recommended, with prioritisation of child
 labour saving assets as one of the key interventions.		
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 111-120 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2012.756100 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2012.756100 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:111-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Whitworth 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitworth 
Author-Name: Kate Wilkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Kate 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkinson 
Title: Tackling child poverty in South Africa: Implications of <italic>ubuntu</italic> for the system of social grants 
Abstract:
	      In South Africa both liberal and more communitarian and
 relational discourses of citizenship can be seen -- the latter in the form
 of the southern African idea of <italic>ubuntu</italic>. Policy for
 assisting children, however, is dominated by the framework of liberal
 citizenship, most clearly through the Bill of Rights and in particular the
 Child Support Grant. Using analyses from a purpose-built microsimulation
 model we show how a neglect of children's broader relationships in the
 current liberal citizenship inspired policy context limits the
 effectiveness of the child poverty strategy. The empirical analyses
 demonstrate how a greater recognition by policymakers of the relational
 principles of <italic>ubuntu</italic> could be expected to have more
 effect on reducing child poverty.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 121-134 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.756219 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756219 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:1:p:121-134




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucia Knight 
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Knight 
Author-Name: Victoria Hosegood 
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosegood 
Author-Name: Ian                        M Tim&#xE6;us 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian                        M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tim&#xE6;us 
Title: The South African disability grant: Influence on HIV treatment outcomes and household well-being in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
	      This paper explores the implications of the disability grant
 for household members' well-being and adults' success on ART
 (antiretroviral therapy). It uses case studies based on data from an
 in-depth qualitative study of 10 households in KwaZulu-Natal. Receipt of
 the disability grant ensured that the basic needs of the HIV-infected
 adult could be met by other household members, especially when the grant
 was received when the person first met the qualifying criteria and in
 conjunction with ART. Where treatment was effective, HIV-infected adults
 were able to make substantial contributions to the well-being of other
 members in addition to the financial support provided by the grant itself.
 Thus, early access to financial support in conjunction with commencing ART
 may lead to improved health outcomes and reduce poverty and vulnerability
 associated with illness in poor households. This synergistic relationship
 between social welfare and treatment may in turn contribute to greater
 cost-efficiency.	   
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 135-147 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.755767 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.755767 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Visagie 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie 
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Title: A reconsideration of what and who is middle class in South Africa 
Abstract:
	      In this paper, we revisit &#x2018;what and who&#x2019; is
 middle class in South Africa using data collected in the 2008 National
 Income Dynamics Study. First, we consider how to identify the middle class
 based on two broad definitions adopted in the international economics
 literature: a middle class defined by the middle share of the national
 income distribution; and a middle class defined by an absolute level of
 affluence and lifestyle. We explore alternative ways of capturing the
 &#x2018;middle income strata&#x2019; and we suggest an approach for
 identifying threshold levels of income associated with middle-class
 affluence. Second, we show that the size and the composition of the middle
 class in South Africa are both very sensitive to how the middle class is
 defined. In particular, we demonstrate that there is very little overlap
 between the two broad definitions, a finding which reflects very high
 levels of poverty and inequality in the country.	   
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 149-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797224 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797224 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:149-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amina Ebrahim 
Author-X-Name-First: Amina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebrahim 
Author-Name: Ferdi Botha 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha 
Author-Name: Jen Snowball 
Author-X-Name-First: Jen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snowball 
Title: Determinants of life satisfaction among race groups in South Africa 
Abstract:
	      Economic indicators, like gross domestic product per capita,
 are commonly used as indicators of welfare. However, they have a very
 limited and narrow scope, excluding many potentially important welfare
 determinants, such as health, relative income and religion -- not
 surprising since they were not designed to fill this role. As a result,
 there is growing acceptance, and use of, subjective measures of well-being
 (called &#x2018;happiness&#x2019; or &#x2018;life satisfaction&#x2019;,
 often used interchangeably) both worldwide and in South Africa. Happiness
 economics does not propose to replace income-based measures of well-being,
 but rather attempts to complement them with broader measures, which can be
 important in making policy decisions that optimise societal welfare. This
 paper tests for differences in subjective well-being between race groups
 in South Africa, and investigates the determinants of self-rated life
 satisfaction for each group. Using the 2008 National Income Dynamics Study
 data, descriptive methods (analysis of variance) and an ordered probit
 model are applied. Results indicate that reported life satisfaction
 differs substantially among race groups, with black South Africans being
 the least satisfied group despite changes since the advent of democracy in
 1994. Higher levels of educational attainment increased satisfaction for
 the whole sample, and women (particularly black women) are generally less
 satisfied than men. As found in many other studies, unemployed people have
 lower levels of life satisfaction than the employed, even when controlling
 for income and relative income. The determinants of life satisfaction are
 also different for each race group: white South Africans attach greater
 importance to physical health, whereas employment status and absolute
 income matter greatly for black people. For coloured people and black
 people, positional status (as measured by relative income) is an important
 determinant of well-being, with religious involvement contributing
 significantly to the well-being of Indian people.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 168-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797227 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797227 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:168-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justine Burns 
Author-X-Name-First: Justine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burns 
Author-Name: Lawrence Edwards 
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards 
Author-Name: Karl Pauw 
Author-X-Name-First: Karl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pauw 
Title: Revisiting wage subsidies: How pro-poor is a South African wage subsidy likely to be? 
Abstract:
	      Wage subsidies have been used in both developed and
 developing countries to raise employment. After a decade of deliberation,
 the South African Government recently announced the introduction of a wage
 subsidy scheme. Given the intrinsic link between unemployment and poverty
 in South Africa, the belief is that a wage subsidy programme sufficient in
 scope will also make inroads into poverty. However, the way in which jobs
 are distributed among poor and non-poor jobseekers is crucial. Our general
 equilibrium microsimulation model confirms the expectation that a higher
 wage elasticity of labour demand is associated with larger reductions in
 poverty. We also find that a greater proportion of new jobs accrue to poor
 jobseekers when the elasticity is high. While youth-targeting does not
 improve the poverty-reducing effect of the policy, sectors such as
 textiles, accommodation, and construction services with their pro-poor
 employment profiles are good candidates for targeting. 	 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 186-210 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.801197 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.801197 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:186-210




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael                        N Humavindu 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael                        N 
Author-X-Name-Last: Humavindu 
Title: Estimating national economic parameters for Namibia using the shadow pricing approach 
Abstract:
	      This paper estimates national economic parameters to be used
 for project appraisal in Namibia. The shadow prices of capital, labour,
 and foreign exchange are derived. The results suggest that the economic
 opportunity cost of capital is 7.2%. The economic costs of Namibian labour
 as a share of financial costs are 32% for urban semi-skilled and unskilled
 labour, and 54% for rural semi-skilled and unskilled labour. The economic
 costs of foreign labour as a share of financial costs are 59%. The shadow
 exchange rate factor is estimated to be 4% for the Namibian economy.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 211-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.801193 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.801193 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:211-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachael Tembo 
Author-X-Name-First: Rachael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tembo 
Author-Name: Johann Louw 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louw 
Title: Conceptualising and implementing two community gardening projects on the Cape Flats, Cape Town 
Abstract:
	      Two community gardening projects in the Cape Town Metropole,
 South Africa, were studied in terms of how their intended outcomes were
 conceptualised by programme stakeholders, and how programme implementation
 was perceived by the intended beneficiaries. Following a broadly
 qualitative approach, data collection methods included individual and
 group interviews, participant observation, and reviews of programme
 records. A model of short-term, medium-term, and long-term outcomes, as
 perceived by programme management and staff, was elicited. Gardeners
 generally were positive about the service delivery of the programme, and
 identified the provision of food for their households as the major change
 that the programme introduced in their lives. They achieved some savings
 on household food purchases, and improved their nutrition somewhat. They
 also reported some income generation, but they perceived it as too little.
 Finally, respondents were very positive about a range of social benefits
 obtained from participating in the projects.	       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 224-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797220 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797220 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:224-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirjam de Koning 
Author-X-Name-First: Mirjam 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Koning 
Author-Name: Frik de Beer 
Author-X-Name-First: Frik 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer 
Title: Payment for ecosystem services through renewable energy generation to promote community-based natural resource management in the Blyde in South Africa 
Abstract:
	      Loss of biodiversity is putting the South African economy and
 the quality of life of its citizens at risk. Payment for ecosystem
 services (PES) is a way to incentivise conservation, community-based
 natural resource management and restoration of the environment. This
 article discusses a proposed PES project through the generation of
 hydro-electricity in the Blyde River Canyon Nature reserve. It argues that
 this proposed project could serve as an example for other PES projects and
 that it would strengthen community-based natural resource management, be
 beneficial to environmental conservation, counteract climate change, and
 provide socio-economic benefits to surrounding communities.	      
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 238-249 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.801198 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.801198 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:238-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alan Beesley 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beesley 
Author-Name: Richard Ballard 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballard 
Title: Cookie cutter cooperatives in the KwaZulu-Natal school nutrition programme 
Abstract:
	      This article examines an initiative by the KwaZulu-Natal
 provincial government to increase the income opportunities emerging from
 the school feeding programme. Since the inception of the programme, small
 medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been enlisted to provide schools
 with ingredients. However, in 2006 the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government
 replaced some SMMEs with women's cooperatives. By 2009, 12 of the original
 42 cooperatives had collapsed, and some schools serviced by the
 cooperatives complained of unreliable delivery of ingredients. This
 article examines the interface between policy and implementation through a
 case study of four cooperatives in one district. Our data suggest that
 some cooperatives struggled to take root as a result of a variety of
 factors which we discuss under the themes of viability, membership and
 skills. The top-down creation of these cooperatives according to
 inflexible guidelines also resulted in significant problems.	       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 250-261 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.801195 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.801195 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:250-261




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marthinus                        C Breitenbach 
Author-X-Name-First: Marthinus                        C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Breitenbach 
Title: Telecentres for sustainable rural development: Review and case study of a South African rural telecentre 
Abstract:
	      This paper evaluates a South African rural telecentre that
 may serve as a &#x2018;best practice&#x2019; model. The paper first
 provides a brief literature review of telecentres and the role of
 information and communication technology in economic development. A
 qualitative evaluation of a case study is presented within the context of
 sustainability considerations and development outcomes; that is, showing
 how the telecentre has improved the lives of the rural community at
 Thabina. Some of the observed economic development impacts are listed in
 the paper and an attempt is made to capture the essence of the vital links
 between the use of information and communication technology (technology
 transfer), human development, education and economic development.	    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 262-278 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797229 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797229 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:262-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petro                        Sauti Magai 
Author-X-Name-First: Petro                        Sauti 
Author-X-Name-Last: Magai 
Author-Name: Alejandro M&#xE1;rquez-Vel&#xE1;zquez 
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: M&#xE1;rquez-Vel&#xE1;zquez 
Title: Taxation in the Tanzanian gold sector: Overview of impacts and possible solutions 
Abstract:
	      This paper analyses the factors that reduce the gold sector's
 contribution to the Tanzanian government's revenue. Tanzania is among
 Africa's largest gold exporters. Yet ordinary Tanzanians have seen little
 benefit from this. This is partly because the government has enacted tax
 laws that are, as we shall see, overly favourable to multinational mining
 companies, and partly because of the same companies' business practices.
 Critics argue that the government fails to capture a substantial amount of
 state revenue as a result of low royalty rates, unpaid corporate taxes and
 tax evasion by major gold mine operators. This paper argues that the
 Tanzanian government should try to increase its share of revenues by
 taxation based on revenues, increasing its auditing skills and its
 involvement in mining, as well as by increasing the transparency of
 contracts and limiting the discretionary power of policy-makers in
 negotiating contracts. 	 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 279-292 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797225 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797225 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:279-292




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Visagie 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie 
Author-Name: Dorrit                        Ruth Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit                        Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Title: Corrigendum 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 293-293 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.815455 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.815455 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:2:p:293-293




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Author-Name: Carlene van der Westhuizen 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlene 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Westhuizen 
Title: Non-monetary dimensions of well-being in South Africa, 1993--2004: A post-apartheid dividend? 
Abstract:
	      Existing studies on shifts in income welfare in South Africa
 since the demise of apartheid suggest that income inequality increased,
 while headcount poverty rates declined since 2000, after some evidence of
 an increase or no change in poverty in the 1995--2000 and 1996--2001
 periods. This study provides an analysis of the shifts in non-income
 welfare that have occurred in South Africa between 1993 and 2004. We use
 factor analysis to construct an asset index as a measure of
 non-income-based welfare. Variables reflecting household access to a range
 of services and assets are used in the construction of the index.
 Significantly different results emerge when non-income welfare shifts are
 considered: we show statistically significant decreases in the headcount
 asset poverty rates between 1993 and 2004 across a range of covariates.
 Finally, asset inequality decreased significantly between 1993 and 2004 --
 in stark contrast to results based on consumption data.	  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 295-314 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817308 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817308 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:295-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J&#xE1;nos Moldvay 
Author-X-Name-First: J&#xE1;nos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moldvay 
Author-Name: Ralph Hamann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamann 
Author-Name: John Fay 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fay 
Title: Assessing opportunities and constraints related to different models for supplying wind turbines to the South African wind energy industry 
Abstract:
	      We explore the opportunities and constraints in the
 development of a localised wind energy industry in South Africa by
 analysing four wind energy projects representing different models of wind
 turbine production as suggested by Lewis and Wiser. We find that each
 model has strategic challenges and opportunities, and that particularly in
 the early growth stage of the industry the &#x2018;turbine
 assembly&#x2019; model (with low levels of local content) has important
 risk and financing advantages. With regard to broader socio-economic
 impacts, however, we confirm the expectation that the &#x2018;full turbine
 manufacturing&#x2019; model (with high levels of local content) has a
 significantly higher job creation potential. In terms of resulting policy
 implications, we support local content requirements, but emphasise the
 need for a strategic, phased approach to the development of industry
 clusters, with support not only to power producers and manufacturers, but
 also their domestic suppliers. 	 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 315-331 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817305 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817305 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:315-331




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric                        Nndavheleseni Musekene 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric                        Nndavheleseni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musekene 
Title: The impact of a labour-intensive road construction programme in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province 
Abstract:
	      This study investigates the distributional impacts of
 labour-intensive projects under the Gundo Lashu programme in the Limpopo
 province. The aim was to evaluate infrastructure effectiveness of the
 Extended Public Works Programme, focusing on the interface between road
 investment and economic development as the central premise. The objective
 was to evaluate the impact of the programme on the participants and their
 communities. Specific areas of impacts investigated are mobility, income,
 work opportunities, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods and opening
 of access to market opportunities. A matched case--control study design
 was adopted. The study found that the programme had achieved its
 objectives related to the total number of jobs created and the total road
 length constructed. However, the programme showed mixed results on
 communities' socio-economic outcomes and the impacts of the programme on
 poverty and sustainable livelihoods.	       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 332-346 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817301 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817301 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:332-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Author-Name: Mar&#xED;a Santana-Gallego 
Author-X-Name-First: Mar&#xED;a 
Author-X-Name-Last: Santana-Gallego 
Title: The determinants of African tourism 
Abstract:
	      Using a standard panel gravity equation of 175
 origin/destination countries between 1995 and 2008, 43 of which are
 African, we identify the factors that drive African-inbound (arrivals to
 Africa from other continents) and within-African tourism (arrivals from
 and to an African country). We find that the determinants of
 African-inbound and within-African tourism are not all that different from
 global tourism flows; repeat tourism, income, distance, land area and the
 standard dummy variables not only drive global or OECD tourism, but also
 tourism within Africa, disproving the belief that African tourists
 &#x2018;differ substantially&#x2019;.		
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 347-366 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817302 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817302 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:347-366




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prishah Narsai 
Author-X-Name-First: Prishah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Narsai 
Author-Name: Myra Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Myra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Author-Name: Champaklall Jinabhai 
Author-X-Name-First: Champaklall 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jinabhai 
Author-Name: Fred Stevens 
Author-X-Name-First: Fred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens 
Title: Variations in housing satisfaction and health status in four lower socio-economic housing typologies in the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal 
Abstract:
	      A study was done in the Durban Area, South Africa amongst
 residents (<italic>n</italic>&#x2009;=&#x2009;300) of four lower
 socio-economic housing typologies: Reconstruction and Development
 Programme (RDP) houses, informal settlements (IS), traditional rural
 houses (TR) and inner-city apartments (IC). Respondents living in IC were
 most satisfied with their dwellings, those living in RDP houses and in IS
 were the least satisfied. People living in the IC perceived their health
 best, while those living in IS perceived it as worst. Major reasons for
 dissatisfaction with housing were pest infestation in their dwelling in
 the past 12 months, inadequate toilet facilities, high temperature,
 unclean neighbourhood, poor ventilation and dust. Pest infestation and
 poor ventilation were mentioned most frequently by flat dwellers whilst
 RDP, IS and TR households complained about inadequate toilet facilities.
 For many people living in low socio-economic housing, both housing and
 service provision remain inadequate.	       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 367-385 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817304 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817304 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:367-385




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vinothan Naidoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Vinothan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo 
Title: The challenges of policy coordination at a programme level: Why joining-up is hard to do 
Abstract:
	      This article examines obstacles to policy coordination to
 promote development at a programme level. Contemporary efforts to promote
 coordination or &#x2018;joined-up&#x2019; working across government
 entities highlight attempts to promote policy synergy and resource
 maximisation for achieving objectives that straddle the sector-specific
 boundaries of multiple departments. This paper assessed efforts to
 coordinate the actions of multiple departments towards achieving a single
 cross-cutting policy objective. Programme-level analysis of the Expanded
 Public Works Programme in South Africa revealed various reasons why
 joining-up is difficult to negotiate in practice. This consisted of policy
 goal and operational incompatibility between specialised entities, which
 appears sensitive to the specificity and stringency of policy goals and
 implementation regimens; as well as a host of difficulties related to how
 coordination is formally defined and designated. This included role
 definition and confusion, as well as the nature and locus of coordination
 mandates across and within individual departments.	     
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 386-400 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817309 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817309 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:386-400




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Author-Name: Benn Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Benn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Title: The comparative performance of chartered accountancy students in South Africa: The impact of historical legacies 
Abstract:
	      African students continue to underperform in South Africa's
 schools and universities. This paper investigates the comparative
 performance of African chartered accountancy students from school to
 post-university level. The paper employed a mixed-method approach to
 analyse a series of cross-sectional datasets. The results showed that
 African students have underperformed at school, university and at
 post-university level, although the performance gap appears to be
 narrowing in the first professional chartered accountancy examination. The
 differential performance of these students was explained by poorer marks
 in mathematics and English that can be traced back to historical legacies
 in the education sector. South African universities, moreover, perpetuate
 this disadvantage because they have retained Eurocentric teaching
 approaches. In order to remove these barriers, tuition at school and
 university must be complemented by cross-cultural teaching practices and
 bridging programmes.	       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 401-416 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:401-416




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tinashe Kapuya 
Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapuya 
Author-Name: Ferdinand                        H Meyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinand                        H 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer 
Author-Name: Johann                        F Kirsten 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann                        F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten 
Title: Modelling the impact of the &#x2018;fast track&#x2019; land reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector 
Abstract:
	      Zimbabwe has recently gone through a widely criticised land
 reform process that is argued to be the cause of subdued agricultural
 production. This paper attempts to present a counterfactual picture of the
 maize market in Zimbabwe had land reform been managed appropriately. The
 counterfactual is developed through a partial equilibrium framework in
 order to quantify the impact of the land reform programme. This, to our
 knowledge, is the first attempt at applying a partial equilibrium
 framework to an analysis of the impact of land reform. The results of the
 post-2000 land reform policy simulation showed that actual total maize
 output was lower than what could have been produced if it was under a
 pre-2000 land reform system. The study validates the assertion that land
 reforms contributed to the contraction of output. These results suggest
 the need for a well planned and executed land reform process, which can
 still play an important role in output growth and food security.	   
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 417-436 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.797232 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.797232 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:3:p:417-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henning Melber 
Author-X-Name-First: Henning 
Author-X-Name-Last: Melber 
Title: Reviewing China and Africa: Old interests, new trends -- or new interests, old trends? 
Abstract:
 Africa was for a long time considered to be Europe's backyard. This
 situation since the turn of the century has changed considerably. With new
 actors pursuing their own economic interests, mainly representing the
 growing influence of so-called emerging economies, new multipolar
 realities have arrived on the continent. Access to and control over
 natural resources has entered a new stage of competition among external
 actors and in their interaction with local elites. Africa has changed as
 an arena, and realities are increasingly shaped by Chinese influence too.
 This overview on recent contributions to the debate summarises the current
 assessments of the degree, impact and effects of the Chinese economic
 expansion. It then reflects on the potential new scope for cooperation and
 development and ends with some conclusions on the possible options and
 opportunities this might offer.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 437-450 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830241 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830241 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:437-450




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monica Fisher 
Author-X-Name-First: Monica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fisher 
Author-Name: Paul A Lewin 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewin 
Title: Household, community, and policy determinants of food insecurity in rural Malawi 
Abstract:
 This study examines how socio-economic characteristics of households,
 local conditions, and public programmes are associated with the
 probability that a farm household in rural Malawi is food insecure. The
 statistical analysis uses nationally representative data for 8350
 randomly-selected households interviewed during 2004/05 for the second
 Malawi Integrated Household Survey. Regressions are estimated separately
 for households in the north, centre, and south of Malawi to account for
 spatial heterogeneity. Results of a multilevel logit model reveal that
 households are less likely to be food insecure if they have larger
 cultivated land per capita, receive agricultural field assistance, reside
 in a community with an agricultural cooperative and relatively high annual
 rainfall, and are headed by an individual with a high school degree.
 Factors that positively correlate with household food insecurity are price
 of maize, price of fertiliser, number of household members, and distance
 to markets. Implications of these findings for policy are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 451-467 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830966 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830966 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:451-467




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marijke D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Marijke 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Author-Name: Nick Vink 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vink 
Author-Name: Tharcisse Nkunzimana 
Author-X-Name-First: Tharcisse 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nkunzimana 
Author-Name: Ellen Van Damme 
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Damme 
Author-Name: Johan van Rooyen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Rooyen 
Author-Name: Anne-Marie Remaut 
Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Marie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Remaut 
Author-Name: Lotte Staelens 
Author-X-Name-First: Lotte 
Author-X-Name-Last: Staelens 
Author-Name: Luc D'Haese 
Author-X-Name-First: Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: D'Haese 
Title: Improving food security in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa: Too little, too slow 
Abstract:
 Food insecurity is still remarkably high in the poorest areas of the
 KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Many rural households struggle to
 have sufficient access to the food they need or prefer. This article
 explores the extent of food access insecurity and assesses the perceived
 impact on food security of an Empowerment for Food Security Programme that
 was launched in the Province in 2007. One of the programme aims was to
 improve agricultural practices in community gardens, home gardens and
 broiler production. Data were collected among 390 beneficiary households
 involved in these agricultural projects in 2010. Findings confirmed that
 experience-based food insecurity levels were still high, despite the
 agricultural support programme and the government income transfers.
 Nevertheless, respondents attribute an improved dietary diversity and
 better access to resources to the programme.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 468-490 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.836700 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.836700 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:468-490




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanley Sharaunga 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharaunga 
Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale 
Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wale 
Title: The dis-incentive effects of food aid and agricultural policies on local land allocation in developing countries: The case of Malawi 
Abstract:
 Food aid and other agricultural policies can create
 incentives/disincentives in local agricultural production. This paper
 provides empirical evidence on the disincentive effects of both food aid
 and some agricultural policies in Malawi. In contrast to previous studies,
 this paper analyses the impact of food aid on the proportion of land
 allocated to cereal crops and the interplay of both food aid and other
 agricultural policies in creating disincentive effects. Data were analysed
 using the logit transformation regression. It was found that, in addition
 to the disincentive effects of food aid, agricultural policies including
 price controls and sustained reliance on imported cereals were also
 undermining incentives to sustain local agricultural production.
 Therefore, both food aid and agricultural price policies need to be
 aligned to farmers' incentives to optimcally allocate land to food
 production.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 491-507 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817300 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817300 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:491-507




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henry Jordaan 
Author-X-Name-First: Henry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan 
Author-Name: Bennie Grov&#xe9; 
Author-X-Name-First: Bennie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grov&#xe9; 
Title: Exploring social capital of emerging farmers from Eksteenskuil, South Africa 
Abstract:
 The objective of this paper was to quantify the levels of social capital
 of emerging raisin producers from Eksteenskuil, and to explore the
 relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and
 their social capital levels. The respondents prove to have high levels of
 social capital. Interestingly, they tend to trust and get along with each
 other more than they actively participate in organised group activities in
 the community. Their social capital thus can be said to be more cognitive
 than structural. Higher levels of social capital were also found to be
 associated with higher age, experience and education levels of the
 respondents. Ultimately it was concluded that the complexity of social
 capital makes it difficult to implement initiatives that will contribute
 to developing the social capital levels of these farmers. Efforts to
 stimulate collective action and farmer-to-farmer skills transfer should
 take cognisance of the role of social dynamics in the behaviour of
 emerging farmers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 508-524 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830965 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830965 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:508-524




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Gomersall 
Author-X-Name-First: Judith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gomersall 
Title: The performance of the Child Support Grant: Review and research priorities 
Abstract:
 This article reports the findings of a review on the performance of the
 Child Support Grant (CSG) programme. It suggests that the CSG impact
 theory is sound, the programme has in general been implemented well and
 the limited research on impact is suggestive of it achieving its ultimate
 objectives of reducing child deprivation and promoting human capital
 development. It points to the vastness of the child poverty that remains
 to be addressed and raises the concern that in spite of young children
 being prioritised in the roll out of the CSG, child poverty incidence may
 be highest in children aged zero to four. Weaknesses in programme
 implementation are identified, as well as research priorities in three
 areas: the child poverty profile, CSG programme implementation and CSG
 impact.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 525-544 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830240 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830240 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:525-544




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Youth unemployment in South Africa revisited 
Abstract:
 One of the most pressing socio-economic problems of the South African
 economy is high youth unemployment. Recent studies only briefly examined
 how youths have fared since the transition by comparing the 1995 October
 Household Survey with a Labour Force Survey, and hardly investigated
 whether the discouraged workseekers are different from the unemployed.
 This paper re-examined youth unemployment trends in the 2008--12 Quarterly
 Labour Force Surveys, before comparing the characteristics of discouraged
 workseekers and narrow unemployed. Whether different policies are needed
 to boost youth employment in each group is also discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 545-563 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830964 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830964 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:545-563




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine Bischoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Christine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bischoff 
Author-Name: Geoffrey Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: Micro and small enterprises and employment creation: A case study of manufacturing micro and small enterprises in South Africa 
Abstract:
 South Africa is characterised by extremely high unemployment, at a level
 that has the potential to derail its future political stability. This
 paper explores constraints on the job creation capabilities of micro and
 small enterprises, specifically focusing on the consequences of existing
 institutional and regulatory frameworks, looking at a panel of firms
 within the manufacturing sector. This study revealed that most of the
 small firms interviewed were locked into a &#x2018;coping mode&#x2019;,
 and were extremely reluctant to expand, which owners ascribed to
 inappropriate regulation, outright regulatory failures and/or poor labour
 relations. At the same time, many employers openly admitted to not
 adhering to at least some labour regulations. At a theoretical level, it
 is argued that there is much more to promoting enterprise than the formal
 protection of owner rights. The paper concludes with an assessment of the
 possibilities and challenges of the practicalities of reform.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 564-579 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817303 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817303 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:564-579




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew JE Charman 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew JE 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charman 
Author-Name: Leif M Petersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Leif M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen 
Author-Name: Laurence Piper 
Author-X-Name-First: Laurence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Piper 
Title: Enforced informalisation: The case of liquor retailers in South Africa 
Abstract:
 After a decade of unsuccessful efforts to migrate informal businesses to
 South Africa's formal economy there remains little understanding of the
 dynamics in this sector, especially as regards micro-enterprises.
 International literature discusses &#x2018;exit&#x2019; and
 &#x2018;exclusion&#x2019;, holding that poor law enforcement is the reason
 for the persistence and growth of the informal economy. Through examining
 the informal liquor retail (shebeen) sector, we demonstrate that
 enforcement actually produces informality in this sector. Illustrated with
 examples from one of our sites in Delft South, Cape Town, the article
 describes key aspects of shebeen business practice, including the
 responses to greater law enforcement. Notably, instead of closing shop or
 facing the hurdles of compliance, the great majority of shebeens continue
 to evade the law by downscaling their activities. This finding has
 implications not just for liquor policy in South Africa, but for
 understanding both theories of formalisation and theories of the informal
 economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 580-595 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817306 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.817306 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:580-595




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Refiloe G Khoase 
Author-X-Name-First: Refiloe G 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khoase 
Author-Name: Krishna K Govender 
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna K 
Author-X-Name-Last: Govender 
Title: Enhancing small, medium and micro enterprise development: Exploring selective interventions by the Lesotho government 
Abstract:
 Through a survey conducted among 219 businesses in Lesotho, this paper
 reports small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) owners' and managers'
 perceptions of strategies implemented by the government to enhance SMME
 development, as well as identify shortcomings, if any. It was ascertained
 that although there are a number of initiatives -- inter alia, the
 creation of a &#x2018;one-stop shop&#x2019; to simplify the procedures
 required for registering an enterprise -- the respondents perceive that
 operating informally is the alternate solution, the consequence being
 possible loss of taxes by the government which impacts on economic growth.
 It also became evident that access to finance is still a hurdle to SMME
 establishment in Lesotho. SMMEs also find taxes too high and are therefore
 compelled to declare false turnover figures, to avoid being taxed or to
 pay minimum taxes. The findings of this research could assist SMMEs since
 there will be greater awareness of the initiatives by the Lesotho
 government to develop the sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 596-615 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.834814 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.834814 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:596-615




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilaria Regondi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ilaria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Regondi 
Author-Name: Gavin George 
Author-X-Name-First: Gavin 
Author-X-Name-Last: George 
Author-Name: Natashya Pillay 
Author-X-Name-First: Natashya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pillay 
Title: HIV/AIDS in the transport sector of southern Africa: Operational challenges, research gaps and policy recommendations 
Abstract:
 The transport sector is an integral element of southern Africa's economic
 development. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the region is therefore a major
 cause for concern. Using a method of triangulation, we used the findings
 of a comprehensive literature review, a stakeholder questionnaire and a
 United Nations regional workshop to take stock of the existing evidence
 linking HIV/AIDS to the transport sector. This paper outlines the
 strategies used to address HIV/AIDS by a range of stakeholders in the
 road, maritime, aviation and railway transport sectors. It highlights
 regional, national, and intervention-specific good practice examples in
 the field, suggesting key research gaps and putting forward policy
 recommendations for the region. As a result, national action plans will
 hopefully be able to benefit from this knowledge-sharing, enhanced
 regional cooperation and implementation of more effective responses to the
 epidemic in this critical sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 616-628 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830239 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830239 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:616-628




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Bhatasara 
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhatasara 
Author-Name: Admire M Nyamwanza 
Author-X-Name-First: Admire M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamwanza 
Author-Name: Krasposy Kujinga 
Author-X-Name-First: Krasposy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kujinga 
Title: Transfrontier parks and development in southern Africa: The case of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park 
Abstract:
 The interface between local communities and transfrontier parks has
 received considerable attention, yet the utility of the transfrontier
 concept in developing livelihoods and environmental sustainability in
 southern Africa remains questionable. This paper argues that the benefits
 of transfrontier parks at regional, national and community levels cannot
 be overstated; neither should the problems be underestimated.
 Transfrontier parks may be viable alternatives in achieving development
 that is sustainable by protecting southern Africa's fragile environments,
 generating more funds and bringing significant and major improvements to
 the lives of the rural poor. At the same time, transfrontier parks raise
 issues of sovereignty of national governments, create complexity in
 governance processes and can lead to the needs of rural communities being
 sacrificed. Therefore, there is a need to find ways to reconcile
 conflictual and sometimes controversial circumstances in the establishment
 of transfrontier parks and, inquire further into the programmatic
 blueprints for transfrontier initiatives.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 629-639 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.837377 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.837377 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:629-639




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Snyman 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Snyman 
Title: Household spending patterns and flow of ecotourism income into communities around Liwonde National Park, Malawi 
Abstract:
 Rural Malawi is largely characterised by high levels of poverty,
 unemployment and high population densities. It is also seen as the
 &#x2018;warm heart of Africa&#x2019;, which, together with its abundant
 natural resources, makes it an excellent destination for international
 ecotourists. This paper looks at the impact of ecotourism employment on
 poverty reduction and the flow of ecotourism income into the villages
 adjacent to Liwonde National Park. Extensive questionnaire surveys were
 conducted with staff employed in ecotourism as well as with rural
 households in the villages adjacent to the Park. Comparisons of household
 income and social welfare highlight the important role of ecotourism
 employment in lifting people in these rural villages above the poverty
 line. Household spending patterns illustrate the flow of income from
 ecotourism into the local economy and the important impact of this on
 local socio-economic development. Suggestions for increasing local
 multiplier effects of ecotourism are put forward.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 640-658 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.832149 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.832149 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:640-658




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John P Wentzel 
Author-X-Name-First: John P 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wentzel 
Author-Name: Krishna Sundar Diatha 
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna Sundar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diatha 
Author-Name: VSS Yadavalli 
Author-X-Name-First: VSS 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yadavalli 
Title: An application of the extended Technology Acceptance Model in understanding technology-enabled financial service adoption in South Africa 
Abstract:
 The last 10 years have seen a significant increase in the provision of
 consumer services through technology. Computers, mobile phones, the
 Internet and self-service kiosks are examples of technology platforms that
 have enabled services to be offered to consumers in new ways. In South
 Africa, technology-enabled financial services have the potential to expand
 financial inclusion, especially at the bottom of the pyramid. There is a
 need to understand how consumers adopt technology-enabled services. Using
 grounded theory, an enhancement to the Technology Acceptance Model is
 proposed and developed to explain adoption of technology-enabled financial
 services. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to validate the model
 against data obtained from a survey. The proposed model fits the data
 well. Implications of the model are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 659-673 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830963 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830963 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:659-673




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Muller 
Author-X-Name-First: Mike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller 
Title: The regulation of network infrastructure beyond the Washington consensus 
Abstract:
 The provision of public services involving network infrastructure must
 inevitably address the challenge posed by their inherent monopolies.
 However, much of current regulatory theory is founded on an additional
 paradigm in which private enterprise was expected to play a growing part
 in the delivery of such services. As a consequence, the theory was
 expanded in the 1980s to create the conditions to facilitate the entry of
 the private sector, reflecting the then-dominant policy framework
 described as &#x2018;the Washington Consensus&#x2019;. Because much of
 South Africa's policy framework was established while this was the
 dominant global policy discourse, its perspectives were embedded in local
 regulatory approaches. However, while private-sector involvement is
 desirable in some circumstances, it is not inevitably the optimal strategy
 to meet public policy objectives. The new consensus is that formulaic
 prescriptions for regulatory approaches based on ideological approaches
 are not helpful. The institutions and instruments must be developed to
 meet specific public policy objectives, appropriate to the particular
 circumstances rather than simply left to reflect the inertia of historical
 path dependence.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 674-686 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830558 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830558 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:674-686




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John G Fay 
Author-X-Name-First: John G 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fay 
Title: Market-based incentives in South Africa and Zambia: A comparative analysis of the clean development mechanism 
Abstract:
 The clean development mechanism (CDM) is intended to serve as a
 market-based incentive that is both efficient and cost-effective for
 eligible developing countries. The analysis contained in this article
 explores why, in theory, such an attractive incentive opportunity has been
 so under-utilised in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper compares the experience
 of the CDM in South Africa and Zambia. These two Southern African
 countries were selected because of their varying levels of statehood,
 South Africa being an emerging, middle-income economy while Zambia is
 classified as a least developed country. General challenges affecting the
 CDM were identified in the literature to be awareness, capacity,
 eligibility and access to finance. The paper then compares how these
 overarching issues specifically impact the CDM experience in South Africa
 and Zambia. The paper finds that common complexities relating to the CDM
 have varying implications for eligible host countries at different levels
 of statehood.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 687-695 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830560 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830560 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:687-695




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Janis 
Author-X-Name-First: Julia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janis 
Title: Africa's position in the global climate change debate 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 696-697 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830559 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830559 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:696-697




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Se&#xe1;n M. Muller 
Author-X-Name-First: Se&#xe1;n M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller 
Title: Can the producers of policy analysis be trusted? 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 697-700 
Issue: 4-5 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.831730 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.831730 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:4-5:p:697-700




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Revisiting unemployment levels and trends in South Africa since the transition 
Abstract:
				 Many recent studies compared the 1995
 October Household Survey (OHS) with the latest available Labour Force
 Survey (LFS) to derive the unemployment 'trends' in South Africa since the
 transition, but this approach only gives a snapshot of unemployment at two
 points in time. Although the better approach is to examine all available
 labour surveys to derive the real unemployment trends during the period,
 this does not mean these trends are fully reliable and comparable, as the
 sampling method, weighting technique, questionnaire design and labour
 market status derivation methodology to define the unemployed are
 different across the surveys. In particular, the unemployment estimates in
 OHS 1995--99 and during the changeover between OHS and LFS in both narrow
 and broad terms increased rapidly. This paper aimed to address these
 issues, if possible, in order to improve the comparability and reliability
 of unemployment aggregates across the surveys. 		      
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 701-723 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.830242 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.830242 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:701-723




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J�rgen Carling 
Author-X-Name-First: J�rgen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carling 
Author-Name: Marianne T�nnessen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne 
Author-X-Name-Last: T�nnessen 
Title: Fathers' whereabouts and children's welfare in Malawi 
Abstract:
				 Children's welfare may be affected by the
 absence of a parent -- be it due to migration, divorce or death. These
 reasons for absence have largely been addressed separately in the
 literature; we present a unified framework. Using Demographic and Health
 Survey data from Malawi, we compare welfare indicators for four categories
 of children: those who live with both parents, and those who live with
 their mother but whose father is absent due to migration, divorce, or
 death. We find a clear pattern of welfare differences: children whose
 father is either present or a migrant are better off, and children whose
 father is deceased or whose parents are divorced are worse off. Our
 findings indicate that concern about the welfare of migrants' children
 might be exaggerated. By contrast, vulnerable children of divorcees are at
 risk of being overlooked in a policy environment that focuses on orphans.  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 724-742 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.859068 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.859068 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:724-742




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsty Hunter 
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsty 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter 
Author-Name: Eleanor Ross 
Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross 
Title: Stipend-paid volunteers in South Africa: A euphemism for low-paid work? 
Abstract:
				 Given the high unemployment rates in South
 Africa, the government has introduced policies to assist individuals to
 enter the job market, including stipend-paid volunteering. This research
 sought the views of stipend-paid volunteers and managers from four
 Johannesburg-based non-governmental organisations. The aims were to
 investigate whether stipend-paid volunteering was more like low-paid work
 than volunteering, the motivations for stipend-paid volunteering, the
 relationship between livelihood strategies and stipend volunteering, and
 the challenges and opportunities facing stipend-paid volunteers. It
 emerged that stipend-paid volunteers were initially motivated by extrinsic
 factors, such as the stipend, but later their volunteerism was sustained
 by intrinsic motivations, such as their community service orientation.
 While stipend-paid volunteering provided opportunities for training and
 experience, the work also presented challenges in terms of emotional
 stress, low remuneration and minimal support. Findings suggest that
 stipend-paid volunteerism would seem to be a euphemism for low-paid work.  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 743-759 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.860014 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.860014 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:743-759




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Jean Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan Jean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Title: The 2008 Food Summit: A political response to the food price crisis in Gauteng province, South Africa 
Abstract:
				 In responding to food price riots and
 other unrest in 2008, Gauteng province in South Africa hosted a two-day
 Food Summit attended by 4000 delegates. Summit invitees expected to be
 consulted on issues of concern about food prices, but the government
 instead responded with the message that the poor must be self-sufficient
 and grow their own food (via the Ilima/Letsema campaign launch), an
 impractical suggestion in a crisis. The timing of the 2008 Summit in
 relation to major changes within the African National Congress and the
 looming 2009 national election in South Africa leads to a conclusion that
 the Summit was a political event designed to build political capital ahead
 of the elections, rather than a genuine stakeholder consultation event
 linked to food security. Findings of this study indicated that food
 security planning in Gauteng is exclusionary through its rural bias and
 excludes, for example, urban dwellers and foreign migrants. Also, at that
 time, Gauteng would have been underprepared for a genuine food emergency
 as there was no working provincial strategy to deal with urban food
 security or a severe food crisis.		       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 760-770 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.860015 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.860015 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:760-770




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chaka Chirozva 
Author-X-Name-First: Chaka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirozva 
Author-Name: Billy Billiards Mukamuri 
Author-X-Name-First: Billy Billiards 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukamuri 
Author-Name: Jeanette Manjengwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manjengwa 
Title: Using scenario planning for stakeholder engagement in livelihood futures in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area 
Abstract:
				 Scenario planning has gained prominence
 among conservationists and policy-makers as a tool for planning,
 forecasting and learning about the future. This paper explores how
 participatory scenario planning was applied as a tool for promoting
 stakeholder engagement on discussions of desired livelihood futures. The
 study was conducted in Sengwe Communal lands, an area that falls within
 the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA). Data
 collection was based on semi-structured interviews, document reviews,
 focus group discussions and scenario workshops. Future desirable
 livelihoods that emerged include tourism enterprise development,
 small-scale irrigation, wildlife and livestock improvement, and energy
 generation. Development options imagined by locals are inseparable from
 contemporary politics of transfrontier conservation area governance
 requiring researchers to shift roles from being catalysts and knowledge
 brokers to facilitators of learning and negotiation. This paper
 contributes to contemporary debates on novel approaches to promote
 engagement with communities for improving biodiversity conservation and
 livelihoods in emerging transfrontier conservation areas.		    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 771-788 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.859065 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.859065 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:771-788




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Mussa 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mussa 
Title: Rural--urban differences in parental spending on children's primary education in Malawi 
Abstract:
				 Using Malawian data, this paper answers
 two interrelated questions: are there rural--urban differences in the
 factors that influence the probability that a household spends or does not
 spend on own children's education; and are there rural--urban differences
 in the factors that affect educational expenditure if a household decides
 to spend? Computed elasticities indicate that spending on education by
 rural households is more sensitive to changes in income compared with
 urban households, suggesting that spending on education in rural areas is
 a luxury good. In both areas, a mother's employment and education has a
 larger impact on spending compared with those of a father. Urban
 households compared with their rural counterparts are more sensitive to
 the quality of access to primary schools. We find no evidence of gender
 bias in school spending in urban areas, but rural households exhibit bias
 in favour of boys.			  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 789-811 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.859066 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.859066 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uchendu Eugene Chigbu 
Author-X-Name-First: Uchendu Eugene 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chigbu 
Title: Rurality as a choice: Towards ruralising rural areas in sub-Saharan African countries 
Abstract:
				 Rural development practices in sub-Saharan
 Africa are still based on modernisation approaches. This has led to
 distortion in rural identity in most sub-Saharan communities. This article
 embeds this issue in the development discourse. It calls for developing
 rural areas rurally -- rather than urbanely. The paper argues that
 improvements in rural conditions should aim to make rural lives and the
 environment sustainable, while preserving rural identities. Drawing from
 literature, it presents a conceptual framework for understanding rurality
 and shows how planning can serve as a tool for achieving rurality focused
 development. It provides six suggestions that could lead to integrating
 rurality-as-a-choice in development policies and practices. The suggested
 measures include the heritagisation of rural areas, introduction of
 rurality-focused vision in planning, and organisation of campaigns for the
 protection of rural heritages, among others. It contributes to emerging
 literatures on identifying problem-generating issues in rural development
 in sub-Saharan Africa. 		    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 812-825 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.859067 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.859067 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:30:y:2013:i:6:p:812-825




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Wittenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittenberg 
Title: Non-monetary dimensions of well-being: A comment 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 826-829 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 30 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.860875 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.860875 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: Reza Daniels 
Author-X-Name-First: Reza 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels 
Title: Getting ahead or falling behind: Findings from the second wave of the National Income Dynamics Study 
Abstract:
				 The National Income Dynamics Study is the
 first national panel study of South African individuals. Its objective is
 to track these individuals over time to study social mobility. This paper
 documents the survey design and a successful recontact record in Wave 2
 before providing an overview of the key findings from the other papers in
 this issue of the journal. Those from the top of the income distribution
 were hardest to recontact. The papers show that average real incomes grew
 slightly between 2008 and 2010. However, life satisfaction and
 expectations of future upward mobility declined. Being unemployed and
 moving into unemployment is associated with the lowest level of life
 satisfaction. Aggregate employment did not decline much but there was
 significant labour-market churn. The National Income Dynamics Study data
 reveal high levels of grade repetition and a slow transition from school
 to work. Relocating is shown to be an important part of schooling and
 employment decisions.			      
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-15 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.853613 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.853613 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arden Finn 
Author-X-Name-First: Arden 
Author-X-Name-Last: Finn 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: James Levinsohn 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levinsohn 
Title: Income mobility in a high-inequality society: Evidence from the first two waves of the National Income Dynamics Study 
Abstract:
				 The study of income inequality and income
 mobility has been central to understanding post-apartheid South Africa's
 development. This paper uses the first two waves of the National Income
 Dynamics Study to analyse income mobility using longitudinal data, and is
 the first to do so at a nationally representative level. We investigate
 both the correlates and root causes of moving up and down the income
 distribution over time. Using both absolute and relative changes as
 reference points, we highlight some of the factors associated with South
 Africans moving into and out of poverty.			  
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 16-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.851021 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.851021 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reza C Daniels 
Author-X-Name-First: Reza C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels 
Author-Name: Arden Finn 
Author-X-Name-First: Arden 
Author-X-Name-Last: Finn 
Author-Name: Sibongile Musundwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Sibongile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musundwa 
Title: Wealth data quality in the National Income Dynamics Study Wave 2 
Abstract:
				 This paper examines the quality of data on
 household assets, liabilities and net worth in the South African National
 Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) Wave 2. The NIDS is the first nationally
 representative survey on household wealth in South Africa. The
 cross-sectionally weighted data are found to be fit for use in terms of
 the univariate distributions of net worth, assets and liabilities, but
 population totals are probably underestimated due to the presence of
 missing wealth data in Phase 2 of Wave 2 that is not taken into account in
 the weights. When compared with national accounts estimates of household
 net worth, there is an apparent inversion of the estimated totals of
 financial assets versus non-financial assets. Further research is required
 into why this is so. We find that the NIDS wealth module is a suitable
 instrument for the analysis of household wealth.			
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 31-50 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.858308 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.858308 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:1:p:31-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel 
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel 
Title: Self-assessed well-being and economic rank in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 This study explores subjective measures of
 well-being in South Africa collected in the first two waves of the
 National Income Dynamics Study. These subjective measures include
 individual life satisfaction, current self-assessed economic rank and
 expected economic rank in the future. The paper describes how the
 distributions of these measures have changed over the course of the panel
 and it investigates the relationship between life satisfaction and
 perceived economic rank in a multivariate context, controlling for
 individual fixed effects. The panel data suggest a leftward shift in the
 distribution of life satisfaction over the two waves. Moreover, the
 majority of adults did not perceive their economic rank as having improved
 and they reported lower expectations of future upward economic mobility.
 Perceptions of current and future economic rank are key correlates of life
 satisfaction, findings that remain robust to controls for unobserved
 individual heterogeneity.			
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 51-64 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.851020 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.851020 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Cichello 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cichello 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: Ingrid Woolard 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woolard 
Title: Winners and losers: South African labour-market dynamics between 2008 and 2010 
Abstract:
				 There is little empirical work in South
 Africa using panel data to describe employment and earnings dynamics. This
 paper contributes by describing labour-market transitions in South Africa
 between 2008 and 2010 for individuals aged 20 to 55 across two waves of
 nationally representative panel data. We find that women had more mobility
 than men into and out of the labour market and employment. However, women
 were less mobile between kinds of employment and across occupations.
 Casual employment was very unstable, with very few individuals remaining
 in this state. In contrast, there was little mobility out of regular
 employment into other kinds of employment. Average real earnings changes
 were positive for movements into regular employment and negative for
 movements into self-employment or casual employment. Strong movement out
 of semi-skilled occupations was striking, especially for males. In
 multivariate models, being the mother of young children was important in
 leaving regular employment.			 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 65-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.853612 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.853612 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neil Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-First: Neil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Title: New evidence on subjective well-being and the definition of unemployment in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 Access to new nationally representative,
 individual-level panel data from South Africa has allowed for the
 revalidation of Kingdon and Knight's discussion on the definition of
 unemployment. This paper investigates subjective well-being as a measure
 of comparison between labour-market statuses. It finds that on the grounds
 of subjective well-being the non-searching unemployed (or 'discouraged')
 are significantly worse-off than the not economically active. Moreover,
 evidence suggests that, with regard to the relationship between life
 satisfaction and labour-market status, the non-searching unemployed
 consistently are the worst-off. This is especially true of both the young
 and senior non-searching unemployed; however, the findings are largely
 driven by the African subsample. This paper does not advocate for a change
 in the official definition of unemployment but does advocate for the
 inclusion and recognition of the non-searching unemployed in policy
 relating to labour and development in South Africa.		      
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 85-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.864513 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.864513 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicola Branson 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Branson 
Author-Name: Clare Hofmeyr 
Author-X-Name-First: Clare 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hofmeyr 
Author-Name: David Lam 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lam 
Title: Progress through school and the determinants of school dropout in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 The release of the National Income
 Dynamics Study Wave 2 provides the first nationally representative
 longitudinal data collected in South Africa, making it possible to study
 transitions in and out of school, across grades and into work, in ways not
 previously possible. We illustrate the high levels of grade repetition
 evident in South African schools and show how school completion presents a
 significant hurdle with very few youth successfully matriculating. Exit
 from school does not offer any advantages as most youth find themselves
 idle once they have left school. Our regression analysis investigates
 correlates of school dropout and shows that falling behind is a key
 determinant of school dropout, even after controlling for school quality
 and socio-economic status. Those behind but attending higher quality
 schools are partially protected from dropping out. Some evidence that
 credit constraints may be related to dropout is found, especially among
 males. 		       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 106-126 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.853610 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.853610 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:1:p:106-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cally Ardington 
Author-X-Name-First: Cally 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ardington 
Author-Name: Boingotlo Gasealahwe 
Author-X-Name-First: Boingotlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasealahwe 
Title: Mortality in South Africa: Socio-economic profile and association with self-reported health 
Abstract:
				 This paper exploits the first two waves of
 the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) to describe the socio-economic
 profile of mortality and to assess whether self-rated health status is
 predictive of mortality between waves. Mortality rates in NIDS are in line
 with estimates from official death notification data and display the
 expected hump of excess mortality in early and middle adulthood due to
 AIDS, with the excess peaking earlier for women than for men. We find
 evidence of a socio-economic gradient in mortality, with higher rates of
 mortality for individuals from asset-poor households and with lower levels
 of education. Consistent with evidence from many industrialised countries
 and a few developing countries, we find self-rated health to be a
 significant predictor of two-year mortality, an association that remains
 after controlling for socio-economic status and several other subjective
 and objective measures of health.		       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 127-145 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.853611 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.853611 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:1:p:127-145




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lloyd Grieger 
Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grieger 
Author-Name: April Williamson 
Author-X-Name-First: April 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williamson 
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt 
Author-X-Name-First: Murray 
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt 
Author-Name: James Levinsohn 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Levinsohn 
Title: Evidence of short-term household change in South Africa from the National Income Dynamics Study 
Abstract:
				 We use longitudinal data from the National
 Income Dynamics Study to document the extent of recent short-term
 residential and household compositional change in South Africa. We analyse
 the demographic correlates of these transitions, including population
 group, age, urban/rural status, and income. We examine educational and
 labour-market transitions among movers and the prevalence of the four
 major types of compositional change -- births, addition of joiners,
 deaths, and loss of leavers. We find that short-term household change is
 prevalent in South Africa. During a two-year period from 2008 to 2010,
 10.5% of South Africans moved residence and 61.3% experienced change in
 household composition. We find that moving is more common among blacks and
 whites, very young children, young adults, urban individuals, and those
 with higher incomes. Among non-movers, compositional change is more likely
 for blacks and coloureds, young adults and children, females, urban
 individuals, and individuals with lower incomes.			
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 146-167 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.851022 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.851022 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:1:p:146-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rowan Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Rowan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Author-Name: Katherine Eyal 
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eyal 
Title: Microeconomic determinants of spatial mobility in post-apartheid South Africa: Longitudinal evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study 
Abstract:
				 Migration, important for many areas in
 development, is strongly related to employment. Debate over labour supply
 in developing countries frequently hinges on labour migration. This paper
 examines the determinants of spatial mobility of working-age adults in
 South Africa, using the first nationally representative longitudinal
 survey -- the National Income Dynamics Study -- for 2008--10. The paper
 outlines the unique advantages of these data for the study of individual
 mobility -- data that open the possibility of a new research project.
 Specifically, it asks how policy-relevant programmes, such as social
 transfers and housing assistance, affect migration. This paper finds, on
 balance, that transfers are negatively correlated with subsequent
 relocation. Previous migration is also predictive of future migration and
 both are tightly related to attrition, while there is an increasing but
 strongly non-linear relationship between income and mobility. Further, we
 highlight potential pitfalls -- including attrition, and definitional
 difficulties -- in the study of migration and illustrate possible
 solutions.		       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 168-194 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.857592 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.857592 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:1:p:168-194




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Chitiga Mabugu 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chitiga Mabugu 
Title: Special Issue: Redistribution for equitable development in South Africa 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 195-196 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.877379 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.877379 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:195-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Title: Inequality, poverty and prospects for redistribution 
Abstract:
				 This paper demonstrates that poverty and
 inequality trends can diverge. It then discusses inequality trends and
 shows that, despite measurement issues, there is consensus that inequality
 is very high and has been rising over much of the post-transition period.
 Due to rising inequality within all groups, and particularly the black
 population, and lower inequality between race groups, within-group
 inequality has become the dominant form of inequality. That does not,
 however, detract from the fact that inequality between groups is still
 very large. High income inequality largely stems from inequality in access
 to wage income, due more to wage inequality than to unemployment. A Gini
 coefficient for wage income amongst the employed of above 0.60 effectively
 sets a floor to overall income inequality. The high wage premium to
 educated workers derives from a combination of a skills shortage at the
 top end of the educational spectrum, driving up their wages, and a surfeit
 of poorly-educated workers competing for scarce unskilled jobs dampening
 unskilled wages; if the unemployed were to find jobs, it would be in this
 bottom part of the wage distribution, and consequently this would not much
 reduce wage inequality. A continuation of the historical pattern whereby
 only a small segment of the population obtained good schooling would leave
 the structures underlying the large wage premium unaltered. The time frame
 for substantial inequality reduction is thus necessarily a long one, while
 poverty reduction efforts should not wait for this to occur.		    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 197-218 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.871196 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.871196 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:197-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Author-Name: David Tseng 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tseng 
Author-Name: Benjamin Stanwix 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanwix 
Title: Pro-poor growth and social protection in South Africa: Exploring the interactions 
Abstract:
				 This study evaluates the impact of South
 Africa's long-term economic growth on household poverty and inequality
 between 1995 and 2005. We find a decline in aggregate levels of poverty,
 but increasing levels of inequality. The evidence suggests that the growth
 model provides substantial redistributive income support to the poor
 through the social grant programme, whilst offering few returns to those
 in the middle of the distribution.		       
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 219-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.878242 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.878242 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:219-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Black 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Black 
Author-Name: Heinrich Gerwel 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinrich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gerwel 
Title: Shifting the growth path to achieve employment intensive growth in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 'Employment intensive growth' has become a
 centrepiece of government policy and implies that at any given level of
 growth, the economy needs to become more labour absorbing. State
 intervention (or the lack of it) is examined in two areas that are
 important for employment -- agriculture and manufacturing. In the case of
 agriculture, it is argued that declining and ineffective state support has
 accelerated the rationalisation of commercial agriculture and failed to
 regenerate agriculture in the former Bantustans. With regard to the
 manufacturing sector, we argue that since 1994 the government has set a
 multiplicity of objectives but, de facto, there has been a surprising
 level of continuity in the overly generous assistance for heavy,
 capital-intensive industry. This paper argues that the negative impact of
 previous 'distortions' requires much more than a levelling of the playing
 field via market-based reforms. Pro-employment policies have to be placed
 at the centre of the policy agenda.			    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 241-256 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.871198 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.871198 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:241-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramos Mabugu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ramos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabugu 
Author-Name: Margaret Chitiga Mabugu 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chitiga Mabugu 
Title: Can trade liberalisation in South Africa reduce poverty and inequality while boosting economic growth? Macro--micro reflections 
Abstract:
				 South Africa is trapped in a cycle of
 modest growth, unacceptable poverty levels and record unemployment. This
 has led to renewed interest on the relationship between macro (growth) and
 micro (poverty and distribution) issues. This paper uses a macro--micro
 tool that couples a computable general equilibrium model with
 microsimulation models to examine the impact of further unilateral trade
 policy reforms on growth, poverty and welfare. Trade liberalisation alone
 has very minimal short-run macroeconomic consequences while its long-term
 impacts are positive and magnified by technical factor productivity (TFP)
 effects. Trade liberalisation has no appreciable impact on poverty in the
 short run even if we allow for trade-induced TFP increases. In the long
 run, however, poverty reduces even in the case when we do not allow for
 TFP increases. Trade liberalisation policy has been found to be
 progressive despite the low level of tariff protection remaining in South
 Africa.		      
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 257-274 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.871197 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.871197 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:257-274




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nara F Monkam 
Author-X-Name-First: Nara F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Monkam 
Title: Local municipality productive efficiency and its determinants in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 This paper assesses the technical
 efficiency of 231 local municipalities in South Africa for 2007 and
 investigates the potential determinants of efficiency gaps using the
 non-parametric data envelopment analysis technique. Efficiency scores are
 explained in a second-stage regression model using a Tobit regression
 model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt, using such
 a technique, to assess technical efficiency at the local government level
 in the African context. The results show that, on average, B1 and B3
 municipalities could have theoretically achieved the same level of basic
 services with about 16% and 80% fewer resources respectively. Furthermore,
 fiscal autonomy and the number and skill levels of the top management of a
 municipality's administration were found to influence the productive
 efficiency of municipalities in South Africa. Perhaps most importantly,
 the results depict a bleak picture of the democratic behaviour at the
 local level in South Africa. It appears that higher income and highly
 educated households do not feel the incentive to be active participants in
 public decision-making processes. The paper findings raise concerns over
 the future of local municipalities in the country, especially about their
 capability to efficiently deliver expected outcomes on a sustainable
 basis. 		 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 275-298 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.875888 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.875888 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:275-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tendai Gwatidzo 
Author-X-Name-First: Tendai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gwatidzo 
Author-Name: Busani Moyo 
Author-X-Name-First: Busani 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo 
Title: Impact of employment protection legislation on employment and exporting in select African countries 
Abstract:
				 Labour market flexibility is an important
 issue in both development and labour economics. More flexibility in the
 labour market is believed to facilitate job creation, but also makes it
 easy for employers to terminate employment contracts and may be in
 conflict with the notion of decent jobs as promoted by the International
 Labour Organization and workers' unions. It is therefore not surprising
 that labour market flexibility or inflexibility has received a lot of
 attention in the extant literature. Using a sample of about 4700 firms
 from six African countries, we investigate the impact of restrictive
 labour regulation on a number of economic outcomes and find that more
 restrictive labour market regulations are detrimental to export
 propensity, export intensity, investment and employment. Policy-makers
 must be cautious, however, when implementing employment regulations as too
 flexible regulations may benefit employers at the expense of employees.    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 299-321 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.880877 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.880877 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:299-321




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miracle Ntuli 
Author-X-Name-First: Miracle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli 
Author-Name: Prudence Kwenda 
Author-X-Name-First: Prudence 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwenda 
Title: Labour unions and wage inequality among African men in South Africa 
Abstract:
				 One Achilles' heel of post-Apartheid South
 Africa is the growing intra-racial income inequality, particularly among
 Africans. This paper examines the role of labour unions in explaining this
 phenomenon among African men given that labour markets are at the core of
 income inequality in South Africa. Using cross-sectional data drawn from
 Labour Force Surveys for 2001--10, we find a monotonically declining union
 wage premium. Further, our results indicate that unions have both
 compressionary and disequalising effects on wages. The disequalising
 effect dominates the compressionary effect, suggesting that unions have a
 net effect of increasing wage inequality among African men in South
 Africa. This finding implies that there is scope for unions to reduce
 inequality through initiatives that promote wage compression.		    
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 322-346 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.872984 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.872984 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:322-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miriam Altman 
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Altman 
Author-Name: Zitha Mokomane 
Author-X-Name-First: Zitha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mokomane 
Author-Name: Gemma Wright 
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright 
Title: Social security for young people amidst high poverty and unemployment: Some policy options for South Africa 
Abstract:
				 South African youth experience extremely
 high levels of unemployment and poverty. Currently there is no social
 assistance for low-income young adults in South Africa unless they are
 disabled. Interventions are needed that can achieve widespread poverty
 alleviation, as well as help facilitate economic participation to improve
 lifelong earnings. In this article, six examples of social security policy
 options are considered, including five grants ranging from an
 unconditional non-means-tested grant for young people to a conditional
 grant for young people in training or education, plus an 'Opportunities
 voucher' that is administered through the social security system but paid
 out to organisations offering youth education or work opportunities. Using
 a tax and benefit microsimulation model to simulate the five grants, we
 estimate the potential numbers reached and cost, as well as the impact of
 these six options on poverty.			   
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 347-362 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.873346 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2013.873346 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:2:p:347-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen 
Author-Name: Monkgogi Lenao 
Author-X-Name-First: Monkgogi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenao 
Title: Integrating tourism to rural development and planning in the developing world 
Abstract:
 <italic>In the past few decades, rural areas have experienced major
 socioeconomic changes. Due to modernisation and deepening globalisation,
 the economic and employment potential of many traditional livelihoods has
 decreased. Currently tourism is increasingly seen as a relevant tool for
 addressing rural problems in developing countries and tourism is actively
 used for economic diversification and opening up new ways to generate
 income and employment. However, many development models, such as
 integrated rural tourism (IRT) with emphasis on co-planning, learning and
 participation, originate from the Global North. This calls for careful
 considerations when such models are applied to the Global South's rural
 contexts. This research note discusses some of the key challenges of rural
 tourism development, especially related to the integration of the tourism
 industry and rural communities in developing countries, and overviews the
 applicability and conditions of the IRT framework as a potential approach
 for rural tourism development in the developing world.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 363-372 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.888334 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.888334 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:363-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Riaan Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw 
Author-Name: Philippus C Cloete 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippus C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete 
Title: Game ranching inter-sectoral linkages: A structural path analysis for South Africa 
Abstract:
 Unfamiliarity with the economic structure of the game ranching sector is
 regarded as one of the reasons why questions are raised with regard to the
 potential economic impact of continued growth in the sector. This study
 employs structural path analysis to provide a better understanding and
 subsequently improves the ability to conceptualise the potential economic
 impact of the sector. Amongst others, results revealed strong economic
 links between the community, social and personal, chemicals and chemical
 products, manufacturing and equipment, transport equipment, business
 services sector, and so forth, either directly or indirectly, and the game
 ranching sector. The same accounts for income distribution, with
 households receiving income from production activities in other sectors
 that are directly or indirectly generated by stimulus within the game
 ranching sector. Finally, results underline the fact that game ranching
 has the potential for making a meaningful contribution towards economic
 and socioeconomic challenges in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 373-396 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.887999 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.887999 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:373-396




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liza Rose Cirolia 
Author-X-Name-First: Liza Rose 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cirolia 
Title: South Africa's Emergency Housing Programme: A prism of urban contest 
Abstract:
 The Emergency Housing Programme (EHP) is an important subsidy tool in
 South Africa. The EHP was designed to realise the right to housing and
 ensure that municipalities rapidly respond to emergency housing
 situations. However, the programme's implementation has been harshly
 critiqued by activists, academics, and even other state departments, for a
 range of valid reasons. This paper explores the findings of a year-long
 research project consisting mainly of case studies, interviews, workshops
 and policy review aimed at understanding these criticisms. The research
 found that the EHP implementers are constrained by conflicted urban
 development imperatives that include: systemic housing demand, building
 investment-friendly and efficient cities, and other developmental
 programmes. This paper argues for a reading of the implementation of EHP
 as problematic prioritisation, rather than simply one of poor provision.
 In this way, EHP serves as a prism for urban contest and advocate for more
 strategic, holistic, and progressive urban decision-making.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 397-411 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.887998 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.887998 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:397-411




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris W Callaghan 
Author-X-Name-First: Chris W 
Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan 
Title: Development and gender: Longitudinal entrepreneurial gender effects of the inner-city Johannesburg street-trading context 
Abstract:
 An empirical investigation was undertaken into entrepreneurial gender
 effects within the inner-city street-trading context of Johannesburg, a
 large South African city. A cross-sectional non-parametric quantitative
 research design was applied in each of three consecutive years, 2008, 2009
 and 2010, and a longitudinal investigation was enabled. Differences in
 earnings, rental stand operation, and the effects of specific and general
 human capital by gender were tested using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis
 methods. Further testing of the non-parametric associations of each factor
 by gender was undertaken using non-parametric Spearman rho and Kendall tau
 measures. Male traders are found to earn more. However, a return on
 specific and general human capital is found for female traders. Security
 threats in this context might have a disproportionate effect on female
 street traders, and most specifically on female street traders of foreign
 origin.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 412-426 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.887995 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.887995 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:412-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vincenzo Salvucci 
Author-X-Name-First: Vincenzo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvucci 
Title: Health provider choice and implicit rationing in healthcare: Evidence from Mozambique 
Abstract:
 An analysis of health provider choice together with a model of implicit
 rationing in healthcare is presented using Mozambique as a case study. We
 make use of the Mozambican Household Surveys on Living Conditions 2002/3
 and 2008/9. Updated and sometimes contrasting results with respect to
 similar analyses on older Mozambican data are obtained. In particular, we
 find that the role of income is more important in 2002/3 and in 2008/9
 than it was in 1996/7. In consequence, we further expand the analysis by
 studying how socioeconomic disparities among other factors influence
 implicit rationing in healthcare. When using the 2008/9 survey only,
 moderate evidence that some sort of implicit healthcare rationing is in
 place is found; that is, some people do not seek care because they foresee
 they will not be granted quality healthcare access or treatment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 427-451 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.887996 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.887996 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:427-451




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Hitayezu 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hitayezu 
Author-Name: Julius Juma Okello 
Author-X-Name-First: Julius Juma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okello 
Author-Name: Christopher Obel-Gor 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Obel-Gor 
Title: Farm households' participation in rural non-farm employment in post-war Rwanda: Drivers and policy implications 
Abstract:
 Despite the post-war government's unprecedented efforts to stimulate
 growth of the rural non-farm (RNF) sector in Rwanda, evidence suggests
 that participation in this sector remains low compared with other
 developing and transition economies. This study investigates the micro and
 meso-level factors defining farm household's capacity and incentives to
 participate in RNF employment in the post-war Rwanda. Based on the
 household's time allocation theory, this study employs household survey
 data collected in Gisagara District in a double-hurdle regression. The
 results reveal that female-headedness, labour availability, education,
 social networks, access to finance and rural towns increase the
 probability of participating in RNF activities, whereas for participating
 households, the time allocated to RNF activities tends to decrease with
 age, land productivity, distance to market and dispersed settlements. The
 article concludes with key implications for rural development policies
 such as basic education and umudugudu settlements.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 452-474 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.889560 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.889560 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:452-474




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara Grobbelaar 
Author-X-Name-First: Sara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar 
Author-Name: Paul Gauch� 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gauch� 
Author-Name: Alan Brent 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brent 
Title: Developing a competitive concentrating solar power industry in South Africa: Current gaps and recommended next steps 
Abstract:
 The paper provides an overview of the attractiveness of the global
 concentrating solar power (CSP) industry, analyses South Africa's current
 capabilities in developing a CSP manufacturing capacity, and then makes
 recommendations regarding policy measures and an associated industry
 roadmap for developing a competitive CSP industry in South Africa. The
 analyses highlight that cost reduction is currently the most important
 stumbling block for the large-scale rollout of CSP. From a supply, or
 technology-push, perspective, changes such as cost-effective production
 methods, improved products through directed research and development, and
 reductions in operating and installation costs could be implemented. From
 a demand, or technology-pull, perspective, more ambitious targets need to
 be incorporated into the current South African policies with reliable
 support schemes to ensure long-term investment security for CSP systems.
 Recommendations are made accordingly. Specifically, South Africa should
 continue to promote strategic collaborations with potential CSP investors
 to access funding possibilities for projects.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 475-493 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.891971 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.891971 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:475-493




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas N Ngepah 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas N 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngepah 
Title: International trade and agricultural production: Evidence from the Southern African Development Community sub-region 
Abstract:
 Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries have undertaken
 substantial reforms in market liberalisation policies and regional
 integration initiatives. Theory suggests that trade can affect output
 through the exploitation of comparative advantage, increasing return to
 scale, liberalisation policies and technology. This work investigates the
 impact of agricultural exports to, machinery and chemical imports from and
 tariffs on agricultural products by total partners to the Southern African
 Customs' Union, SADC, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world on
 agricultural production. Following Hausman tests, three panel fixed-effect
 models are estimated. The first is for aggregate machinery imports,
 chemicals imports and agricultural exports. The second is for
 disaggregated exports and imports according to the respective destination
 and source regions above. The third is for aggregate imports and
 disaggregated tariffs implemented by the various export destination
 regions toward the SADC. The results agree with the theory that
 international trade is good for development. Agricultural market expansion
 through export opportunities and access to inputs are significant sources
 of agricultural production enhancement in the SADC region. Tariffs
 barriers to agricultural exports are found to be significant impediments
 to agricultural production. However, the disparity of effects by export
 destination and the insignificance of the impact of trade with the rest of
 Africa are worth emphasising.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 494-514 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.888333 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.888333 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:494-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andr� C Jordaan 
Author-X-Name-First: Andr� C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan 
Title: Regional integration in Africa versus higher levels of intra-Africa trade 
Abstract:
 Regional integration arrangements have mushroomed worldwide, both on
 intra-regional and extra-regional levels. On an intra-regional level,
 Africa faces a complicated grid of multiple and overlapping membership of
 several regional integration organisations, aiming to increase
 intra-regional trade and cooperation. In this study, a comparative
 analysis will be executed, based on an intra-regional breakdown of trade,
 using the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa classification of
 countries according to geographical region. The level of intra-regional
 trade will be determined, whereafter the level of inter-regional trade
 will be established and, lastly, trade with the rest of the world. It
 seems that despite the high level of regional integration within Africa,
 it does not necessarily stimulate intra-Africa trade to expected levels as
 proposed by literature. A regional integration strategy that would cause
 deeper integration is crucial if the continent is to play a rightful role
 in the global arena.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 515-534 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.887997 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.887997 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:515-534




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nana Adowaa Boateng 
Author-X-Name-First: Nana Adowaa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Boateng 
Title: Does public expenditure management matter for education outcomes? 
Abstract:
 <italic>This paper examines the significance of public expenditure
 management for primary education outcomes in public schools in two South
 African provinces (Gauteng and North West). Using cross-sectional data
 from 175 public primary schools and 13 local education offices, the
 analysis finds that while misappropriation of education funds (leakages)
 is not strongly associated with poor education outcomes, delays on the
 part of the government in disbursing funds to schools are correlated with
 Grade 5 dropout rates. The paper finds no evidence that public expenditure
 and total resource wealth (including public and private contributions) are
 significantly associated with education outcomes. Increased spending on
 learning and teaching support materials is associated strongly with lower
 Grade 1 and Grade 7 repetition rates. The paper also finds that repetition
 rates are driven strongly by poverty indicators at the district level,
 while dropout rates are driven strongly by district and school
 inefficiency.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 535-552 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.906299 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.906299 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:4:p:535-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cobus Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Cobus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Ada Jansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen 
Title: Increasing Block Tariff structures as a water subsidy mechanism in South Africa: An exploratory analysis 
Abstract:
 <italic>The primary goals of water pricing are to ensure that water is
 used sparingly and that sufficient revenues are earned. Pricing can,
 however, also be used to address equity concerns. One such policy often
 applied in developing countries is to charge a higher marginal price as
 consumption increases, to encourage a more efficient use of water, and to
 finance water subsidies by cross-subsidising water use. However, in
 reality water subsidies do not necessarily reach their intended
 beneficiaries. This paper explores the efficacy of such a pricing
 structure in subsidising water consumption for poor households in South
 Africa. The main finding is that this pricing structure does not ensure
 that water subsidies reach the intended targets; that is, the poorest. A
 further important result from these findings is that the magnitude of
 redistribution via the water tariff system is relatively small compared
 with other components of social spending.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 553-562 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.906915 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.906915 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:4:p:553-562




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sugen Chetty 
Author-X-Name-First: Sugen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chetty 
Author-Name: John M Luiz 
Author-X-Name-First: John M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Luiz 
Title: The experience of private investment in the South African water sector: The Mbombela Concession 
Abstract:
 <italic>South Africa is a water-stressed country that over a protracted
 period has suffered from poor water service delivery. The major problems
 are inefficient operations, lack of capacity in spending allocated
 budgets, unclear management structures, and a long-term decline in capital
 expenditure. Economists have long argued that private investment will
 bring good fiscal control and efficient structures and will improve
 service delivery. However, there may be trade-offs between this improved
 economic efficiency and the necessity to pursue more egalitarian social
 outcomes. The purpose of this research is to explore the experience of
 private-sector investment on operational efficiencies and social
 objectives in the South African water sector in the Mbombela Concession.
 The study concludes that, in this case, private investment has enhanced
 service delivery by improving efficiency, technical skills and the
 capacity to spend allocated budgets without any significant negative
 impacts on equitable water distribution.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 563-580 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.907536 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.907536 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart 
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart 
Title: Changing the world one systematic review at a time: A new development methodology for making a difference 
Abstract:
 <italic>This paper presents a methodology that is increasingly being
 adopted in international development, namely systematic review. It starts
 from the premise that rigorous and structured systematic reviews of
 research evidence have the potential to 'change the world' by providing
 accurate comprehensive summaries of knowledge for decision-makers, and
 goes on to outline the key processes involved in conducting these reviews.
 It outlines the methodology in terms of the key research stages of:
 establishing your review question, collecting data, analysis, reflecting
 on the strengths of your methods, and drawing conclusions. In doing so, it
 lays down a challenge to development researchers, to engage with the
 approach and improve the rigour of our literature reviews.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 581-590 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.907537 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.907537 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andr� C Jordaan 
Author-X-Name-First: Andr� C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan 
Title: The impact of trade facilitation factors on South Africa's exports to a selection of African countries 
Abstract:
 <italic>Economic growth can be enhanced through increased trade among
 countries, provided the correct institutional structures are in place. A
 country's trade is dependent not only on its own trade facilitation
 reforms but also on those of the trading partners. This paper, using an
 augmented gravity model, examines trade facilitation factors that impact
 on South Africa's exports to other selected African countries. The results
 of the estimation reveal the following. An improvement in the customs
 environment within the importing country provides the largest gain in
 terms of increasing trade flows, followed by the regulatory environment
 and domestic infrastructure. Furthermore, adjacency and common language
 impact positively on South African exports, while distance between
 countries impacts negatively on it. Being part of the Southern African
 Development Community is also enhancing exports from South Africa,
 compared with being part of the East African Community.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 591-605 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.907535 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.907535 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Le Roux 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Le Roux 
Author-Name: Kenneth M K Bengesi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth M K 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengesi 
Title: Dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and small and medium enterprise performance in emerging economies 
Abstract:
 <italic>The removal of trade barriers has encouraged the entry of new
 competitors into formerly protected markets. This situation creates
 pressure on many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies
 such as Tanzania. Using a survey method and cross-sectional research
 design, the research examines three dimensions of entrepreneurial
 orientation (EO), namely: pro-activeness, risk-taking and competitive
 aggressiveness. Understanding their relationships and variance may help to
 improve our ability to explain SME performance. The findings contribute to
 how SME performance in emerging economies can be enhanced to enable SMEs
 to face challenges posed by competitor influx in the context of an open
 market economy. The findings indicate a strong relationship between EO
 dimensions and performance, with risk-taking and competitive
 aggressiveness moderating the effect of pro-activeness. The proposed model
 could predict 72% of the variance explained in SME performance.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 606-624 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.913474 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.913474 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nelson Mango 
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mango 
Author-Name: Byron Zamasiya 
Author-X-Name-First: Byron 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zamasiya 
Author-Name: Clifton Makate 
Author-X-Name-First: Clifton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makate 
Author-Name: Kefasi Nyikahadzoi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kefasi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyikahadzoi 
Author-Name: Shephard Siziba 
Author-X-Name-First: Shephard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba 
Title: Factors influencing household food security among smallholder farmers in the Mudzi district of Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
 <italic>This article examines factors influencing household food security
 among smallholder farmers in Mudzi district of Zimbabwe. Data for this
 study were collected from 120 randomly selected households, using a
 structured questionnaire. Analytical techniques employed included
 descriptive statistics of respondents' characteristics and linear
 regression analysis to identify factors influencing their household food
 security. The results show that household dietary diversity is influenced
 by the age and education of the household head, household labour and size,
 livestock ownership, access to market information and remittances. Linear
 regression on another indicator, the household food insecurity access
 score, shows that labour, education of the household head, household size,
 remittances, livestock ownership and access to market information all
 affect household food security. The study therefore recommends that
 government and other development agencies enhance food security among
 smallholders through promoting labour-saving technologies, enhancing the
 flow of remittances to rural areas, facilitating access to market
 information, and farmer education.</italic>
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 625-640 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.911694 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.911694 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Najma Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-First: Najma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 641-641 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.937525 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.937525 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristy Faccer 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Faccer 
Author-Name: Anton Nahman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nahman 
Author-Name: Michelle Audouin 
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Audouin 
Title: Interpreting the green economy: Emerging discourses and their considerations for the Global South 
Abstract:
 The green economy concept promises to provide a concrete roadmap to the
 implementation of sustainable development while delivering significant
 social and economic benefits and reduced environmental risks. However, the
 concept of a green economy is still being debated and the emerging
 discourse has yet to be fully interpreted within the industrial,
 institutional and socio-economic realities of many countries, including
 particularly emerging and developing nations. This paper traces the
 origins of the concept, providing the context for its current traction
 globally, and then introduces three emerging agendas around the green
 economy: 'the incrementalist discourse', 'the reformist discourse' and
 'the transformative discourse'. The paper ends with a discussion of the
 application of key themes within these discourses in the context of
 southern Africa and considerations as the green economic debate evolves.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 642-657 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.933700 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.933700 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Najma Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-First: Najma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed 
Author-Name: Edwin Maitho 
Author-X-Name-First: Edwin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maitho 
Author-Name: Eugenia Masvikeni 
Author-X-Name-First: Eugenia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Masvikeni 
Author-Name: Riaan Fourie 
Author-X-Name-First: Riaan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie 
Author-Name: Mahommed Tilly 
Author-X-Name-First: Mahommed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tilly 
Author-Name: Nomsa Zondi 
Author-X-Name-First: Nomsa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zondi 
Title: The Green Fund of South Africa: Origins, establishment and first lessons 
Abstract:
 The Green Fund is a national fund aimed at supporting South Africa's
 transition towards a green economy. The Fund, managed by the Development
 Bank of Southern Africa on behalf of the Department of Environmental
 Affairs, is a three-year programme promoting innovative and high-impact
 green interventions. The Green Fund is mandated to provide catalytic
 finance to project initiation and development; policy and research
 development; and capacity-building initiatives that have the potential to
 support South Africa's transition to a green economy. This paper provides
 insights into the establishment of the Green Fund and draws out lessons
 for the development and growth of environmental finance capabilities in
 southern Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 658-674 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.935295 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.935295 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Turok 
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok 
Author-Name: Jacqueline Borel-Saladin 
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline 
Author-X-Name-Last: Borel-Saladin 
Title: Is urbanisation in South Africa on a sustainable trajectory? 
Abstract:
 Urbanisation is an important but contested process because of its
 far-reaching social, economic and environmental implications. The paper
 explores the relationship between urbanisation and living conditions in
 South Africa over the last decade. The central question addressed is
 whether population growth in the main cities has been accompanied by
 improved living standards, housing and public services. One finding is
 that employment growth has tended to coincide with demographic trends,
 which is necessary to reduce poverty. In addition, the provision of urban
 infrastructure has outstripped population growth, resulting in better
 access to essential services and reduced backlogs. In contrast, the
 provision of affordable housing has not kept pace with household growth,
 so more people than ever are living in shacks. A more comprehensive
 assessment is required before one can be sure that urbanisation is on a
 sustainable trajectory.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 675-691 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.937524 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.937524 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Gauch� 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gauch� 
Author-Name: Alan C Brent 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brent 
Author-Name: Theodor W von Backstr�m 
Author-X-Name-First: Theodor W 
Author-X-Name-Last: von Backstr�m 
Title: Concentrating solar power: Improving electricity cost and security of supply, and other economic benefits 
Abstract:
 The South African solar resource is vast. By utilising this resource
 effectively, concentrating solar power (CSP) offers the ability to
 efficiently store thermal energy until needed for electricity generation.
 This technology can therefore assist the total electricity system to link
 demand and supply. Nevertheless, CSP is still entering the
 commercialisation phase and, as the learning rate sets in, the cost is
 expected to decrease significantly; thus providing a dispatchable
 renewable energy option that is competitive with conventional options. A
 major dilemma needs to be overcome. Until sufficient CSP capacity is
 installed each year, the localisation potential, and the overall economic
 benefit for the country, will not materialise. This in turn could stall
 the technology. This paper presents a techno-economic scenario to show
 that a CSP industry can be established now that exceeds the threshold for
 setting up economies of scale, reduces the cost of electricity, and
 increases energy security.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 692-710 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.930791 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.930791 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James N Blignaut 
Author-X-Name-First: James N 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blignaut 
Author-Name: Leandri van der Elst 
Author-X-Name-First: Leandri 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Elst 
Title: Restoration of natural capital: Mobilising private sector investment 
Abstract:
 This research aims to provide an analysis of the private sector's
 potential contribution to the maintenance of ecosystem services in South
 Africa. While there is widespread support for payment for ecosystem
 services and goods (PES), the development of markets and the making of
 payments are heavily constrained by a number of factors. This constraint
 is because there are barriers to entry and the need to facilitate the
 market-making process. This process could be supported by, among others,
 the establishment of a PES stimulation fund. It is unlikely that the PES
 potential would be realised without such high-level intervention and
 support. The fund has a very important role to play in assisting the
 development of the PES industry in South Africa. Its development enjoys
 overwhelming support, and the role of a financial intermediary is central
 to the success of PES.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 711-720 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.933699 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.933699 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saphira Patel 
Author-X-Name-First: Saphira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel 
Author-Name: Thierry Giordano 
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Giordano 
Title: Environmental assessments for the greening of public infrastructure in South Africa 
Abstract:
 South Africa has announced another massive investment plan in
 infrastructure, amounting to R3.2 billion. This plan takes the guise of a
 National Infrastructure Plan made up of more than 150 projects clustered
 into 18 strategic infrastructure projects. Most of these projects consist
 of long-lived social and economic infrastructures planned to deliver
 services for many decades. Meanwhile, South Africa is reaching its
 environmental boundaries and faces a crucial need to reduce the
 environmental impacts of its development path. Owing to the lump-sum
 investment the projects represent and the lock-in effects they induce once
 projects are built, long-lived infrastructure projects have to be part and
 parcel of the country's decoupling strategy to sustain service delivery
 over the long term, and thereby support economic growth and service
 access. This paper seeks to highlight the role that environmental impact
 assessments and strategic environmental assessments could play in
 supporting the greening of public infrastructure as a decoupling means for
 South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 721-743 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.937856 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.937856 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josephine K Musango 
Author-X-Name-First: Josephine K 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musango 
Author-Name: Alan C Brent 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brent 
Author-Name: Mapula Tshangela 
Author-X-Name-First: Mapula 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tshangela 
Title: Green economy transitioning of the South African power sector: A system dynamics analysis approach 
Abstract:
 Modelling approaches are utilised to understand complex and dynamic
 issues, which are characteristic of the South Africa power sector,
 especially since the sector has been at the centre of green economy
 debates. This paper thus draws on a system dynamics approach that captures
 and represents the dynamic behaviour of transforming the power sector with
 a green economy framework. This was done utilising the South Africa Green
 Economy Model and investigating whether current policies and strategies
 can improve economic growth, while at the same time reducing the impact on
 the environment and providing more employment. In general, the paper shows
 that green economy investments in the power sector provide opportunities
 for achieving the diversification of the energy mix, job creation, as well
 as CO<sub>2eq</sub> emissions reduction. However, more aggressive
 investments are necessary if all of the targets, as laid out in the
 National Development Plan, are to be achieved.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 744-758 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.930792 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.930792 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:5:p:744-758




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julian May 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: May 
Author-Name: Ian M Tim&aelig;us 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tim&aelig;us 
Title: Inequities in under-five child nutritional status in South Africa: What progress has been made? 
Abstract:
 Despite the emphasis given to poverty reduction in policy statements and a
 substantial increase in social spending, money-metric poverty has shown
 little improvement since South Africa's transition to democracy in 1994.
 Alternative approaches to measuring well-being and inequality may show a
 more positive trend. This article uses the 2008 National Income Dynamics
 Study to assess the magnitude of inequalities in under-five child
 malnutrition ascribable to economic status. The article compares these
 results with those of Zere and McIntyre, who analysed similar data
 collected in 1993. In both cases, household income, proxied by per-capita
 household expenditure, was used as the indicator of socio-economic status.
 Children's heights and weights have increased since 1993 and being stunted
 or underweight has become less common. Furthermore, pro-rich inequalities
 in stunting and being underweight have significantly declined since the
 end of apartheid. This suggests that pro-poor improvements in child
 welfare have taken place. Policies that may have contributed to this
 include the Child Support Grant, introduced in 1998, and improvements in
 healthcare and the education of women.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 761-774 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.952896 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.952896 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:761-774




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kurt Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Author-Name: Benn KD Sartorius 
Author-X-Name-First: Benn KD 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartorius 
Author-Name: Mark A Collinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Collinson 
Author-Name: Stephen M Tollman 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tollman 
Title: The dynamics of household dissolution and change in socio-economic position: A survival model in a rural South Africa 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates household dissolution and changes in asset wealth
 (socio-economic position) in a rural South African community containing
 settled refugees. Survival analysis applied to a longitudinal dataset
 indicated that the covariates increasing the risk of forced household
 dissolution were a reduction in socio-economic position (asset wealth),
 adult deaths and the permanent outmigration of more than 40% of the
 household. Conversely, the risk of dissolution was reduced by bigger
 households, state grants and older household heads. Significant spatial
 clusters of former refugee villages also showed a higher risk of
 dissolution after 20 years of permanent residence. A discussion of the
 dynamics of dissolution showed how an outflow/inflow of household assets
 (socio-economic position) was precipitated by each of the selected
 covariates. The paper shows how an understanding of the dynamics of forced
 household dissolution, combined with the use of geo-spatial mapping, can
 inform inter-disciplinary policy in a rural community.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 775-795 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.951991 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.951991 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:775-795




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel Kariuki 
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kariuki 
Author-Name: Zwelakhe Tshandu 
Author-X-Name-First: Zwelakhe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tshandu 
Title: Service delivery frameworks as instruments of citizen empowerment: A tale of two experiences, India and South Africa 
Abstract:
 This paper presents a comparative assessment of South Africa and India's
 service delivery improvement strategies, challenges, successes and lessons
 learnt in advancing their service delivery reform programmes. The cardinal
 argument in the paper is that the public administrative systems adopted
 and inherited in the post-democratic epochs in India and South Africa were
 incapable of meeting the service delivery needs of their respective
 citizens. They epitomised the traditional and hierarchical public
 administrative systems that were the object of reforms in the 1990s. The
 reform initiatives also coincided with global reforms on public
 administration systems taking place under the aegis of the new public
 management framework. A key feature of new public management is its
 application of private-sector ideas to the public sector, such as
 individual accountability. The paper further undertakes a comparative
 review of service delivery improvement frameworks of South Africa
 (<italic>Batho Pele</italic>) and India (<italic>Sevottam</italic>) in
 relation to their objectives and implementation modalities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 796-811 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.952401 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.952401 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:796-811




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Botlhale 
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Botlhale 
Title: The case for gender mainstreaming Botswana's privatisation process 
Abstract:
 Botswana embarked on privatisation in 2000 but the programme is yet to be
 implemented. The objectives of privatisation are to promote citizen
 economic empowerment and to benefit all. Admittedly, these are
 well-intended objectives. However, we pose a question: 'How are these
 objectives going to be achieved?' To answer this question, this paper
 audits the Privatisation Policy of Botswana and Privatisation Master Plan
 to assess the extent to which they are gender inclusive, and concludes
 that they are gender blind and do not address the gender dimensions of
 privatisation. The paper also reviews secondary data such as poverty maps
 and concludes that women suffer socio-economic disenfranchisement and
 would not equally benefit from privatisation. In addition, women would
 disproportionately suffer its adverse effects. For privatisation to
 produce fair outcomes, there is a need to make it gender inclusive. Making
 it gender inclusive would ensure the participation and empowerment of
 socio-economic minorities such as women.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 812-825 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.951989 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.951989 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:812-825




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonwabile Mnwana 
Author-X-Name-First: Sonwabile 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mnwana 
Title: Mineral wealth - 'in the name of <italic>morafe</italic>'? Community control in South Africa's 'Platinum Valley' 
Abstract:
 Direct control of mineral resource wealth by communities in
 resource-endowed regions is advocated as a panacea to conflict and
 fundamental towards attainment of self-determination and local autonomy.
 Based on the study conducted in Royal Bafokeng and Bakgatla Ba Kgafela,
 the two prominent, platinum-rich traditional communities in South Africa's
 North West Province, this article reveals that, although mineral wealth in
 South Africa's platinum-endowed communities such as Royal Bafokeng is
 reportedly distributed 'in the name of morafe' ('community' in Setswana),
 inadequate participation produces polarised local priorities and tensions
 at the grassroots level. Community control of mineral wealth is thus
 likely to paradoxically generate conflict and exclusion at the traditional
 community level, particularly in contexts where participation in mineral
 wealth-engendered community development is championed by traditional
 leaders through customary-derived spaces of local engagement.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 826-842 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.951988 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.951988 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:826-842




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefanie Lemke 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lemke 
Author-Name: Fanie Jansen van Rensburg 
Author-X-Name-First: Fanie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen van Rensburg 
Title: Remaining at the margins: Case study of farmworkers in the North West Province, South Africa 
Abstract:
 This article explores living conditions, livelihoods and prospects of
 farmworkers with regard to land reform legislation. Research was conducted
 from 2004 to 2010 on four farms in the North West Province, interviewing
 farmworkers and farm owners. Representatives of the agricultural union
 Agri North West and land analysts were interviewed to obtain their
 perspective on farm labour. Despite protective legislation, farmworkers'
 living and working conditions have deteriorated. Farmworkers further lack
 alternative livelihood options, perpetuating their dependency on farm
 owners, who are the only ones providing services and some social security.
 Among the main barriers in the empowerment of farmworkers are limited
 insights regarding complex social relationships on farms, the challenge to
 address the specificity of power relations, and the marginalised position
 of farmworkers and their lack of agency in the broader political system.
 Both farmworkers and farm owners need support structures and strengthened
 institutional capacity to gradually change power dynamics.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 843-858 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 31 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.951990 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.951990 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:31:y:2014:i:6:p:843-858




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grace Khunou 
Author-X-Name-First: Grace 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khunou 
Title: Editorial: South Africa's emergent middle class 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.979281 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.979281 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Visagie 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie 
Title: Growth of the middle class: Two perspectives that matter for policy 
Abstract:
 Two very different pictures emerge when one compares income changes of the
 relatively affluent 'middle class' with those of households in the literal
 middle of the income spectrum. In the affluent middle there has been
 significant racial transformation and growth of the 'black middle class'.
 However, households in the actual middle of the income spectrum have
 experienced the lowest income growth of all groups since 1993. Both
 perspectives are crucial in the pursuit of a more equitable path of
 development and have important implications for policy design.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-24 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.965387 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.965387 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:3-24




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Cindy Lee Steenekamp 
Author-X-Name-First: Cindy Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenekamp 
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Author-Name: Asmus Zoch 
Author-X-Name-First: Asmus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zoch 
Title: The emergent middle class in contemporary South Africa: Examining and comparing rival approaches 
Abstract:
 In light of the economic, political and social significance of the middle
 class for South Africa's emerging democracy, we critically examine
 contrasting conceptualisations of social class. We compare four rival
 approaches to empirical estimation of class: an occupational skill
 measure, a vulnerability indictor, an income polarisation approach and
 subjective social status. There is considerable variation in who is
 classified as middle class based on the definition that is employed and,
 in particular, a marked difference between subjective and objective
 notions of social class. We caution against overoptimistic predictions
 based on the growth of the black middle class. While the surge in the
 black middle class is expected to help dismantle the association between
 race and class in South Africa, the analysis suggests that notions of
 identity may adjust more slowly to these new realities and consequently
 racial integration and social cohesion may emerge with a substantial lag.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 25-40 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.975336 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.975336 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:25-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronelle Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Ronelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Megan Louw 
Author-X-Name-First: Megan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Louw 
Author-Name: Brigitte Barbara Isabel de Oliveira Pegado 
Author-X-Name-First: Brigitte Barbara Isabel de Oliveira 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pegado 
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Title: Understanding consumption patterns of the established and emerging South African black middle class 
Abstract:
 Existing empirical research on consumption patterns of the South African
 black middle class leans either on the theory of conspicuous consumption
 or culture-specific utility functions. This paper departs from treatment
 of the black middle class as a homogeneous group. By differentiating
 between a securely established group, with characteristics and consumption
 patterns similar to the white middle class, and an emerging group, often
 with weaker productive characteristics, the paper formally introduces
 economic vulnerability as a driver of consumption patterns. Households new
 to the middle class or uncertain of continued class membership are viewed
 as vulnerable. Consumption patterns of the emerging black middle class are
 observed to diverge substantially from the other groups, in terms of
 greater signalling of social status via visible consumption and
 preoccupation with reducing an historical asset deficit. We expect many of
 its members to join the established classes over time, converging to a new
 'middle class mean'.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 41-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.976855 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.976855 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:41-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asmus Zoch 
Author-X-Name-First: Asmus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zoch 
Title: Life chances and class: Estimating inequality of opportunity for children and adolescents in South Africa 
Abstract:
 This paper aims to determine the degree to which class and socio-economic
 background influence a child's life chances and their future perspectives.
 We build on the growing number of papers that deal with the concept of
 inequality of opportunity. Comparing children from lower and upper
 middle-class households we find significant differences in terms of access
 to basic education, sanitation, clean water and mobility. Our multivariate
 analysis highlights the importance of class membership for schooling
 outcomes and labour market prospects of a child. The single most important
 variable to explain schooling outcomes is mother's education. While income
 seems to be less important for younger ages, it becomes increasingly
 important for the chances of reaching matric and obtaining tertiary
 education. The results are robust for various models and panel data.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 57-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.965386 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.965386 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:57-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nkululeko Mabandla 
Author-X-Name-First: Nkululeko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabandla 
Title: Rethinking Bundy: Land and the black middle class - accumulation beyond the peasantry 
Abstract:
 Based on an assessment of historical data on the black middle class in
 Mthatha, this article argues that South Africa's black middle class has
 considerable time depth. It originated in Bundy's 'peasantry', when
 African farmers started producing for the market and used their surpluses
 to educate their children. After being educated, these children continued
 to accumulate land for farming. Income from the land supplemented their
 salaries, which allowed them to further the education of their own
 children and accumulate additional land and, thus, wealth. Hence the black
 middle class in South Africa is arguably not a post-1994 phenomenon, but
 is rather the result of intra-generational transmission dating back to the
 mid-nineteenth century.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 76-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.974801 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.974801 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:76-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grace Khunou 
Author-X-Name-First: Grace 
Author-X-Name-Last: Khunou 
Title: What middle class? The shifting and dynamic nature of class position 
Abstract:
 Class categorisation should not only be informed by academic pursuits but
 by the lived experiences of those being categorised. A human or
 community-centred definition of class will illustrate the complexities of
 class experience and will thus present a dynamic conceptualisation.
 Through two life-history interviews of two black women from South Africa,
 this article illustrates that middle-classness for blacks during apartheid
 was marred with constant shifts related to the socio-economic and
 political impermanence of class position. Continuous negotiation driven by
 the need to be included in one's own community and the effects of being
 racially othered in interaction with whites and white spaces influences
 these shifts. In conclusion, the article argues that being middle class
 and black is heterogeneously experienced and thus complex.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 90-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.975889 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.975889 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:90-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Detlev Krige 
Author-X-Name-First: Detlev 
Author-X-Name-Last: Krige 
Title: 'Growing up' and 'moving up': Metaphors that legitimise upward social mobility in Soweto 
Abstract:
 A growing body of research on the middle classes in South Africa is
 concerned with patters of consumption while fewer scholars engage with the
 inequality that accompanies greater social differentiation. Little
 existing research addresses the ways in which new members of the black
 middle class legitimise newfound wealth and social mobility. Taking
 inspiration from anthropologists who have documented societal responses to
 changing configurations of wealth and inequality elsewhere in Africa, I
 employ the life-history method to ask how one Sowetan man, who
 self-identifies as being black and middle class, frames his own social
 mobility. I find that spatial metaphors play an important role in
 legitimising social mobility. I also find that one response to accusations
 of materialism and conspicuous consumption levelled against the urban
 black middle class is a renewal of certain cultural practices in which
 private wealth can legitimately be converted into social wealth.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 104-117 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.975337 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.975337 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:104-117




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sophie Chevalier 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chevalier 
Title: Food, malls and the politics of consumption: South Africa's new middle class 
Abstract:
 Consumption has become a central focus in South African politics, one that
 hinges especially on evaluation of the behaviour of the new black middle
 class. Based on an ongoing ethnographic study of Durban, mainly among the
 lower middle or 'professional' class across a range of racial categories,
 the article addresses three aspects of this question: food provisioning
 and consumption across and within the various communities; interaction in
 shared social spaces that were previously segregated, especially shopping
 malls; and moral discourses in the media concerning this new class. The
 so-called 'black diamonds' are a South African urban type of the sort
 labelled by Benjamin as a phantasmagoria. South Africans are willing to
 experiment beyond the boundaries of their native communities and there is
 an emergent national middle-class culture, but there are marked regional
 differences and nothing yet that would amount to 'creolisation'.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 118-129 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.965388 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.965388 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:118-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Sinclair-Smith 
Author-X-Name-First: Ken 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinclair-Smith 
Title: Polycentric development in the Cape Town city-region: Empirical assessment and consideration of spatial policy implications 
Abstract:
 The concept of the 'polycentric urban region' has been popularised both as
 a theoretical concept for understanding regional urban systems in an era
 of reduced transport and communication costs, and as a normative policy
 objective in its own right. This paper explores its relevance to the
 rapidly urbanising Cape Town city-region. First, empirical evidence for
 the emergence of polycentric regional development patterns was considered.
 Shifts in relative settlements sizes (morphological polycentrism) over the
 period 1991-2011 were examined using population data, and patterns of
 inter-settlement interactions (functional polycentrism) were explored by
 analysing commuting information. Contrary to expectations, trends toward
 polycentric development were found to be weak. Second, the paper considers
 the relevance and value of polycentric development thinking for regional
 economic and spatial planning policy, concluding that there are
 insufficient grounds for policy intervention aimed at encouraging
 polycentric regional development or countering the dominance of Cape Town
 in the region.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 131-150 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984378 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984378 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:131-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ada Jansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen 
Author-Name: Mariana Moses 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moses 
Author-Name: Stanford Mujuta 
Author-X-Name-First: Stanford 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mujuta 
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Measurements and determinants of multifaceted poverty in South Africa 
Abstract:
 Poverty, despite being a multifaceted concept, is commonly measured in
 either absolute or relative monetary terms. However, it can also be
 measured subjectively, as people form perceptions on their relative
 income, welfare and life satisfaction. This is the first study that uses
 the National Income Dynamics Study data to analyse poverty across various
 objective and subjective methods. The paper finds that while respondents'
 poverty status varies across methods, blacks remain the racial group most
 likely to be defined as poor by at least one method. The multivariate
 analysis reveals that the impact of some explanatory variables, such as
 experience of negative events, frequency of crime victimisation, health
 status and importance of religious activities, is mixed across methods.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 151-169 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984377 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984377 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:151-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna S Brink 
Author-X-Name-First: Anna S 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brink 
Author-Name: Steven F Koch 
Author-X-Name-First: Steven F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch 
Title: Did primary healthcare user fee abolition matter? Reconsidering South Africa's experience 
Abstract:
 South Africa waived user fees for primary healthcare in 1994 and, again,
 in 1996. The first waiver focused on young children, elderly adults,
 pregnant women and nursing mothers, while the 1996 reform waived fees for
 the remainder of the population, subject to means tests. We take advantage
 of household survey information to examine the impact of the policy on a
 subset of the reform-eligible population. Although it was expected that
 public healthcare facility usage would have increased post reform, no
 statistically significant evidence supported such a claim. Therefore, our
 results are consistent with some very recent research examining the 1994
 reform, but are generally at odds with the general impression in the
 literature that user fee abolition matters when it comes to alleviating
 inequities in access to healthcare.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 170-192 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984373 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984373 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:170-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leander R Buisman 
Author-X-Name-First: Leander R 
Author-X-Name-Last: Buisman 
Author-Name: Pilar Garc�a-G�mez 
Author-X-Name-First: Pilar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garc�a-G�mez 
Title: Inequity in inpatient healthcare utilisation 10 years after Apartheid 
Abstract:
 This paper provides evidence about socioeconomic inequity in inpatient
 healthcare utilisation in South Africa after 10 years of reform after
 Apartheid, and examines which are the contributing determinants. We use
 the South African sample of the World Health Survey from 2002-03 and
 estimate horizontal inequity in inpatient healthcare utilisation using the
 concentration index. We further decompose inequity in inpatient care to
 explore the contribution of the different determinants of use. We find
 that inpatient healthcare utilisation is found to be pro-rich distributed
 in South Africa. The rich are more likely to use inpatient healthcare than
 the poor, given the same level of need. In addition, race is found to be
 the most important contributor (42%) to socioeconomic inequity in
 inpatient healthcare utilisation in South Africa. Gender, education and
 the consumption level are also found to be important contributors, but to
 a lesser degree than race. Our findings provide evidence that
 socioeconomic inequity in inpatient healthcare utilisation still exists in
 post-Apartheid South Africa and that policies, regulations and research
 should contribute to a more equitable utilisation. The implementation of
 National Health Insurance could help to reduce the major problems and
 large (socioeconomic and racial) inequalities of the South African
 healthcare system.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 193-208 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984374 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984374 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:193-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kade Finnoff 
Author-X-Name-First: Kade 
Author-X-Name-Last: Finnoff 
Title: Decomposing inequality and poverty in post-war Rwanda: The roles of gender, education, wealth and location 
Abstract:
 This paper provides an overview of poverty and inequality in post-war
 Rwanda. Rwanda is one of the poorest countries in the world, and has
 recently become one of the most unequal. High levels of poverty and
 inequality have important implications not only in terms of evaluations of
 social welfare, but also for management of social tensions and the
 propensity for violent conflict in the future. This paper uses the first
 two available and nationally representative rounds of household surveys
 -EICV1 2000 and EICV2 2005 - to decompose and identify the major 'sources'
 of poverty and inequality in the country. I find stark differences in
 vulnerability to poverty by region, gender and widow status of the head of
 household. I additionally find important changes in the 'income generating
 functions' of Rwandan households, and that distribution of land and
 financial assets are increasingly important in determining the
 inter-household distribution of income.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 209-228 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984375 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984375 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:209-228




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Val�rie Ongolo-Zogo 
Author-X-Name-First: Val�rie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ongolo-Zogo 
Author-Name: Boniface Ngah Epo 
Author-X-Name-First: Boniface Ngah 
Author-X-Name-Last: Epo 
Title: Sources of inequality in the cost of transport mobility in the city of Yaound�, Cameroon 
Abstract:
 This paper examines the sources of inequality in the cost of transport
 mobility in the city of Yaound�, Cameroon. The variables that measure
 employment, the average distance covered by the respondent, the average
 time to the destination, the cost of fuel, and whether the respondent
 resides in the central business district are positively related to the
 cost of transport mobility. Two variables, travelling by motorcycle and
 the cost of fuel, largely account for inequality in the cost of transport
 mobility. The policy implications of the analysis include the need for
 adequately managing emerging means of transportation, such as motorcycles,
 in cities like Yaound�.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 229-239 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984832 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984832 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:229-239




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Littlewood 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Littlewood 
Title: Corporate social responsibility, mining and sustainable development in Namibia: Critical reflections through a relational lens 
Abstract:
 For its advocates, corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a
 powerful tool through which business and particularly multinationals can
 play a more direct role in global sustainable development. For its
 critics, however, CSR rarely goes beyond business as usual, and is often a
 cover for business practices with negative implications for communities
 and the environment. This paper explores the relationship between CSR and
 sustainable development in the context of mining in Namibia. Drawing upon
 extant literatures on the geographies of responsibility, and referencing
 in-country empirical case-study research, a critical relational lens is
 applied to consider their interaction both historically and in the
 present.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 240-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984833 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984833 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:240-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dick Ranga 
Author-X-Name-First: Dick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranga 
Title: The role of politics in the migration of Zimbabwean teachers to South Africa 
Abstract:
 This paper contributes to the debate on the role played by the political
 crisis in Zimbabwe in causing teacher migration to South Africa in the
 presence of other social and economic drivers. The paper uses data
 collected through a questionnaire self-administered by 100 Zimbabwean
 teachers in South Africa (migrants) and another 100 in Zimbabwe
 (non-migrants). In-depth interviews with a few migrant teachers were used
 to supplement these data. Although it was the second most mentioned reason
 for the teachers' migration to South Africa, the role played by political
 violence or repression in Zimbabwe in causing this migration should not be
 downplayed. Most migrant teachers came from Zimbabwean schools affected by
 political violence to a large extent before or after the 2008 presidential
 elections, especially rural areas. Teachers that held positions or
 distributed opposition party regalia were mostly displaced by violence.
 There is an urgent need for political transformation to more democratic
 rule in Zimbabwe.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 258-273 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2014.984376 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2014.984376 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:2:p:258-273




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robin Nunkoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Robin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nunkoo 
Title: Special issue: Tourism and hospitality development in African economies: Perspectives and challenges 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 275-276 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1021035 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1021035 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:275-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian M Rogerson 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian M 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson 
Title: Tourism and regional development: The case of South Africa's distressed areas 
Abstract:
 Uneven development is a long-established feature of South Africa's space
 economy. Recent policy initiatives have been launched for tourism to be a
 vehicle for regional development. Against the background of international
 debates about tourism and regional development, this article examines the
 tourism economy of South Africa's 23 priority development districts or
 distressed areas that are the current focus of national policy to redress
 uneven development. The nature and growth of tourism occurring in these
 areas is shown to be primarily domestic tourism and concentrated upon
 visiting friends and relatives travel. The prospects for regional
 development ultimately hinge upon leveraging potential assets for leisure
 tourism. Key challenges for incipient tourism-led regional development in
 South Africa are identified.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 277-291 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010713 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010713 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:277-291




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haywantee Ramkissoon 
Author-X-Name-First: Haywantee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramkissoon 
Title: Authenticity, satisfaction, and place attachment: A conceptual framework for cultural tourism in African island economies 
Abstract:
 Small islands often host distinctive resources to influence their future
 through tourism development. Island economies in Africa have witnessed a
 growing number of tourists seeking authentic cultural and natural heritage
 tourism attractions. This paper critically examines and bridges the nexus
 between perceived authenticity, place attachment, place satisfaction and
 cultural behavioural intentions of tourists in African island economies.
 Adopting a theoretical framework from the authenticity literature, and the
 attitude-behaviour framework, this paper develops and proposes a
 conceptual model to investigate how authenticity of a cultural tourism
 attraction might influence place satisfaction, which in turn might
 influence levels of place attachment and prompt cultural behavioural
 intentions of tourists in African island economies. This research
 conceptually contributes to knowledge advocating the associations between
 constructs of authenticity, place satisfaction, place attachment, and
 cultural behavioural intentions of tourists in African island economies.
 Limitations of the study and practical implications for sustainable
 tourism development are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 292-302 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010711 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010711 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:292-302




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizabeth A Kruger 
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth A 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger 
Author-Name: Anneli Douglas 
Author-X-Name-First: Anneli 
Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas 
Title: Constraints to consumption of South Africa's national parks among the emerging domestic tourism market 
Abstract:
 Tourism plays a recognised role in the South African economy, even though
 it is faced with a number of challenges including levels of seasonality,
 geographic spread and differing levels of travel and tourism culture
 within population groups. Literature speaks to the role that domestic
 tourism can play in addressing these challenges. Within the South African
 context, emerging markets are population groups entering the market in
 increasing numbers as domestic tourists, especially those previously
 neglected during the years of segregation through apartheid. The focus of
 this exploratory study was to identify the constraints that deter the
 South African emerging black domestic market from visiting national parks,
 and more specifically the Kruger National Park. A survey of 350
 individuals support existing literature, but highlight the importance of
 time, distance and affordability as constraints to this market. The study
 identifies areas in which products could be adapted, as well as aspects
 that could be considered when formulating marketing messages aimed at this
 market.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 303-319 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010712 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010712 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:303-319




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ko Koens 
Author-X-Name-First: Ko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Koens 
Author-Name: Rhodri Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Rhodri 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Title: Is small beautiful? Understanding the contribution of small businesses in township tourism to economic development 
Abstract:
 The increased importance attached by policy-makers to the anticipated
 developmental effects of tourism in developing countries has been
 insufficiently examined by academic researchers, particularly in the
 context of the contribution of small firms in urban areas. This deficiency
 is addressed by providing a review of existing research followed by an
 analysis of interviews with 90 tourism business located within and outside
 the townships of Langa and Imizamo Yethu, Cape Town, South Africa. The
 findings reveal tensions between the different actors involved in township
 tourism. While the involvement of small, locally owned, businesses is
 beneficial, it is limited by conflicts of interest, lack of trust, limited
 social networks and little attachment to the township locality. The
 discussion highlights the complexity of tourism's role in economic
 development, which has significant implications for local policy-makers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 320-332 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010715 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010715 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:320-332




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Izak van Zyl 
Author-X-Name-First: Izak 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Zyl 
Author-Name: Alessandro Inversini 
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inversini 
Author-Name: Isabella Rega 
Author-X-Name-First: Isabella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rega 
Title: The representation of voluntourism in search engines: The case of South Africa 
Abstract:
 This paper responds to the paucity of research on the linkages between
 voluntourism and digital technology and seeks to understand the online
 representation of the phenomenon in a developing context. In particular,
 the researchers investigate the so-called 'online domain' of voluntourism
 in South Africa. The researchers collected a series of web results from
 search engines and analysed the presence of traditional and social media
 websites, the most relevant presented topics, and the type of
 argumentation found. Results identify the context and representation of
 voluntourism as it transpires virtually. This will contribute to the
 understanding of the interplay between voluntourism and digital
 technology, with specific emphasis on web presence. Ultimately, results
 will shed light on how digitally accessible voluntourism is in South
 Africa and will set the basis for future investigations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 333-349 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010714 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010714 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:333-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wame L Hambira 
Author-X-Name-First: Wame L 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hambira 
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen 
Title: Policy-makers' perceptions of the tourism-climate change nexus: Policy needs and constraints in Botswana 
Abstract:
 Tourism is a key sector for most southern African economies endowed with
 unique natural capital, and the industry is increasingly being used for
 socio-economic development and diversification of national economies in
 the region. However, it has become clearly evident that the natural
 capital upon which the sector depends is highly vulnerable to climate
 change. This has created urgent governmental needs to take action through
 policy formulation and implementation. The paper uses in-depth interviews
 to determine Botswana policy-makers' perceptions of climate change and
 tourism with the aim of determining policy needs and constraints. The
 results reveal that the policy-makers do see climate change as a concern
 requiring urgent establishment of relevant policy. However, they foresee
 inadequate information as well as uncertainties surrounding the impacts of
 climate change on the natural capital. This may hamper the formulation and
 effective implementation of such a policy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 350-362 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010716 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010716 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:350-362




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boopen Seetanah 
Author-X-Name-First: Boopen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seetanah 
Author-Name: Raja Sannassee 
Author-X-Name-First: Raja 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sannassee 
Author-Name: Sawkut Rojid 
Author-X-Name-First: Sawkut 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojid 
Title: The impact of relative prices on tourism demand for Mauritius: An empirical analysis 
Abstract:
 The present study assesses the impact of relative prices on tourism flows
 in Mauritius. To account for dynamism in tourism flows modelling, a
 dynamic time series analysis&nbsp;- namely the vector autoregressive
 model&nbsp;- is employed. The results show that relative price measures
 have a long-run impact on international tourism flows, indicating that
 tourists are sensitive to price levels. The relative average cost in the
 different competing destinations is also reported to be positive and
 significant, indicating that the impact of relative price changes in
 foreign destinations competing with Mauritius tourism matters; thus
 indicating a certain degree of substitutability between Mauritian and its
 regional competitors' tourism. Tourism infrastructure, income in country
 of origin and the island's level of development are confirmed to be key
 factors in the tourist selection decision. Finally, overall, short-run
 estimates confirm the above results.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 363-376 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010717 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010717 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:363-376




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John T Mgonja 
Author-X-Name-First: John T 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mgonja 
Author-Name: Agnes Sirima 
Author-X-Name-First: Agnes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirima 
Author-Name: Kenneth F Backman 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Backman 
Author-Name: Sheila J Backman 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheila J 
Author-X-Name-Last: Backman 
Title: Cultural community-based tourism in Tanzania: Lessons learned and way forward 
Abstract:
 Cultural tourism programmes (CTPs) provide opportunities for rural
 communities to supplement their income. While these programmes are
 intended to empower local people and reduce poverty, the mechanisms used
 for choosing the targeted 'communities' remain largely unexamined. This
 paper analyses the planning, structure and implementation of CTPs as a
 form of community-based tourism in selected areas in Tanzania. Data were
 collected from two CTP groups (10 people in total) and five government
 officials at the national level using in-depth interviews. Analysis was
 carried out using NVIVO for theme generation. Major themes derived include
 lack of clear description of who constitutes CTPs&nbsp;and that existing
 CTPs differ greatly in terms of structure, size, development
 level&nbsp;and resource capacity, and many lack clear benefit-sharing
 mechanisms. There is a need for the government to continue supporting
 these initiatives at all levels, to nurture newly created CTPs and to
 provide continual technical support for the existing ones.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 377-391 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010710 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010710 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:377-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriel Eshun 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eshun 
Author-Name: Eva Tagoe-Darko 
Author-X-Name-First: Eva 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tagoe-Darko 
Title: Ecotourism development in Ghana: A postcolonial analysis 
Abstract:
 Despite growing research on ecotourism in Ghana, it is unclear to what
 extent colonial approaches to forestry and wildlife conservation still
 influence ecotourism in the country. This paper examines ecotourism
 development in Ghana from a postcolonialist perspective. It is based on a
 thematic assessment of primary data from in-depth interviews with a range
 of ecotourism actors. The paper shows that ecotourism in Ghana, much like
 colonial forestry and wildlife conservation, faces challenges such as the
 marginalisation of the local community, the use of neo-crisis narratives,
 a dependence on international forces, and the marginalisation of local
 ecological knowledge. It argues for a holistic approach to the development
 of ecotourism as a win-win strategy for sustainable development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 392-406 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1020218 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1020218 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:392-406




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rita Wairimu Nthiga 
Author-X-Name-First: Rita Wairimu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nthiga 
Author-Name: Ren� Van der Duim 
Author-X-Name-First: Ren� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Duim 
Author-Name: Ingrid J Visseren-Hamakers 
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid J 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visseren-Hamakers 
Author-Name: Machiel Lamers 
Author-X-Name-First: Machiel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamers 
Title: Tourism-conservation enterprises for community livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Kenya 
Abstract:
 Tourism-conservation enterprises (TCEs), such as eco-lodges, are a
 relatively new strategy of the African Wildlife Foundation for enhancing
 community livelihoods and wildlife conservation in wildlife-rich areas
 outside state-protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This article
 investigates the extent to which TCEs succeed in meeting these objectives
 by focusing on two enterprises in Kenya: the Sanctuary at Ol Lentille and
 the Koija Starbeds. Empirical data were gathered between October 2010 and
 March 2013 through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions,
 literature review and document analysis. Both TCEs demonstrated
 significant contributions to employment, education, healthcare and
 security. Compared with the Starbeds, the Sanctuary realised a much larger
 conservation area and more pronounced biodiversity recovery. The analysis
 showed that the contribution of TCEs to livelihoods and biodiversity
 conservation depends on the nature of the partnership arrangement, as well
 as the local, national and international contexts in which they operate.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 407-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1016217 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1016217 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:3:p:407-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas 
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg 
Author-Name: Vijay Reddy 
Author-X-Name-First: Vijay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy 
Author-Name: Dean Janse van Rensburg 
Author-X-Name-First: Dean 
Author-X-Name-Last: Janse van Rensburg 
Title: The evolution of educational inequalities through secondary school: Evidence from a South African panel study 
Abstract:
 Schooling outcomes in South Africa are characterised by significant
 inequalities on the basis of race and socio-economic status. This paper
 reports on findings from a unique panel dataset that follows individuals
 who participated in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science
 Study in 2002 as Grade 8 students through to their secondary
 school-leaving examination (known as 'matric') in Grade 12. The paper
 investigates the extent to which secondary schools differ in converting
 Grade 8 achievement into matric outcomes. Achievement in Grade 8 is
 strongly predictive of survival to matric, passing matric and performance
 in matric. Many students had extremely weak mathematical proficiency in
 Grade 8 and yet decided to take matric mathematics, only to fail the
 subject. Increasing the number of matric mathematics passes is a strong
 policy imperative. Our analysis suggests that the way to achieve this is
 to improve mathematics learning at earlier stages of the school programme
 rather than through indiscriminate mathematics participation in matric.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 425-442 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039710 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039710 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:425-442




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gemma Wright 
Author-X-Name-First: Gemma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright 
Author-Name: David Neves 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neves 
Author-Name: Phakama Ntshongwana 
Author-X-Name-First: Phakama 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntshongwana 
Author-Name: Michael Noble 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Noble 
Title: Social assistance and dignity: South African women's experiences of the child support grant 
Abstract:
 Many women interact with the South African social security system in
 relation to the Child Support Grant (CSG), which is social assistance
 payable for children living with low-income caregivers. This paper
 explores women's accounts of how the CSG serves to protect and respect
 dignity, a foundational value in the South African Constitution. Drawing
 from focus groups and in-depth interviews with female CSG recipients of
 working age, it is argued that whilst the experience of using the CSG does
 protect dignity in certain important respects, other aspects including the
 application process, the small amount of the grant and negative discourses
 associated with the status of being a CSG recipient were experienced by
 many as erosive of dignity.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 443-457 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039711 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039711 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:443-457




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asma Hyder 
Author-X-Name-First: Asma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hyder 
Author-Name: Jere R Behrman 
Author-X-Name-First: Jere R 
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrman 
Author-Name: Hans-Peter Kohler 
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kohler 
Title: Negative economic shocks and child schooling: Evidence from rural Malawi 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the impacts of negative economic shocks on child
 schooling in households of rural Malawi, one of the poorest countries in
 sub-Saharan Africa. Both individually-reported and community-level shocks
 are investigated. There is evidence that community-level shocks negatively
 impact the school enrolment of children. The point estimates suggest that
 this effect is larger when shocks and school enrolment are reported by men
 as compared with women. However, we cannot conclude with statistical
 confidence that the impact of idiosyncratic shocks is larger when reported
 by males than when reported by females. Similarly, although the point
 estimates suggest that the impact of community-level shocks on the school
 enrolment of children is larger than that of idiosyncratic shocks, we
 cannot conclude with statistical significance that the impacts of
 community-level and idiosyncratic shocks are different.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 458-476 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039707 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039707 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:458-476




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lauchlan T Munro 
Author-X-Name-First: Lauchlan T 
Author-X-Name-Last: Munro 
Title: Children in Zimbabwe after the long crisis: Situation analysis and policy issues 
Abstract:
 Children in Zimbabwe suffered badly during the long crisis from circa 1990
 to 2008 as the economy and social services collapsed, under-five
 mortality, maternal mortality and malnutrition rose, the number of orphans
 increased 20-fold and thousands of children experienced psychosocial
 trauma. Recent household surveys in Zimbabwe show that most indicators of
 child welfare remain at or below where they were 25 years ago. Many
 effects of the crisis on children are long term, even permanent, including
 prenatal and early childhood malnutrition, orphanhood, traumas from
 witnessing or being victims of violence, and disrupted education. This
 article analyses the Government of Zimbabwe's two most recent national
 development plans in relation to children's needs and rights as expressed
 in major international declarations. Suggestions are made for focusing on
 re-establishing basic services to break the cycle of harm to children,
 build children's capacities and deal with past traumas.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 477-493 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039708 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039708 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:477-493




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deon Kleinsmith 
Author-X-Name-First: Deon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kleinsmith 
Author-Name: Anele Horn 
Author-X-Name-First: Anele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Horn 
Title: Impacts of new universities on hosting cities and the implications for Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
 This research investigated the impact of the establishment of a new
 university on hosting cities by reviewing the literature on such impacts.
 The aim of the article is to establish the likely impact of a new
 university (Sol Plaatjie University) to be established in the city of
 Kimberley during 2014. The study found that generally a university could
 impact its hosting city in terms of its local economy, employment, human
 capital, social character and real-estate market. Given the current
 characteristics and demographic profile of Kimberley, it is likely that
 positive impacts of a new university in Kimberley would include increased
 spending capacity in the local economy and short-term employment gains
 during construction of the university infrastructure. The proposed
 university could, however, exacerbate the existing pressure on the rental
 market in Kimberley and encourage the out-migration of specific skilled
 professionals. The research concludes with a number of steps to be taken
 by a hosting city that could contribute to strengthening a university's
 role as an anchor for urban development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 494-510 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039712 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039712 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:494-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna Nel 
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel 
Title: An integration of the livelihoods and asset-based community development approaches: A South African case study 
Abstract:
 This study provides an integrated framework and practice model of the
 sustainable livelihoods (SL) and the asset-based community development
 (ABCD) approaches. A household survey of a rural village in South Africa
 is used as a basis of analysis to demonstrate the application of the
 integrated approach. The results elucidate the vulnerability of the people
 and a range of inter-locking and multi-dimensional factors contributing to
 poverty in the community. The results also show people's assets,
 capabilities and activities which enable them to cope and survive despite
 constraints and shortcomings. It was found that the integrated SL/ABCD
 framework is a useful framework to understand the strengths of a
 vulnerable community in order to plan and implement sustainable community
 development strategies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 511-525 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039706 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039706 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:511-525




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Mussa 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mussa 
Title: Youth wage employment and parental education in Malawi 
Abstract:
 This paper looks at the relationship between the likelihood of being in
 regular wage employment and parental education for Malawian youth. It uses
 data from the third integrated household survey (IHS3). Only a mother's
 education is found to have a statistically significant effect on the
 likelihood of being in regular wage employment for young females and
 males. It is established that the effect of a mother's education on young
 males is significantly larger than that for young females. The paper also
 finds that, regardless of gender, a mother's education
 complements/reinforces the positive effect of a youth's own education on
 the probability of being in wage employment. The evidence from this paper
 points to the existence of an intergenerational poverty trap; with
 children of uneducated mothers or mothers with low education finding
 themselves outside regular wage jobs.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 526-537 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039709 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039709 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:4:p:526-537




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Ingle 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingle 
Author-Name: Doreen Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: Can the circle be squared? An enquiry into shale gas mining in South Africa's Karoo 
Abstract:
 The prospect of 'fracking' for shale gas in South Africa's Karoo has
 generated heated exchanges in public forums and in the media. This article
 seeks to understand why common ground in the debate has proved to be so
 elusive. The article divides the parties to the impasse into three camps
 and examines the ethical positions which seem to inform each faction's
 standpoint. The article finds that the tensions between the main
 protagonists' positions are due to two related ethical 'faultlines'. The
 first revolves around the inherent incompatibility of consequentialism
 with moral absolutism. The second relates to tensions between nature as an
 instrumental good, and an ethic that treats nature as an intrinsic good.
 The discussion considers the merits of cost-benefit analysis and whether,
 at the very least, exploration for shale gas should be permitted. The
 article concludes by weighing up the preconditions for a rapprochement
 being reached between the contending factions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 539-554 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044076 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044076 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:539-554




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheryl L Hendriks 
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl L 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks 
Author-Name: Nic JJ Olivier 
Author-X-Name-First: Nic JJ 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier 
Title: Review of the South African Agricultural Legislative Framework: Food security implications 
Abstract:
 Although South Africa has reported national food security for decades,
 current production patterns, land uncertainty and consumer preferences put
 future national household food insecurity in question. Household food
 insecurity in South Africa is at unacceptable levels. This paper reviews
 the country's agricultural legislative framework in terms of food security
 and the right to food. The review found that South African agricultural
 policies do not actively promote food security and the lack of enforceable
 food security policy makes it difficult to coordinate existing policies.
 The lack of food security legislation means that the right to food has no
 enforceable framework. A comprehensive food security policy, legislative
 framework and implementation strategy are urgently needed to address
 hunger poverty to progressively achieve the targets set out for national
 growth and development and realise the right to food enshrined in the
 Constitution.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 555-576 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044075 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044075 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:555-576




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Mabaya 
Author-X-Name-First: Edward 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabaya 
Author-Name: Juliana Fulton 
Author-X-Name-First: Juliana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fulton 
Author-Name: Stella Simiyu-Wafukho 
Author-X-Name-First: Stella 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simiyu-Wafukho 
Author-Name: Francis Nang'ayo 
Author-X-Name-First: Francis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nang'ayo 
Title: Factors influencing adoption of genetically modified crops in Africa 
Abstract:
 The debate around genetically modified (GM) crops in Africa continues to
 grow especially among policy-makers, food manufacturers, farmer
 organisation and consumer advocacy groups and the general public. While
 other regions have taken a firm position on biotech crops, Africa remains
 largely ambivalent, with wide variation in GM policy across countries. The
 central objective of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence
 the adoption of GM crops in Africa. First we evaluate the current status
 of GM crop adoption in Africa. Second we identify the key enablers and
 hindrances to adoption of GM crops. The main factors include ministerial
 control of biosafety, peer country influence, stage of seed sector
 development, advocacy by key political figures, the media, activism, food
 security and technical capacity. We posit that, for most African
 countries, GM policy is guided by political rather than technological
 considerations with media and special interest groups playing a key role.
 Despite the numerous impediments, slow progress is being made in preparing
 the requisite enabling environment for biotechnology adoption in Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 577-591 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044078 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044078 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:577-591




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charmaine Motsoari 
Author-X-Name-First: Charmaine 
Author-X-Name-Last: Motsoari 
Author-Name: Philippus C Cloete 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippus C 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete 
Author-Name: Herman D van Schalkwyk 
Author-X-Name-First: Herman D 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Schalkwyk 
Title: An analysis of factors affecting access to credit in Lesotho's smallholder agricultural sector 
Abstract:
 The agricultural sector in Lesotho is underperforming mainly due to the
 inability of smallholders to move from traditional agriculture to a more
 scientific and technology-based one. Among the challenges inhibiting the
 ability of smallholders to make the step up is access to financial
 services, especially credit. The purpose of this study was to examine the
 factors that may influence the ability of smallholders to access finance
 by making use of a logistic regression model within the principle
 component regression framework. The results revealed that the ability of
 smallholders to access finance, and the potential to make the transition
 towards a more scientific and technology-based agriculture sector, is
 influenced by the level of farm and non-farm income, remittances and
 pension, farm size, availability of family labour, land ownership, savings
 and repayment ability. The results present important information in terms
 of guiding institutional arrangements needed to improve credit
 availability in Lesotho.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 592-602 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044077 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044077 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:592-602




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Kerr 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kerr 
Author-Name: Martin Wittenberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittenberg 
Title: Sampling methodology and fieldwork changes in the October Household Surveys and Labour Force Surveys 
Abstract:
 The 1999 October Household Survey was the first time that Statistics South
 Africa introduced a master sample of Enumeration Areas. There were several
 important changes in sampling and fieldworker practice that accompanied
 the introduction of the master sample of Enumeration Areas, which have not
 been systematically documented and which make comparability of the surveys
 undertaken by Statistics South Africa before and after this time
 difficult. We document these changes in this research note and provide
 evidence that these changes were partly responsible for the odd trends in
 the total number of single-person households estimated from the October
 Household Surveys and the Labour Force Surveys, as well as rapid increases
 in employment, in the late 1990s.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 603-612 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044079 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044079 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:603-612




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phineas K Chauke 
Author-X-Name-First: Phineas K 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chauke 
Title: An assessment of survivalist enterprises in the Capricorn District Municipality 
Abstract:
 This study aims to reconcile diverging views on public-sector support for
 survivalist enterprises. The study assessed all 566 survivalist
 enterprises in the records of the Capricorn District Municipality of
 Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data on variables such as demographic
 characteristics and the types of items traded were collected through
 questionnaires and analysed by means of cross-tabulations in the SPSS
 software program. The study found that most survivalist entrepreneurs had
 obtained at least a secondary education. Women ran the majority of these
 enterprises, and youth participation was also substantial. The study
 recommended providing these entrepreneurs with training in technical and
 financial management skills, but employing differentiated training
 strategies for urban and rural enterprises, as well as specifically
 targeting young entrepreneurs. Training should be conducted at a time that
 suits the entrepreneurs, for instance when business activity is lower.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 613-622 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044074 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044074 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:613-622




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olagoke Akintola 
Author-X-Name-First: Olagoke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akintola 
Title: Public works programme and primary health care in South Africa: Creating jobs for health systems strengthening? 
Abstract:
 This paper examines employment and skills training for community
 caregivers within the expanded public works programme in South Africa. The
 paper argues that, as currently conceptualised, the skills and learnership
 programmes for community caregivers fail to take full advantage of the
 prevailing labour market realities. Therefore, the paper argues for
 strategic reconceptualisation of the programme to include learnerships for
 community caregivers that impart more mid-level to higher-level skills to
 meet current and future labour market demands particularly in primary
 health care. This, it is argued, will address the scarcity of skills in
 the health sector of the economy. Furthermore, the proposed programme will
 simultaneously have positive impacts on unemployment, the primary health
 care system and the socio-economic well-being of community caregivers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 623-638 
Issue: 5 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044073 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1044073 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:5:p:623-638




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippe Burger 
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger 
Author-Name: Estian Calitz 
Author-X-Name-First: Estian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Calitz 
Title: Twenty-year review of South African fiscal policy: A tale of two sustainabilities 
Abstract:
 In 2014 democracy in South Africa was 20 years old. The democratic
 government in 1994 inherited both a high and increasing public debt/gross
 domestic product ratio and significant development backlogs. The
 government had to establish fiscal sustainability, yet also pursue
 development in a sustainable way. This article explores the government's
 performance in reconciling fiscal sustainability with sustainable
 development. The article shows that fiscal policy has been sustainable
 over the 20 years, with some risks appearing towards the end, and that the
 government pursued sustainable development through reallocating resources
 within the budget and by spending more in real terms. Three phases can be
 identified: 1994-2000, 2001-08 and 2009-13. However, poor service delivery
 and low levels of government investment during the 20 years threaten to
 undermine economic growth. Lower growth consequently threatens the
 sustainability of both fiscal policy and development, which, in turn,
 again undermines growth prospects. Hence, the article also identifies key
 future challenges.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 639-657 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063989 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063989 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:639-657




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danielle le Clus-Rossouw 
Author-X-Name-First: Danielle 
Author-X-Name-Last: le Clus-Rossouw 
Author-Name: Wilma Viviers 
Author-X-Name-First: Wilma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Viviers 
Author-Name: Elsab� Loots 
Author-X-Name-First: Elsab� 
Author-X-Name-Last: Loots 
Title: Is there a link between BRIC foreign direct investment and SADC export performance? 
Abstract:
 The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries have
 agreed to strengthen their economic ties, thus paving the way for enhanced
 trade and investment performance. South Africa's strategic value in BRICS
 is that it is a gateway to the opportunity-rich Southern African
 Development Community (SADC). By using South Africa as a production hub
 for exports to the surrounding region, foreign investors would have ready
 access to neighbouring markets. This article addresses the question of
 whether, and in what ways, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the BRIC
 (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries to the SADC influences the
 SADC's export performance. A series of empirical analyses revealed a
 positive causation between BRIC FDI and SADC exports, offering a clear
 incentive for the SADC to rejuvenate its trade and investment policies and
 structures, and strengthen its ties with BRIC countries in the interests
 of attracting more FDI and building a strong and sustainable export
 sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 658-674 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063985 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063985 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:658-674




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ling Ting 
Author-X-Name-First: Ling 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ting 
Author-Name: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil 
Author-X-Name-First: Umakrishnan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kollamparambil 
Title: Nature and determinants of household retirement savings behaviour in South Africa 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the savings behaviour among South African
 households using the General Household Survey data for the periods 2002-04
 and 2008-10. The age-cohort analysis shows that households achieve their
 income peaks when the household heads are in their early forties, earlier
 than in most other countries. Although initial support for the life-cycle
 hypothesis framework in the form of smoothed consumption was found from
 multivariate analysis, a closer examination reveals that the
 consumption-income ratio is also smooth over the age and cohort variables.
 This indicates that savings rates do not follow a hump-shape pattern as
 required in the life-cycle hypothesis framework. While households are seen
 to be able to maintain their consumption in retirement years through
 government grants, a large portion of the grants seem to be utilised for
 savings. This shows that the government grants have the dual effect of
 sustaining consumption levels while disincentivising savings during
 working years.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 675-696 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063987 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063987 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:675-696




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Charles Adams 
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams 
Author-Name: Rochelle Gallant 
Author-X-Name-First: Rochelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallant 
Author-Name: Ada Jansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ada 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen 
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Public assets and services delivery in South Africa: Is it really a success? 
Abstract:
 Poverty alleviation remains a pressing concern for South African
 policy-makers. Implementing effective anti-poverty policies requires a
 clear understanding of the nature and extent of poverty. The extant
 literature on South African poverty dynamics shows a decline in the
 headcount ratio over the first decade of the twenty-first century.
 However, the prior research largely adopts a narrow money-metric approach,
 or uses multi-dimensional indices that include welfare indicators based on
 private assets (e.g. television sets) or those that are provided publicly
 (e.g. access to water). This paper uses multiple correspondence analysis
 to measure non-income poverty trends for the period 2005-12. The novelty
 in this undertaking lies in an attempt to include a measure of the
 perceived quality of public assets and services to complement the standard
 indices. This provides some measure of 'success' of public service
 delivery, accounting for both changes in access and quality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 697-710 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063986 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063986 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:697-710




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sophie Bri�re 
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bri�re 
Author-Name: Maripier Tremblay 
Author-X-Name-First: Maripier 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tremblay 
Author-Name: Alain Daou 
Author-X-Name-First: Alain 
Author-X-Name-Last: Daou 
Title: Challenges facing international projects for entrepreneurial development in South Africa 
Abstract:
 International development projects that support entrepreneurship face a
 number of challenges, not least because they need to integrate different
 paradigms. Based on the case study of a Canadian non-governmental
 organisation in South Africa, this paper provides an exploratory
 assessment of these challenges and highlights four major factors that
 affect the success of such international projects: transposing a northern
 business model to the south; developing local roots and adapting to the
 local context; balancing the allocation of resources between managing the
 project and providing services to entrepreneurs; and aligning the cultures
 of the private sector and international development agencies. In practical
 terms, the findings provide benchmarks for the success of these projects
 and could help improve interventions that encourage entrepreneurship in
 developing countries.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 711-725 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063981 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063981 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:711-725




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claus Rabe 
Author-X-Name-First: Claus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rabe 
Author-Name: Robert McGaffin 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: McGaffin 
Author-Name: Owen Crankshaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Owen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crankshaw 
Title: A diagnostic approach to intra-metropolitan spatial targeting: Evidence from Cape Town, South Africa 
Abstract:
 This article ascribes poor returns from place-based economic policy to
 prevailing spatial norms and causal assumptions which continue to
 influence its deployment across South African cities. By elevating the
 local over the systemic as the cause of and solution to urban problems,
 spatial targeting in the telescopic mould gives rise to three forms of
 spatial bias which lock in suboptimal local outcomes and gradually
 undermine the resilience of the urban system. Place-based policy should
 instead be guided by a systemic and relational evaluation of local
 economic potentiality supported by data-driven planning tools. The article
 introduces one such tool developed by the City of Cape Town, focusing on
 its theoretical basis, initial findings and implications for intervention.
 We find that the tool represents a robust platform for policy-makers to
 make targeting decisions that are more evidence led and hence less
 arbitrary.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 726-744 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063988 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063988 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:726-744




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Ndavheleseni Musekene 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric Ndavheleseni 
Author-X-Name-Last: Musekene 
Title: Design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme: Lessons from the Gundo Lashu labour-intensive programme 
Abstract:
 This article examines the design and implementation of the Expanded Public
 Works Programme, drawing from the lessons of the Gundo Lashu programme on
 labour-intensive construction in the road sector. The aim of the study was
 to examine major barriers to the design and implementation of the
 programme. The article is based on the analysis of data that were gathered
 from the Gundo Lashu programme. The data were collected using a structured
 questionnaire, face-to-face interviews with the project participants as
 well as reviewing key secondary data from the project documents. The study
 found that the projects under the Gundo Lashu programme have clearly
 demonstrated the importance of labour-intensive approaches, especially in
 the road sector. However, these projects were constrained by a wide range
 of challenges, ranging from a lack of community participation to poor
 product quality and inadequate planning for sustainable financing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 745-757 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063980 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063980 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:745-757




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regina Neudert 
Author-X-Name-First: Regina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neudert 
Author-Name: Johanna F Goetter 
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna F 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goetter 
Author-Name: Jessica N Andriamparany 
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica N 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andriamparany 
Author-Name: Miandrazo Rakotoarisoa 
Author-X-Name-First: Miandrazo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rakotoarisoa 
Title: Income diversification, wealth, education and well-being in rural south-western Madagascar: Results from the Mahafaly region 
Abstract:
 Rural households in the Mahafaly region of south-western Madagascar have
 to contend with low economic development and a risky natural environment.
 A survey of 665 households in the region was designed to address three
 research questions: what is the relationship between diversification of
 income sources and household wealth; how does education influence access
 to non-farm income sources and diversification; and how does household
 wealth and diversification affect well-being? The results show that the
 overwhelming majority of households follow a diversification strategy.
 Household wealth is associated with larger fields, greater crop diversity
 and higher diversification of income source categories. Education enhances
 access to high-return, non-farm income sources. Self-reported well-being
 is positively affected by both wealth and diversification. Better
 education and measures to improve inhabitants' existing strategies for
 compensation of yield losses in farming are crucial for securing local
 livelihoods in the face of decreasing precipitation due to climate change.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 758-784 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063982 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063982 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:758-784




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Precious Tirivanhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Precious 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu 
Author-Name: Prosper B Matondi 
Author-X-Name-First: Prosper B 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matondi 
Author-Name: Izak Groenewald 
Author-X-Name-First: Izak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Groenewald 
Title: Comprehensive Community Initiative: Evaluation of a transformation system in Mhakwe community in Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
 This article explores community perceptions on implementation and impacts
 of the Mhakwe Comprehensive Community Initiative (CCI) in Mhakwe Ward,
 Zimbabwe. A mixed-methods research methodology was adopted. Qualitative
 data were collected from action research, focus group discussions and key
 informant interviews. Quantitative data were collected using a structured
 questionnaire from a random cluster sample, and were analysed using SPSS
 and Stata with binomial logistic regression to determine factors
 significantly affecting selected variables and the chi-square test for
 independence to determine association between variables. Thematic reviews
 were utilised to analyse qualitative data. Community perceptions on issues
 affecting multi-stakeholder collaborations, ownership, and control,
 internal and external enabling factors were explored. The article
 concludes that leadership development, strengthening family institutions,
 enhancing ownership and building capacity of local institutions to
 coordinate such initiatives are fundamental building blocks for CCIs. This
 article recommends CCIs as a practical framework for empowering
 marginalised communities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 785-800 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063983 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063983 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:32:y:2015:i:6:p:785-800




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariam ATJ Kadzamira 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariam ATJ 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kadzamira 
Author-Name: Cynthia Kazembe 
Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazembe 
Title: Youth engagement in agricultural policy processes in Malawi 
Abstract:
 This study assesses the nature of networking between youth and
 agricultural policy-makers - given youth disillustionment with
 agricultural livelihoods. Using the Malawi case, a mixed-methods approach
 shows, first, that local government departments which are mandated to work
 on youth issues are the main hubs of information for youth in agriculture.
 The Ministry of Agriculture plays a secondary role. Second, the study
 shows that youth in agriculture have little or no direct interactions with
 each other. Therefore, youth remain on the periphery of agricultural
 policy-making and their role in shaping agricultural policy dialogue is
 negligible. This is attributable to both lack of a deliberate government
 policy to include the youth and lack of a unified youth platform. The onus
 is therefore on the youth to ensure that they are effectively engaged in
 agricultural policy dialogue. The study concludes with policy
 recommendations relevant for countries with a 'youth/agriculture' problem
 like Malawi.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 801-814 
Issue: 6 
Volume: 32 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063984 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063984 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanette Manjengwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manjengwa 
Title: Special issue: Towards resilient urban communities 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 1-2 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1117960 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1117960 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linda I Beyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Linda I 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beyer 
Author-Name: Jay Chaudhuri 
Author-X-Name-First: Jay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhuri 
Author-Name: Barbara Kagima 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kagima 
Title: Kenya's focus on urban vulnerability and resilience in the midst of urban transitions in Nairobi 
Abstract:
 Addressing urban vulnerability requires an understanding of the underlying
 determinants of resilience for individuals, households, communities and
 institutions -- to withstand shocks, to adapt and to change. Analysing
 urban resilience utilises the results of five rounds of the Indicator
 Development for Surveillance of Urban Emergencies surveys conducted in
 three informal settlements of Nairobi. Results show a significant
 deterioration in food security and household hunger in marginalised urban
 populations, with other deprivations including insecurity, negative coping
 behaviour and inadequate access to water and sanitation. Within slum
 populations, there was a significant variation in income and expenditure
 (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05) with lowest income quintiles spending over 100%
 of their income on food. Significant gender disparities have been shown in
 lowest income quintiles, with female breadwinners earning 62% compared
 with male breadwinners (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Recommendations from this
 analysis include establishing thresholds for vulnerability and concrete
 dimensions for measuring resilience that can initiate and guide related
 interventions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 3-22 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1115739 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1115739 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanette Manjengwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manjengwa 
Author-Name: Collen Matema 
Author-X-Name-First: Collen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matema 
Author-Name: Doreen Tirivanhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu 
Title: Understanding urban poverty in two high-density suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
 Urban communities are heterogeneous and averages mask inequities and
 deprivations among poor and rich urban communities. This article examines
 the situation of households residing in two low-income, high-density
 suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe. The aim of the research was to contextualise
 urban poverty by looking at selected urban communities and vertically
 analysing the patterns and determinants of poverty. A household survey was
 administered to 1000 households and qualitative data were collected
 through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The study
 found high levels of income poverty and also found differences in poverty
 experiences between the two suburbs. The major proximate determinants of
 poverty were large family size; low education level of the household head;
 lack of income from permanent employment; low cash transfers; and short
 length of residence in the suburb. Increasing household income consumption
 can be addressed through scaling-up industries, which would result in more
 quality employment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 23-38 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1116376 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1116376 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samson Mhizha 
Author-X-Name-First: Samson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mhizha 
Author-Name: Justin Tandire 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tandire 
Author-Name: Tinashe Muromo 
Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muromo 
Author-Name: McDonald Matika 
Author-X-Name-First: McDonald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matika 
Title: Ecological self-image and behaviours for children living on the streets of Harare 
Abstract:
 The present study sought to explore the relationship between street
 childhood and adolescent ecological self-image. The research objectives
 were to investigate the nature of ecological self-image for street
 children and to determine the ecological behaviours for street children in
 Harare. A psycho-ethnographic research design was employed. The
 participants were 16 street-living adolescent children aged between 12 and
 18 years and six key informants, all in Harare, Zimbabwe. A total of 22
 participants took part in this study. Snowballing was used to recruit key
 informant interviewees, while purposive sampling was used to recruit
 participants for focus group discussions, in-depth interview, and
 participant and non-participant observations. Thematic content analysis
 was used for analysing the data. Data analysis revealed that the
 adolescent street children's ecological self-image is largely negative.
 These street children seemed to have estranged from their biological
 families to identify with the streets.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 39-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113124 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113124 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeanette Manjengwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Manjengwa 
Author-Name: Collen Matema 
Author-X-Name-First: Collen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matema 
Author-Name: Doreen Tirivanhu 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu 
Author-Name: Rumbidzai Tizora 
Author-X-Name-First: Rumbidzai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tizora 
Title: Deprivation among children living and working on the streets of Harare 
Abstract:
 This article investigates the extent of deprivation and vulnerability
 among children who live and work on the streets of Harare. A questionnaire
 survey was administered to 100 children in Harare's central business
 district; this was supplemented by in-depth interviews and focus group
 discussions. The study found that these children suffered severe
 deprivation, in particular in terms of shelter and education. The majority
 of the children obtained their income from begging and selling small
 items. They were exposed to verbal, physical, sexual and emotional abuse
 by the public, as well as by other children and adults on the streets.
 Poverty was the main reason for the children being on the streets, while
 social factors such as family disintegration or the death of their parents
 also played a role. These push factors can be addressed through providing
 more social protection, cash transfers to families, and education and
 health assistance.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 53-66 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1115337 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1115337 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Muller 
Author-X-Name-First: Mike 
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller 
Title: Urban water security in Africa: The face of climate and development challenges 
Abstract:
 Resilience has been promoted as an important objective for the global
 development community, in part, as a response to concern about the
 potential impacts of climate change and related risks. A review of the
 challenges of achieving water security in urban areas of developing
 countries suggests that a specific focus on resilience may distract
 communities from more effective interventions. It would be more useful to
 support relevant institutions to address current service delivery
 priorities. This will better enable them to manage future climate change
 and the challenges that this may bring.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 67-80 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113121 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113121 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cornelius Gibson Tichagwa 
Author-X-Name-First: Cornelius Gibson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tichagwa 
Title: Unlicensed taxis in Zimbabwe's urban areas: The case for legalising an informal urban transportation system 
Abstract:
 Studies of informal urban transport modes have been carried out in several
 countries in Africa and Asia. Hardly any have been conducted in Zimbabwe.
 This study set out to establish the prevalence of an informal urban
 transport system and the rationale for its existence. The research was
 carried out in Masvingo and Harare. The study used qualitative approaches
 such as participation--observation, conversations with stakeholders and
 open-ended questionnaires. The data were summarised into tables and
 graphs. Among the findings were that an informal urban transport system is
 very active in both cities and that the existence of the system is
 justified due to the inadequate services provided for certain types of
 commuter. It is recommended that the vital role played by informal taxis
 should be recognised and managed. Specific routes could be mapped out for
 them, with a flexible licensing regime to match.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 81-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113125 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113125 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eddington Gororo 
Author-X-Name-First: Eddington 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gororo 
Author-Name: Mabel T Kashangura 
Author-X-Name-First: Mabel T 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashangura 
Title: Broiler production in an urban and peri-urban area of Zimbabwe 
Abstract:
 Broiler chicken production is an important livelihood option for urban
 households in Zimbabwe. A study was carried out to document the technical,
 demographic and socio-economic parameters characterising the production of
 broilers in an urban area of Zimbabwe. Findings showed that producers have
 quite diverse livelihoods and broiler production is not restricted to a
 survival strategy for the urban poor with no livelihood alternatives, but
 mostly involved the more privileged. Access to start-up capital and
 property ownership were pre-requisites for the business. Broiler units
 were small-scale, informal, backyard businesses dominated by women. Flock
 sizes averaged 398 (range 25--3500) birds per cycle. However, 79% of the
 producers kept at most 200 birds per cycle. The mean stocking density was
 9.5&#x2005;birds/m-super-2 and reported mortality averaged 7.4%.
 Respondents have ad hoc marketing arrangements, and face constraints with
 regard to lack of sectoral support, shortage of capital, prohibitive
 council by-laws, market access and disease. Poultry production is
 therefore an important livelihood and business option in the urban and
 peri-urban area studied.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 99-112 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113123 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113123 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Innocent Chirisa 
Author-X-Name-First: Innocent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirisa 
Author-Name: Elmond Bandauko 
Author-X-Name-First: Elmond 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandauko 
Author-Name: Elias Mazhindu 
Author-X-Name-First: Elias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazhindu 
Author-Name: Ndarova Audrey Kwangwama 
Author-X-Name-First: Ndarova Audrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwangwama 
Author-Name: Godfrey Chikowore 
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikowore 
Title: Building resilient infrastructure in the face of climate change in African cities: Scope, potentiality and challenges 
Abstract:
 This article seeks to explain the capacity and limitations of African
 cities in building resilient infrastructure in the face of climate change.
 In this article, resilience means the ability of a social or ecological
 system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and
 ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and the capacity
 to adapt to stress and change. To expose the capacity and limitations of
 African cities in building resilient urban infrastructure, the article
 presents comparative case studies on contemporary experiences in Harare,
 Nairobi, Abuja, Cairo and Johannesburg relative to the Latin American and
 Asian cities where resilient infrastructure practices are in vogue. We
 conclude that most African cities exhibit critical bottlenecks towards
 emulating the Asian prototypes. Corruption is among the key explanations
 for the shortcomings of African cities in the delivery of resilient
 infrastructure and services. Corruption and non-participatory approaches
 prevailing in most cities have only courted resistance by citizens in the
 reimbursement of loans obtained from both international and local
 financial houses.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 113-127 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113122 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113122 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Doreen Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Doreen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: Thinking regionally: Aviation and development implications in the Karoo region, South Africa 
Abstract:
 This study focuses on regional economic development in South Africa,
 across provincial political jurisdictions. The article argues that remote
 hinterlands can be more usefully understood as forming an integrated
 whole, rather than functioning as the poor rural cousins of their
 provincial metropoles. This article considers three propositions: that key
 transport projects (such as airports) may unlock regional development;
 that this may stimulate regional spatial integration; and that this may
 spur the South African government to address its weak regional planning
 system. All three propositions are speculative, drawn from the
 international literature, but they contribute to an argument for greater
 spatial coherence in South African planning in rural regions. The argument
 is illustrated with reference to the Karoo region of South Africa, and the
 potential of a new airport to impact on regional economic dynamics.
 Furthermore, the article argues that such impacts will require new
 regional planning systems, which are currently absent from the South
 African political system.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 129-144 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120647 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120647 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu 
Author-X-Name-First: Derek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu 
Title: Factors influencing the comparability of poverty estimates across household surveys 
Abstract:
 The South African existing literature on poverty mainly adopted the
 money-metric approach to examine poverty levels and trends since the
 advent of democracy. In general, poverty increased until the end of the
 1990s, before a downward trend took place. Despite the robust findings on
 the trends, poverty levels differed because of various reasons, ranging
 from the use of different poverty lines across the studies, to the
 adoption of different approaches to collect the income and expenditure
 information, and the presence of a high proportion of households reporting
 zero or unspecified income. This article aims to fill the existing
 research gap by explaining the possible factors accounting for the
 contrasting poverty levels across the eight commonly used South African
 censuses and household surveys between 1993 and 2012.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 145-165 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120646 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120646 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi 
Author-X-Name-First: Olusegun Ayodele 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akanbi 
Title: The growth, poverty and inequality nexus in South Africa: Cointegration and causality analysis 
Abstract:
 This study empirically established the long-run relationship and causality
 effects that exist between growth, poverty and inequality. The analysis
 was carried out on a panel of nine South African provinces from 1995 to
 2012. To capture poverty and inequality in a broader context, two measures
 of poverty (income and non-income) and three measures of inequality
 (income, education and land) were adopted for the study. The results
 confirm that there is a long-run relationship between growth, poverty and
 inequality. Notable results from the causality tests suggest that growth
 does not promote equal distribution of income in society but as income
 distribution begins to equalise, economic growth rises. This is regarded
 as growth--inequality disconnect. The unidirectional causality, which runs
 from income poverty to income inequality, suggests that a rising level of
 income poverty will lead to falling income inequality in the society;
 likewise, income inequality increases as non-income poverty declines.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 166-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120654 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120654 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Chitiga 
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chitiga 
Author-Name: Ramos Mabugu 
Author-X-Name-First: Ramos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabugu 
Author-Name: H&#xe9;l&#xe8;ne Maisonnave 
Author-X-Name-First: H&#xe9;l&#xe8;ne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maisonnave 
Title: Analysing job creation effects of scaling up infrastructure spending in South Africa 
Abstract:
 In a first for South Africa, this article draws on literature on
 infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy-wide employment
 impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools.
 Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the South African
 investment plan is modelled, given the infrastructure externality.
 Alternative fiscal scenarios to finance the policy are modelled in the
 article. In the long run, unemployment decreases for all types of workers
 under one of the scenarios. In the short run, only elementary occupation
 workers benefit from a decrease in unemployment; for the rest,
 unemployment rises.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 186-202 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120650 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120650 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:186-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John P Wentzel 
Author-X-Name-First: John P 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wentzel 
Author-Name: Krishna Sundar Diatha 
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna Sundar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Diatha 
Author-Name: Venkata Seshachal Sarma Yadavalli 
Author-X-Name-First: Venkata Seshachal Sarma 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yadavalli 
Title: An investigation into factors impacting financial exclusion at the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa 
Abstract:
 Financial exclusion has been shown to have negative socio-economic effects
 on citizens, especially at the bottom of the economic pyramid. South
 Africa suffers from high levels of financial exclusion, disproportionately
 at the bottom of the pyramid. This study investigates nine factors
 identified from the literature as being positively associated with
 financial exclusion using a logistic regression model. The findings show
 that the most significant factors associated with being financially
 excluded at the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa were educational
 level, primary source of income, age, home language and number of
 dependents. The study further found that gender, relationship status and
 home ownership were not associated with being financially excluded. An
 interesting finding was that living in a rural area as opposed to an urban
 area was not significantly associated with being excluded. The findings
 and their implications for expanding financial inclusion at the bottom of
 the pyramid are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 203-214 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120648 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120648 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:203-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anton Nahman 
Author-X-Name-First: Anton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nahman 
Author-Name: Brian K. Mahumani 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian K. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahumani 
Author-Name: Willem J. de Lange 
Author-X-Name-First: Willem J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Lange 
Title: Beyond GDP: Towards a Green Economy Index 
Abstract:
 Given the broad (economic, social and environmental) objectives of a green
 economy, and the limitations associated with mainstream measures of
 economic performance (such as gross domestic product), an alternative or
 expanded set of indicators is required for measuring progress toward a
 green economy. This article develops a composite index for measuring green
 economic performance, based on 26 indicators across the economic, social
 and environmental dimensions. The index will enable comparison of a
 country's green economic performance both over time and relative to other
 countries. Furthermore, the index is constructed in such a way as to allow
 for disaggregation (i.e. for scores on individual components to be seen at
 a glance), such that areas of specific concern can be easily identified
 and addressed, and progress in each area monitored over time. The index
 was tested on data from 193 countries, and the resulting country rankings
 were assessed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 215-233 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120649 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120649 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:215-233




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Onjala 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Onjala 
Author-Name: Owiti A. K'Akumu 
Author-X-Name-First: Owiti A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: K'Akumu 
Title: Relational patterns of urbanisation and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa 
Abstract:
 Scholars of economic development have always hinted that the urbanisation
 process in the developing world does not follow the historical patterns
 discerned in the developed world where a strong relationship between a
 country's gross domestic product and urbanisation had been observed. To
 confirm or refute this thesis, this study considers the pattern of
 relationships between the national economic growth rate and urbanisation
 rates in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Comparison is made between
 SSA countries and emerging and developed economies. Results indicate that
 whereas the traditional thesis still holds for SSA countries (i.e. they
 urbanise without economic growth), new antithetical trends are also
 discernible where urbanisation takes place with economic growth, thereby
 revealing a whole new dimension of urbanisation and economic growth
 relational patterns in Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 234-246 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120655 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120655 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:234-246




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clifton Makate 
Author-X-Name-First: Clifton 
Author-X-Name-Last: Makate 
Author-Name: Shephard Siziba 
Author-X-Name-First: Shephard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba 
Author-Name: Benjamin T. Hanyani-Mlambo 
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin T. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanyani-Mlambo 
Author-Name: Zvakanyorwa Sadomba 
Author-X-Name-First: Zvakanyorwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sadomba 
Author-Name: Nelson Mango 
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mango 
Title: The efficiency of small and medium enterprises in informal metal manufacturing in Zimbabwe: Implications for stakeholders in the agricultural sector 
Abstract:
 This study uses the structure--conduct--performance framework to examine
 the structure and efficiency of small and medium enterprises in the
 informal metal manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe. Small and medium
 enterprises provide a lifeline to the country's resource-poor farmers,
 whose numbers increased exponentially after the agrarian reform in 2000.
 The study utilises nationally representative, enterprise-level data from
 five major towns (Harare, Chitungwiza, Bulawayo, Mutare and Rusape) in
 Zimbabwe. Various performance measures are applied at the industry level
 to assess efficiency, profitability and competitiveness; these include the
 Herfindahl--Hirschman index, concentration ratios, average yearly profits
 and Tobin's q ratio. The results indicate that small and medium
 enterprises in Zimbabwe are modestly efficient, profitable and
 competitive. These findings highlight the need to integrate informal metal
 fabrication activities into Zimbabwe's national economic development
 plans.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 247-257 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120656 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120656 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:247-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Wilson-Prangley 
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Prangley 
Author-Name: Johan Olivier 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier 
Title: Integrative Public Leadership in the private sector in South Africa 
Abstract:
 Complex social issues exist in many emerging democratic contexts. It has
 been argued that boundary-crossing leadership is needed to overcome these
 issues. Scholarship has developed around this, arguing that leadership in
 these shared power contexts is different to leadership in hierarchical
 organisations. This study focuses on a sample of senior private-sector
 leaders in South Africa who have reached across sector boundaries, in
 their individual capacity, to make a difference. This extends the existing
 scholarship which has focused on public-sector and non-profit integrative
 leadership. The intention is to understand the relational context of their
 boundary-crossing work and to extend the concept of &#x2018;Integrative
 Public Leadership&#x2019;. The leaders studied manage relationships with
 the government, their own company and multi-company partners within a
 historical context. The findings emphasise three understudied issues:
 own-company buy-in, historical context and &#x2018;integrative&#x2019;
 conflict. A shared concept of integrative leadership, located in the
 African context, could further enhance practice.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 258-271 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120653 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120653 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:258-271




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fatima Ferraz 
Author-X-Name-First: Fatima 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferraz 
Title: Mining waste management: Extending sustainability options across economic, social and environmental boundaries 
Abstract:
 This article assesses the potential for using mining waste residues, such
 as by-products (e.g. slag) and waste rock, to establish industrial
 activity beyond mining to serve the country's developmental agenda. The
 mining industry focuses primarily on its own economic sustainability,
 rather than on wider socio-economic and environmental sustainability. New
 thinking on the issue emphasises that capitalism and sustainability have
 mutually excluding aims. Using a broader understanding of sustainability,
 this article reassesses initiatives implemented in a research and
 development setting to reduce mines&#x2019; atmospheric emissions through
 cleaner production and to minimise their mining waste residues through
 beneficiation. South Africa's regulations require mines to prepare social
 and labour plans for mine closure. Stockpiled mining residues could form
 the basis for economic activity in areas affected by mine closures. A
 collaborative, overarching framework for such activity could promote the
 development of an industry &#x2018;beyond mining&#x2019; -- the
 beneficiation of mining waste residues.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 272-285 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120651 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120651 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:272-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heinrich R. Bohlmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Heinrich R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohlmann 
Author-Name: Marthinus C. Breitenbach 
Author-X-Name-First: Marthinus C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Breitenbach 
Title: Quantifying shifts in primary factor demand in the South African economy 
Abstract:
 This article uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model to
 explain the persistence in the high levels of unemployment in the South
 African economy in spite of modest to relatively strong output growth. We
 make use of a historical simulation for the period 2006--13 and find that
 the capital--labour ratio increased despite a relative increase in the
 rental price of capital. Classical economic theory suggests that changes
 in industry preferences toward capital and labour lead to adjusted
 capital--labour ratios. We quantify the changes in industry factor
 preferences during this period and highlight their impact in explaining
 observed labour market outcomes. Other changes in the economy over this
 period are also quantified.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 286-296 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120652 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1120652 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:2:p:286-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. E. Nzimande 
Author-X-Name-First: B. E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nzimande 
Title: What are the characteristics and determinants of the skills challenge in South Africa? 
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 297-297 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1164588 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1164588 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:297-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcus Powell 
Author-X-Name-First: Marcus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Powell 
Author-Name: Vijay Reddy 
Author-X-Name-First: Vijay 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy 
Author-Name: Andrea Juan 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea 
Author-X-Name-Last: Juan 
Title: Skills in South Africa: The journey towards credible planning 
Abstract:
 Since 1994 the state has instituted active labour market policies to
 redress the apartheid skills legacy. The skills planning challenge
 continues to be how to coordinate efforts for the provision of the right
 skills to support inclusive economic growth, ensuring an alignment is
 achieved between what is required in the labour market and the supply from
 the education and training system. This article traces the South African
 journey of skills planning from late apartheid until the current time
 period in 2014 through a historical analysis of the political economy. The
 analysis reflects on the relationship between state formation in South
 Africa and the role of the state in directing skills development, and in
 the more recent period how skills planning responds to both the demands of
 the economy and ameliorating the historical legacies of education and
 skills exclusion.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 298-311 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153456 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153456 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:298-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat 
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat 
Author-Name: Aalia Cassim 
Author-X-Name-First: Aalia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassim 
Author-Name: David Tseng 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tseng 
Title: Higher education, employment and economic growth: Exploring the interactions 
Abstract:
 This article interrogates the impact and nature of South Africa&#x2019;s
 post-apartheid economic growth performance through the lens of human
 capital investment with a particular emphasis on higher education. The
 South African economy has been characterised by a skills-biased
 trajectory, ensuring jobs for the better educated. By differentiating
 between tertiary and vocational training, we find that further education
 and training (FET) graduates are almost as likely to be employed as school
 leavers without higher education. We analyse the extent to which the
 educational attainments of labour affect the nature and trajectory of
 economic growth in South Africa, by estimating Olley and Pakes&#x2019;
 two-stage regression on a modified Cobb--Douglas production function. The
 results indicate that the degree cohort contributes to economic growth
 whilst other higher education institutions, including FET colleges, do not
 productively contribute to economic growth.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 312-327 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1161501 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1161501 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:312-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Paterson 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paterson 
Author-Name: Mariette Visser 
Author-X-Name-First: Mariette 
Author-X-Name-Last: Visser 
Title: Utilisation of administrative and research databases in government departments: Providing the platform for skills planning 
Abstract:
 A high-level audit of administrative databases was conducted in more than
 20 national government departments or entities. The aim was to investigate
 the relevance of datasets within these databases to skills planning by the
 government aimed at harmonising skills supply and demand in South Africa.
 The audit revealed that datasets have different levels of relevance and
 usability. There are datasets that: are relevant and immediately usable;
 are highly relevant and require some preparation; contain relevant
 variables but are currently undergoing validation and cleaning before they
 can be utilised; and are in an early stage of evolution. Based on these
 observations, the authors furthermore explore how databases can be
 understood from an evolutionary perspective. This investigation provides
 evidence that, in the field of skills planning, the government is
 progressing through the early phases of e-government systems development
 by cataloguing data resources and preparing for transactions between data
 users and providers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 328-342 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1157455 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1157455 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:328-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Rogan 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan 
Author-Name: John Reynolds 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reynolds 
Title: Schooling inequality, higher education and the labour market: Evidence from a graduate tracer study in the Eastern Cape, South Africa 
Abstract:
 An emerging body of research has shown that there are large inequalities
 in access to higher education in South Africa. There remains a gap,
 however, in identifying how factors such as schooling background, academic
 performance, race and gender are linked with key higher education
 outcomes. In particular, the significance of these factors for
 first-choice degree attainment at university and in the subsequent
 transition to the labour market is of interest. This article addresses
 these questions by presenting a descriptive and multivariate analysis of
 data collected through a tracer study which interviewed graduates from two
 Eastern Cape universities. The results suggest that schooling background,
 race and gender are associated with study choices and unemployment. These
 findings have important implications both for equity and for the
 efficiency of higher education institutions. The article concludes with a
 discussion of potential policy responses and the implications for equity
 in higher education.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 343-360 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153454 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153454 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:343-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Gastrow 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gastrow 
Author-Name: Glenda Kruss 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruss 
Author-Name: Il-Haam Petersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Il-Haam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen 
Title: Connecting capabilities in highly unequal developing countries: The case of the Square Kilometre Array telescope in South Africa 
Abstract:
 Innovation and skills development require interactive capabilities to
 function effectively. Interactive capabilities mediate between skills
 supply and skills demand actors in an innovation system, and in the
 knowledge economy more broadly. This article investigates such interactive
 capabilities, and the manner in which they facilitate labour market
 alignment. Within a case-study focus on the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
 telescope in South Africa, we investigate how organisational capabilities,
 structures, and mechanisms facilitate or constrain interaction between the
 SKA and its network partners, including universities, firms,
 intermediaries, and a technical college. This illustrates how pockets of
 excellence within an unequal South African skills and innovation landscape
 were effectively connected in order to build a critical mass of skills and
 technologies that were highly competitive on the international stage. This
 shows how, in highly unequal developing countries, interactive
 capabilities form a lever for access to the global science and technology
 frontier.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 361-375 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153455 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1153455 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:361-375




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Volker Wedekind 
Author-X-Name-First: Volker 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wedekind 
Author-Name: Sybert Mutereko 
Author-X-Name-First: Sybert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutereko 
Title: Higher education responsiveness through partnerships with industry: The case of a university of technology programme 
Abstract:
 In the context of mid-level skills shortages and the promotion of
 industry--education partnerships, this article examines the case of a
 longstanding partnership between the pulp and paper industry and a
 university of technology. The partnership resulted in the development of a
 focused qualification. We explore the experiences and understandings of
 academics and students in order to examine the benefits and pitfalls of
 such partnerships in addressing the needs of business, higher education
 and the students. The results show that while the university of technology
 has benefitted through work placements for their students and funding for
 industry-seconded lecturers, the partnership&#x2019;s links are weakening.
 The programme is unattractive to high-achieving &#x2018;matric&#x2019;
 graduates and is taken as a stepping-stone to other engineering fields.
 The article explores why this has developed. The curriculation of
 qualifications that are narrowly focused on one industry may limit
 articulation and portability of skills between different industries by
 graduates.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 376-389 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156516 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156516 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:376-389




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angelique Wildschut 
Author-X-Name-First: Angelique 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wildschut 
Author-Name: Tamlynne Meyer 
Author-X-Name-First: Tamlynne 
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer 
Title: The changing nature of artisanal work and occupations: Important for understanding labour markets 
Abstract:
 The social and political conditions within which artisans are required to
 work have shifted globally. The South African policy concern is to train
 bigger quantities and improve artisanal skills quality, while
 simultaneously providing more opportunities for young, black and women
 artisans. A concern for academia is how this shifting milieu will impact
 on our understanding of artisanal work and occupations and what
 implications should this have for further research. Using the concept of
 occupational boundaries, we investigate, at a micro level, real and
 perceived change to work in three artisanal trades. The study shows that
 while some elements have changed, the division of labour reinforces the
 traditional scope of artisanal work in relation to other occupational
 groups. The findings reconfirm the complex relationship between changes to
 work and the demand for skills, and importantly highlight the sociology of
 work as a critical but undervalued dimension in labour market analysis.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 390-406 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156517 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156517 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:390-406




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Il-haam Petersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Il-haam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen 
Author-Name: Glenda Kruss 
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruss 
Author-Name: Simon McGrath 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath 
Author-Name: Michael Gastrow 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gastrow 
Title: Bridging skills demand and supply in South Africa: The role of public and private intermediaries 
Abstract:
 Demand-led skills development requires linkages and coordination between
 firms and education and training organisations, which are major challenges
 considering that each represents a &#x2018;self-interested&#x2019; entity.
 The need for a &#x2018;collaborative project&#x2019; involving government,
 firms, universities and colleges, and other bodies is thus increasingly
 recognised. However, the crucial role of intermediaries has been largely
 overlooked. The article addresses this gap by investigating the main roles
 of public and private intermediaries across three case studies: sugarcane
 growing and milling, automotive component manufacturing, and the Square
 Kilometre Array sectoral systems of innovation. The research highlights
 the need for a move towards systemic thinking, to bridge across public and
 private objectives. It shows that private intermediaries play a larger
 role than is recognised in policy; that public--private intermediaries
 play crucial roles in coordination; and the potential for public
 intermediaries to contribute more effectively to systemic functioning.
Journal: Development Southern Africa 
Pages: 407-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 33 
Year: 2016 
Month: 5 
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156518 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1156518 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:3:p:407-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rehana Vally
Author-X-Name-First: Rehana
Author-X-Name-Last: Vally
Author-Name: Stephan de Beer
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer
Title: Pathways out of homelessness
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 383-384
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335098
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:383-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephan de Beer
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer
Author-Name: Rehana Vally
Author-X-Name-First: Rehana
Author-X-Name-Last: Vally
Title: (Finding) Pathways out of homelessness: An engaged, trans-disciplinary collaborative in the City of Tshwane
Abstract: 
 Street homelessness in the City of Tshwane was brought to public attention in the winter of 2014. This led to a composite research project involving different constituencies, including homeless people, to reflect on ways of addressing street homelessness in the city. This article serves as a conceptual and epistemological introduction to this collaborative research project entitled Pathways Out of Homelessness. The article argues for the use of a broad working definition of street homelessness that allows for complexities of homelessness to emerge, in order to discern diverse and appropriate alternatives.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 385-398
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1319261
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1319261
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:385-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann D. Kriel
Author-X-Name-First: Johann D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kriel
Title: International responses to homelessness: Lessons for the City of Tshwane
Abstract: 
 Reports of increases in the numbers of homeless people are pouring in from all over the world yet many governments still do not consider homelessness worthy of a policy response in its own right and relegate it to the periphery of either housing or social (welfare) policy arenas and interventions. In the introductory sections of this article, reference is made to the current extent of homelessness in the world and the rise to prominence of a rights-based approach to homelessness. This is followed by a brief overview of responses to homelessness in Australia, the USA and some European countries. A few of the key components of these responses and their relevance for homelessness policies in South Africa and the City of Tshwane are identified.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 399-413
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310027
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310027
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:399-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thinandavha Derrick Mashau
Author-X-Name-First: Thinandavha Derrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Mashau
Title: Unshackling the chains of homelessness in the City of Tshwane: A critical appraisal of the current policy in the light of national and local policies and strategies
Abstract: 
 This article provides a critical appraisal of the current Homelessness Policy for the City of Tshwane in the light of national and local policies and strategies. Both a literature review and policy analysis were conducted to attain the main aim of this article. Documents consulted and used in this process included the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, the Freedom Charter, the National Development Plan 2030 and the Tshwane Vision 2055. The study was prompted by the need to find a lasting solution towards the challenge of homelessness in the City of Tshwane through governmental and non-governmental interventions. Recommendations for the appraisal of the current policy document will be directed to the City Council which is empowered by the provision of the Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000, Section 11(3) to revise the current policy document.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 414-427
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310025
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310025
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:414-427




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inge Kriel
Author-X-Name-First: Inge
Author-X-Name-Last: Kriel
Author-Name: Miriam Júlia Paulo Tembe
Author-X-Name-First: Miriam Júlia Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Tembe
Author-Name: Victoria Ruvarashe Mashava
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Ruvarashe
Author-X-Name-Last: Mashava
Title: Homelessness in Pretoria: Exploring the survival challenges of the homeless and their right to the city
Abstract: 
 This article documents the biographies of 60 homeless people from a range of different backgrounds in South Africa’s capital city of Pretoria. The article focuses on their right to the city and how the lack thereof affects their daily lives. It explores the challenges they face on a daily basis and the different strategies they implement in mitigating these challenges.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 428-438
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310024
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310024
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:428-438




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seepaneng Salaminah Moloko-Phiri
Author-X-Name-First: Seepaneng Salaminah
Author-X-Name-Last: Moloko-Phiri
Author-Name: Ramadimetja Shirley Mogale
Author-X-Name-First: Ramadimetja Shirley
Author-X-Name-Last: Mogale
Author-Name: Jannie Hugo
Author-X-Name-First: Jannie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hugo
Title: ‘A shelter is not a home’: Voices of homeless women in the City of Tshwane
Abstract: 
 In response to a request from the City of Tshwane that homelessness in the city be explored, a research team was established in 2014. The research was divided into four pillars: conceptual/theoretical perspectives of homelessness; narratives and experiences of homeless and former homeless people, particularly women; documentation of current practices to curb homelessness in the city; and policies that address homelessness in City of Tshwane. This article focuses on the second pillar. Individual interviews and one focus group interview with eight women were conducted. The results revealed four storylines: a shelter was halfway home; shelters had restrictive and protective regulations; reconnection programmes with families were required; and hope – as a matter of survival. Improving people’s economic status (not providing shelters) was the permanent solution to homelessness. Emphasis was on women’s right to equal status in housing issues which are guided by well-founded policies that are women friendly.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 439-449
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318048
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:439-449




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lukwikilu Credo Mangayi
Author-X-Name-First: Lukwikilu Credo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mangayi
Title: ‘Not just numbers!’ Homeless people as potential economic contributors in Tshwane
Abstract: 
 Statistics on homelessness in the City of Tshwane fail to give us ideas about the capacities homeless people have that could be used as a stepping stone for their own economic empowerment and development. Stories of homeless people considered in this research affirm that there are real people behind those ‘cold’ numbers. This research further unearths by means of a basic capacity inventory the potential for economic contribution that a homeless community could make in Tshwane. I found that, given the resources and support needed, the homeless community that participated in this research has the capacity to contribute, through self-employment, cooperatives, internship programmes, formal employment and so forth, to many industries in the City of Tshwane, some of which are mentioned in the article.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 450-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310023
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310023
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:450-467




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inge Kriel
Author-X-Name-First: Inge
Author-X-Name-Last: Kriel
Title: Engaging with homelessness in the City of Tshwane: Ethical and practical considerations
Abstract: 
 Policies and practices aimed at developing more engaged universities that are responsive to the needs of society have become key features of the higher education landscape of most countries. Visions of universities ‘engaged’ in matters of local importance increasingly require academics to reframe their scholarship as some form of ‘engagement’. This requirement has been addressed in many different disciplines and has been met with ambivalence. Academics who see engagement as a new form of ‘public good’ find it enhancing of their teaching and research activities, while others view engaged work as unnecessary and problematic ‘third mission’ activities that impede on ‘normal’ academic work. This article aims to contribute to these debates by interrogating the paradoxes of action and inaction. Drawing on recent experiences in reviewing a policy on homelessness for a municipality in South Africa, the article seeks to bring the ambiguities and challenges of engagement into greater visibility.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 468-481
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310026
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310026
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:468-481




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wayne Renkin
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Renkin
Author-Name: Stephan de Beer
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan
Author-X-Name-Last: de Beer
Title: The Tshwane Homeless Summit as dramaturgy: A contextual, trans-disciplinary epistemology from below
Abstract: 
 In this article we propose a contextual, trans-disciplinary epistemology from below, as explored through the lenses of the Tshwane Homeless Summit and the broader policy-making process of which it formed a part. The article considers the Tshwane Homeless Summit as dramaturgy, wondering whether the stage that was set was predetermined or allowed for dissensus, irruption and surprise. The reflection of this article departs from a contextual theological perspective, suggesting that a contextual, trans-disciplinary epistemology from below requires a contextual spirituality in which the homeless/God will take centre stage.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 482-496
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1331834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1331834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:482-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Kaplan
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplan
Author-Name: Thomas Höppli
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Höppli
Title: The South African brain drain: An empirical assessment
Abstract: 
 There is no reliable data on the extent of South African skilled emigration and return migration. Statistics South Africa stopped collecting emigration data more than a decade ago. This paper provides data from the turn of the century collected in the countries to which South Africans emigrate. It first provides detailed data on emigration to the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States – the main destinations for emigrants from South Africa. It then provides estimates for the United Arab Emirates. Finally, it presents data for twenty-five other OECD countries. By contrast with widespread claims that there has been a very large brain gain as South Africans have returned following the global financial crisis, it shows that there was still a net brain drain, albeit at a slower pace. The most recent data suggest that the rate of emigration may be accelerating again.Abbreviations: OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 497-514
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351870
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351870
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:497-514




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gareth Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Gareth
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Volker Schöer
Author-X-Name-First: Volker
Author-X-Name-Last: Schöer
Title: Is there a trade-off between the employment and wages of unskilled African South Africans?
Abstract: 
 The possible trade-off between employment and wages has characterised most of South Africa’s labour market debates, particularly with regards to decent wages versus unemployment. In this article we explore the relationship between labour market earnings and the level of employment among African birth cohorts using labour force data from 1997 to 2011. We find that the association between an increase in the proportion of unskilled employed in a birth cohort and earnings is mediated by the sector of employment. While some sectors exhibit the expected negative association, there is a robust positive relationship between the first two quartiles of the earnings distribution within birth cohorts and the proportion of the birth cohort who are employed in unskilled occupations in the manufacturing and trade sectors. Because a range of market forces determine this relationship, further research is needed to unpack the reasons for such varied outcomes in order to better inform the debates on labour market interventions like the proposed National Minimum Wage and to appreciate the potential impact of such policy interventions on wages and employment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 515-528
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1323626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1323626
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:515-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theodore Anthony York
Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: York
Author-Name: Alan Colin Brent
Author-X-Name-First: Alan Colin
Author-X-Name-Last: Brent
Author-Name: Josephine Kaviti Musango
Author-X-Name-First: Josephine Kaviti
Author-X-Name-Last: Musango
Author-Name: Imke Hanlu de Kock
Author-X-Name-First: Imke Hanlu
Author-X-Name-Last: de Kock
Title: Infrastructure implications of a green economy transition in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A system dynamics modelling approach
Abstract: 
 In order to meet future goals in reducing the resulting carbon emissions from transport networks, vast investment in the development of a more energy-efficient and sustainable infrastructure is required. This study investigates the infrastructure implications of a green economy transition in the Western Cape Province of South Africa with a particular focus on the transport sector. Utilising a system dynamics modelling approach, the research effort aimed to improve understanding of how technical, economic, political, social, and environmental factors interact, particularly in the context of the uncertainties encountered during this transition. The key findings of the research indicate that investment in a better public transport system, as well as shifting the movement of freight onto the rail network, would deliver long-term positive effects, including a possible carbon emission reduction of up to 17.89%.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 529-547
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1358601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1358601
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farai Kapfudzaruwa
Author-X-Name-First: Farai
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapfudzaruwa
Author-Name: John Fay
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Fay
Author-Name: Tiago Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Tiago
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: Improved cookstoves in Africa: Explaining adoption patterns
Abstract: 
 This article uses the case of 18 projects in 14 African countries to explore the adoption patterns of improved cookstoves and the factors that influence these patterns. Our results show that there is variation in the rate of adoption between countries and amongst rural and urban households. The combined effect of moderately good gross domestic product per capita, history of improved cookstove project implementation and adequate institutional support suggests that consumers in South Africa, Senegal and Lesotho tend to be more aware of the benefits of improved cookstoves and better able to afford them than consumers in countries such as Mali, Malawi and Mozambique. Within the countries, rural households seem to be less aware and capable of affording the stoves compared to urban consumers. These differences are a result of varying levels of income and literacy. The low literacy levels mean rural and mostly elderly individuals are less knowledgeable and appreciative of the benefits offered by improved cookstoves.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 548-563
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335592
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335592
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlene Louw
Author-X-Name-First: Marlene
Author-X-Name-Last: Louw
Author-Name: Tracy Davids
Author-X-Name-First: Tracy
Author-X-Name-Last: Davids
Author-Name: Nico Scheltema
Author-X-Name-First: Nico
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheltema
Title: Broiler production in South Africa: Is there space for smallholders in the commercial chicken coup?
Abstract: 
 It is agreed that agriculture provides avenues for impoverished households to produce and trade their way out of poverty. However, this requires market access and value chain integration of small-scale farmers. This paper explores the possibilities for integration of small-scale farmers into the mainstream commercial broiler value chain in South Africa. Production costs of small-scale producers are evaluated within the context of their commercial counterparts, with a case study approach. It revealed that small-scale producers pay more for inputs but also receive a substantial premium for sales of live birds in the informal market. This results in attractive gross margins for small-scale producers. There is, however, a production ceiling, due to demand and production considerations, associated with small-scale broiler production. This ultimately results in a dualistic industry with an informal (live sale) value chain at the one end of the spectrum and a sophisticated large-scale commercial value chain at the other. Given the salient production features and investment requirements associated with large-scale broiler production, organic growth from the small-scale value chain into the commercial value chain seems improbable. The dual nature of this industry should therefore be considered when developing policy geared towards development, poverty alleviation and value chain integration.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 564-574
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335593
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1335593
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:564-574




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kehinde Omotoso
Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde
Author-X-Name-Last: Omotoso
Author-Name: Steven F. Koch
Author-X-Name-First: Steven F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch
Title: South African trends in medical aid coverage and stated healthcare-seeking preferences: 2004–14
Abstract: 
 Using population-weighted general household surveys (GHS) covering the years 2004–14, this study examines trends in medical aid coverage and healthcare facility utilisation across a spectrum of socio-demographic variables. As there are few obvious patterns in the raw health variables' time series, the analysis relies upon both parametric and nonparametric regression analysis to smooth the time series in order to outline a few general trends. Over time, medical aid coverage and the general population's ‘preference’ for public health care decreased by 0.2% and 0.1% per year, respectively. Moreover, the probability that an individual, who is covered by a medical aid scheme, states their willingness to use public health care decreased by 44%.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 575-592
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1360175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1360175
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:575-592




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Willice O. Abuya
Author-X-Name-First: Willice
Author-X-Name-Last: O. Abuya
Title: Resource conflict in Kenya’s titanium mining industry: Ethno-ecology and the redefinition of ownership, control, and compensation
Abstract: 
 The literature on community-mining enterprise conflict is currently dominated by discourses on equity, compensation, land ownership, and environmental degradation. While much debate has dwelled on whether mining is a curse or a blessing, little attention has been given to highlight the meanings that communities attach to the assets being fought over, and the need therefore to review existing laws on mining, and practices to reflect these realities.The displacement of over 3000 residents in Kwale, Kenya to make way for the mining of titanium has raised serious concerns over indigenous resource ownership and control in Kenya’s mining industry, calling for a fresh look at the Kenyan mining law. Using an ethno-ecological approach, this article explains how a community’s loss of land assets can induce a sense of vulnerability which can prefigure conflict. The conflict demonstrates the need for a more sensitive approach to community resource ownership and indigenous mineral control.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 593-606
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351869
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351869
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:593-606




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Kwame Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: James Kwame
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah
Author-Name: Justice Nyigmah Bawole
Author-X-Name-First: Justice Nyigmah
Author-X-Name-Last: Bawole
Author-Name: Albert Ahenkan
Author-X-Name-First: Albert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahenkan
Title: Local economic development in Ghana: From the ‘lost decades’ to a policy ‘maturing’ stage
Abstract: 
 Analysis and studies of local economic development (LED) tend to be under the rubric of case studies to the neglect of their historical context and the role of international development agencies. This article attempts to fill this gap by focusing on the experiences of Ghana. Adopting a systematic review of the policy documents and existing literature, it was found that, despite its significance, LED was not the priority of the governments of pre and post immediate independence era. In the fourth republic of Ghana, LED gained prominence in the various policy documents but this appears to be rhetoric and camouflage because they have not seen real implementation. However, international development agencies have played a significant role in initiating, funding and implementing specific LED activities in the various districts in Ghana. Overall, LED in Ghana has crawled from the ‘lost decades’ to a policy ‘maturing stage’.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 607-621
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310032
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:607-621




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Graaff
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Graaff
Author-Name: Lindy Heinecken
Author-X-Name-First: Lindy
Author-X-Name-Last: Heinecken
Title: Masculinities and gender-based violence in South Africa: A study of a masculinities-focused intervention programme
Abstract: 
 Violence, and particularly gender-based violence (GBV), has become an increasingly serious problem in the democratic era in South Africa. While numerous suggestions have been offered for why this is the case, a growing body of literature links the perpetration of violence and GBV to the expectations of men’s prescribed gender roles, or their masculinities. In response to this, some organisations have begun working specifically with men as a violence prevention mechanism, through the use of masculinities-focused interventions. This paper uses a South African example as a case study, looking primarily at how men who participate in the intervention understand masculinities and violence, and the impact that the intervention has on this understanding. Results suggest that violence has become largely normalised in the country, but that the intervention can play a role in beginning to problematise that normalisation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 622-634
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1334537
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1334537
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:622-634




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: W. Dzumbira
Author-X-Name-First: W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dzumbira
Author-Name: H. S. Geyer
Author-X-Name-First: H. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer
Author-Name: H. S. Geyer
Author-X-Name-First: H. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer
Title: Measuring the spatial economic impact of the Maputo Development Corridor
Abstract: 
 Years after being launched, the Maputo Development Corridor (MDC) is still facing a number of socio-economic challenges. Prominent amongst these are its failure to create adequate employment opportunities; a top-down functional approach which excludes ordinary citizens; and an unfocused management approach. The MDC also suffers from a lack of clarity on key conceptual issues such as the economic influence exerted by its nodes along the corridor and the width of its economic influence away from the spine of the corridor. This study empirically establishes the influence of nodes along the MDC and ascertains the statistical significance of the impact of the corridor over distance away from its spine. ArcGIS, standard statistical analyses and multivariate regression analysis are used to determine the relative impact of nodes on subsets of the corridor along that corridor as well as the width of its impact at various distances away from the N4 spine.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 635-651
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:635-651




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angelina Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Angelina
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Nceba Z. Somhlaba
Author-X-Name-First: Nceba Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Somhlaba
Title: Ghanaian school-going adolescents’ self-perceived barriers of access to quality education: A qualitative study
Abstract: 
 Social equality has emerged as one of the important ideals of human society, especially for development. Moreover, education has featured prominently among the many key drivers of equality. However, in developing nations like Ghana, education represents one of the areas in which gross inequality has eroded the country’s potential for attaining equality and development. The aim of the current study was to explore adolescents’ self-perceived barriers regarding access to quality education in the Northern Region of Ghana and provide suggestions on the way forward. A sample of 18 school-going adolescents from six secondary schools within the Northern Region of Ghana was purposively selected to participate in face-to-face interviews. The barriers identified included limited resources, gender disparities and a multi-dimension nature of poverty. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 652-665
Issue: 5
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1324763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1324763
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:5:p:652-665




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yvonne Erasmus
Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Erasmus
Author-Name: Desyreé Lötter
Author-X-Name-First: Desyreé
Author-X-Name-Last: Lötter
Author-Name: Natalie Tannous
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Tannous
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Title: Reflections on per diems in international development projects: Barriers to and enablers of the project cycle
Abstract: 
 The concept of what a per diem is and who should receive one is a complex idea that, within the development context, can either support or hinder the achievement of development projects’ goals. This paper seeks to explain the evolving nature of per diems and their use within the development context; explore how they serve as barriers or enablers in achieving project goals; and touch on their impact on the development project cycle. Through a 3-year-long internationally funded development programme in Malawi and South Africa, the authors compare lessons drawn from their experience with existing literature to determine the practicalities of paying per diems and address the question: To what extent do per diems support or hinder international development projects?
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 717-730
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1384364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1384364
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:717-730




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Revocatus Evarist Ngowi
Author-X-Name-First: Revocatus Evarist
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngowi
Author-Name: Dev Jani
Author-X-Name-First: Dev
Author-X-Name-Last: Jani
Title: Residents’ perception of tourism and their satisfaction: Evidence from Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Abstract: 
 This study aimed at assessing the influence of residents’ perception of socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts of tourism on their overall satisfaction with tourism. The moderation effect of residents’ tourism economic dependency was also tested within these relationships. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 160 residents living along the Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes. Moderated multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that, generally, the residents are positive about the impacts of tourism in their areas, and that perceived economic and environmental impacts of tourism significantly influence residents’ overall satisfaction with tourism. However, tourism economic dependency appears not to moderate the influence of perceived economic, social-cultural, and environmental impacts on residents’ overall satisfaction with tourism. The study results offer implications to mountain destination managers on the use of perceived impacts of tourism in enhancing the residents’ overall satisfaction as a means to sustainable tourism.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 731-742
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1442712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1442712
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco Scholtz
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Scholtz
Author-Name: Elmarie Slabbert
Author-X-Name-First: Elmarie
Author-X-Name-Last: Slabbert
Title: A remodelled approach to measuring the social impact of tourism in a developing country
Abstract: 
 Residents living in communities with tourism activities form a vital part of the tourism industry; without their support, the industry will likely fail. It is the understanding of the Social Exchange Theory that residents should receive a form of physical award for accepting visitors into their environment, however, with the case of South Africa, there are various factors that inhibit the flow of such benefits. Regardless, the residents remain supportive. It was therefore determined that the intangible social impacts of tourism also play a vital role in fostering community support. To better manage both the tangible and intangible social impact perceptions, a framework was successfully developed by means of structural equation modelling (SEM). This novel framework may aid tourism managers to predict and strategically manage the social impact perceptions of tourism in a developing country such as South Africa in order to foster the vital community support for this industry.Abbreviations: SEM: Structural equation modelling
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 743-759
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:743-759




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harlod Zaunda
Author-X-Name-First: Harlod
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaunda
Author-Name: Rochelle H. Holm
Author-X-Name-First: Rochelle
Author-X-Name-Last: H. Holm
Author-Name: Ambumulire Itimu-Phiri
Author-X-Name-First: Ambumulire
Author-X-Name-Last: Itimu-Phiri
Author-Name: Mphatso Malota
Author-X-Name-First: Mphatso
Author-X-Name-Last: Malota
Author-Name: Sian White
Author-X-Name-First: Sian
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Title: A qualitative assessment of disability friendly water and sanitation facilities in primary schools, Rumphi, Malawi
Abstract: 
 Students with disabilities commonly face barriers when accessing water and using sanitation and hygiene facilities at school. International frameworks have prompted governments to enact local policies that enshrine these rights, guarantee equitable access to education and mandate inclusive infrastructure. This research was designed to explore whether Malawi has translated good policies into practice. Data were gathered in Rumphi district, Malawi, through structured field observations in ten schools and interviews with students with a disability (n = 23), teachers (n = 11) and government stakeholders (n = 2). No school had facilities that fully meet the needs of students with disabilities, and private schools were not necessarily better. The cost of bringing existing infrastructure up to standard was on average MK54 000 (US$78). However, proactive consultation with children with a disability is likely to generate alternative low-cost short-term solutions. Increased government support, budgeting and enforcement is necessary to ensure international standards and national policies are met.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 760-773
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461610
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:760-773




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hendri Coetzee
Author-X-Name-First: Hendri
Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee
Author-Name: Werner Nell
Author-X-Name-First: Werner
Author-X-Name-Last: Nell
Title: Measuring impact and contributions of South African universities in communities: The case of the North-West University
Abstract: 
 Using the North-West University (NWU) as a case study, this article argues for and demonstrates the value of empirically assessing the impact of universities on their communities. A cross-sectional survey design (n = 984) was used to investigate the NWUs impact on three different communities, as well as to empirically assess the needs of these communities. Results suggest that community-based projects and services, work-integrated learning activities, and, to a lesser extent, the quantity and quality of a university's graduate students, as well as initiatives such as science and engineering weeks, open days, sports weeks, and botanical gardens likely represent the most powerful and viable avenues for universities to achieve impact in their communities, especially when such endeavours are specifically tailored to community needs. The findings also suggest that universities’ outputs do not necessarily equate with or guarantee impact, and that impact is optimised when outreach activities are based on the actual needs of communities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 774-790
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1475218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1475218
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:774-790




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenalekgosi Gontse
Author-X-Name-First: Kenalekgosi
Author-X-Name-Last: Gontse
Author-Name: Joseph E. Mbaiwa
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaiwa
Author-Name: Olekae Tsompi Thakadu
Author-X-Name-First: Olekae Tsompi
Author-X-Name-Last: Thakadu
Title: Effects of wildlife crop raiding on the livelihoods of arable farmers in Khumaga, Boteti sub-district, Botswana
Abstract: 
 Human–wildlife interaction in Boteti district, Botswana is critical. Wild animals destroy agricultural products and threaten human lives. This paper, therefore, assesses the economic effects of wildlife crop raiding on the livelihoods of arable farmers in Khumaga, Boteti sub-district, Botswana. A total of 119 arable farmers were interviewed using open and closed-ended structured questionnaires in this study. Key informant interviews were also conducted through purposive selection. Findings indicate that wild animals destroy agricultural production at Khumaga leading to food insecurity; sometimes farmers can lose the entire field in single elephant crop raiding. The elephant (Loxodonta africana) was reported by respondents to be a problem animal. In conclusion, decision-makers should ensure that farmers at Khumaga are protected and inducted with mitigation strategies that are effective against wildlife to improve arable farmer’s livelihoods and conservation efforts at Khumaga village and in Botswana.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 791-802
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1495061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1495061
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:791-802




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Reza Oryoie
Author-X-Name-First: Ali Reza
Author-X-Name-Last: Oryoie
Author-Name: Jeffrey Alwang
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Alwang
Title: School attendance and economic shocks: Evidence from rural Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Unpredicted shocks such as weather, pests or price changes affect agricultural households negatively or positively. The shocks have two opposite effects (income and substitution) on parents’ investments in the human capital of their children, and it is not predictable from theory whether the income effect or the substitution effect of a shock has a greater impact on the investments. Therefore, it is unknown whether human capital investments (i.e. sending children to school rather than having them work) are procyclical or countercyclical. In this paper we show how hyperinflation may affect investments in the education of children by their parents using three data-sets from Zimbabwe. We find that human capital investments are countercyclical (the substitution effect dominates) in rural areas of Zimbabwe during a shock. Therefore, policymakers in Zimbabwe need to be worried about decreased schooling of children during positive shocks in the rural areas.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 803-814
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1496814
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1496814
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:803-814




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prudence Kwenda
Author-X-Name-First: Prudence
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwenda
Author-Name: Miracle Ntuli
Author-X-Name-First: Miracle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli
Title: A detailed decomposition analysis of the public-private sector wage gap in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The present study examines the public-private sector wage gap in South Africa using individual cross-sectional data for 2000–14. Results from unconditional quantile regressions and generalised Oaxaca–Blinder type decompositions show that the wage gap is an inverted-U shape across the wage distribution. The ‘composition effect’ is more important than the ‘price effect’ at the bottom of the distribution while the opposite applies at the top. Key factors underpinning the ‘composition effect’ are unionisation, industry of employment and education, while those associated with the ‘price effect’ are education, race and occupation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 815-838
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1499501
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1499501
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:815-838




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna Nel
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Nel
Title: Community leadership: A comparison between asset-based community-led development (ABCD) and the traditional needs-based approach
Abstract: 
 A comparison study was undertaken between the asset-based community-led development (ABCD) approaches versus the traditional needs-based approach to community development relating to community leadership. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 24 community projects in South Africa for the study, of which 14 were sensitised to ABCD and 10 were not. The kind of community leadership developed in ABCD communities enabled communities to lead their own development by co-investing their own assets, and leveraging their assets with resources from external agencies. In comparison, although development took place, the leadership that emerged in the needs-oriented projects was more authoritarian in nature, and in some instances, seemed to establish a dependency on external agencies. Community leadership that contributes to projects that were more driven by community members complements the principles of appreciative leadership, which were more evident in ABCD-sensitised communities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 839-851
Issue: 6
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1502075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1502075
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:6:p:839-851




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nico Cloete
Author-X-Name-First: Nico
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete
Author-Name: Ian Bunting
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bunting
Author-Name: Tracy Bailey
Author-X-Name-First: Tracy
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey
Title: Fort Hare at its centenary: University functions in post-apartheid South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the range of functions undertaken by the University of Fort Hare (UFH) over its 100-year history and in what ways it has carried these out. Drawing on the framework developed by Castells on the functions performed by universities, the paper shows that UFH’s role in three of these functions – namely, in the production of values for individuals and social legitimation for the state, in the formation of the dominant elite, and in the training of the labour force – has shifted and changed along with the different imperatives and conditions of the colonial, apartheid and post-1994 democratic eras in South Africa. By contrast, UFH’s role in the production of scientific knowledge is a relatively recent development, but one which has strengthened rapidly.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 611-625
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351872
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351872
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:611-625




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samuel N. Fongwa
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fongwa
Title: South Africa’s knowledge-development policy nexus: Implications for place-based development in the Eastern Cape Province
Abstract: 
 The contribution of universities, knowledge and innovation to development has moved to the foreground of national and regional policy and practice. More successful nations and regions show a close alignment between knowledge policy and socio-economic development. However, in peripheral regions, this link is less well articulated for place-based development. This paper interrogates this relationship within the South African and Eastern Cape regional context. Using core tenets from the learning region concept, I show how the role of knowledge has gained significant traction in the national knowledge and development policy landscape. Using evidence from the broader Amathole region in the Eastern Cape, I highlight some of the challenges within the knowledge-development policy nexus. In the main, weak knowledge and social capabilities undermine place-based innovation, interactive learning and ultimately development. The paper concludes that although the University of Fort Hare can serve as a development agent in the region, a continuously reflexive and engaged policy making process of learning, networking and institutional embeddedness is critical.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 626-640
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1405798
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1405798
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:626-640




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: François van Schalkwyk
Author-X-Name-First: François
Author-X-Name-Last: van Schalkwyk
Author-Name: George de Lange
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: de Lange
Title: The engaged university and the specificity of place: The case of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
Abstract: 
 This paper suggests that sufficient imagination about the role of the university as a place-based actor, in conjunction with conditions of institutional embeddedness and normative alignment of university-community engagement, are minimum requirements for place-specific engagement. To explore this process of alignment and institutional conditions in practice, this paper explores one university's approach to embedding engagement and its sense of place-making in the context of multiple institutional logics. Findings show how the university has attempted to embed engagement by following a protracted consultative process that enabled engagement to be aligned with and integrated into the core functions of the university. Findings also show that engagement continues to be driven, at least partially, by market logics that favour financial imperatives over those of place-making.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 641-656
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:641-656




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sara S. (Saartjie) Grobbelaar
Author-X-Name-First: Sara S. (Saartjie)
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar
Title: Developing a local innovation ecosystem through a university coordinated innovation platform: The University of Fort Hare
Abstract: 
 This article builds on the concept of the ‘Development University’ and draws on findings from previous studies by the author on the transformation pathway and a university-coordinated intermediary platform at the University of Fort Hare. The article places the university at the centre of the development of an innovation ecosystem to facilitate the development of ecosystem platform architectures for engaged scholarship projects and their implementation for the benefit of local communities. The platform ecosystem design framework derived in this article approaches the analysis from three levels: (1) Contextual considerations and design requirements through a development pathway framework; (2) distinguishing between top-down creation of institutional mechanisms and the emergence of bottom-up engaged scholarship activities; and (3) some reflection on the governance and orchestration of the intermediary platform architectural design considerations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 657-672
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1421902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1421902
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:657-672




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jayshree S Thakrar
Author-X-Name-First: Jayshree S
Author-X-Name-Last: Thakrar
Title: University–community engagement as place-making? A case of the University of Fort Hare and Alice
Abstract: 
 In the South African context, the post-apartheid university is deemed a critical contributor towards the national development agenda and community engagement is a significant principle through which universities would bring about social and economic transformation. This is reflective of a growing global movement of networks of universities iterating the civic and social role of higher education and its responsibility to its place. Drawing on notions of place-making, this study briefly recalls the histories of the University of Fort Hare and the town of Alice and evidences the more contemporary engagement policy, design and praxis of both, to surmise the significance the university gives to its place. The findings reveal a disconnect between the University of Fort Hare and the town of Alice and conclude that whilst the University of Fort Hare remains the economic power in Alice, it has no intrinsic commitment towards either the town or place-making.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 673-688
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1433022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1433022
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:673-688




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Denver Hendricks
Author-X-Name-First: Denver
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendricks
Author-Name: Jaime Flaherty
Author-X-Name-First: Jaime
Author-X-Name-Last: Flaherty
Title: Integrating the edges: University of Pretoria's neighbourhood anchor strategy
Abstract: 
 The traditionally inward focus of many higher education institutions in both the United States (US) and South Africa has often failed to address important urban issues beyond the university gates, confining most student and academic activity to the campus. Universities can create social change not just through their primary teaching and research functions, but also through the promotion of integration on and around their campuses. In addition, place-based activities that improve neighbourhoods can help to attract students and staff, as well as new businesses and services. In particular, they can foster the influx of young professionals and families seeking to help build open, safe, vibrant and diverse communities, which may represent a new model for South African socio-economic integration beyond the ‘gated’ framework. Accordingly, the University of Pretoria (UP) has sought to lead an urban renewal and social transformation project around its Hatfield campus.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 689-700
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1433024
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1433024
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:689-700




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leslie J. Bank
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bank
Title: Putting universities in their place
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 609-610
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1500444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1500444
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:609-610




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leslie Bank
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Bank
Author-Name: Francis Sibanda
Author-X-Name-First: Francis
Author-X-Name-Last: Sibanda
Title: Universities as city-builders: The city-campus development opportunity in East London–Buffalo City, South Africa
Abstract: 
 This article explores the city-campus dynamic in East London’s inner city in the light of international experiences and investigates the place-based opportunities for higher education institutions to play a more instrumental role in shaping the economic development and the urban built environment in this struggling former industrial city. At a wider national level, the article is intended as a case study that will allow scholars and planners to reflect on whether South Africa’s higher education and city planning policy frameworks and approaches are designed to respond effectively to recent economic change in cities and regions and are positively aligned with local place-based development challenges. The article highlights the potential for the use of both anchor and innovation district strategies in the city, but does not prescribe a particular model or solution.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 701-715
Issue: 5
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1502076
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1502076
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:701-715




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicole De Wet
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: De Wet
Title: Family formation and economic insecurity among youth in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Youth unemployment continues to be a burden and concern for the South African government. Being economically insecure, the situation is dire with the government needing to provide resources to a population who should be economically independent. There is a need to look at the social determinants of economic insecurity among youth in South Africa. Family formations could either promote or inhibit economic well-being. This article aims to assess whether economic security improves as youth enter into unions and/or have children. The South African National Income Dynamics Study is used. Unmarried youth with no children are measured at baseline (2008) and followed up over time to examine whether economic security status changes as union status changes. Results show that while economic security, employment (from 7.61% to 25.67%) and net income per month (from 19.48% to 32.79%) increase over time, youth who marry but have no children have the lowest risk of economic insecurity (relative risk ratio = 0.02, p &lt; 0.05) compared with those who remain unmarried but have children. Special attention needs to be given to youth who have children and are unmarried and among those who marry and have children soon after.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 694-703
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310028
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:694-703




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clifford Odimegwu
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford
Author-X-Name-Last: Odimegwu
Author-Name: Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun
Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseyi Dolapo
Author-X-Name-Last: Somefun
Author-Name: Nicole De Wet
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: De Wet
Title: Contextual determinants of family dissolution in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 The question of family dissolution has been widely debated by demographers, economists and health experts in developed countries. However, there appears to be a dearth of research on the contextual determinants of family dissolution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the variations that exist within regions. This article is stimulated by the recognition that family dissolution is associated with negative consequences both for adults and for children. Using pooled data from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 16 SSA countries with a weighted sample of 51 474 (Central Africa), 61 069 (East Africa), 42 247 (Southern Africa) and 83 187 (West Africa) women, the article examines the contextual determinants of family dissolution in SSA. Dissolution rates ranged from 12% in East Africa to 20% in Central Africa. Socio-economic variables were strong predictors of dissolution in all of the regions although direction of association differed. This article adds to the body of knowledge of family dissolution in SSA.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 721-737
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310029
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:721-737




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sunday A. Adedini
Author-X-Name-First: Sunday A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Adedini
Author-Name: Clifford Odimegwu
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford
Author-X-Name-Last: Odimegwu
Title: Polygynous family system, neighbourhood contexts and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 Based on the competing theories regarding the relationship between family structure and child health outcomes, this article examined the effects of polygynous family system (PFS) on under-five mortality (U5M) across different socio-economic and neighbourhood contexts in selected sub-Saharan African countries. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed on pooled data of children (n = 54 842) born in the five years before the Demographic and Health Surveys of selected countries. Results indicated differential effects of PFS on U5M across varying contexts, because risks of U5M were significantly higher for children of polygynous mothers in poor communities (hazard ratio: 2.98, 95% confidence interval: 2.23 to 3.95, p &lt; 0.001) and children of monogamists in poor communities (hazard ratio: 2.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.69 to 2.98, p &lt; 0.001) compared with the children of monogamists in rich communities. Given the worsening effects of polygyny on childhood survival across different contexts, this study stressed the need for marriage reforms and enforcement of a monogamous family system if significant U5M reduction would be achieved in sub-Saharan African countries during the post-2015 development era.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 704-720
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310030
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:704-720




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Assata Zerai
Author-X-Name-First: Assata
Author-X-Name-Last: Zerai
Title: Millennium Development Goal shortfalls in Zimbabwe: Analysing the impact of access to water and sanitation on early childhood morbidity
Abstract: 
 An Africana feminist framework is presented that considers the ways in which inequality resulting from a historical legacy of political conflict and other dimensions intersect to impact upon the accomplishment of Millennium Development Goals with regards to environmental sustainability and child malnutrition in Zimbabwe. Demographic and Health Surveys are analysed from 1988 to 2011 to examine whether differential access to water and sanitation is predicted by ethnic differences in Zimbabwe, and is predictive of chronic malnutrition. Safe water and sanitation are in short supply, and logistic regression analyses provide evidence that residents in Shona and Ndebele-dominated provinces generally have better access to these resources. Uneven distribution of these development resources has a deleterious impact on early childhood nutrition. This work elicits results that give rise to child health-related policy recommendations that may inform post-2015 discussions of Sustainable Development Goals, namely that within-country ethnic differences must be taken into account.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 802-824
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1310031
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:802-824




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haley McEwen
Author-X-Name-First: Haley
Author-X-Name-Last: McEwen
Title: Nuclear power: The family in decolonial perspective and ‘pro-family’ politics in Africa
Abstract: 
 This article argues that the normative construction of ‘family’ in heteronormative ‘nuclear’ terms is infused with power relations, and therefore must not be taken for granted as an analytical category or concept. Not only a site where racialised and patriarchal western notions of sexed and gendered hierarchies have been naturalised and institutionalised, the ‘nuclear family’ model was positioned as a signifier of modernity, civilisation and progress within eurocentric knowledge construction that served colonial interests. This discussion reviews decolonial thinking on the nuclear family, as well as anti-imperialist literature on the colonial history of the nuclear family ideal. These perspectives are brought into conversation with current developments in which the nuclear family model is being reinvigorated by the conservative US-based ‘pro-family’ movement. The ‘family’, it is concluded, is entangled in multiple relations of geo-political power that should be taken into account in research and the production of knowledge around kinship in African contexts.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 738-751
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318700
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:738-751




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: An-Magritt Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: An-Magritt
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Title: Comparing family changes in two rural areas of Kenya: Past legacies and present realities
Abstract: 
 Fertility in Kenya declined from total fertility rate (TFR) 6.7 to 4.6 between 1989 and 2008/09. Initially, Western and Coast Provinces returned figures above and below the national average with TFR 8.1 and 5.4 respectively. Then fertility in Western Province declined substantially to TFR 5.6 while in Coast Province the decline was modest to TFR 4.8, above the national average in both provinces. I shall scrutinise this development by examining two rounds of qualitative case studies in rural villages in the two provinces, first in 1988–90 with a follow up in 2011. The analysis revealed that over time fewer children were born in the Western villages, but more in the Coast villages. The hypothesis is that differences in cultural (patriarchy and a mix of matriarchy and patriarchy) and religious (Christian and Muslim) legacies are crucial to understanding such disparities in childbearing. Attention is given to marriage, gender relations and female education.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 787-801
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1318701
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:787-801




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippa Waterhouse
Author-X-Name-First: Philippa
Author-X-Name-Last: Waterhouse
Author-Name: Allan G. Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Allan G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Author-Name: Andrew Hinde
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Hinde
Title: Combining work and child care: The experiences of mothers in Accra, Ghana
Abstract: 
 Work–family research has focused predominantly on western women. Yet the forms of economic labour in which women are typically involved and the meaning of motherhood are context specific. This article aims to explore the experience of combining economic activity and child care of mothers with young children using urban Ghana as a case study. Semi-structured interviews (n = 24) were conducted in three locations in the Accra Metropolitan Area. Transcripts were analysed using the general inductive approach. The results found women’s experience of role conflict to be bi-directional. With regard to role enhancement, economic activity allowed women to provide materially for their children. The combination of work and child care had negative consequences for women’s well-being. This research questions policy-makers’ strategy of frequently targeting women in their roles either as generators of income or as the primary care-takers of children by highlighting the reality of women’s simultaneous performance of these roles.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 771-786
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1323627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1323627
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:771-786




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joshua O. Akinyemi
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyemi
Author-Name: Clifford O. Odimegwu
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Odimegwu
Author-Name: Olufunmilayo O. Banjo
Author-X-Name-First: Olufunmilayo O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Banjo
Title: Dynamics of maternal union dissolution and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 The family setting has implications for child survival. In this study, the dynamics of maternal union dissolution and childhood mortality were investigated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Birth history data of 235 454 children from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 23 SSA countries were analysed using life table techniques and piecewise exponential hazards models. The results revealed that the childhood mortality rates were 35 vs 32 per 1000 live births (one month), 61 vs 54 per 1000 (11 months) and 95 vs 86 per 1000 (48 months) for children of women in marital dissolution compared with those with intact marriages. Despite controlling for background variables, the risk of under-five mortality was significantly higher among children of women in marital dissolution (relative risk = 1.35, confidence interval: 1.30–1.40). The effect of dissolution on childhood mortality has not changed since the 1990s. Marital stability is an important social structure for child survival.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 752-770
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1351871
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:752-770




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: i-i
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1370127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1370127
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorretta Favour Chizomam Ntoimo
Author-X-Name-First: Lorretta Favour Chizomam
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntoimo
Author-Name: Nyasha Mutanda
Author-X-Name-First: Nyasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanda
Title: Homogamy and heterogamy in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for couples’ fertility behaviour
Abstract: 
 This study examines patterns of homogamy and heterogamy and their implications for couple’s fertility behaviour. Data were obtained from demographic and health surveys conducted in Ghana, Nigeria and Zambia between 2001 and 2014. The study population were couples in a monogamous union where wives were aged 35 years and over: 1785 in Ghana, 3185 in Nigeria and 3175 in Zambia. Results of the descriptive analysis show that educational, religious and ethnic homogamy and occupational heterogamy were predominant among the couples and mean children ever born varied according to couples’ characteristics. The significant predictors of fertility as revealed in the multivariate analysis included educational homogamy and heterogamy, occupational homogamy, age difference and religious and ethnic homogamy. To expedite fertility transition in the three countries and other sub-Saharan African countries, programmes and policies aimed at reducing fertility in the region should incorporate strategies that focus on the characteristics of couples in union.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 670-681
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1384363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1384363
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:670-681




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Oluwagbemiga Ezekiel Adeyemi
Author-X-Name-First: Oluwagbemiga Ezekiel
Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemi
Title: Diverse family forms and quality-of-life in sub-Saharan African countries
Abstract: 
 Family is the foundation on which other institutions are built. Its quality has resultant effects on the quality of the society in its entirety. It is, therefore, expedient to examine the relationship between diverse family forms and quality-of-life in sub-Saharan African countries. Demographic and Health Surveys for four countries were used for the study. The study reveals a significant relationship between cohabitation, marriage and wealth status in all the four countries, while marriage remains significantly related with education in all the countries except Kenya. Poisson regression revealed a higher effect of education on diverse family forms except single parents in Mozambique and Nigeria, while with the adjusted data divorce/separated women in Kenya have a significantly higher coefficient (β = −1.03, p-value = 0.000) compared with other countries in the study area The study concludes that family formation cannot be overlooked, as it relates to the wellbeing of women in sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 682-693
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1405797
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1405797
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:6:p:682-693




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clifford Odimegwu
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford
Author-X-Name-Last: Odimegwu
Author-Name: Nicole De Wet
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: De Wet
Author-Name: Sunday Adedini
Author-X-Name-First: Sunday
Author-X-Name-Last: Adedini
Author-Name: Loretta Ntoimo
Author-X-Name-First: Loretta
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntoimo
Title: Family demography research and post-2015 development agenda
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 667-669
Issue: 6
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1408457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1408457
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jodi Pelders
Author-X-Name-First: Jodi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pelders
Author-Name: Gill Nelson
Author-X-Name-First: Gill
Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson
Title: Living conditions of mine workers from eight mines in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Poor living conditions are a consequence of the history of the South African mining industry (SAMI), despite legislation having been implemented to attempt to address this challenge. This paper describes the living conditions of mine workers from eight mines in South Africa in 2014, and assesses changes made over the previous decade. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected at three platinum, two gold, one coal, one diamond, and one manganese mine in 53 interviews with mine management, 11 interviews with labour representatives, 14 focus groups with mine workers, and 875 questionnaires completed by mine workers. The use of single-sex hostels and hostel room occupancy rates has reduced, while the use of living-out allowances (LOAs) has increased. Problems included the high proportions of informal accommodation; a lack of access to water, sanitation, and electricity; and poor roads. While improvements to the living conditions in the SAMI are evident, challenges still remain.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 265-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:265-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tinashe Paul Kanosvamhira
Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanosvamhira
Title: The organisation of urban agriculture in Cape Town, South Africa: A social capital perspective
Abstract: 
 This article explores urban agriculture in Cape Town and its organisational forms. Based on a literature review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, it examines the state of linkages among urban farmers and various supporting organisations of urban agriculture. Moreover, it examines the coordination of activities among key supporting organisations. By analysing the roles of state and non-state actors and linkages, the article discusses implications for the development of urban agriculture. This article suggests that a lack of effective coordination of initiatives among supporting actors presents a significant pitfall in the development of urban agriculture. Furthermore, the failure of farmers to self-organise is identified as equally detrimental. Therefore, it calls for improved synergies between state and non-state actors involved to ensure that the gains of urban agriculture are enhanced.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 283-294
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456910
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456910
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:283-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amos Apraku
Author-X-Name-First: Amos
Author-X-Name-Last: Apraku
Author-Name: Philani Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Philani
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Author-Name: Wilson Akpan
Author-X-Name-First: Wilson
Author-X-Name-Last: Akpan
Title: Coping with climate change in Africa: an analysis of local interpretations in Eastern Cape, SA
Abstract: 
 The emissions of greenhouse gases together with other anthropogenic activities has caused a change in global climatic conditions with corresponding negative effects on agricultural productivity, biodiversity and other socio-economic indices. Studies reveal that the impacts of climate change are felt most severely by the vulnerable, who have fewer adaptive capacities. In Africa, for example, little is known about local narratives on the ‘causes’ of climate change, and how such narratives influence climate change coping and adaptation strategies in specific local settings. Where do the ‘local’ and the ‘global’ intersect in the search for effective coping measures – and do they? Using a qualitative approach, this paper reveals how local conceptions of climate change appear to be rooted in ‘politics’ and spiritual forces. The paper highlights not only the major points of divergence between local interpretations and ‘Western’ conceptions about climate change, but also important areas of convergence between the two ideational domains.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 295-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1482199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1482199
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:295-308




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mpho Anna Ntlhola
Author-X-Name-First: Mpho Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntlhola
Author-Name: Prudence Kwenda
Author-X-Name-First: Prudence
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwenda
Author-Name: Miracle Ntuli
Author-X-Name-First: Miracle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli
Title: A distributional analysis of union-wage effects in South Africa: Evidence from panel data
Abstract: 
 This paper examines whether individual workers’ time-invariant unobservable characteristics influence estimates of the South African union wage premium across the length of the conditional wage distribution. It employs the 2001–7 South African Labour Force survey and a fixed effects quantile regression estimator. Results show a relatively large (small) wage premium at the bottom (top) of the conditional wage distribution when workers’ time-invariant unobserved characteristics are ignored. Accounting for this set of factors substantially reduces the wage premium at all points of the distribution. In fact, the wage premium becomes somewhat constant across the conditional wage distribution, suggesting that unions in South Africa have little wage compressionary effects.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 309-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1484700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1484700
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:309-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faeez Nackerdien
Author-X-Name-First: Faeez
Author-X-Name-Last: Nackerdien
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: A panel data analysis of the formal-informal sector labour market linkages in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study explores the labour market linkages between the informal and formal sectors, using the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study data. The main focus is on three groups of employed: worked in the formal sector in all waves; worked in the informal sector in all waves; moved between the two sectors across the waves. Only 27% of informal sector workers in wave 1 transitioned to the formal sector in wave 4; 38% remained in the informal sector while 33% had their status changed to either inactive or unemployed. The econometric analysis indicates that older and more educated individuals living in urban areas and coming from households with fewer old-age grant recipients are significantly more likely to work in the formal sector, whereas more educated white males are associated with a significantly greater likelihood of transitioning from informal to formal sector employment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 329-350
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:329-350




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Il-haam Petersen
Author-X-Name-First: Il-haam
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen
Author-Name: Glenda Kruss
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruss
Title: Promoting alignment between innovation policy and inclusive development in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Innovation for inclusive development (IID) is widely promoted as a policy objective in the global South, but the challenge is that there is little design and implementation of context-appropriate instruments and incentives. One critical foundation is network alignment – that innovation policy should be aligned with the goals and strategies of government departments responsible for promoting inclusive development (Von Tunzelmann, N, 2007. Approaching network alignment. Draft Paper for the U-Know Consortium: Understanding the relationship between knowledge and competitiveness in the enlarging European Union). The paper contributes by using qualitative analysis software to analyse the nature of shared policy goals and instruments in South Africa, and assess how these can be aligned with each other and with the goals of IID. Three main spaces for policy intervention are identified, to promote IID in a way that goes beyond the aspirational and the rhetorical. Such analysis of formal policy does not take into account the political will, capabilities and resources for implementation, but it does provide a systematic evidence base to effect strategic change.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 351-375
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1490175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1490175
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:351-375




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adefemi Adegeye
Author-X-Name-First: Adefemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adegeye
Author-Name: Johnny Coetzee
Author-X-Name-First: Johnny
Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee
Title: Exploring the fragments of spatial justice and its relevance for the global south
Abstract: 
 For the past two decades, the South African government, through various initiatives, attempted to undo the apartheid spatial landform existing in the country. Only in 2013 was the real ‘spatial justice turn in planning’ formally introduced in planning legislation. Little is known about the spatial justice concept and how it should be applied to planning and development activities. This article proposes positioning spatial justice within the wider justice and social justice discourse. Using a meta-synthesis, this article proposes a working definition of spatial justice in an attempt to unravel the properties and nuances within it. The meta-synthesis frames the concept of spatial justice to possess equity, diversity, democracy, just distribution, benefit of the disadvantaged, and access to necessary resources to meet basic needs. This working definition could be used to develop a framework to operationalise spatial justice, helping policy makers and practitioners undo spatial injustices that exist in our geographies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 376-389
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1495062
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1495062
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:376-389




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saifullahi Sani Ibrahim
Author-X-Name-First: Saifullahi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sani Ibrahim
Author-Name: Huseyin Ozdeser
Author-X-Name-First: Huseyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdeser
Author-Name: Behiye Cavusoglu
Author-X-Name-First: Behiye
Author-X-Name-Last: Cavusoglu
Title: Financial inclusion as a pathway to welfare enhancement and income equality: Micro-level evidence from Nigeria
Abstract: 
 While the importance of financial inclusion as a means of poverty and income inequality reduction has long been recognised, the paths to welfare enhancement and income equality through financial inclusion remain partially acknowledged. Using micro-level data on 1 750 rural Nigerian households, this study examines the finance-welfare nexus by constructing a multi-variable financial inclusion index. The results first show that financial inclusion exerts a strong positive influence on household welfare. However, the decomposition analysis shows that middle- and high-income households gain more from financial inclusion in comparison to the targeted low-income households. Second, informal livelihood strategies, such as environmental resource extraction, crops, and livestock production, revealed reduced welfare disparities across income distributions. Therefore, for financial inclusion to alleviate welfare inequality and ensure income convergence, rural financial markets must be redesigned to allow wider access to credit, specifically for low-income and vulnerable households.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 390-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1498766
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1498766
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:390-407




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdallah Abdul-Mumuni
Author-X-Name-First: Abdallah
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdul-Mumuni
Author-Name: Bhasin K. Vijay
Author-X-Name-First: Bhasin K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vijay
Author-Name: Obeng K. Camara
Author-X-Name-First: Obeng K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Camara
Title: Remittances and child labour in Ghana: Does the gender of the household head matter?
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the effect of remittance income on child labour and the role of gender in Ghana. Data were sourced from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6. In order to solve the issue of endogeneity, we adopt the instrumental variable approach. The study finds evidence that, irrespective of whoever is the head of the household, the total effect of remittances on child labour is negative. However, the negative effect is much higher for female-headed households. It is recommended that more mobile money transfer outlets be established and the cost of transferring money be reduced to the barest minimum so as to enable households to maximise the benefits of the remittances they receive. Furthermore, financial transfers should be given to female household heads upon the condition of school attendance by their children so as to reduce child labour.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452717
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452717
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David W Olivier
Author-X-Name-First: David W
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier
Title: Urban agriculture promotes sustainable livelihoods in Cape Town
Abstract: 
 Urban agriculture has long been endorsed as a means to promote food security and economic wellbeing in African cities. However, the South African context presents mixed results. In order to establish the contributions of urban agriculture to sustainable livelihoods, the sustainable livelihoods framework is applied to a case study on cultivators from Cape Town&#x2019;s Cape Flats. This study contributes to the empirical literature on urban agriculture by providing a deeper understanding of the benefits cultivators themselves attribute to urban agriculture. The key finding is that cultivators use urban agriculture in highly complex ways to build sustainable livelihoods. NGOs are central to this process. Distrust, crime and a lack of resources are, however, limiting factors. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to support pro-poor urban agriculture in African urban centres.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 17-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456907
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456907
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:17-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abieyuwa Ohonba
Author-X-Name-First: Abieyuwa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ohonba
Author-Name: Nicholas Ngepah
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngepah
Author-Name: Beatrice Simo-Kengne
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Simo-Kengne
Title: Maternal education and child health outcomes in South Africa: A panel data analysis
Abstract: 
 This study empirically assesses the relationship between mothers&#x2019; education and child health using continuous and binary proxies of child health outcomes. A panel, using four waves of the National Income Dynamic Study and a battery of estimation techniques, was employed. The results suggest that maternal education plays a large and significant role in explaining child health outcomes in South Africa. Our results also suggest that maternal education is relevant in respect to stunted growth (stunting). However, the effects of maternal education vary along races, implying levels of inequality. The effects are stronger in the black and coloured populations, possibly due to educational deficits. This suggests a need in improving the educational opportunities for these groups. We suggest that maternal education can significantly contribute to reducing the high degree of inequality in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 33-49
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456908
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:33-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tina Fransman
Author-X-Name-First: Tina
Author-X-Name-Last: Fransman
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001&#x2013;16
Abstract: 
 This study uses the Census 2001 and 2011 as well as Community Survey 2007 and 2016 data to derive a multidimensional poverty index in South Africa for each year, before assessing the changes in non-money-metric, multidimensional poverty over time. Both the incidence and intensity of multidimensional poverty decreased continuously, and these declines were more rapid than that of money-metric poverty. The decrease in multidimensional poverty between 2001 and 2016 was most rapid for female Africans residing in rural areas in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu&#x2013;Natal provinces. Multidimensional poverty was most serious in numerous district councils in these two provinces, despite the fact that poverty decline was also most rapid in these district councils. The results of the multidimensional poverty index decomposition indicated that Africans contributed more than 95% to multidimensional poverty, while unemployment, years of schooling and disability were the three indicators contributing most to poverty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 50-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1469971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1469971
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:50-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherina J Schenck
Author-X-Name-First: Catherina J
Author-X-Name-Last: Schenck
Author-Name: Phillip F Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip F
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Elizabeth C Swart
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth C
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart
Author-Name: Jacoba M M Viljoen
Author-X-Name-First: Jacoba M M
Author-X-Name-Last: Viljoen
Author-Name: Naome Mudavanhu
Author-X-Name-First: Naome
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudavanhu
Title: The management of South Africa&#x2019;s landfills and waste pickers on them: Impacting lives and livelihoods
Abstract: 
 Effective management of waste and the promotion and management of recycling activities are necessary for sustainable and liveable cities. A key but unrecognised element in promoting recycling is the efforts of waste pickers who make a living from recycling mainline recyclables. This article aims to describe the approaches used on 10 landfills in South Africa to manage waste pickers&#x2019; access to recyclables and their daily activities on the landfills. A multiple case study design and cross-case analysis were used in this study. The sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) was used to analyse and explain the data. The results showed that waste management policies and practices directly influence the waste pickers&#x2019; access to recyclable waste and their livelihoods. Finally, some inclusionary and exclusionary practices are highlighted that could guide inclusive, participatory and co-productive practices for waste pickers in South Africa towards increased recognition, access, dignity and income.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 80-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1483822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1483822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:80-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beatrice Conradie
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Conradie
Author-Name: Ida Linde Hansen
Author-X-Name-First: Ida Linde
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen
Author-Name: Mariska Oosthuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Mariska
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosthuizen
Title: Experiences with and the viability of a recycling pilot project in a Cape Town township
Abstract: 
 This paper documents the experience with an NGO-initiated recycling programme in Hangberg Township, Cape Town. The 11-week trial project achieved 70% sign-up but suffered substantial drop-out. The NGO&#x2019;s attempt to brand block leaders as &#x2018;eco-heroes&#x2019; was unsuccessful and there were concerns about the distribution of project benefits. The project diverted 26% by mass of the estimated solid waste refuse stream of 2.5 kg per person per week and made R1752 from selling 1.965 tons of recycling. Some 970 kg of compostables were diverted but not processed as part of the project. Project accounts revealed a benefit&#x2013;cost ratio of 0.123 in which the sale of recyclables and landfill costs avoided were the only benefits and wages and consumables the main costs. While a more equitable distribution of benefits could improve the cost&#x2013;benefit ratio, there are other good reasons for donors to fund projects of this nature.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 99-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1484699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1484699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:99-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keerty Nakray
Author-X-Name-First: Keerty
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakray
Author-Name: Nellie Musamba Kafukanya
Author-X-Name-First: Nellie Musamba
Author-X-Name-Last: Kafukanya
Title: Gender mainstreaming in multi-level political governance in urban Zambia: A critical review of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) achievements
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the progress made by Zambia on the third Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of increasing the political participation of women in urban areas. Based on Nancy Fraser's framework of redistribution-recognition-participatory parity we demonstrate that women's political participation in Zambia is thwarted by a range of historical, economic, socio-cultural and political factors along with specific factors in urban areas such as long work hours, the informal economy and lack of familial support. It concludes that without the introduction of gender-specific quotas within local bodies in Zambia, the newly instituted Sustainable Development Goals will see growing difficulty in achieving progress.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 111-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486180
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:111-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael H&#xFC;bler
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: H&#xFC;bler
Title: How trade in ecotourism services can save nature: a policy scenario analysis
Abstract: 
 This article considers a developing country which is abundant in a non-renewable natural resource but scarce in industrial goods. The resource can be used for consumption or for exporting ecotourism services. The article examines scenarios in which technical progress, rising demand for tourism services and higher preferences for the environment reduce today's optimal depletion of the resource. Myopic behaviour and future terms-of-trade gains, however, encourage overexploitation of the resource. As a remedy, the article derives the socially optimal subsidy for the conservation of the resource and discusses North&#x2013;South transfer schemes which save nature via trade in ecotourism services. Numerical examples suggest that under optimistic assumptions a subsidy rate of about 10% would suffice to preserve the natural resource in the developing country for the provision of tourism services. The resulting cost burden would represent less than 0.03% of the Northern GDP.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 127-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1489780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1489780
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:1:p:127-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mokgadi Julia Ngoepe-Ntsoane
Author-X-Name-First: Mokgadi Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngoepe-Ntsoane
Title: Perspectives on corporate social responsibility as a route to citizen empowerment
Abstract: 
 The integration of corporate social responsibility in existing government-funded projects geared towards community upliftment is fundamental for the restoration of humanity. The study aims to untangle the intricacies by the citizens in imposing support from government-funded projects while significantly aiming to contribute towards policy considerations, enterprises, institutions and communities. The study was approached from a case study perspective. The lessons from the case study will be integrated and synthesised within the content analytical framework. The findings from the literature review demonstrated that citizen empowerment is a critical factor that could contribute to enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the provision of goods and services. The study recommends that there is a need for a clear regulatory framework for corporate social responsibility in the public sector. This original article contributes to the body of knowledge within the development context and public policy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 419-431
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1428084
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1428084
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:419-431




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Paul Denoon-Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Denoon-Stevens
Author-Name: Emma Ramaila
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramaila
Title: Community facilities in previously disadvantaged areas of South Africa
Abstract: 
 In South Africa, scholars and practitioners do not sufficiently appreciate the value of parks, libraries and sport and recreation facilities for uplifting lower-income areas, and are generally unaware of the subtle differences between providing these facilities in a northern country and providing them in a southern country. This paper addresses these concerns by demonstrating the importance of these facilities for developing social capital and empowering individuals and communities. It argues that the success of such facilities depends on sensitivity to the community’s need for safe spaces. The paper is based on a case study of the Mahwelereng Sports Node &amp; Library in Mokopane, Limpopo Province, using document analysis and interviews and discussions with the facility’s developers, managers and users. It was found that the activities offered by the facility had boosted the local community’s social capital and improved the users’ health, learning and socialisation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 432-449
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456906
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:432-449




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thorvald Gran
Author-X-Name-First: Thorvald
Author-X-Name-Last: Gran
Title: Looking back: Government politics and trust in rural developments in Tanzania and Zimbabwe 1980–1990
Abstract: 
 Trust is assigning the right to act to others. Trust is therefore building community. But trust can increase and wane with complex consequences. Community was built differently in Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Tanzania reached independence already in 1961; Zimbabwe in 1980. Both were subjected to British colonialism. Both experienced liberation movements more harshly suppressed in Zimbabwe than in Tanzania. Both had large rural populations. It can be argued that some level of generalised trust among people within the state’s formal boundaries is a condition for a functioning democracy. Distrust that makes a citizen, a group or a whole category of people exit from the state’s basic institutions fragments the state. The question here is how government politics in rural affairs, both policy-making and the organisation of implementation, affected trust relations between rulers and rural citizens in the two countries. The assumption is the less positive meaning policy has, the less trust, a reduced willingness to assign authority to policy maker and implementers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 450-465
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461608
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:450-465




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Selma T Karuaihe
Author-X-Name-First: Selma T
Author-X-Name-Last: Karuaihe
Author-Name: Philip R Wandschneider
Author-X-Name-First: Philip R
Author-X-Name-Last: Wandschneider
Title: Limited access to services for the urban poor in Windhoek, Namibia
Abstract: 
 The majority of the population living in the informal settlements of Windhoek, Namibia, have limited access to public municipal services. This paper integrates results from a sample of 97 randomly selected households, interviews with experts and community leaders and review of literature to describe and analyse the relationship between land tenure and municipal services in the informal settlements. Findings from our study show that formalised land tenure is a condition for households to access municipal services privately. However, 85% of the sample of the households in the informal settlements do not own land under current land tenure policy. Further, the need for communities ‘to own land’ seemed more immediate and pressing compared to water access, which is seen as a way to govern themselves towards raising funds for land acquisition. But lack of land ownership remains a constraint.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 466-479
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1475219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1475219
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:466-479




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Crispen Karanda
Author-X-Name-First: Crispen
Author-X-Name-Last: Karanda
Author-Name: Nuria Toledano
Author-X-Name-First: Nuria
Author-X-Name-Last: Toledano
Title: Foreign aid versus support to social entrepreneurs: Reviewing the way of fighting poverty in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Despite the development interventions that have been adopted to help the countries caught in a downward spiral of impoverishment, their problems still persist. This paper focuses on the role that traditional foreign aid and the more recent bottom–up approach of supporting social entrepreneurs are playing to tackle the situation of extreme poverty in Zimbabwe. Drawing upon a narrative inquiry, 35 stories were collected to bring fresh insights regarding the realities of such interventions as they are experienced by the local people. The evidence shows the main shortcomings of the current development models and suggests that the improvement of a declining economy such as Zimbabwe would need the interaction of various factors, so that some interventions will appear significant only when the conditions of primary importance exist in the environment. Additionally, the engagement of local people seems to be a key aspect to the success of some of the support measures.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 480-496
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1482198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1482198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:480-496




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Mamosa Elsie Teboho Tshabalala
Author-X-Name-First: Ann Mamosa Elsie Teboho
Author-X-Name-Last: Tshabalala
Author-Name: Myra Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Myra
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Title: An innovation to improve health outcomes in Amajuba district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Systems’ thinking places high value on understanding the context. This study focused on the collection of disaggregated data in order to understand the context, to facilitate improvement of health outcomes. The aim of this article was to assess the implementation of municipal ward-based health data collection (disaggregated data) and health care workers’ perceptions of this data collection process. This cross-sectional study used mixed methods in Amajuba district. The participants were professional nurses at the Primary Health Care level. Of the 131 respondents, 123 (93.9%) collected municipal ward-based health data, and found it useful. Opportunities for improving data collection were identified. Disaggregation of the data at ward level contributes to a better understanding of the target population’s health, assists planning for health needs and enables provision of targeted interventions in order to improve health outcomes, to prevent financial regression and waste of health resources.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 497-510
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1483225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1483225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:497-510




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Muller
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller
Author-Name: Horacio Zandamela
Author-X-Name-First: Horacio
Author-X-Name-Last: Zandamela
Title: Can integrated infrastructure investment plans contribute to more effective public spending? The case of Mozambique
Abstract: 
 All countries, especially developing countries with limited financial resources, face difficult decisions in prioritising public funds for investment projects in the face of multiple demands in order to achieve strategic public goals. Effective investment often requires coordination between different institutions and the management of political pressure to divert investment in support of private interests. It also requires the identification of appropriate sources of funds for different purposes. The preparation of an integrated infrastructure investment plan (IIIP) that uses structured approaches to review investment proposals has been suggested, and adopted in some cases, as an instrument to address these challenges and bridge the gap between national planning and sectoral budgeting. This article considers the experience of Mozambique in deploying an IIIP as well as some recent events and concludes that the instrument may be helpful as part of a system of investment planning and allocation but that it has significant limitations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 511-526
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486179
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486179
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:511-526




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fadwah Fredericks
Author-X-Name-First: Fadwah
Author-X-Name-Last: Fredericks
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Examining employment discrimination in South Africa, 1997–2016
Abstract: 
 This study examines employment discrimination by race and gender in 1997–2016 by employing a sample that represents the labour force (excluding informal sector workers, agricultural workers, domestic workers, self-employed and employers) aged between 15 and 65 years. Probit models are conducted to estimate labour force participation, employment and occupational attainment likelihoods. This is followed by the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, and the results indicate that the unexplained component of the white–African employment probability gap reveals a downward trend in absolute terms in 2002–2014, but in relative terms it still accounts for about 50% of the gap in 2016. The unexplained component is most dominant in the male–female employment gap decomposition. While these results suggest that employment discrimination (unexplained component) against Africans and females remains serious, the improvement of education and skills level of the workseekers (explained component) from the previously disadvantaged groups remain crucial to improve their employment prospects.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 527-553
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1486699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:527-553




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Forget Mingiri Kapingura
Author-X-Name-First: Forget Mingiri
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapingura
Title: Relationship between foreign capital flows, domestic investment and savings in the SADC region
Abstract: 
 The importance of foreign capital in the domestic economy cannot be underestimated as it bridges the gap between domestic capital demand and supply. Given this background the paper studies the relationship between the different types of foreign capital flows in the Southern Africa Development Region (SADC) region – foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, cross border bank flows (CBF), overseas development assistance (ODA) – and domestic savings and investment, employing the panel cointegration test and the dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS). The empirical results reveal that there is a strong positive relationship between domestic investment and domestic savings, FDI and remittances. These findings indicate that FDI remittances help in overcoming the limits on the domestic capital formation in the SADC region through permitting a rate of investment which is in excess of that which can be generated by domestic savings. Important policy implications on attracting foreign capital flows are discussed in the paper.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 554-568
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487279
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487279
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:554-568




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Leigland
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Leigland
Author-Name: Anton Eberhard
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Eberhard
Title: Localisation barriers to trade: The case of South Africa’s renewable energy independent power program
Abstract: 
 South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Projects Procurement Program (REIPPPP) has been hailed as one of the most successful programmes of its kind, contracting 92 renewable energy projects totalling 6 328 MW and US$20.5 billion since its inception in 2011. Despite this success, the programme’s use of non-price factors such as local jobs, local black ownership, local content, and local community ownership in bid evaluation has generated criticism and controversy. Lessons learned in other countries about how and when to use policies like import substitution to promote sustainable economic development seem not to have been fully incorporated by the REIPPPP. We therefore offer a cautionary note that dramatic and impressive localisation results are not inevitable – especially considering the size of the South African market and accompanying investment uncertainties – and that there is bound to be a trade-off between price and non-price factors in these kinds of competitive procurement programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 569-588
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487829
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1487829
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:569-588




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darika Santhia
Author-X-Name-First: Darika
Author-X-Name-Last: Santhia
Author-Name: Sheona Shackleton
Author-X-Name-First: Sheona
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton
Author-Name: Taryn Pereira
Author-X-Name-First: Taryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira
Title: Mainstreaming sustainable adaptation to climate change into municipal planning: An analysis from the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Municipalities are well positioned to support adaptation of vulnerable people to climate change; however, they seldom integrate climate change into their planning for social development. The building of adaptive capacity for sustainable adaptation requires that municipalities understand and mainstream climate change into their plans, and develop context-specific adaptation strategies that address existing social development issues. A desktop analysis was conducted to compare the planning landscape in six District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, focusing on Municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). A scoring system was developed for comparing the IDPs of the municipalities, based on levels of context-specific information about climate change, mainstreaming of climate change with other development concerns, and vertical integration across district and local municipalities, amongst other themes. Overall, the mainstreaming of climate change in municipal IDPs in the Eastern Cape remains weak, and requires critical attention if sustainable adaptation is to be achieved.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 589-608
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1488583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1488583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:589-608




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Channing Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Channing
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Author-Name: Giles Henley
Author-X-Name-First: Giles
Author-X-Name-Last: Henley
Author-Name: Faaiqa Hartley
Author-X-Name-First: Faaiqa
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartley
Title: Bioenergy in Southern Africa: An opportunity for regional integration?
Abstract: 
 This introductory paper sets out the rationale for revisiting questions surrounding biofuel futures in Southern Africa and exploring the case for the establishment of a regional market. This contrasts with most research that has focused upon benefits and risks of production and consumption for individual countries. The analysis in this issue suggests that while benefits exist, the key challenges that have stifled production and consumption to date would need to be overcome. Unlocking trade requires relaxing requirements for South African manufacturers to source all their feedstock domestically. Key among factors to encourage production is resolving agricultural investment processes, particularly designing inclusive business models and clarifying land acquisition processes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 145-154
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1447363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1447363
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:145-154




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Herbert Lee Stafford
Author-X-Name-First: William Herbert Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Stafford
Author-Name: George Adrian Lotter
Author-X-Name-First: George Adrian
Author-X-Name-Last: Lotter
Author-Name: Graham Paul von Maltitz
Author-X-Name-First: Graham Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: von Maltitz
Author-Name: Alan Colin Brent
Author-X-Name-First: Alan Colin
Author-X-Name-Last: Brent
Title: Biofuels technology development in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The benefits of biofuels depend on the feedstock, conversion pathway and local context. This paper assesses biofuels technology readiness and developments to provide foresight to biofuels development in Southern Africa. Efficient conversion pathways, coupled with biomass from waste or high-yielding energy crops, will reduce both the costs of biofuels production, and the environmental impacts. Compared to petroleum fuels, the current commercial biofuels (ethanol, biogas and biodiesel) typically offer carbon emission reductions of 30–50% but are marginally more expensive. The extent of biofuels market penetration will therefore be influenced by mandates (blending targets) and subsidies (green premium). Advanced biofuels promise greater efficiencies and carbon emission reductions at reduced cost but will require further research and development to reach commercialisation. If developed appropriately, biofuels can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy security, while enabling sustainable agriculture and improved natural resources management.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 155-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1481732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1481732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:155-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faaiqa Hartley
Author-X-Name-First: Faaiqa
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartley
Author-Name: Dirk van Seventer
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk
Author-X-Name-Last: van Seventer
Author-Name: Paul Chimuka Samboko
Author-X-Name-First: Paul Chimuka
Author-X-Name-Last: Samboko
Author-Name: Channing Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Channing
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Title: Economy-wide implications of biofuel production in Zambia
Abstract: 
 Potential biofuel demand in South Africa is estimated to increase to 1550 million litres by 2025 due to mandatory blending rates. Land and water constraints, however, limit the ability for domestic production. Zambia, due to its abundance in land, suitable climate, supportive set of bioenergy incentives and close geographical location to South Africa, has the potential to meet this increase in demand. Using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model, we estimate the macro- and socio-economic impacts of bioethanol production in Zambia from three potential crops: sugarcane, cassava and sweet sorghum. The results show that the development of a single product bioethanol industry has the potential to increase economic growth without negatively affecting overall food security. Further expansion of the industry to multiple products results in larger gains to growth and welfare.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 213-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1485552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1485552
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:213-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul C. Samboko
Author-X-Name-First: Paul C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Samboko
Author-Name: Mulako Kabisa
Author-X-Name-First: Mulako
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabisa
Author-Name: Giles Henley
Author-X-Name-First: Giles
Author-X-Name-Last: Henley
Title: Constraints to biofuel feedstock production expansion in Zambia
Abstract: 
 World biofuel production has been increasing to improve energy security and mitigate global warming. Southern Africa’s bioenergy demand could increase with South Africa’s planned fuel blending mandates, triggering increased demand for feedstocks and agricultural land. Ensuring sustained production will require a full understanding of the constraints to production expansion, considering the tradeoffs that may be generated in rural areas, as has been observed for large-scale land acquisitions. We analyse the social and biophysical constraints to biofuel production expansion in Zambia. Previously social constraints have received limited attention even though they may prove more problematic. Results indicate that Zambia is at least moderately suitable for bioenergy investments with biophysically suitable areas largely coinciding with the socially suitable areas. However, existing gaps in compensatory procedures may inhibit large-scale projects’ access to development finance if not aligned with internationally acceptable practices, and generate negative outcomes if safeguards are not in place.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 198-212
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1508988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1508988
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:198-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Paul von Maltitz
Author-X-Name-First: Graham Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: von Maltitz
Author-Name: Giles Henley
Author-X-Name-First: Giles
Author-X-Name-Last: Henley
Author-Name: Mike Ogg
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogg
Author-Name: Paul C. Samboko
Author-X-Name-First: Paul C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Samboko
Author-Name: Alexandros Gasparatos
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandros
Author-X-Name-Last: Gasparatos
Author-Name: Matt Read
Author-X-Name-First: Matt
Author-X-Name-Last: Read
Author-Name: Francois Engelbrecht
Author-X-Name-First: Francois
Author-X-Name-Last: Engelbrecht
Author-Name: Abubakari Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Abubakari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Title: Institutional arrangements of outgrower sugarcane production in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Management models are needed that empower local communities to produce biofuel feedstock in a manner that drives rural development. Much can be learnt through the accumulated experiences of sugarcane outgrower schemes in southern Africa. Early schemes provided limited empowerment, but protected outgrowers from the risks of volatile sugar value chains. In later schemes, processing plants were responsible for all operations and simply paid dividends to participating farmers. More recent schemes offer full ownership, which comes with greater rewards and empowerment, but also exposure to risks. The underlying institutional structures of outgrower schemes largely dictate their performance, and thus the factors that affect their viability or collapse. To understand the different institutional arrangements of sugarcane outgrower schemes we undertake a comparative analysis of 13 schemes in southern Africa employing a political economy framework that uses the three key questions: ‘who owns what’, ‘who does what’, and ‘who gets what’.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 175-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1527215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1527215
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:175-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faaiqa Hartley
Author-X-Name-First: Faaiqa
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartley
Author-Name: Dirk van Seventer
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk
Author-X-Name-Last: van Seventer
Author-Name: Emilio Tostão
Author-X-Name-First: Emilio
Author-X-Name-Last: Tostão
Author-Name: Channing Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Channing
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Title: Economic impacts of developing a biofuel industry in Mozambique
Abstract: 
 Mozambique is one of the most promising African countries for producing biofuels and the national biofuel policy of 2009 identifies measures to incentivize biofuel production. Demand for biofuels in the Southern African Development Community is expected to increase over the next few years as 7 of its 15 member states have implemented or proposed the implementation of blending mandates by 2020. South Africa is one of these countries. Using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we estimate the impacts of expanding biofuel production in Mozambique under both commercial and smallholder-type farming models, including and excluding bagasse cogeneration.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 233-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1548962
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1548962
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:233-249




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giles Henley
Author-X-Name-First: Giles
Author-X-Name-Last: Henley
Author-Name: Taku Fundira
Author-X-Name-First: Taku
Author-X-Name-Last: Fundira
Title: Policy and trade issues for a future regional biofuels market in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper reviews the domestic political and legislative context surround biofuels initiatives to highlight what opportunities exist for establishing a biofuels trade network between South Africa (as an anchor market) and its neighbours, specifically in Zambia and Mozambique. By analysing global developments in major biofuel importers, reasons for policy inertia in South Africa, and recent experiences with biofuels investments, we suggest that the likelihood for a regional biofuels market developing is slender without addressing land-related challenges in producer countries and revising South Africa’s domestic legislation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 250-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1605882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1605882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:250-264




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reena das Nair
Author-X-Name-First: Reena
Author-X-Name-Last: das Nair
Title: The internationalisation of supermarkets and the nature of competitive rivalry in retailing in southern Africa
Abstract: 
 In the past two decades, southern African countries have experienced rapid growth and spread of supermarket chains. This paper assesses the internationalisation of supermarkets and potential reasons for the uneven outcomes seen in different countries in the region. Several factors account for the spread, including rising urbanisation, increasing per capita income, greater economies of scale and scope, and more efficient procurement and distribution systems. However, the current literature does not adequately consider the importance of culture, proximity to suppliers and impact of policy objectives of national governments on the success of supermarkets in host countries, especially in developing countries. It also does not consider the nature of competitive rivalry between supermarkets and how this affects internationalisation. This paper highlights the importance of these factors in understanding the outcomes in selected southern African countries.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 315-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1390440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1390440
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:315-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phumzile Ncube
Author-X-Name-First: Phumzile
Author-X-Name-Last: Ncube
Title: The southern African poultry value chain: Corporate strategies, investments and agro-industrial policies
Abstract: 
 Following various regional investments in the last decade, production and participation in the poultry value chain in southern Africa has increased. One of the factors that determines entry into, and success in, a global value chain is the governance structure. This paper adopts a modular approach to analyse the governance structures in the poultry value chains in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. A key finding is that various stakeholders have an influence on the regional poultry value chain in southern Africa, with the sources of influence depending on the formality of structures within the value chain.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 369-387
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426446
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426446
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:369-387




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reena das Nair
Author-X-Name-First: Reena
Author-X-Name-Last: das Nair
Author-Name: Shingie Chisoro
Author-X-Name-First: Shingie
Author-X-Name-Last: Chisoro
Author-Name: Francis Ziba
Author-X-Name-First: Francis
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziba
Title: The implications for suppliers of the spread of supermarkets in southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The growth of supermarkets in southern Africa opens local and regional markets to suppliers through participation in supermarket supply chains. Supermarkets in the region provide an important route to market for processed foods and household consumable products. Through a regional value chain lens, this article provides an assessment of the implications of the growth of supermarkets for the participation of suppliers in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The research finds that, while supermarkets provide important opportunities for suppliers, they also exert considerable buyer power that limits supplier development and upgrading. High private standards, onerous requirements and costly trading terms negatively affect supplier participation in value chains. Long-term investments are required to build the capabilities of suppliers to meet supermarket requirements in terms of quality, consistency, volume and cost-competitiveness.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 334-350
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452715
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452715
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:334-350




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thando S Vilakazi
Author-X-Name-First: Thando S
Author-X-Name-Last: Vilakazi
Title: The causes of high intra-regional road freight rates for food and commodities in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper focuses on key areas for reducing transport costs in Southern Africa emerging from recent research on cross-border freight between Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. We consider the impact of competition, border delays and lack of return loads on transport rates which could be reduced significantly through increased availability of return loads for transporters, linked to growing industrial capacity in each country. Furthermore, increased competition and reducing delays for transporters contributed to a large reduction in transport rates between Lusaka and Johannesburg, with similar effects from Malawi. Margins charged in refrigerated transport are high due to low levels of rivalry and lack of return loads. Measures to reduce border constraints and enable greater rivalry between transporters from different countries could have a downward effect on transport rates in the region which are shown to be above benchmarks for efficient transport.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 388-403
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456905
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:388-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Channing Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Channing
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Author-Name: Simon Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Title: Introduction to special issue on regional growth opportunities
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 295-296
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1456911
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:295-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Judith Fessehaie
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Fessehaie
Author-Name: Zavareh Rustomjee
Author-X-Name-First: Zavareh
Author-X-Name-Last: Rustomjee
Title: Resource-based industrialisation in Southern Africa: Domestic policies, corporate strategies and regional dynamics
Abstract: 
 This article analyses policies and strategies adopted by Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe in order to develop linkage industries from the mineral sector. Whilst Southern Africa has a strongly integrated regional value chain for equipment and services related to mining, linkage development strategies in the three countries under examination have been formulated within narrow domestic frameworks. The evidence suggests that the success or failure of a resource-based industrialisation approach is country and sector specific, requiring the deployment of different and appropriately tailored policy instruments. Our research uncovered important cross-country variations in terms of opportunities created by specific mineral commodities, ambition and scope of industrial and linkage development strategies, and institutional capabilities to ensure enforcement and coherence with other policies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 404-418
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1464901
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1464901
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:404-418




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Channing Arndt
Author-X-Name-First: Channing
Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt
Author-Name: Simon J. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Simon J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Title: Key issues in regional growth and integration in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The decade to 2015 saw rapid growth in trade between Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. Much of this growth reflected South African exports to its neighbours of diversified manufactured goods to meet growing urban consumption and to supply inputs to mining and infrastructure. While most SADC countries, aside from South Africa, grew quite rapidly over this period, their exports remained oriented to a narrow range of minerals and agricultural commodities destined to go outside the region. Drawing from a series of sectoral studies, we assess key regional issues including the investment and production decisions of firms whose operations stretch across borders, and consider the implications for a bottom-up integration agenda that could build productive capabilities across countries. Our evaluation highlights the importance of the spread of supermarkets, the need to address transport and logistics, and value chains whose competitive advantages are inherently regional, as in the cases of poultry and mining.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 297-314
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1469970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1469970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:297-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul C. Samboko
Author-X-Name-First: Paul C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Samboko
Author-Name: Olipa Zulu-Mbata
Author-X-Name-First: Olipa
Author-X-Name-Last: Zulu-Mbata
Author-Name: Antony Chapoto
Author-X-Name-First: Antony
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapoto
Title: Analysis of the animal feed to poultry value chain in Zambia
Abstract: 
 Rapidly growing populations, urbanisation and income are together triggering increased demand for high-value agricultural commodities across Southern Africa with scope for gains from trade and regional integration. The poultry sector in Zambia, in particular, has witnessed a rapid growth triggering increased investments and competition, benefiting the consumers. Despite this growth, the sector still faces huge challenges hindering the development of the animal feed, feed input and poultry production sub-sectors. This has limited the extent of participation of the Zambian poultry industry in the regional market due to uncompetitive prices. This study analyses the animal feed to poultry value chain in Zambia, focusing on the industry capabilities with a view to enhancing its competitiveness and production for the regional market. Enhancing value chain capabilities will require improvements in productivity and production of key poultry inputs, and addressing transportation inefficiencies and coordination among governments.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 351-368
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1480932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1480932
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:351-368




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyle Festus
Author-X-Name-First: Lyle
Author-X-Name-Last: Festus
Author-Name: Atoko Kasongo
Author-X-Name-First: Atoko
Author-X-Name-Last: Kasongo
Author-Name: Mariana Moses
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Moses
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: The South African labour market, 1995–2015
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the changes in the South African labour market in the post-apartheid period. While unemployment increased over the 1995–2015 period, employment also increased. Nonetheless, the extent of employment increase is not rapid enough to absorb all net entrants into the labour force, resulting in increasing unemployment, or an employment absorption rate of 65.3%. Unemployment is concentrated in specific demographically and geographically defined groups, most notably Africans, the lowly educated and those aged below 30 years, residing in rural areas in Gauteng. Finally, four worrying findings are observed: youth jobseekers aged below 30 years struggle to find their first job; chronic unemployment is more serious for the relatively older jobseekers (aged 45 years or above) with past work experience; employees working for small, medium and micro enterprises still stagnate at approximately 3.5 million; and jobseekers from the older age cohorts are less likely to actively seek work by enquiring at workplaces and answering job advertisements.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 579-599
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203759
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:579-599




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A J Christopher
Author-X-Name-First: A J
Author-X-Name-Last: Christopher
Title: The debate on the future of the population census: Relevance for South Africa?
Abstract: 
 The cancellation of the Canadian census long-form questionnaire in 2010 and its subsequent reinstatement in 2015 resulted in a vigorous international debate on the future of the mandatory census. Questions concerning state invasions of personal privacy, party political interference and public trust and cooperation in state data-gathering were raised. As a result, alternative forms of demographic data collection were explored and the experiences of other countries examined. National population registers and non-mandatory surveys offered alternatives, but each had their own distinct disadvantages. South Africa has continued to conduct mandatory detailed censuses since 1994 and the enumerations have encountered little political opposition because they are presented as essentially nation-building exercises providing credible and relevant data, upon which national policies may be based and monitored. At present there is little incentive to change the current format of statistical collection in the absence of a viable alternative.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 600-612
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203761
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:600-612




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leon Roets
Author-X-Name-First: Leon
Author-X-Name-Last: Roets
Author-Name: Annali Botha
Author-X-Name-First: Annali
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha
Author-Name: Minrie Greeff
Author-X-Name-First: Minrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Greeff
Author-Name: Sarie P. Human
Author-X-Name-First: Sarie P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Human
Author-Name: Herman Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: Herman
Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom
Author-Name: Martha J. Watson
Author-X-Name-First: Martha J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Watson
Author-Name: Shingairai Chigeza
Author-X-Name-First: Shingairai
Author-X-Name-Last: Chigeza
Title: A synthesis of homelessness in South Africa: A rapid critical appraisal
Abstract: 
 Homelessness in South Africa requires collaborative research. Social, political, cultural and economic factors that cause homelessness must be considered to develop a common definition and understanding of homelessness. South Africa’s social complexity and diversity make it challenging to construct available results into one conceptual framework, and this in turn complicates national policy implementation and role allocation. By means of a rapid critical appraisal of literature on homelessness in South Africa, researchers provide evidence to direct and structure contextual research pertaining to homelessness. Four themes transpire: conceptualisation; demography; roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders; and strategic policy and research issues. Researchers caution that the findings are not generalisable, because of the rapid nature of the appraisal and possible selection bias of the literature. Measures of validity were used to ensure that the study accomplished its purpose through the key results and to ensure that the results are a true reflection of available evidence.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 613-627
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203756
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203756
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:613-627




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Singumbe Muyeba
Author-X-Name-First: Singumbe
Author-X-Name-Last: Muyeba
Title: The effects of state-subsidised housing on poverty in Cape Town
Abstract: 
 Property rights are widely thought to have considerable direct and indirect effects on urban poverty. However, few studies have been conducted and the evidence supporting these claims is scarce, especially in Southern Africa. This article examines effects of property rights in South Africa through a case study of subsidised housing for poor people in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. A difference-in-differences estimation strategy is employed. Results show that housing subsidies are associated with better physical health and (counter-intuitively) more teenage pregnancies. Improvement in health is attributed to better housing quality and environment while increase in teenage pregnancies is attributed to increased privacy. Effects of titling extend to social effects, which have been understudied in the literature. Since titling showed no effect by most measures, it is likely that poverty is driven so strongly by factors such as unemployment and poor location of housing projects that property rights make little overall difference to poverty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 628-643
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203757
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:628-643




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boitumelo Joyce Mohapi
Author-X-Name-First: Boitumelo Joyce
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohapi
Title: The social sector of the Expanded Public Works Programme as a strategy to alleviate poverty amongst vulnerable groups in Gauteng
Abstract: 
 This article presents findings of a mixed-methods research study undertaken to evaluate the sustainability of the social sector of the Expanded Public Works Programme as a poverty alleviation strategy targeting women, youth and persons with disabilities. The study revealed that the social sector of the Expanded Public Works Programme has made a contribution to poverty alleviation, but may not be sustainable in the long term because of its reliance on volunteers, who receive a stipend. The programme is also limited by the fact that its implementation is focused mainly on one ethnic group. The article makes recommendations which may strengthen the social sector of the Expanded Public Works Programme to facilitate its sustainability.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 644-657
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1204227
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1204227
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:644-657




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurence Piper
Author-X-Name-First: Laurence
Author-X-Name-Last: Piper
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Deconstructing ‘the foreign’: The limits of citizenship for explaining price competition in the Spaza sector in South Africa
Abstract: 
 An important component of the informal economy in South Africa, the Spaza sector is portrayed as dominated by foreign nationals who outcompete South African shopkeepers on price. Indeed, this business competition from foreign nationals is a key reason given to explain xenophobia in South Africa. This article sets out to interrogate this widely held assumption. Drawing on evidence from over 1000 Spaza shops from South Africa’s three main cities, the article makes the case that business competitiveness does not correspond with ‘foreign’ or South African identities in a simple way. Firstly, while citizenship or nationality is a factor, it is not captured by the labels of ‘foreign’ versus South African, as there are significant differences by nationality within the ‘foreign’. Secondly, not all foreign nationalities out-compete South Africans on price. Thirdly, place matters too, not only because we find different nationalities in different cities, but also because there are different patterns of price competition by nationality in each place. Lastly, there are product-specific dynamics that impact on price more profoundly than nationality. For example, regardless of nationality, milk is cheaper in Cape Town and bread is cheaper in Johannesburg.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 658-676
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203758
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:658-676




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven L Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Steven L
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Joseph T Walsh
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph T
Author-X-Name-Last: Walsh
Author-Name: Seth Appiah-Opoku
Author-X-Name-First: Seth
Author-X-Name-Last: Appiah-Opoku
Title: Rural transport health and safety in sub-Saharan Africa: Online survey snapshot of expert opinion
Abstract: 
 Rural transportation in sub-Saharan Africa is a complicated and often contradictory endeavour. This article presents the results of an Internet-based survey deployed to elicit expert input on rural transport health and safety issues. The survey was specifically aimed at capturing priorities and opinions with regard to potential research needs. A total of 65 responses to the survey were received from transport and public health professionals from 25 countries across five continents. Descriptive analysis of the responses revealed varying concerns and priorities across different issues reflecting underlying themes of poverty and gender. Cluster analyses showed the complexities of interrelationships among issues. The results can form the basis for future studies and discussions needed to continue addressing the myriad transport-related issues impeding development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 677-702
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203763
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203763
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:677-702




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Forget Mingiri Kapingura
Author-X-Name-First: Forget Mingiri
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapingura
Author-Name: Paul Alagidede
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Alagidede
Title: The relationship between financial sector development and savings mobilisation in South Africa: An empirical study
Abstract: 
 This article examines the link between financial sector development and savings mobilisation in South Africa for the period 1980–2012. Taking the life-cycle hypothesis as our theoretical background and using Johansen co-integration that allows for hypothesis testing, the empirical results revealed a long-run relationship between savings, interest rates and financial sector development. We find an inverse relationship between the interest rate and savings, implying that South Africans are net borrowers because the income effect overwhelms the substitution effect. This in part explains the low level of savings in recent time. Important policy lessons for boosting the national savings rate are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 703-718
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203760
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:703-718




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frederik Le Roux Booysen
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik Le Roux
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen
Author-Name: Jean-Pierre Geldenhuys
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Geldenhuys
Title: ‘Fit to play’: Labour market behaviour in a cohort of public-sector antiretroviral treatment patients
Abstract: 
 Given the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), it is necessary to explore the impact of ART on labour force participation, employment and labour productivity. This article investigates labour market outcomes in a prospective cohort of public-sector ART clients in the Free State province of South Africa. Empirical results suggest that labour force participation increased markedly as the proportion of those too ill to work declined, becoming indistinguishable from participation rates in the general population. Unemployment rates, however, remain above those reported for the general population. ART and its health-related benefits therefore translate into increases in labour force participation, but not employment. Employment status at HIV diagnosis strongly predicts absorption in the labour force. Public-sector ART clients should be referred to vocational rehabilitation and occupational therapy programmes, and to welfare-to-work programmes, and the unskilled to adult education and training and further education and training programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 719-739
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1203762
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:719-739




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosemary Matikiti
Author-X-Name-First: Rosemary
Author-X-Name-Last: Matikiti
Author-Name: Martinette Kruger
Author-X-Name-First: Martinette
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger
Author-Name: Melville Saayman
Author-X-Name-First: Melville
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman
Title: The usage of social media as a marketing tool in two Southern African countries
Abstract: 
 This research provides empirical evidence for the usage of social media in the marketing of accommodation establishments in two Southern African countries. The usage of social networks in the accommodation sector of these two countries has received little attention in hospitality research. The study finds that social media is used very differently by marketers in the two countries. Marketers of accommodation establishments need to be aware of such differences and not assume that all countries use these media in the same way. The study provides evidence on how social media is utilised by accommodation establishments from a developing country perspective. Its findings are useful not only to marketers but also to researchers in the field of social media marketing, especially in the Southern African region.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 740-755
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1204228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1204228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:740-755




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: x-x
Issue: 5
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1216516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1216516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:5:p:x-x




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorren Kirsty Haywood
Author-X-Name-First: Lorren Kirsty
Author-X-Name-Last: Haywood
Author-Name: Nikki Funke
Author-X-Name-First: Nikki
Author-X-Name-Last: Funke
Author-Name: Michelle Audouin
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Audouin
Author-Name: Constansia Musvoto
Author-X-Name-First: Constansia
Author-X-Name-Last: Musvoto
Author-Name: Anton Nahman
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Nahman
Title: The Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa: Investigating the need for multi-stakeholder partnerships
Abstract: 
 Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) depends on partnerships between stakeholders from government, the private sector, civil society, academic and research institutions, and international agencies. The United Nations (UN) system provides governance and support from an international perspective; national government creates an enabling and monitoring environment for implementation; civil society creates advocacy and awareness; the academic and research community provides knowledge, technologies and innovation for implementation; and the private sector does much of the implementation towards achieving the SDG targets. These different roles and responsibilities imply that development objectives cannot be achieved in isolation. There is a need for integration and partnerships between the different role players. While partnerships do already exist, there is a call for interventions to strengthen them. Multi-stakeholder platforms are proposed as a mechanism to support and encourage partnerships, and to provide leadership on successful partnerships for achieving the SDGs. Any partnership established needs to be accountable, as well as people- and planet-centred.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 555-569
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1461611
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:555-569




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph A. Luken
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Luken
Author-Name: Edward Clarence-Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarence-Smith
Author-Name: Lucille Langlois
Author-X-Name-First: Lucille
Author-X-Name-Last: Langlois
Author-Name: Inae Jung
Author-X-Name-First: Inae
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung
Title: Drivers, barriers, and enablers for greening industry in Sub-Saharan African countries
Abstract: 
 A survey was undertaken in 2016 of key informants in seven Sub-Saharan African countries about why there had been limited greening of industry in their countries. The results of this survey, combined with analysis of earlier studies drawn from a focused SSA literature review, find a multitude of relevant factors that act as drivers for, barriers to, and enablers for changing managerial attitudes and strategies on greening. The dominant cluster of drivers involves material costs, both the high costs of inputs and the related need for cost savings. The dominant cluster of barriers relates to the lack of information. Enablers, who play an important and essential role in lowering the barriers in firms to greening, figure weakly in the 11 reports considered. This possibly reflects the lack of effective government programmes that are essential for accelerating the greening of industry as called for in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 570-584
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1503944
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1503944
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:570-584




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brian P. Mulenga
Author-X-Name-First: Brian P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulenga
Author-Name: Solomon T. Tembo
Author-X-Name-First: Solomon T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tembo
Author-Name: Robert B. Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Robert B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Electricity access and charcoal consumption among urban households in Zambia
Abstract: 
 This study uses a nationally representative dataset of urban households in Zambia to examine household cooking fuel choice patterns and to quantify the effect of access to electricity on household charcoal consumption. We find charcoal to be the most prevalent cooking fuel, for both households with and without electricity access. Proportionately more charcoal users reside in low income residential areas. Using a two-stage econometric estimation procedure that accounts for endogeneity of access to electricity, we find that on average, households with access to electricity consume 54% less charcoal than their counterparts without access. Further, our results indicate that charcoal consumption tends to increase with income, but this increase attenuates as income increases further. Other socio-demographic variables such as age, education and household size are also important in influencing charcoal consumption. We discuss implications for interventions aimed at promoting cleaner energy sources and efficient charcoal use for cooking among urban residents.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 585-599
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1517036
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1517036
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:585-599




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wytske O Chamberlain
Author-X-Name-First: Wytske O
Author-X-Name-Last: Chamberlain
Author-Name: Ward Anseeuw
Author-X-Name-First: Ward
Author-X-Name-Last: Anseeuw
Title: Inclusiveness revisited: Assessing inclusive businesses in South African agriculture
Abstract: 
 Inclusive businesses are complex partnerships between commercial entities and smallholders/low-income communities, to include the latter in commercial agricultural value chains. IBs offer income opportunities for both partners, but are also regarded as empowering the smallholders/communities. To date, IB inclusiveness has been assessed mainly through basic quantitative measurements. However, these measures neglect the complexities of the overall value creation process, and of the inclusion of the beneficiaries within this process. This paper aims at providing a more holistic methodology by assessing the level of inclusiveness based on four dimensions: ownership, voice, risk and reward. Case studies in South Africa show that inclusion of low-income communities lags behind the intended level. Lack of financial resources and skills, reinforced by power imbalance, result in smallholder ownership being limited to land, the community’s voice being compromised, risk being transferred to the smallholder communities and rewards being disappointing for the beneficiaries.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 600-615
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1518708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1518708
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:600-615




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Laurenz Langer
Author-X-Name-First: Laurenz
Author-X-Name-Last: Langer
Author-Name: Yvonne Erasmus
Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Erasmus
Title: An integrated model for increasing the use of evidence by decision-makers for improved development
Abstract: 
 This article proposes a new model to support the use of evidence by decision-makers. There has been increased emphasis over the last 15 years on the use of evidence to inform decision-making at policy and practice levels but the conceptual thinking has not kept pace with practical developments in the field. We have developed a new demand-side model, with multiple dimensions to conceptualise support for the use of evidence in decision-making. This model emphasises the need for multiple levels of engagement, a combination of interventions, a spectrum of outcomes and a detailed consideration of context.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 616-631
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1543579
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1543579
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:616-631




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carli Bezuidenhout
Author-X-Name-First: Carli
Author-X-Name-Last: Bezuidenhout
Author-Name: Marianne Matthee
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthee
Author-Name: Neil Rankin
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Rankin
Title: Employment and wage premiums in South African manufacturing exporters: Firm-level evidence
Abstract: 
 South Africa is currently suffering from high unemployment. As export activity is generally associated with higher economic growth, productivity, employment levels and wages, this papers investigates if increasing export activity is one of the solutions to the high unemployment levels in South Africa. By using newly made available administrative data on the population of South African firms, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of the wage premium, employment premium and employment growth of exporters relative to non-exporters (as well as within exporters). By following the methodology of Bernard and Jensen, the results show that South African manufacturing exporters do have an employment premium and wage premium. But advocating increased export activity is not enough, as exporting firms are heterogenous. Furthermore, employment growth of exporters (measured by estimating first-difference regressions) is faster than non-exporters, but growth in jobs is skewed towards higher skilled, more experience workers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 632-650
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1544483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1544483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:632-650




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ismail Kintu
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail
Author-X-Name-Last: Kintu
Author-Name: Robert Venter
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Venter
Title: Core values as drivers of entrepreneurial performance: A study of SMEs in Uganda’s central region
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study was to establish whether the relationship between core values and entrepreneurial performance in Uganda’s informal economy exists and whether motivation mediates the relationship. The survey was conducted in the informal economy of Uganda’s central region using a structured questionnaire. The sample included three hundred eighty-six employees of Small and Medium Enterprises. Hypotheses and mediation tests were carried out by way of structural equation modeling, using Analysis of Moment Structures and Sobel’s test respectively. Results from hypotheses’ tests indicate significant positive relationships between core values and entrepreneurial performance. Furthermore, it was established that motivation significantly mediates the relationship between core values and entrepreneurial performance (except trust). Based on the study’s results, it is recommended that Small and Medium Enterprises should seek to acquire skills on how to fully turn motivation into business advantage and how to use core values as tools for marketing the business.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 651-665
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1559041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1559041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:651-665




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecile Nieuwenhuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Cecile
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwenhuizen
Title: The effect of regulations and legislation on small, micro and medium enterprises in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The rates of entrepreneurship and new venture creation are of concern in the South African economy. This phenomenon is reflected in the low rates of businesses operating as small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs). Due to the importance of SMMEs in the economy, this study identified and investigated employment and wealth creation factors inhibiting the establishment and growth of SMMEs. The regulatory environment and related legislation and compliance were identified as primary inhibitors of business start-up and growth. Excessive red tape with regards to compliance with labour laws, human and industrial relations, tax and tax-related issues, legal requirements, municipal regulations and support for business start-ups are key obstacles experienced by SMMEs. To improve rates of SMME establishment and performance, the government is urged to review its restrictive regulations and implement initiatives to promote a more supportive environment for business. Such changes would contribute to economic growth and improved government performance.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 666-677
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1581053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1581053
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:666-677




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claire Vermaak
Author-X-Name-First: Claire
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermaak
Author-Name: Colette Muller
Author-X-Name-First: Colette
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller
Title: Do immigrants have better labour market outcomes than South Africans?
Abstract: 
 We use data from the ten percent sample of the 2011 Census to explore labour market outcomes among immigrants and locals in South Africa. We show that naturalised immigrants and foreigners engage more successfully with the labour market than locals on average. The ability to access social networks improves labour market access for immigrants, but sequentially controlling for observable characteristics, including networks and location, decreases immigrants’ participation and employment advantage over locals. The conditional immigrant earnings gap is negative, but because immigrants typically work in low quality jobs, their relative earnings disadvantage is entirely explained by differences in workers’ occupations and industries. Our attempts to control for the possible endogeneity of immigrant status suggest that the direction of selection bias may be different for naturalised and foreign immigrants in South Africa, reinforcing the importance of distinguishing between different immigrant groups in research of this nature.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 678-698
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1584549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1584549
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:678-698




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Author-Name: John Reynolds
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Reynolds
Title: Trends in the working poverty rate (WPR) in post-apartheid South Africa, 1997–2012
Abstract: 
 As South Africa prepares to implement a national minimum wage for the first time, a number of questions about the potential benefits of a minimum wage have emerged. However, most of the South African literature, to date, has been concerned with the country's high unemployment rate and not on the quality of employment. In particular, there has been very little attention given to one widely used indicator of decent work, the working poverty rate (WPR). Using the October and General Household Surveys, we present an analysis of trends in working poverty over most of the post-apartheid period (from 1997 to 2012). The findings reveal that, while income poverty has decreased, poverty among the employed is a persistent feature of the post-apartheid period and that the contributions of earnings from employment to overall poverty reduction have been disappointing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 699-715
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1590181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1590181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:699-715




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph Boniface Ajefu
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Boniface
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajefu
Title: Measuring the causal effect of women’s schooling on contraceptive use in Nigeria
Abstract: 
 This paper uses the 2008 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey to investigate the effect of women’s schooling on contraceptive use. In order to control for endogeneity of women’s schooling, this paper uses an instrumental variable approach, with the free primary education programme in Nigeria introduced from 1976 to 1981, as an instrument for women’s schooling. The paper finds that the education of women increases the probability of using contraceptives. Disaggregating the results between traditional and modern contraceptive use, the results show a positive and significant impact of women’s education on both modern and traditional contraceptive use. The findings of the study lend credence to the evidence that birth control measures can lead to better timing and spacing of births that allow women to significantly expand their economic opportunities and life prospects. These have implications for women’s economic empowerment and gender equality, which are vital for any sustainable development policy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 716-729
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1593109
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1593109
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:716-729




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Rogerson
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson
Title: The South African informal sector: creating jobs, reducing poverty
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 730-731
Issue: 5
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1653754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1653754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:730-731




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chijioke O. Nwosu
Author-X-Name-First: Chijioke O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nwosu
Title: The relationship between employment and mental and physical health in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper estimated the relationship between employment and depression, hypertension, diabetes and tuberculosis in South Africa between 2008 and 2014. South Africa has high levels of economic inactivity and unemployment as well as a high disease burden occasioned by depression, other non-communicable diseases and tuberculosis. Data came from the National Income Dynamics Study panel dataset. Using fixed effects, random effects and pooled ordinary least squares regressions, depression and diabetes were associated with a 4–6 percentage point decline in employment probability, while tuberculosis was associated with a 12–13 percentage point employment decline. The results suggested that the employment-health relationship possibly operated through illness being associated with increased economic inactivity, rather than through making the search efforts of the unemployed unsuccessful. Moreover, the employment-health relationship not only existed contemporaneously, but extended into the future (especially for the physical health indicators).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 145-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1392847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1392847
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:145-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Precious Tirivanhu
Author-X-Name-First: Precious
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu
Author-Name: Madri Jansen van Rensburg
Author-X-Name-First: Madri
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen van Rensburg
Title: Assessing gender responsiveness of the Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation System in South Africa
Abstract: 
 There is growing recognition of the critical role that National Monitoring and Evaluation Systems can play in achieving sustainable development through enhancing effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of policies and programmes. The South African government legislated the Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation System (GWMES) in 2009. The extent of gender responsiveness of the system has not been assessed yet gender mainstreaming ensures that gender needs, realities and issues are consistently and specifically considered in policies, programmes and projects. The study utilises data from document reviews and key informant interviews to assess gender mainstreaming in the National Evaluation Policy (NEP) and the GWMES using a gender diagnostic matrix. Results indicate that the GWMES and NEP rank low in most gender-mainstreaming dimensions. However, the study concludes that existing policies and institutional frameworks if well supported by multiple stakeholders are conducive for effective gender mainstreaming within the GWMES in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 163-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1396443
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1396443
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:163-178




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela Mathee
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathee
Author-Name: Brendon Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Brendon
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: Shan Naidoo
Author-X-Name-First: Shan
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo
Author-Name: Andre Swart
Author-X-Name-First: Andre
Author-X-Name-Last: Swart
Author-Name: Hanna-Andrea Rother
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna-Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Rother
Title: Development for children's environmental health in South Africa: Past gains and future opportunities
Abstract: 
 In poorly resourced countries children may face multiple health risks associated with environmental hazards and under-development. It is estimated that exposure to harmful environmental factors (e.g. air pollution, poor water quality and harmful chemicals) accounts for 33% of the global burden of disease, with the highest burden being borne by children. While accelerated housing and settlement development over the past two decades has benefitted hundreds of thousands of young children in South Africa, large numbers continue to face major environmental threats to their health, some of which have hitherto been neglected. Such children are likely to be particularly vulnerable to the unfolding ramifications of climate change. In this light greater urgency and momentum is needed to improve living conditions and other socio-environmental determinants of children's health in South Africa and other under-resourced countries. Children should be a central focus for policy and development as our global society strives to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 283-293
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419857
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:283-293




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philipp Öhlmann
Author-X-Name-First: Philipp
Author-X-Name-Last: Öhlmann
Author-Name: Silke Hüttel
Author-X-Name-First: Silke
Author-X-Name-Last: Hüttel
Title: Religiosity and household income in Sekhukhune
Abstract: 
 Literature analysing the interrelation of religion and economic performance suggests religion to explain differences in household income. Religious communities foster economically conducive attitudes and are important sources of social capital, particularly under weak economic structures. This paper targets at investigating effects of religiosity on rural household income using survey data from Greater Sekhukhune in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Using insights from religious studies within a conceptual framework of rural household decision-making, the authors estimate an income equation that includes measures for religious affiliation. While church membership per se does not reveal a significant effect on household income, the results show a positive and robust relationship for membership in the Zion Christian Church and the practice of African traditional religion.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 179-193
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426444
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:179-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olusola Oluwayemisi Ololade
Author-X-Name-First: Olusola Oluwayemisi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ololade
Title: Understanding the nexus between energy and water: A basis for human survival in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Despite the fact that the South African economy is highly diversified, the sustainability of its economic growth depends on the availability of two critical resources: water and energy. The national energy grid is mostly based on coal combustion, with very few viable alternative resources. Large amounts of water are needed to produce energy from coal and, in most places where coal reserves are located, there is evidence of water scarcity. The sustainable management of both sectors is essential, since research has shown that access to potable water and energy will lead to a better quality of life for people and help alleviate poverty. This paper will focus on the interlinkages and understanding of the trade-offs between water and energy and its implications for sustainable development in South Africa. The simultaneous implementation of selected Sustainable Development Goals targets could help reduce the trade-off between the two sectors.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 194-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426445
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1426445
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:194-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bright Adiyia
Author-X-Name-First: Bright
Author-X-Name-Last: Adiyia
Author-Name: Dominique Vanneste
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanneste
Title: Local tourism value chain linkages as pro-poor tools for regional development in western Uganda
Abstract: 
 Building on the model of Meyer [(2007). Pro-Poor tourism: from leakages to linkages. A conceptual framework for creating linkages between the accommodation sector and ‘poor’ neighbouring communities. Current Issues in Tourism 10(6), 558–83], this paper focuses on the regional development potential of local linkages with the supply chain and community partnerships of established tourism businesses in western Uganda. Results show that supply-related inconsistencies of local produce undermine the existence of supply chain linkages with local farmers, and favour business linkages with local intermediary suppliers, dominantly shaping the regional development potential of supply chain linkages in western Uganda. Yet, this research found several ‘windows of opportunity’ for local suppliers to connect to the tourism value chain. Results on community partnerships suggest that most businesses do not move beyond the absolute minimum partnership intensity that is required to be able to strategically use for marketing purposes and obtain a unique selling proposition. Finally, our research exposes the complexity of locating responsibility among different stakeholders of the value chain in suggested paths for (regional) development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 210-224
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1428529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1428529
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel Hinaunye Eita
Author-X-Name-First: Joel Hinaunye
Author-X-Name-Last: Eita
Title: Supply and demand macro-econometric model of a small economy: evidence from Namibia
Abstract: 
 This study develops a macro-econometric model for the Namibian economy. This macro-econometric model estimates both the demand and supply sides of the Namibian economy. This model incorporates the price sector, in order to serve as a link between the supply and demand sides of the economy. The model consists of behavioural equations, linked by identities and definitions. These behavioural equations were estimated and simulated individually. They were then combined together to form a full macro-econometric model of the Namibian economy. The full macro-econometric model was closed using two models. The first model activates the supply side and marginalises the demand side. The second model is demand side orientated, which activates the demand side and marginalises the supply side. The results indicate that the estimated values closely approximate the actual values. This macro-econometric model can be used to apply policy simulations, in order to determine appropriate economic policies for Namibia.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 225-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1435262
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1435262
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:225-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli
Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass
Title: Pro-poor birth coverage and child health in Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper explores which African countries had relatively low rates of underweight children and relatively high birth coverage (percentage of births with a skilled attendant) in the poorest quintile. Swaziland and Rwanda emerged as relatively ‘pro-poor’ in that both measures were more than one standard deviation better than predicted by GDP per capita. Unlike Swaziland, Rwanda’s status as an outlier was eliminated in regressions controlling also for urbanisation, medical professionals per 1000 people and health spending, suggesting that its pro-poor outcomes were related to these factors. AIDS funding may have helped Swaziland provide primary health care to the poor, but its high birth coverage preceded the HIV epidemic. Although relatively pro-poor in international terms, Swaziland and Rwanda emerged as relatively unequal by the CIX measure of health inequality with regard to percentage of underweight children across quintiles. It is important not to conflate relatively equal with relatively pro-poor health outcomes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 255-266
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1450729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1450729
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:255-266




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michelle Hatch
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Hatch
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Title: Who cares for children? A quantitative study of childcare in South Africa
Abstract: 
 In this study we investigate the gender division of labour in the physical and financial care of children in South Africa, in the context of large race differences in rates of union formation and parent–child co-residence. Using national micro-data, we show that across a variety of household forms, women are the primary caregivers of children even when they are not a child’s biological mother. Women are also more likely to provide physical care than men are to provide financial support for children’s schooling. However, this gender imbalance is far larger in the case of African children, the majority of whom do not live with their father. For most African children, both their physical and financial care is provided by women who are typically the child’s biological mother, but also the child’s grandmother or another female relative.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 267-282
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452716
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1452716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:267-282




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dieter von Fintel
Author-X-Name-First: Dieter
Author-X-Name-Last: von Fintel
Title: Institutional wage-setting, labour demand and labour supply: Causal estimates from a South African pseudo-panel
Abstract: 
 Unemployment in South Africa has multiple causes. This article uses a district pseudo-panel to estimate the elasticity of labour demand, labour supply and unemployment with respect to wages. We assess whether hiring decisions are more sensitive to increases in wages of low-paid workers than high-paid workers, and whether wage growth prompts entry into the labour market. These channels combine to result in the positive causal effect of wage growth on unemployment. The research investigates whether these effects are dominated by districts in which unionisation rates are high and employment is concentrated in large firms. Wage growth of middle-paid to highly paid workers – as opposed to low-paid workers – reduces local labour demand and raises local unemployment. Bargaining arrangements correspond closely to the spatial wage distribution; in turn, a large part of the impact that wage growth has on labour market outcomes is determined by these wage-setting institutions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269637
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269637
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andra Wilkinson
Author-X-Name-First: Andra
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkinson
Author-Name: Audrey Pettifor
Author-X-Name-First: Audrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Pettifor
Author-Name: Molly Rosenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Molly
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosenberg
Author-Name: Carolyn T Halpern
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn T
Author-X-Name-Last: Halpern
Author-Name: Harsha Thirumurthy
Author-X-Name-First: Harsha
Author-X-Name-Last: Thirumurthy
Author-Name: Mark A Collinson
Author-X-Name-First: Mark A
Author-X-Name-Last: Collinson
Author-Name: Kathleen Kahn
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen
Author-X-Name-Last: Kahn
Title: The employment environment for youth in rural South Africa: A mixed-methods study
Abstract: 
 South Africa has high youth unemployment. This article examines the predictors of youth employment in rural Agincourt, Mpumalanga Province. A survey of 187 out-of-school 18 to 24 year olds found that only 12% of women and 38% of men were currently employed. Men with skills/training were significantly more likely to report employment, mostly physical labour (adjusted odds ratio: 4.5; confidence interval: 1.3, 15.3). In-depth interviews with 14 of the youth revealed that women are perceived more suitable for formal employment, which is scarce, informing why women were more likely to pursue further education and yet less likely to be employed. Ten key informants from local organisations highlighted numerous local youth employment resources while, in contrast, all youth in the sample said no resources were available, highlighting a need for the organisations to extend their services into rural areas. Because these services are focused on entrepreneurship, programmes to increase financial literacy and formal employment opportunities are also needed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 17-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259986
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rochelle Beukes
Author-X-Name-First: Rochelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Beukes
Author-Name: Tina Fransman
Author-X-Name-First: Tina
Author-X-Name-Last: Fransman
Author-Name: Simba Murozvi
Author-X-Name-First: Simba
Author-X-Name-Last: Murozvi
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Underemployment in South Africa
Abstract: 
 With the introduction of the Quarterly Labour Force Survey since 2008, a newly derived variable, namely underemployed, has become available. It is derived according to the ‘time-related’ approach (i.e. those who are employed, but would like to work longer hours and are available to work longer hours in the near future). However, underemployment could also be derived according to the ‘inadequate employment situations’ approach (e.g. under-utilisation of skills, over-qualification). Because underemployment is a seriously under-researched topic in South Africa, this article investigates the extent of underemployment according to these two definitions, before examining whether the characteristics of the two groups of underemployed are significantly different.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 33-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269634
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269634
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:33-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ada Jansen
Author-X-Name-First: Ada
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansen
Author-Name: Estian Calitz
Author-X-Name-First: Estian
Author-X-Name-Last: Calitz
Title: Considering the efficacy of value-added tax zero-rating as pro-poor policy: The case of South Africa
Abstract: 
 The use of value-added tax (VAT) zero-rating has become widely accepted internationally to mitigate the regressivity of the tax. From an economic perspective, it remains contestable whether VAT zero-rating is the most cost-effective way of targeting the poor. This article addresses some topical issues on VAT zero-rating in South Africa. We first ask whether (conceptually) zero-rating should be a consideration within the context of tax theory literature, and then quantify the impact on the poor if zero-rating was to be removed, as well as the tax revenue implications thereof. We compare the cost of VAT zero-rating with the benefit, using data sourced from the Income and Expenditure Survey 2010/11 and the Estimates of National Expenditure. Our findings show that VAT zero-rating (compared with existing social transfer programmes) is not cost-effective when targeting the poor.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 56-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269635
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:56-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mmakgabo Justice Malebana
Author-X-Name-First: Mmakgabo Justice
Author-X-Name-Last: Malebana
Title: Knowledge of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial intention in the rural provinces of South Africa
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether knowledge about government entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial support institutions and their services have an influence on entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. The study was carried out by means of a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 355 final-year commerce students from two universities located in two of South Africa’s most rural provinces, namely the Eastern Cape and Limpopo. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyse the data. The results indicate that the respondents could hardly access information about entrepreneurial support offered by the government and support services available, and had a very low level of knowledge about these support services. The findings revealed some significant relationships between the knowledge of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial intention, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 74-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259990
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:74-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Botlhale
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Botlhale
Title: Sustaining the developmental state and moving towards a developed state in Botswana
Abstract: 
 African countries that emerged from colonialism as poor then adopted developmental states to direct their economic development. Using an interpretivist research philosophy, a survey research strategy and document analysis, this descripto-explanatory article asks two research questions: how did the developmental state emerge in Botswana; and how can Botswana sustain the developmental state and, subsequently, move beyond it and graduate into the ranks of high-income developed states? The article finds that the poor state of underdevelopment at independence in September 1966 forced the choice of a developmental state into the hands of Botswana. Furthermore, the discovery of high-value minerals, particularly diamonds, coupled with a prudent mineral management policy, helped Botswana to finance a development state. The article further argues that for Botswana to move beyond the development state, there is a need to adopt initiatives such as mainstreaming the developed state ideal into Vision 2036 and National Development Plan 11.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 90-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259994
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:90-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bright Adiyia
Author-X-Name-First: Bright
Author-X-Name-Last: Adiyia
Author-Name: Sarah De Rademaeker
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: De Rademaeker
Author-Name: Dominique Vanneste
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanneste
Author-Name: Wilber Manyisa Ahebwa
Author-X-Name-First: Wilber Manyisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahebwa
Title: Understanding local entrepreneurship and small enterprises in the tourism–development nexus: The case of western Uganda
Abstract: 
 Most studies of the tourism–development nexus in developing countries tend to focus on short-term and monetary tourism effects, while understating non-monetary and longer-term effects of tourism on local and regional development. Although less tangible and weakly understood, non-monetary and/or long-term tourism effects can both reinforce and undermine short-term and monetary tourism effects. This article analyses how tourism stimulates local entrepreneurship and small enterprise development, and to what extent these small enterprises fuel non-monetary aspects of regional development. Evidence from career pathways of different types of local entrepreneurs in western Uganda suggests that tourism can enlarge peoples’ capabilities, awareness and assets to control their own well-being. This study indicates that tourism can act as a catalyst for small enterprise development in the local economy without inducing major skills’ leakages.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 105-120
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259991
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:105-120




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Mitchell
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell
Author-Name: Xavier Font
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier
Author-X-Name-Last: Font
Title: Evidence-based policy in Ethiopia: A diagnosis of failure
Abstract: 
 The need for sound, progressive policy is important, but the robust evidence upon which to base realistic policy, and the institutional capacity and political appetite to deliver it, are often lacking. This article reviews the link between evidence and policy, and highlights recent methodological advances in value chain analysis which allow researchers to efficiently collect relatively robust policy-relevant evidence in data-poor contexts. The article summarises the evidence generated from a World Bank study of tourism in Ethiopia that questioned important tenets of tourism policy and strategy, to assess the extent to which this evidence has been taken up into policy and to account for the apparent failure of evidence up-take. We conclude that the failure of evidence-based policy may have had as much to do with weaknesses in the research process as with the indigenous policy-making process.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 121-136
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231056
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Author-Name: Daniela Casale
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale
Author-Name: Erofili Grapsa
Author-X-Name-First: Erofili
Author-X-Name-Last: Grapsa
Title: Re-estimating gender differences in income in South Africa: The implications of equivalence scales
Abstract: 
 Most studies of poverty and inequality in South Africa measure individual welfare by deflating total household resources, such as income, by household size. This per-capita method makes no adjustments for the different consumption needs of children or for household economies of scale. However, in addition to being more likely to live in households where average per-capita household income is lower compared with men, we show that women in South Africa also live in significantly larger households which include more children. These gendered differences in household composition are driven to a large degree by low rates of co-residency between men and women. We therefore investigate how adjusting household resources for the presence of children and economies of scale affects measures of the gender gap in income.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 425-441
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179105
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:425-441




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann Kirsten
Author-X-Name-First: Johann
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten
Author-Name: Charles Machethe
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe
Author-Name: Talent Ndlovu
Author-X-Name-First: Talent
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu
Author-Name: Pascalina Lubambo
Author-X-Name-First: Pascalina
Author-X-Name-Last: Lubambo
Title: Performance of land reform projects in the North West province of South Africa: Changes over time and possible causes
Abstract: 
 Anecdotal evidence as well as selected studies on the performance and progress of South Africa’s land reform programme generally present mixed to rather negative results. Few longitudinal studies exist on the progress of redistributed farms, resulting in an incomplete picture of the performance and progress of land reform projects. In this article, we report on the progress and performance of a group of land reform projects in the North West province of South Africa over five years. As part of a comprehensive audit of land reform projects in the North West province, 43 farms were studied in 2005 to assess their performance, based on their production status. Five years later, in 2010, 37 of these farms were visited again to review their progress. The results indicate that the production status (and thus performance) of land reform projects is not static. Although some projects either improved or maintained their initial production status, the overall trend shows deterioration in performance. Numerous factors are responsible for the decline, including group characteristics where farms are owned by groups of beneficiaries. This article is thus the first to use two surveys of a group of land reform projects to show the true status of farms in their post-transfer phase in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 442-458
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179104
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179104
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:442-458




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas J. Crookes
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Crookes
Author-Name: James N. Blignaut
Author-X-Name-First: James N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blignaut
Title: A categorisation and evaluation of rhino management policies
Abstract: 
 Rhino populations are at a critical level and new approaches are needed to ensure their survival. This study conducts a review and categorisation of policies for the management of rhinos. Twenty-seven policies are identified and classified into in-situ (reserve-based) and ex-situ (market-based) policies. The policies are then evaluated based on four target areas: poachers/hunters, consumers, intermediaries and the game reserves themselves. The study finds that protected area management policies seem most beneficial in the short run, in particular the enforcement of private property rights over resource utilisation, as well as the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries that act as sustainable breeding grounds for rhino populations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 459-469
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179100
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179100
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:459-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bojan Krstic
Author-X-Name-First: Bojan
Author-X-Name-Last: Krstic
Author-Name: Sonja Jovanovic
Author-X-Name-First: Sonja
Author-X-Name-Last: Jovanovic
Author-Name: Vesna Jankovic-Milic
Author-X-Name-First: Vesna
Author-X-Name-Last: Jankovic-Milic
Author-Name: Tanja Stanisic
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanisic
Title: Examination of travel and tourism competitiveness contribution to national economy competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa countries
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of travel and tourism competitiveness (measured by the Travel &amp; Tourism Competitiveness Index [TTCI]) on the national economic competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries (measured by the Global Competitiveness Index [GCI]). The aim is to identify critical factors for improving competitiveness of SAA countries from the area of tourism competitiveness. The study was conducted using the following methods: regression, cluster and grey relational analysis (GRA). Results reveal that travel and tourism competitiveness has a high impact on national competitiveness in the analysed group of countries. The study identified three homogeneous groups within SSA countries according to the TTCI pillars. The different impact of the TTCI on the GCI is determined in each of these three homogeneous groups of countries. The outcomes of this study could provide recommendations for tourism development policy-makers in SSA countries based on the results of GRA.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 470-485
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179103
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179103
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:470-485




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Fransen
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Fransen
Author-Name: Bert (AHJ) Helmsing
Author-X-Name-First: Bert (AHJ)
Author-X-Name-Last: Helmsing
Title: Breaching the barriers: The segmented business and innovation system of handicraft exports in Cape Town
Abstract: 
 Twenty years after apartheid was formally abolished, black handicraft exporters in Cape Town still innovate significantly less than their white counterparts. This study explains these differences based on the segmentation of business and innovation systems, a novel approach that aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of path dependency in South Africa. The study concludes that the business system is segmented between formal and informal firms and that such segmentation is correlated with race. Despite path dependency, a group of black entrepreneurs has managed to breach the barriers, owing to the ongoing support of an intermediate organisation, intense networking and risk-taking.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 486-501
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:486-501




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Conner Brannen
Author-X-Name-First: Conner
Author-X-Name-Last: Brannen
Author-Name: Damien Sheehan-Connor
Author-X-Name-First: Damien
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheehan-Connor
Title: Evaluation of the impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations using a novel survey instrument
Abstract: 
 Formal microfinance institutions have been an important tool in the fight against poverty in developing countries, but their reach is necessarily limited. Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) are an alternative, informal mechanism for saving and borrowing that do not require external capital or ongoing financial or administrative support from a founding organisation. This article evaluates the impact of VSLAs on their members and finds that long-term members fare better along multiple economic, nutritional, and health dimensions compared with a control group of recent joiners.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 502-517
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179097
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179097
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:502-517




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mwazvita TB Sachikonye
Author-X-Name-First: Mwazvita TB
Author-X-Name-Last: Sachikonye
Author-Name: Tatenda Dalu
Author-X-Name-First: Tatenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalu
Author-Name: Ashley Gunter
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: Gunter
Title: Sustainable livelihood principles and urban greening in informal settlements in practice: A case of Zandspruit informal settlement, South Africa
Abstract: 
 This article looks to investigate the practice of using the ‘sustainable livelihood approach’ in a multifaceted urban greening project, Trees for Homes. The urban greening project was implemented to improve the quality of life and help marginalised citizens of an informal settlement in South Africa to adapt to climate variability through tree planting. We explored the actual execution of the independent techniques being utilised in the implementation of the Trees for Homes project and how it can promote sustainable livelihood objectives in the Zandspruit informal settlement in South Africa. Using a qualitative approach, the study was able to effectively apply sustainable livelihood principles. It was also found, however, that the multi-level principle was limited by the lack of political muscle which is endemic to many disempowered poor citizens of developing economies. Although the project was successful in many ways, political vulnerability within the development cycle threatens the longer term sustainability of the project outcomes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 518-531
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179101
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179101
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:518-531




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherina J. Schenck
Author-X-Name-First: Catherina J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schenck
Author-Name: Phillip F. Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Jacoba M.M. Viljoen
Author-X-Name-First: Jacoba M.M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Viljoen
Title: The socio-economic differences between landfill and street waste pickers in the Free State province of South Africa
Abstract: 
 Waste picking is an important survival strategy of many people throughout the developing world. South Africa has a sizeable waste picker population who ply their trade on municipal landfill sites as well as on the streets of cities and towns. This study lifts the lid on this neglected area of research by analysing and comparing landfill and street waste pickers side by side in a socio-economic context. Samples of waste pickers were drawn from the three main municipalities of Mangaung, Matjhabeng and Metsimaholo in the Free State province of South Africa and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Among the findings was that waste picking offers a financial lifeline when, due to inadequate schooling and grinding poverty, individuals would be hard pressed to find employment in the formal economy. The study lays an important foundation for further comparative and qualitative research into this important segment of South Africa’s informal economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 532-547
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:4:p:532-547




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Giampiccoli
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Giampiccoli
Author-Name: Melville Saayman
Author-X-Name-First: Melville
Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman
Author-Name: Sean Jugmohan
Author-X-Name-First: Sean
Author-X-Name-Last: Jugmohan
Title: Are ‘Albergo Diffuso’ and community-based tourism the answers to community development in South Africa?
Abstract: 
 Conventional mass tourism shortcomings have facilitated the origin of alternative forms of tourism such as community-based tourism (CBT). Lately, another form of tourism known as ‘Albergo Diffuso’ (AD) has also been mentioned as a possible strategy to revive depressed specific local contexts, such as townships, villages and small towns. This article’s aim is twofold: first to contextualise the concept of AD in the South African milieu and secondly to investigate the possible relationship and role that CBT and AD could have. In this context, specific characteristics and similarities between CBT and AD are explored. The article’s main contribution concerns the exploration of the AD concept as an alternative form of tourism related to local community development. This is the first time that this concept has been presented in a South African context.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 548-561
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1180968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1180968
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thierry Giordano
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry
Author-X-Name-Last: Giordano
Author-Name: Michele Ruiters
Author-X-Name-First: Michele
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiters
Title: Closing the development finance gap in post-conflict and fragile situations: What role for development finance institutions?
Abstract: 
 For many years, the main focus of international institutions and bilateral aid agencies has been on state building as the main action to support countries' recovery from conflicts or other fragile situations. The role of the private sector has been widely overlooked, despite being crucial in supporting economic growth and job creation. We argue that development finance institutions have a dedicated role to play in closing financial gaps, which are widening as fragility increases. They have the comparative advantages needed to make projects happen by supporting the private sector, hence significantly contributing to the recovery process.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 562-578
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179102
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179102
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexis Habiyaremye
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis
Author-X-Name-Last: Habiyaremye
Title: Enhancing productive capabilities through intra-regional trade and cross-border investments in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Regional integration is an important factor for enabling knowledge flows between economies and enhancing the capacity of firms within the integrated block to benefit from local knowledge spillovers. This study analyses data on economic interactions between Botswana and its technologically more advanced southern neighbour, South Africa, to examine the extent to which knowledge flows facilitated by geographical proximity translate into fostering technological learning and productivity of manufacturing firms. Industry- and firm-level data on bilateral capital goods trade and investments over the period 1991–2013 are used to assess the technological learning of the manufacturing sector in Botswana. This study also applies the Hunt, J, & Tybout, J (1999. Does Promoting High-Tech Products Spur Development? FEEM Working Paper REG 42. Milan: Fondazione Eni EnricoMattei) technological sophistication framework to analyse the role played by regional trade and investment flows between the economies of South Africa and Botswana in the skills intensification of manufacturing firms. Skills intensity decomposition reveals that Botswana’s manufacturing technical intensity has been positively influenced by the extent of capital goods trade and investment linkages with South African economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 409-425
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1504673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1504673
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:409-425




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kosmas Njanike
Author-X-Name-First: Kosmas
Author-X-Name-Last: Njanike
Title: An investigation on the determinants of opening a bank account in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 The promotion of an inclusive financial system has become important to many countries in policy crafting. The study seeks to explore the determinants of opening an account with a bank in Zimbabwe. Data from Finscope Survey 2014 was used to estimate probit models and for robustness check Linear Probability Models. Using these data, the socioeconomic factors influencing individuals in deciding whether or not to open an account with a bank in Zimbabwe is analysed. According to our analysis, the decision to open a bank account by individuals is influenced by Location, Age, Gender, Marital status, Proof of residence, Employment history and Level of Education. There is need to build inclusive financial systems through different policies by governments and central banks. Financial literacy education and financial inclusion campaigns are paramount in improving levels of people opening bank accounts.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 426-442
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1508987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1508987
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:426-442




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arinao Mangoma
Author-X-Name-First: Arinao
Author-X-Name-Last: Mangoma
Author-Name: Anthony Wilson-Prangley
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson-Prangley
Title: Black Tax: Understanding the financial transfers of the emerging black middle class
Abstract: 
 This study examines the ways in which the emerging black middle class make financial transfers to their direct and indirect families. The colloquial term in South Africa for this phenomenon is Black Tax. This study specifically focuses on understanding the lived experience of those making financial transfers. The methodology involved a questionnaire (n = 118) and six interviews. The main findings are that the transfers are substantive and most often spent on general expenditure and education. Transactions are to both urban and rural recipients and generally occur monthly. Those transferring money are dissatisfied with their own savings’ levels. The study demonstrates the applicability of the remittance script framework. Those transferring money blend script elements of obligation, repayment, help, blackmail, pooling and allowances. The study demonstrates the economic, social and personal significance of these transfers. It builds the foundation for further research on the social and economic aspects.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 443-460
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1516545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1516545
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:443-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Visagie
Author-X-Name-First: Justin
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie
Title: Measuring regional labour markets in South Africa: How robust are sub-national estimates from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey?
Abstract: 
 This article explores the limitations of using data from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) to estimate robust sub-national labour market indicators in South Africa. The precision of labour market indices in the QLFS is very sensitive to which geographic scale is examined – national, provincial or metro – and in each instance the size of the population of the province or metro. The results show that errors from sampling at regional and city levels may be prohibitively large although in some instances broad patterns between regions can be identified notwithstanding a fairly blunt instrument. The findings highlight the imperative to be transparent about sampling errors and to foster sensitivity within government, business and the public in general. This exercise is instructive for generating other regional socio-economic indicators that are based upon similar household sample surveys such as the General Household Survey, Living Conditions Survey and Income and Expenditure Survey.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 461-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1521265
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1521265
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:461-475




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nthabiseng Mohlakoana
Author-X-Name-First: Nthabiseng
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohlakoana
Author-Name: Jiska de Groot
Author-X-Name-First: Jiska
Author-X-Name-Last: de Groot
Author-Name: Abigail Knox
Author-X-Name-First: Abigail
Author-X-Name-Last: Knox
Author-Name: Hans Bressers
Author-X-Name-First: Hans
Author-X-Name-Last: Bressers
Title: Determinants of energy use in the informal food sector
Abstract: 
 Although enterprises in the informal food sector require energy to transform, cook and process food, energy-use patterns in this sector are not well understood by policymakers and the local-level authorities who regulate their trading activities. This paper reviews relevant literature and presents empirical data collected in Rwanda, Senegal and South Africa on the use of traditional and modern energy sources by informal food sector operators. Our sample includes male- and female-operated enterprises in the urban centres of three African countries where the informal food sector is important, not only for providing the convenience of affordable and readily prepared meals, but also as a source of income for women and men in developing countries. Multiple fuel-use and energy-stacking strategies are common among informal food enterprises and policy needs to acknowledge this if it is to intervene in ways that will benefit both enterprises and regulators.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 476-490
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1526059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1526059
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:476-490




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kate Rich
Author-X-Name-First: Kate
Author-X-Name-Last: Rich
Author-Name: Chris Desmond
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Desmond
Author-Name: Tawanda Makusha
Author-X-Name-First: Tawanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Makusha
Title: Welfare measures and the composition of the bottom decile: The example of gender and extreme poverty in South Africa
Abstract: 
 We examine the composition of the bottom decile in South Africa using three alternative measures of socio-economic status (SES): an asset index, household income per capita and household expenditure per capita. We show that the gender composition of the bottom decile is sensitive to the measure used. We discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies, highlighting gender differences in asset ownership and location. This has implications for the use of asset indices for identifying the poorest members of society.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 491-503
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1548963
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1548963
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:491-503




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sevias Guvuriro
Author-X-Name-First: Sevias
Author-X-Name-Last: Guvuriro
Author-Name: Frederik Booysen
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen
Title: Economic bargaining power and financial decision-making among married and cohabitant women in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Women’s economic empowerment remains an important global policy issue and their involvement in household decision-making is critical for development. This paper aims to elucidate a key feature of bargaining models of intra-household decision-making, namely the dynamics between women’s economic bargaining power and their financial decision-making power. The paper also documents trends and transitions in financial decision-making. Using balanced panel data from South Africa’s National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), the analysis finds that women who are married or living together remain economically disadvantaged compared to their male counterparts. Although gaining ground in terms of financial decision-making responsibility, women also remain disadvantaged compared to men in terms of financial decision-making power. Yet, employment opportunities significantly enhances women’s role in financial decision-making, thus arguing a case for continued efforts at women’s economic empowerment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 504-518
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1581599
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1581599
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:504-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph A Ssebagala
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph A
Author-X-Name-Last: Ssebagala
Title: Poor health as a precursor to consumer debt distress in South Africa
Abstract: 
 While it is well documented that severe consumer indebtedness can lead to mental and physical health problems including unhealthy coping mechanisms, the pathways from poor health to financial strain is still an understudied area. Using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data, this study examines the relationship between poor health and debt distress while controlling for the possible endogeneity between these two conditions and some health-related variables. The results indicate that poor health significantly increases the probability of financial strain. Insofar as poor health is associated with catastrophic healthcare costs and income deprivation, for instance through inability to work, other factors affecting health such as socioeconomic status and insurance might shape the contours of consumers’ debt performances in the face of health risk. Ultimately, health may be creating a vicious circle in which poor health affects the capacity to earn income and accumulate assets, which limits access to quality healthcare.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 519-536
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1585230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1585230
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:519-536




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryan Brunette
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunette
Author-Name: Jonathan Klaaren
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Klaaren
Author-Name: Patronella Nqaba
Author-X-Name-First: Patronella
Author-X-Name-Last: Nqaba
Title: Reform in the contract state: Embedded directions in public procurement regulation in South Africa
Abstract: 
 As South Africa contemplates another episode of public procurement legal reform, we trace the post-apartheid history of such efforts and consider critical issues moving forward. South Africa has over the last few decades followed the international trend of an expanding ‘contract state’. Public procurement is increasingly important to state operational and allocative concerns. South Africa’s public procurement regime is progressively configured into a centrally steered but decentralised organisational form. Inflected through domestic public procurement politics, however, the development of this organisational form has been truncated, with the establishment of only limited central steering capacity producing a public procurement regulatory regime which is weak, fragmented and incoherent, contributing to problems of state incapacity and corruption. In 2013 South Africa’s Minister of Finance announced a major push to reform South Africa’s contract state. The effort aims to better establish, locate and extend public procurement regulatory authority. It has begun to elaborate a centre-led, strategic and increasingly developmental procurement methodology. It is moving towards more flexibility, effectively an attempt to reduce rigidity in rules while building more robust and distributed disciplinary mechanisms, ones which take account of deficits in regulatory capacity and political will. We consider the potentials and pitfalls of these movements and suggest ways to optimise them.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 537-554
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1599712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1599712
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacqueline Borel-Saladin
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline
Author-X-Name-Last: Borel-Saladin
Title: Where to draw the line: Data problems and other difficulties estimating urbanisation in Africa
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge on the pitfalls around definitions of the urban and the use of census data in estimating and tracking changes in urban populations. Differing criteria for the urban population and changing definitions make comparisons of levels of urbanisation very difficult across countries. Where censuses are held infrequently and administered less rigorously, accurate data on the urban population are a particular problem. This is especially the case in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondary African cities are increasingly important sites of urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is far less knowledge about these smaller cities. This article therefore looks at issues around estimates of populations in sub-Saharan cities and why this is a particular problem in smaller cities. Some of the implications of these problems are discussed, as well as measures to improve our understanding of the urbanisation process in smaller cities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 137-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259992
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:137-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zack Zimbalist
Author-X-Name-First: Zack
Author-X-Name-Last: Zimbalist
Title: Analysing post-apartheid poverty trends by geo-type, 1997–2012: The understated role of urbanisation and social grants
Abstract: 
 This article investigates poverty trends in post-apartheid South Africa with an explicit focus on differences between rural and urban areas. Using nationally representative household survey data from 1997–2012, I first describe changes in population characteristics and household access to different income sources and services, by urban–rural geo-type. Income data are then used to generate poverty statistics, which cast light on divergent trends in rural and urban areas. Next, I employ a poverty decomposition method to further explore some potential reasons why the poverty trends in rural and urban areas have differed. Data from the Afrobarometer are then used to probe how subjective non-monetary welfare has changed over time across geo-types. The evidence from all surveys suggests that the dramatic increase in access to services and social grants in rural areas has played a vital role in poverty reduction.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 151-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259989
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259989
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:151-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David W. Olivier
Author-X-Name-First: David W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier
Author-Name: Lindy Heinecken
Author-X-Name-First: Lindy
Author-X-Name-Last: Heinecken
Title: The personal and social benefits of urban agriculture experienced by cultivators on the Cape Flats
Abstract: 
 Urban agriculture is considered a grassroots solution to food security in Africa. Research consistently supports this belief, and in South Africa urban agriculture is promoted by national and local government. One city supporting urban agriculture is Cape Town, the only South African city with an urban agriculture policy. Although many questions remain regarding the sustainability of non-governmental organisation (NGO)-supported urban agriculture projects in Cape Town and their contribution to food security, this study argues that one must look beyond economics and the physical benefits of urban agriculture to the personal and social benefits. By capturing the lived experiences of cultivators on the Cape Flats in Cape Town, the study shows that urban agriculture not only contributes to food security but builds social capital, which improves livelihood strategies and interpersonal relations. This is especially the case where urban agriculture projects are facilitated by NGOs that fund, train and oversee cultivators in these impoverished communities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 168-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259988
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:168-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais
Author-Name: Jan Cloete
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete
Title: The role of secondary cities in managing urbanisation in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Following on from earlier work dealing with the role of metropolitan municipalities in managing urbanisation, this article assesses the role played by secondary cities in this regard. Although secondary cities have largely provided adequate infrastructure in line with the demands of population growth, three differences between metropolitan municipalities and secondary cities should be noted. First, on most indicators, secondary cities have more outliers than do metropolitan municipalities. Second, household incomes in secondary cities remain lower than those in metropolitan municipalities. Third, the ability of secondary cities to provide basic infrastructure does not differ much from that of metropolitan municipalities. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that, in terms of certain indicators, secondary cities have managed to deliver these faster than their metropolitan counterparts. We argue that the progress made in secondary cities during the period under consideration cannot be separated from the fact that the economic growth in more than 50% of secondary cities has been linked either to mining or to another dominant economic driver.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 182-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259993
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259993
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:182-195




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodreck Mupedziswa
Author-X-Name-First: Rodreck
Author-X-Name-Last: Mupedziswa
Author-Name: Kefentse Princess Kubanga
Author-X-Name-First: Kefentse Princess
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubanga
Title: Climate change, urban settlements and quality of life: The case of the Southern African Development Community region
Abstract: 
 Climate change has become a major national, regional and international problem cutting across developed and developing countries alike. Within the developing world, the effects of climate change have been devastating; this has caused enormous human suffering. The Southern African Development Community (SADC), a regional economic block of 15 countries, has been badly ravaged by the vagaries of climate change. The urban areas in particular appear to have been very badly impacted as flooding, drought, pollution and deforestation have become endemic. The impacts of climate change have triggered human suffering of immense magnitude, especially in areas occupied by the marginalised. This article is based on desk research and, using qualitative analysis, examines the impact of climate change on SADC countries, considers initiatives that the regional block has in place in efforts to mitigate the human suffering experienced as a consequence of the negative impact of climate change and, finally, considers a way forward.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 196-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231057
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231057
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:196-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Sodiq Sanni
Author-X-Name-First: John Sodiq
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni
Title: Heidegger’s ‘potentiality-for-being’: Towards adequate economic development in Nigeria
Abstract: 
 Even though Nigeria no longer remains so, in 2014 the country was declared ‘Africa’s biggest economy’ on the basis of its gross domestic product (GDP). It is a reality that many Nigerians still suffer deprivation and abject poverty. I argue that, as opposed to using GDP as a sole measure, multiple determinants need to be considered in order to convincingly validate the claim that Nigeria is Africa’s biggest economy because it was largely based on measurable economic output rather than the well-being of the populace. Using Martin Heidegger’s philosophy to question the structures in Nigeria which undermine ‘potentiality-for-being’, I show how Heidegger’s philosophy proffers possible solutions on how best to actualise proper potentiality-for-being. I also illustrate how the GDP of Nigeria is largely based on population and not on economic well-being. Lastly, refuting the use of GDP as the only determinant for economic progress, I propose the Heideggerian potentiality-for-being as a complementary determinant.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 210-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:210-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moshe T Masonta
Author-X-Name-First: Moshe T
Author-X-Name-Last: Masonta
Author-Name: Adrian Kliks
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian
Author-X-Name-Last: Kliks
Author-Name: Mjumo Mzyece
Author-X-Name-First: Mjumo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mzyece
Title: Unlocking the potential of unoccupied spectrum in developing countries: Southern African Development Community – case study
Abstract: 
 The lack of adequate telecommunications infrastructure in developing regions makes wireless systems the most feasible solution for providing Internet connectivity. With the global migration of television (TV) systems from analogue to digital, the TV spectrum is expected to be shared between broadcasting and broadband services. However, the absence of suitable regulatory policies for TV band sharing and low average revenue per user experienced by wireless network operators makes it difficult to deploy broadband networks in developing regions, especially in rural areas. This article presents a co-evolution analysis of three key domains of change (policy, technology and business) in providing broadband connectivity focusing on the Southern African Development Community region. Furthermore, the article proposes public–private partnership and public–private–people partnership models for deploying wireless broadband networks in developing regions. This article is useful to various stakeholders, including policy-makers, governments, the wireless communications industry and academia, by addressing the digital divide in developing regions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 224-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259985
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:224-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Title: Food poverty, hunger and household production in rural Eastern Cape households
Abstract: 
 More than two decades since the advent of democracy in South Africa, the place of small-scale agriculture in rural development, poverty alleviation and food security remains ambiguous and highly contested. However, there is now some new evidence that official income poverty estimates in South Africa may be underestimating the contribution of rural, land-based livelihoods when measuring household well-being. This paper aims to explore this possibility further by identifying how household production activities are associated with improved food security among rural Eastern Cape households in the former homelands. The analysis is based on data from Statistics South Africa’s 2008/9 Living Conditions Survey and its annual General Household Surveys. In adopting a food poverty lens, the findings suggest that hunger levels are lower among farming households in the Eastern Cape even though a higher percentage of these households (relative to non-farming households) live below the national food poverty line. The paper concludes by discussing some implications for policy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 90-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1358602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1358602
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:90-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais
Author-Name: John Ntema
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntema
Author-Name: Jan Cloete
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete
Author-Name: Molefi Lenka
Author-X-Name-First: Molefi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenka
Title: Informal settlement upgrading, assets and poverty alleviation: Evidence from longitudinal research in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the relationship between housing as an asset and the accumulation of other assets. Using data from a longitudinal research project stretching over nearly 25 years, we have found that besides actual income, there have also been improvements in self-perceived wealth ranking, asset holding, housing size, infrastructure access and human capital. Not all households have however benefited or been found to be better off. We have found that those households who had settled in Freedom Square after 1994 were indeed better off than the earlier settlers. Asset building is a slow process, one driven by stability (accessing urban land and secure tenure), finding an address, accessing education and finding work or remaining employed (though not necessarily in this particular sequence). Contrary to what the Department of Human Settlements suggests, we have found little evidence that informal settlement dwellers build assets by means of the secondary housing market.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 105-125
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1362331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1362331
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:105-125




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: L. M. Petersen
Author-X-Name-First: L. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen
Author-Name: A. J. E. Charman
Author-X-Name-First: A. J. E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Charman
Title: The scope and scale of the informal food economy of South African urban residential townships: Results of a small-area micro-enterprise census
Abstract: 
 Growing urbanisation in South Africa is reflected in burgeoning Working class and informal township settlements on the fringes of its major towns and cities. Paired with this is an increasing reliance on cash as the primary means of economic transaction, which has in turn stimulated the growth of micro-enterprise business activities within the township context. This article discusses the findings of an eight-township small-area census which occurred between 2010 and 2013 in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Durban townships representing 250  000 residents. The researchers were able to establish the scope and scale of informal food and drink retailing in these localities. Of the 10  049 micro-enterprises located in the study, some 3966 (or 39% of the total) trade in food. These include enterprises in primary production, fresh produce retailing, grocery retailing from house and spaza shops, and informal foodservice enterprises. Food is the basis for much township informal business and plays an important role in making food increasingly affordable and locally accessible, and in creating cash employment. The article builds on the knowledge base of the township informal economy role in bolstering food security needs for the marginalised.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1363643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1363643
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:1-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais
Author-Name: Holle Wlokas
Author-X-Name-First: Holle
Author-X-Name-Last: Wlokas
Author-Name: Jiska de Groot
Author-X-Name-First: Jiska
Author-X-Name-Last: de Groot
Author-Name: Noleen Dube
Author-X-Name-First: Noleen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dube
Author-Name: Andreas Scheba
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheba
Title: Renewable energy and local development: Seven lessons from the mining industry
Abstract: 
 Having long depended on fossil fuels for energy generation, South Africa is now investing in renewable energy. Like its mining operations, its renewable energy plants will have local implications. Renewable energy companies are therefore required by government to engage with communities to contribute to socio-economic development. We present seven lessons we believe the renewable energy sector can learn from the mining industry. We argue that the new industry must: manage social disruption, understand community complexities, create responsive institutions and the capacity to support industry practice, employ trained community practitioners, be clear about the aims of local development, encourage economic diversification in remote areas and, importantly, in view of problems caused by downscaling in the mining industry, plan for the possible closure of projects. Renewable energy projects could then serve and shape local development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 24-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1389260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1389260
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:24-38




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Blick
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Blick
Author-Name: Babatunde O Abidoye
Author-X-Name-First: Babatunde O
Author-X-Name-Last: Abidoye
Author-Name: Johann F Kirsten
Author-X-Name-First: Johann F
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten
Title: An investigation into food-away-from-home consumption in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Food policy that ignores food-away-from-home (FAFH) in a developing country like South Africa will be misleading given changes in demand for food over time. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors that influence the demand for FAFH in South Africa. Using panel data from the Income and Expenditure Survey, this study analyses the effects of income and socio-demographic variables on FAFH expenditure using a double-hurdle model. The results show that small-sized households headed by younger white females/males and living in an urban settlement are most likely to purchase FAFH while male-headed households spend more than female-headed households. Furthermore, income of the household head is an important determinant of household FAFH expenditures. The income elasticity of expenditure on FAFH is inelastic and a normal good. The small size of the participation elasticities means that growth in the FAFH sector will be driven by households with existing expenditure.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 39-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412295
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:39-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Daniël van der Merwe
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Daniël
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe
Author-Name: Philippus C. Cloete
Author-X-Name-First: Philippus C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete
Title: Financial impact of wheat quality standards on South African wheat producers: A dynamic linear programming (DLP) approach
Abstract: 
 The South African wheat industry has been under pressure in recent years from global economic instability and a fast-changing domestic policy environment. This has manifested itself in declining wheat production and profitability at the farm level. Wheat quality plays a key role in wheat buying decisions, with quality improvements correlating negatively with yield and, ultimately, productivity. Yet any new wheat cultivar released for commercial production must still meet the standards of the country’s wheat classification system, which has led to wheat sometimes being imported in the face of a domestic shortfall. This situation has inevitably led to tension within the industry and affected both performance and pricing. Using various data sources and a dynamic linear programming (DLP) approach, this paper takes an in-depth look at the link between wheat quality and yield, with a view to determining the impact of wheat quality standards (ceteris paribus) on the profitability of South African wheat producers. Results indicated that were these classification discrepancies removed, the country-wide effect on net farm income is estimated to range between ZAR606 million and ZAR920 million per annum.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 53-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:53-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leif M Petersen
Author-X-Name-First: Leif M
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen
Author-Name: Andrew JE Charman
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew JE
Author-X-Name-Last: Charman
Author-Name: Florian J Kroll
Author-X-Name-First: Florian J
Author-X-Name-Last: Kroll
Title: Trade dynamics in Cape Town township informal foodservice – a qualitative and supply chain study
Abstract: 
 The township cash economy of fast food, takeaways, and prepared meals is collectively termed ‘informal foodservice’. An analysis of a five-township ∼3800 microenterprise census, and qualitative supply chain investigation of 50 informal foodservice retailers and 75 consumers revealed a well-established although deeply informal trade predominated by women preparing takeaway foods and conducting street braai (BBQ). The business demonstrates high dependence on the immediate place of operations which includes local input suppliers and selling to a narrow pool of trade from immediate (walking scale) neighbourhoods. Supply chains are short, linked to formal agriculture and wholesale sectors. Informal foodservice is heavily utilised by local residents on a regular basis who spend up to R218 per week on products (potentially 30% of income) from these outlets. These enterprises make a substantial contribution towards satisfying local food demand whilst serving an important social protection and neighbourhood relationship function.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 70-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412297
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:70-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bridgit G. Taruvinga
Author-X-Name-First: Bridgit G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga
Author-Name: Manya M. Mooya
Author-X-Name-First: Manya M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mooya
Title: Neo-liberalism in low-income housing policy – problem or panacea?
Abstract: 
 The provision of decent, affordable and well-located housing for low-income communities has been an intractable problem, especially for developing countries. A recurrent issue in the discourse of this problem relates to the appropriate role of the state on one hand and the private sector on the other. The debate has been given renewed urgency in the current context of a growing critique of ‘neoliberalism’. Through rigorous literature review, this paper intends to review the successes and failures of neo-liberalism and explore the intricate linkages between neo-liberal housing policy and low-income housing provision. The raison d’être for the paper is that, despite the growing disenchantment with neo-liberal housing policy, the empirical basis of this criticism has not been established convincingly, and neither have that of potential alternative policies. This paper therefore fills a critical gap in the low-income housing policy literature.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 126-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412298
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1412298
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:126-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Donaldson
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Donaldson
Title: The rise and fall of American growth: The U.S. standard of living since the civil war
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 141-143
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1419859
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:141-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Abbey Ssebagala
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Abbey
Author-X-Name-Last: Ssebagala
Title: What matters more for South African households’ debt repayment difficulties?
Abstract: 
 While the increased access to consumer credit has helped many families improve their welfare, the rising repayment burdens upon a background of chronically low saving rates have generated concerns that South African families are becoming ever more financially fragile and less able to meet their consumer debt repayment obligations. Using data from the Cape Area Panel Study, this article investigates whether consumer debt repayment problems are better explained by excessive spending which leaves households financially overstretched or by negative income shocks. The results indicate that households are significantly more likely to be delinquent on their financial obligations when they suffer negative events beyond their control rather than due to the size of the expenditure burden. This suggests that consumer repayment problems are likely to endure even when consumers borrow within their means. Thus, regulatory efforts to improve mechanisms for debt relief might be more meaningful than restrictions on lending.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 757-773
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231055
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231055
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:757-773




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erin B Godfrey
Author-X-Name-First: Erin B
Author-X-Name-Last: Godfrey
Author-Name: Nia D Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Nia D
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Lucia C Knight
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia C
Author-X-Name-Last: Knight
Author-Name: J Lawrence Aber
Author-X-Name-First: J Lawrence
Author-X-Name-Last: Aber
Author-Name: LaRue Allen
Author-X-Name-First: LaRue
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen
Author-Name: Linda Richter
Author-X-Name-First: Linda
Author-X-Name-Last: Richter
Author-Name:  
Author-X-Name-First: 
Author-X-Name-Last: 
Title: Which eligible households get grants? Demographic correlates of receipt in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Since Apartheid, the South African government transformed and expanded the social grants system to improve the well-being of its vulnerable populations. Despite increased efforts, a sub-section of the grant-eligible population is not reached. Too little is known about the factors that contribute to grant receipt, especially for the household as a whole. This article examines the household and community characteristics associated with grant receipt among poor households in KwaZulu-Natal. We add to previous work by assessing grant receipt at the household level, examining receipt of the two major grants and analysing correlates in a multivariate framework. While associations with grant receipt are complex and varied, we find higher grant receipt (especially the Child Support Grant) among more disadvantaged households. We also find that characteristics across multiple domains are needed to best distinguish household grant receipt. We discuss theoretical implications for models of grant receipt and practical implications for improving grant access.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 774-789
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231059
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:774-789




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Horman Chitonge
Author-X-Name-First: Horman
Author-X-Name-Last: Chitonge
Title: Zambia at 50: The persisting challenges of economic structural transformation
Abstract: 
 This article examines the structural transformation trajectory in Zambia since independence. Drawing from sectoral analysis of the structure of output and the composition of labour over the last five decades, the article illustrates that although there have been shifts in the composition of output and labour in the economy, especially since 2000, these shifts have not contributed to positive structural transformation. Instead the economy has been experiencing widening productivity gaps between sectors, signalling perverse economic structural transformation. Although there have been some slight improvements in the overall productivity since 2000, productivity in the agriculture and informal sectors, where almost 85% of the labour works, has remained stagnantly low. This is compounded by the economy experiencing a net movement of labour from high to low-productivity employment, mainly the informal urban sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 790-805
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231053
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231053
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:790-805




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regis Musavengane
Author-X-Name-First: Regis
Author-X-Name-Last: Musavengane
Author-Name: Danny Mulala Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Danny Mulala
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Title: Community-based natural resource management: The role of social capital in collaborative environmental management of tribal resources in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has become an important tool in promoting environmental and ecological sustainability as well as improving community access to eco-system services. However, CBNRM has been criticised as a programme that is largely driven by initiatives which are exogenous to local communities, promoting the agenda of external actors. In view of this, there is now increased attention given to CBNRM programmes that are co-management driven and which seek the participation of all community stakeholders. Using existing literature and field-based data, this article explores the role of social capital in promoting the management of common pool resources in tribal areas of KwaZulu-Natal. It is argued that social capital can be a vehicle through which the accumulation of different forms of capital can be achieved and contribute to sustainable environmental management.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 806-821
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231054
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231054
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:806-821




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zenzele L. Weda
Author-X-Name-First: Zenzele L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Weda
Author-Name: Rorisang Siziba
Author-X-Name-First: Rorisang
Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba
Title: Factors impacting on the primary school education of emigrants’ children: The case of Gwanda South, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 The factors that impact on the primary school education of children left behind by cross-border circular emigrants in a poor rural community are examined. Data collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions from the emigrants’ children, their teachers, guardians or parents and from community leaders gave insight into these factors. The findings showed that the main factor impacting positively on the education of the emigrants’ children was the ability of the parents to support their children’s education financially. The separation of the emigrants’ children from their parents was a factor that impacted most negatively on their education.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 822-835
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231058
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231058
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:822-835




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial board
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 6
Volume: 33
Year: 2016
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1268451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1268451
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:33:y:2016:i:6:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C. Castiglioni
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Castiglioni
Author-Name: E. Lozza
Author-X-Name-First: E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lozza
Author-Name: C. Libreri
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Libreri
Author-Name: P. Anselmi
Author-X-Name-First: P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anselmi
Title: Increasing employability in the emerging tourism sector in Mozambique: Results of a qualitative study
Abstract: 
 Mozambique’s tourism sector could play a key role in the country’s socio-economic development, especially in the region of Cabo Delgado where the demand for tourist services is expected to increase. Nonetheless, several constraints (e.g. the lack of adequate training) are hindering the capacity of local people to take full advantage of this opportunity. Qualitative research has been performed in order to align vocational training programmes with the needs of the emerging tourism sector. Local and foreign key informants were interviewed in order to gain a better understanding of training needs and to gain insights into developing training programmes that can enhance local people’s employability. The main findings highlight the lack of symbolisation of tourism and its correlates from local communities. Therefore, rather than just delivering technical skills, training programmes should also promote a ‘culture of tourism’ and a more favourable attitude towards ‘working in the tourism sector’.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 245-259
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308856
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:245-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Chiutsi
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Chiutsi
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen
Title: Local participation in transfrontier tourism: Case of Sengwe community in Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Transfrontier cross-border nature conservation has become a fashionable target in many parts of the world, including Southern Africa. Transfrontier conservation initiatives are considered to have great capacity for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development by providing employment and revenue opportunities for poor people and communities. However, many previous studies have indicated that in spite of expectations and rhetoric there is often rather minimal community awareness and participation in conservation management, tourism economy and related opportunities. This study aims to discuss local people’s perceptions of community participation, opportunities and constraints in sustainable transfrontier tourism in south-eastern Lowveld, Zimbabwe. The results based on community interviews show that the people are aware of the potential role of tourism in improving livelihoods. The major challenge, however, is to address how this can be turned into concrete benefits for households and communities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 260-275
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259987
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:260-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Gronau
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Gronau
Author-Name: Etti Winter
Author-X-Name-First: Etti
Author-X-Name-Last: Winter
Author-Name: Ulrike Grote
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike
Author-X-Name-Last: Grote
Title: Modelling nature-based tourism impacts on rural development and conservation in Sikunga Conservancy, Namibia
Abstract: 
 Community-based natural resource management and nature-based tourism often go hand in hand to drive conservation and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the complementarity of the two strategies is controversially discussed in the literature. Built on survey data from 200 households conducted in 2012 we analysed the trade-off between conservation and development objectives by means of a mathematical programming model representing the economy of a rural conservancy in Namibia. We found that in the scenario describing unrestricted resource extraction, local communities mainly benefit from fishing and utilising forest products. In comparison, the scenario representing the social optimum, implying sustainably managed fish stocks and appropriate diets for community inhabitants, shows that community households increase agricultural diversification and shift livelihoods towards tourism employment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 276-294
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269638
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:276-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew Rylance
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Rylance
Author-Name: Anna Spenceley
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Spenceley
Title: Reducing economic leakages from tourism: A value chain assessment of the tourism industry in Kasane, Botswana
Abstract: 
 Retaining revenue generated by tourism within a local economy is an important issue in tourism development, especially in developing countries where tourism is used as a tool for development. This research aims to quantify the value and proportion of tourism expenditure retained in this destination in order to inform national-level decision-making. It applies a value chain analysis (VCA) approach through semi-structured questionnaires with 117 stakeholders in Kasane, Botswana. The VCA demonstrates that the total gross revenue generation of the tourism industry within Kasane was USD 39.5 million in 2014. Excursions and transport generated nearly half of this revenue (USD 19.2 million; 49%), followed by accommodation and food and beverages, at around USD 10 million each (26%). Of the gross revenue accrued, USD 14.5 million (37%) remained in the local economy (defined by the Botswana Tourism Organisation as a 50 km radius surrounding Kasane) in the form of local goods (production) and services (wages). Recommendations for interventions that could enhance the local retention of revenue from tourism in Kasane are presented.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 295-313
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308855
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:295-313




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Falk
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Falk
Author-Name: Michael Kirk
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirk
Author-Name: Dirk Lohmann
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk
Author-X-Name-Last: Lohmann
Author-Name: Bertus Kruger
Author-X-Name-First: Bertus
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruger
Author-Name: Christian Hüttich
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Hüttich
Author-Name: Richard Kamukuenjandje
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamukuenjandje
Title: The profits of excludability and transferability in redistributive land reform in central Namibia
Abstract: 
 Policies which redistribute property rights to land can improve the well-being of rural households and can have overall growth effects. In many cases, however, land reforms are driven mainly by politically justified objectives. Under such circumstances, little emphasis is placed on whether and, if so, how property rights can increase productivity. Following 18 years of land reform implementation in Namibia, we evaluated 65 beneficiaries in Namibia. We assess to which degree land rights affects their farm income. The study focuses on Namibia’s two main commercial land reform instruments, namely the Farm Unit Resettlement Scheme and the Affirmative Action Loan Scheme. We find evidence that the majority of land reform projects are not profitable. Further, our study confirms the importance of the right to restrict land access compared with the right to transfer. The long-term leasehold contract seemingly provides sufficient incentives to make productive use of the land.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 314-329
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269633
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1269633
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:314-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darlington Mushongera
Author-X-Name-First: Darlington
Author-X-Name-Last: Mushongera
Title: Beyond GDP in assessing development in South Africa: The Gauteng City-Region Socio-Economic Barometer
Abstract: 
 Although consensus to move beyond gross domestic product (GDP) for measuring development in Africa exists, efforts to operationalise the idea have been frustrated by institutional barriers and lack of an integrated methodology. This article addresses the methodological problem by introducing an innovative graphic tool – The Gauteng City-Region Socio-Economic Barometer. The tool pulls together a set of 38 indicators across 10 sectors into a single analytical visual. Its efficacy rests in its ability to show each individual indicator, sector, and the overall socio-economy simultaneously. The Barometer not only acts as a tracking and diagnostic tool but as a benchmarking tool as well. Applied to Gauteng province of South Africa, the Barometer shows that high levels of GDP do not necessarily mean good quality of life. Assessment of welfare solely on the basis of GDP can therefore be misleading for government. The Barometer methodology is an invaluable tool for governments committed to evidence-based planning.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 330-346
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308246
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308246
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:330-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henk Gnade
Author-X-Name-First: Henk
Author-X-Name-Last: Gnade
Author-Name: Phillip Frederick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Phillip Frederick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Talita Greyling
Author-X-Name-First: Talita
Author-X-Name-Last: Greyling
Title: The impact of basic and social infrastructure investment on South African economic growth and development
Abstract: 
 Basic and social infrastructure investment can assist in addressing widespread inequality and divided societies by promoting economic growth and social development. The aim of this study is to determine whether basic and social infrastructure investment differently affect economic growth and social development indicators of urban and rural municipalities. We used a balanced panel dataset containing infrastructure, economic, demographic and social indicators for rural and urban municipalities for the period from 1996 to 2012. Principal component analysis was used to construct synthetic indices of basic and social infrastructure. Restricted within least squares dummy variable estimation techniques are used to evaluate the differences between urban and rural municipalities. The elasticities of basic and social infrastructure investment generally are more pronounced for economic growth and social development indicators in rural municipalities. These findings could potentially influence policy decisions in terms of infrastructure investment in favour of rural municipalities to increase economic growth and social development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 347-364
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:347-364




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Sewell
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Sewell
Author-Name: Roger B. Mason
Author-X-Name-First: Roger B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mason
Author-Name: Petrus Venter
Author-X-Name-First: Petrus
Author-X-Name-Last: Venter
Title: Socio-economic developmental strategies as retail performance indicators: A balanced scorecard approach
Abstract: 
 This research analyses the commitment to and use of ‘balanced scorecards’ by retailers in generating sustainable profitability, whilst contributing to socio-economic development in South Africa. An international literature review of scorecard frameworks, plans and reports by major retail companies and semi-structured dialogic interviews with a purposive sample of retail business stakeholders and government officials formed the methodology. By contrasting the literature and empirical insights, a summary of findings was generated, which conclude that most retailer scorecards (formal or informal) seek to balance financial with ‘cause-related marketing’ targets, but implementation differs according to factors such as company size, developmental maturity and managerial competence. Furthermore, collaboration between retailers and state institutions in scorecard management is not a reality, as has been achieved in other industries. It is therefore recommended that a Retail Charter scorecard framework be considered, to promote public/private-sector knowledge-sharing and socio-economic development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 365-382
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2017.1308857
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:365-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Francis
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Francis
Author-Name: Edward Webster
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Webster
Title: Inequality in South Africa
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 733-734
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1699397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1699397
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:733-734




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Desmond
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Desmond
Title: The role of corrosive internalisation and denial of responsibility in stabilising inequality in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper examines how capabilities inequality is stabilised through its consequences on those at both ends of the distribution. It outlines the development of the balance model, which is argued to help highlight these consequences. Specifically, how adverse environments associated with lack of access to resources and poor treatment can lead to internal consequences which further corrode capabilities. At the same time, denial of this corrosion or its importance is critical for those who benefit from the inequality. To avoid moral constraints being triggered it is important, necessary even, for them to see those who suffer as outside of their moral universe, or their suffering to be in no way associated with their advantage. Corrosion and denial work to stabilise the system. For those in the middle of the distribution, they may work to do so in combination. Appreciating these internalised consequences is key to addressing inequality in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 735-750
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674637
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674637
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:735-750




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Albertyn
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Albertyn
Title: (In)equality and the South African Constitution
Abstract: 
 Does the South African Constitution constrain or empower government, courts and citizens in addressing systemic social and economic inequalities? This article argues that the Constitution is explicitly ‘transformative’, but is an enabling document, providing ‘scaffolding’ for political and legal activities. It is government, strong institutions and civil society that are ultimately responsible for securing its equality aspirations. Here the Constitution admits of different understandings of equality and different economic and social policy choices. This article identifies these contested meanings of equality and suggests that a liberal egalitarian/social democratic version is dominant in policy choices and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. It illustrates this with reference to the Court’s jurisprudence on equality, and suggests that more radical and transformative interpretations remain possible. However, it concludes that we cannot escape politics, the need for good policy choices and effective implementation and enforcement.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 751-766
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660860
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660860
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:751-766




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Njabulo Chipangura
Author-X-Name-First: Njabulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chipangura
Author-Name: Patrick Bond
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Bond
Author-Name: Steven Sack
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Sack
Title: Critical representations of Southern African inequality: Transcending outmoded exhibition and museum politics
Abstract: 
 Illustrating inequality to a more general public – beyond those concerned purely with public policy and research – presents various challenges. Museums have often served a function of memorialising both the impressive steps forward and major barriers to social progress, as a form of remembrance and understanding, although the twentieth century format in South Africa was generally embedded within colonial and racist self-glorification. The potential to transcend outmoded exhibition and museum politics with a new approach based on dialogical not didactic presentation, arises with inequality. In this exploration of how such an approach might unfold in the world's most unequal major city (as judged by the Palma Ratio), Johannesburg, the concept of threshold is introduced. Physical and conceptual access through overcoming thresholds is explored through a specific site, the Old Post Office, and through two artifacts that reveal structural power that generates inequality: Durban's sanitation system and Eastern Zimbabwe's diamond fields.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 767-787
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1709046
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1709046
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:767-787




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Francis
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Francis
Author-Name: Edward Webster
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Webster
Title: Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections
Abstract: 
 South Africa is a paradox; on the one hand, it is one of the most unequal countries in the world. Half of all South Africans continue to live in poverty, economic growth has stagnated and inflation remains high, while the unemployment rate continues to climb towards 30%. On the other hand, it has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, with a bill of rights that foregrounds expanded socioeconomic rights. We provide an overview of the latest statistics on poverty and inequality in light of overarching economic policies, and the socioeconomic guarantees of the Constitution. We argue that South Africa’s inability to meaningfully address the high levels of inequality is due to insufficient attention to the way power reproduces inequality. We present a definition of power that includes social and market power, and emphasise the importance of a theory of power in understanding the reproduction of inequality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 788-802
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:788-802




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Bond
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Bond
Author-Name: Christopher Malikane
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Malikane
Title: Inequality caused by macro-economic policies during overaccumulation crisis
Abstract: 
 The tendency of capital to ‘overaccumulate’ has on occasion been severe in post-apartheid South Africa, but has taken different forms. The neoliberal era since the early 1990s has witnessed overaccumulation-crisis displacement in a manner that exacerbates inequality. Such displacement includes financialisation (i.e. higher relative debt and share-portfolio ratios, as well as illicit financial flows), worsening uneven spatial development (within cities and between rural and urban livelihoods), and an amplification of environmentally-damaging extraction systems. Public policy accommodated, accentuated and displaced the crisis, rather than ameliorated, reversed or resolved these symptoms of overaccumulation, to the detriment of the poorest South Africans. Although government has made efforts to address social distress through fiscal policy (e.g. social grants and education), most macro-economic policies – especially in the monetary, financial and international spheres – are amplifiers of inequality. But the most important constraint is a deeper problem than public policy typically admits: capital's tendency to overaccumulation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 803-820
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701416
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701416
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:803-820




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sumayya Goga
Author-X-Name-First: Sumayya
Author-X-Name-Last: Goga
Author-Name: Teboho Bosiu
Author-X-Name-First: Teboho
Author-X-Name-Last: Bosiu
Author-Name: Jason Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Title: Linking IDC finance to structural transformation and inclusivity in post-apartheid South Africa
Abstract: 
 The need for structural transformation and inclusivity in South Africa is urgent, given poor economic growth, employment and equality outcomes. This article examines the role of South Africa’s main industrial finance institution – the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) – in providing finance for structural transformation and inclusive economic growth post-apartheid. We find that the IDC’s funding has been concentrated in capital-intensive upstream sectors of the economy, with limited concessional finance to facilitate meaningful entry of SMEs into high-value and labour-absorptive downstream sectors. The IDC’s funding model (in being a self-sustainable institution) is a significant constraining factor in this regard. Furthermore, the lack of a purposeful integrated industrial policy strategy which directs investments clearly means that IDC’s funding priorities are not clearly defined.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 821-838
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1696181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1696181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:821-838




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aroop Chatterjee
Author-X-Name-First: Aroop
Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee
Title: Measuring wealth inequality in South Africa: An agenda
Abstract: 
 Understanding wealth inequality has unique significance in South Africa. The co-existence of extreme poverty and extreme wealth is starkly visible. Apartheid-era inequality has persisted despite more than 20 years of democracy. Much of the recent research focus on inequality has been on inequality of income and of opportunities, especially quantitatively. With the recent project to release South African tax administrative data for research, this paper hopes to show how use of the tax administrative data can contribute to developing a refreshed quantitative analysis of wealth inequality, especially in estimating the top shares of the wealth distribution, and so contribute to the existing literature on wealth inequality in South Africa. The first section will explore why studying wealth inequality is of fundamental importance. The second section will review international data and methods used to research wealth inequality, before laying out suggested approach to doing such studies in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 839-859
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1690977
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1690977
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:839-859




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacklyn Cock
Author-X-Name-First: Jacklyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Cock
Title: Resistance to coal inequalities and the possibilities of a just transition in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Coal mining and burning are among the most destructive activities on the planet, and a major driver of environmental inequality in South Africa. This article suggests that, despite heavy constraints, initiatives involving resistance to coal are building a ‘counter-power’ which challenges inequality, generates solidarity, and is potentially infused by imaginative visions of another world beyond coal. Following the ‘social power’ approach this vision could, with deeper connections between three sites of resistance to coal – organised labour, mining affected communities and environmental justice organisations – cohere into a vision of a ‘just transition’. This could embed the anti-coal struggle in a social movement for an alternative development path to challenge deepening poverty and inequality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 860-873
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660859
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:860-873




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris William Callaghan
Author-X-Name-First: Chris William
Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan
Author-Name: Natasha Chomba Callaghan
Author-X-Name-First: Natasha Chomba
Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan
Author-Name: Rubina Jogee
Author-X-Name-First: Rubina
Author-X-Name-Last: Jogee
Title: Inequality in healthcare R&D outcomes: a model of process disruption
Abstract: 
 The developing world has substantively different healthcare research and development (R&D) needs than the developed world. In this paper it is argued that healthcare inequality is primarily an outcome of the incentives of an innovation system that privileges wealthy markets. Given the difficulties inherent in challenging these incentive structures, it might be the R&D process itself (rather than its incentive structures) that, if disrupted, may ultimately improve access to R&D outcomes for poor populations. The objective of this paper is to spur novel thinking about the problem of healthcare inequality by developing a provocative conceptual model of healthcare R&D process disruption, based on the application of novel technologies to the research process itself, to radically lower the costs of R&D. The model developed here suggests that healthcare inequality might ultimately be mitigated by substantial reductions in time and cost in the biomedical R&D process made possible by novel technologies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 874-888
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1649117
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1649117
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:874-888




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeff Handmaker
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Handmaker
Author-Name: Thandiwe Matthews
Author-X-Name-First: Thandiwe
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews
Title: Analysing legal mobilisation’s potential to secure equal access to socioeconomic justice in South Africa
Abstract: 
 From the moment South Africa became a liberal democracy, the Government promised to deliver on social security for the poor. However, South African NGOs have reported that several barriers prevent poor South Africans, and black women in particular, from accessing the country’s social assistance system. Government inaction has compelled NGOs to approach the Courts. As reflected in a series of court judgements, many problems faced by the system relate to the administration of payments by South African and multinational corporations. But is this the complete story?Applying a critical, analytical lens of legal mobilisation to explain the potential of legal mobilisation to secure progressive structural change, this article will assess the extent to which civic-based, legal advocacy aimed at securing access to social grants, and challenging the manner in which these grants have been administered, has the potential to more strategically advance socioeconomic justice and inequality for South Africa’s poor.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 889-904
Issue: 6
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1675496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1675496
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:889-904




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. S. B. Mlipha
Author-X-Name-First: S. S. B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mlipha
Author-Name: M. Kalaba
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalaba
Title: The impact of risk on bilateral trade in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
Abstract: 
 In spite of the enormous risks facing developing countries in the trade arena, empirical studies have not adequately addressed the impact of risk on bilateral trade. The research that has been done isolates the impact of one type of risk and this methodology falls short in helping us understand the true impact of risk on trade. This situation is as much a consequence of the absence of a risk framework, as it is a result of the fragmented nature of the literature. This study develops a framework for quantifying risk in the South African Customs Union (SACU). This methodology adequately addresses the spill-over and snowballing-effects of risk. The results show a positive and negative impact of risk for the importer and exporter respectively. These findings suggest that if the resilience of the SACU countries is not improved, then their endeavour of economic growth through trade will be greatly compromised.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1572496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1572496
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Talita Greyling
Author-X-Name-First: Talita
Author-X-Name-Last: Greyling
Author-Name: Fiona Tregenna
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Tregenna
Title: Quality of life: Validation of an instrument and analysis of relationships between domains
Abstract: 
 Quality of life (QoL) is now widely recognised as a multidimensional concept. This study validates an instrument to measure multidimensional QoL, and investigates the relationships between the domains thereof. The domains analysed are: health, housing and infrastructure, socio-economic status, social relationships, governance and safety. We utilise a rich household-level dataset collected by the GCRO on QoL in the Gauteng city-region of South Africa. To validate the instrument, we subject the different domains to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to confirm the unidimensionality of each dimension, and then employ confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the instrument and to investigate the interrelationships between the domains of QoL. The results show that the items included to measure the different scales/domains of QoL are valid measures of the constructs. Furthermore, all domains are positively related, implying that policy measures implemented to improve a specific dimension may also positively influence the other domains of QoL.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 19-39
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1684243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1684243
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:1:p:19-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Kechia Mukong
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Kechia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukong
Author-Name: Ernest Ngeh Tingum
Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Ngeh
Author-X-Name-Last: Tingum
Title: The demand for cigarettes: New evidence from South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper estimates the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes in South Africa. Based on longitudinal data drawn from the South Africa National Income and Dynamic Study, we compare the results from the random and fixed effect panel estimation to estimates from the two-part model. We obtain negative price elasticity of demand for cigarettes, with significantly larger price elasticity estimates from the two-part model. The results suggest that a 10% increase in price reduces cigarette consumption by 4.3% for the economy brands and 6.9% for the mid-price brands. However, we find that over the same period, estimates from the fixed effect model are statistically insignificant. This is probably due to the limited within variation in both cigarette consumption and cigarette prices. Thus, with between variation models, increased tobacco taxes can, in the presence of the changing market structure, remain a desirable policy tool for reducing cigarette consumption.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 40-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1640108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1640108
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sibonokuhle Ndlovu
Author-X-Name-First: Sibonokuhle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu
Author-Name: Moreblessings Mpofu
Author-X-Name-First: Moreblessings
Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu
Author-Name: Philani Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Philani
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Title: Debunking the effectiveness of in-kind transfers in alleviating urban household food insecurity in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Urban household food insecurity has become a widespread dilemma in Zimbabwe. The paper investigates the extent to which various in-kind transfer programmes in two Bulawayo townships Zimbabwe, have attempted to enhance access to adequate food by poor urbanites. It also pays attention to the influence of in-kind transfers on food consumption behaviours in two ways: first, in relation to the number of meals consumed and second, in increasing quantities of food consumed by poor households. Data was collected through 10 key informant interviews, 50 semi-structured in-depth interviews and 237 questionnaires. Contrary to popular beliefs, we find that in-kind transfer programmes in the two townships have not meaningfully alleviated household food insecurity due to the distribution of incomplete food baskets, distances to distribution points, targeting systems, quantities of food items received and irregular distributions. We recommend the allocation of more resources for alleviating urban poverty and food insecurity.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 55-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1584031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1584031
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yogavelli Nambiar
Author-X-Name-First: Yogavelli
Author-X-Name-Last: Nambiar
Author-Name: Margie Sutherland
Author-X-Name-First: Margie
Author-X-Name-Last: Sutherland
Author-Name: Caren Brenda Scheepers
Author-X-Name-First: Caren Brenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheepers
Title: The stakeholder ecosystem of women entrepreneurs in South African townships
Abstract: 
 The literature on women entrepreneurs indicates that they have a positive influence on national economic growth and employment levels, yet the lived experience of women business owners in the highly constrained setting of South African townships has not been reported in academic literature. This study thus explored the role of the various stakeholders by conducting semi-structured interviews with 40 women entrepreneurs in eight townships, as well as leaders of five small business support organisations. The research provides a unique insight into the contextual complexities faced by these female business owners, offers a model of their stakeholder relationships, and identifies inhibiting and enabling factors in these relationships.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 70-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1657001
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1657001
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laeticia Jacobs
Author-X-Name-First: Laeticia
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs
Author-Name: Elizabeth A. Du Preez
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Du Preez
Author-Name: Felicité Fairer-Wessels
Author-X-Name-First: Felicité
Author-X-Name-Last: Fairer-Wessels
Title: To wish upon a star: Exploring Astro Tourism as vehicle for sustainable rural development
Abstract: 
 Tourism is regarded as a key sector through which to bring about sustainable development in rural areas. A suitable product offering should be identified that matches the rural area’s unique resources with market demand. The Karoo Rural Node in South Africa’s unique landscape coupled with hosting astronomy sites of global importance presents the ideal opportunity to develop Astro Tourism as niche offering. This paper explores the region’s state of readiness to harness this potential through describing existing visitors’ travel behaviour, experiences and expectations, alongside views from supply side stakeholders. Mixed methodology presents evaluations at the hand of an Importance Performance and a SOAR Analysis depicting the state of readiness. The paper describes how a unique experience such as Astro Tourism can be regarded as viable mechanism to bring about sustainable development in a rural context.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 87-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1609908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1609908
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elizelle Juaneé Cilliers
Author-X-Name-First: Elizelle Juaneé
Author-X-Name-Last: Cilliers
Title: Reflecting on Global South planning and planning literature
Abstract: 
 There is limited literature pertaining to planning in the Global South, in comparison to the literature base of planning in the global North, and some believe that much of the planning literature on the Global South comes from outside the continent, and does not reflect indigenous African-knowledge. The aim of this paper is to evaluate literature relating to South African planning approaches as point of departure to validate the claims pertaining to authorship of literature, and to further investigate the thematic content that is published. The empirical investigation considered 125 papers that were identified through a qualitative inquiry as part of theory-based sampling, where the respective titles of the papers were captured and 345 key words identified and information visualisation techniques employed to illustrate such. Conclusions were drawn with regard to (1) planning literature of South Africa (and references to Africa), (2) current research themes being investigated within the local South African context, and (3) future research opportunities which could advance the science of planning, teaching-learning approaches and contribute to broadening the local planning literature base within the Global South, whilst decolonising urban theory.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 105-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1637717
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1637717
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andre Steenkamp
Author-X-Name-First: Andre
Author-X-Name-Last: Steenkamp
Author-Name: Duncan Pieterse
Author-X-Name-First: Duncan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pieterse
Author-Name: James Rycroft
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Rycroft
Title: Leveraging agriculture for growth: lessons from innovative joint ventures and international best practice
Abstract: 
 Growing agriculture can reduce poverty, create economic opportunities in rural and peri-urban areas, and boost employment, particularly for semi- and unskilled workers. We review several successful joint ventures across South Africa which comprise a range of partnerships between smallholders, commercial farmers, agribusinesses, industry associations and government. Many of these partnerships have generated significant returns and transformational benefits. Well-designed joint ventures can complement existing government initiatives to drive more rapid agrarian transformation and increase production (Steenkamp, A., Pieterse, D & Rycroft, J, 2017. Innovative joint ventures can boost agriculture production and promote agrarian transformation. http://www.econ3×3.org/sites/default/files/articles/Steenkamp%20et%20al%202017%20Joint%20ventures%20and%20agrarian%20transformation.pdf Accessed 19 February 2019). A review of international best practice provides some insights into how government can support the sector to scale-up these interventions. We argue, however, that these interventions must be supported by policy and regulatory certainty and land policies for secure property rights across a range of tenure options.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 130-146
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1665985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1665985
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leila Patel
Author-X-Name-First: Leila
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel
Author-Name: Zoheb Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zoheb
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Thomas Englert
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Englert
Title: How might a national minimum wage affect the employment of youth in South Africa?
Abstract: 
 Labour market policies such as National Minimum Wages (NMW) are widely used in different countries to reduce poverty and inequality. Given the high and rising rate of youth unemployment in South Africa, we ask the question: how might a NMW affect the labour market outcomes of employed and unemployed youth? The perspectives of employed and unemployed youth aged 18–25 years were solicited through focus group discussions in five provinces. The findings suggest that a NMW could benefit youth engaged in formal employment, it could stimulate job-seeking for discouraged work seekers and is unlikely to crowd out investments in further education. However, the vast majority of unemployed youth will probably not benefit from a NMW. This is due to the multiple and complex needs of disadvantaged youth. Other social interventions are needed to address the youth unemployment crisis.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 147-161
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1552556
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1552556
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeremy Dobbin
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Dobbin
Author-Name: Hendrik Lloyd
Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd
Title: Development finance as an emerging discipline: Perspectives from the South African context
Abstract: 
 It has never been assessed whether development finance is regarded as a distinct and autonomous professional or academic discipline. This qualitative study explored the current perspectives on development finance from within the South African development finance context. Key individual informants (n = 31) were purposively sampled and surveyed in order to capture their perceptions, and to maximise the variance in perspectives identified. The findings revealed pervasive disagreement regarding the defining characteristics of development finance, its pedagogy, and professionalisation. Furthermore, the majority of informants perceived a shortage of local experts and agreed that practitioners should possess qualifications in development finance explicitly. The majority of informants regarded development finance as a separate academic discipline; and agreed that universities should offer undergraduate development finance education. It is recommended that future research and pedagogy address obvious epistemological issues: what counts as development finance knowledge and who has authority to define and produce it?
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 162-177
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1604211
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1604211
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:1:p:162-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippe Adair
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Adair
Title: Dimensions of resilience in developing countries: informality, solidarities and carework
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 178-180
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1718487
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1718487
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix G. Bello
Author-X-Name-First: Felix G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bello
Author-Name: Grace Kamanga
Author-X-Name-First: Grace
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamanga
Title: Drivers and barriers of corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry: The case of Malawi
Abstract: 
 In developing countries, corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes help in uplifting local communities by complementing governments’ efforts in providing public services in areas such as education, health, environment and security. But in the tourism industry, CSR has also been closely linked to responsible tourism in which tourism operators’ focus on protecting resources that attract tourists for business sustainability. This paper examines the drivers and barriers of CSR adoption in the tourism industry in Malawi. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. The study reveals that the major drivers of CSR in the tourism industry in Malawi are community expectations, management values and commitment, cost reduction, natural and cultural resource management, competitive advantage and company size. The barriers to CSR adoption include lack of resources, lack of clear CSR policy and government support, lack of coordination, mismanagement of CSR resources by communities and lack of awareness.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 181-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1555028
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1555028
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Dyason
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Dyason
Title: University population expenditure and its impact on real estate demand: Evidence from South Africa
Abstract: 
 A university campus has an ability to attract consumers from outside the region who spend locally to the benefit of the local economy and in particular the real estate market. This article identifies the real estate benefit to the host city from staff and student spending. The Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University in South Africa is used as an example and real estate demand modelling is applied to estimate the real estate space demand benefit to the host city. In 2016, the R2.2 billion expenditure by staff and students spilled over into a healthy demand for floor space in the city. A steady increase in on-campus, full-time students and a corresponding increase in staff numbers will continue to benefit the demand for real estate. However, this close relationship between university enrolments and activity in the real estate market could similarly be constrained if spending is under pressure.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 197-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1557510
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1557510
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abraham R Matamanda
Author-X-Name-First: Abraham R
Author-X-Name-Last: Matamanda
Title: Battling the informal settlement challenge through sustainable city framework: experiences and lessons from Harare, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 This study examines the efficacy of adopting the sustainable city framework as an urban planning agenda with a view to addressing the dilemma of informal settlements in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through document review which was triangulated with key informant interviews. Thematic and content analysis was then used to analyse the data. The results of the study show that informal settlements in Harare are a result of a multiplicity of factors which include political economy, uncoordinated planning, invasion of land by land barons and inappropriate planning ideologies. The planning approaches to address informal settlements also tends to be too harsh at times when evictions are used though there are some instances where it is commendable-regularisation by UDC. The study recommends the adoption of planning approaches that conform to the local realities in Harare as well as considering the sustainable cities framework.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 217-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1572495
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1572495
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:217-231




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Megan Davenport
Author-X-Name-First: Megan
Author-X-Name-Last: Davenport
Author-Name: Rashid M. Hassan
Author-X-Name-First: Rashid M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan
Title: Social capital and self-organised collective action: Lessons and insights from a South African community project
Abstract: 
 Through the lens of new institutional economics, this paper provides exploratory analysis of the elements of social capital behind the success of self-organised collective action in a longstanding and effective community-based conservation and development project. Our qualitative institutional analysis suggests that critical elements of project-level structural social capital in the Umgano project case study include: forward-thinking and capable leadership; long-standing partnerships with external agencies; sound operational structures and management; and legitimate participation facilitated by forms of representation that are transparent and accountable to constituents. In accordance with the theory, insights from the study also indicate that successful collective action relies on processes of long-term and earnest trust building, within and across communities, and between communities and external agents. Such insights serve as a point of reference for role-players in similar community-based projects and have the potential to inform future research on resource governance in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 232-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1628708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1628708
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Vergunst
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Vergunst
Author-Name: Leslie Swartz
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Swartz
Title: A Report on the Impact of the Living Conditions Studies (LCS) on disability in southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The living conditions studies (LCS) on disability are a survey method that has been used in a standardised manner across eight countries in southern Africa. This paper discusses an evaluation of the LCS that were carried out between 2000 and 2015. The methodology of this evaluation was a desk top study as well as interviews with relevant stakeholders from each of the countries. Results of the desk top study show an upward trend in citations for countries which have been cited in the literature, and that the scholarly as well as the grey literature reveal a clear trend that certain countries tend to dominate in uptake coverage. Results from the interviews generally show that the surveys were accepted by all countries in a positive and favourable light. Each country, with their unique context, has their own story. Recommendations based on the evaluation are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 247-258
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1628709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1628709
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:247-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zilungile Tunzi
Author-X-Name-First: Zilungile
Author-X-Name-Last: Tunzi
Author-Name: Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Simo-Kengne
Title: Estimating the future health care cost of population aging in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the relationship between health care expenditure and population aging in South Africa using yearly data from 1983 to 2015. Empirical evidence from an Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration indicates that old dependency and life expectancy are major drivers of public health expenditure in South Africa besides the income. Particularly, when structural breaks are controlled for, income exhibits a long-term elasticity with respect to health spending greater than unity; suggesting that South African public health care has become a luxury good over time. Interestingly, South African public health spending is found to be responsive to demographic development only in the long run. This is consistent with the micro evidence that health expenditure increases with individual age with significant impacts in the long term. Finally, using economic and demographic projections statistics, we find that public health expenditure could roughly double in the next fifteen years ceteris paribus.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 259-275
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1629878
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1629878
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:259-275




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Employment quality index for the South African labour market
Abstract: 
 While the South African government specifically set targets on job creation in its numerous economic strategies since the economic transition, various local studies examined the levels and trends in labour force, employment and unemployment to evaluate if these targets were met. However, the quality of employment has not been thoroughly examined. This is the first local study that fills the existing research gap by deriving a composite, multidimensional employment quality index by taking 18 indicators from seven dimensions into consideration: wage, work hours and flexibility, employment security, income security, social benefits, skills and participation. Using the 2010–16 Quarterly Labour Force Survey data, the empirical findings indicated that highly educated, white male workers aged at least 35 years, who lived in urban areas of the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, and were involved in high skilled occupations in the formal, public sector enjoyed significantly better employment quality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 276-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1654853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1654853
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:276-294




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Kenneth Odero
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Odero
Author-Name: Emmanuel Kofi Adanu
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Kofi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adanu
Title: Road crashes in Namibia: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development
Abstract: 
 Within a broad framework for comprehensive advancement, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) directly address the importance of safe transport to human development. We analysed some 29 000 crashes recorded in Namibia between 2012 and 2015 to identify connections between road safety and sustainable development there and, by extension, throughout Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries. The results indicate that the heavy reliance on transport services for basic mobility, especially in rural areas, contributes to negative development outcomes in terms of significant burden of injuries and death, many of which affect younger people of prime working age. The results also suggest that development pressures such as increased commercial traffic and more private vehicles increase the burden of roadway crashes. Many of the underlying factors contributing to these crashes are attributable to driving behaviours and safety cultures that must be addressed as part of programmatic socioeconomic development in order to mitigate the negative effects of transportation and more fully realise its potential to support sustainable development. We document additional ways in which the provision of safe transport is interrelated to successful attainment of the broader SDGs including those not explicitly addressing safe transport such as 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, and 17.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 295-311
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1659131
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1659131
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:295-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lameck Zetu Khonje
Author-X-Name-First: Lameck Zetu
Author-X-Name-Last: Khonje
Author-Name: Mulala Danny Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Mulala Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Author-Name: Regis Musavengane
Author-X-Name-First: Regis
Author-X-Name-Last: Musavengane
Title: Environmental sustainability innovations in the accommodation sub-sector: Views from Lilongwe, Malawi
Abstract: 
 Rising calls on sustainable practices ignited the need for hotels to develop innovative and sustainable ideas and approached to conserve the environment. This paper examines and discusses the existence and application of innovative sustainable environmental practices within Malawi hotels. Qualitative approaches were adopted to collect the data from public and private actors in the accommodation sub-sector. The Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Theory was used to determine the most prevalent reason for adopting an innovation strategy within some of the hotels in Lilongwe. It is reviewed that to a lesser extent some hotels adopted innovative strategies in water and energy use, waste management and hotel design. The collaborative effort between the government and private sector and the strengthening of the implementation of sustainability policies is recommended to promote environmental sustainability innovation. These views have been discussed within the broader discourse on environmental sustainability and innovations within hotels, in the Sub – Saharan African context.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 312-327
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660861
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:312-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabrielle Wills
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Wills
Title: Teachers’ unions and industrial action in South African primary schools: Exploring their impacts on learning
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates a disruption hypothesis that student learning is lost as a direct consequence of teacher strike action in South Africa. At face value estimates from a within-student across-subject analysis suggest that teacher strike participation negatively affects learning for students in the poorest three quarters of schools. Strike action also limits access to nutrition as school closures prevent student participation in daily school feeding programmes. However, despite controlling for student and school level factors that may drive teacher selection into strike participation, unobserved teacher characteristics continue to bias estimates. Assuming that selection on observable characteristics can tell us something about selection on unobservable characteristics, there is an implied negative selection of teachers into strike participation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 328-347
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1682969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1682969
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:328-347




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chukuakadibia Eresia-Eke
Author-X-Name-First: Chukuakadibia
Author-X-Name-Last: Eresia-Eke
Author-Name: Chijioke Okerue
Author-X-Name-First: Chijioke
Author-X-Name-Last: Okerue
Title: Owner-manager human capital and business coping ability in African immigrant small businesses in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 African immigrant-entrepreneurs arrive in foreign countries with just their human capital that helps them birth small businesses. Like other small businesses, these have the potential to contribute to the economic development of host nations, often by creating jobs; an important role, given the high levels of unemployment in the Southern African region. Unfortunately, the potential is deflated by the inability of the African-immigrant entrepreneurs to cope with running the businesses.This empirical study utilised a non-probability sampling technique to identify and collect data from African immigrant entrepreneurs in Southern Africa. Descriptive statistical analysis show that managerial skills and level of education are perceived to play the highest and lowest roles, respectively, as it concerns coping ability. Interestingly, despite the perception, multiple regression analysis conducted reveal that both level of education and managerial skills demonstrate significant relationships with the business coping ability of African immigrant-entrepreneurs.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 348-361
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701414
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jade Feder
Author-X-Name-First: Jade
Author-X-Name-Last: Feder
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Employed yet poor: low-wage employment and working poverty in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Working poverty exists worldwide and has shown an increase in prevalence over the past few decades. Over the years, there has been an increase in the number and severity of low-wage employment, which in turn contributes significantly to poverty. Whilst paid employment has generally been considered as the predominant means to survive financially, salaries may be too low to maintain reasonable living standards. South African research on low-wage employment and working poverty in particular, are rare. Using data from the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study, this study fills the existing research gap by examining low-wage employment, working poverty, and low-wage poverty. The empirical findings indicated that all three groups are predominantly lowly-educated, middle-aged African female employees involved in elementary occupations in the informal sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 363-381
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1597682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1597682
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Devereux
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Devereux
Title: Violations of farm workers’ labour rights in post-apartheid South Africa
Abstract: 
 Commercial farm workers in South Africa endured centuries of exploitation and abuse until the 1990s, when progressive legislation was promulgated that confers rights to workers aimed at improving their living and working conditions, including through a sector-specific statutory minimum wage. However, violations of labour rights are widespread in the agriculture sector, and farm workers are arguably more vulnerable than before as they face ongoing evictions, casualisation and exploitation. This research study, conducted among women farm workers in the Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces, documents labour rights violations in the areas of wages and contracts and occupational health and safety. Apart from farmers themselves, government is responsible for failing to enforce compliance with pro-worker legislation, while trade unions have failed to represent farm workers and hold farmers and government to account.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 382-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1609909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1609909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:3:p:382-404




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mzwanele Ntshwanti
Author-X-Name-First: Mzwanele
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntshwanti
Author-Name: Kenneth Creamer
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Creamer
Title: Externally constrained growth: Testing the applicability of Thirlwall’s law in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study tests whether the performance of South Africa’s trade balance, that is, the country’s export and import performance, can effectively explain the economy’s growth rate. Formally, the study tests the applicability of Thirlwall’s law to the South African economy. The law states that the estimated growth rate $\lpar {\rm y}_{{\rm Bt}}\rpar$(yBt) of an economy is proportional to the growth rate of exports $\lpar {\rm x}_{\rm t}\rpar$(xt) divided by the income elasticity of imports${\rm \;\ }\lpar {\rm \pi } \rpar$ (π). The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) quarterly data from 1960 to 2009 for exports, imports, the exchange rate, export prices, import prices, and the economic growth rate is used for regression. The study runs an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in the presence of structural breaks and after adjusting for structural breaks and finds that growth in the South African economy can be shown to be trade balance constrained. This finding has policy implications with regard to trade promotion and strategies and strategies to enhance growth performance by increasing the overall competitiveness of the South African economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 405-417
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1610359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1610359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trust Saidi
Author-X-Name-First: Trust
Author-X-Name-Last: Saidi
Author-Name: Donné van der Westhuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Donné
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Westhuizen
Author-Name: Nailah Conrad
Author-X-Name-First: Nailah
Author-X-Name-Last: Conrad
Author-Name: Tinashe Mutsvangwa
Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutsvangwa
Author-Name: Tania S. Douglas
Author-X-Name-First: Tania S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas
Title: Learning by solving as a pedagogical approach to inclusive health innovation
Abstract: 
 Universities can foster inclusive innovation by establishing a learning and innovation ecology that assists students to pioneer new ways of addressing societal challenges. The paper examines learning by solving as a means of capacitating students with skills for inclusive innovation. Using a platform of engaged scholarship along with design thinking as a problem-solving methodology in a master’s level course, a case study is presented that addresses the experience of Deaf patients at a public healthcare facility in South Africa. The course bridged the gap between theory and practice, facilitated experiential learning, enabled students to handle complex challenges and enabled productive collaboration. The approach empowers students with a skill set for addressing contemporary social challenges, and resonates with the concept of the ‘developmental university’, which has the mandate of addressing the needs of the society in which it is located.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 418-431
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1640662
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1640662
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stasja Koot
Author-X-Name-First: Stasja
Author-X-Name-Last: Koot
Author-Name: Verina Jane Ingram
Author-X-Name-First: Verina Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingram
Author-Name: Mariska Bijsterbosch
Author-X-Name-First: Mariska
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijsterbosch
Title: State paternalism and institutional degradation at Treesleeper Eco-camp: Community-based tourism and the loss of sovereignty among Bushmen in Namibia
Abstract: 
 The Namibian government promotes community-based tourism (CBT) as market-based development. At Treesleeper Eco-camp, a CBT-project among marginalised Hai//om and !Xun Bushmen (San), we investigate how Bushmen's historically developed paternalist relations shape contemporary local institutional processes. Institutional design principles, seen as prerequisites for stable and robust institutions (norms, rules and regulations), and thus successful CBT, are used to analyse local changes of the project in relation to a government grant. Ironically, after the grant, Treesleeper generated less income and the consequent ‘upgrade’ intensified conflicts. This study shows that community control, ownership and participation are key factors for successful CBT-projects, but currently the state has obstructed these, just as various other ‘superior’ actors have also done (throughout history) in relation to ‘inferior’ Bushmen. We argue that paternalist ideologies perpetuate today in the Bushmen's relation with the state, leading to weaker institutions locally through dispossession of their sovereignty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 432-445
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674636
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nozuko Lawana
Author-X-Name-First: Nozuko
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawana
Author-Name: Frederik Booysen
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik
Author-X-Name-Last: Booysen
Author-Name: Asrat Tsegaye
Author-X-Name-First: Asrat
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsegaye
Author-Name: Forget Mingiri Kapingura
Author-X-Name-First: Forget Mingiri
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapingura
Author-Name: Charles Hongoro
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Hongoro
Title: Lifestyle risk factors, non-communicable diseases and labour force participation in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the indirect effects of lifestyle risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases on labour force participation in South Africa utilising data from the National Income Dynamics Study. Endogenous multivariate probit models with a recursive simultaneous structure were employed in the study as a method of analysis. Findings showed a negative effect of non-communicable diseases on labour force participation. When the analysis was disaggregated by gender, the results showed that the effect of stroke and heart diseases were only significant for men, while diabetes and hypertension were only significant for women. The results also emphasised the significant indirect impact of obesity, physical activity and alcohol consumption on labour force participation through non-communicable diseases, especially for men. The policy implications of this study are thus gender-specific. These results can be used to inform the South African National Department of Health to strengthen current health strategies with the aim of reducing lifestyle risk factors and thus promoting sustained labour force participation rates in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 446-461
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1678459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1678459
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marlies Piek
Author-X-Name-First: Marlies
Author-X-Name-Last: Piek
Author-Name: Dieter von Fintel
Author-X-Name-First: Dieter
Author-X-Name-Last: von Fintel
Title: Sectoral minimum wages in South Africa: Disemployment by firm size and trade exposure
Abstract: 
 This paper measures the impact of South African minimum wages on small and large firm employment in a sector that is exposed to international competition (agriculture) and one that is not (retail). Small farm employment is most vulnerable to minimum wage legislation. In contrast, large farm employment was shielded from employment losses. While this shift represents a short-run response to minimum wages, it may intensify the long-run movement towards fewer, larger, and more capital-intensive farms. Retail employment experienced no changes in employment, regardless of firm size. These results are in line with the idea that firms exposed to international markets cannot easily increase prices when their employees’ wages increase while non-tradable sectors can more readily shift the burden of higher labour costs onto consumers by increasing prices. Implementation of a uniform national minimum wage ignores this type of heterogeneity, and could lead to intra-industry changes in concentration and inequality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 462-482
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1702504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1702504
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela Casale
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale
Title: Recovery from stunting in early childhood and subsequent schooling outcomes: Evidence from NIDS Waves 1–5
Abstract: 
 While an extensive literature documents the negative effects of stunting on children’s developmental potential, there is far less evidence on whether a recovery from stunting in childhood – often referred to as ‘catch-up growth’– helps mitigate the negative effects of early growth retardation. This paper explores the association between catch-up growth in early childhood and subsequent schooling outcomes using data from the first five waves of NIDS. The findings suggest that children who recovered from stunting in early childhood go on to complete fewer years of schooling compared to their non-stunted counterparts, driven in large part by a slower progression through school. However, there also appear to be heterogeneous effects depending on the extent of recovery; the small proportion of children who recovered substantially exhibit similar schooling outcomes to the non-stunted group. These results have important implications for the timing of nutritional (and other) investments in the early childhood period.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 483-500
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1715790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1715790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:3:p:483-500




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce Hearn
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Hearn
Author-Name: Jenifer Piesse
Author-X-Name-First: Jenifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Piesse
Title: A reassessment of stock market integration in SADC: The case of Namibia
Abstract: 
 A major feature of development policy modelled on neoclassical notions of financial market integration is that a wide array of smaller markets can benefit from integration by pooling resources and attracting foreign capital to supplement otherwise low levels of domestic investment. However, evidence from Namibia and South Africa suggest that the smaller markets become regulatory price-takers and to maintain the benefits from integration, face prohibitively high costs. We find evidence that the current policy initiatives of regional integration impose costs on smaller, less developed exchanges, which are ultimately borne by local firms seeking cost-effective sustainable external finance.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 501-518
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1717928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1717928
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arno J. van Niekerk
Author-X-Name-First: Arno J.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk
Title: Towards inclusive growth in Africa
Abstract: 
 In view of inclusive growth (IG), a critical research question is: What adjustments to the growth process are necessary to ensure inclusive development? In attempting to answer this question, the paper investigates the concept of inclusive growth from different perspectives and examines the challenges and policy priorities for inclusive growth in the African context. Essential components of inclusive growth are identified. Given the promise it holds to help overcome the pressing obstacles of poverty, unemployment and inequality in a broad-based manner, IG is seen as instrumental in increasing Africa’s economic inclusivity. The question of how inclusive the growth of African economies ought to be, is essential for ensuring sustainable development, considering rising population growth rates. The paper makes a contribution to mapping the way forward towards reaching this goal. Key findings are a reinterpretation of genuine growth and how inclusivity criteria can be used to achieve it.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 519-533
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1736004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1736004
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Maphela
Author-X-Name-First: B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maphela
Author-Name: F. Cloete
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cloete
Title: Johannesburg’s implementation of the National Water Act, 1998 in Soweto, South Africa
Abstract: 
 The Guide to the National Water Act, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) regards the availability of water as a basic human right. However, local governments seem to struggle to pay for the water they provide to their residents as prescribed in the Water Services Act, 1997 (Act 108 of 1997). This study focused on the domestic provision and consumption of water in Soweto, one of the largest townships in the Johannesburg area of South Africa. Surveys were conducted with 372 respondents from three different socio-economic suburbs in Soweto with the aim to establish their water use perceptions and practices. Study results indicate implementation of the National Water Act is still being resisted by Sowetan households more than two decades after its adoption, due to the difference in expectations of the municipality and the residents regarding rights to water access and responsible usage.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 535-552
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1647834
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1647834
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:535-552




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cinzia Castiglioni
Author-X-Name-First: Cinzia
Author-X-Name-Last: Castiglioni
Author-Name: Edoardo Lozza
Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Lozza
Author-Name: Paolo Anselmi
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Anselmi
Author-Name: Rossella Rossi
Author-X-Name-First: Rossella
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossi
Title: Assessing social impact in the field of sustainable tourism development: Evidence from Cabo Delgado (MZ)
Abstract: 
 Assessing the social impact of tourism-related activities is of paramount importance to promoting sustainable development. The present study aimed to assess the social impact of a project in Cabo Delgado (MZ), designed to increase local community residents’ employability in the emerging tourism sector through the delivery of vocational training programmes, utilising a multi-phase and mixed-method design. The study comprised three different phases (before, during, and after the intervention) and took into account the perspective of a variety of stakeholders. Programmes were perceived to be effective by local operators in the tourism sector and trainees, as they enhanced their living conditions and increased their employability. International operators and tourists, however, had not yet perceived their effectiveness. This study offers a methodological framework for social impact assessment by performing a programme evaluation as an integral part of the intervention itself. This methodology can be extended to other non-tourism related contexts.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 553-569
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660858
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adeola Oyenubi
Author-X-Name-First: Adeola
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyenubi
Title: Optimising balance using covariate balancing propensity score: The case of South African child support grant
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we explore the use of covariate balancing propensity scores (CBPS) in estimating the impact of the South African child support grant (CSG) on the height-for-age score of benefiting children. CBPS is a different approach to estimating propensity score, under CBPS the scores are estimated such that the estimation incorporates covariate balancing condition. This approach is therefore relatively robust to misspecification of the propensity score model which makes it ideal for this case study. We show that utilising the CBPS leads to treatment effect estimate that is larger and more precisely estimated than estimates that have been reported in the literature because the method exploits the dual function of propensity score. The effect of CSG under CBPS is as large as 44% of standard deviation on average. This implies that the effect of the grant cannot be regarded as small as previously reported in the literature.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 570-586
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1664895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1664895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:570-586




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Busiswa Nxazonke
Author-X-Name-First: Busiswa
Author-X-Name-Last: Nxazonke
Author-Name: Roscoe Bertrum van Wyk
Author-X-Name-First: Roscoe Bertrum
Author-X-Name-Last: van Wyk
Title: The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment on domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa. With the focus on inward capital flows, the study specifically employed stock data and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to measure the impact. The data set analysed is for the period 2000–18, and after testing a Threshold Vector Autoregressive model, it was established that there is a short-run and long-run nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa. The key findings of the study were that foreign direct investment has a positive short-run and long-run influence on domestic entrepreneurship. The policy recommendations are for government to create an eco-system that supports entrepreneurship through the lowering of regulatory burden on new domestic firms and enact robust sector-specific localisation policies for big corporations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 587-600
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1667751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1667751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:587-600




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jack Chola Bwalya
Author-X-Name-First: Jack Chola
Author-X-Name-Last: Bwalya
Title: Are people in the SADC region willing to pay more tax to fund public healthcare?
Abstract: 
 For Africa to develop and achieve sustainable development, African governments have to prioritise spending on public health. However, the current spending data shows that health spending is a continuing struggle for African countries. Many researchers have the view that African governments have to collect more tax to spend enough on public healthcare. The question here is what extent people are willing to pay more tax to increase spending on public healthcare? Employing a multilevel regression model on Afrobarometer survey data, this paper examined to what extent individual and country level factors influence people’s willingness to pay more tax to increase spending on public healthcare in 12 Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states. This study found that peoples’ trust in their government is an important determinant of willingness to pay more tax, while factors such as the country’s quality of democracy, economic condition, and current per capita health expenditure have no influence.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 601-616
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1674638
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:601-616




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Salahuddin
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Salahuddin
Author-Name: Nick Vink
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Vink
Author-Name: Nicholas Ralph
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ralph
Author-Name: Jeff Gow
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Gow
Title: Globalisation, poverty and corruption: Retarding progress in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Poverty and corruption can both immiserate a nation. Globalisation through open trade can potentially increase economic growth, providing employment and increased incomes to the poor. Corruption can dampen or even reduce these positive developments. Although globalisation is considered instrumental in development strategies, theoretically, the impact of globalisation on poverty reduction is ambiguous, an ambiguity that is also reflected in the empirical literature. The corruption-poverty literature clearly reveals that empirical findings on such association are at best heterogeneous. This article examines the effects of globalisation and corruption on poverty using time series data for South Africa for the period 1991–2016. Three indicators of poverty and recently developed measures of globalisation and corruption were employed in the logistic regression model used for estimation. The results confirm that globalisation reduces poverty while corruption intensifies it. The globalisation findings are robust across the different measures of poverty while unidirectional results show corruption increases poverty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 617-643
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1678460
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1678460
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eline D’Haene
Author-X-Name-First: Eline
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Haene
Author-Name: Marijke D’Haese
Author-X-Name-First: Marijke
Author-X-Name-Last: D’Haese
Title: Milk in the city: profiles and development paths for urban dairy holders in Ethiopia
Abstract: 
 Demand for dairy products is growing fast in urban areas. Due to poorly developed rural infrastructure, urban dairy farms are pivotal in making milk available and affordable in towns and cities. Yet current supply fails to meet the increasing demand. In order to formulate fit interventions that can expand urban dairy production, a detailed understanding of urban dairy systems is needed. Using a cluster analysis approach, we profile 304 urban dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia, along three dimensions: input efficiency, market integration, and resilience towards demand seasonality. Our results suggest five distinctive farm types: surviving farms, processing female farms, young male entrepreneurs, established output-efficient farms, and established output-input-efficient farms. We observe large discrepancies in terms of dairy enterprise’s productivity, profitability, and suitability in future urban policy planning. For each of the identified dairy systems, we sketch potential intervention approaches that can feed into more tailored dairy development programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 644-660
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1689099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1689099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:644-660




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. Ricketts
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ricketts
Author-Name: C. M. Shackleton
Author-X-Name-First: C. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton
Title: Integrating livelihoods and forest conservation through beekeeping in northern KwaZulu-Natal
Abstract: 
 South Africa has potential to export honey products through promoting beekeeping as an income generating opportunity amongst rural communities. Formalised beekeeping may also reduce wild fires initiated by hunters of wild bee hives. This study examined the contribution of the African Honey Bee (AHB) initiative to rural livelihoods and the incidence of forest fires using a mixed methods approach. The initiative increased incomes of newly trained and active beekeepers, although success rates and honey yields were variable. Core challenges included not catching bees, theft and vandalism of hives, insufficient bee forage, drought and pests. Most respondents also perceived an increase in crop size since AHB began, although few attributed this to pollination from the bees. The number of wild fires attributed to honey hunters more than halved after AHB began. Future steps need to reduce the challenges and integrate beekeeping into broader agriculture and forest conservation programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 661-677
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698408
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eben Proos
Author-X-Name-First: Eben
Author-X-Name-Last: Proos
Author-Name: Johan Hattingh
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Hattingh
Title: Advancing heritage tourism in the central Karoo: The South African War Battlefields Route
Abstract: 
 Tourism and tourism development have the potential to make a positive impact on a region’s economic development and sustainability. In this sense, the central Karoo has a great deal to offer heritage tourists. As there are numerous battlefield sites associated with the South African War (1899–1902) (previously the Anglo-Boer War) the central Karoo offers a unique development opportunity to demarcate a designated battlefield route dedicated to the war. This study investigated the potential for the development of the proposed route by involving potential stakeholders (specifically product owners and government officials) on the route. The study was qualitative, and 33 interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. The main findings indicate a need for the development of the route and the establishment of a South African War Battlefields Route Destination Marketing Organisation (DMO).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 678-693
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698409
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698409
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abraham R. Matamanda
Author-X-Name-First: Abraham R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matamanda
Author-Name: Innocent Chirisa
Author-X-Name-First: Innocent
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirisa
Author-Name: Munyaradzi A. Dzvimbo
Author-X-Name-First: Munyaradzi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dzvimbo
Author-Name: Queen L. Chinozvina
Author-X-Name-First: Queen L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chinozvina
Title: The political economy of Zimbabwean Urban informality since 2000 – A contemporary governance dilemma
Abstract: 
 The article explores the urban informality dilemma in Harare through the lens of a political economy theory. It examines the typologies of urban informality, the influence of political economy on urban informalities, and informs decision-making to address the urban informality dilemma. A qualitative approach was used where secondary data were collected through document analysis and primary data from interviews with 20 purposively selected key informants. Surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted with 585 individuals engaged in informal activities. It emerged that urban informality in Harare takes on different forms and aside from the economic crisis, politics played a role in the emergence and proliferation of urban informality. The article provides insight into, and raises awareness with regard to key areas of concern on how power influences decision-making relating to urban informality. Therefore, the article provides a basis for policy formulation and institutional reforms for effective measures to curb urban informality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 694-707
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698410
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Wittenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittenberg
Author-Name: Mark A. Collinson
Author-X-Name-First: Mark A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Collinson
Title: Household formation and service delivery in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from the Agincourt sub-district 1992–2012
Abstract: 
 South Africa has seen a rapid rate of new household formation since 1994. The same period has also seen an impressive roll-out of housing and services. These interact since new household formation delays the elimination of backlogs. Based on data from the Agincourt study site and a novel decomposition technique we examine the process by which household size has been reduced and suggest that service delivery may actually fuel new household formation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 708-726
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1764335
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1764335
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian M. Rogerson
Author-X-Name-First: Christian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson
Author-Name: Tom Baum
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Baum
Title: COVID-19 and African tourism research agendas
Abstract: 
 COVID-19 has triggered a burst of international scholarship concerning the reshaping of tourism and the resetting of tourism research agendas. The aim of this paper is to tease out some implications for re-orienting the African tourism research agenda from 2020 and beyond. Arguably, an appropriate African research response to COVID-19 in the context of tourism must embrace a genuine transdisciplinary approach and draw in researchers who would not, historically, have operated in the tourism space. Seven key themes are discussed namely, market confidence; dependence on international long-haul tourists; supporting regional and domestic tourism especially VFR travel; redefining community-based tourism; informal sector resilience; climate change; and, addressing present-mindedness in African tourism scholarship.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 727-741
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818551
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818551
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Albert Nsom Kimbu
Author-X-Name-First: Albert Nsom
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimbu
Author-Name: Tembi Maloney Tichaawa
Author-X-Name-First: Tembi Maloney
Author-X-Name-Last: Tichaawa
Title: Determinants of impact investing for tourism development in emerging destinations of sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 Impact investing is making important and positive contributions to the socio-economic development of groups at the bottom-of-the-pyramid. Independent literature streams reveal how in resource scarce contexts of sub-Saharan Africa, businesses are increasingly tapping into this emerging opportunity which is extending loans and other forms of capital. However, to date, there is very limited understanding of this domain from a hospitality and tourism perspective. By synthesising across these literature streams, we explore the opportunities, constraints and nature of impact investing, and theorise its key determinants in resource scarce contexts. In order to elaborate our theorisation, we content analyse published accounts, namely industry reports and academic literature, to argue for the need for more impact investing in hospitality and tourism, a sector that has traditionally suffered from under-financing and limited politico-economic recognition. The study lays a foundation for future research in impact investing in hospitality and tourism and yields important policy and managerial implications.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 742-757
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1724530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1724530
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damiannah Kieti
Author-X-Name-First: Damiannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Kieti
Author-Name: Rita Nthiga
Author-X-Name-First: Rita
Author-X-Name-Last: Nthiga
Author-Name: Jonathan Plimo
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Plimo
Author-Name: Pratima Sambajee
Author-X-Name-First: Pratima
Author-X-Name-Last: Sambajee
Author-Name: Ann Ndiuini
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndiuini
Author-Name: Ezekiel Kiage
Author-X-Name-First: Ezekiel
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiage
Author-Name: Peter Mutinda
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutinda
Author-Name: Tom Baum
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Baum
Title: An African dilemma: Pastoralists, conservationists and tourists – reconciling conflicting issues in Kenya
Abstract: 
 Kenya is facing irreconcilable tensions by competing interests from conservationists, tourism developers and pastoralists. Concerns arising from the well-being of flora and, in particular, fauna by conservationists; tourists and commercial tourism; and the increasingly restricted use of traditional lands and herding animals by pastoralist indigenous communities, have populated the discourse of land use in Kenya. In this paper, we look into the varying perceptions of each group of stakeholders and seek to analyse the current narrative that gives priority to wildlife protection and the commercial exploitation of wildlife through high-end tourism development to the detriment of the rights and interests of pastoralism. As pastoral land becomes more appropriated, our analysis shows that the antagonistic relationship between conservationism, commercial tourism and pastoralism is likely to deteriorate. We, therefore, propose a more participatory model of tourism development that will allow pastoralist communities to have a voice in the process.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 758-772
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747988
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Noel Biseko Lwoga
Author-X-Name-First: Noel Biseko
Author-X-Name-Last: Lwoga
Author-Name: Elirehema Maturo
Author-X-Name-First: Elirehema
Author-X-Name-Last: Maturo
Title: Motivation-based segmentation of rural tourism market in African villages
Abstract: 
 This study explores the motivations for rural tourism and segments its market based on the push and pull motivational forces by drawing largely from international tourists visiting villages on the slopes of Kilimanjaro Mountain in Tanzania. By applying questionnaire survey and critical segmentation algorithm, the study provides empirical evidence that rural tourists in African villages are motivated by nostalgia for rural cultural life. Other motivations include relaxing with relatives and friends, learning about local farming methods, socialising with the villagers, enjoying nature and contributing to the community. The clustering of the motivations generated the four segments of multi-experiences, authenticity-learners, relaxing with friends and relatives, visiting farms and nature seekers and casual segments. The study argues that rural tourism market is heterogeneous and plural. Recommendations for practitioners and for future research are provided.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 773-790
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760791
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760791
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:5:p:773-790




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melphon A. Mayaka
Author-X-Name-First: Melphon A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayaka
Author-Name: Gary Lacey
Author-X-Name-First: Gary
Author-X-Name-Last: Lacey
Author-Name: Christian M. Rogerson
Author-X-Name-First: Christian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson
Title: Empowerment process in community-based tourism: Friend relationship perspective
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the ‘alternative’ empowerment roles of catalyst, facilitator and advocate in community-based tourism in the context of community development practice, drawing on findings from four community-based tourism (CBT) ethnographic case studies in Kenya. A ‘friend’ or ‘neighbour’ relationship is uncovered as a possible combination of these roles. The various roles may be points or positions in a continuum, a relationship that develops over time. The roles could be realised between a community and an individual from within or outside the community. It is further proposed that understanding the roles and the relationships provides possibilities for community empowerment and sustainable community development within CBT settings. The findings point towards opportunities for the enhancement of empowerment, either driven by deliberate efforts of development practitioners or brought about in non-deliberate, organic manner through collaborative work of a wide range of actors.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 791-808
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1806783
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1806783
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robin Nunkoo
Author-X-Name-First: Robin
Author-X-Name-Last: Nunkoo
Author-Name: Viraiyan Teeroovengadum
Author-X-Name-First: Viraiyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Teeroovengadum
Author-Name: Boopen Seetanah
Author-X-Name-First: Boopen
Author-X-Name-Last: Seetanah
Author-Name: R. V. Sannasee
Author-X-Name-First: R. V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sannasee
Author-Name: Arshad Pooloo
Author-X-Name-First: Arshad
Author-X-Name-Last: Pooloo
Title: Determinants of tourism small and medium enterprises financial performance
Abstract: 
 This study develops and tests a structural model that incorporates the determinants of SME financial performance in Mauritius. Data were collected from 384 tourism SME owners using a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that managerial capability has a significant positive effect on SME performance and is in turn influenced by managers’ autonomy and competence. The study does find a significant relationship between innovation capability and SME performance. Given the socio-economic importance of SMEs to the Mauritian economy, the results provide crucial information to government and policy-makers that can used to develop macro-economic policies that increase their contribution to the socio-economic development of the country. For entrepreneurs, the study provides insights on areas of interventions that can lead to an improvement in the financial performance of their organisations. Despite the study limitations, it contributes to a theoretical understanding of the determinants of financial performance in African economies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 809-824
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1808948
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1808948
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irma Booyens
Author-X-Name-First: Irma
Author-X-Name-Last: Booyens
Title: Education and skills in tourism: Implications for youth employment in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The tourism sector is routinely offered as an option to grow employment in South Africa. Yet, questions need to be asked about the nature of employment in tourism, the state of education and skills training in the sector and its prospects for youth. Drawing on a national study, this paper interrogates tourism education and skills training issues in relation to youth employment and development. The findings reveal that youth in the sector find themselves in precarious employment: they typically have low-level skills, do not continue their education or training after being employed and have few career progression options. At the same time, a mismatch between the outcomes of education and skills training in tourism and the requirements of the industry come to the fore. Enhanced skills development and the creation of pathways for learning; labour market access and upward career progression are needed to advance youth in tourism.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 825-839
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1725447
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1725447
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian M. Rogerson
Author-X-Name-First: Christian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson
Author-Name: Jayne M. Rogerson
Author-X-Name-First: Jayne M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogerson
Title: Inclusive tourism and municipal assets: Evidence from Overstrand local municipality, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Inclusive tourism is a major focus in international scholarship. The South African record is significant as national government addresses the apartheid legacy of the historical exclusion of black communities from participation in the mainstream economy. The objective is to examine the potential of leveraging state assets for achieving a more inclusive tourism economy. The specific focus is the use of municipal assets with evidence from the Overstrand local municipality which centres upon the tourist town of Hermanus, Western Cape. This municipality has a significant basket of municipal assets which can be leveraged for tourism development, including for the potential benefit of entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities. The results reveal that several of these assets are underperforming for the local tourism economy. The nexus of municipal asset management and inclusive tourism merits further scholarship.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 840-854
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796597
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen
Author-Name: Naomi Moswete
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Moswete
Author-Name: Julius R. Atlhopheng
Author-X-Name-First: Julius R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Atlhopheng
Author-Name: Wame L. Hambira
Author-X-Name-First: Wame L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hambira
Title: Changing socio-ecologies of Kalahari: Local perceptions towards environmental change and tourism in Kgalagadi, Botswana
Abstract: 
 Central parts of southern Africa are expected to face major environmental and economic changes in the near future, calling for proactive thinking on how local people could diversify their livelihoods. In Botswana, the tourism industry is considered as a major option for economic diversification and current tourism policies include a strong emphasis on tourism that participates in and benefits communities. The developmental impact of tourism depends on how the local communities perceive their livelihood options and the role of tourism. This paper analyses how community members in selected villages in Kalahari Desert perceive the current and estimated future impacts of climate change and how these impacts may influence their livelihoods in future and what role the tourism industry may play in that process. Based on the results, there are minimal local benefits and participation in tourism, which limits the potential of tourism to work for sustainable local development in practice.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 855-870
Issue: 5
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1809997
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1809997
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koech Cheruiyot
Author-X-Name-First: Koech
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheruiyot
Title: Heterogeneous relationships between income levels and associated correlates in Gauteng province, South Africa: quantile regression approach
Abstract: 
 Despite implementation of several government policies since the dawn of democracy in South Africa, income distribution remains skewed in the country. This paper explores income distribution in the Gauteng province by addressing two important questions: first, what is the level and pattern of income distribution, and second, do the role of correlates in explaining income distribution differ across income groups? By employing quantile regression analysis, this paper’s results not only show the explanatory role of various correlates, such as race, but it also confirm that the explanatory role of these correlates is heterogeneous across income groups. The paper by drilling down into the data established that there are variations across some identifiable groups (e.g. youth, pensioners, and adults) and quantiles. These results enable policy makers to tailor policies to specific income and other identifiable groups, rather than one-size-fit-all policy focus.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 871-887
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701415
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701415
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:6:p:871-887




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nomhle Ngwenya
Author-X-Name-First: Nomhle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwenya
Author-Name: Mulala Danny Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Mulala Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Title: Unbundling of the green bond market in the economic hubs of Africa: Case study of Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa
Abstract: 
 Climate change is arguably one of the biggest challenges globally. In order for countries to meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement, climate investments need to be scaled up for adaptation and mitigation strategies. Green bonds are one of the most emerging climate finance mechanisms for large-scale climate projects and offer investment opportunities for many developing countries. Most developing countries are heavily reliant on climate funds which are insufficient. Hence, the urgent need to tap into emerging climate finances such as green bonds. Out of all the regions, Africa is expected to be the worst impacted by climate change and green bonds can contribute to the much needed climate finances. The growth of the green bond market has been observed in the economic hubs of the continent with countries such as Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa demonstrating huge potential in being active and contributing to the growth of the market. However, this paper recommends that for the green bond market to further expand in these countries and rest of the continent, there needs to be public–private partnerships fostered, integrated policies, political will as well as effective institutional frameworks.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 888-903
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1725446
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1725446
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:6:p:888-903




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Crispen Karanda
Author-X-Name-First: Crispen
Author-X-Name-Last: Karanda
Author-Name: Nuria Toledano
Author-X-Name-First: Nuria
Author-X-Name-Last: Toledano
Title: Exploring the role of NGOs in influencing enterprise policy: Insights from Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 The ineffectiveness of enterprise policy in some southern Africa’s rural areas has led to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) attempting to increase their political influence by engaging in the enterprise policy process. This paper examines the case of one NGO from one of the poorest southern African countries – Zimbabwe – in order to bring insights to its role as policy influencer in the regional approaches of enterprise policy-making. The paper argues that an understanding of such role requires the appreciation of how people and organisations are embedded to their contexts. The evidence suggests that in the case study the NGO’s role is only modest.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 904-920
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747986
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pedzisai Ndagurwa
Author-X-Name-First: Pedzisai
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndagurwa
Author-Name: Garikayi B. Chemhaka
Author-X-Name-First: Garikayi B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chemhaka
Title: Education elasticities of young women fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Although the relationship between education and fertility is well established, an understanding of young women’s fertility responses to education over time is needed to enhance a critical appraisal of education elasticities of fertility. This study thus comparatively investigates education effects on fertility in Ethiopia, Rwanda and Zimbabwe. Multivariate fixed effects logistic regression and direct decomposition methods were applied to Demographic and Health Survey data between 1999 and 2011. Results showed that declines in youth fertility in Ethiopia and Rwanda were driven by decrease in fertility rates of those with primary education but in the Zimbabwe youth fertility changes were driven by those with secondary or higher educational attainment. We conclude that education elasticities of fertility are not constant but vary by country and stage of fertility transition. Countries that are more advanced in fertility transition therefore need to place focus on enhancing post-secondary education to sustain fertility transition.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 921-936
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1747987
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikovhe Gadisi
Author-X-Name-First: Mikovhe
Author-X-Name-Last: Gadisi
Author-Name: Enoch Owusu-Sekyere
Author-X-Name-First: Enoch
Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu-Sekyere
Author-Name: Abiodun Akintunde Ogundeji
Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Akintunde
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundeji
Title: Impact of government support programmes on household welfare in the Limpopo province of South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study employed the compensation variation (CV) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods to analyse the impact of government support services and programmes on the welfare of households. The findings revealed that government support programmes, such as Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) support, social grants and government-subsidised houses, impact positively on the welfare of households in low- and middle-income classes in the Limpopo province. The findings further revealed that welfare gains of households in the low-income category are higher than those of households in the middle-income category. Moreover, it was found that the ownership of assets such as a television or a motor vehicle, which are associated with routine maintenance, monthly subscription fees, fuel and other costs, significantly reduce the welfare of households in the low- and middle-income categories. The study concludes that these programmes should be sustained and extended to other non-beneficiary households if the aim is to improve household welfare and better the standards of living.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 937-952
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1757414
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1757414
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Precious Tirivanhu
Author-X-Name-First: Precious
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu
Title: A realist assessment of the facilitation process for improving social accountability by community based organizations
Abstract: 
 The poor performance by local government institutions in service delivery has contributed to the proliferation of community-based organisations (CBOs) in many African countries. This development is unfolding within the context of growth in the aspirations of people and societies for greater transparency, democracy and participatory management. Such a scenario calls for greater social accountability by CBOs. This paper applied a realist approach guided by an action research process to assess the facilitation of community scorecards in improving social accountability by CBOs using the REPAIR project in Zimbabwe as a case study. Focus was placed on understanding the generative mechanisms within specific contexts under which social accountability outcomes emanated. The paper identified key contextual drivers, generative mechanisms and key outcomes, consolidated into streams of Context-Mechanism-Output (C–M-O) configurations. The paper concludes with recommendations on the potential utility of the C–M-O configurations for future facilitation of social accountability interventions for CBOs.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 953-970
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1761295
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1761295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:6:p:953-970




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Rinie Schenck
Author-X-Name-First: Rinie
Author-X-Name-Last: Schenck
Title: Waste pickers in informal self-employment: Over-worked and on the breadline
Abstract: 
 Waste picking provides between 60 000 and 90 000 informal self-employment opportunities in South Africa. This study investigates the labour market of waste pickers in the Bellville CBD, highlighting their socio-economic vulnerability. Two-thirds had a previous formal sector job for an average three years. Forty per cent of these lost this job due to business layoffs. They earn on average approximately R2 900 per month, with 70% of them earning below the average. This is lower than the average income of R3 645 of the elementary occupation workers in the QLFS 2017 data. For the waste pickers, under-employment likelihood is the highest in the low-income method (26%), followed by the time-based method (24%), and over-qualification method (16%). Waste pickers provide an invaluable service to local authorities. Practitioners and policymakers need to urgently engage in facilitative processes to dignify their working conditions and value the work that they are doing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 971-996
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1770578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1770578
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michele Ruiters
Author-X-Name-First: Michele
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiters
Author-Name: Ailie Charteris
Author-X-Name-First: Ailie
Author-X-Name-Last: Charteris
Title: Gender equality in labour force participation, economic growth and development in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Studies in feminist literature have found that development effects gender equality in labour force participation, but gender equality has also been found to effect economic growth. These two streams of literature, however, lie largely distinct with few studies directly investigating the inter-relationships between development, growth and gender equality, and as such, this lack of knowledge curtails the development of appropriate policy. This study explores the effect of development on gender equality in labour force participation and the effect of this gender equality on economic growth in South Africa on a quarterly basis from 2008 to 18 using Autoregressive Distributive Lag models. Economic development is found to have a positive effect on gender equality in the long run while greater female participation in the labour market is found to have no effect on growth. These results suggest that further development should be prioritised to support gender parity in economic opportunities in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 997-1011
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1772042
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1772042
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:6:p:997-1011




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
Author-X-Name-First: Umakrishnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kollamparambil
Author-Name: Qaqambile Mathentamo
Author-X-Name-First: Qaqambile
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathentamo
Title: Subjective wellbeing inequality in South Africa 2008–14: An unconditional quantile decomposition analysis
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the sources of reduction in subjective wellbeing (SWB) inequality in South Africa over the period 2008–14. The unconditional quantile regression decomposition of mean gap finds differences in the effect of covariates along the SWB distribution, underlining the relevance of going beyond mean-based decomposition. Fall in SWB inequality is due to the increased level of SWB on the left-hand side of the distribution and a reduced level in the upper end of the distribution. Greater access to public amenities such as electricity and flushing toilets among those on the lower SWB distribution and lower returns to relative income and good health among those on the upper SWB spectrum can be said to be the major reasons for decline in SWB inequality. While the trend in returns to race has contributed to lower SWB inequality, employment stands out starkly as increasing inequality through both endowment and coefficient effect.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1012-1032
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799757
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:37:y:2020:i:6:p:1012-1032




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorren K. Haywood
Author-X-Name-First: Lorren K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Haywood
Author-Name: Karen Nortje
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Nortje
Author-Name: Gift Dafuleya
Author-X-Name-First: Gift
Author-X-Name-Last: Dafuleya
Author-Name: Tondani Nethengwe
Author-X-Name-First: Tondani
Author-X-Name-Last: Nethengwe
Author-Name: Fhatuwani Sumbana
Author-X-Name-First: Fhatuwani
Author-X-Name-Last: Sumbana
Title: An assessment for enhancing sustainability in rural tourism products in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Rural tourism contributes towards socio-economic development. In South Africa, rural areas experience significant development challenges with limited opportunities. Rural tourism as an instrumental tool against poverty requires rural tourism products to be not only viable but also sustainable. Presented is a sustainability assessment framework to assist South African enterprises to assess the sustainability of their rural tourism products (RTPs). The framework has two functions: it provides RTP operators with an understanding of all aspects of sustainability for which they are responsible and it provides indicators to measure the sustainability of the product. The indicators are presented as a sustainability scale that acts like a road map to enable operators to improve the sustainability of their RTPs in successive years. The intention and purpose of the framework is to ensure that sustainability is central to the operation of RTPs in South Africa thereby contributing toward sustainable development goals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1033-1050
Issue: 6
Volume: 37
Year: 2020
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1806784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1806784
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sören Scholvin
Author-X-Name-First: Sören
Author-X-Name-Last: Scholvin
Author-Name: Ivan Turok
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok
Author-Name: Anthony Black
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Javier Revilla Diez
Author-X-Name-First: Javier Revilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Diez
Title: New perspectives on value chains in sub-Saharan Africa
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1828831
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1828831
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reena das Nair
Author-X-Name-First: Reena
Author-X-Name-Last: das Nair
Author-Name: Namhla Landani
Author-X-Name-First: Namhla
Author-X-Name-Last: Landani
Title: New approaches to supermarket supplier development programmes in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Supermarkets are strong catalysts to stimulate the growth and development of suppliers of processed food and manufactured products in Southern Africa. This paper assesses the role of supermarkets and governments in developing supplier capabilities through supplier development programmes. In South Africa, a shift is evident in supplier development programmes by supermarkets away from mere compliance as part of black economic empowerment or social responsibility objectives, to more mutually beneficial, commercially oriented and long-term investments. There is still considerable scope to replicate, broaden and deepen these programmes, including extending them to the region. The paper draws lessons from the Namibian Retail Sector Charter as the first and only sector-wide intervention in the region that combines a voluntary code of conduct and supplier development commitments, with complementary support from the government. The paper also highlights interventions in South Africa and internationally on efforts to curb supermarket buyer power which negatively affects suppliers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 4-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1780565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1780565
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:4-20




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Visagie
Author-X-Name-First: Justin
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie
Author-Name: Ivan Turok
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok
Title: The contribution of services to international trade in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Services are the fastest growing portion of world trade and now account for nearly a quarter of global exports. This presents opportunities for emerging economies to adapt and enter new markets. Many countries in southern Africa have struggled to diversify from a heavy reliance on primary commodities towards manufacturing industries. Tradable services could contribute to economic growth and development by bolstering industrial capabilities, facilitating productivity growth, and contributing directly to exports. We examine evidence on international services trade for the Southern African Development Community between 1995 and 2012. Tradable services appear to have made a limited contribution to total trade for most countries, and there is little evidence of significant regional integration or specialisation in higher value-added activities. The role of tradable services is an important policy and research agenda that warrants much more attention all round.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 21-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834351
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthony Black
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Lawrence Edwards
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence
Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards
Author-Name: Faizel Ismail
Author-X-Name-First: Faizel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail
Author-Name: Brian Makundi
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Makundi
Author-Name: Mike Morris
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris
Title: The role of regional value chains in fostering regional integration in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Regional integration is making steady progress in Africa and a key objective is to improve the prospects for industrialisation by expanding the regional market. The paper draws on a combination of trade data analysis and industry case studies to better understand the links and synergies between regional value chains and regional integration. The trade data and case studies of two diverse sectors (garments and food retailing) demonstrate the expansion and diversity of regional trade and regional value chains in Ssouthern Africa. This increasingly diverse composition of regional exports is suggestive of an opportunity to further enhance industrial development through intra-regional trade. From a political economy perspective, the long term sustainability of Southern African regionalism will require that the benefits are widely spread. In turn this requires the recognition of the importance of regional industrial policy, which takes account of the dynamics driving global and regional value chains and facilitates regional linkages.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 39-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834354
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834354
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Justin
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Author-Name: Anthony Black
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Chelsea Markowitz
Author-X-Name-First: Chelsea
Author-X-Name-Last: Markowitz
Author-Name: Lorenza Monaco
Author-X-Name-First: Lorenza
Author-X-Name-Last: Monaco
Title: Regional integration, regional value chains and the automotive industry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 To date, regional automotive value chains have not developed to any significant extent in Africa. Growing demand for vehicles across the continent, closer economic integration and the desire on the part of some larger African countries to establish an automotive industry have improved prospects. But major obstacles remain: the political geography of the subcontinent and the tendency of the industry to cluster in a few locations indicate that many smaller countries are likely to miss out on attracting investments. This should not matter if they are attracting investment in other sectors. It does however imply that it is unlikely that the automotive industry will drive regional integration independently of a broader integration process which sees the development of regional value chains across a multitude of sectors helping to bind the continent into a larger common market.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 57-72
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1900788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1900788
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:57-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Grant
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant
Author-Name: Martin Oteng-Ababio
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Oteng-Ababio
Title: Formalising E-waste in Ghana: An emerging landscape of fragmentation and enduring barriers
Abstract: 
 Since 2016 Ghana has introduced several initiatives to formalise parts of the e-waste economy. This e-waste management system is based on the experiences, expert policy advice and partial funding from the Global North. Employing serial interviewing, we assess the rolling out of this formalisation pathway, the evolving e-waste management landscape and reflect on informal terrain’s reconstitution and remaining barriers, such as inadequate funding, low levels of awareness about informal e-waste management among policymakers and the general populace and inadequate training programmes to equip informal operators with technology. Several formal/informal economy overlaps are now visible in a ‘gray space.’ Some low-skilled e-waste work, ancillary collection services and workplaces are being upgraded and integrated but informal infrastructure remains very deficient. Downgrading of some e-waste work is taking place. Fragmentation of the main hub is occurring as rival informal operations continue in various locations, and new small ventures are emerging in peripheral locations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 73-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1823822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1823822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:73-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eduard Gargallo
Author-X-Name-First: Eduard
Author-X-Name-Last: Gargallo
Author-Name: Linus Kalvelage
Author-X-Name-First: Linus
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalvelage
Title: Integrating social-ecological systems and global production networks: local effects of trophy hunting in Namibian conservancies
Abstract: 
 In addition to wildlife conservation, Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programmes aim to foster regional development. To achieve this, communal areas couple to tourism Global Production Networks (GPN). In this paper, we conceptualise Namibian communal Conservancies as Social-Ecological Systems (SES) and combine the SES and GPN approaches to benefit from the SESF's explanatory power for ecological and social relationships at a local level as well as from the GPN grasp of global linkages. We analyse the impact of trophy hunting on three communal conservancies in Namibia: King Nehale, Nyae Nyae, and Ehi-Rovipuka. Although wildlife numbers in these conservancies have increased, positive economic impacts are often insufficient, unevenly distributed across regions, and parts of the population are excluded. At the same time, findings indicate that in some areas, where revenues are larger and population is smaller, benefits from hunting can be significant and can contribute to SES sustainability.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 87-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835608
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:87-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carolin Hulke
Author-X-Name-First: Carolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hulke
Author-Name: Jim Kariuki Kairu
Author-X-Name-First: Jim Kariuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Kairu
Author-Name: Javier Revilla Diez
Author-X-Name-First: Javier Revilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Diez
Title: Development visions, livelihood realities – how conservation shapes agricultural value chains in the Zambezi region, Namibia
Abstract: 
 In the Zambezi region, seemingly unrelated political visions propagate two development paths: nature conservation to promote tourism and Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), and agricultural intensification. This study examines the unintended interrelations between these top-down visions by linking upgrading possibilities in agricultural value chains (AVC) with livelihood strategies of farmers from a bottom-up perspective. The results are based on qualitative field research that explains the how and why of the emergence of multiple rural development trajectories. We operationalise upgrading as actual and aspirational hanging in, stepping up and stepping out strategies. Findings show that although farmers envision stepping up their agricultural activities to better position themselves in AVCs, they remain in a strategic hanging in or downgrading state due CBNRM-related institutions. Concluding, we propose implications for CBNRM that synthesise competing development visions with actual livelihoods realities through the acknowledgment of small-scale agrarian systems rather than the crowding out of such.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 104-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1838260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1838260
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gideon Hartmann
Author-X-Name-First: Gideon
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartmann
Author-Name: Innocent Mwaka
Author-X-Name-First: Innocent
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwaka
Author-Name: Peter Dannenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Dannenberg
Title: Large investments, small farmers: A financialisation perspective on value chains in a development corridor
Abstract: 
 Development corridors have recently gained momentum as territorial tools to attract flows of global capital into agricultural value chains. As this includes the controversial blending of public with private funding for investments into farmland, the integration of smallholders in large-scale operations is increasingly promoted as legitimatory practice. With this article, we discuss the role of finance in shaping such value chain arrangements. Using a spatially sensible financialisation perspective, we present two investment cases that have touched ground as reaction to the promotion of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). We assess how finance unfolded along territorial (corridor region and investment origin) and relational (investment chain and value chain) spatialities, to scrutinise the tensions and fragile outcomes that were co-constituted by mixed financial and moral investment imperatives. This helps to understand whether, why, and with what consequences smallholders can benefit from corridor-related investments.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 122-138
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799758
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:122-138




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sören Scholvin
Author-X-Name-First: Sören
Author-X-Name-Last: Scholvin
Author-Name: Moritz Breul
Author-X-Name-First: Moritz
Author-X-Name-Last: Breul
Title: An unexpected gateway: The particularities of Mauritius as a hub in oil and gas GPNs
Abstract: 
 The periphery of the world economy is integrated into global production networks (GPNs) by ‘gateways’. These are intermediary places from where transnational corporations organise their business activities in close cooperation with corporate service providers. Gateways may also serve as logistics nodes as well as sites of industrial processing and knowledge generation. While some claim that gateways are engines of growth, others argue that they prosper at the expense of peripheral places. The article applies these thoughts to Mauritius, oil and gas GPNs, and the gateway's impact upon sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis indicates that Mauritius holds a certain potential for logistics and corporate control. The island serves as a hub of service provision already today. Only its status as a tax haven has a negative effect on resource peripheries. Against the backdrop of these findings, the authors discuss whether gateways should be seen as drivers or obstacles of peripheral development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 139-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1749031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1749031
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:139-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annerie Botha
Author-X-Name-First: Annerie
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha
Author-Name: Sharon Ann Smulders
Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Smulders
Author-Name: Hermanus Adriaan Combrink
Author-X-Name-First: Hermanus Adriaan
Author-X-Name-Last: Combrink
Author-Name: Jacolize Meiring
Author-X-Name-First: Jacolize
Author-X-Name-Last: Meiring
Title: Challenges, barriers and policy development for South African SMMEs – does size matter?
Abstract: 
 This article provides an overview of the main initiatives undertaken by the South African government through policy development to assist small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs). The article considers SMME awareness and perceptions of these initiatives. Furthermore, SMME perceptions of the challenges, barriers and reasons for failure are analysed. Data obtained from the 2016 SAICA SMME study was used as a basis for the analysis of the SMME perceptions to establish if an entity’s size has any bearing on these. The findings indicated the size of the SMME does statistically affect their challenges, barriers and perceptions of the government.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 153-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1732872
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1732872
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:153-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lorren Kirsty Haywood
Author-X-Name-First: Lorren Kirsty
Author-X-Name-Last: Haywood
Author-Name: Mothusi Boihang
Author-X-Name-First: Mothusi
Author-X-Name-Last: Boihang
Title: Business and the SDGs: Examining the early disclosure of the SDGs in annual reports
Abstract: 
 The private sector has a critical role in terms of countries being able to meet the SDGs. We evaluate the extent to which South Africa’s top 100 listed companies have responded to the SDGs, through a review of their early disclosure of the SDGs in their annual reports. Of these companies, only 6% and 11% in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 financial year ends respectively have incorporated the SDGs into their business model and strategies as reported. Even though there was an increase between the years, it was noted that only 2% of the companies in 2017 communicated how they incorporated and prioritised the SDGs within their business model and value creation proposition in their Integrated Report specifically. Without a defined business case for the adoption of the SDGs into business, the uptake will continue to be slower than required for the contribution of business in meeting the SDGs to be realised.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 175-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:175-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sheliza Bhanjee
Author-X-Name-First: Sheliza
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhanjee
Author-Name: Sumei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Sumei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Do urban planning and sprawl affect social vulnerability? An assessment of Dar es Salaam
Abstract: 
 This study explores connections between urban planning, sprawl, and social vulnerability factors in the Sub-Saharan context with the aim to investigate the influence of broader planning and land use aspects in quantitative urban social vulnerability assessment. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania serves as the study area because of its substantial informal development, sprawling, and availability of reliable datasets for recent years. Two main research questions are proposed: does urban planning reduce social vulnerability (measured by quality of life and mobility) and does urban sprawl contribute to social vulnerability in this city? Results indicate formally planned urban areas are associated with higher levels of quality of life and mobility. Further results indicate no significant impact of sprawl on social vulnerability factors of residents in the general urban areas of Dar es Salaam, however, informal sprawl is linked to higher social vulnerability.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 189-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818549
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:189-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regina Neudert
Author-X-Name-First: Regina
Author-X-Name-Last: Neudert
Author-Name: Lutz Philip Hecker
Author-X-Name-First: Lutz Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Hecker
Author-Name: Henintsoa Randrianarison
Author-X-Name-First: Henintsoa
Author-X-Name-Last: Randrianarison
Author-Name: Susanne Kobbe
Author-X-Name-First: Susanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Kobbe
Title: Are smallholders disadvantaged by ‘double sell low, buy high’ dynamics on rural markets in Madagascar?
Abstract: 
 Local markets in rural areas constitute the main means of market integration for smallholders in developing countries. They are used for selling and buying agricultural products and basic necessities. Frequently infrastructure is poor and transport costs high so that farmers’ access is restricted to few local markets. To understand local market dynamics we investigated the Mahafaly Plateau region in Madagascar as an example of a rural region in a developing country, where farmers depend on small local markets. We collected data on usage of markets and monitored prices for crops and livestock for two years on five markets. We find an extreme seasonality of market prices for crops and livestock. Given prevailing marketing strategies and price dynamics, farmers face a ‘double sell low, buy high’ challenge for crops and livestock leading to welfare losses, increased food insecurity and seasonal hunger.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 208-229
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818550
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:208-229




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ndeyapo Nickanor
Author-X-Name-First: Ndeyapo
Author-X-Name-Last: Nickanor
Author-Name: Lawrence N. Kazembe
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazembe
Author-Name: Jonathan Crush
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Crush
Author-Name: Jeremy Wagner
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner
Title: Revisiting the African supermarket revolution: The case of Windhoek, Namibia
Abstract: 
 Africa is rapidly urbanising and urban food systems are being transformed. Some have argued that this transformation is driven by a supermarket revolution akin to that in North America, Europe and Latin America. Others suggest that the supermarket revolution model oversimplifies complex African realities and that urban food systems are experiencing uneven supermarket penetration in the face of resilient informal food sectors. This paper focuses on Windhoek, Namibia, showing that the city’s food system is dominated by South African and local supermarket chains. Since the end of apartheid, South African supermarket chains have expanded their operations into Namibia. Supermarket domination of Windhoek’s urban food system is a function of proximity of South Africa and integration into South African supply chains. In other African countries, supermarket penetration has been much slower and is even being reversed. Explanations for uneven penetration in different countries require greater contextualisation and more case study research.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 230-247
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1819774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1819774
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glenda Kruss
Author-X-Name-First: Glenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Kruss
Author-Name: Moses Sithole
Author-X-Name-First: Moses
Author-X-Name-Last: Sithole
Author-Name: Yasser Buchana
Author-X-Name-First: Yasser
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchana
Title: Towards an indicator of R&D and human development
Abstract: 
 To measure policy progress, one key science, technology and innovation indicator has long captured the imagination of policy makers: gross domestic R&D expenditure as a proportion of the gross domestic product of a country. However, African development challenges inform new policy commitments to orient STI towards inclusive and sustainable development. Such dynamics led us to question how the prevailing STI measurement frameworks need to change. A starting point is to add a complementary measure: how can existing methods be used to assess and track the gross domestic R&D expenditure oriented to drive equitable and inclusive human development? The paper aims to design such a complementary indicator using existing national R&D datasets collected in line with the Frascati guidelines. We focus our experimentation in the South African context, with a view to generalising new measures to the sub-Saharan African context over the longer term.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 248-263
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1824767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1824767
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melodi Botha
Author-X-Name-First: Melodi
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha
Author-Name: Marthi Pohl
Author-X-Name-First: Marthi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pohl
Author-Name: Lubinda Mubita
Author-X-Name-First: Lubinda
Author-X-Name-Last: Mubita
Title: Modelling the relationship between prior entrepreneurial exposure, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial action using neural networks
Abstract: 
 Previous work on the relationships between entrepreneurship education, prior entrepreneurial exposure and entrepreneurial action has resulted in mixed findings. However, this work typically relies on linear models which may not adequately account for the relationships. Therefore, we explore artificial neural networks (ANN) to test non-linear relationships and compare these results with a linear regression model to understand the previous mixed findings. Data from 125 entrepreneurship graduates in Zambia revealed that a non-linear model best explained the variation in entrepreneurial action, whereby the relationship was cubic. These results explain some of the previously mixed findings and demonstrate the importance of educators, policy makers and scholars paying attention to non-linear relationships when aiming to promote and further understand entrepreneurship. Therefore, this paper has implications for educational initiatives aiming to augment entrepreneurship education, while also contributing to the development of theory explicating the relationship between entrepreneurial exposure, education and action.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 264-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1826291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1826291
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chibuikem C. Nnaeme
Author-X-Name-First: Chibuikem C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nnaeme
Title: How cash transfers activate beneficiaries’ decision-making in livelihood activities: A case of Soweto, South Africa
Abstract: 
 There is a growing pool of evidence showing that cash transfers can promote livelihood activities. Yet there has been limited empirical studies that explore how financial support influences beneficiaries’ decision-making in the construction and operation of livelihood activities in an urban context. This study presents findings from qualitative research conducted in a poor urban community in South Africa. Structuration theory provides an analytical tool to understand how cash transfers enable decision-making of beneficiaries in livelihood activities. The study finds that beneficiaries make different types of initial and ongoing decisions to improve their socio-economic condition. Among the contributions of this paper is that it counters the cynicism that is usually attached to cash transfers. The study’s implications include the incorporation of both social and economic goals in the design of social protection policies as well as the need for greater recognition of the role of the informal economy in eradicating poverty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 282-296
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834352
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:282-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Thompson
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson
Author-Name: Kovin Naidoo
Author-X-Name-First: Kovin
Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo
Author-Name: Carmen Gonzalez-Alvarez
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Alvarez
Author-Name: Geoff Harris
Author-X-Name-First: Geoff
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris
Author-Name: James Loughman
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Loughman
Title: Willingness to pay for improved vision in Mozambique
Abstract: 
 The burden of vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error (needing spectacles) in Mozambique is known to be significant. To improve the planning and provision of eye health services, a better understanding of how vision is valued by patients is needed. The willingness to pay (WTP) for improved vision through correcting refractive error was investigated in Nampula, Mozambique, using stated choice and bidding game methodologies. The mean WTP values were found to be 388.92 Meticals (US$13) for stated choice and 469.89 Meticals (US$16) for the bidding game. The mean WTP values for rural dwellers were found to be lower than responses from those living in urban areas. If avoidable vision impairment is to be addressed in Mozambique, the cost of services must not be a barrier and the construction of a sustainable spectacle system that delivers for both rural and urban patients must be a priority.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 297-310
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835607
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Segun Thompson Bolarinwa
Author-X-Name-First: Segun Thompson
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolarinwa
Author-Name: Xuan Vinh Vo
Author-X-Name-First: Xuan Vinh
Author-X-Name-Last: Vo
Author-Name: Toyin Joseph Olufolahan
Author-X-Name-First: Toyin Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Olufolahan
Title: The effect of financial development on income inequality in Africa
Abstract: 
 Extant studies on the relationship between financial development and inequality have largely adopted single financial indicators especially the private credit/GDP. Unlike these works, the present study adopts a robust total financial development indicator based on four mainstays of financial development of financial deepening, efficiency, stability and access following the World Bank recommendation on the measurement of financial development. Using this measure, the paper examines the relationship in 40 African countries. The empirical results confirm the findings of extant studies that the ratio of private credit to GDP increases inequality in high, middle-low and low-income countries. The total financial development, however, reports mixed evidence. While this measure reduces inequality in high and middle-low income countries, it does not affect inequality in low-income countries. Also, the study finds evidence of a nonlinear relationship only among the low-income countries. The paper recommends that policymakers should formulate wholesome policies that cut across all mainstays of financial development to reduce inequality, particularly, in high and middle-low African countries. Also, policymakers are advised to increase growth in low-income countries so that financial development could reduce inequality. At most, these countries should pay less attention to financial development for inequality-reduction policies among low-income countries.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 311-329
Issue: 2
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1838261
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1838261
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:311-329




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bongane C. Ntiwane
Author-X-Name-First: Bongane C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntiwane
Author-Name: Johnny P. V. V. Coetzee
Author-X-Name-First: Johnny P. V. V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee
Title: What could improve or hinder the implementation of spatial planning towards environmental justice?
Abstract: 
 The failure of spatial planning implementation (SPI) in local municipalities contributes to the growing call for spatial planning reform and overhaul. Some barriers and enablers to the implementation of spatial planning are salient both in theory and practice. However, it remains unknown and unconfirmed whether these factors could enhance or impede the implementation of spatial planning in pursuit of environmental justice (EJ). EJ calls for equality in spatial transformation to bridge the gap between fragmented development and existing spatial patterns. The text addresses the question of what factors are perceived to enhance or impede strategies of SPI whilst promoting environmental justice. The study adopts a mixed research strategy, which is applied to a sample of municipalities in six provinces of South Africa. The results reveal that there are various barriers and enablers that can promote or hinder the process of improving SPI in an attempt to facilitate and maintain EJ.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 404-422
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1847046
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1847046
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:404-422




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sydney Kapembwa
Author-X-Name-First: Sydney
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapembwa
Author-Name: Alan Gardiner
Author-X-Name-First: Alan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardiner
Author-Name: Jón Geir Pétursson
Author-X-Name-First: Jón Geir
Author-X-Name-Last: Pétursson
Title: Small-scale fishing: Income, vulnerability and livelihood strategies at Lake Itezhi-Tezhi, Zambia
Abstract: 
 There is still a need for appropriate livelihood strategies to improve livelihoods of small-scale fishers, despite several roles the African inland fisheries play to fishers’ wellbeing. This study assessed the nexus between small-scale fishing and fishers’ livelihoods at Lake Itezhi-Tezhi, Zambia. Using the mixed-methods approach under a sustainable livelihood framework, findings revealed the fishing income was insufficient to improve their livelihood assets due to the low fish catches per fisher. Deficiency in fishing income was compounded by fishers’ vulnerability to shocks caused mainly by the effects of the closed fishing season and crop/livestock production failures. As such, the study suggests, among other strategies, the support of fishery stakeholders towards alternative income sources and development of a livelihood-inclusive fisheries policy framework to help enhance the livelihoods of fishers at Lake Itezhi-Tezhi fishery. Beyond this lake fishery, this study contributes similar strategies as lessons for addressing the fishers’ livelihood challenges and promoting sustainable fishing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 331-352
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1746636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1746636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:331-352




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: André C Jordaan
Author-X-Name-First: André C
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordaan
Title: BRICS – quo vadis?
Abstract: 
 The BRICS countries gained importance on the international stage with two opposing scenarios from the literature dictating discussions. The first proclaimed that BRICS would become a major economic force globally, while the second perceived it as a mere symbolic type of gesture with minimal impact. Based on this, should the group be able to fully converge and unite, the first may become true, but if the second narrative becomes reality, the group may diverge with limited impact globally. To become an economic entity that has significant influence in international affairs, unity rather than diversity is imperative. Following a desk-top literature approach in this study, it seems to indicate that BRICS forms a heterogeneous coalition, focussed on advancing members’ individual, rather than collective interest, using the benefit of being aligned with a potential economic powerhouse. Therefore, it seems as if the second scenario, seems more plausible.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 454-468
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870932
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:454-468




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neil Garrod
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrod
Author-Name: Angelique Wildschut
Author-X-Name-First: Angelique
Author-X-Name-Last: Wildschut
Title: How large is the missing middle and what would it cost to fund?
Abstract: 
 The concept of the missing middle has gained currency within South African post-school education and training (PSET) discourse in recent years. The term has been defined as representing those too wealthy to benefit from National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) funding, but who struggle to afford higher education. The missing middle currently refers to those students from households with incomes between R350 000 and R600 000. Whilst some 6% of South African households have incomes between R350 000 and R600 000, differing participation rates and average household income levels, amongst students from different race groups result in an estimated size of the missing middle in 2019 of 343 000 students out of a total PSET population of 1.4 m. The cost of funding full bursaries for all these students at 2019 prices is estimated at R19.2 bn. If a sliding scale of support is introduced, the total cost falls to R11.4 bn.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 484-491
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:484-491




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moses M. Sithole
Author-X-Name-First: Moses M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sithole
Author-Name: Yasser Buchana
Author-X-Name-First: Yasser
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchana
Title: Effects of innovation activities on employment growth in upper-middle-income countries with high unemployment rates
Abstract: 
 Although previous studies have tried to estimate the impact of innovation on employment growth at the firm level in developed economies, very few studies have investigated this phenomenon in contexts of developing countries with high unemployment rates. This study builds on an existing multi-product approach to develop an econometric model, which analyses the relationship between innovation and employment growth rate at firm level. The analysis of the data indicates that sales growth of new to firm and new to market products have a positive (increasing) effect on employment growth for manufacturing but not the services sectors. On the other hand, overall, process innovations have a negative (decreasing) effect on employment growth, for both the manufacturing and service sectors. The study contributes to the scarce empirical literature in sub-Saharan Africa, by assessing the impact of innovation on employment at firm level using innovation data from CIS-type surveys.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 371-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796595
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:371-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carin Combrinck
Author-X-Name-First: Carin
Author-X-Name-Last: Combrinck
Author-Name: Timme-Loïse Nortjé
Author-X-Name-First: Timme-Loïse
Author-X-Name-Last: Nortjé
Title: Activating the edge: the university campus as anchor institution
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the architectural manifestation required for the establishment of the university as anchor institution in South Africa. Through an historical review of campus architecture and planning, an understanding is gained of the development of current thought associated with the exclusivity of the institution. The insularity of current campus architecture has allowed for seclusion within the knowledge environment. The paradigm of current campus design and architecture within South Africa is analysed as possible informants to design these relevant facilities. Service learning can facilitate the exchange of knowledge to not only contribute to the communities surrounding universities, but add to the research and relevance of our institutions within the urban environment. The exchange of knowledge can become a bridge between town and gown. Through a comprehension of the spatial requirements of such a facility, architecture can contribute to the accessibility, legibility and transparency of the institution.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 353-370
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760083
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:353-370




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Theodore S. Petrus
Author-X-Name-First: Theodore S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrus
Title: Addressing crime, violence and socio-spatial deprivation in a vulnerable community: An interdisciplinary perspective on the safety and peace through urban upgrading (spuu) initiative in Helenvale, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Abstract: 
 In 2012, the South African and German governments agreed to embark on a co-operative initiative to enhance violence and crime prevention in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. This initiative culminated in the Safety and Peace through Urban Upgrading (SPUU) programme, which was to be implemented in the community of Helenvale in Port Elizabeth. This article presents an interdisciplinary perspective on this initiative to determine its effectiveness in addressing crime, violence, socio-economic and spatial deprivation in the Helenvale community. Helenvale is afflicted by various challenges relating to crime and violence, but the most significant of these is undoubtedly gangsterism. The community has the dubious distinction of being perceived as the centre of gangsterism in the entire city. The importance of space and social marginalisation and the influence of these on violence and crime are explored. The authors employ anthropological, criminological and socio-spatial analytical approaches to interrogate the SPUU initiative, and, where necessary, suggest possible areas for revision or improvement in order to identify alternative ways to improve safety and the quality of life of the Helenvale community.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 469-483
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1879628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1879628
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:469-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yusuf Kiwala
Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiwala
Author-Name: Johan Olivier
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier
Author-Name: Ismail Kintu
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail
Author-X-Name-Last: Kintu
Title: Entrepreneurial competence and supply chain value creation in local procurement
Abstract: 
 The purpose of the study was to investigate how resource-constrained suppliers that are participating in local procurement create supply chain value. The study investigated supply chain performance by testing the relationship between entrepreneurial competences and supply chain value. Feedback from a cross-sectional survey of 294 suppliers in construction, furniture and fitting and agricultural sector was utilised to test hypothesised relationships. The study employed factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to conduct analysis. The results revealed that building value-driven supply chains in Uganda's local procurement context requires specific competences that have an integrative role. The competences that are valued in integrating local supply chain activities include; opportunity competence and commitment competence. Both innovativeness and analytical competences are not common among local entrepreneurs. Focus should be given to developing competences in identifying and developing new market opportunities, establishing and managing long term relationships with suppliers and integrating new supply chain actors.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 423-436
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1855117
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1855117
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:423-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Buyinza Faisal
Author-X-Name-First: Buyinza
Author-X-Name-Last: Faisal
Author-Name: Jakob Kapella
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapella
Author-Name: Senono Vicent
Author-X-Name-First: Senono
Author-X-Name-Last: Vicent
Title: Household air pollution and household health in Uganda
Abstract: 
 We investigate the impact of household air pollution on household health outcomes using the Uganda National Household Survey (2017) and employ a probit model with selection. Results reveal that exposure to household air pollution is significantly associated with cough and fever incidences among household members, with the young ones being more vulnerable. Also, low education level of household head, cooking indoors in a living house, and poverty significantly increases chances of contracting cough and fever. Also, findings show that having a separate indoor built kitchen, high education, being male, residing in urban areas and staying in the northern and western regions significantly reduce the likelihood of contracting cough and fever. Thus, strategies for behavioural interventions such as promoting outdoor cooking and raising awareness of the health hazards associated with household air pollution, good household planning and adoption of clean fuel could be a promising path for policy makers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 437-453
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1856039
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1856039
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:437-453




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lochner Marais
Author-X-Name-First: Lochner
Author-X-Name-Last: Marais
Author-Name: Molefi Lenka
Author-X-Name-First: Molefi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenka
Title: Urban housing for rural peasants: Farmworker housing in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Farmworkers seldom experience place attachment and frequently suffer from social disruption. In South Africa in 1998 one thousand farmworker families were assisted by their employers, via the government’s Housing Subsidy Programme, to access housing in the nearest urban area. We investigated whether their ownership of urban housing did indeed create stability through place attachment, asset building and integration into the community. We discussed this with 32 of these relocated farmworkers in four focus groups and interviewed five key informants. We found little evidence of place attachment or stability and it appeared that discrimination against these farmworkers was reinforcing social disruption.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 391-403
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796596
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:3:p:391-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Magidi
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Magidi
Author-Name: Innocent T. Mahiya
Author-X-Name-First: Innocent T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahiya
Title: Rethinking training: the role of the informal sector in skills acquisition and development in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Training and skills acquisition have received widespread approval as one of the most important steps towards achieving human, organisational and national development. They are largely regarded as tools to fight poverty, inequality and unemployment. In Zimbabwe, the post-independence government has been heavily investing in formal training: primary, secondary and tertiary education. However, despite the critical role that formal training plays, we discovered that the informal economy is also playing an equally important part in providing skills especially to the disadvantaged groups of society. We use data collected from Norton and Harare to demonstrate the importance of informal sector training in building skills. We also identify lack of recognition as one of the challenges that informal training programmes encounter. We conclude by arguing for the introduction of skills assessment and standardisation initiatives to improve the quality of the skills and products generated from the sector to boost its recognition and competitiveness.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 509-523
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799759
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:509-523




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lillian Mookodi
Author-X-Name-First: Lillian
Author-X-Name-Last: Mookodi
Title: Decomposition analysis of the Gini coefficient of consumer expenditures in Botswana
Abstract: 
 Using the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey (BCWIS) and 2015/16 Botswana Multi-Topic Household Survey (BMTHS) datasets, this article discusses inequality in food and non-food expenses in Botswana using the Lerman & Yitzhaki [1984. A note in the calculation and interpretation of the Gini Index. Economics Letters 15, 363–8] inequality decomposition method. The main aim is to investigate how aggregate consumption inequality translates into inequality within each spending component, in order to better understand the distribution of resources held, as well as the population's living standards, and to make recommendations on redistributive government policies. The means, standard errors, and confidence intervals for the component Gini coefficients estimates are also calculated using a simple bootstrap method. The average Gini coefficient of consumption expenditure within the groups increased from 0.498 to 0.533 between 2009/10 and 2015/16, according to the findings. This increase in total expenditure inequality may be due to the increased burden of non-food spending in the household budget, which is more unequal than food spending. Food and clothes & footwear have lower Gini coefficients than other goods since they are considered necessities. Finally, this article suggests several policy options for reducing consumption expenditure inequality.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 622-642
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1912587
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1912587
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:622-642




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanusha Raniga
Author-X-Name-First: Tanusha
Author-X-Name-Last: Raniga
Title: Role of economic development cooperatives in improving the livelihoods of women in Gauteng, South Africa
Abstract: 
 It is widely acknowledged that the limitations of neoliberal politics and economic globalisation have contributed to feminisation of poverty in Global South countries. The implementation of cooperatives has played a visible role in localising the economy and addressing poverty amongst women. This paper attempts to advance empirical evidence in the field of social development and feminisation of poverty. Using qualitative methodology, I present evidence from eight women who were involved in a sewing cooperative in the province of Gauteng, South Africa. Underscored by the sustainable livelihood approach, this article presents three interconnected themes: human capital development, building social capital and striving for economic capital. Ultimately this cooperative project presents a positive social development strategy that community development practitioners can embrace to assist women to work towards sustainability of their livelihood activities in the informal economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 591-606
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906628
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:591-606




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harris Maduku
Author-X-Name-First: Harris
Author-X-Name-Last: Maduku
Author-Name: Irrshad Kaseeram
Author-X-Name-First: Irrshad
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaseeram
Title: Success indicators among black owned informal Small Micro and Medium Enterprises’ (SMMEs) in South Africa
Abstract: 
 South Africa lags behind among other developing and emerging market economies on business start-ups. Businesses that fail in a year is averaging between 50% and 60%, a ﬁgure quite high for a country struggling with achieving sustainable economic growth to reduce unemployment, inequality and poverty. This study identifies issues hurting SMMEs that need attention from both businesses themselves as well as from policymakers. The objective of this study is to identify key business success determinants using cross-sectional data that was randomly collected from informal businesses in Johannesburg/Pretoria in South Africa from 390 informal SMMEs. Using assets ownership as a yardstick for success in an ordered logistic regression, the study finds education status, income, employment growth, centre of operation, ﬁnancial inclusion, experience, ﬁnancial literacy and advertising budget were signiﬁcant in explaining assets ownership (success) in South Africa. This study recommends that the government through its various institutions that deal speciﬁcally with small businesses come up with radical business training programmes so as to improve the ﬁnance literacy among small business. Also, small business owners should budget to fund their advertising budgets since it is found that advertising has a positive impact of ﬁrm success.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 664-682
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913997
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913997
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuzana Brixiová Schwidrowski
Author-X-Name-First: Zuzana
Author-X-Name-Last: Brixiová Schwidrowski
Author-Name: Susumu Imai
Author-X-Name-First: Susumu
Author-X-Name-Last: Imai
Author-Name: Thierry Kangoye
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry
Author-X-Name-Last: Kangoye
Author-Name: Nadege Desiree Yameogo
Author-X-Name-First: Nadege Desiree
Author-X-Name-Last: Yameogo
Title: Assessing gender gaps in employment and earnings in Africa: The case of Eswatini
Abstract: 
 Persistent gender gaps characterise labour markets in many African countries. Utilising Eswatini’s first three labour market surveys (conducted in 2007, 2010, and 2013), this paper provides first systematic evidence on the country’s gender gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though the global financial crisis had a less negative impact on women than it had on men. Both unadjusted and unexplained gender earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies supporting female higher education and rural-urban mobility could reduce persistent inequalities in Eswatini’s labour market outcomes as well as in other middle-income countries in southern Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 643-663
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913996
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913996
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:643-663




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Pieterse
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Pieterse
Author-Name: Jacques du Toit
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: du Toit
Author-Name: Willemien van Niekerk
Author-X-Name-First: Willemien
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk
Title: Climate change adaptation mainstreaming in the planning instruments of two South African local municipalities
Abstract: 
 This article reflects on the role of urban planning in climate change adaptation and the role of planning instruments in facilitating the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation. An analytical framework is introduced to analyse primary spatial and integrated planning instruments in the City of Cape Town and Thulamela Local Municipality in South Africa, as comparative cases with core similarities and contextual differences. The findings are discussed in terms of where adaptation should be included throughout the planning process and the extent to which the cases have been able to mainstream climate change adaptation within their planning instruments. The findings show that local municipal plans and policies are recognising the impact of climate change on settlements and the role of planning in responding to these impacts. However, there is little evidence of addressing these long-term impacts through programmatic and coherent approaches using short- to medium-term planning instruments.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 493-508
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760790
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1760790
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:493-508




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adeola Oyenubi
Author-X-Name-First: Adeola
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyenubi
Title: Who benefits from the South African Child Support Grant?: The role of gender and birthweight
Abstract: 
 Several studies have suggested that the South African Child Support Grant (CSG) reduces stunting in benefiting children. However, all of these studies have estimated the impact of the CSG on the mean of the height-for-age distribution. This paper investigates how this benefit varies across the quantiles of the height-for-age distribution. The result suggests that the positive effect at the mean is driven by children in the high quantiles and this group of children are more likely to be girls and children that did not experience low birthweight at birth. I argue that the CSG has not been able to address the malnutrition inequality that disadvantage male children and children born with low birthweight.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 539-563
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:539-563




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan Mbithe Matiku
Author-X-Name-First: Susan Mbithe
Author-X-Name-Last: Matiku
Author-Name: Jethro Zuwarimwe
Author-X-Name-First: Jethro
Author-X-Name-Last: Zuwarimwe
Author-Name: Ndivhuwo Tshipala
Author-X-Name-First: Ndivhuwo
Author-X-Name-Last: Tshipala
Title: Sustainable tourism planning and management for sustainable livelihoods
Abstract: 
 Communities play an important role in the process of tourism development and their support is essential for the development, planning and successful operation of tourism development, and for attainment of sustainable livelihoods. Community-driven tourism projects are supposed to benefit the community and contribute to their livelihoods. However, the majority of community-driven tourism projects ultimately do not benefit communities because of poorly or mismanaged institutional structures. This paper presents a review of various planning and management strategies that have been used for community-driven tourism projects and also identifies some case studies where applications of some of these strategies have worked. Critical sustainable tourism indicators were adopted to provide the basis for a stakeholder-oriented model for community-driven tourism projects. Furthermore, an all-stakeholder-oriented model is proposed where the community is at the centre with an element of co-management with other sectors, bearing in mind the sustainability of communities’ livelihoods.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 524-538
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1801386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1801386
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:524-538




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Logan Rangasamy
Author-X-Name-First: Logan
Author-X-Name-Last: Rangasamy
Title: Healthcare price changes and expenditures in South Africa: Some implications for economic policy
Abstract: 
 Healthcare systems around the world are facing great challenges. This has included rising health care prices and its impact on healthcare expenditures and the concomitant effects on access to healthcare, particularly in emerging and developing countries. This study focuses on health care price developments and health expenditures in South Africa. The study identifies four major results. Firstly, South Africa’s healthcare expenditures compare quite favourably with countries at similar levels of development. However, the efficiency of these expenditures lags those in comparable countries. Secondly, it was found that South Africa’s healthcare price rises have exceeded those in advanced countries even though healthcare demand and expenditures in these countries are much higher than is the case in South Africa. Thirdly, healthcare rises exceeds those in other sectors of the South African economy. Finally, healthcare price changes adversely impact healthcare expenditures in South Africa. These results indicate that price considerations are critical to improving healthcare access in South Africa. The paper also highlights some non-price determinants of healthcare access that warrant attention by policymakers in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 607-621
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1907176
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1907176
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:607-621




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z. Robinson
Author-X-Name-First: Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson
Author-Name: J. De Beer
Author-X-Name-First: J.
Author-X-Name-Last: De Beer
Title: Revisiting corporate income tax determinants in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The corporate income tax (CIT) systems of developing countries can potentially be contributors or impediments to their economic development. This is especially relevant in the SADC region that has a set agenda regarding regional integration goals, and where the guiding principle is tax harmonisation that benefits all members through tax reform efforts. Despite the importance of the topic, empirical literature remains scant, and this paper attempted to revisit the CIT determinants in the SADC region. Having a larger database at their disposal, the authors could update the existing empirical literature. The sample period of the study included the commodity booms and slumps following the global financial crises, and illustrated the varying fortunes of developing countries in general, and the SADC specifically. Furthermore, given the lower economic growth, together with the variable commodity prices since 2008, there is a concern that corporate tax revenue may continue to erode. A cross-section panel was utilised to determine those factors that may best explain changes in corporate taxes in Southern Africa over the period of time from 1980 to 2017.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 564-579
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1842175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1842175
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:564-579




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gift Benzile Nyathi
Author-X-Name-First: Gift Benzile
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyathi
Author-Name: Shynet Chivasa
Author-X-Name-First: Shynet
Author-X-Name-Last: Chivasa
Title: An investigation into the effect of budget deficit on the economic performance of Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 The study investigated the impact of budget deficit on the economic performance of Zimbabwe for the period 2000–16. Using secondary data sourced from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Zimbabwe National Statistics Agents (ZIMSTATS), World Bank and the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) websites, the study estimated the relationship between budget deficit and economic performance using ordinary least squares (OLS) methods. The estimated results revealed a negative and significant relationship between budget deficit and economic performance in Zimbabwe. The study inferred that Zimbabwe’s huge budget deficit could be driven by recurrent expenditure such as salaries. We recommend the need for the government to have fiscal discipline and to channel resources towards the productive sectors of the economy such as capital projects for long term development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 580-590
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1845123
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1845123
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:4:p:580-590




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C. McCordic
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: McCordic
Author-Name: L. Riley
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Riley
Author-Name: I. Raimundo
Author-X-Name-First: I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Raimundo
Title: Household food security in Maputo: the role of Gendered Access to education and employment
Abstract: 
 Gender-based structural inequalities in Southern African cities continue to drive poverty and food insecurity in spite of decades of development efforts to raise the social, economic, and political status of women relative to men. A 2014 survey of household food security in Maputo found that female headship is closely associated with food insecurity. This article assesses the role of employment and education in explaining this phenomenon in the city of Maputo. Using household survey data, this investigation defines the extent to which the relationship between the sex of the household head and food insecurity appears to be conditionally dependent upon employment and education. The findings provide further impetus to urban policy makers to operationalise gender equality goals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 816-827
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932423
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932423
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:816-827




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calvin Mudzingiri
Author-X-Name-First: Calvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudzingiri
Title: The impact of financial literacy on risk seeking and patient attitudes of university students
Abstract: 
 The study investigates the impact of financial literacy on risk preference and time preference choices of university students. The study collected data using a questionnaire, implemented a multiple price lists experiment, and administered a financial literacy test. A maximum of 7680 risk preference and 7680 time preference choices were elicited from the subjects. The study used a maximum likelihood joint estimation on an expected utility exponential function on homogeneous and heterogeneous preferences of students. Research results show that financial literacy significantly influenced risk and time preferences of university students with low financial literacy. The study also found significant risk aversion and impatience on homogenous preference choices of students. Structural behavioural errors were significant for the risk preference and time preference tasks choices. An increase in financial literacy is associated with risk seeking and patient attitudes among university students. These traits are associated with better life outcomes of citizens.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 845-861
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945431
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945431
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:845-861




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Weliswa Matekenya
Author-X-Name-First: Weliswa
Author-X-Name-Last: Matekenya
Author-Name: Clement Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Clement
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Author-Name: Leward Jeke
Author-X-Name-First: Leward
Author-X-Name-Last: Jeke
Title: Financial inclusion and human development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 Despite the rapid economic growth recorded since the 1990s, inequality, poverty and unemployment levels remain high in most African countries. As such, achieving socio-economic goals has been the major focus of policymakers. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of financial inclusion on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Access to and usage of financial services may encourage business start-ups, allow individuals to invest in health and education, manage risk and lessen the burden of financial shocks, and therefore, impact positively on human development. The study employs the panel data approach and utilises the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique. The results show that financial inclusion has a positive effect on human development. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers implement measures that reduce the costs of access to and usage of financial services, such as investments in infrastructure, and raise awareness of the available financial services.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 683-700
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799760
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:683-700




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Megan BJ Carswell
Author-X-Name-First: Megan BJ
Author-X-Name-Last: Carswell
Author-Name: Roseanne Harris
Author-X-Name-First: Roseanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Harris
Author-Name: Timmy-Leigh Brand
Author-X-Name-First: Timmy-Leigh
Author-X-Name-Last: Brand
Author-Name: Simran Mehta
Author-X-Name-First: Simran
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta
Author-Name: Shannon Rabinowitz
Author-X-Name-First: Shannon
Author-X-Name-Last: Rabinowitz
Author-Name: Mark N van der Westhuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Mark N
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Westhuizen
Title: A costing model for the South African social assistance system
Abstract: 
 An effective social assistance system needs to be sustainable and affordable and needs to provide good coverage and adequate benefits. The authors’ model to forecast the cost of the South African social assistance system to 2040 provides insights into key cost drivers. This allows policy-makers to explore the effects of policy levers like benefit levels and coverage. Using assumptions derived from analysis of past experience, the model projects that the cost of grants as a percentage of GDP is expected to remain stable. However, this result is very sensitive to GDP forecasts, coverage, grant increases and changes to the retirement age. The following factors are less significant: changes to age-eligibility requirements for child benefits, proportions of benefits paid, expense inflation and population model.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 701-716
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835609
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tlou Millicent Ramoroka
Author-X-Name-First: Tlou Millicent
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka
Title: Prospects of successful blended pedagogies in South Africa: Planning, governance and infrastructure considerations
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this paper is to evaluate South Africa’s implementation of educational Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which is led by Gauteng and the Western Cape Provinces, for participation in the global knowledge economy. Accordingly, the two provinces are in the forefront of educational ICT implementation aimed at preparing learners for participation in the global knowledge economy and national development. The paper uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to examine South Africa in comparison with fourteen developing countries to establish that its approach towards implementation of educational technology is not appropriate, sustainable nor effective for a developing country. Experiences of developing countries such as Vietnam, Zambia and Kenya, which are in the medium and low Human Development Index (HDI) categories, show that national technological cultures of people have not evolved into what is characterised as the ‘Net Natives’, which is one of the primary driving force for the adoption of blended pedagogies as an approach for implementing educational technology, to enhance participation in the global knowledge economy.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 799-815
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1929079
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1929079
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:799-815




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bianca Flavia van Wyk
Author-X-Name-First: Bianca Flavia
Author-X-Name-Last: van Wyk
Author-Name: Forget Mingiri Kapingura
Author-X-Name-First: Forget Mingiri
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapingura
Title: Understanding the nexus between savings and economic growth: A South African context
Abstract: 
 The study examines the relationship between savings and economic growth in South Africa for the period 1986–2018. The Johansen cointegration technique and the Vector Error Correction Model were employed as methods of analysis. The findings from the study indicate that the effect of savings on economic growth in South Africa is negative . However, a positive relationship between the two variables was established in the short-run. Granger causality tests were also utilised to determine the direction of causality between savings and economic growth. The results revealed that the relationship runs from economic growth to gross domestic savings. Another important observation from the study is the role of investment which was found to have a positive effect on economic growth. This result also supports the idea of promoting investment if the country is to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 828-844
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932424
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932424
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:828-844




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Foster
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Foster
Author-Name: Mihalis Chasomeris
Author-X-Name-First: Mihalis
Author-X-Name-Last: Chasomeris
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Title: Re-visiting car guarding as a livelihood in the informal sector
Abstract: 
 This study aims to examine how car guarding remains a sustainable means of livelihood in the informal sector. The study interviewed 30 car guards at six different locations in Durban, South Africa. It examined their demographic characteristics, income, education and skills, among other factors. Furthermore, it compares the findings from 2019 with the 2015 findings from Foster and Chasomeris (2017, Examining car guarding as a livelihood in the informal sector. Local Economy 32(6), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094217727990). The findings show deterioration in the real income levels and livelihoods. In 2015, 22 car guards earned above a domestic worker’s minimum hourly wage of ZAR15, compared to 16 car guards in 2019 and, only eight above the national minimum wage of ZAR20 per hour. There is a notable decline in expenditure on accommodation and reduced optimism about their future. Car guards still display a level of entrepreneurship, especially where daily bay fees are not paid to car guarding agents.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 769-784
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891862
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:769-784




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Willem Swanepoel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Willem
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanepoel
Author-Name: Johan Adam Van Niekerk
Author-X-Name-First: Johan Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Niekerk
Author-Name: P. Tirivanhu
Author-X-Name-First: P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivanhu
Title: Analysing the contribution of urban agriculture towards urban household food security in informal settlement areas
Abstract: 
 Rapid urban growth due to unprecedented rural–urban migration is putting pressure on urban food systems. The general impression is that households engaged in urban agriculture experience improved nutritional status, higher health standards and provide towards income and employment. However, empirical research findings are limited and inconsistent. This study provides empirical knowledge on the urban agriculture–food security nexus. Data was gathered from a sample of 220 households comprising of those with small household (backyard) garden projects funded by the Department of Agriculture in the Western Cape, South Africa, and a control group. Propensity score matching was used to determine the contribution of urban agriculture to household food security. The findings indicated that households engaged in urban agriculture were benefiting from dietary diversity and the generation of income through the production of various food products. There was, however, no indication of a significant positive contribution of urban agriculture towards food security.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 785-798
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1920888
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1920888
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:38:y:2021:i:5:p:785-798




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Baneng Naape
Author-X-Name-First: Baneng
Author-X-Name-Last: Naape
Author-Name: Nyasha Mahonye
Author-X-Name-First: Nyasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahonye
Title: Does South Africa’s tax effort fall short of its tax capacity?
Abstract: 
 The main objective of this study is to assess South Africa’s tax revenue performance. This is achieved by estimating tax capacity and tax effort for the period 1960–2017 through econometric methods. The 2Stage-Least Square results indicate that GDP per capita and inflation have a strong positive and statistically significant impact on revenue mobilisation while population growth, trade openness and agriculture share in GDP have a strong negative and statistically significant impact on revenue mobilisation. Furthermore, we find that South Africa’s tax effort index varies between 0.92 which is below capacity and 1.10 which is above capacity. On average, the tax effort index is 1.00, implying that South Africa performs well above its potential tax capacity. This study therefore cautiously advice against increases in tax rates in the near term as they will discourage economic activity in the form of labour, output and investment. Experiences elsewhere attest that higher tax rates often induce tax avoidance and evasion, creating about their own problems than solutions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 750-768
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1883418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1883418
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven F. Koch
Author-X-Name-First: Steven F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch
Author-Name: Naomi Setshegetso
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi
Author-X-Name-Last: Setshegetso
Title: Progressivity of out-of-pocket payments and its determinants decomposed over time
Abstract: 
 This study estimates progressivity of out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments and their determinants using South African Income and Expenditure Surveys. Concentration is decomposed to examine the effect of household determinants on OOP inequality, shedding light on how progressivity/regressivity is related to changes in the concentration and elasticities of the determinants over time. Our results suggest that actual OOP health expenditures are concentrated among non-poor households, although less so now than in the recent past. When OOP health payments are viewed from the perspective of affordability, which instead focuses on the share of payments relative to capacity-to-pay, they are regressive; However, they have become less concentrated amongst poor households, although still regressive, recently. These results appear to be independent of the measure of socioeconomic status employed in the analysis. The results highlight large income and education-related disparities and also suggest continued gender and ethnic differences that deserve further attention in policymaking.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 731-749
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1880373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1880373
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zechariah Langnel
Author-X-Name-First: Zechariah
Author-X-Name-Last: Langnel
Author-Name: George Babington Amegavi
Author-X-Name-First: George Babington
Author-X-Name-Last: Amegavi
Author-Name: Kingsley S. Agomor
Author-X-Name-First: Kingsley S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Agomor
Title: Environmental degradation and female economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa: Effort towards Sustainable Development Goal 5
Abstract: 
 The paper examines how environmental degradation affects female economic inclusion. Using Generalised Least Squares (GLS) and Instrumental Variable Approach in Two-Stage Least Squares (IV-2SLS), a panel of 22 countries in sub-Saharan Africa was analysed for the period 1990–2013. We observe that CO2 emission (metric per capita), CO2 emissions from electricity and heat, CO2 emissions from liquid and fuel consumption, and CO2 intensity (emission from solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and coal) appear to negatively affect female economic inclusion. This implies that environmental deterioration disproportionally affects the labour force participation of women. The paper recommends that policies that are designed to mitigate environmental pollution should also incorporate measures to address gender exclusion. This effort will not only reduce environmental vulnerability but will also create a window for women empowerment in vulnerable situations. This focus holds the potential for the attainment of SDG 5 in SSA.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 717-730
Issue: 5
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870933
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mustafa Kennedy Hussein
Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Kennedy
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussein
Title: Women’s participation in local development – A case study of Zomba District Council in Malawi
Abstract: 
 Malawi has decentralised development planning structures to create a representative system of local government and a base for participatory democracy in development. This paper, which is based on data collected through literature review supplemented by key informant interviews interrogates the extent to which decentralisation has generated opportunities for increased women’s participation and representation in local government development structures. The paper contends that although decentralisation has generated opportunities for increased women’s participation, men’s domination supported by systemic, institutional and patriarchal norms and weaknesses in the enforcement of policies complicate the situation. Therefore, pragmatic policies and actions must be pursued to improve women’s participation at local and national levels. These should include the introduction of specific quotas in local government structures, building public awareness on gender perspective, enforcement of existing gender policies and concrete action which translates into women having a voice, power, and the capacity to organise and mobilise themselves.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 954-966
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891022
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Behrendt
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrendt
Author-Name: Elisenda Estruch
Author-X-Name-First: Elisenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Estruch
Author-Name: Johannes Sauer
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Sauer
Author-Name: Habtamu Y. Ayenew
Author-X-Name-First: Habtamu Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ayenew
Author-Name: Getachew Abate-Kassa
Author-X-Name-First: Getachew
Author-X-Name-Last: Abate-Kassa
Author-Name: Peter Wobst
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Wobst
Title: Decent Rural Employment in a specialised and a diversified production system in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 The agricultural sector in developing countries plays a vital role in food security as well as providing employment opportunities to the rural population. This study examines how decent quality of rural employment can be associated with technical efficiency of agricultural production of smallholder farmers in Tanzania. While labour is considered an input in the production process, various forms of labour are rarely measured in the context of employment quality. Using a latent-class stochastic frontier model, two types of farming systems are identified: a specialised crop system and a diversified farming system. The study found child labour to be significantly contributing to the inefficiency of agricultural production only in the diversified farming system, while precarious employment contributed to the inefficiency in both farming systems. Based on these findings policymaking that targets decent employment in developing countries needs to account for differences in farming systems.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1017-1030
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1948389
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1948389
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dadirai Mkombe
Author-X-Name-First: Dadirai
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkombe
Author-Name: Adane Hirpa Tufa
Author-X-Name-First: Adane Hirpa
Author-X-Name-Last: Tufa
Author-Name: Arega D. Alene
Author-X-Name-First: Arega D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Alene
Author-Name: Julius Manda
Author-X-Name-First: Julius
Author-X-Name-Last: Manda
Author-Name: Shiferaw Feleke
Author-X-Name-First: Shiferaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Feleke
Author-Name: Tahirou Abdoulaye
Author-X-Name-First: Tahirou
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdoulaye
Author-Name: Victor Manyong
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Manyong
Title: The effects of foreign direct investment on youth unemployment in the Southern African Development Community
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on youth unemployment in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region using panel data from the World Bank World Development Indicators for the period 1994–2017. Results from the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS-Parks) technique show that FDI has an insignificant effect on reducing youth unemployment in the SADC region. This could be because the type of FDI in the region is partly mergers and acquisitions, which has fewer jobs creating capacity compared to Greenfield investment. This suggests the need for governments in the region to pursue labour-absorbing FDI policies and also ensure that foreign investment inflows are channelled towards labour-intensive sectors that have high labour absorptive capacity such as horticulture and floriculture.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 863-878
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796598
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Kechia Mukong
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Kechia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukong
Author-Name: Justine Burns
Author-X-Name-First: Justine
Author-X-Name-Last: Burns
Title: Parental bargaining and rural–urban child health differential in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 This paper extends the empirical analysis of child health by simultaneously considering the effects and contributions of parental bargaining to the rural–urban child health differential in Tanzania, a country where most communities are patriarchal in nature. We use the Heckman two-step procedure to correct for possible sample selection bias. The results suggest that domestic violence towards female partners increases the probability of child stunting while female autonomy in decision-making and discretion over household resources reduce the probability of child stunting. The significance of these effects are mainly observed in rural than in urban communities. Differences in female autonomy between rural and urban areas account for 5% of the rural–urban gap in child nutrition. The contribution reduces to 4% after correcting for sample selection bias. Thus, empowering rural women is essential in reducing the rural–urban child health differentials.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 938-953
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1874876
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1874876
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thulani Dube
Author-X-Name-First: Thulani
Author-X-Name-Last: Dube
Author-Name: Cornelias Ncube
Author-X-Name-First: Cornelias
Author-X-Name-Last: Ncube
Author-Name: Philani Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Philani
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Author-Name: Keith Phiri
Author-X-Name-First: Keith
Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri
Author-Name: Nhlanhla Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Nhlanhla
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Title: Marginal communities and livelihoods: San communities’ failed transition to a modern economy in Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 The San community in Zimbabwe is one of the indigenous tribes that have had a rather belated encounter with modernisation and globalisation. Their transition from a hunting and gathering economy to an agro-capitalist economy is widely considered as failed. Using the sustainable rural livelihoods framework, the study ethnographically investigates the performance of San livelihood portfolios. The main objective of the study was to interrogate the factors that prevent San communities from climbing up the social ladder to gain equal access to resources when compared with their Bantu neighbours. The study found out that some of the key drivers of the failed San communities’ transition include their location close to wild animals, systematic structural oppression by the Ndebele and Kalanga ethnic groups, and the natural environmental challenges such as climate change. We recommend that programming for San communities should take into cognisance these structural and contextual issues.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1031-1045
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1955660
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1955660
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Clement Kweku Kyei
Author-X-Name-First: Clement Kweku
Author-X-Name-Last: Kyei
Author-Name: Rashid Hassan
Author-X-Name-First: Rashid
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan
Title: Distributional impacts of taxing water pollution in the Olifants river basin of South Africa
Abstract: 
 We study the distributional impacts of a water pollution tax in the Olifants river basin using a regional environmental computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The distributional impacts were evaluated considering both the household income and spending-side effects. We find that the water pollution tax is progressive on the income side as the poorest and vulnerable derive lower shares of their income from capital, which bears the biggest burden of the tax. However, the tax is regressive on the expenditure side due to the higher share of pollution-intensive goods in poor households’ expenditure. The net effect of the tax is, however, not pro-poor. Revenue recycling through a subsidy to pollution abatement sectors mitigates the adverse distributional impacts of the tax whereas uniform direct lump-sum transfers to households’ income reverse the adverse distributional impacts.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1001-1016
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932425
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniélle Cronjéa
Author-X-Name-First: Daniélle
Author-X-Name-Last: Cronjéa
Author-Name: Engelina du Plessis
Author-X-Name-First: Engelina
Author-X-Name-Last: du Plessis
Title: What makes South Africa competitive from a tourist’s point of view?
Abstract: 
 Tourism and destination competitiveness is a popular research topic and has become more important in recent years. This is evident from the amount of research conducted on the topic. However, competitiveness is mainly researched from a supply perspective, which solely captures the opinions of tourism experts and consequently creates the need to obtain the opinions of tourists as well.This paper provides an enhanced understanding of the opinions foreign tourists visiting South Africa have of the competitiveness of the country as tourist destination. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to tourists at OR Tambo International Airport who were returning home after visiting South Africa. A total of 619 usable questionnaires were obtained. The findings revealed that(1) The factors identified in this study differ from similar supply-side studies on South Africa;(2) Respondents considered unique tourism aspects the most important element of competitiveness;(3) The second most important competitiveness factor, tourism services, consists of internal factors only;(4) Safety and security is an essential competitiveness aspect regardless of the destination or research approach used.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 919-937
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1834355
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: L. Tsuro
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsuro
Title: The impacts of waste dumping in Lake Malawi
Abstract: 
 In Malawi, Lake Malawi is one of the most important tourist attractions in Malawi. However, waste dumping in the lake is reducing the number of tourist visits. The aim of this study was to research what is currently happening in and around Lake Malawi due to waste dumping, what the local inhabitants are saying about this issue, and their recommendations for improving the condition of the lake. This paper reviews the challenges and dangers that occur due to waste dumping globally and how individuals, water species and even the water itself are affected. A sample of 48 inhabitants of Lake Malawi were surveyed to ascertain the current waste-related circumstances of the lake, and their recommendations for improvement. The article recommends that people who are staying near the lake must urgently stop dumping waste into the lake, and policies must be implemented to stop any further waste dumping behaviours from happening.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 985-1000
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1919058
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1919058
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quinton Balie
Author-X-Name-First: Quinton
Author-X-Name-Last: Balie
Author-Name: Anele Horn
Author-X-Name-First: Anele
Author-X-Name-Last: Horn
Title: The impact of population growth on municipal revenue: Implications for South African municipalities
Abstract: 
 One of the biggest challenges to South African municipalities is to generate sufficient revenue to ensure that the needs of a growing population are met. The impact of population growth in terms of natural increase and net migration over time on municipal revenue generation is unknown. The assumption is that municipalities that experience rapid population growth do not receive a comparable change in revenue that would allow delivery of basic services. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between population growth and municipal revenue. This will be achieved by analysing (1) national municipal population, household growth trends between 2001 and 2016 and its relationship to municipal revenue; and (2) analysing municipal ability to generate ‘own income’ and its relationship to indigent households in six municipalities in the Western Cape. The research found that overall municipal revenue increases at a substantially higher rate than population and indigent households.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1046-1058
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1975534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1975534
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ngoni Courage Shereni
Author-X-Name-First: Ngoni Courage
Author-X-Name-Last: Shereni
Author-Name: Jarkko Saarinen
Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarinen
Title: Community perceptions on the benefits and challenges of community-based natural resources management in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) emphasises the role and benefits of local communities in order to promote a sustainable utilisation of natural resources. This study aims to identify and analyse the locally perceived benefits and challenges of CBNRM practices in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. A specific focus is on Communal Area Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE), which has faced challenges due to changes in the political and economic environment in the country. The findings based on a household survey from three wards adjacent to Hwange National Park suggest that community members have negative perceptions on CAMPFIRE largely due to their non-involvement in the decision-making and management of the natural resources. The community members do expect to gain benefits from CAMPFIRE but they do not perceive and experience receiving any. Therefore, they consider facing mainly challenges from the Park, emanating from the current inefficiencies of CAMPFIRE.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 879-895
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796599
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1796599
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mazanai Musara
Author-X-Name-First: Mazanai
Author-X-Name-Last: Musara
Author-Name: Cecile Nieuwenhuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Cecile
Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwenhuizen
Title: Motivations and unique challenges of successful foreign-owned small and medium enterprises in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The notions of foreign-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have gained the attention of scholars in the SME literature due to the contributions that they make in both their home and host countries. Despite the growing attention on foreign-owned SMEs in the academic literature, there is limited literature exploring the motivations and unique challenges that these enterprises face in the various African contexts. This study, therefore, used the grounded theory approach on a sample of forty-two (42) owners of successful foreign-owned SMEs operating in South Africa to explore their motivations and unique challenges. Eight (8) categories of motivations and five (5) unique challenges for successful foreign-owned SMEs to start businesses in South Africa were identified. A grounded theory in this study shows the motivations for starting SMEs, dealing with unique challenges and success factors of foreign-owned SMEs. The study provides useful insights into the motivations of foreign-owned SMEs, as well as on how successful foreign-owned SMEs deal with unique challenges to succeed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 967-984
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913998
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913998
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanié Rossouw
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanié
Author-X-Name-Last: Rossouw
Author-Name: Talita Greyling
Author-X-Name-First: Talita
Author-X-Name-Last: Greyling
Title: Social well-being inequality in Africa
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we construct a composite social well-being index to investigate disparities between 30 African countries. We do this because previous inequality studies relied on income measures; however, when it comes to Africa, specifically, income is not an adequate measure to capture well-being. Furthermore, we apply the recentered influence function (RIF) method to regress the variance of social well-being on likely influencing factors. Lastly, we use the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition technique to investigate the gap between countries with higher, and those with lower levels of social well-being. The results indicate that there are high levels of inequality; however, the inequality in social well-being is less stark than in income. Factors that are significantly related to inequality are employment, gender equality, exports, CO2 emissions, population density, public protests, capital investment, and internet access. The gap that exists between higher and lower social well-being countries is mainly due to the endowment effect.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 896-918
Issue: 6
Volume: 38
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1828830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1828830
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regis Musavengane
Author-X-Name-First: Regis
Author-X-Name-Last: Musavengane
Author-Name: Llewellyn Leonard
Author-X-Name-First: Llewellyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Leonard
Author-Name: Shakespear Mureyani
Author-X-Name-First: Shakespear
Author-X-Name-Last: Mureyani
Title: Doing tourism in Southern Africa amid the coronavirus pandemic: Navigating political, socio-economic and environmental inequalities
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this paper is to ignite a conversation on the challenges of the ongoing ‘novel’ surrounding the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the Southern Africa region. The global COVID-19 pandemic started with the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is understood that different countries, regions and territories will have different, context-specific challenges in fighting the pandemic. These will differ from country to country and therefore necessitates contextual research. By sharing African perspectives on swift action against this coronavirus, this paper is intended to appraise the nexus between the coronavirus and tourism in order to prepare tourism practitioners for the recovery strategies that will be needed to address the damages caused by the pandemic. This paper points to tourism researchers focusing on the Southern African region and possible key areas for further research as the coronavirus situation unfolds. It draws from published material and document analysis, including from academic research, media reports and social media platforms.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 3-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1829459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1829459
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Regis Musavengane
Author-X-Name-First: Regis
Author-X-Name-Last: Musavengane
Author-Name: Llewellyn Leonard
Author-X-Name-First: Llewellyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Leonard
Title: COVID-19 impacts on tourism: Southern Africa’s experiences
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018995
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018995
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boycen Kumira Mudzengi
Author-X-Name-First: Boycen Kumira
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudzengi
Author-Name: Edson Gandiwa
Author-X-Name-First: Edson
Author-X-Name-Last: Gandiwa
Author-Name: Never Muboko
Author-X-Name-First: Never
Author-X-Name-Last: Muboko
Author-Name: Chiedza Ngonidzashe Mutanga
Author-X-Name-First: Chiedza Ngonidzashe
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga
Title: Innovative community ecotourism coping and recovery strategies to COVID-19 pandemic shocks: The case of Mahenye
Abstract: 
 The sustainability of community ecotourism under the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe is under stress due to shocks including the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic has potential to impede the efforts the community ecotourism sector has been making towards the attainment of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The specific objectives of the research were to: (i) document the shocks emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic on the Mahenye community ecotourism project and (ii) suggest possible coping and recovery strategies to the COVID-19 pandemic shocks at the Mahenye community ecotourism project. Qualitative methods were adopted encompassing data mining, expert opinion and key informant interviews. The overall impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mahenye ecotourism elements have been negative. The present research results could enable ecotourism to be sustainable in the face of shocks emanating from infectious pandemics like COVID-19 and future others.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 68-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980375
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980375
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erisher Woyo
Author-X-Name-First: Erisher
Author-X-Name-Last: Woyo
Author-Name: Costantine Nyamandi
Author-X-Name-First: Costantine
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamandi
Title: Application of virtual reality technologies in the comrades’ marathon as a response to COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study is to analyse the perceptions of Comrades Marathon runners concerning the application of virtual reality technologies as a strategic response to the effects of COVID-19 in South Africa. Furthermore, the study also assesses the runners’ challenges and readiness to participate in virtualised marathons post-COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from Comrades Marathon runners using online interviews. However, the study results showed mixed perceptions concerning virtual reality application to an outdoor sporting event like the Comrades Marathon in South Africa. Regardless of these perceptions, managers of sporting events are encouraged to make significant investments for the strategic development of virtual sports in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 20-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1911788
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1911788
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tariro Kamuti
Author-X-Name-First: Tariro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamuti
Title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 on the global tourism industry
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 84-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1912588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1912588
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reshma Sucheran
Author-X-Name-First: Reshma
Author-X-Name-Last: Sucheran
Title: The COVID-19 pandemic and guesthouses in South Africa: Economic impacts and recovery measures
Abstract: 
 The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread throughout the globe, and recovering from the pandemic will be a massive test on economic systems. The pandemic has severely affected the accommodation sector as global travel has come to an almost complete standstill as of April 2020. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of the pandemic on guesthouses in South Africa and the response measures adopted by this sector. Through online surveys, the empirical results show that guesthouse operations were severely disrupted by the pandemic, leading to a critical decline in revenue and a pronounced threat to job security. Despite implementing various response measures and strategies, guesthouses were somewhat concerned about the future of their businesses due to the uncertainty of the pandemic. This research can assist in developing intervention measures to support guesthouses in addressing the economic challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 35-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2003758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2003758
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wame L. Hambira
Author-X-Name-First: Wame L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hambira
Author-Name: Lesego S. Stone
Author-X-Name-First: Lesego S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stone
Author-Name: Vincent Pagiwa
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Pagiwa
Title: Botswana nature-based tourism and COVID-19: transformational implications for the future
Abstract: 
 COVID-19 poses a huge threat to the tourism industry. Not only is COVID-19 a health challenge, but it is also a socio-economic and ecological emergency. The UNWTO anticipates a 20-30% decline in tourist arrivals, a huge blow for sub-Saharan countries whose economies depend on nature-based tourism. Using qualitative document analysis, this paper presents an analysis of the interlinkages between COVID-19 and nature-based tourism, resultant impacts and implications for the future of tourism in Botswana. Results show that the disease spread in Botswana has resulted in far reaching socio-economic and environmental repercussions. These include revenue losses, business closures, retrenchments, and loss of opportunities for financing community development projects; wildlife straying beyond their normal ranges posing a threat to life and increasing chances of poaching. Lessons learnt for the future transformational agenda include the need to intensify domestic tourism; virtual operations and strategies for human-wildlife co-existence.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 51-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1955661
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1955661
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy Köhler
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Köhler
Title: Class size and learner outcomes in South African schools: The role of school socioeconomic status
Abstract: 
 Class size reduction is frequently argued to be a cost-effective way to improve learner outcomes. In the South African context, most studies conclude that greater class sizes are associated with poorer educational outcomes on average. However, given the country’s bimodal education system, it is plausible to believe that such a relationship may depend on where learners find themselves in the system. This paper merges newly available data from the 2017/18 School Monitoring Survey with external administrative data to investigate whether the relationship between class size and learner outcomes varies by school socioeconomic status. Although extreme class sizes are concentrated in poorer schools, class size is only negatively associated with learner outcomes in wealthier schools. This finding is robust to several robustness tests. This does not imply that class size does not matter. Rather, reductions may only be effective in the South African context once other school quality-related factors are addressed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 126-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1845614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1845614
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hayley Innez Wakefield
Author-X-Name-First: Hayley Innez
Author-X-Name-Last: Wakefield
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Christie Swanepoel
Author-X-Name-First: Christie
Author-X-Name-Last: Swanepoel
Title: Revisiting transitory and chronic unemployment in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study comprehensively explores the nature and extent of transitory and chronic unemployment using the data from the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) conducted in 2008–15. The empirical findings revealed that the transitorily and chronically unemployed individuals shared highly similar characteristics: African female individuals with incomplete secondary education, residing in urban areas of the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces. Both groups of unemployed individuals were more likely to come from the youth cohorts (25–34 and 35–44 years, in particular the former cohort), with their households being composed of about five members on average. Lastly, upon examining all employed individuals at the time of wave 4 of NIDS, those who worked across all four waves earned nearly three times as much as those who experienced unemployment of some duration in the first three waves (R11 300 versus R3800 per month, in 2019 December prices).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 87-107
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1799761
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roman Grynberg
Author-X-Name-First: Roman
Author-X-Name-Last: Grynberg
Author-Name: Vijayakumar Kandaswamy
Author-X-Name-First: Vijayakumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Kandaswamy
Author-Name: Fwasa Singogo
Author-X-Name-First: Fwasa
Author-X-Name-Last: Singogo
Title: The ASGM sector in Africa – A child of misery and desperation?
Abstract: 
 This paper considers the factors affecting the growth of one of the fastest growing export sectors in Africa – gold from the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector. The artisanal gold mining sector was largely illegal in most African countries until the 1990s and has grown from virtually nothing to exports of at least 446 tonnes of gold worth approximately US$17.94 billion to Dubai in 2016, with some 10 million Africans working in these often hazardous mines, up from approximately 1.8 million in 1999. The study investigates the pull and push factors affecting the sector using different quantitative estimates of the size of the sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 151-164
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1868288
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1868288
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leonard Mkusa
Author-X-Name-First: Leonard
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkusa
Author-Name: Sheryl Hendriks
Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl
Author-X-Name-Last: Hendriks
Title: How food insecure are residents in Malawi’s major cities?
Abstract: 
 Increasing urbanisation could pose significant food insecurity challenges in Africa, yet little has been researched regarding food insecurity in urban Africa. This study compared the levels and severity of food insecurity in Malawi’s four major cities using data from Malawi’s fourth Integrated Household Survey (2016/17). Urban food insecurity was found to be relatively low and less severe in Blantyre, Lilongwe, Mzuzu and Zomba compared to published rural statistics. Lilongwe had the highest level of food insecurity. The majority of households experienced seasonal food insecurity four months of the year and spent three-quarters of their budget on food. Poor households with uneducated male heads with a high number of dependents, few income sources were most likely to experience food insecurity. Interventions to improve the availability and accessibility of livelihood options for urban households would improve food security
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 165-181
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906629
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906629
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kofi Osei Adu
Author-X-Name-First: Kofi Osei
Author-X-Name-Last: Adu
Title: Treatment-seeking behaviour among persons with chronic diseases in Ghana: Does national health insurance status matter?
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the effect of national health insurance on the choice of healthcare facility among diabetic and hypertensive patients in Ghana. The data for this paper came from a secondary source, and the conditional mixed processing approach was utilised to investigate the influence of health insurance status on healthcare facility choice among diabetic and hypertension patients. The study reveals that when compared with uninsured individuals suffering from hypertension/diabetes, insured individuals are more likely to attend formal healthcare facilities and herbal clinics/hospitals and less likely to attend traditional/spiritual healing centres instead of chemical shop/self-care. This work addresses the problem of unobserved heterogeneity (selection bias) by employing the conditional mixed processing approach to account for the potential that health insurance is endogenous to the choice of healthcare facility, which if not accounted for might lead to biased estimates.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 224-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980373
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ewa Cieślik
Author-X-Name-First: Ewa
Author-X-Name-Last: Cieślik
Title: Trade potential of Rwanda: Policy implications from taxonomic analysis of quality of institutions
Abstract: 
 The aim of research is to examine the tendencies in the positions of Rwanda over the years in institutional development and the potential trade directed to main trade partners. We evaluated the quality of institutions in Rwanda against the background of the Eastern African countries using method of taxonomy and assessed how Rwanda uses its potential in trade and its coverage in actual exports. We tested the hypothesis that the better quality of institutions is found, Rwandan indicative trade potential coverage ratio is higher. Results confirmed that the relation between quality of institutions and the indicative trade potential coverage ratio is not obvious in every product group, however, in most cases, there is a positive relationship. Moreover, the analysis allowed us to identify markets characterised by high export potential and still not adequately used.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 251-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1988516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1988516
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danie Francois Toerien
Author-X-Name-First: Danie Francois
Author-X-Name-Last: Toerien
Title: Linking microeconomic characteristics, entrepreneurship and community prosperity/poverty of South African towns
Abstract: 
 Four different South African groups are principally involved with research about entrepreneurship, namely groups focused on: (i) entrepreneurship, (ii) small towns, (iii) local economic development, and (iv) microeconomics of towns. There is limited cooperation between these groups, which if overcome could contribute to the reduction of community poverty in towns. Two hypotheses are examined to sketch the importance of quantified entrepreneurial knowledge: 1. New entrepreneurship, i.e. the ability to successfully start businesses of types not yet present, is linked with entrepreneurial strength in the tradable sectors of towns. 2 Entrepreneurial strength in the tradable sector reduces poverty in towns. A range of power law (log–log) relationships reflect the entrepreneurial complexity of towns and enables tests of the hypotheses. The first is rejected and the second accepted. Strength in the tradable sector of towns reduces community poverty. Greater research cooperation should be sought.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 182-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1914552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1914552
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amoré van Zyl
Author-X-Name-First: Amoré
Author-X-Name-Last: van Zyl
Author-Name: Johannes Lodewyk Jooste
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Lodewyk
Author-X-Name-Last: Jooste
Title: Retaining and recycling water to address water scarcity in the City of Cape Town
Abstract: 
 Conventional water management strategies, where water is extracted, used and then disposed of are no longer enough to address water shortage in cities. Climate change, population growth and economic development are putting available water resources under pressure. A system dynamics model of the City of Cape Town’s water system serves as a case study to evaluate policy interventions, aimed at extracting value from retainable and recyclable water sources to address the growing water shortage experienced in cities. Retention of rainwater, the reuse of greywater and the treatment of wastewater for reuse, are identified as potential water sources. The results provide insight into the behavioural response of the water system, by evaluating the water supply stress and cost of policy interventions related to these alternative sources. It is concluded that only a combination of conservation management and water retention and recycling will reduce water stress over the long term.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 108-125
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1801387
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1801387
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Magidi
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Magidi
Title: The role of the informal economy in promoting urban sustainability: Evidence from a small Zimbabwean town.
Abstract: 
 This paper explores how the informal economy is enhancing urban sustainability in the context of global South urbanism. It uses evidence collected through ethnographic methods from Norton – a small Zimbabwean town to demonstrate how the informal economy is driving sustainable urbanism in its small ways in the absence of a functional formal economy in the town. While it acknowledges sustainable concerns around informal urbanisation, the paper argues that the sector can be an asset that can be harnessed to advance the sustainable urbanisation agenda. The study argues that some of the sector’s activities are playing a big role in; natural environment stewardship, skills development, promotion of social cohesion, indigenous knowledge systems and Ubuntu as well as contributing towards economic development. The paper argues for city and national governments to put more efforts to harness these seemingly small contributions in the quest to build more sustainable cities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 209-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1925088
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1925088
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dimpho M. Matlhola
Author-X-Name-First: Dimpho M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matlhola
Author-Name: Donald L. Kgathi
Author-X-Name-First: Donald L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kgathi
Author-Name: Gagoitseope Mmopelwa
Author-X-Name-First: Gagoitseope
Author-X-Name-Last: Mmopelwa
Title: Tourists’ perceptions and consumer surplus at a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Okavango Delta, Botswana: Implications for rural development
Abstract: 
 The capturing of full benefits associated with nature-based tourism could be one of the strategies for the promotion of sustainable tourism in the Okavango Delta (OD). The general objective of this paper is to establish the perceptions of tourists in relation to consumer surplus (CS) of tourist visitation to the OD and implications on rural development. The study shows that there is substantial CS of tourist visitation in the OD. A significant proportion of tourists (53%) said that they were willing to contribute to a fund for the compensation of farmers for their loss of property resulting from their conflict with wildlife. Most tourists (90%) thought tourism should contribute to the development of local communities. They suggested that the captured CS could be used for rural development and wildlife conservation. The study recommends that the CS could be captured in the OD as entry and conservation fees.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 271-287
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1999792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1999792
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivor Chipkin
Author-X-Name-First: Ivor
Author-X-Name-Last: Chipkin
Author-Name: Jelena Vidojevic
Author-X-Name-First: Jelena
Author-X-Name-Last: Vidojevic
Title: Time and temporality in organisations: The case of Eskom
Abstract: 
 This paper proposes analysing organisations as temporal phenomena composed of multiple temporalities. We argue that the likelihood that an organisation is well placed to function instrumentally with regard to its formal mandate is when what we will call ‘operational time’ is dominant in the temporal regime. We propose that organisations perform poorly when other temporalities come to dominate the temporal regime and/or when the temporal regime is chronically disrupted. We apply this framework to a study of Eskom, the state power company in South Africa. In Eskom, for example, we show how operational time was displaced by a political temporality that ultimately destabilised the temporal regime of the organisation as a whole.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 237-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1981829
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1981829
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manana Mamabolo
Author-X-Name-First: Manana
Author-X-Name-Last: Mamabolo
Author-Name: Petronella Chaminuka
Author-X-Name-First: Petronella
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaminuka
Author-Name: Charles Machethe
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe
Title: Temporal and spatial variation of income diversification strategies among rural households in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Understanding temporal and spatial variations of income diversification is important for developing policies aimed at reducing rural poverty. This study applied Simpson Index of Diversity (SID) to panel data from National Income Dynamics Study from 2008 to 2017 to investigate these variations across four provinces of South Africa. Findings point to the importance of disaggregating when analysing household income diversification. Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and North West had higher SID than the aggregated index, while Eastern Cape had lower degree of diversification. Contrary to other studies, this study found provinces with the highest and lowest income not having the highest degree of diversification. Over time, households diversified more, with SID increasing from 0.16–0.23 by 2017. The study recommends supporting households diversify their income. Specifically, the study recommends support for agriculture in KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Limpopo, while in North West, provincial government should promote business ventures to improve household resilience.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 372-387
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870935
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870935
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blessing Mukabeta Maumbe
Author-X-Name-First: Blessing Mukabeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Maumbe
Author-Name: Laurine Chikoko
Author-X-Name-First: Laurine
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikoko
Title: The rise of supermarkets in Zimbabwe against a tide of macroeconomic uncertainty
Abstract: 
 Zimbabwe has experienced a rise in supermarkets despite its volatile macroeconomic environment. Using data elucidated from key informants in the supermarket retail sector, the study observes that Zimbabwe is still relatively attractive to foreign investors as its food retail sector is not yet saturated. Zimbabwe’s supermarket expansion is driven by the entry of global, regional, and home-grown chains, growing urbanisation and an upsurge in consumerism. Unlike other African countries, Zimbabwe supermarket sector is unique due to its historical footprint, macroeconomic and policy uncertainty. Supermarket development challenges include exclusion of small farmers, modernising procurement systems, difficult operating environment characterised by liquidity crisis, hyperinflation, energy shortages, and deficient infrastructure. Future supermarket growth could emerge from a more stable macroeconomic environment, improved backbone infrastructure, upgrading value chains and penetration of untapped markets in second tier cities and small rural towns.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 289-302
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1832443
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1832443
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eben Proos
Author-X-Name-First: Eben
Author-X-Name-Last: Proos
Author-Name: Johan Hattingh
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Hattingh
Title: Dark tourism: Growth potential of niche tourism in the Free State Province, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Dark tourism involves tourists visiting sites of death, disaster and depravity. Well known dark tourism sites include Chernobyl in the Ukraine, the 9/11 Memorial in New York, and the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Battlefields of World War I and II are also excellent examples of dark tourism sites. Dark tourism has become a niche tourism sector with great potential for future tourism growth. In South Africa, the FSGLTA acting as the marketing arm of the Free State, targets to increase its tourism numbers and therefore are looking for means of growing the tourism arrivals towards the province. Dark tourism has been identified as one of their ways to grow tourism. The main objective of the paper is to reveal the niche tourism potential of the Free State by focusing on the South African War (1899–1902). The broader aim is to establish the typical profile of South African War enthusiasts.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 303-320
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1847636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1847636
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. V. Niyobuhungiro
Author-X-Name-First: R. V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Niyobuhungiro
Author-Name: C. J. Schenck
Author-X-Name-First: C. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schenck
Title: A global literature review of the drivers of indiscriminate dumping of waste: Guiding future research in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Indiscriminate dumping of waste is a global problem. It affects diverse regions across both developing and developed countries. With a view to understanding indiscriminate dumping in the South African context, the authors decided to undertake a synthesis literature review, as they wanted to determine the global scope of the research conducted on the drivers of indiscriminate dumping. The review showed that the drivers of indiscriminate dumping fell into three major categories, which interact with one another and even overlap. These drivers were insufficient waste management services (which is most prevalent in developing countries); residents’ knowledge and awareness of waste; and social dis/organisation in societies in both developed and developing countries. Two aspects are highlighted: The social dis/organstion aspect is under researched and it is clear that we need to understand each community's unique drivers before planning for interventions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 321-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1854086
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1854086
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:321-337




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bowen Banda
Author-X-Name-First: Bowen
Author-X-Name-Last: Banda
Author-Name: Dewald van Niekerk
Author-X-Name-First: Dewald
Author-X-Name-Last: van Niekerk
Author-Name: Livhuwani Nemakonde
Author-X-Name-First: Livhuwani
Author-X-Name-Last: Nemakonde
Author-Name: Charley Granvorka
Author-X-Name-First: Charley
Author-X-Name-Last: Granvorka
Title: Integrated development planning in Zambia: Ideological lens, theoretical underpinnings, current practices, views of the planners
Abstract: 
 Three years after promulgating the Urban and Regional Planning Act (3 of 2015), municipalities in Zambia are still struggling to formulate Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Based on documents review and interviews with 81 key informants, purposefully and snowballing selected, this paper documents the theoretical underpinnings, historic perspectives, current practices and motivation for introducing IDP concept in Zambia. A mixed method research design with grounded theory approach was applied to the study. The study found that the current Integrated Development Planning concept as used in Zambia is not home-grown but emanates from the west. It is highly influenced by the neo liberal developmental theory, traces of the 1947 British colonial, spatial development planning theoretical orientations, and the proximity to the new South African municipality IDP model. Lack of detailed guidelines on IDP is also impending the formulating of IDPs by many municipalities in Zambia.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 338-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1868289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1868289
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:338-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bridget Bwalya Umar
Author-X-Name-First: Bridget
Author-X-Name-Last: Bwalya Umar
Author-Name: Moses N. Chisola
Author-X-Name-First: Moses N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chisola
Author-Name: Beverly M. Mushili
Author-X-Name-First: Beverly M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mushili
Author-Name: Chibuye Florence Kunda-Wamuwi
Author-X-Name-First: Chibuye Florence
Author-X-Name-Last: Kunda-Wamuwi
Author-Name: David Kafwamba
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Kafwamba
Author-Name: Garikai Membele
Author-X-Name-First: Garikai
Author-X-Name-Last: Membele
Author-Name: Eunice N. S. Imasiku
Author-X-Name-First: Eunice N. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Imasiku
Title: Load-shedding in Kitwe, Zambia: Effects and implications on household and local economies
Abstract: 
 Despite increased global energy supply, many households have insufficient access to energy in developing countries. Power utility companies, mostly parastatals, fail to cope with the burgeoning energy demand. This results in load shedding and impacts strongly associated with people's socio-economic classification. With poorer residential areas disproportionately adversely affected, socio-spatial segregation across urban space is evident. Using the socio-spatial segregation framework, this study employed convergent parallel mixed methods to examine effects of load shedding on households in Kitwe. Research objectives were to (1) investigate how household SMEs were affected by load shedding (2) find out dominant energy mixes in the economically differentiated residential areas (3) establish if there are any theoretical implications of the effects of load shedding on the residential area categorisation. A questionnaire was administered to 510 low, middle and high-income residential area households. Data were analysed using content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics. Results reveal similar socio-economic effects across all groups except household income for middle and high-income areas. Small businesses experienced reduced profits with increased business costs especially for high-income areas. In conclusion, socio-spatial segregation created little difference in social and economic impacts at household level implying reducing inequalities due to increasing informal sector activities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 354-371
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1870934
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:354-371




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chibuikem C. Nnaeme
Author-X-Name-First: Chibuikem C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nnaeme
Title: Gender-related challenges of cash transfer beneficiaries involved in the informal economy in Johannesburg
Abstract: 
 Although cash transfers primarily support beneficiaries’ consumption of goods for basic needs, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that they can promote livelihood activities. Yet there has been limited understanding of the gender-related challenges of female beneficiaries who participate in such livelihood activities. This paper presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study conducted in a poor urban community of Johannesburg. Giddens's structuration theory provides an analytical lens to understand the gender-related challenges and responses of female beneficiaries in conducting livelihood activities. The findings show that even though female and male beneficiaries were found to engage in the same income-generating activities, the former were confronted with gender-related challenges that limit their economic progress. This study contributes to understanding the gender-related challenges and dynamics of female operators in the informal economy, who are overrepresented among those impoverished by COVID-19 pandemic and as such need special attention and effective economic support.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 470-484
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2029355
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2029355
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:470-484




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Louis Jacobus van Staden
Author-X-Name-First: Louis Jacobus
Author-X-Name-Last: van Staden
Title: The influence of certain factors on South African Small and medium-sized enterprises towards export propensity
Abstract: 
 The South African government is putting policies, strategies and programmes in place with the intention of establishing an empowering environment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. To make this a success, a thorough understanding of the factors that might influence their export propensity is necessary. The aim of this article was to examine the drivers influencing the export propensity of South African Small and Medium-sized enterprises. A quantitative, descriptive research design was implemented. Management experience was identified as the most significant factor influencing export propensity. The willingness of the business leader to participate in export-related activities largely correlate with management commitment as well as marketing capabilities, this correlation was also evident between management experience and government support as well as between management commitment and marketing capabilities and lastly between marketing capabilities and access to information. Marketing capabilities, government support, as well as management commitment had an impact on business performance (turnover).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 457-469
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2019573
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2019573
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:457-469




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy Olaniyi Aluko
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Olaniyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Aluko
Author-Name: Lungile Ntsalaze
Author-X-Name-First: Lungile
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntsalaze
Title: Effectiveness measurement framework for a grant programme – The case of cooperative grant scheme (CIS)
Abstract: 
 The decrease in public trust and lack of coordination among the traditional financial institutions drives the establishment of a grant incentive scheme for cooperative enterprise in South Africa. The grant incentive scheme provides alternative support for sustainable development of targeted cooperative enterprises with black shareholders owning a majority share. However, there is a lack of evaluation method and empirical studies determining the effectiveness of the scheme based on its mandates and objectives. Therefore, the paper, through a case study approach, investigates the effectiveness of the cooperative incentive scheme (CIS) between 2012 and 2017. A descriptive analysis approach was adopted in the study to describe specific behaviours as they appeared in the environment of the scheme. This is to understand their impacts on administration, regulations, and implementation, as well as social and economic outcomes better while prioritising its mandate in partnership with its beneficiaries to offer good public services and investment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 388-399
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1883417
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1883417
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:388-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Panashe Paul Mazungunye
Author-X-Name-First: Panashe Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazungunye
Author-Name: Cecilia Punt
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Punt
Title: Industrialisation for structural transformation: Economy-wide impacts of agro-processing development in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 Despite high economic growth rates experienced recently, socio-economic challenges such as poverty still prevail in Tanzania. This has been attributed to unsuccessful economic transformation where labour has moved out of agriculture into mainly relative less productive services and informal sectors, leapfrogging the highly productive manufacturing sector. The government is targeting the expansion of agro-processing activities for economic transformation and four policy options were explored. Results of a computable general equilibrium model indicated that policies such as (1) attracting foreign direct investment to improve productivity should be encouraged, especially if (2) coupled with export strategies. (3) Agricultural expansion is also crucial to expand the input base for agro-processing activities. (4) Non-targeted policies such as improving education may not be sufficient for the sector’s expansion but are crucial for the expansion of the whole economy. Government should be mindful of the varied implications of different policies on factor returns and household incomes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 400-423
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1947191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1947191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:400-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven F. Koch
Author-X-Name-First: Steven F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koch
Author-Name: Evelyn Thsehla
Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Thsehla
Title: The impact of diabetes on labour market outcomes
Abstract: 
 This study estimates the effect of diabetes on labour market outcomes (employment, unemployment and labour force participation) in South Africa using data from the South African General Household Survey (2018). We first examine the possibility that diabetes status is endogenous through the application of heteroscedasticity-based instruments. Internal instruments meet the underlying diagnostic expectations, but do not consistently accept the endogeneity hypothesis. Thus we turn to multinomial logit models, ignoring endogeneity, to estimate the effect of diabetes. Our findings indicate that diabetes has differential effects for men and women, where the magnitude of the effect tends to be larger (in absolute value) for women.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 424-456
Issue: 3
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2015291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2015291
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:424-456





Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver7998952143407506747.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Adefunke O. Alabi
Author-X-Name-First: Adefunke O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Alabi
Author-Name: Stephen M. Mutula
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutula
Title: Human development for the fourth industrial revolution: Which way for Sub-Saharan Africa?
Abstract: 
 In both developed and developing countries, the fourth industrial revolution has brought serious concerns about human development. Although the fourth industrial revolution has the propensity to enhance human well-being in sustainable and innovative ways, nearly half of Africa's work is vulnerable to innovations of the digital wave. The study examined the impact of human development on fourth industrial revolution in sub-Saharan African countries, using time series data spanning from 2003 to 2019. Data was analysed using fully modified ordinary least (FMOLS) technique. The findings of the study revealed that human development has a positive but insignificant influence on the fourth industrial revolution. The article promotes awareness of the steps necessary to speed up the development of a relevant, requisite and competitive workforce for industry 4.0.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 528-542
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098090
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098090
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:528-542



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver320193363230593880.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Leora N. Hodes
Author-X-Name-First: Leora N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodes
Author-Name: Jessica Oosthuizen
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Oosthuizen
Author-Name: Michelle Henry
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Henry
Author-Name: Kevin G. F. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin G. F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Title: Smartphones and psychosocial development: Self-compassion mediates the association between trait anxiety and smartphone attachment in digital natives but not digital immigrants
Abstract: 
 Cyberpsychological research suggests that interaction with and use of smartphones influences personal wellbeing and psychosocial development. Studies indicate that (a) the ways in which individuals manage their attachment to devices influences personal development, (b) greater smartphone attachment is associated with higher anxiety levels, and (c) personality differences might mediate this association. We investigated whether self-compassion (i.e. being kind and non-judgmental to oneself) might be such a mediating factor, and whether this mediational relationship differed between digital natives (n = 104, 18–25 years) and digital immigrants (n = 117, 30–60 years). Participants completed standardised scales measuring trait anxiety, self-compassion, and smartphone attachment/use. The mediational hypothesis was confirmed for digital natives only, suggesting that among these participants (who reported significantly higher anxiety levels) higher levels of self-compassion can provide a healthy buffer between psychological distress and unhealthy smartphone attachment. We conclude that programmatic self-compassion interventions could buffer negative developmental consequences of unhealthy smartphone attachment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 558-574
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2003757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2003757
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:558-574



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-2374669456444996872.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Godfred Anakpo
Author-X-Name-First: Godfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Anakpo
Author-Name: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
Author-X-Name-First: Umakrishnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kollamparambil
Title: Artificial intelligence and average wages in Southern Africa: A panel VAR approach
Abstract: 
 Changes in average wage are usually attributed to technological change in the past industrial revolutions. With the emergence and gradual explosion of artificial intelligence (AI) in the 4th industrial revolution, this paper applies panel vector autoregressive technique, with annual data from the World Bank and global economy from 2004 to 2017, to examine the effect of artificial intelligence on average wages in Southern Africa. Findings from the study show that artificial intelligence has a significant negative relationship with average wages but is positively associated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPC), unemployment and inflation. The study also finds inflation and GDPC to be positively associated with average wage. Based on the finding, policy direction focusing on wage stabilisation, redistribution of income, advance learning and skill development training that promote competitiveness to computerisation is recommended.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 575-588
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1967111
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1967111
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:575-588



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-3281668286586232434.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Natasha Van der Pol
Author-X-Name-First: Natasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Pol
Author-Name: Xolani Ntinga
Author-X-Name-First: Xolani
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntinga
Author-Name: Mirriam Mkhize
Author-X-Name-First: Mirriam
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkhize
Author-Name: Alastair van Heerden
Author-X-Name-First: Alastair
Author-X-Name-Last: van Heerden
Title: A scoping review of mHealth use in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This scoping review synthesises evidence on mHealth in South Africa specifically related to the use and application of mobile technology, the population groups targeted, and the health outcomes measured. Three scholarly databases were searched, data was extracted using standard scoping review methods. Of 287 peer-reviewed articles, 36 articles meeting inclusion criteria were analysed. Mobile applications and short-messaging services were the primary technologies employed by mHealth interventions which increasingly incorporates bi-directional communication. Published research has increased since 2016 with the majority of studies carried out in three provinces, the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Gauteng. This paper provides an overview of mHealth in South Africa with recommendations for mHealth integration into private and public healthcare.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 485-497
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1904837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1904837
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:485-497



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver7353075883111780821.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Benjamin J. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Steven L. Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Steven L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Jarè Struwig
Author-X-Name-First: Jarè
Author-X-Name-Last: Struwig
Author-Name: Narnia Bohler-Muller
Author-X-Name-First: Narnia
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohler-Muller
Author-Name: Michael Gastrow
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Gastrow
Title: Promise or precarity? South African attitudes towards the automation revolution
Abstract: 
 Rapid technological advancement has prompted growing debate about the promise and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) for societies. Some believe it will improve efficiency, productivity and quality of life, while others emphasise the risk of job loss, inequality and social exclusion. Despite the salience of these changes for human development, public opinion research on these issues remains limited in South Africa. Using data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), we examine the extent and determinants of the public’s acceptance of robots and automation. The findings suggest that aversion to such technological change remains fairly high, and is informed by age, class, perceived labour market vulnerability, scientific knowledge, and confidence in government to manage adverse human consequences. The article concludes by arguing that national 4IR policy framework needs to consider the reservations expressed by many South Africans, and develop measures to protect the dignity and well-being of citizens across the life course.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 498-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978932
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:498-515



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver638647416262715850.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Alfred Farrell
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Farrell
Author-Name: Witness Mapanga
Author-X-Name-First: Witness
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapanga
Author-Name: Nombulelo Chitha
Author-X-Name-First: Nombulelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chitha
Author-Name: James Ashton
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashton
Author-Name: Maureen Joffe
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen
Author-X-Name-Last: Joffe
Title: Characteristics, enablers and barriers affecting entrepreneurial behaviour for academics in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Abstract: 
 In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, academics should enhance entrepreneurial capacity to leverage digital-based advances and knowledge capital to support academic economic growth. A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guiding principles, using Krueger’s intention-based entrepreneurship model as the theoretical framework, was undertaken to determine the extent of the literature related to characteristics, attributes, behaviours, enablers, and barriers of academic entrepreneurship in Higher Education Institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Twenty articles were identified and included. The most common academic entrepreneurial characteristics included hunger for success, desire for independence, innovation, creativity, futuristic thinking, and self-esteem. For entrepreneurship to flourish, donor support, strong regulatory systems, political and macroeconomic stability were necessary. Characteristics such as innovation, creativity and futuristic thinking were tied to academic entrepreneurship. Further research on enablers and barriers is suggested to guide academics in LMIC universities with their transition to entrepreneurship as their engagement with society develops.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 589-603
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2027230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2027230
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:589-603



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-7986702353287665337.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Godfred Anakpo
Author-X-Name-First: Godfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Anakpo
Author-Name: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
Author-X-Name-First: Umakrishnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kollamparambil
Title: Effect of automation on unemployment: The case of Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 The increasing level of automation in the fourth industrial revolution has received a global interest in research and political landscape in recent years. While some research advances have been made in the developed world with regard to its implications for unemployment, next to no study has so far sought to establish if there is any statistical relationship between automation and unemployment in developing countries where unemployment is very high. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of automation on unemployment in Southern Africa. Findings from the study show that automation has a significant positive relationship with unemployment rate. The study also finds foreign direct investment and business cycle (higher production output change) to be negatively associated with unemployment. Based on these findings, it is recommended that proper investment in learning and skill development training aimed at making individuals more competitive with regard to automation be pursued to increase the prospect of employment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 516-527
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978931
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978931
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:516-527



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: catalog-resolver-3866468373955431569.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004
Author-Name: Godfred Anakpo
Author-X-Name-First: Godfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Anakpo
Author-Name: Adeola Oyenubi
Author-X-Name-First: Adeola
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyenubi
Title: Technological innovation and economic growth in Southern Africa: Application of panel dynamic OLS regression
Abstract: 
 The effect of technological innovation on economic growth has received significant attention in the developed world over the last decades due to its speedy development and potential impacts. However, little is known in the context of developing countries, arguably due to data challenges. This paper uses panel dynamic Ordinary Least Square regression with annual data from the World Bank and global economy (2004–17) to examine the empirical link between technological innovation and economic growth in Southern Africa. The study finds that technological innovation indicators such as researchers in research and development, graduates from information and communication technology, patents-nonresidents, graduates from science, technology, engineering and mathematics and scientific and technical outputs have significant positive relationship with per capita economic growth in the long run, but no relationship exists for patents-residents and government expenditure with per capita economic growth. Based on the findings, policy intervention and strategies that promote these indicators are recommended.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 543-557
Issue: 4
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2052017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2052017
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Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:39:y:2022:i:4:p:543-557

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: CDSA_A_2017855_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Debra Shepherd
Author-X-Name-First: Debra
Author-X-Name-Last: Shepherd
Author-Name: Nompumelelo Mohohlwane
Author-X-Name-First: Nompumelelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohohlwane
Title: A generational catastrophe: COVID-19 and children’s access to education and food in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have been put at greater risk of school drop-out, as well as food insecurity and emotional health deterioration. This paper considers these issues as they have occurred in South Africa. We use all waves of the National Income Dynamics Study–Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey to estimate non-return to school, access to school meals, and household well-being. The number of learners not attending school in 2021 is estimated to be close to quadruple pre-pandemic levels. Combined with estimates of learning lost, we can conclude that the pandemic has worn away at two decades of progress made in basic education. Evidence also indicates that school feeding has been slow to recover to pre-pandemic levels. Deepened levels of household hunger combined with a lack of access to free school meals is indicated to contribute to significantly greater levels of caregiver anxiety and psychological distress.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 762-780
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2017855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2017855
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# input file: CDSA_A_2116408_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Reza C. Daniels
Author-X-Name-First: Reza C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels
Author-Name: Daniela Casale
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale
Title: The impact of COVID-19 in South Africa during the first year of the crisis: Evidence from the NIDS-CRAM survey
Abstract: 
 This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue of Development Southern Africa that evaluates the impact of COVID-19 in South Africa, one year into the pandemic. All of the papers use evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM), a five-wave longitudinal survey conducted from April 2020 to July 2021. As we write this article in June 2022, South Africa has just returned to the same level of GDP that it had at the end of 2019. This two-year period marks one of the most tumultuous in the country’s economic history. We showcase results pertaining to employment, income support, hunger, schooling, early childhood development, mental health, and vaccine hesitancy. We also reflect on the policy learnings that can be gleaned in each of these domains and draw on some of the international lessons learnt to point to the way forward.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 605-622
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2116408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2116408
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# input file: CDSA_A_2057927_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Timothy Köhler
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Köhler
Author-Name: Robert Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Title: Wage subsidies and COVID-19: The distribution and dynamics of South Africa’s TERS policy
Abstract: 
 Wage subsidy-based job retention policy has served as a dominant tool used to mitigate job losses in the context of COVID-19. In South Africa, such a policy served as a core component of the government’s policy response: the Temporary Employer-Employee Relief Scheme (TERS). We make use of longitudinal survey data to analyse aggregate and between-group TERS receipt during the pandemic as well as the relationship between receipt and job retention. We find that the policy reached millions of workers but coverage was highest during the beginning of the pandemic. Although several groups disproportionately benefited, vulnerable groups were over-represented amongst recipients over time. Benefits were higher in relative terms for lower-wage workers. Although not causally identified, we find evidence of a significant, positive relationship between TERS receipt and job retention, consistent with the policy being successful in its aim of minimising job losses, however only during the most stringent lockdown period.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 689-721
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2057927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2057927
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# input file: CDSA_A_2036105_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Daniela Casale
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Casale
Author-Name: Debra Shepherd
Author-X-Name-First: Debra
Author-X-Name-Last: Shepherd
Title: The gendered effects of the Covid-19 crisis in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM waves 1–5
Abstract: 
 There is substantial evidence in the global literature that women have been disproportionately affected by the Covid-19 crisis and associated lockdowns. In this paper, we use five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study - Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) to track the gendered effects of the pandemic in South Africa during the first year of the crisis. We focus here on the impact in the labour market and on unpaid care work in the home. We find that, relative to men, women were more severely affected in both spheres, yet they benefited less from the government income support provided to unemployed and furloughed workers. The evidence from the NIDS-CRAM survey from the first year of the pandemic therefore suggests that gender inequality in South Africa has risen, undoing some of the gains of the last two decades.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 644-663
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036105
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# input file: CDSA_A_2028607_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Gabrielle Wills
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Wills
Author-Name: Jesal Kika-Mistry
Author-X-Name-First: Jesal
Author-X-Name-Last: Kika-Mistry
Title: Early childhood care and education access in South Africa during COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM
Abstract: 
 Using a longitudinal telephonic survey of adults, this paper provides empirical evidence from South Africa on early childhood care and education (ECCE) attendance trends just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 39% of adult respondents living with children aged 0–6 indicated that at least one child had attended an ECCE programme in February 2020. After a period of ECCE programme closures and lockdowns, estimates fell to as low as 7% in July/August 2020, partially recovered to 28% in November/December 2020, dropped again to 7% in early February 2021 but then recovered significantly to 36% by April/May 2021. A decomposition analysis suggests that a large part of the recovery in ECCE attendance in 2021 was attributed to higher reported perceived ability to be able to afford ECCE programme fees. This could relate to lower fee ECCE programmes resuming operations in anticipation of government relief payments.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 781-799
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028607
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# input file: CDSA_A_2098089_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ivan Turok
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Turok
Author-Name: Justin Visagie
Author-X-Name-First: Justin
Author-X-Name-Last: Visagie
Title: The divergent pathways of the pandemic within South African cities
Abstract: 
 The coronavirus pandemic has had devastating effects on urban lives and livelihoods throughout the world. A major concern in the global North has been the hollowing out of central cities caused by remote working. The consequences for cities in the global South extend further and deeper because their economies are weaker, social and spatial inequalities larger, and healthcare systems more fragile. The paper explores the uneven trajectory of COVID-19 for people and places in South African cities, drawing on unique individual panel data. It shows how communities that were already the most vulnerable have been hit hardest by the pandemic, triggering hardship, hunger and social unrest. Local institutions will have to play a stronger role if society is to manage pandemics better in the future.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 738-761
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098089
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098089
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# input file: CDSA_A_2051439_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Gabriel Espi-Sanchis
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel
Author-X-Name-Last: Espi-Sanchis
Author-Name: Murray Leibbrandt
Author-X-Name-First: Murray
Author-X-Name-Last: Leibbrandt
Author-Name: Vimal Ranchhod
Author-X-Name-First: Vimal
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranchhod
Title: Age, employment and labour force participation outcomes in COVID-era South Africa
Abstract: 
 In this paper we use data from waves 1–5 of NIDS-CRAM to investigate labour market outcomes in 2020/1 for four age groups: youth (aged 18–24), prime-age adults (aged 25–39), middle-age adults (aged 40–54) and older adults (aged 55–64). We contrast outcomes just before and just after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown (February and April 2020) with outcomes one year later (March 2021), and study transitions between the periods. We find that although the NIDS-CRAM employment-to-population ratio was near identical in February 2020 and March 2021 (56.4% versus 56.6%), there had been extensive churning between the two periods. By March 2021, 23% of the February 2020 employed had lost work and 30% of the non-employed had found work. Amidst these changes, youth experienced the largest employment-to-population ratio increase, while older adults suffered the largest decrease in employment and a decline in participation rates (changes not statistically significant).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 664-688
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051439
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051439
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# input file: CDSA_A_2089635_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Reza C. Daniels
Author-X-Name-First: Reza C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels
Author-Name: Kim Ingle
Author-X-Name-First: Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingle
Author-Name: Timothy S.L. Brophy
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy S.L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brophy
Title: Employment uncertainty in the era of COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM and the QLFS
Abstract: 
 This paper conducts an analysis of employment uncertainty in South Africa during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using NIDS-CRAM and five waves of Statistics SA's Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS: 2020-Q1 to 2021-Q1). We find that much of the differences in estimates of labour force states including employment, unemployment and not economically active, are due to different initial conditions and different reference periods between the two surveys, as well as the way that uncertain job attachment is measured in the questionnaires. This leads to higher estimates of employment in NIDS-CRAM compared to the QLFS for both a pre-pandemic baseline and over the entire period investigated (February 2020 to March 2021). This implies the two data sources are not strictly comparable, but rather complementary when analysing different aspects of the labour force. We discuss the implications for labour market research based on these data sources.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 623-643
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2089635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2089635
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# input file: CDSA_A_2062299_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg
Author-Name: Leila Patel
Author-X-Name-First: Leila
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel
Author-Name: Grace Bridgman
Author-X-Name-First: Grace
Author-X-Name-Last: Bridgman
Title: Food insecurity in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM wave 5
Abstract: 
 This article presents the results of the five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) on food security between May 2020 and May 2021. Despite significant investments in social protection, food insecurity and household and child hunger remained stubbornly high. We conclude that given the protracted nature of the pandemic, slow economic recovery, household and child hunger have stabilised at higher levels than before the pandemic. The phasing out of emergency relief coupled with the constrained economic situation, are some of the reasons why levels of food insecurity and hunger are likely to remain high in the near future. Strict lockdown regulations also reduced employment and income from informal economic activities. Social support for vulnerable individuals and households remain an urgent priority. Continuing support targeted at households with children is particularly important given the dire consequences of enduring hunger for stunting, and on children’s long-term development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 722-737
Issue: 5
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2062299
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2062299
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# input file: CDSA_A_2014784_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: S. Makapela
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Makapela
Author-Name: P.T. Tanga
Author-X-Name-First: P.T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanga
Title: The ambivalent link between globalisation and socio-economic rights in post-apartheid South Africa: Making a case for the right to adequate houses
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the extent to which globalisation has affected the post-apartheid state’s ability to fulfil the right to adequate houses enshrined in the South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). Underpinned by the rights-based approach to development (RBAD) which provides a mechanism to promote, protect, and fulfil various rights, the study employed a quantitative methodology. A survey was the preferred data collection method and a questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The probability sampling technique of random cluster sample was used in the study and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse questionnaires focusing primarily on descriptive statistics. The sample size consisted of 500 survey respondents selected from two towns in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. We used an alpha level of .05 for all statistical tests. The study was premised on the following null hypothesis (H0): the right to housing is equally distributed among the population. The findings indicate that the right to houses is not equally distributed among the population, X2 (2, N = 500) = 56.37, p < .05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. We can conclude, therefore, that there is a statistically significant difference amongst the groups.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 960-972
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2014784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2014784
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# input file: CDSA_A_1988517_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Witness Nyasha Bandura
Author-X-Name-First: Witness Nyasha
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandura
Title: Financial openness, trade openness and financial development: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 The study investigates the impact of financial openness (de facto) and trade openness on financial development for 26 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1982–2016. A system Generalized Method of Moments methodological approach is utilised with 5-year averaged data. There is no evidence of the combined/joint impact of trade and financial openness towards financial development which disproves the existence of openness hypothesis by Rajan and Zingales [(2003). The great reversals: the politics of financial development in the twentieth century. Journal of Financial Economics 69(1), 5–50]. Comparatively, the region shows that it can positively benefit from trade openness to financial openness. Even though trade openness shows weak positive impact on financial development, the results are not robust, as they vary from one model to the other. Institutions show positive contribution towards financial development, but the impact is only significant towards private credit by banks. It is recommended that the institutional quality in the region be improved so that the region could fully benefit from international business, largely through investor protection.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 947-959
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1988517
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1988517
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# input file: CDSA_A_1940867_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: A. King
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: C. M. Shackleton
Author-X-Name-First: C. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shackleton
Title: Working in poverty: Informal employment of household gardeners in Eastern Cape towns, South Africa
Abstract: 
 In South Africa there has been relatively little consideration of the informal employment offered to domestic household workers and gardeners. Here we report on the number and profile of gardeners employed by private households and the wage and satisfaction rates in 12 towns of the Eastern Cape. Over 98% of the informal gardeners were male, middle-aged and with limited formal schooling. Approximately 58% of middle and upper income households employed a gardener, at a mean daily rate of R112.20 in 2019. This equated to 13 170 gardeners earning a total wage bill of R139 million p.a. across the 12 towns, which scales up to 0.7–1 million informal gardeners nationally earning approximately R10–14 billion per year. However, daily remuneration was insufficient to cover basic needs, and slightly more than half of the gardeners would prefer a different job, indicating the survivalist nature of the sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1007-1020
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1940867
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1940867
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# input file: CDSA_A_1945911_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Tanya Lee Pauw
Author-X-Name-First: Tanya Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Pauw
Title: Catching up with the constitution: An analysis of National Health Insurance in South Africa post-apartheid
Abstract: 
 The passing of the 2019 National Health Insurance Bill (NHI) has revived debate whether such a policy can be effectively implemented in South Africa. The purpose of this article is to discuss the development process of this bill against the backdrop of the country’s political and social context. Furthermore, it will examine the constitutional right of public participation in health policy decision-making and its vital role in understanding the user perspectives to ensure successful implementation of the NHI. Approachable and communicative leaders are required to facilitate public participation and to engage with the public and health workers. Such leaders will need to be innovative and creative in order to overcome current public health shortfalls.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 921-934
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945911
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# input file: CDSA_A_1906630_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jane Jabulile Masilela
Author-X-Name-First: Jane Jabulile
Author-X-Name-Last: Masilela
Author-Name: Roscoe Bertrum van Wyk
Author-X-Name-First: Roscoe Bertrum
Author-X-Name-Last: van Wyk
Author-Name: Nyankomo Marwa
Author-X-Name-First: Nyankomo
Author-X-Name-Last: Marwa
Title: Assessing the variability of crypto collateral assets in secured lending on the blockchain
Abstract: 
 The objective is to assess the variability of collateral crypto-assets used in secured lending on the blockchain. Using the coefficient of variation, the study estimates volatility of selected assets and implied risk intensity for both borrowers and lenders on blockchain-based lending. The coefficient of variation model was adopted by testing volatility. The model produced a number of key empirical observations from January 2017 to December 2018 reflecting market swings resulting in volatility, despite its simplicity, using Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple crypto-assets. The results of the study provide clarity on the crypto-assets bullish and bearish markets and whether there is a correlation between crypto-assets and Bitcoin market dominance. The recommendations include that financial institutions should de-risk their investment, participate in the crypto-currency domain and ensure financial inclusion; concepts of traditional asset-backed lending could be implemented by looking at 50 percent loan-to-value ratio.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 830-840
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1906630
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# input file: CDSA_A_2051437_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Morena Mapuru
Author-X-Name-First: Morena
Author-X-Name-Last: Mapuru
Author-Name: Adeyemi Olusola
Author-X-Name-First: Adeyemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Olusola
Author-Name: Samuel Adelabu
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Adelabu
Title: From fossil-dependent energy to a clean, non-polluting energy: Wind farms in Maluti-A-Phofung municipality, South Africa
Abstract: 
 In South Africa, the consumption of coal for electricity is at the top of the charts for coal consumption in Africa. The continued usage of non-renewable energy sources accounts for ∼50% of the total greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere globally. This study, therefore, aims to identify suitable sites for wind farms within the Maluti-A-Phofung municipality. Data for this study was sourced from climate stations within the MAP and the extant literature for standards and regulations. The Weibull function and ArcGIS 10.6 were used to establish a suitable site for wind farms within the MAP. The results from the study suggested that wind speed and direction in MAP municipality experienced variations but with a steady-state over time. However, based on criteria from other factors the MAP municipality should opt for micro-generators, that is, individual wind turbines per household for clean energy supply.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 973-989
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051437
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051437
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# input file: CDSA_A_1977111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kabo Diraditsile
Author-X-Name-First: Kabo
Author-X-Name-Last: Diraditsile
Title: The nexus between youth empowerment programmes and youth unemployment reduction in Africa: Evidence from Botswana
Abstract: 
 Using findings from a study on ‘Understanding the dynamics of youth development and socio-economic empowerment: A study on social policy and strategic responses for improving youth employment in Botswana’, the author examines the nexus between youth empowerment programmes and youth employability in Botswana. The specific objectives were to explore how youth empowerment programmes can be modified to stave off youth unemployment, and to enhance the capacity of the government and private sector to design and implement programmes for promoting employment. The findings shed light that the policy implementers do not have adequate capacity to help the youth realise socio-economic empowerment. Several challenges have continued to affect the attempts to implement sustainable youth empowerment programmes. This paper recommends that there is need to involve the youth in policy formulation and implementation in order to achieve employability through youth programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 935-946
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1977111
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1977111
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# input file: CDSA_A_1900789_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Dorothea Christina Schoeman
Author-X-Name-First: Dorothea Christina
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoeman
Author-Name: Isaac Tebogo Rampedi
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Tebogo
Author-X-Name-Last: Rampedi
Title: Household recycling and Millennials: A case study of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Increasing waste quantities are hampering the City of Johannesburg to prolong the lifespan of landfill sites while attempting to adopt an integrated solid waste management approach. Although all inhabitants need to play a meaningful role in reducing this burden, Millennials have an even more crucial contribution to make as they constitute 34.3% of the local population. By means of questionnaire-administered interviews, this case study investigated knowledge of recycling benefits, participation levels and reasons for non-participation among Millennials in Johannesburg. Five hypotheses were also tested to assess the relationship between recycling behaviour and socio-demographical attributes. It was found that although the majority of respondents understood the benefits of recycling, 61.1% were not involved in waste recycling. Also, the respondent's attributes did not influence their recycling behaviour. It is, therefore, recommended that the city's management should provide recycling facilities at accessible distances so that waste sorting and recovery rates can be enhanced.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 813-829
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1900789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1900789
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# input file: CDSA_A_1963213_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Phumzile Ncube
Author-X-Name-First: Phumzile
Author-X-Name-Last: Ncube
Author-Name: Fiona Tregenna
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Tregenna
Title: Input-output linkages and interdependence between countries in Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 Regional industrialisation and integration form part of the economic policy priorities of a number of countries in Southern Africa and of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Manufacturing can be seen as a key driver of domestic and regional industrialisation and growth, given its ability to exhibit high backward and forward input-output linkages. While most input-output research for African countries explores domestic input-output linkages, this paper investigates inter-country intersectoral linkages among five Southern African countries for the years 2000 and 2015. We find that linkages tend to be highest in the manufacturing sector, particularly in ‘food and beverages’, across the countries in the study. We also find that the highest inter-country linkages are found between neighbouring countries. These findings suggest that regional growth may benefit from promoting manufacturing, especially agro-processing sectors. Regional integration may benefit from a specific focus on bilateral relationships between neighbouring countries.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1021-1035
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1963213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1963213
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# input file: CDSA_A_1941779_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: T. J. Friderichs
Author-X-Name-First: T. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Friderichs
Author-Name: G. Keeton
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keeton
Author-Name: M. Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Title: Measuring human capital in South Africa using a socioeconomic status human capital index approach
Abstract: 
 The Human Capital Index (HCI) developed by the [World Bank, 2018a. The human capital project. World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 Accessed 26 February 2019] provides a measure which can be used to study human capital (HC) productivity gaps between countries. The HCI uses measures of survival, education and health to estimate, at a country level, the HC ‘a child born today can expect to attain by her/his 18th birthday, given the risks of poor health and poor education where she lives’ [World Bank, 2018a. The human capital project. World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 Accessed 26 February 2019, 2]. The socioeconomic disaggregated human capital index (SES-HCI), an extension of the HCI, provides a means for analysing HC inequalities within countries. This study estimates SES-HCIs for South Africa by income quintiles, school quintiles, geographical area, gender and race. The main driver of HC inequalities in all the SES indicators is found to be the quality of schooling. Factors to address the inequalities and the limitations of the measuring instruments are identified.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 903-920
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1941779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1941779
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# input file: CDSA_A_1913099_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Owen Gohori
Author-X-Name-First: Owen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gohori
Author-Name: Peet vander Merwe
Author-X-Name-First: Peet
Author-X-Name-Last: vander Merwe
Title: Limitations to community participation in tourism from local people’s perspectives: Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 This article, examines the perspectives of rural people in Manicaland on the barriers to community participation in tourism. A qualitative approach was selected to give local people from the four districts of Manicaland a voice. In-depth interviews, observations and informal conversations were used to collect data. Data was collected from the various levels of the local communities. Data was collected from 43 local people in Manicaland and twenty more interviews were done with key informants. The findings indicate that local people are limited to participate in tourism by their lack of tourism knowledge, limited finance, peripherality, the marginalisation of women, and elite domination. Suggestions are made to mitigate these barriers. These findings may expose the strengths and weaknesses of the current strategies and approaches used to promote community participation in Zimbabwe’s community-based tourism development, making way for the best policies and approaches to boost community participation in tourism.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 841-855
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913099
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# input file: CDSA_A_1913999_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Faeez Nackerdien
Author-X-Name-First: Faeez
Author-X-Name-Last: Nackerdien
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Examining time use patterns in South Africa, 2000–2010
Abstract: 
 This study comprehensively examines time use patterns in South Africa by Systems of National Accounts (SNA) classification, with the aid of the 2000 and 2010 Time Use Survey (TUS) data. The empirical findings indicated that both mean SNA and non-SNA production time increased at the expense of mean non-productive time, with the former increase being attributed to work in establishments and household maintenance activities, respectively. Mean work in establishments time was particularly higher for middle-aged white male individuals who were highly educated, employed, lived in Western Cape and Gauteng, and resided in small-sized households. On the contrary, mean unpaid work time (especially household maintenance) was higher for unemployed female Africans. Furthermore, individuals in the weighted sample spent over 50% of their time on personal care whereas 20% time was spent on SNA and non-SNA production (paid and unpaid work) altogether. Lastly, all individuals spent non-zero time on personal care activities.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 856-886
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913999
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913999
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# input file: CDSA_A_1890547_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Maureen Mudzonga
Author-X-Name-First: Maureen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudzonga
Title: Migration management and health service delivery: A case of the Zimbabwe public health sector
Abstract: 
 Poor economic conditions in Zimbabwe have greatly contributed to irregular emigration and brain drain with the public health sector seriously affected. This article identifies and critiques the strategies underpinning the out-migration management policy framework that regulates the movement of health professionals in Zimbabwe. It highlights strategies that can ensure that the state derives maximum benefits from its trained personnel, reduce their emigration and benefit from their movement without infringing on their freedoms of choice and movement. Qualitative techniques were used to gather data with in-depth interviews and questionnaires as data collection tools. Results show that previous strategies put in place to manage health professionals’ emigration in Zimbabwe have not effectively harnessed the benefits from that movement. The article concludes that the government should take advantage of existing initiatives and craft a robust out-migration management policy framework that infuses all merits of the individual strategies to effectively manage emigration. This should include strategies such as reduction in hiring expatriates and using the funds to improve remuneration of locals to reduce skills flight; making arrangements for excess labour export to countries in need of such labour for a fee and initiating diaspora engagement initiatives to facilitate skills transfer from the emigrated professionals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 801-812
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1890547
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1890547
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# input file: CDSA_A_2103519_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Emeka E. Obioha
Author-X-Name-First: Emeka E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Obioha
Title: State response to homelessness in South Africa: A multi-agency housing focused intervention approach considered
Abstract: 
 This paper articulates state response to homelessness through multi-agency intervention in South Africa. While it argues strongly on relativity of homelessness, it however agrees with previous authors on common constituents of the concept. Based on secondary sources this paper delves into what constitutes homelessness and why there has been homelessness in the country, due to one or a combination of structural and individual related drivers. It further explores the state’s use of a multi-agency housing focused approach that integrates appropriate legislations, social services interventions and public works, where over 3.3 million houses have been delivered in the country. While in-depth review of available data indicated significant increase in housing provision, the strategy is confronted with human, material, and rising need concerns. Importantly, there is no certainty yet on the extent to which the ‘street homeless’ and marginalised groups of the poor are served equally to other categories of the homeless.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 990-1006
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2103519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2103519
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# input file: CDSA_A_1915750_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Todd Benson
Author-X-Name-First: Todd
Author-X-Name-Last: Benson
Author-Name: Bob Baulch
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Baulch
Author-Name: Yanjanani Lifeyo
Author-X-Name-First: Yanjanani
Author-X-Name-Last: Lifeyo
Author-Name: Priscilla Mkweta
Author-X-Name-First: Priscilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkweta
Title: Malawi’s slowly changing employment landscape and its implications for youth
Abstract: 
 We examine Malawi’s employment landscape between 2004/05 and 2016/17, focusing on sectoral change and youth entering the workforce. Little evidence of a structural transformation in cross sectoral patterns of employment is found. The share of employment in agriculture rose slightly over the period, though the share of full time equivalent jobs declined in the sector. The analysis shows that younger youth are not participating in the limited employment growth in the service sector. Agriculture remains the sector in which most Malawians first obtain employment. Only later in their working lives are Malawian workers, particularly males, in a position to obtain work outside of agriculture. With limited structural change occurring in the economy, Malawi’s challenging employment landscape for youth is characterised by a scarcity of jobs outside agriculture and insufficient work within the sector.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 887-902
Issue: 6
Volume: 39
Year: 2022
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1915750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1915750
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# input file: CDSA_A_2046549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Laurine Chikoko
Author-X-Name-First: Laurine
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikoko
Author-Name: Blessing Mukabeta Maumbe
Author-X-Name-First: Blessing Mukabeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Maumbe
Title: Supermarket resilience in Zimbabwe’s volatile macroeconomic environment
Abstract: 
 The paper describes sources of resilience in Zimbabwe’s supermarket value chains and the strategies for building resilience. Although Zimbabwe has witnessed a steady growth in the number of supermarkets, that growth has been disrupted by the volatile operating environment. Data was collected from an online survey of supermarket managers, websites and secondary sources. The study found that franchising, extensive branch networks, mergers and acquisitions and multiple store formats have provided major supermarkets such as OK, TM/Pick n Pay and Spar with an adaptive capacity that has enabled them to operate for several decades in Zimbabwe’s volatile food retail sector. These findings have implications for improving government policy making and supermarket managers’ knowledge on developing resilient food systems under a turbulent macroeconomic environment. Further, the study provides key insights on strategies that are indispensable for building the necessary resilience ingredients required by supermarkets to absorb shocks and recover in a timely way.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 208-222
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2046549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2046549
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# input file: CDSA_A_1983411_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Prudence Kwenda
Author-X-Name-First: Prudence
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwenda
Author-Name: Miracle Ntuli
Author-X-Name-First: Miracle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli
Author-Name: Gibson Mudiriza
Author-X-Name-First: Gibson
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudiriza
Title: Exploring unemployment differentials between former and non-former homeland areas in South Africa: A decomposition approach
Abstract: 
 This study decomposes the unemployment rate gap between former and non-former homeland areas in South Africa. We apply the Oaxaca–Blinder [1973] decomposition technique to the 2011 population census community profiles at the main place level. Results indicate that former homeland areas suffer from relatively higher rates of unemployment compared to non-former homeland areas. The 24%-point difference is primarily explained by differences in former homeland area main place endowments. Interventions that improve educational attainment in former homeland areas and those that are sensitive to the labour market challenges faced by black South African youth and women are essential to alleviate the spatial gap.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 166-190
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1983411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1983411
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# input file: CDSA_A_1945912_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Haroon Bhorat
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhorat
Author-Name: Mumbi E. Kimani
Author-X-Name-First: Mumbi E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimani
Author-Name: James Lappeman
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Lappeman
Author-Name: Paul Egan
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Egan
Title: Characterisation, definition, and measurement issues of the middle class in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 In this study, we evaluate how both the definition of middle class and the dataset considered affect the estimated size of the middle class in sub-Saharan Africa. By considering the feasibility of a single definition of a middle class for all African countries based on the World Bank’s PovcalNet database, we estimate the size of this segment for a selection of countries. As part of the regional analysis, we follow with a country and city case study for Kenya and Nairobi. In the case study, to show the complexity and dynamics involved in the measurement at a more disaggregated level, we add the dynamic of currency unit conversion. This statistical assessment, as an investigation into the accuracy of past and current estimates of the middle class in sub-Saharan Africa, is helpful for both assessing the growth of the middle class on the continent and its potential to attract foreign investment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 39-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1945912
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# input file: CDSA_A_1980374_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Nicholas Ngepah
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngepah
Author-Name: Phindile N. Nkosi
Author-X-Name-First: Phindile N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nkosi
Author-Name: A. E. Ndzignat Mouteyica
Author-X-Name-First: A. E. Ndzignat
Author-X-Name-Last: Mouteyica
Author-Name: Charles Shaaba Saba
Author-X-Name-First: Charles Shaaba
Author-X-Name-Last: Saba
Title: The impact of freight infrastructure investment on employment in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The purpose of the current study is to assess the economic impact of Transnet’s infrastructure investment on employment in the South African economy. We used data from Transnet, the South African Reserve Bank and Quantec dating from 1992 to 2016. Hausman–Taylor, pooled OLS, random effects and dynamic fixed effect models are used to validate the results. The estimated results reveal that capital investment in rail transportation creates employment, while investment in pipelines and seaports does not affect the employment level in the South African economy. In terms of the sectors of the economy, our findings show that Transnet’s investments in rail, seaports and pipelines have a significant impact on mining for all the skill levels. An analysis of each transportation mode reveals that investments in rail affect the employment in agriculture and mining sectors. For the seaports and pipelines, jobs originate from the mining, wholesale and retail sectors.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 133-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980374
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980374
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# input file: CDSA_A_1980376_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Tomy Ncube
Author-X-Name-First: Tomy
Author-X-Name-Last: Ncube
Author-Name: Raymond Chipfakacha
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond
Author-X-Name-Last: Chipfakacha
Title: On crossroads between the right to shelter and looming chances of displacement: Charting towards a resilient and sustainable framework for rural dwellers in flood-prone areas
Abstract: 
 Flood-induced displacements are a common feature in rural Zimbabwe and there seems to be a lack of deliberate policy and political commitment from the government. Several factors have increased the susceptibility of communities to flood hazards, ranging from poor housing structures, lack of building standards to ensure resilient structures, and climate change. This paper is an outcome of a one-year study from March 2018 to March 2019. The study adopted a qualitative approach which entailed the use of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Fifty participants were purposively sampled for the study. Study findings reflect a gap in political attention as a root to addressing internal displacement. Lack of social and economic capital also plays an attributional role as a factor that has exacerbated the plight of internally displaced persons. The study recommends the government to adopt an Internally Displaced Persons policy and establish a commission that monitors rural settlement structures to enhance community resilience.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 152-165
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1980376
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# input file: CDSA_A_1932426_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Samuel Tumwesigye
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Tumwesigye
Author-Name: Matthias Vanmaercke
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanmaercke
Author-Name: Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa-Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemerijckx
Author-Name: Alfonse Opio
Author-X-Name-First: Alfonse
Author-X-Name-Last: Opio
Author-Name: Jean Poesen
Author-X-Name-First: Jean
Author-X-Name-Last: Poesen
Author-Name: Ronald Twongyirwe
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Twongyirwe
Author-Name: Anton Van Rompaey
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Rompaey
Title: Spatial patterns of urbanisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Uganda
Abstract: 
 Sub-Saharan Africa is rapidly urbanising. This urbanisation may contribute to socio-economic development as more people participate in the urban economy. Nevertheless, rapid urbanisation is not always sustainable. Primary cities often grow fast, leaving secondary towns lagging behind with weaker economies. Viable strategies for sustainable urbanisation may therefore also need to focus on developing secondary towns. Nevertheless, very few studies, hitherto, have assessed the (relative) importance of secondary towns in urbanisation process in Sub-Saharan Africa. We aim to address this gap by studying the patterns and explanatory factors of urban population growth in Uganda. Based on a longitudinal analysis of population rank-size distribution, we show that the population distribution gap between secondary towns and the primary city is widening. Nevertheless, statistical analyses further indicate that secondary towns with above 50 000 inhabitants have the highest population growth rates. This indicates that future investments should aim at upgrading socio-economic infrastructures in secondary towns.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1932426
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# input file: CDSA_A_1993793_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Sophie Plagerson
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Plagerson
Title: Mainstreaming poverty, inequality and social exclusion: A systematic assessment of public policy in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Many developing countries experience high levels of poverty and inequality. The South African Constitution and the National Development Plan 2030 establish poverty, inequality and social exclusion as central to national policy mandates. This article reports the findings of a systematic assessment of the extent to which these mandates have been grafted into the laws, policy and strategy documents across public policy sectors. The study reviews both the frequency of references to poverty, inequality and social exclusion (differentiated by gender, race, disability status and spatial dimensions), as well as the qualitative nature of engagement with these issues. Findings show that there is at least a moderate degree of engagement with poverty, inequality and social exclusion across all sectors, although the permeation into sectoral policies is uneven. There is a much higher level of recognition in policy and strategy documents in comparison with legislative documents.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 191-207
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1993793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1993793
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# input file: CDSA_A_1965865_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kaizer M. Nyatsumba
Author-X-Name-First: Kaizer M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyatsumba
Author-Name: R. I. David Pooe
Author-X-Name-First: R. I.
Author-X-Name-Last: David Pooe
Title: Failure to implement a turnaround strategy at South African Airways: Reflections from strategic players
Abstract: 
 For a number of years now, the South African Airways limped from one turnaround strategy to another, with little or no success. While there is a body of knowledge on turnaround strategies, little is known about the implementation of turnaround strategies in developing economies such as South Africa and of state-owned enterprises at that. The aim of this article was to explore some constraints experienced by SAA in the implementation of its Long-Term Turnaround Strategy. Purposive sampling was used to select participants to be interviewed for this study. Data were collected primarily through semi-structured interviews from 37 participants. Using thematic analysis, the following six themes emerged from the data analysis: shareholder’s slow decision making, undercapitalisation of the airline, unstable political leadership, unhealthy board dynamics, leadership instability, and lack of management skills.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 76-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1965865
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1965865
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# input file: CDSA_A_1954883_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Godfred Anakpo
Author-X-Name-First: Godfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Anakpo
Author-Name: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
Author-X-Name-First: Umakrishnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kollamparambil
Title: Family structure and household well-being: Evidence from South Africa
Abstract: 
 The interaction between family structure and household well-being has received considerable attention in research over the past decades. Very few studies, however, go beyond linking marital component of family structure with household income. This paper uses cross-sectional and panel analytic techniques with data from National Income Dynamic Survey (NIDS) to investigate the effects of family structure on household well-being. Findings from this study show that intact married and cohabiting households have significant positive relationship with household reported well-being, and subjective wellbeing, respectively. Furthermore, extended households, households headed by females and grandparents, have significant negative relationship with household income and consumption. Lastly, bigger household size has significant negative relationship with household reported well-being. Based on the findings, policy towards economic empowerment for poorer households, enhancing income generating, and livelihood projects are recommended.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 57-75
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1954883
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1954883
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# input file: CDSA_A_1973887_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Revisiting the COVID-19 vulnerability index in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study uses the Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016 data, adopts the Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty index (MPI) approach and addresses numerous shortcomings of the original Statistics South Africa method by including numerous indicators from four dimensions (socio-economic, demographic, housing and hygiene, health) to derive a revised COVID-19 vulnerability index. The empirical findings indicate the index was relatively higher for African female individuals living in rural areas of the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, coming from households headed by elderly aged 55 years or above. Alfred Nzo, Amathole, Harry Gwala, OR Tambo and Umzinyathi are the five district councils that are most vulnerable to COVID-19 (the first four were declared COVID-19 hotspot areas by the South African government in December 2020). The results of the index decomposition found that indicators from the housing and hygiene dimension contributed most to the COVID-19 vulnerability.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 91-108
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1973887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1973887
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# input file: CDSA_A_1978933_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ratema Mahalika
Author-X-Name-First: Ratema
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahalika
Author-Name: Velenkosini Matsebula
Author-X-Name-First: Velenkosini
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsebula
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Investigating the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The literature on financial inclusion (FI) and poverty connections has received considerable attention, but there exists a scarcity of South African studies examining the relationship between FI and poverty. This study fills this research gap by analysing the 2011 and 2016 FinScope data. Principal Components Analysis was applied to consider indicators from four FI dimensions (access, usage, quality and welfare) to derive a financial inclusion index (FII), before the relative approach was used to distinguish the financially included and excluded individuals separately. The empirical findings indicated that lowly educated Africans residing in the rural areas of Eastern Cape, Free State and Limpopo provinces were associated with a greater likelihood of being financially excluded, whereas individuals coming from the lower FII quintiles suffered greater money-metric poverty likelihood. Lastly, the proportion of people who were both money-metric poor and financially excluded declined from 19.5% to 15.4% between 2011 and 2016.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 109-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1978933
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# input file: CDSA_A_1941780_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Steffi Barandereka Nineza
Author-X-Name-First: Steffi Barandereka
Author-X-Name-Last: Nineza
Author-Name: Caren Brenda Scheepers
Author-X-Name-First: Caren Brenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheepers
Title: Exploring leaders’ inclusiveness in post-conflict political transitions in East and Southern Africa
Abstract: 
 A great deal of research has shown that current conflicts are in fact recurrences of past conflicts. While some studies focused on underlying causes of these conflicts, political leaders’ inclusiveness as influence had been neglected. This article addresses this gap by exploring the role of inclusive leadership in the context of post-conflict political transitions in East and Southern Africa. Based on semi-structured interviews with former Presidents, Prime Ministers and experts in the fields of conflict resolution, and peacekeeping, we found that leaders’ inclusiveness play critical roles in preventing conflict recurrence and maintaining social cohesion. We identified specific barriers and enablers to this role in developing a conceptual framework of leader inclusiveness, inclusive practices, barriers and outcomes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 22-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1941780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1941780
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# input file: CDSA_A_1981250_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Zara Trafford
Author-X-Name-First: Zara
Author-X-Name-Last: Trafford
Author-Name: Leslie Swartz
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Swartz
Title: The Care Dependency Grant for children with disabilities in South Africa: Perspectives from implementation officials
Abstract: 
 For people with disabilities, appropriate social protection interventions can contribute to breaking the cyclical relationship between poverty and disability and may improve social inclusion. In South Africa, a national social assistance programme provides ‘social grants’ to individuals on the basis of poverty, age, or disability. These grants have been extensively studied but there has been little investigation into the Care Dependency Grant, designed to support the care of children with disabilities. These children consistently have far poorer outcomes on key metrics for wellbeing, health, and education than their non-disabled peers. More attention ought to be focused on uplifting this profoundly marginalised population. We present initial findings from interviews with officials at the South African Social Security Agency, the country’s grants implementation agency. These narratives add weight to the growing local and international consensus that complementary interventions and effective intersectoral collaboration may greatly enhance the impact of cash transfers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 259-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1981250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1981250
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# input file: CDSA_A_1984874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Michael Wellington
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Wellington
Author-Name: Miranda Mortlock
Author-X-Name-First: Miranda
Author-X-Name-Last: Mortlock
Author-Name: Pelotshweu Moepeng
Author-X-Name-First: Pelotshweu
Author-X-Name-Last: Moepeng
Title: Evaluating food transfers in Botswana using multiple matching methods
Abstract: 
 Data from a household survey in Botswana were analysed to assess the effectiveness of food transfers. Food transfers have been contentious, and much assessment has focused on market participation while overlooking direct impacts on hunger. This paper quantitatively assesses food transfers while controlling for selection bias. Responses to food insecurity questions and Body Mass Index of the head of household were tested for association with socioeconomic variables using logistic and ordinal regression. Respondents who were female (p < .0001), lived outside major cities and towns (p = .0002), lived in larger households (p < .0001), or had never received formal education (p < .0001) were more likely to report hunger and be underweight. After controlling for selection bias using several Propensity Score and Exact Matching methods, we showed that food transfers reduced the proportion of respondents reporting hunger (p = .017 with Optimal 1:2 matching). This demonstrates that food transfers targeted the hungry and alleviated household food insecurity.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 273-292
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1984874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1984874
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# input file: CDSA_A_2059449_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Israel Mbekezeli Dabengwa
Author-X-Name-First: Israel Mbekezeli
Author-X-Name-Last: Dabengwa
Author-Name: Zibusiso Nyati-Jokomo
Author-X-Name-First: Zibusiso
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyati-Jokomo
Author-Name: Laurine Chikoko
Author-X-Name-First: Laurine
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikoko
Author-Name: Prestige Tatenda Makanga
Author-X-Name-First: Prestige Tatenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Makanga
Author-Name: Newton Nyapwere
Author-X-Name-First: Newton
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyapwere
Author-Name: Liberty Makacha
Author-X-Name-First: Liberty
Author-X-Name-Last: Makacha
Title: A participatory learning approach for the development of a maternal mobile health technology in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Participatory Learning Approaches (PLAs) were used in identifying community expectations and needs for the introduction of the RoadMApp mHealth software (a geographically enabled mHealth technology which would link pregnant women to transportation to health facilities) in Kwekwe District, Zimbabwe. The sampling frame included different demographic groups which voluntarily took part in the study. 84 participants took part in the study. Chapati visual methods were conducted on Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) at 3 Rural Health Centres, whilst in-depth informant interviews (IDIs) and problem tree analysis were conducted at 10 clinics in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. Thematic analysis and root-cause-analysis were used to interpret the data. Major themes identified were (a.) unavailability of savings for institutional childbirth, (b.) transport problems, and (c.) donor dependency. We recommend RoadMApp mHealth software to look beyond catering for transportation and savings for pregnancy related conditions, but inclusion of other health conditions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 421-440
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2059449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2059449
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# input file: CDSA_A_2028604_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Karline Tryphone
Author-X-Name-First: Karline
Author-X-Name-Last: Tryphone
Author-Name: Beatrice K. Mkenda
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mkenda
Title: Determinants and constraints of women’s sole-owned tourism micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tanzania
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the determinants and challenges affecting women sole owners of tourism-related enterprises. It identifies factors that determine sole ownership, assesses the extent to which women participate as sole owners and the challenges encountered in establishing and operating enterprises. Primary data on 475 women-owned enterprises is analysed using a probit model. We find that post-primary education, attendance of specialised training in tourism, engagement in other economic activities, and being previously employed reduces the likelihood of solely owning a business, while initiation of the business idea increases it. We recommend offering women entrepreneurial education to enable them acquire experience, develop right attitudes and foster networks for entrepreneurship. Furthermore, increasing awareness on availability and access to the Women Development Fund (WDF) and strengthening the enforcement of laws governing ownership of land could provide women with start-up capital and means to access formal loans that require collateral.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 329-349
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028604
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# input file: CDSA_A_2018289_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Happy Mathew Tirivangasi
Author-X-Name-First: Happy Mathew
Author-X-Name-Last: Tirivangasi
Author-Name: Louis Nyahunda
Author-X-Name-First: Louis
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyahunda
Author-Name: Thembinkosi Mabila
Author-X-Name-First: Thembinkosi
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabila
Author-Name: Taurai Zingwena
Author-X-Name-First: Taurai
Author-X-Name-Last: Zingwena
Title: Exploring Humanitarian response strategies in the aftermath of disasters induced by climate change in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 This study explored the humanitarian responses to the scourges of climate change-related disasters in the Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe in southern Africa. This is against the backdrop of climate-induced disasters that have plagued the region before, with some of its consequences visible in the present day. Eleven humanitarian organisations that can aid victims of Cyclone Idai in 2019 were selected through purposive and convenience sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. Also, data from which the findings were derived were analysed in terms of their thematic content. The study established that there was a commendable response from humanitarian organisations in addressing the destructive consequences of the cyclone. Some of the response strategies included the provision of food and non-food items, psychosocial support and counselling services, the protection of women and girls from abuse, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of infrastructure. We recommend that humanitarian organisations need to strengthen their disaster preparedness strategies in anticipation of unpredicted and potential destructive effects of climate change that place human lives and livelihoods at great risk.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 313-328
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018289
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# input file: CDSA_A_2036106_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Louis Koen
Author-X-Name-First: Louis
Author-X-Name-Last: Koen
Author-Name: Elmarie Susan Fourie
Author-X-Name-First: Elmarie Susan
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie
Title: Waste pickers and the law: Contradictory and fragmented regulation in three metropolitan municipalities
Abstract: 
 This contribution explores the contemporary regulatory framework pertaining to waste pickers. It does so by analysing certain municipal bylaws in three metropolitan municipalities, namely the City of Johannesburg; Ekurhuleni and the City of Cape-Town, that impact upon these vulnerable workers. It additionally considers the protection offered to waste pickers by the Department of Water Affairs Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill and analyses the extent to which these minimum requirements create legally enforceable rights for waste pickers within the three metropolitan municipalities. It concludes with a range of policy suggestions for the extension of protection to a greater number of waste pickers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 373-389
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036106
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# input file: CDSA_A_2070455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tariro Kamuti
Author-X-Name-First: Tariro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kamuti
Title: Sustainable urban tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa: Risk and resilience
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 482-484
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070455
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# input file: CDSA_A_1977612_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Erisher Woyo
Author-X-Name-First: Erisher
Author-X-Name-Last: Woyo
Author-Name: Elmarie Slabbert
Author-X-Name-First: Elmarie
Author-X-Name-Last: Slabbert
Title: Competitiveness factors influencing tourists’ intention to return and recommend: evidence from a distressed destination
Abstract: 
 Assessing destination competitiveness from a tourist perspective has been limited, especially for distressed destinations such as Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has been facing ongoing political and economic challenges for more than two decades which puts pressure on the growth of the tourism industry. However, all destinations compete in the same space for tourists’ attention, forcing marketers to continuously develop strategies to enhance competitiveness and increase tourist returns and recommendations. This paper focuses on identifying competitiveness factors that influence tourists’ intention to return and recommend. Based on a sample of 450 international tourists to Zimbabwe, results show that unique to a distressed destination, the residents’ hospitality and friendliness is the most important predictor for the intention to return. This emphasises the role of residents in making the destination more competitive and attractive. General amenities, attractions and destination management are also significant predictors of return intentions. Tourists' intentions to recommend are largely predicted by the destination's resources. Encouraging visitors to revisit and recommend can assist a distressed destination in increasing visitor numbers on a limited marketing budget. Understanding these factors could also help managers to improve the negative image of the destination.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 243-258
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1977612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1977612
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# input file: CDSA_A_1974820_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tembi M. Tichaawa
Author-X-Name-First: Tembi M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tichaawa
Author-Name: Frederick Dayour
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick
Author-X-Name-Last: Dayour
Author-Name: Robin Nunkoo
Author-X-Name-First: Robin
Author-X-Name-Last: Nunkoo
Title: Residents’ trust in government, tourism impacts, and quality of life: Testing a structural model
Abstract: 
 There is a paucity of research on political trust in local government institutions involved in tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the drivers of public trust and its influence on residents’ well-being by developing a theoretical model grounded in the social exchange theory. The model is tested using data collected on 1409 residents of four major cities in Cameroon. Results from the Partial-Least-Squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) suggest that residents perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism, knowledge of tourism, perceived power in tourism, and satisfaction with tourism significantly predicted their trust in government actors. Residents perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism were also significantly associated with their quality of life. The theoretical and practical relevance of these results are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 223-242
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1974820
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1974820
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# input file: CDSA_A_1993794_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: S. Senbore
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Senbore
Author-Name: S. A. Oke
Author-X-Name-First: S. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oke
Title: Urban development impact on climate variability and surface water quality in part of Mangaung metropolis of South Africa
Abstract: 
 The overpopulation of urban centres accelerates land use patterns, slum creation and generation of contaminants. As such, this study seeks to investigate the impact of rapid urbanisation on climate variability and surface water quality around Mangaung metropolis. Remote sensing was employed to analyse land use land cover (LULC), normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized differential water index (NDWI) changes for a period of 30 years in the Mangaung metropolis. Furthermore, the historical water quality of important rivers and dams were studied in respect of urban contamination. LULC revealed that the urban areas increased exponentially which led to increased loss of vegetation cover and shortage of water availability. The rainfall and water type evolution suggests the influence of urbanisation. This suggests urbanisation accelerates the loss of vegetation cover, thus causing an increase in temperature and reduction in the amount of rainfall, thereby reducing the surface water quantity in the study area.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 293-312
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1993794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1993794
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# input file: CDSA_A_2085667_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sandile Mthethwa
Author-X-Name-First: Sandile
Author-X-Name-Last: Mthethwa
Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale
Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Wale
Title: Household vulnerability to climate change in South Africa: A multilevel regression model
Abstract: 
 This study measures the vulnerability of households to food insecurity by measuring the risk or threat posed by climate change. This is conducted using multilevel or hierarchal regression, an extension of the “Three Stage Least Squares” model. Unlike the standard ordinary least squares regression model, this model can produce estimates of different hierarchal levels and produce unbiased reliable standard errors. With a sample size of 18,444 households nested within nine provinces, the findings show that climate change is a reality in South Africa, and it poses serious threats that expose households to future food consumption inadequacies. This study also offers a deeper understanding of the different sources of vulnerability among these households. Poverty or structural-induced vulnerability emerged as the main source of vulnerability for South African households. Climate change-induced vulnerabilities were also found to be prevalent and detrimental in rural areas with Limpopo and Eastern Cape being the most vulnerable provinces.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 466-481
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2085667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2085667
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# input file: CDSA_A_2036595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Timothy Olaniyi Aluko
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Olaniyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Aluko
Author-Name: Paul Kibuuka
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Kibuuka
Title: Effectiveness in the small enterprise state grant-funded programme performance – a balanced scorecard application
Abstract: 
 This article presents and discusses theoretical and conceptual models to measure the effectiveness of a state grant-funded programme. The models were used to formulate the perspectives and strategic objectives a state programme can consider to implement and evaluate performance. The behavioural experiments method was adopted to test the validity of the study assumptions. The methodological contribution of the study is the development and application of balanced scorecard perspectives broken down into key performance objectives and key performance indicators evaluated in terms of an effective level scale. The lowest effectiveness level implies that the overall performance is very low while the highest effectiveness level implies that the performance of the programme is optimised. The study contributes to the current debate and a deviation from previous research. The fact that there is a direct link between expectations of performance, effectiveness and the objectives of publicly-funded programmes is another empirical contribution worth pursuing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 390-405
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036595
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2036595
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# input file: CDSA_A_2070454_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Benjamin J. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Jarè Struwig
Author-X-Name-First: Jarè
Author-X-Name-Last: Struwig
Author-Name: Steven L. Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Steven L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Author-Name: Thobeka Zondi
Author-X-Name-First: Thobeka
Author-X-Name-Last: Zondi
Author-Name: Sylvia Hannan
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Hannan
Author-Name: Michael Gastrow
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Gastrow
Title: Generation of change? South African attitudes towards climate change in comparative perspective
Abstract: 
 The risks posed by climate change have become increasingly apparent. In response, the South African government has introduced various policy measures, reflecting a commitment to transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Successfully navigating this transition requires policy processes to take account of individual preferences, concerns, and lived realities. Yet a significant knowledge gap remains. Data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS, 2017) are used to test aspects of the Stern’s value-belief-norm model. Climate beliefs, climate concern and personal responsibility are profiled. The strongest predictors of climate concern are a belief in the reality of climate change, expectations of negative impacts, and the salience afforded to climate change. In turn, climate concern, attribution scepticism, and impact scepticism are most likely to determine feelings of personal responsibility to reduce climate change. These findings have implications for climate change communication and interventions to minimise the human development consequences of climate change.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 441-465
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070454
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# input file: CDSA_A_2046550_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Priviledge Cheteni
Author-X-Name-First: Priviledge
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheteni
Author-Name: Adrino Mazenda
Author-X-Name-First: Adrino
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazenda
Title: Economic impact of government intervention in response to covid-19 in selected sub-Saharan African countries
Abstract: 
 This article provides insights into the economic impact of government actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in selected Sub-Saharan Africa countries, purposively selected. A fixed-effect modelling approach was utilised drawing on Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) database from January 21 to September 17, 2020, in South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Uganda. Key findings entail those announcements of government lockdowns were positively related to COVID-19 cases and negatively related to restrictions on internal movement and interest rate decisions from the central banks. Governments’ announcements regarding income support packages and debt relief were related to the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. With most global economies grappling with a second wave, and the consequences of the first surge in both social well-being and economic growth, income and debt relief strategies should be continued to benefit households and companies. In addition, countries in the Africa-Sub Saharan region must create a relief fund to support members in distress. Finally, a sustainable regional model on business and tourism must be created to foster development and growth during periods of partial or total lockdown.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 406-420
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2046550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2046550
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# input file: CDSA_A_2028605_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Madeleine Coste
Author-X-Name-First: Madeleine
Author-X-Name-Last: Coste
Author-Name: Laura Pereira
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira
Author-Name: Andrew Charman
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Charman
Author-Name: Leif Petersen
Author-X-Name-First: Leif
Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen
Author-Name: Corinna Hawkes
Author-X-Name-First: Corinna
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkes
Title: ‘Hampers’ as an effective strategy to shift towards sustainable diets in South African low-income communities
Abstract: 
 Transitioning towards sustainable diets is imperative to avoid the worst effects of climate change, environmental degradation, and malnutrition. In South Africa, households most vulnerable to food insecurity employ various strategies to access food. These include purchasing hampers; a combination of staple foods sold in bulk at a discounted price, which are cake wheat flour, super maize meal, white sugar, cooking oil, and white parboiled rice. We explore the barriers and opportunities for hampers to advance sustainable diets in the context of Cape Town. Our findings show hampers contain energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Furthermore, we find that brand loyalty plays an important role in households’ purchase of hampers. We conclude there is potential to leverage hampers to become a sustainable strategy through which people can access healthier food by working with retailers to offer nutritious and sustainably produced alternatives. Such change would require challenging retailers’ and consumers’ understanding of what ‘necessities’ are.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 350-372
Issue: 2
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028605
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# input file: CDSA_A_2054777_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Darren Harder
Author-X-Name-First: Darren
Author-X-Name-Last: Harder
Author-Name: Caren Brenda Scheepers
Author-X-Name-First: Caren Brenda
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheepers
Title: Impact investment: Multiple stakeholders’ measurement of financial and social benefits
Abstract: 
 The Impact Investing market which seeks to create intentional social impact, requires effective impact measurement. This research used exploratory methods to examine the Impact Investing market in South Africa. In total, 12 professionals in South Africa were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The interview pool included evaluation experts, managers and directors within intermediary businesses and owners of businesses who receive impact investment funds. While existing literature indicates three stakeholder groups, our study identified four groups and highlighted the lack of attention to beneficiaries as a stakeholder group. Our study found that stakeholder engagement should be a continuous process. We identified three key phases within an investment cycle and aligned important impact measurement and stakeholder engagement processes within each of the phases. Noting the different needs of intermediaries and investees, the key phases and corresponding processes are mapped in a Stakeholder Integrated Impact Measurement Conceptual Framework.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 653-674
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2054777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2054777
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# input file: CDSA_A_2018994_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anne Cafer
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Cafer
Author-Name: Rachel Haggard
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Haggard
Author-Name: Mary S. Willis
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: S. Willis
Author-Name: Patricia Kasoma
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kasoma
Title: Commercialising traditional market shares: A qualitative study of impacted peasant livelihoods in Copperbelt province, Zambia
Abstract: 
 The perceived impact of commercialisation on peasant livelihoods was examined in this qualitative study. To understand the scope of commercialisation for open-air goods, an inventory of large grocery retailers and open-air markets (OAMs) in Zambia’s Copperbelt Province was completed. Interviews were conducted with sellers (n = 100) and urban consumers (n = 40). More than 80% of market sellers reported a reduction in sales and more than 80% of households indicated they shopped less often at OAMs because they could buy similar items cheaper at large retailers. Findings suggest targeted investment in seller cooperatives and small retailers would improve livelihoods and urban food security.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 525-540
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018994
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# input file: CDSA_A_2014785_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Martin Tichaona Muchero
Author-X-Name-First: Martin Tichaona
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchero
Author-Name: Charles L. Machethe
Author-X-Name-First: Charles L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe
Title: Sound and cohesively implemented rural development strategies: A missing link in Africa’s fight against poverty?
Abstract: 
 Success in fighting poverty in Africa will largely depend on the extent to which rural poverty is reduced as it is largely a rural phenomenon. By examining the rural development strategies of the East African Community, Economic Community of West African States and the Association of South East Asian Nations, the purpose of this study was to determine their relationship to rural poverty reduction. The Rural Development Strategy Soundness Model and Rural Web Model tools were used to examine the soundness and cohesiveness of implementation, respectively. The results showed that rural poverty declined where a rural development strategy had both been sound and cohesively implemented. We concluded that a positive correlation exists between a sound and cohesively implemented rural development strategy and rural poverty reduction. We deduced from this that the former is a missing link in Africa’s fight against rural poverty.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 485-506
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2014785
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2014785
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# input file: CDSA_A_2051438_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Genius Murwirapachena
Author-X-Name-First: Genius
Author-X-Name-Last: Murwirapachena
Author-Name: Martin M. Kabange
Author-X-Name-First: Martin M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabange
Author-Name: Christopher I. Ifeacho
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeacho
Title: Non-payment culture and the financial performance of urban electricity utilities in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Non-payment for services continues to challenge sustainability in municipal service delivery across South Africa. Literature provides that the culture of non-payment stems from the apartheid era where mass civil disobedience manifested through boycotting the payment of rates. This study examines the impact of the non-payment culture on municipal financial performance in South Africa. Panel data for 28 municipalities for the years 2005–19 is used, and the random-effects model is employed to estimate the relationship between municipal financial performance and non-payment. Results confirm that non-payment has a negative impact on financial performance. For every R1000 increase in bad debts written off, financial performance is reduced by R291. Further, grants from the national government, the number of consumers, and the number of household units receiving free basic electricity positively affect financial performance. These revelations warrant the need for more innovative approaches that transform non-payment into a culture of payment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 615-631
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051438
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2051438
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# input file: CDSA_A_2102968_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Cheludo Tinaye Butale
Author-X-Name-First: Cheludo Tinaye
Author-X-Name-Last: Butale
Title: The ambiguous conceptualisation of gender mainstreaming in the Southern African Development Community
Abstract: 
 This article examines the conceptualisation of gender mainstreaming by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member state Botswana, and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. Critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough's work is used to find out how gender mainstreaming has been conceptualised to take into account the informal sector of Botswana. The findings of the study show that gender mainstreaming is limited by structural barriers of transforming unequal gender relations, and limited coordination between government institutions, the Botswana Informal Sector Association and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. The paper suggests that for gender mainstreaming to be effective, it requires a clear understanding on how various policies define gender problems and shape gender relations.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 713-727
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2102968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2102968
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# input file: CDSA_A_2018290_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Siwaphiwe Bala
Author-X-Name-First: Siwaphiwe
Author-X-Name-Last: Bala
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Carmen Christian
Author-X-Name-First: Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Christian
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Identifying the prospects of decent job creation along the value chain of plastic recycling
Abstract: 
 This study examined the barriers and challenges for decent job creation along the value chain of plastic recycling that street waste pickers (SWPs) face in the urban regions of Cape Town with a mixed method research design. The findings from the descriptive case study’s primary survey data indicated that the informal recycling economy in these regions has little to no barriers of entry. Initiatives to absorb individuals into this economy could potentially help decrease the unemployment level of unskilled and lowly educated people. On average, SWPs earn about R155 for a day’s waste and R632 for a week’s waste. The econometric results revealed that SWPs from the coloured population group who do not have access to trolleys yield statistically significantly lower earnings. Assisting SWPs through the provision of trolleys and protective gear could potentially be an advantage to sustain their income and create decent employment opportunities for SWPs.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 507-524
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018290
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2018290
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# input file: CDSA_A_2028606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Faeez Nackerdien
Author-X-Name-First: Faeez
Author-X-Name-Last: Nackerdien
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Defining and measuring time poverty in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study primarily adopted the absolute approach to examine time poverty in South Africa by analysing the 2000 and 2010 Time Use Survey data. The findings indicated that absolute time-poor individuals were predominantly young unmarried female Africans who had incomplete primary education, were inactive in the labour market and resided in bigger-sized households in KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng. Examining the relationship between money-metric poverty and absolute time poverty, the results showed the proportion of people who were both income- and time-poor decreased whereas the percentage of individuals who were neither income- nor time-poor increased over time. Last, money-metric, multidimensional non-money-metric and absolute time poverty headcount rates all declined between 2000 and 2010, but the extent of decrease was greatest in the first rate.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 560-579
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2028606
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# input file: CDSA_A_2054401_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Israel R. Blackie
Author-X-Name-First: Israel R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blackie
Author-Name: France Maphosa
Author-X-Name-First: France
Author-X-Name-Last: Maphosa
Title: Botswana’s response to the outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19): Lessons for disaster preparedness and management introduction
Abstract: 
 The success of any government’s efforts to sustainably reduce the risk of and/or manage disasters depends to a large extent on the people’s knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of the risk posed by the disaster. This study assessed the government and communities of Botswana’s response to the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19). The survey utilised a stratified three-stage probability sampling design to select respondents according to strata constituting primary sampling units (PSUs). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences between respondents’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of COVID-19 according to their localities (urban, villages and rural areas). Results show that even though Botswana was not prepared for a national public health disaster of the magnitude of COVID-19, its timely adoption of the disease preventive strategy seems to have weathered the storm for some time (66% urban, 64.9% villages, 37.1% remote areas; p < 0.003).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 632-652
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2054401
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2054401
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# input file: CDSA_A_2042198_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Elisha Mavodyo
Author-X-Name-First: Elisha
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavodyo
Title: What makes economic globalisation work for sub-Saharan Africa?
Abstract: 
 That economic globalisation is theoretically beneficial to developing countries’ growth and development is without doubt; that empirical literature has failed to ascertain the economic benefits of economic globalisation, particularly for developing countries, is again incontestable, but what has not been fully explored are the threshold conditions without which developing countries can make the most out of economic globalisation. This study analyses the preconditions that enhance the growth promoting effects of economic globalisation for sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2005–2020. Robust to alternative measures of economic globalisation, our results show that economic globalisation is desirable as a viable engine for growth in sub-Saharan Africa conditional on addressing country-specific structural weaknesses. A viable policy option is for Sub-Saharan African countries to seriously consider implementing a range of well-thought-out policies – both economic and social – so that the region can reap the full benefits of economic globalisation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 599-614
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2042198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2042198
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# input file: CDSA_A_2024069_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mercy Brown-Luthango
Author-X-Name-First: Mercy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown-Luthango
Author-Name: Wilmot Arendse
Author-X-Name-First: Wilmot
Author-X-Name-Last: Arendse
Title: Co-production to reframe state practices in informal settlements: Lessons from Malawi Kamp and Klipheuwel in Cape Town, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Mass urbanisation in cities of the global South, is causing cities to evolve, with informal settlements being central to this evolution. While local government is the official point of interaction for urban informal settlement dwellers, those interactions are often characterised by a lack of meaningful participation. Engaging with the co-production literature and two case studies of informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa, this paper examines how they shed light on the shifting and constantly evolving roles and practices of local government and community actors within a co-production engagement. Based on the findings from these cases, the paper argues that co-production as a practice of collaboration between the local state and citizens can allow for the forging of new relationships, built on trust, sharing of resources and a more equal distribution of power where communities can shape the outcomes of service delivery projects to respond to their needs and demands.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 541-559
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.2024069
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2021.2024069
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# input file: CDSA_A_2029356_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yusuf Kiwala
Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiwala
Author-Name: Johan Olivier
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Olivier
Author-Name: Ismail Kintu
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail
Author-X-Name-Last: Kintu
Title: Antecedents and enablers of supply chain value creation: An analysis of trust and competences
Abstract: 
 The study investigated how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) create value in local supply chains. Specifically, the study focused on two initiators of value creation: entrepreneurial competences and supply chain trust. The authors analyse a cross-sectional survey of 294 SMEs in Uganda operating in the construction, furniture and fitting, food processing and agricultural sectors to test a number of hypotheses, using factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results show that building value-driven supply chains requires SME owner-managers to build an optimal level of trust. Although trust is identified as a key factor in facilitating trade within local communities, different entrepreneurs’ perspectives alter how SME-owner managers assess trusted partners, determining different strategies and behaviours in building trust in customer, as opposed to suppliers’ relationships. In addition, findings show how operational cost is not a key value driver, indicating why SME-owners managers should instead focus on building trust.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 580-598
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2029356
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2029356
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# input file: CDSA_A_2090317_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kevin Wall
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wall
Title: Addressing the infrastructure maintenance gap while creating employment and transferring skills: An innovative institutional model
Abstract: 
 The ‘social franchising’ model for the operation and maintenance of selected water and sanitation infrastructure, the conceptual origins of the model, its subsequent development by desktop research methods, and its piloting in the field, are described. Piloted in South Africa by a team with extensive experience of water and sanitation infrastructure and business development, the model has since been rolled out to scale, simultaneously bringing about (i) the servicing of selected infrastructure, returning it to full use, and (ii) micro-business development and nurturing, job creation, and skills development. Development and implementation of the model over two decades have demonstrated its robust nature compared to equivalent stand-alone micro-businesses, how it can partner in schools to improve health and hygiene education, and the effectiveness of the work it has done on infrastructure servicing and to accomplish tasks other than basic maintenance.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 675-695
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090317
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090317
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# input file: CDSA_A_2090898_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Steven Matome Mathetsa
Author-X-Name-First: Steven Matome
Author-X-Name-Last: Mathetsa
Author-Name: Mulala Danny Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Mulala Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Author-Name: Isaac T. Rampedi
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rampedi
Title: Applying the participatory approach to assess the Water-Energy-Climate Change nexus in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper uses a participatory approach to assess the level of understanding of the Water-Energy-Climate Change (WECC) nexus in South Africa. The aim is to initiate the development of well-coordinated, systematic, and holistic strategies to promote efficient management of the WECC and its implications in the country. The assessment follows the learnings from the Integrated Water Resource Management framework, which promotes a participatory approach in the administration of water resources. The paper reveals that, despite the reasonable level of understanding of WECC, it is still insufficient to promote an integrated approach mainly in policy development and planning for water and energy resources while averting climate impacts. This is exacerbated by limited coordination and consultation among various stakeholders. However, minimal efforts to promote an integrated approach in the management of the WECC sectors is observed. Despite these developments, the paper proposes that the participatory approach is feasible to promote holistic strategies and collaboration among stakeholders mandated to manage WECC sectors. Until approaches such as this are adopted within the institutional framework, this nexus will continue to impede the country's sustainable development endeavours.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 696-712
Issue: 3
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090898
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090898
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# input file: CDSA_A_2120457_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gina Chowa
Author-X-Name-First: Gina
Author-X-Name-Last: Chowa
Author-Name: Rainier Masa
Author-X-Name-First: Rainier
Author-X-Name-Last: Masa
Author-Name: Neil Bilotta
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilotta
Author-Name: Graham Zulu
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Zulu
Author-Name: Miranda Manzanares
Author-X-Name-First: Miranda
Author-X-Name-Last: Manzanares
Title: Can social networks improve job search behaviours among low-income youth in resource-limited settings? Evidence from South Africa
Abstract: 
 Previous studies have established the importance of social networks in determining youth employment outcomes. The quality and quantity of social entities in social networks and effectively using them, have a positive influence on employment outcomes. However, limited evidence exists on the composition and role of social networks on youth employment in resource-limited countries. Our study addresses current evidence gaps by investigating the association of social networks and job search behaviours in a sample of South African youth who are neither in employment, education, or training (NEET). Our results indicate that the association of social networks with job search behaviours depends on the type of social network and job search behaviours. Having more people in youth’s social network was associated with a higher likelihood of attending a job interview but no association with job applications’ submission. Additional family members were positively associated with job interviews, as well. Age, gender, relationship status, geographic residence, formal postsecondary education, training experience, caregiver status, and mobile phone ownership were also associated with job search behaviours. Overall, our findings indicate that social networks, particularly family members, are more predictive of job interviews than job applications.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 729-749
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2120457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2120457
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# input file: CDSA_A_2142520_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nicole De Wet-Billings
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: De Wet-Billings
Title: Climate and competing priorities in South Africa: an analysis of the population’s attitudes and perceptions toward environmental issues
Abstract: 
 The known and expected consequences of climate change are dire and will hamper social and development. However, competing priorities, such as poverty, HIV and violence tend to be more visible on government agendas. In South Africa, growing inequalities result in the population being more concerned with socioeconomic problems. However, issues of poverty and unemployment, among others, are also the result of environmental degradation. This study examines the attitudes of South Africans toward environmental issues in relation to competing challenges. This cross-sectional study uses the nationally representative 2017 South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) of approximately 3 173 (n) adults. Results show that environmental issues rank 17th among the most important challenges. Further, 20.08% of the population who cite economic, 28.66% with social and 15.96% who report health competing interests also cite environmental concerns. Those who cited social competing interests were also more likely to report environmental concerns (OR = 1.56; CI: 1.55152–1.55866). In conclusion, environmental issues are not highly ranked among the priorities of the population. However, commonalities between climate and economic, social and health challenges is an ideal place to start with information dissemination.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 809-821
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2142520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2142520
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# input file: CDSA_A_2120458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: T. L. Lantz
Author-X-Name-First: T. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lantz
Author-Name: R. Arbolino
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Arbolino
Author-Name: L. Cembalo
Author-X-Name-First: L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cembalo
Author-Name: F. Caracciolo
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Caracciolo
Title: Stay or leave Ethiopia: analysing migration as households’ two-stage decision
Abstract: 
 This study analyses the main determinants of migration in order to guide future policy interventions in Ethiopia. We use a double-hurdle model for observing a sample of 4,946 households by a representative survey data. The findings show that the likelihood of migration mainly depends on socio-economic factors while not affected by regional origin. The determinants related to household heads and members have strong impacts, thus confirming that the decision is driven by these actors instead of being a purely individual choice. In addition, the findings confirm that migration is mainly linked to rural areas. Educational policies have a decisive impact on the household choice to let someone migrate. Literacy is the strongest determinant of migration choice, with the highest impact; agricultural policies have a smaller impact on the decision to migrate rather than other policies have.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 750-770
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2120458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2120458
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# input file: CDSA_A_2171365_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Admire Nyamwanza
Author-X-Name-First: Admire
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamwanza
Author-Name: Peter Jacobs
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs
Author-Name: Karabo Nyezi
Author-X-Name-First: Karabo
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyezi
Title: Advancing a transformative human development approach to climate resilience through local innovation in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Climate change continues to exacerbate social and economic development challenges in local communities the world over. This paper advances a human development approach to climate resilience innovations, showing how local innovation initiatives can be conduits for increased equity, agency, efficiency and sustainability vis-à-vis effective responses to climate impacts. Based on a scoping review of literature (journal articles, books, theses, occasional papers etc.), and through a discussion of four case studies focused on technological and institutional innovations in selected rural South African communities, a major finding is that local innovation initiatives vis-à-vis livelihoods are laden with opportunities for improved social, economic and ecological well-being. Appreciating and supporting these local innovations will open up viable and transformative pathways towards effectively responding to the impacts of climate change and variability. The paper contributes to an interdisciplinary integration of innovation and climate change research by exploring climate resilience through a transformative human development lens.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 897-910
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171365
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# input file: CDSA_A_2126351_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Laudika Kandjinga
Author-X-Name-First: Laudika
Author-X-Name-Last: Kandjinga
Author-Name: Karina Landman
Author-X-Name-First: Karina
Author-X-Name-Last: Landman
Title: Planning for safe neighbourhoods in Namibia: A comparative case study of two low-income neighbourhoods in the city of Windhoek
Abstract: 
 The safety of neighbourhoods remains challenging in developing countries due to several dynamics. This article explores the role of urban planning for safer neighbourhoods in two low-income neighbourhoods in the city of Windhoek. The study focuses on several crime attractors and generators influencing housebreaking incidents in two neighbourhoods. Various physical characteristics influence opportunities for crime in Katutura and Otjomuise, such as the location of alcohol outlets within the residential areas and large and unmaintained public open spaces. A lack of development in Otjomuise also influenced incidents of crime. However, severe socio-economic conditions and social factors also contributed to opportunities for crime. The findings have implications on planning and development in Namibia in terms of policy development and planning guidelines and assessments.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 771-790
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2126351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2126351
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# input file: CDSA_A_2163225_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hellen Venganai
Author-X-Name-First: Hellen
Author-X-Name-Last: Venganai
Author-Name: Frank Mupoperi
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Mupoperi
Title: A gendered analysis of Cyclone Idai disaster interventions in Chimanimani district, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 When disasters happen in the world, government departments and NGOs collaborate to support survivors through various interventions. Whether these interventions respond to the gendered impacts of these disasters is an area that has not been given adequate research attention. This paper provides a gendered analysis of the interventions targeted at Cyclone Idai survivors in Zimbabwe’s Chimanimani District. It draws from data generated through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key-informant interviews with cyclone survivors and representatives from government agencies and NGOs that provided humanitarian assistance in Chimanimani District. The study revealed that the interventions were implemented without comprehensively integrating gendered issues due to the absence of a clear gender responsive national policy framework for disaster management in Zimbabwe. The study recommends gender sensitive training to those who assist in distributing humanitarian assistance and the need to address gender-skewed responses caused by treating gender as synonymous with women.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 867-880
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163225
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# input file: CDSA_A_2135489_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Frank Adusah-Poku
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Adusah-Poku
Author-Name: John Bosco Dramani
Author-X-Name-First: John Bosco
Author-X-Name-Last: Dramani
Author-Name: Kwame Adjei-Mantey
Author-X-Name-First: Kwame
Author-X-Name-Last: Adjei-Mantey
Title: Does the choice of cooking fuel empower Ghanaian women? An empirical analysis
Abstract: 
 Cooking, an important household activity is often done using heavy polluting fuels by a majority of households in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). In this study, we examine how the choice of cooking fuel affects women empowerment using nationwide household level data from Ghana. We examine whether fuel choices could lead to women's social and economic empowerment. By employing the Survey-based Women Empowerment Index (SWPER) and Principal Component Analysis to construct comprehensive indices of women empowerment, we find that using clean cooking fuel has significant positive associations with women empowerment across all domains and could consequently help reduce inequality to the advantage of women. Other socioeconomic factors such as household size and wealth were found to significantly determine women empowerment status. Both clean cooking fuel use and the reduction of social and economic inequalities are important targets to be met under the Sustainable Development Goals.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 791-808
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2135489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2135489
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# input file: CDSA_A_2162854_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Canisio Mutsindikwa
Author-X-Name-First: Canisio
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutsindikwa
Author-Name: Derik Gelderblom
Author-X-Name-First: Derik
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelderblom
Title: An analysis of the coping strategies of small-scale female entrepreneurs in Harare, Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the strategies Zimbabwean women use to help them manage their small-scale businesses in Harare. Based on three focus groups as well as semi-structured interviews with the same respondents (n = 21), we consider the advantages and disadvantages conferred on the women by their social capital. The women networked to create rotating credit associations (ROSCAs) to generate working capital. They devised several ingenious mechanisms to reduce the risks involved in contributing money to a common fund. They tried to overcome collective action problems by maximising both confidence and trust. Social capital facilitated their agency in a disempowering context while at the same time exposing them to the free riding behaviour of in-laws. Finally, the social networks of these women are not independent of the social networks of other, better-connected women with whom they are in competition, which points to a weakness of social capital and neo-institutionalist perspectives.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 854-866
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162854
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# input file: CDSA_A_2143323_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dev Jani
Author-X-Name-First: Dev
Author-X-Name-Last: Jani
Author-Name: Petro Sauti Magai
Author-X-Name-First: Petro Sauti
Author-X-Name-Last: Magai
Title: Tourism for poverty reduction in developing countries: Does it really hold for Tanzania?
Abstract: 
 Despite the increase in tourism, the contribution of tourism to poverty reduction is questionable. Using secondary data with poverty index as a dependent variable, the effects of tourism value, total trade value, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and exchange rates were tested using econometric time series analysis for Tanzania from 1987 to 2020. The results for the long-run effects indicate all five variables significantly influence on human development as a proxy for poverty. Foreign direct investment has a negative effect, unlike the other variables. These results offer support to the Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis for a developing country like Tanzania in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus it is logical to continue promoting tourism in conjunction with the facilitation of export trade as a means of poverty reduction. Attracting foreign direct investments should continue but put into consideration policies, regulations, and the business environment that facilitate local business linkages with tourism which will reduce profit leakages.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 822-838
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2143323
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2143323
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# input file: CDSA_A_2168621_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maria Sassi
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sassi
Author-Name: Gopal Trital
Author-X-Name-First: Gopal
Author-X-Name-Last: Trital
Title: Are population movement restrictions containing the COVID-19 cases in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Abstract: 
 Governments in Sub-Saharan Africa introduced population movement restrictions as a measure to contain the COVID-19 spread. Their evaluation is paramount to help policymakers take evidence-based policy decisions. Rigorous econometric studies in the region are sparse. Our study contributes to covering this gap. Using a Panel Poisson fixed-effects model, we detect the association between the COVID-19 new cases per population and restriction movement policies across 23 Sub-Saharan African countries from February 28, 2020 to August 16, 2020. We control for the interaction of the policies with the spread of the infection, time-variant country-specific characteristics, and the countries’ preparedness level to respond to the pandemic. Our study shows that restrictive and lockdown measures contribute to the dilution of COVID-19 infections compared to a situation of no policies. Such effectiveness would be more substantial if countries intensify movement restrictions at the increasing levels of virus transmission, highlighting the importance of timely testing.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 881-896
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2168621
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2168621
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# input file: CDSA_A_2162853_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: L. L. Maliwichi
Author-X-Name-First: L. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maliwichi
Author-Name: Mulatedzi Manenzhe-Ramarope
Author-X-Name-First: Mulatedzi
Author-X-Name-Last: Manenzhe-Ramarope
Author-Name: M. Strydom
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom
Title: The role of small-scale apparel manufacturing businesses in the provision of employment and income generation
Abstract: 
 The aim of the study was to identify types of small-scale businesses used by households for self-employment, the challenges they face, and the type of support received from government and non-governmental organisations. Two independent studies were conducted: a mixed-method approach was applied to obtain information from 200 respondents in two rural districts of Limpopo province of South Africa. A qualitative case study was also conducted in an urban setting in the Gauteng province of South Africa to explore the business operations of 13 small-scale clothing manufacturers. Businesses were related to agriculture, various artisan and consumer-related fields. Problems experienced included limited production/financial business resources and management skills. Incubation hub entrepreneurs were resourceful and used creativity for business survival. The findings underscore the need for skills training and support for small-scale clothing manufacturing business owners.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 839-853
Issue: 4
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162853
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# input file: CDSA_A_2162857_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anmar Pretorius
Author-X-Name-First: Anmar
Author-X-Name-Last: Pretorius
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Rinie Schenck
Author-X-Name-First: Rinie
Author-X-Name-Last: Schenck
Author-Name: Lizette Grobler
Author-X-Name-First: Lizette
Author-X-Name-Last: Grobler
Title: Towards a circular economy: A cross-case analysis of recycling in three South African towns
Abstract: 
 The concept of circular economy includes three aspects from a human perspective, namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Studying human behaviour is important in understanding and evaluating the possible success of any of the three elements. We explored the link between household waste practices and local governments’ ability to provide proper waste management, as stipulated in the South African Constitution, as well as the factors linked to different waste management practices through a cross-case analysis using a mixed-method research design. Households in Calvinia, Philippolis and Polokwane handle waste differently due to different levels of municipal waste services rendered and the availability of local recycling options. Most households in all three towns indicated their willingness to take part in recycling. Surprisingly, the level of household income has no statistically significant impact on waste behaviour. On the other hand, the one factor that does impact on waste behaviour is the inclusion of recycling projects in school curricula.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 944-960
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162857
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# input file: CDSA_A_2182760_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dorrit Posel
Author-X-Name-First: Dorrit
Author-X-Name-Last: Posel
Author-Name: Katharine Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Katharine
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Author-Name: Linekela Goagoses
Author-X-Name-First: Linekela
Author-X-Name-Last: Goagoses
Title: Going beyond female-headed households: Household composition and gender differences in poverty
Abstract: 
 This study sharpens comparisons of gender differences in poverty in South Africa by distinguishing households according to the gender composition of resident adults rather than by household headship. The categories of female-dominated and male-dominated households (where all adults are either women or men respectively) are subsets of female- and male-headed households but their classification avoids many of the problems associated with the concept of household headship. Using nationally representative micro-data, we show that both female-dominated and male-dominated households have become more prevalent over time. Comparing these household types reveals that when men live without women, they mostly live alone; while women who live without men are far more likely to live with children. These differences in household composition help to explain why the gender poverty differential is more marked when comparing female- and male-dominated households as opposed to the broader and more heterogeneous categories of female- and male-headed households.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1117-1134
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2182760
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2182760
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# input file: CDSA_A_2177259_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: James Kwame Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: James Kwame
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah
Title: Stimulating and developing sustainable urban local economies: The role of urban agriculture
Abstract: 
 Whereas urban agriculture is a potential tool for urban local economic development (LED), there appears to be little empirical evidence that has examined how urban agriculture affects the urban local economy from a LED perspective. This research aims to examine the role of urban agriculture in the urban local economy in a developing country, Ghana. Data for the research was obtained through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with urban agriculturalists and urban local authorities in two assemblies respectively in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. The findings showed that if properly supported, urban agriculture can improve the local economy because of its multiple benefits of employment, income, and improved livelihood and food security. This study contributed to expanding the international scholarship on LED from the perspective of using urban agriculture as an LED strategy by examining the case in Ghana.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1086-1099
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2177259
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2177259
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# input file: CDSA_A_2163228_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: T. J. Friderichs
Author-X-Name-First: T. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Friderichs
Author-Name: G. Keeton
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keeton
Author-Name: M. Rogan
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rogan
Title: Decomposing the impact of human capital on household income inequality in South Africa: Is education a useful measure?
Abstract: 
 Human capital (HC) has increasingly been identified as a driver of economic development, with the potential to reduce income inequality, which, in South Africa, originates in the labour market. HC is, however, a complex concept to measure. This study uses Fields’ regression-based decomposition method to analyse the relationships between income inequality and HC in South Africa. The Fields method allows for the analysis of the impact of several factors contributing to HC on the distribution of a measure of income. Data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) wave 1 (2008) and 5 (2017) are used. The findings suggest that increasing educational attainment, through improved school quality for all, would likely play a key role in reducing income inequality in South Africa. Furthermore, the large role of education attainment in explaining household income inequality supports the use of education attainment as a proxy for HC in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 997-1013
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163228
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# input file: CDSA_A_2182759_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Wendy McCallum
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: McCallum
Author-Name: Meshach J. Aziakpono
Author-X-Name-First: Meshach J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Aziakpono
Title: Regulatory sandbox for FinTech regulation: Do the conditions for effective adoption exist in South Africa?
Abstract: 
 A regulatory sandbox is an emerging approach used by financial sector regulators worldwide to respond to the rapid emergence of financial technologies (FinTech). In South Africa, the Intergovernmental FinTech Working Group launched its regulatory sandbox in 2020 and at the time of writing in 2021, seven firms had been permitted entry. While a regulatory sandbox may offer several promises, it may have adverse outcomes if the necessary conditions for successful implementation do not exist. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to determine if South Africa was ready to adopt a regulatory sandbox by exploring whether the necessary conditions for its implementation exist. The study triangulated results of interviews with individuals with secondary data to reach conclusions. The results show that a regulatory sandbox is an appropriate approach to FinTech regulation in South Africa, as most necessary conditions do exist. However, conditions that are not in place require remediation through appropriate interventions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1100-1116
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2182759
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2182759
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# input file: CDSA_A_2163226_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mduduzi Biyase
Author-X-Name-First: Mduduzi
Author-X-Name-Last: Biyase
Author-Name: Carolyn Chisadza
Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Chisadza
Title: Symmetric and asymmetric effects of financial deepening on income inequality in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The aim of this study is to examine the financial development-inequality nexus in South Africa from 1980 to 2017, specifically if financial deepening reduces income inequality. The initial results indicate a positive association between financial deepening and income inequality. On further exploration, we find evidence that the Greenwood and Jovanovich hypothesis holds for South Africa. We observe an inverted non-linear relationship between financial deepening and income inequality in the long-run. The results suggest that at early stages of financial development, income inequality increases, but gradually starts to decrease as the financial sector becomes more established in the long-run. The findings highlight the need for policymakers to focus on inclusive financial sector reforms in the early stages of financial development.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 961-978
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163226
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163226
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# input file: CDSA_A_2162856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Miracle Ntuli
Author-X-Name-First: Miracle
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli
Author-Name: Prudence Kwenda
Author-X-Name-First: Prudence
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwenda
Title: Analysis of depressive symptoms between formal and informal workers in South Africa during COVID-19 crisis
Abstract: 
 This study examines differences in depressive symptoms between informal and formal workers in South Africa during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The analysis focuses on the June to October 2020 period, which was characterised by the easing of lockdown regulations from level 3 to level 1. Using the NIDS-CRAM wave 2 and 3 survey data, the study estimates a standard logit and a fixed effects logit model to account for worker’s unobserved heterogeneity. Results show that the likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms increased across all workers between June and October. However, there were no statistically significant differences between informal and formal workers’ mental health over this period. Additional results show that workers living in urban areas and households suffering from hunger had a higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Based on these results, the study recommends for government strategies that curb the rise in depressive symptoms among all workers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 928-943
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162856
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# input file: CDSA_A_2171966_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lauren Veckranges
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren
Author-X-Name-Last: Veckranges
Title: Estimating the impact of large-scale mining on local communities in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: 
 The impact of large-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa on local livelihoods is controversial. Little consensus exists about whether mining is a ‘blessing’ or a ‘curse’ for affected communities. This article estimates the impact of mine proximity on local socioeconomic outcomes. It does so by linking georeferenced survey data to mine locations, to determine whether living near a mine results in systematically better or worse scores on measures of lived poverty, development infrastructure and access to basic household services. The data (from Afrobarometer Round 6) spans 19 countries, 148 large-scale mines, and 4,796 households. The analysis shows that the average effects of proximity to a mine are modest compared with cross-national and urban-rural differences in living conditions. Mining is not consistently a ‘blessing’ or a ‘curse’ for affected local communities in sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1067-1085
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171966
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171966
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# input file: CDSA_A_2163227_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jaydro Fondling
Author-X-Name-First: Jaydro
Author-X-Name-Last: Fondling
Author-Name: Simbarashe Murozvi
Author-X-Name-First: Simbarashe
Author-X-Name-Last: Murozvi
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Nothando Mtshali
Author-X-Name-First: Nothando
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtshali
Title: Investigating volunteer activities in South Africa
Abstract: 
 This is the first South African study that analysed all three available waves of Statistics South Africa’s Volunteer Activities Survey data, which was linked to the Quarterly Labour Force Survey in the third quarter of the same year (2010, 2014 and 2018). The empirical findings showed that volunteers were predominantly female Africans without Matric, aged 25–34 years and resided in the urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Limpopo. In 2018 the labour force participation rate and unemployment rate of the volunteers were 62% and 34% respectively. These rates were both a bit higher than the corresponding rates of people who did not volunteer. The volunteers spent 20 h in the past four weeks on volunteering activities relating to service work and elementary occupations. More than 85% of volunteers did not expect to receive anything back. For those who indicated otherwise, they most likely expected to receive out-of-pocket expenses and food.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 979-996
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163227
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2163227
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# input file: CDSA_A_2162855_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ndapewa Fenny Nakanyete
Author-X-Name-First: Ndapewa Fenny
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakanyete
Author-Name: Kenneth Kamwi Matengu
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Kamwi
Author-X-Name-Last: Matengu
Author-Name: Javier Revilla Diez
Author-X-Name-First: Javier Revilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Diez
Title: The impact of commodified non-timber forest products on the livelihoods of San in Northern Namibia
Abstract: 
 In Namibia, the commercialisation of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is often promoted as a means to improve rural livelihoods, especially for vulnerable communities. This paper analysed how NTFP value chains are integrated into and contribute to the livelihoods of Khwe and !Xun San harvesters. Accordingly, the working conditions, employment and upgrading opportunities of the globally traded Devil's Claw were compared to those of regionally traded products, including Natal Oranges. A mixed-method approach was applied to collect data in Okongo Constituency and Bwabwata National Park. Findings revealed that while NTFPs contribute to the harvesters’ income generation, the income is insufficient to sustain their livelihoods. Interestingly, the results of both regional and global value chain integration do not lead to improved livelihoods. Further research is needed to analyse the synergies between the government, traditional and local authorities, NGOs, and other institutions in implementing laws that promote equitable sharing of benefits from NTFPs.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 911-927
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162855
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2162855
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# input file: CDSA_A_2224694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1135-1136
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224694
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224694
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# input file: CDSA_A_2171367_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: David Aduragbemi Okunlola
Author-X-Name-First: David Aduragbemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Okunlola
Author-Name: Olusesan A. Makinde
Author-X-Name-First: Olusesan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Makinde
Title: COVID-19 challenges and pregnancy desire among married/ in-union women in Kano and Lagos States, Nigeria
Abstract: 
 This study examined the influence of COVID-19-induced challenges on pregnancy desire among married/in-union women of reproductive age in Lagos and Kano states, Nigeria. The performance monitoring for action (PMA) data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multilevel regression. About 12% of women desired no pregnancy; 43% would feel happy and unhappy respectively, if pregnancy occurred during the pandemic, while 13.9% would have mixed feelings. COVID-19 concern was associated with no pregnancy desire (OR = 1.14; CI = 1.05–1.24) but negatively associated with feeling happy (RRR: 0.83; CI: 0.71–0.98). Experience of partial household income loss was negatively associated with having mixed feelings (RRR = 0.30; CI = 0.13–0.69). Experience of complete income loss was negatively associated with feeling happy and mixed feelings respectively. In each state, women with COVID-19 concerns and household income loss should be empowered to prevent unwanted pregnancies and their attendant negative reproductive and mental health consequences.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1053-1066
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171367
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171367
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# input file: CDSA_A_2165042_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Issahaku Adam
Author-X-Name-First: Issahaku
Author-X-Name-Last: Adam
Author-Name: Frederick Dayour
Author-X-Name-First: Frederick
Author-X-Name-Last: Dayour
Author-Name: Albert Nsom Kimbu
Author-X-Name-First: Albert Nsom
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimbu
Title: Crisis-induced financial anxiety, social support, socio-psychological wellbeing, and commitment to work in the tourism sector
Abstract: 
 Understanding the causal influence of financial anxiety on future work commitment with social support and socio-psychological wellbeing as mediators amongst crisis-induced redundant tourism employees remains limited. Using data collected from 547 COVID-19-induced redundant tourism employees, this paper examines the influence of financial anxiety on future work commitment with social support and socio-psychological wellbeing as mediators. The findings reveal that financial anxiety has a negative influence on social support and social and psychological wellbeing. Social support has a negative influence on social wellbeing, while social support has a positive influence on future work commitment. Both social and psychological wellbeing has a negative influence on future work commitment. Meanwhile, the influence of financial anxiety on future work is fully mediated by social support and socio-psychological wellbeing. Insurance uptake and establishment of welfare funds amongst tourism employees can be used to buffer the effects of financial anxiety on future work commitment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1014-1037
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2165042
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2165042
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# input file: CDSA_A_2171366_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Beebeejaun Ambareen
Author-X-Name-First: Beebeejaun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ambareen
Title: A critical analysis of environmental taxes in Mauritius; A comparative study with South Africa
Abstract: 
 Mauritius is a highly vulnerable country with respect to the negative impact of climate change. In this respect, it is imperative to address environmental issues through various instruments and one particular tool chosen for this purpose is fiscal measures in the form of environmental taxes. Consequently, the objectives of this research are to critically assess the various types of environmental taxes in Mauritius and to provide recommendations to enhance the existing framework on environmental taxation as a policy instrument to alleviate pollution and environment degradation in Mauritius. In particular, the carbon taxation, motor fuel taxes, vehicle ownership taxes, Maurice Ile Durable (MID) levy plastic containers levy and environment protection fee among others will be analysed. The methodology applied in this research is a legal analysis of rules pertaining to environmental taxation in Mauritius. A comparative analysis will also be performed to find out the corresponding legal provisions on environmental taxes in South Africa. Since Mauritius is part of Africa, it becomes relevant to compare how one among the African continent’s most powerful economic powerhouses being South Africa, is dealing with environmental degradation and whether Mauritius may implement some of them.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1038-1052
Issue: 5
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171366
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2171366
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# input file: CDSA_A_2212705_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Okem Andrew Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-First: Okem
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew Emmanuel
Title: Assessing the performance of cooperatives in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from the literature
Abstract: 
 While there is growing interest in the literature and policy circles regarding the performance of cooperatives in South Africa, no study has yet synthesised the body of knowledge on how to assess cooperative performance in the country. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the literature on the performance of cooperatives in post-apartheid South Africa, based on a scoping review of 20 studies published between 1994 and 2021. Most of the reviewed studies adopted a qualitative approach, lacked a clear definition of cooperative performance and standardised metrics/criteria for assessing cooperative performance. The studies often relied on view of study participants to determine the performance of cooperatives. Moreover, the reviewed studies often framed the performance of cooperatives from an economic viewpoint. Clear definition of cooperatives, the development of robust indicators for assessing their performance and greater emphasis on quantitative studies on the performance of cooperatives in South Africa beyond economic and financial indicators is needed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1200-1213
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2212705
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2212705
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# input file: CDSA_A_2196314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Gaetano
Author-X-Name-Last: Santeramo
Author-Name: Lerato Phali
Author-X-Name-First: Lerato
Author-X-Name-Last: Phali
Title: On the impact of provincial development policies in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Although South Africa is one of the biggest economies in Africa, poverty and income inequality persist and a vast number of households lack access to water and sanitation services. Provincial governments have implemented the Provincial Development and Growth Strategy to improve standards. We evaluate its effects on selected development indicators. Using a generalisation of the Difference-in-Differences method, we study the effects on four development indicators: food security, economic well-being, and water and sanitation security. We use secondary data from the General Household Survey, collected between 2002 and 2017 and conclude that (i) the policies improve development indicators; (ii) the effects are heterogeneous across racial and geographic distributions of households. Long-term economic stimulators, such as employment opportunities and education for vulnerable communities, are needed to improve household welfare across the provinces. Programmes emanating from these development policies should be ongoing and continuously adapted to fulfil the specific needs of the local groups.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1137-1152
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2196314
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2196314
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# input file: CDSA_A_2231025_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jean C. Kouam
Author-X-Name-First: Jean C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kouam
Author-Name: Simplice A. Asongu
Author-X-Name-First: Simplice A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Asongu
Author-Name: Robert Nantchouang
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Nantchouang
Author-Name: Denis Foretia
Author-X-Name-First: Denis
Author-X-Name-Last: Foretia
Title: Gender analysis of labour force outcomes: Evidence from Cameroon
Abstract: 
 The present study contributes to the extant literature by assessing how financial and human developments moderate the incidence of vulnerable female employment on female labour force participation in Cameroon for the period 1987 to 2020 using the generalised least squares (GLS) estimation approach. It is apparent from the findings that human development in the perspective of the human development index (HDI) and broad money supply are necessary and sufficient conditions to moderate vulnerable female employment for female labour force participation. Accordingly, HDI thresholds of between 0.591 and 0.634 are needed to reverse the negative incidence of female vulnerable employment on female labour force participation. Furthermore, a threshold of 30.294 (% of GDP) of broad money supply is also needed to reverse the negative incidence of vulnerable female employment on female labour force participation. Other implications for policy are discussed.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1380-1394
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2231025
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2231025
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# input file: CDSA_A_2198555_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Eldridge Moses
Author-X-Name-First: Eldridge
Author-X-Name-Last: Moses
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg
Title: Evaluating the demand, supply and impact of early childhood development programmes in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Early childhood development (ECD) access and quality inequalities can manifest as school and labour market outcomes that are persistently unequal by race, gender and geography. Using the General Household Survey 2019 and Early Childhood Development Census 2009–2014 data, we find that household socio-economic status, proximity to ECD centres and the mother's educational attainment are positively associated with ECD enrolment. Having an economically inactive or unemployed adult in the household is negatively associated with enrolment rates. This paper also evaluates the programme gains (value added) of five ECD programmes in the large-scale cross-sectional the Early Learning Outcomes Measure study. We find gains that are surprisingly large, considering that these programmes served mainly poorer children, and because contact time per week for three of the programmes was only 2½ to 8 hours.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1153-1173
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2198555
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2198555
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# input file: CDSA_A_2224363_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gowokani Chijere Chirwa
Author-X-Name-First: Gowokani Chijere
Author-X-Name-Last: Chirwa
Author-Name: Laston Petro Manja
Author-X-Name-First: Laston Petro
Author-X-Name-Last: Manja
Author-Name: Michael Chasukwa
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Chasukwa
Author-Name: Anthony Gunde
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Gunde
Author-Name: Boniface Dulani
Author-X-Name-First: Boniface
Author-X-Name-Last: Dulani
Author-Name: Happy Kayuni
Author-X-Name-First: Happy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayuni
Author-Name: Blessings Chinsinga
Author-X-Name-First: Blessings
Author-X-Name-Last: Chinsinga
Title: Assessing the relationship between digital divide and citizens’ political participation in Africa
Abstract: 
 The proliferation of access to digital technology has raised remarkable interest regarding its various effects on everyday life, with recent studies largely focusing on financial inclusion. This study examined the influence of digital inequalities on political participation in Africa’s nascent democracies using the sixth wave of Afrobarometer data covering 36 countries and involving 49 896 respondents. The descriptive analysis shows that nearly 70 per cent of the respondents voted, were interested in public affairs, and took part in political discussions. Furthermore, digital inequalities were found to be geographically correlated, with the highest prevalence in Southern Africa. Using the OLS regression technique, we observe that access to the internet and mobile phones and usage thereof have strong positive relationships with various aspects of political participation, among others. Our results suggest the need to promote policies directed towards reducing digital inequalities, including internet usage subsidies, to engage citizens in political participation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1258-1276
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224363
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# input file: CDSA_A_2203155_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dumsani M. Gumede
Author-X-Name-First: Dumsani M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gumede
Author-Name: Myra Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Myra
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Author-Name: Jane D. Kvalsvig
Author-X-Name-First: Jane D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kvalsvig
Title: Causes and consequences of critical healthcare skills shortage in the Southern Africa Development Community
Abstract: 
 BackgroundThe Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) has a shortage of critical healthcare skills.AimsTo identify the causes and consequences of shortages and make policy recommendations.MethodsA literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases and the World Health Organization and SADC Websites.ResultsFrom the studies reviewed the causes included mismatch between demand and supply, and loss of personnel to developed countries. Underlying factors included poorly functioning education systems and poor working conditions. Of the 16 SADC countries only five met the minimum requirements for nurses and midwives, and four for physicians. These factors exacerbate the population’s poor health, and clinical outcomes.ConclusionInternal reforms to the health and education sectors are necessary to progress towards geographic and demographic equity in health provision. The SADC should set regional targets and monitor the size and composition of the workforce to enable evaluation of progress towards targets.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1174-1199
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2203155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2203155
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# input file: CDSA_A_2229865_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Million Phiri
Author-X-Name-First: Million
Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri
Author-Name: Clifford Odimegwu
Author-X-Name-First: Clifford
Author-X-Name-Last: Odimegwu
Author-Name: Harriet Namukoko
Author-X-Name-First: Harriet
Author-X-Name-Last: Namukoko
Author-Name: Yemi Adewoyin
Author-X-Name-First: Yemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adewoyin
Author-Name: Simona Simona
Author-X-Name-First: Simona
Author-X-Name-Last: Simona
Title: COVID-19 and sexual reproductive health service utilisation among women of reproductive age in Zambia
Abstract: 
 Zambia has made improvements in addressing maternal and child health in the past two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, which could put a strain on the healthcare systems and alter how access to sexual and reproductive health services is provided, could, however, have a negative impact on the gains. Data from a recent nationally representative COVID-19 survey, conducted in April 2021, was used to examine the utilisation of antenatal care services among pregnant women during the pandemic in Zambia. Overall, 10 per cent (95% CI: 8.0–11.4) of pregnant women missed antenatal care during the COVID-19 period, signifying an increase when compared to the time before the outbreak of COVID-19. Age of a woman and level of education were associated with the risk of missing antenatal care services. The study highlights the need to improve communication to women on availability and access to sexual reproductive health services to stimulate demand and use among women during this period.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1291-1307
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229865
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229865
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# input file: CDSA_A_2226682_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gameli Adika
Author-X-Name-First: Gameli
Author-X-Name-Last: Adika
Author-Name: Narain Sinha
Author-X-Name-First: Narain
Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha
Title: Health expenditure in Botswana: A luxury or a necessity?
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the relationship between health expenditure and income in Botswana and its implications for health policy. We employed micro-data drawn from the Household Income and Expenditures Surveys, 1993–94 and 2003–04 and macro-data from 1981 to 2016 to estimate the income elasticity of health expenditure. We estimated the arc-elasticity of private health expenditure, and the short-run and long-run income elasticity of public health expenditure, with control for the impact of technology, structural breaks, and the dynamic aspects of health expenditure. The results from the empirical estimations indicate that the demand for healthcare is a necessity in the short run and especially at the household level in Botswana. Furthermore, our results also establish that non-economic factors such as country-specific epidemiology are critical in explaining income elasticity of health expenditure.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1277-1290
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2226682
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# input file: CDSA_A_2229874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nqobizitha Dube
Author-X-Name-First: Nqobizitha
Author-X-Name-Last: Dube
Title: Forty years of climate risk research in Zimbabwe – 1980–2021
Abstract: 
 Identifying sound strategies to manage climate risks requires understanding complex systems, characterised by; a large number of potential factors that interact; multiple stakeholder constituencies with diverse values, deep and dynamic uncertainties. This paper assesses the general understanding and dominant narrative regarding climate change in particular societies in order to track the trends regarding the management of climate risk. In this regard, this paper considers climate risk from a Zimbabwean perspective between 1980 and 2021. The assessment of climate risk in Zimbabwe took cognisance of the fact that climate change is a subject that has received a considerable amount of attention in Zimbabwean focused literature. As such, secondary data were used to understand the dominant narratives regarding climate risk in Zimbabwe. The climate risk discussion in Zimbabwe has significantly grown over past four decades nonetheless, it is evident that the dominant narrative is biased towards climate change adaptation particularly on aspects of agricultural and livelihoods sensitivity from a water scarcity perspective. Other adaptation components such as the exposure to hazards, indigenous knowledge systems, ecological and infrastructure vulnerability, communication and gender dimensions of climate change also form the bulk of issues that dominate the adaptation centred narrative.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1308-1342
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229874
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# input file: CDSA_A_2224359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nixon S. Chekenya
Author-X-Name-First: Nixon S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chekenya
Title: On the empirics of microfinance institutions and local economic development in Africa
Abstract: 
 The link between finance and growth is a well-researched area, yet this relationship at the local level has received little empirical scrutiny. We trace the operations of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Africa. We examine the role played by MFIs on local economic development using a model capturing both local geography and MFIs dynamics for the periods 1992–2015. Our sample is representative of 2,170 MFIs operating in 144 cities, 154 towns, and 14 villages in Africa. Using night time data to capture economic growth, our key hypothesis is that MFIs drive local economic progress. Conditioning on the geographical location of MFIs, we find that the presence and density of MFIs increase as the growth in light density and the estimate retains its statistical significance. The results suggest that MFIs operations may foster local economic activity.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1234-1257
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2224359
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# input file: CDSA_A_2229875_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Derek Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Jade Botha
Author-X-Name-First: Jade
Author-X-Name-Last: Botha
Author-Name: Moegammad Faeez Nackerdien
Author-X-Name-First: Moegammad Faeez
Author-X-Name-Last: Nackerdien
Title: Examining the South African labour market during the COVID-19 lockdown period
Abstract: 
 This study analysed the 2020 first quarter to 2022 second quarter waves of the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) data and all five waves (2020–21) of the National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) data to examine the South African labour market outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The QLFS data showed that low-educated Africans aged 25–44 years and those involved in low skilled occupation categories were most vulnerable to job loss. The NIDS-CRAM data indicated that for those who still worked in February 2020, 51% worked all five waves, 14% worked in four waves and 9% worked in three waves. Only 0.5% and 1.8% turned out to be unemployed and inactive in all waves, respectively. For the February 2020 employed who lost their jobs and became unemployed in April 2020 (wave 1), 60% of them worked again but 22% remained unemployed in March 2021 (wave 5).
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1343-1364
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229875
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2229875
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# input file: CDSA_A_2231018_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mike Muller
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Muller
Title: Water and welfare: Free basic water revisited
Abstract: 
 This paper reviews South Africa’s efforts to realise the right to water from a welfare policy perspective. ‘Free basic water’ (FBW), initially a water sector policy, was later recognised to be part of the country’s wider social protection framework. However, while the principle of providing poor households with free basic services has been sustained, FBW has not provided reliable access for many of its intended beneficiaries. Analysis of the policy, implementation and performance of the programme identifies unresolved policy tensions between welfare objectives and other government priorities, reflected in the choice of targeted rather than universal welfare strategies. It is concluded that these welfare policy tensions have weakened the outcomes of the free basic water policy which are more usually blamed on operational and institutional failures. While the FBW principle is generally accepted, practical performance is often weak.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1365-1379
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2231018
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2231018
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# input file: CDSA_A_2219698_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ngonidzashe Mangoro
Author-X-Name-First: Ngonidzashe
Author-X-Name-Last: Mangoro
Author-Name: Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza
Author-X-Name-First: Nzalalemba Serge
Author-X-Name-Last: Kubanza
Title: Community perceptions on the impacts of Solid Waste Management on Human Health and the Environment in Sub-Saharan African Cities: A study of Diepsloot, Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper examines community perceptions of the impact of solid waste management (SWM) on human health and the environment in Diepsloot, Johannesburg, South Africa. It is argued that poor SWM has negative impacts on human health and the environment. Using semi-structured telephonic and one-to-one interviews with members of a community of Diepsloot and environmental non-governmental organisations involved in SWM in Diepsloot, it finds that mismanagement of solid waste affects human health and the environment. The consequences of this situation include respiratory disorders among the people and the destruction of aquatic habitats and reduction of the bullfrog population, among other negative impacts. This situation is a result of the community’s collective ignorance on SWM issues and poor service delivery. The results highlight the need to improve service delivery and a change in community attitude towards SWM in Diepsloot, which will reduce the impact of SWM on human health and the environment.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1214-1233
Issue: 6
Volume: 40
Year: 2023
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2219698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2219698
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# input file: CDSA_A_2252456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Tina Fransman
Author-X-Name-First: Tina
Author-X-Name-Last: Fransman
Author-Name: Marisa von Fintel
Author-X-Name-First: Marisa
Author-X-Name-Last: von Fintel
Title: Voting and protest tendencies associated with changes in service delivery
Abstract: 
 Existing literature highlights the complexities of the relationship between voting, protest action and service delivery within Southern African democracies. We explore the relationship between these variables for South Africa by generating a new dataset from various sources. Although this relationship has been explored before, the existing evidence is mixed. The results from this study therefore bring a fresh perspective, especially at a time during which the political power of the incumbent African National Congress has been declining. We find that improvements in service delivery are not significantly associated with an increase in votes for the incumbent party, indicating that accountability is not the main motivation for South Africans’ voting decisions. However, we find a statistically significant negative correlation between protest action and service delivery, providing evidence of the increasing importance of protest action as a form of political accountability in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 71-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252456
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252456
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# input file: CDSA_A_2234399_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: M. M. Mtotywa
Author-X-Name-First: M. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtotywa
Author-Name: M.A. Seabi
Author-X-Name-First: M.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Seabi
Author-Name: Thulani J. Manqele
Author-X-Name-First: Thulani J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Manqele
Author-Name: Smilo P. Ngwenya
Author-X-Name-First: Smilo P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwenya
Author-Name: Mankodi Moetsi
Author-X-Name-First: Mankodi
Author-X-Name-Last: Moetsi
Title: Critical factors for restructuring the education system during the era of the fourth industrial revolution in South Africa
Abstract: 
 The study aims to determine factors important in restructuring the education system to meet the skills demand required during the era of the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0). The study used a qualitative research method based on a narrative design involving multiple stakeholders (n = 35). Data from the participants were collected and analysed to reveal 12 critical success factors required for restructuring the education system from basic to higher education level. The success factors are based on enabling the basic structure of an effective education system, to develop and strengthen effective work-integrated learning, to overhaul the basic education structure and learning content and to enhance elements of interconnected systems. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for preparedness of the basic and higher education systems to effectively meet the required employment skills at a time of industry 4.0. This will assist the necessary development and competitiveness within developing countries, including South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 16-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2234399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2234399
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# input file: CDSA_A_2234945_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Emmanuel F. Souza
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Souza
Title: Remarriage timing and its associated factors among women in rural Malawi
Abstract: 
 This study examines the timing of and factors associated with remarriages in rural Malawi after the first marital dissolution. Data come from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health conducted between 1998 and 2010. Results show that remarriages in rural Malawi are quick and virtually universal, especially among divorced and young women. The median time-to-remarriage after the first marital dissolution is two years for all women combined and divorced women in particular, and only one year for women aged 15–24. Cox proportional hazard models reveal that longer duration of previous union, marital unions that occurred in the latter half of the year 2000 and widowhood are all associated with lower remarriage hazards, whereas Muslim women and women resident in matrilineal societies have higher remarriage hazards than their respective counterparts. Overall, results highlight the importance of previous marriage characteristics above other individual factors in explaining factors associated with remarriages.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 38-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2234945
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2234945
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# input file: CDSA_A_2257737_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Farirai Rusere
Author-X-Name-First: Farirai
Author-X-Name-Last: Rusere
Author-Name: Lori Hunter
Author-X-Name-First: Lori
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter
Author-Name: Mark Collinson
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Collinson
Author-Name: Wayne Twine
Author-X-Name-First: Wayne
Author-X-Name-Last: Twine
Title: Patterns and trends in household food security in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Abstract: 
 This study examines patterns and trends in household food security in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, from 2010 to 2019. We use data from a household panel nested in the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System. Findings indicate that there have been improvements in household food security in this rural setting over the last decade. By polychoric principal component analysis, an aggregate food security index was constructed and we observed a small, yet important, proportion of households (7.8%) that remained chronically food insecure. An ordered probit model was used to estimate the determinants of food security. Findings reveal that the observed differences in household food security status are as a result of differences in socioeconomic status. We therefore recommend that focus must be placed on identifying economic opportunities and empowering the chronically food insecure households if universal household food security is to be attained in rural South Africa and beyond.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 164-182
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2257737
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2257737
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# input file: CDSA_A_2273533_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Zoheb Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zoheb
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Leila Patel
Author-X-Name-First: Leila
Author-X-Name-Last: Patel
Author-Name: Lauren Graham
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham
Author-Name: Rulof Burger
Author-X-Name-First: Rulof
Author-X-Name-Last: Burger
Author-Name: Gina A. Chowa
Author-X-Name-First: Gina A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chowa
Author-Name: Rainier Masa
Author-X-Name-First: Rainier
Author-X-Name-Last: Masa
Title: Youth Employability programmes in South Africa: Which features work best and for whom?
Abstract: 
 This article analyses a subset of eight youth employability programmes (YEPs) operating across South Africa using a panel survey of participants. It assesses the features of these YEPs and their links to subsequent employment while controlling for individual characteristics. Each YEP delivered technical and soft skills training, alongside other programme features offered in different combinations. Additionally, a financial capability intervention comprising financial literacy and access to a savings product was randomised to half of the training sites. Job matching, soft skills training, and financial capability are all strongly associated with better employment odds. The strength of these associations depends on how different training components are combined, and on graduates’ education level and area of residence. The findings have implications for the design of active labour market policies in developing countries with large youth unemployment and fast-changing labour markets.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 207-224
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2273533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2273533
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# input file: CDSA_A_2261977_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Adeola Oyenubi
Author-X-Name-First: Adeola
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyenubi
Title: Analysis of the labour market impacts of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from Zambia
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the short-term impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on firms in a developing country i.e. Zambia. This is motivated by the characteristics of the Labour market in developing countries where informality dominates, and female workers form a larger proportion of the informal workforce. The Zambian version of the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted just before the pandemic (September 2019 to March 2020) and during the pandemic (June 6 to 17 July 2020) is used to explore the experience of firms in terms of changes in the number of employees and firm survival. Results suggest that informal workers are more likely to lose their jobs while firms that are at least partly owned/managed by females are also less likely to survive. It is argued that policy actions that protect informal workers are salient especially since future pandemics cannot be ruled out.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 183-206
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2261977
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2261977
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# input file: CDSA_A_2252465_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Koech Cheruiyot
Author-X-Name-First: Koech
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheruiyot
Title: Residential relocation and financial wellbeing: Findings from Golden Gardens housing development in Gauteng, South Africa
Abstract: 
 With mega state housing projects needing large land parcels and that are often located in the periphery, this paper investigates what impact relocating residents to Golden Gardens housing development has had on the quality of life and their financial wellbeing. Using primary data obtained from residents living in the Golden Gardens housing development, the findings show that respondents’ access to and quality of physical and social facilities, such as refuse services, water, and electricity, has improved. Respondents were also unanimous that staying in their Golden Gardens homes has significantly improved their security. However, many residents currently living in Golden Gardens used to live closer to work and social activities than they do now, which means that they used to spend less each month on transport than they do now. The high-commuting cost has increased household expenses, meaning that the respondents’ financial wellbeing has been negatively impacted. These results imply yet unmet long-term objectives of human settlements as envisaged in various government policies and programmes.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 110-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252465
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# input file: CDSA_A_2232396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Miemie Struwig
Author-X-Name-First: Miemie
Author-X-Name-Last: Struwig
Author-Name: Amanda Van den Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Van den Berg
Author-Name: Nomtha Hadi
Author-X-Name-First: Nomtha
Author-X-Name-Last: Hadi
Title: Challenges in the ocean economy of South Africa
Abstract: 
 This paper shows how four major challenges in the ocean economy is linked to the 15 global challenges and the sectors that are influenced by these challenges. The ocean is becoming a focal point in the discourse on growth and sustainable development, both at national and international levels. Human aspirations and economic growth exert pressure on the ocean and the marine ecosystem and, therefore, constitute challenges for sustaining growth and ocean economy development. This conceptual paper analyses definitions of the ocean economy, the ocean economy’s contribution toward world economic growth, the 15 global challenges, and specific challenges in the South African ocean economy. Four critical challenges are highlighted, firstly, pollution, which includes environmental disasters such as oil spills and dumping at sea, secondly, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, thirdly, climate change and, finally, disease events. As both private and public sectors should address these challenges, this research identifies possible reform measures for further consideration by these sectors to find possible solutions.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2232396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2232396
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# input file: CDSA_A_2254801_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Verena Helen van Zyl-Bulitta
Author-X-Name-First: Verena Helen
Author-X-Name-Last: van Zyl-Bulitta
Author-Name: Anthony Patt
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony
Author-X-Name-Last: Patt
Author-Name: Shakespear Mudombi
Author-X-Name-First: Shakespear
Author-X-Name-Last: Mudombi
Author-Name: Christo Fabricius
Author-X-Name-First: Christo
Author-X-Name-Last: Fabricius
Title: Unintended consequences of climate change adaptation: African case studies and typologies on pitfalls and windfalls
Abstract: 
 Climate change adaptation concerns mechanisms for responding to local climate change impacts to improve livelihoods of and decrease risks to affected stakeholders. In this article, we present evidence and novel insights from selected climate change adaption cases studies in Sub-Saharan Africa, shared directly by climate change practitioners. Our aim is to foster awareness and comprehension for local, national and transnational actors, enabling better decision-making, project implementation and policy design. To achieve this we describe and assess positive spillovers and negative externalities of climate change adaptation. Building on our collection of case studies, we focussed on classifying adaptation projects according to a set of typologies identified by the researchers. To further explain the typology classification related to the occurrence of (un)intended (side) effects, we identified factors that may enable sustainable adaptation scenarios based on lessons shared about the investigated projects. These systems are based on existing political economic research on the state-of-the-art ‘4E’– method (representing enclosure, exclusion, encroachment, entrenchment) evident in the literature and case study applications, which we adapted to fit our research questions. The factors include collaboration across scales, data availability and learning, bottom-up involvement/participation. We also formulated the positive counterpart of each of the four E dimensions. One finding was that the category lose-win, where the intended goal was not achieved, yet a positive spillover occurred, would be more likely to emerge with the factors ‘bottom-up participation’ as well as ‘learning across scales’ being present.HighlightsShow climate change adaptation as a critical concern for both local contexts and migration scenariosIdentify evidence of potential pitfalls in planning and implementation that can arise given uncertain changes either in external factors beyond the control of adaptation stakekholders, as well as what lies within the control of climate change adaptation projects, but might not have been foreseen/foreseeableMeasuring, describing and explaining the extent and quality of unintended side effects of climate adaptationRecommend ways to ameliorate potential side effects by better employing available resources
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 130-163
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2254801
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2254801
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# input file: CDSA_A_2244530_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Alicia Fourie
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie
Author-Name: Derick Blaauw
Author-X-Name-First: Derick
Author-X-Name-Last: Blaauw
Author-Name: Vickey De Villiers
Author-X-Name-First: Vickey
Author-X-Name-Last: De Villiers
Title: ‘It’s a disaster, nobody is coming’: International travel bans’ effect on Cape Town's informal traders
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 crisis has been one of the most significant events in recent history. Informal traders who depend on a thriving tourist market have been especially vulnerable to COVID-19. The resultant travel bans affected South Africa’s tourism-related informal economic activities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the pandemic on informal traders’ livelihoods and resilience in Cape Town, South Africa. Tourists have always constituted a large proportion of informal traders’ customer base. They are often willing and able to spend more than locals. The impact of travel bans on traders’ income, profit margins, and livelihoods has been disastrous. However, many traders have shown commendable resilience. There were obviously limits to the effectiveness of their mitigating strategies. There is an urgent need (from a social justice and a pure economic perspective) for further relief and assistance to supplement street traders’ efforts to survive as international tourism recovers.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 53-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2244530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2244530
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# input file: CDSA_A_2252462_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Stefano Farolfi
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Farolfi
Author-Name: Damien Jourdain
Author-X-Name-First: Damien
Author-X-Name-Last: Jourdain
Author-Name: Eric Mungatana
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Mungatana
Author-Name: Nicky Nicholls
Author-X-Name-First: Nicky
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls
Author-Name: Marc Willinger
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Willinger
Author-Name: Eleni Yitbarek
Author-X-Name-First: Eleni
Author-X-Name-Last: Yitbarek
Title: Beliefs and preferences as predictors of prophylactic adherence and lockdown compliance in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Much of the research on behavioural preferences as predictors of compliance with regulations aimed at reducing the transmission of COVID-19 has focused on developed countries, with very little consideration of African countries. We conduct an online survey (n = 1503) considering beliefs, and individual and social preferences as predictors of compliance with prophylactic measures and lockdown regulations in South Africa. We use incentivized experimental measures of individual (risk and time) preferences and social preferences (cooperativeness and altruism). We also consider survey measures of risk tolerance, patience and trust. We find that beliefs about others’ behaviour are highly predictive of reported behaviour. We also find that greater patience and cooperativeness are predictive of high compliance with prophylactic measures and lockdown regulations. Encouragingly, respondents report higher compliance at higher lockdown levels, suggesting responsiveness of behaviour to the level of risk of infection.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 91-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252462
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# input file: CDSA_A_2279112_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Vincent Jani
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Jani
Author-Name: Nigel L. Webb
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Webb
Author-Name: Anton H. de Wit
Author-X-Name-First: Anton H.
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wit
Title: Community-based natural resource management and social exclusion in Zimbabwe
Abstract: 
 Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), which is aimed at ensuring meaningful participation of rural communities in decision-making and promoting sustainable utilisation of natural resources, has been criticised for excluding local communities from decision-making. Using the concept of social exclusion and a qualitative approach, the study's main objective was to analyse the exclusion faced by the minority Doma ethnic group in the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) programme in northern Zimbabwe. Findings showed that the Doma were excluded from decision-making related to wildlife management by powerful stakeholders, who included political elites, local authority officials, government conservation authorities, and the safari operator. The crux of this exclusion revolved around the large differences between their livelihood practices and those of the other stakeholders, their low-status position and peripheral location. The Doma also participated in their exclusion as they decided to take an indifferent approach to CAMPFIRE.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 225-242
Issue: 1
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2279112
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2279112
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# input file: CDSA_A_2311711_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Gabrielle Wills
Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Wills
Author-Name: Servaas van der Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Servaas
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Berg
Title: COVID-19 disruptions and education in South Africa: Two years of evidence
Abstract: 
 This paper provides an overview of learning losses and altered schooling patterns in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). Five major trends emerge from a review of the evidence. These include significant learning losses (38–118% of a year of learning), widened learning inequality, lowered grade repetition rates, increased secondary school enrolments and an unprecedented rise in candidates writing and passing the National Senior Certificate (NSC) examination. School completion significantly increased in 2021 and 2022, spurred by COVID-19 adjusted assessment and promotion practices in Grades 10 and 11. Larger numbers of youth also achieved a NSC pass or Bachelor's pass enabling access to university. With twin pandemic shocks of learning losses and secondary school enrolment increases, remediating losses and realigning progression rules to effective assessment practices should be prioritised.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 446-465
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2311711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2311711
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# input file: CDSA_A_2309450_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Faisal Buyinza
Author-X-Name-First: Faisal
Author-X-Name-Last: Buyinza
Author-Name: Anber Muhammod
Author-X-Name-First: Anber
Author-X-Name-Last: Muhammod
Title: Mothers’ education and childhood anaemia in Uganda
Abstract: 
 This article employs ordered probit to examine the effect mother’s education and other socio-economic and community factors on the prevalence of childhood anaemia in urban and rural areas and severity of anaemia in Uganda using the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. In Uganda, 53% of children aged 6–59 months suffered from some degree of anaemia, with 24% being mildly anaemic, 27% moderately anaemic, and 2% severely anaemic (UDHS, 2016). Anaemia has substantial negative effects on the health and economic wellbeing of nations and communities. The study findings indicate that mother’s education attainment and the partner’s schooling and socio-economic factors are important in explaining the prevalence of childhood anaemia in Uganda. The major implication of these results is that raising women’s education improves their economic opportunities, and the behavioural responses and this can greatly improve children’s health outcomes in terms of low prevalence of childhood anaemia.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 427-445
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309450
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# input file: CDSA_A_2305150_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Clement Moyo
Author-X-Name-First: Clement
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo
Author-Name: Syden Mishi
Author-X-Name-First: Syden
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishi
Author-Name: Ronney Ncwadi
Author-X-Name-First: Ronney
Author-X-Name-Last: Ncwadi
Title: The determinants of labour productivity in the Eastern Cape Province: A sectoral and industry analysis
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of labour productivity in the Eastern Cape. Furthermore, the study estimates the determinant of labour productivity from a sectoral and industry perspective. The technique employed for the empirical analysis is the ARDL bounds test. The empirical results highlight that investment in ICT, health and GDP growth are the crucial determinants of total labour productivity in the Eastern Cape. The sectoral analysis shows that primary sector labour productivity is driven by human capital and investment in ICT. Trade is the most important factor explaining labour productivity in the secondary sector while the tertiary sector is driven by R&D expenditures and ICT investment. The industry analysis revealed results similar to those of the sectoral analysis to some extent. The results imply that the shift to a knowledge-based economy is crucial for the Eastern Cape.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 371-387
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2305150
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2305150
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# input file: CDSA_A_2252449_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Charlize Tomaselli
Author-X-Name-First: Charlize
Author-X-Name-Last: Tomaselli
Author-Name: Jacques P. de Wet
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques P.
Author-X-Name-Last: de Wet
Title: Policy on trial: Participatory vs neo-liberal development
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the conflict in South African government development policy and law between a people-centred participatory approach and a neoliberal growth-centred approach. In particular, we discuss how this conflict has played out in a series of related court cases from 2021 to 2022. Methodologically, the case study is based on three court judgments with individual fishers, community representatives, civil society organisations and legal entities connected to the Eastern Cape Wild Coast as plaintiffs. The defendants were the multinational company Shell and subsidiaries with two South African government ministers. Our analytical framework was informed by Jürgen Habermas’ ‘instrumental reasoning’ which was operationalised through Sherry Arnstein’s heuristic model of participation. Different interpretations and expectations of public participation found in government policy documents and law in South Africa are explored. The findings underscore the central importance of appropriate levels of inclusion in public participation, as protected by the South African Constitution, in the process of Exploration Right Applications by mining companies.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 276-289
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252449
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# input file: CDSA_A_2295873_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Steven Lawrence Gordon
Author-X-Name-First: Steven Lawrence
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordon
Title: Petty corruption experiences and xenophobic violence in South Africa
Abstract: 
 Past studies have shown that corruption can promote conflict and instability. However, the capacity for corruption to influence anti-immigrant violence has received little academic attention. This article examines the relationship between experiences of petty corruption and public participation in violent xenophobic behaviour. It draws on Moral Foundations Theory to argue that corruption experiences undermine the moral inhibitors that prevent an individual from engaging in violence. The study focused on South Africa (where xenophobic violence seems to have accelerated during the last two decades) and used data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey. It found a robust association between the frequency of petty corruption experience and participation (past and intentional) in xenophobic violence. This finding holds even when controlling for variables that capture anti-immigrant sentiment, material deprivation and socio-political mobilisation. The article concludes by arguing that reducing xenophobic violence in South Africa will require strengthening efforts to decrease petty corruption.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 332-346
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2295873
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2295873
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# input file: CDSA_A_2243971_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Amy Thornton
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Thornton
Title: Trends in household formation and living alone in South Africa, 1995–2011
Abstract: 
 In South Africa, households were formed at about twice the rate that the population grew be-tween census 1996 and census 2011 and the number of single-person households ballooned by 150%. Reweighted household survey data shows a surge in household formation in the late 1990s was driven by prime-aged and older women and Black African men, likely connected to new freedoms afforded to these groups after the transition to democracy. Household formation steadied in the 2000s, hiding variation in who formed what types of households. Astonishing growth in the rate at which South Africans live alone was led by Black African men, a group historically associated with circular labour migration. Women instead are heading up complex households including children. These changes connect to long-term marital decline. By 2011, most female heads were never-married and the growing majority population group of never-married adults increased their rate of household formation.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 243-275
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2243971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2243971
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# input file: CDSA_A_2276192_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Emmanuel Orkoh
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Orkoh
Author-Name: Evelina Nghishikomesho Hasholo
Author-X-Name-First: Evelina
Author-X-Name-Last: Nghishikomesho Hasholo
Author-Name: Frank Gyimah Sackey
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Gyimah Sackey
Author-Name: Richard K. Asravor
Author-X-Name-First: Richard K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Asravor
Title: COVID-19 emergency income grant and food security in Namibia
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates the effects of the government's COVID-19 economic stimulus and relief package (emergency/one-off income grant of ND750) on household food security in Namibia during the period of the lockdown. The analysis reveals that a household that received the income grant ($42 equivalent) experienced about 11%−17% reduction in food insecurity compared to their non-recipient counterparts. We also found that the effect was relatively higher in female-headed households than in male-headed households. The positive effect is supported by a higher proportion (53%) of the beneficiary households who were satisfied with the policy. These findings underscore the need for the government of Namibia to institutionalise and sustain the income grant policy as a safety net and extend it to cover other vulnerable households in the post-pandemic. Such a programme should be gender-responsive and targeted at household heads who make decision over food consumption and other household arrangements for a bigger impact.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 290-310
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2276192
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2276192
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# input file: CDSA_A_2309455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Dumisani Macdonald Hompashe
Author-X-Name-First: Dumisani Macdonald
Author-X-Name-Last: Hompashe
Title: Does instructional leadership drive educational improvement in South Africa? Evidence from Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis
Abstract: 
 Quality school leadership and management are important determinants of teaching and learning quality. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP), principals should provide administrative and curriculum leadership to schools. This study investigated the improvement between 2015 and 2019 Grade 9 mathematics scores in South Africa, and explored the extent to which the difference could be related to instructional leadership. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition technique, the performance gap is decomposed into a part that is associated with changes in the number of educational inputs, such as student, teacher, and school/principal characteristics, and a part that is associated with changes in the efficiency of the educational inputs. The findings suggest that instructional leadership variables are positively associated with increased mathematics scores but the return to student achievement was lower in 2019 than 2015. The findings also revealed that instructional leadership led to less improvements among under-resourced schools in 2019.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 404-426
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309455
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# input file: CDSA_A_2309449_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Duke Mwedzi
Author-X-Name-First: Duke
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwedzi
Title: Community-based peer mentorship improves academic performance: Evidence from Makhanda, South Africa
Abstract: 
 Despite high rates of education expenditure, South Africa's education system remains sharply unequal and underperforms overall compared to other countries. One approach to addressing education inequality and underperformance is community-based peer mentorship. This paper presents evidence from the Nine Tenths mentorship programme in Makhanda (formerly Grahamstown) as a way to improve academic performance among matric students in under-resourced secondary schools. Using school matric pass rates from 2012 to 2021 and student admission metrics for participants in 2020–2022, a strong association is found between the activities of Nine Tenths and improved academic performance. No-fee schools where Nine Tenths is active record pass rates that are 28 percentage points higher on average than schools without Nine Tenths. Matric students who participate in Nine Tenths increase their Admissions Points Score (APS) by 4.23 points on average, and every student between 2020 and 2022 earned a bachelor pass. While the evidence suggests that Nine Tenths is effective, the programme operates on a relatively small scale and is not broad-based in its implementation. The programme shows is a promising example of community-based interventions to address schooling inequality independently and more efficiently than the current education policy in South Africa.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 388-403
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2309449
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# input file: CDSA_A_2288819_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Kwadwo Opoku
Author-X-Name-First: Kwadwo
Author-X-Name-Last: Opoku
Author-Name: Francisco M.P. Mugizi
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco M.P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mugizi
Author-Name: Emmanuel Adu Boahen
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Adu
Author-X-Name-Last: Boahen
Title: Gender differences in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania
Abstract: 
 We use the Tanzania Integrated Labour Force Survey data and a censored bivariate probit model to analyse gender differences in labour force participation and gender bias in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania. We find that, compared to men, women are less likely to participate in the labour market and less likely to obtain formal wage employment, suggesting the existence of gender bias in the labour market in urban areas of Tanzania. However, after accounting for selection into labour force participation, the existing gender bias is narrowed for women with high school or university education. The regression results suggest that the existing gender differences in formal wage employment probabilities cannot entirely be explained by observable characteristics. The finding of a positive unexplained formal wage employment probability differential suggests that the possibility of gender discrimination against women in urban Tanzania cannot be completely ruled out.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 311-331
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2023.2288819
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2288819
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# input file: CDSA_A_2305145_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Sylvester O. Ilo
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvester O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ilo
Author-Name: Sonali Das
Author-X-Name-First: Sonali
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Felix G. Bello
Author-X-Name-First: Felix G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bello
Title: Southern Africa’s post-COVID-19 tourism industry recovery plans: Reality or rhetoric?
Abstract: 
 The adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global tourism industry necessitated several responses from policymakers in order to support the industry’s recovery and post-pandemic growth. Southern Africa hosts tourism-sensitive and connected economies, with many tourists who arrive in one country, often visiting neighbouring countries. Using the United Nations World Tourism Organisation’s policy framework for COVID-19 mitigation, recovery, and stability for the tourism industry, this paper critically examined the Southern Africa's level of support for mitigating the impact of the pandemic and their recovery strategies for the tourism industry. Data were collected from publicly available policy and strategic documents. Findings reveal non-compliance to referenced benchmarks, lack of regional policy direction from SADC, and divergent levels of support among the member countries. The paper recommends, among others, a revision of the SADC’s regional tourism programme, collaborative tourism governance through increased regional integration, and improved destination attractiveness of the Southern African region.
Journal: Development Southern Africa
Pages: 347-370
Issue: 2
Volume: 41
Year: 2024
Month: 03
X-DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2024.2305145
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0376835X.2024.2305145
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